The trade & fishing of Great-Britain displayed with a description of the islands of Orkney and Shotland. By Captain John Smith.
Smith, John, Captain, lieutenant under Col. Rainsborough.
1661
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A60466
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The trade & fishing of Great-Britain displayed with a description of the islands of Orkney and Shotland. By Captain John Smith.
Smith, John, Captain, lieutenant under Col. Rainsborough.
[4], 16 p.
printed by William Godbid, and are to be sold by Nathaniel Webb, at the sign of the Royal-Oake in St Paul's Church-yard,
London :
1661.
Caption title on p. 1 reads: Captain John Smith, late of London, merchant, his observations of the islands of Orkney and Shotland, with the manner of the Hollanders fishing in the north or narrow seas, on those coasts, and the coast of England and Scotland: .. .
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eng
Fishing -- England -- Early works to 1800.
Orkney (scotland) -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800.
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THE
Trade
&
Fishing
OF
GREAT-BRITAIN
DISPLAYED
:
With
a
Description
of
the
Islands
of
ORKNEY
and
SHOTLAND
.
BY
Captain
JOHN
SMITH
.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
William
Godbid
,
and
are
to
be
sold
by
Nathaniel
Webb
,
at
the
Sign
of
the
Royal-Oake
in
St.
Paul's
Church-yard
.
1661.
To
His
Sacred
MAJESTY
,
CHARLES
By
the
Grace
of
GOD
,
Of
Great-Britain
,
France
,
and
Ireland
KING
,
Defender
of
the
Faith
,
&c.
May
it
please
Your
Most
Excellent
Majesty
,
ENcouraged
by
the
Proclamation
Your
Majesty
was
graciously
pleased
to
put
forth
some
Months
since
,
concerning
the
Fishing-Trade
,
and
having
gained
some
little
Experience
in
that
Particular
,
during
my
stay
upon
the
Coasts
of
Shotland
:
I
presume
humbly
to
offer
to
Your
Sacred
Majesty
the
following
Discourse
,
being
a
short
Description
of
That
,
and
the
Adjoyning
Islands
;
the
Conveniency
of
the
Place
,
what
course
the
Dutch
have
continually
taken
,
in
order
to
their
carrying
on
that
great
Business
;
their
Infinite
Gain
thereupon
,
and
by
what
means
the
Industry
of
the
English
may
render
all
their
Trade
there
inconsiderable
.
Beseeching
Your
Majesty's
Gracious
Acceptance
of
this
small
Endeavour
,
from
one
of
the
Meanest
,
yet
amongst
the
Faithfullest
of
YOUR
MAJESTY'S
Subjects
,
JOHN
SMITH
.
Captain
John
Smith
,
late
of
London
,
Merchant
,
his
Observations
of
the
Islands
of
Orkney
and
Shotland
,
with
the
manner
of
the
Hollanders
Fishing
in
the
North
or
Narrow
Seas
,
on
those
Coasts
,
and
the
Coast
of
England
and
Scotland
:
Which
doth
truly
and
lively
set
forth
the
great
benefit
that
the
Fishing
Employments
will
produce
.
IN
the
year
1633.
being
then
an
Apprentice
to
Mr.
Matthew
Cradock
of
London
Merchant
,
one
of
the
Society
for
the
Fishing-Trade
of
Great
Britain
,
was
sent
to
Sea
by
the
right
Honorable
,
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
and
Montgomery
,
and
his
Associates
,
for
the
discovery
of
the
Island
of
Shotland
,
the
manner
and
way
of
Trading
,
the
Profits
and
Customs
thereof
,
the
setling
a
Staple
,
building
of
Store-houses
,
the
viewing
the
ground
on
shore
for
landing
and
drying
of
Nets
,
making
and
drying
of
Fish
,
and
the
building
of
Block-houses
for
the
security
of
Trade
;
The
manner
of
the
Hollanders
fishing
for
Herring
with
Busses
,
and
other
Vessels
for
Ling
and
Cod
,
according
to
the
Journal
kept
thereof
,
is
as
followeth
.
We
set
sail
from
Gravesend
the
27th
.
of
April
,
1633.
and
having
Letters
from
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
to
Mr.
William
Dicks
of
Edinburgh
in
Scotland
,
we
directed
our
course
towards
Scotland
;
but
by
reason
of
foul
weather
was
forced
into
Harwich
,
and
set
sail
from
thence
the
30th
.
Ditto
;
the
wind
not
favouring
us
we
came
to
an
Anchor
in
Yarmouth-road
,
and
there
going
on
shore
was
informed
,
that
the
Hollanders
Busses
did
drive
at
Sea
for
Herrings
on
that
Coast
,
and
that
from
the
Holms
before
Yarmouth
to
Bookness
in
Scotland
,
North
North-East
is
96
Leagues
,
and
from
Bookness
to
the
South
end
of
Shotland
North
and
By-East
about
53
Leagues
.
The
fifth
of
May
we
set
sail
from
Yarmouth
,
and
by
stress
of
wind
was
forced
into
Scarbrough
,
and
there
going
on
shore
was
informed
of
the
Hollanders
Busses
fishing
on
that
Coast
,
and
that
from
Scarbrough
Northward
towards
Catness
,
in
45
Fathom
or
thereabouts
,
in
that
fair
way
is
usually
the
first
Summer
Herrings
caught
.
From
Scarbrough
we
set
sail
and
came
to
an
Anchor
before
Leith
in
Scotland
the
13th
.
Ditto
,
where
going
on
shore
,
and
from
thence
to
Edinburgh
,
delivered
my
Letters
to
Mr.
William
Dicks
,
who
was
at
that
time
Governor
of
the
Island
of
Shotland
,
and
did
receive
the
Revenue
of
those
Islands
.
Having
received
my
Instructions
and
Letters
from
Mr.
William
Dicks
directed
to
Mr.
James
Scot
,
who
lived
at
that
time
in
the
North
parts
of
the
Islands
of
Shotland
,
and
was
Agent
or
Deputy
to
the
said
William
Dicks
.
We
set
sail
from
Leith
,
and
came
to
an
Anchor
at
Casten
in
the
Islands
of
Orkney
,
the
22
Ditto
:
And
because
these
Islands
are
very
considerable
as
to
the
Fishing
Trade
,
I
cannot
pass
them
by
without
a
brief
description
thereof
,
which
is
as
followeth
.
The
Islands
of
Orkney
are
31
,
and
lye
from
the
North
and
North-East
Point
of
Scotland
;
the
first
and
Southermost
Island
is
called
Elhey
,
but
the
greatest
and
chiefest
Island
of
Orkney
is
called
Maland
,
which
lyeth
Southermost
from
the
Point
of
Catness
;
on
the
North
side
of
this
great
Island
are
the
Havens
,
where
the
Ships
come
to
that
Trade
in
those
parts
,
and
to
the
Island
called
Lewis
,
and
the
Islands
thereabouts
.
The
Lewis
Islands
are
the
Islands
on
the
West
of
Scotland
,
and
those
Seas
,
being
also
very
considerable
as
to
the
Fishing
Trade
,
I
make
bold
to
give
account
thereof
as
followeth
.
These
Islands
lying
Westward
from
Scotland
,
and
to
the
Northward
of
Ireland
,
are
in
number
34.
There
are
four
great
Islands
that
lie
near
the
main
Land
,
but
the
greatest
and
chiefest
Island
is
called
Lewis
,
which
lyeth
Northward
from
the
foresaid
Islands
;
but
the
Northermost
of
all
the
Islands
which
lyeth
towards
the
Orkanes
,
about
sixteen
Leagues
from
Lewis
,
is
called
Rova
;
betwixt
Rova
and
Orkney
lye
some
small
Islands
.
The
Island
Lewis
lyeth
from
Shotland
South-West
or
more
Westerly
about
58
Leagues
;
and
from
the
South
end
of
Lewis
to
the
North-West
of
Ireland
is
27
Leagues
:
In
and
between
these
Islands
are
many
very
good
Sounds
and
Havens
for
Ships
.
Lewis
with
the
Islands
belonging
to
it
lye
South
and
By-West
and
South
South-west
about
29
Leagues
.
I
shall
farther
add
to
my
boldness
,
and
give
You
an
account
of
the
Islands
of
Fero.
These
Islands
lie
Northward
from
the
Lewis
Islands
about
●4
Leagues
,
and
from
Shotland
Westerly
about
58
Leagues
,
and
are
in
number
22.
The
Sounds
and
Havens
are
many
.
The
Southermost
great
Island
is
called
Sugdro
:
on
the
North
side
of
this
Island
are
several
good
Sounds
and
Havens
;
but
the
best
and
chiefest
of
all
the
Havens
,
and
where
all
the
Trade
and
Merchandise
is
,
is
called
Tor-Haven
,
which
lyeth
on
the
great
Island
Strone
.
But
these
Islands
being
out
of
my
Road
,
I
shall
return
to
my
former
Discourse
on
the
Coast
of
Orkney
and
Shotland
.
The
South
part
of
Shotland
lyeth
about
20
Leagues
Northward
from
the
Island
called
Maland
;
but
between
the
Islands
of
Orkney
and
Shotland
lie
two
Islands
,
the
one
called
Fair-hill
,
and
the
other
called
Fulo
;
these
two
Islands
lye
about
10
Leagues
one
from
the
other
,
Fulo
lyeth
North
North-East
from
Fair-hill
.
The
Island
Fair-hill
lieth
from
the
Noth-East
point
of
Orkney
about
9
Leagues
,
and
the
Southermost
point
of
Shotland
lyeth
from
Fair-hill
North
and
By-East
about
8
Leagues
,
and
from
Fulo
East
and
By-South
about
four
Leagues
.
Being
informed
of
the
manner
of
the
Hollanders
Fishing
for
Herring
,
Ling
,
and
Cod
,
with
Busses
and
Doger-Boats
,
in
those
Seas
,
and
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Islands
manner
and
way
of
Fishing
,
we
set
sail
from
Casten
,
and
came
to
an
Anchor
by
Sunbrough-head
,
being
the
South
part
of
Shotland
,
the
third
of
June
,
and
going
a
shore
,
spake
with
the
Good-man
of
Quandale
,
one
of
the
chief
of
those
parts
;
the
said
Gentleman
with
other
of
the
Inhabitants
did
inform
me
of
their
manner
of
Trading
with
the
Hamburgers
and
others
;
and
of
the
Hollanders
Fishing
for
Herring
on
that
Coast
,
also
of
their
Doger-boats
that
fish
onely
for
Ling
and
Cod.
After
I
had
received
Information
from
the
Inhabitants
of
the
several
Islands
,
and
the
manner
of
Fishing
and
Trading
there
,
we
set
sail
from
thence
and
came
to
an
Anchor
in
Bracey-Sound
,
otherwise
called
Broad-Sound
,
a
very
gallant
Harbour
,
where
many
Ships
may
lie
Land-lockt
for
all
Winds
.
Having
informed
my self
by
the
Inhabitants
of
those
parts
of
the
manner
of
their
Trading
and
Fishing
,
and
the
Hollanders
fishing
for
Herrings
driving
on
that
Coast
,
we
set
sail
from
thence
,
and
came
to
an
Anchor
in
Evey-Sound
,
the
Northermost
Sound
in
Shotland
on
the
12
Ditto
,
and
there
going
on
shore
,
I
continued
about
11
or
12
Months
,
and
in
that
time
travelling
the
greatest
part
of
the
Island
by
Sea
and
Land
,
did
thereby
better
inform
my self
concerning
the
manner
of
Trading
and
Fishing
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
the
Hollanders
at
Sea.
The
Land
of
Shotland
lyeth
North
and
By-East
,
and
South
or
South
and
West
about
60
Miles
.
But
their
many
Islands
belonging
to
Shotland
,
which
I
shall
have
occasion
to
mention
hereafter
.
That
which
is
most
considerable
are
the
Sounds
and
Harbours
.
On
the
West
side
of
the
Southward
Point
of
Shotland
,
there
is
a
good
Harbour
and
Sound
,
called
St.
Magnus
,
and
on
the
East
side
near
Sunbrough-head
is
a
fair
Sand-Bay
,
where
there
is
good
Anchoring
in
ten
or
twelve
Fathom
;
to
the
Northward
of
this
last
Sound
there
is
another
Sound
called
Hambrough-Haven
,
which
is
a
lade-place
for
the
Hamburgers
and
Scots
.
About
9
or
10
Leagues
from
the
Southward
point
of
Shotland
there
is
a
Chanel
that
runneth
through
the
Land
,
the
South
part
of
the
Land
divided
by
the
Chanel
is
called
Swanberg
,
the
other
part
so
divided
,
or
the
North
part
,
is
called
Laxford
;
within
this
Chanel
aforesaid
are
several
Sounds
or
Harbours
,
but
the
best
and
chiefest
Sound
in
Shotland
is
Brace-Sound
,
or
Broad-Sound
,
as
before
mentioned
;
out
of
this
Sound
the
aforesaid
Channel
doth
run
Northward
.
On
the
North
part
of
Swanberg
lieth
the
high
hill
of
Hanglix
,
from
the
said
Hanglix
about
9
Leagues
Northward
,
lie
some
out-Rocks
,
called
the
Stars
;
to
the
Northward
of
the
Stars
there
is
a
very
good
Harbour
,
called
Bloom
Sound
;
to
the
Northward
of
this
last
Sound
is
another
good
Haven
,
called
Hue-Seund
,
being
the
Northernmost
or
North-East
Sound
or
Haven
belonging
to
the
Island
,
called
Ounst
.
There
are
other
Havens
or
Sounds
which
lyeth
through
the
Land
,
between
and
about
that
part
of
Shotland
called
Laxford
,
and
the
Island
called
Jello
.
There
are
also
other
Islands
and
Sounds
,
which
for
brevitie
sake
I
forbear
to
mention
.
The
Merchants
which
Trade
with
the
Inhabitants
of
Shotland
are
Hamburgers
,
Breamers
,
Luberghers
,
Scots
and
English.
The
chief
Inhabitants
of
the
Islands
are
Scots
,
the
meaner
or
inferior
sort
are
a
mixed
people
of
Danes
and
Scots
.
The
Islands
of
Shotland
,
as
I
have
been
informed
,
were
given
to
King
James
of
blessed
memory
,
by
the
King
of
Denmark
,
with
Queen
Ann.
being
part
of
her
Dowry
.
The
Commodities
of
Shotland
which
the
Inhabitants
do
for
the
most
part
Trade
withal
is
Ling
and
Cod
,
which
they
take
with
Hooks
and
Lines
in
small
Boats
,
called
Yalls
,
about
the
bigness
of
Gravesend
Oars
;
the
Ling
they
sell
for
3d.
a
piece
,
being
a
Ling
of
the
largest
size
,
and
is
called
a
Gild
Ling
;
if
smaller
,
then
we
have
two
for
one
,
or
three
for
two
,
and
so
proportionable
.
The
Cod
is
sold
for
2d
.
the
Gild
Cod
,
and
is
measured
as
the
Ling.
I
bought
of
Fisher-men
,
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Island
called
Ounst
,
11655
Gild
Ling
,
and
834
Gild
Cod
,
at
3d.
the
Gild
Ling
,
and
2d
.
the
Gild
Cod
;
which
Ling
and
Cod
were
taken
by
the
said
Fishermen
at
several
times
in
their
small
Boats
,
and
brought
to
my
Booth
,
or
place
of
abode
every
morning
as
they
were
caught
;
the
said
Ling
and
Cod
being
very
good
and
Merchantable
,
were
salted
aboard
the
Ship
that
landed
me
,
and
within
seven
weeks
after
my
landing
,
I
sent
her
for
London
with
the
said
Fish
to
the
Right
Honorable
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
as
by
my
Books
of
Account
,
delivered
into
his
hands
,
and
left
with
him
,
may
appear
.
There
is
also
other
small
Fish
which
the
Inhabitants
do
catch
with
Angles
sitting
on
the
Rocks
,
and
in
their
small
Boats
with
Hooks
and
Lines
in
the
Sounds
,
and
between
the
Islands
;
and
these
small
fish
are
very
considerable
,
for
although
they
cannot
spend
them
by
reason
of
the
multitude
they
take
,
and
have
not
industry
to
make
use
of
them
for
Transportation
,
yet
the
Livers
they
preserve
,
and
with
the
Livers
of
the
Ling
and
Cod
,
make
Train-Oyle
;
but
if
it
were
improved
,
as
taking
them
with
Nets
,
the
Train
Oyle
,
I
say
,
would
amount
to
a
considerable
sum
.
And
if
this
increase
of
Trade
were
carried
through
the
whole
Islands
,
it
would
be
a
great
encouragement
to
all
Merchants
Trading
into
those
parts
.
There
were
several
other
Merchants
in
the
Island
where
I
did
inhabit
,
that
bought
Ling
and
Cod
of
the
Fishermen
,
so
that
the
quantity
which
I
sent
for
England
was
not
above
the
fifth
part
taken
in
that
Island
:
with
which
the
whole
quantity
of
fish
that
was
bought
by
other
Merchants
throughout
the
whole
Islands
of
Shotland
being
added
together
,
would
amount
to
a
very
considerable
Sum
or
Quantity
,
to
the
lading
of
many
Vessels
,
which
might
be
much
more
improved
,
and
encrease
Trading
thereby
,
furnishing
the
Inhabitants
with
Mony
and
Commodities
.
In
the
Islands
of
Shotland
there
were
Beeves
and
sheep
sold
at
a
very
reasonable
rate
;
I
bought
for
my
own
use
,
and
the
Victualing
the
Ship
sent
to
London
,
three
Oxen
for
3
l.
and
at
an
other
time
four
Oxen
for
5
l.
which
were
fat
,
and
about
the
bigness
of
the
small
fort
of
Cattel
we
have
in
England
:
There
were
also
fat
Sheep
sold
for
2s
.
and
2s
.
6d
.
per
Sheep
;
there
were
also
other
Creatures
for
food
,
as
Conies
and
Fowl.
But
desiring
not
to
multiply
words
,
I
forbear
to
mention
them
.
The
Fuel
or
Firing
in
Shotland
is
Peat
and
Turf
.
There
may
be
Salt-Pans
set
up
there
,
and
good
Salt
made
to
serve
all
the
Fishing
Fleet.
There
are
very
good
Shores
for
landing
and
drying
of
Nets
,
and
making
and
drying
Fish.
There
is
no
Night
in
the
North
of
Shotland
part
of
two
months
in
the
year
,
as
June
and
July
.
In
an
Island
North
of
Ounst
,
being
not
inhabited
,
but
stockt
with
wild
Cows
and
Conies
,
I
did
kill
with
my
Birding-piece
ten
couple
of
Conies
in
one
night
,
shooting
from
a
little
before
Sun-set
to
Sun-rising
,
and
it
was
as
light
as
a
cloudy
Winter-day
.
I
do
not
remember
any
Frost
or
Snow
in
Shotland
;
if
any
,
it
was
not
of
long
continuance
;
the
coldest
weather
is
by
reason
of
great
Winds
in
the
Winter-quarter
,
the
wind
blowing
so
violent
,
that
no
Ship
dare
look
on
the
North-Coast
;
so
that
the
people
of
those
Islands
have
little
commerce
with
other
Nations
in
that
Quarter
.
I
can
speak
by
experience
,
being
blown
down
flat
to
the
ground
by
the
violence
of
the
wind
,
was
forced
to
creep
on
my
hands
and
knees
to
the
next
wall
,
and
going
by
the
wall
got
into
an
house
,
or
else
must
have
stayed
by
the
wall
till
the
violence
of
the
Wind
were
over
.
Sometimes
it
lasteth
half
a
day
,
and
sometimes
more
.
There
are
several
Towns
in
Shotland
,
so
called
,
being
about
eight
or
ten
houses
together
,
where
they
plow
and
sow
corn
,
as
Oates
,
which
is
their
chiefest
Bread
;
and
if
my
memory
do
not
much
deceive
me
,
there
was
good
Barley
growing
in
my
time
.
But
the
Land
might
be
much
improved
if
the
inhabitants
were
industrious
;
they
are
like
unto
the
idle
Irish
,
not
improving
any
thing
either
by
Sea
or
Land
,
spending
that
in
the
Winter
which
they
get
in
Summer
;
although
their
Winter
might
be
very
profitable
unto
them
,
if
they
were
laborious
and
industrious
,
as
the
Hollanders
are
.
The
Goods
and
Commodities
that
are
vendible
in
Shotland
are
Hooks
and
Lines
for
the
taking
of
Ling
and
Cod
,
Nets
for
the
taking
of
Herring
,
Strong-Beer
,
Bisket
,
Wheaten
Meal
,
Salt
,
Pease
,
Fruits
of
all
sorts
,
Strong
Water
,
Monmouth-Caps
,
and
many
other
particulars
,
which
is
not
needful
at
this
time
to
mention
.
The
Inhabitants
of
the
Island
of
Ounst
usually
have
a
Bark
that
they
Trade
with
to
Norway
,
where
they
may
buy
Timber
for
Houses
ready
framed
,
also
Deal-Boards
,
Tar
,
Ships
,
Barks
,
and
Boats
of
all
sorts
,
and
other
necessaries
for
their
use
.
With
their
small
Fishing-Boats
,
called
Yalls
,
they
will
Row
into
the
Main
about
two
or
three
Leagues
,
more
or
less
,
where
the
Banks
are
that
they
lay
their
Hook
and
Lines
for
Ling
and
Cod
;
in
one
of
these
Boats
Rowing
with
two
men
,
and
sometimes
four
,
according
to
the
largeness
of
the
Boat
,
they
do
usually
bring
to
Shore
every
morning
that
they
go
to
Sea
,
about
fifty
or
sixty
Ling
and
Cod.
There
are
many
Barrels
of
Herrings
taken
by
the
Inhabitants
,
with
their
small
Boats
,
in
the
Sounds
,
and
at
Sea
not
far
from
Land
,
which
are
the
gleanings
of
the
Hollanders
Busses
;
for
the
Busses
driving
at
Sea
,
break
the
Skull
or
Shole
of
Herrings
,
and
then
the
Herrings
flee
near
the
Shore
,
and
through
the
Sounds
,
where
these
small
Boats
,
with
those
Nets
they
have
,
take
them
.
But
if
they
had
better
Tackling
and
Boats
,
they
might
take
five
hundred
Barrels
for
one
,
which
would
much
enrich
the
Islands
,
and
by
encreasing
of
Trade
would
augment
his
Majesty's
Revenue
.
I
was
an
eye-witness
of
the
Hollanders
Busses
Fishing
for
Herring
on
the
coast
of
Shotland
,
not
far
from
Ounst
,
one
of
the
Northermost
Islands
;
demanding
the
number
of
them
,
was
informed
by
several
persons
of
quality
,
that
the
Fleet
consisted
of
1500
Sail
,
and
that
there
were
above
20
Wafters
,
as
they
call'd
them
,
which
were
Ships
carrying
about
30
Guns
a
piece
,
being
the
Convoys
of
the
Fleet
of
Busses
;
which
said
Busses
were
of
the
burden
of
about
80
Tun.
There
were
also
a
small
Fleet
of
Dogger-boats
,
which
were
of
the
burden
of
60
Tun
and
upward
,
which
did
fish
onely
with
Hooks
and
Lines
for
Ling
and
Cod.
Many
of
these
Boats
and
Busses
came
into
several
Havens
or
Sounds
,
to
fit
and
trim
themselves
.
One
thing
was
observable
,
that
within
eight
or
ten
days
after
the
Dogger-Boats
went
to
Sea
,
they
came
into
the
Sound
again
so
full
laden
as
they
could
swim
.
The
certain
number
of
Dogger-Boats
I
could
not
learn
,
but
the
general
report
was
about
400.
The
Composition
of
the
Hollanders
,
as
I
was
informed
after
my
comming
into
England
,
was
an
Annual
Rent
of
100000
l.
and
100000
l.
in
hand
;
and
never
having
been
paid
or
brought
into
the
Exchequer
,
as
I
could
hear
of
,
there
is
in
Arrearages
above
2500000
l.
an
acceptable
sum
,
and
which
would
come
very
happily
for
the
present
occasions
of
his
Majesty
.
As
for
the
charges
in
Building
,
Rigging
,
and
setting
forth
the
Busses
to
Sea
,
with
Nets
and
other
Materials
for
the
Fishing
,
as
also
Dogger-Boats
for
Ling
and
Cod
,
I
refer
to
several
Books
in
Print
,
as
,
The
Royal
Herring-Buss
Fishing
;
and
,
A
Narrative
of
the
Royal
Fishing
,
both
set
forth
by
Mr.
Simon
Smith
,
who
is
well
experienced
in
those
affairs
.
If
God
would
please
to
put
it
into
the
heart
of
our
Gracious
King
and
his
Subjects
to
set
out
such
a
Fleet
of
Busses
,
as
before
mentioned
,
for
the
Fishing-Trade
,
being
in
our
own
Seas
,
and
on
our
own
ground
;
and
that
the
Hollanders
and
all
Strangers
may
be
discharged
from
Fishing
in
those
Seas
,
and
the
Hamburgers
,
Breamers
,
and
Lubeckers
,
and
all
Strangers
,
from
Trading
in
the
Islands
of
Orkney
and
Shotland
,
and
that
onely
the
Subjects
of
the
three
Kingdoms
may
have
the
Trading
and
Fishing
,
it
would
make
our
King
one
of
the
greatest
Monarchs
in
the
world
,
for
Riches
and
Glory
;
and
the
Three
Kingdoms
the
happiest
people
in
Christendom
,
and
there
would
not
be
one
wanting
Bread
;
but
the
hearts
of
the
Subjects
would
be
lifted
up
with
praises
to
God
and
our
King.
For
it
is
well
known
,
that
Trading
is
the
life
of
all
the
habitable
world
,
and
therefore
much
more
of
these
Three
Kingdoms
,
which
are
but
Islands
,
and
so
populous
,
that
we
are
ready
to
devour
one
the
other
;
and
if
Trading
be
not
encreased
and
maintained
amongst
us
,
we
shall
in
a
short
time
be
the
most
despicable
People
in
the
world
,
and
the
derision
of
all
Nations
.
Having
in
thirty
years
Experience
in
Travelling
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
and
other
parts
,
observed
,
That
without
Trading
no
Nation
can
subsist
,
which
I
humbly
conceive
I
shall
be
able
to
make
good
against
all
opposers
thereof
,
which
are
enemies
to
your
Sacred
Majesty
,
and
these
three
Kingdoms
:
And
that
if
there
be
not
an
increase
of
Trade
powerfully
carried
on
,
we
are
an
undone
People
,
as
I
shall
make
more
fully
appear
by
my
ensuing
Discourse
.
Now
it
is
well
known
to
all
,
who
are
not
quite
ignorant
of
the
course
of
Trade
and
Merchandise
,
that
the
Traffick
of
Europe
hath
been
engrossed
into
the
hands
,
and
carried
on
all
along
by
the
Venetians
,
Genoese
,
Portugalls
,
Easterlings
,
Hollanders
,
and
English
;
all
which
I
shall
briefly
run
through
,
and
shew
how
the
failer
and
decay
of
One
,
was
the
original
rise
to
Another
,
till
the
whole
at
present
is
divided
between
the
Hollanders
and
us
.
I
shall
begin
with
Venice
,
That
City
therefore
and
Genoa
at
first
,
two
pretty
equal
Common-wealths
,
by
reason
of
that
mutual
advantage
they
had
one
of
another
,
and
community
of
Trade
to
the
same
places
,
were
counter-ballances
one
to
another
;
in
one
thing
the
Venetians
than
the
Genoese
,
in
another
the
Genoese
than
the
Venetians
,
being
better
supplied
;
for
if
the
Venetians
had
better
Shipping
,
the
Genoese
had
richer
Merchants
,
and
a
greater
Bank
,
and
so
they
continued
:
Till
Venice
disdaining
to
be
confin'd
in
so
narrow
limits
,
as
was
the
compass
of
its
City
,
encreased
its
Dominion
,
and
adding
to
its
Power
greater
Industry
,
utterly
undid
the
Genoese
,
undersold
them
in
their
best
Commodities
,
and
so
wore
them
out
;
which
they
could
well
do
,
being
better
in
this
continuance
of
time
provided
,
as
to
Men
,
Mony
,
and
all
manner
of
Provisions
.
Hence
they
made
themselves
Lords
of
all
the
Trade
of
the
Levant
,
comprehending
in
it
Turkey
,
part
of
Africk
,
and
Italy
:
and
by
multitude
of
Ships
of
their
own
,
transported
the
Commodities
of
those
Countries
into
France
,
England
,
and
the
Netherlands
.
They
made
their
way
also
into
the
Indies
,
and
all
over
Persia
by
their
Caravans
,
and
by
Egypt
and
Aleppo
returned
thence
all
kind
of
Silks
and
Spices
,
and
sold
them
at
their
own
Rates
,
where
ever
they
found
the
best
vent
,
and
so
they
continued
to
do
at
excessive
Rates
,
though
not
without
extraordinary
Gains
,
by
reason
of
the
difficulty
of
conveyance
;
till
the
Portingals
discovered
the
passage
to
the
Indies
by
the
Cape
of
good
Hope
,
receiving
in
Exchange
for
the
Commodities
so
Bartered
,
the
Staple
Commodities
of
all
the
Countries
they
Traded
to
;
Here
in
England
they
had
for
them
Cloth
,
Tin
,
Lead
,
&c.
and
with
which
we
our selves
,
by
our
own
Shipping
,
cheaper
,
and
with
greater
gain
,
might
have
supplyed
Italy
,
Turky
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
Africk
.
Hence
also
that
State
,
at
first
confined
to
a
sew
scattered
Islands
,
on
which
by
degrees
they
built
their
City
,
whither
before
they
onely
fled
for
security
,
came
to
encrease
and
grow
to
that
heighth
in
which
now
it
is
,
nay
greater
in
all
probability
;
for
by
the
decaying
of
Trade
,
their
Power
and
Dominion
hath
sensibly
decayed
.
By
the
greatness
of
their
Trade
they
enlarged
their
Jurisdiction
,
both
upon
the
Levant
Seas
,
and
very
high
into
the
Main
Land
,
in
Lombardy
,
Graecia
,
on
the
Dukedom
of
Milan
;
conquered
and
purchased
many
considerable
Islands
in
the
Mediterranean
,
as
Candy
,
Zant
,
Cyprus
,
and
other
places
which
lay
convenient
,
both
for
strength
and
security
of
the
Trade
and
Navigation
of
that
Republick
.
It
would
be
tedious
for
me
to
recount
how
many
Colonies
they
have
dispersed
over
the
world
,
and
that
fear
and
jealousie
other
Kings
and
Emperors
have
had
of
its
growing
strength
;
how
that
City
was
thought
to
have
a
design
upon
the
Soveraignty
of
Italy
,
and
the
many
combinations
to
prevent
.
And
all
this
to
have
compassed
from
so
small
a
beginning
,
onely
by
the
extent
of
its
Trade
,
as
its
neighbour
Rome
enjoyed
it
by
strength
of
Arms.
After
the
Venetians
and
Genoese
,
the
Easterlings
or
Hance-Towns
were
Master
of
the
Trade
and
Commodities
transported
from
Moscovy
,
Poland
,
Germany
,
Sweden
,
Prussia
,
Denmark
,
&c.
and
with
them
,
by
their
abundance
of
Shipping
,
served
England
,
France
,
Spain
,
and
the
Low-Countries
.
And
that
in
regard
of
that
continual
need
we
had
of
the
Commodities
of
those
parts
or
people
,
as
Hemp
,
all
manner
of
Cordage
,
Sope-Ashes
,
Flax
,
Pitch
,
Tar
,
Masts
,
Corn
,
&c.
They
received
in
return
from
us
our
Staple
Commodities
,
which
by
their
own
Ships
,
at
their
own
Rates
,
they
conveyed
all
over
Europe
,
when
we
for
want
of
Shipping
could
not
:
but
did
see
their
excessive
gains
,
and
yet
were
forced
to
be
content
.
Even
here
in
England
they
had
very
great
privileges
,
mighty
indulgencies
;
and
out
of
that
necessity
we
thought
we
had
of
them
,
finding
by
them
the
speediest
vent
for
our
Commodities
,
we
embraced
them
into
our
bosom
,
so
that
by
degrees
they
began
to
be
very
potent
upon
the
Northern
Seas
,
and
upon
every
occasion
were
ready
to
turn
our
enemies
,
the
most
dangerous
,
because
,
as
it
were
,
within
our
own
bowels
:
Hence
taking
advantage
,
in
their
Shipping
the
Saxons
,
Danes
,
and
Normans
invaded
England
;
and
the
Hance-Towns
were
grown
formidable
both
to
Italy
and
France
.
But
as
their
Trading
decayed
,
so
did
also
their
Strength
,
and
their
Shipping
being
wasted
,
they
have
undergone
the
same
necessity
that
others
,
once
famous
Cities
of
Mart
,
have
done
,
and
have
utterly
lost
all
their
power
and
strength
by
Sea.
The
Portingals
discovering
the
way
to
the
Indies
by
the
Cape
of
good
Hope
,
quickly
became
Engrossers
of
the
whole
Trade
thither
,
and
by
the
same
stratagem
and
device
undermined
at
once
the
the
Venetian
and
all
the
Hance-Towns
,
whereupon
encreasing
with
the
strength
of
Spain
,
they
made
themselves
the
terror
of
all
round
about
them
,
and
a
very
rich
Nation
and
People
within
it self
.
This
was
the
first
rise
of
the
Portingals
,
who
lying
so
commodiously
for
Navigation
,
and
a
no
less
industrious
than
a
very
cautelous
people
in
the
management
of
their
affairs
,
proceeded
so
far
,
that
Queen
Elizabeth
of
blessed
memory
jealous
of
them
,
fearing
lest
Spain
should
joyn
with
them
,
and
of
their
future
greatness
,
continually
encreasing
by
reason
of
its
Traffick
into
the
East
and
West-Indies
,
for
the
security
of
her self
,
and
safety
of
all
her
good
Subjects
,
endeavoured
to
make
her self
equal
in
strength
,
and
counterpoise
them
,
if
possible
,
by
the
enlargement
of
the
Trade
of
Great-Britain
,
and
this
she
prosecuted
with
so
much
vigour
,
and
so
successfully
,
that
in
a
little
space
England
had
as
great
a
Trade
and
Power
by
Sea
,
as
either
the
King
of
Spain
,
or
any
Principality
of
Europe
.
But
before
her
time
,
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
6th
.
our
own
Merchants
discovered
the
Trade
into
Moscovy
by
the
way
of
St.
Nicholas
,
ever
since
which
time
,
in
our
own
Shipping
we
have
thence
transported
home
all
the
Commodities
of
that
large
and
vast
Country
,
formerly
brought
in
by
the
Hanc●-Towns
,
their
Agents
and
Merchants
.
And
whereas
a
great
part
of
those
same
Commodities
,
as
Cavear
,
Tallow
,
Hydes
,
&c.
are
not
vendible
in
England
,
and
being
Bought
,
must
be
again
Sold
or
Exchanged
,
Need
and
Use
hath
found
a
better
Vent
for
them
in
Italy
,
and
other
parts
of
the
Levant
,
whereupon
first
began
our
Trade
there
;
a
Trade
,
which
though
it
at
first
appeared
very
small
and
inconsiderable
,
increased
in
a
few
years
to
that
heighth
of
Improvement
,
that
within
90
or
100
years
,
we
have
worn
the
Venetians
out
of
all
that
mighty
Trade
they
carried
from
those
parts
,
or
in
Turky
,
and
all
over
Christendom
.
So
that
by
this
you
easily
see
how
Trade
hath
flourished
and
decayed
in
Genoa
,
Venice
,
the
Hance-Towns
,
and
Portingal
,
the
whole
being
now
fallen
betwixt
Us
and
the
Hollander
,
either
striving
who
shall
use
means
most
effectual
for
advancing
the
general
Trade
of
its
Country
;
and
though
the
Hollanders
hath
by
Art
and
Industry
better
improved
his
Interest
,
yet
that
wherein
his
Interest
most
li●s
may
obviously
appear
,
and
wherein
,
in
that
very
particular
,
we
may
,
if
we
please
,
go
before
them
,
I
shall
thus
endeavour
to
demonstrate
.
The
Hollanders
have
not
at
present
,
neither
ever
had
any
other
means
to
rise
to
this
greatness
of
Wealth
and
Trade
,
but
by
betaking
themselves
to
Fishing
,
being
a
People
of
constant
Labour
,
and
unwearied
Industry
;
a
multitude
in
a
Spot
of
Land
,
which
doth
not
afford
them
any
Commodities
sufficient
to
be
the
ground
even
of
a
mean
Trade
.
They
first
began
,
and
all
along
have
drove
this
Trade
of
Fishing
,
being
their
Original
of
all
Trade
,
upon
our
Coast
,
and
the
Coast
of
Scotland
,
on
which
they
employ
thousands
of
poor
people
,
besides
others
of
a
better
Rank
,
making
some
Mariners
and
Fisher-men
,
others
they
keep
at
work
about
the
making
and
mending
of
N
ets
;
others
they
employ
as
Merchants
about
the
Transportation
or
Exchanging
of
their
Fish
for
other
Commodities
.
So
that
in
all
Holland
you
shall
scarce
see
one
Beggar
,
there
being
so
many
thousand
things
,
or
particular
Trades
,
or
Imployments
belonging
to
the
Fishing-Trade
,
out
of
which
they
may
find
a
Livelyhood
.
They
employ
also
hereby
great
store
of
Ships
,
and
in
the
industrious
management
hereof
,
make
us
in
England
at
what
rate
they
please
buy
our
own
Fish.
The
great
quantity
of
Herring
every
year
they
take
,
they
transport
to
Dantzick
,
Melvin
,
Quinbrough
,
Leghorn
,
and
other
parts
;
and
with
the
Returns
they
make
of
them
,
buy
Corn
,
Hemp
,
Flax
,
Pitch
,
Tar
,
Clap-boards
,
and
other
Commodities
;
and
in
Holland
store
them
up
into
a
Magazin
,
whence
they
again
disperse
them
into
Italy
,
France
,
Spain
,
yea
England
,
and
all
over
Europe
.
Fish
,
and
the
Fishing-Trade
being
the
onely
Stock
upon
which
they
continually
live
and
spend
,
putting
off
most
there
where
they
find
the
best
Rates
;
and
this
hath
encreased
their
Shipping
and
Wealth
,
that
now
they
have
lengthned
their
power
all
over
the
World
,
and
in
most
Countries
have
a
considerable
Stock
.
And
this
growing
and
encreasing
of
theirs
hath
been
within
the
space
of
70
or
80
years
,
and
yet
they
are
not
come
to
their
heighth
,
for
every
day
they
glory
in
some
new
addition
to
their
Sway.
And
if
care
be
not
taken
of
this
their
growth
,
they
will
within
few
years
not
onely
be
Master
of
our
Seas
but
of
our
Trades
too
.
His
Majesty
hath
been
graciously
pleased
to
take
this
into
his
Princely
consideration
,
and
if
it
be
seconded
with
the
prudent
management
of
those
Commissioners
he
hath
already
imployed
in
the
carrying
it
on
,
I
dare
be
bold
to
say
the
Hollanders
are
at
their
Meridian
.
For
first
of
all
,
England
is
not
inferior
to
the
Netherlands
,
nay
,
we
are
before
them
in
all
the
Advantages
both
of
Art
and
Nature
.
The
scituation
of
our
Country
is
such
,
that
for
the
convenience
of
all
kind
of
Marts
the
world
hath
not
the
like
,
and
being
seated
between
the
North
and
South
,
so
that
it
is
fix'd
,
as
it
were
,
by
Art
and
Nature
,
the
fittest
Staple
for
both
Northern
and
Southern
Commodities
.
Secondly
,
our
Ports
and
Harbours
are
fairer
and
safer
,
having
good
Anchoring
,
and
more
in
number
throughout
the
three
Kingdoms
,
than
any
Country
in
Christendom
can
boast
of
.
And
then
thirdly
,
which
exceedeth
,
we
have
valuable
Commodities
,
as
to
the
quantity
and
quality
of
them
,
such
as
are
the
inriching
of
all
those
that
trade
with
them
.
So
that
if
we
are
not
our
own
Enemies
,
and
will
but
be
a
little
industrious
,
one
quarter
of
that
will
serve
and
be
enough
in
England
,
which
is
but
necessary
and
scarce
sufficient
in
Holland
;
adding
thereto
providence
for
the
employing
our
own
Shipping
,
and
not
any
Forreigners
,
we
shall
within
few
years
have
the
greatest
power
at
Sea
,
and
make
our selves
Master
of
all
Trades
;
and
the
Hollanders
a
servant
to
that
Wealth
and
Power
,
of
which
at
present
he
is
the
sole
Master
.
But
for
the
quicker
advancement
of
so
great
and
noble
a
work
,
there
is
necessary
to
be
a
Protection
and
Favour
of
his
Majesty
to
all
manner
of
Trades
,
so
that
they
be
not
carried
on
by
Strangers
,
and
acted
by
them
,
as
at
present
it
is
in
and
about
the
City
of
London
,
there
being
,
thousands
of
them
up
and
down
the
Suburbs
,
French
,
and
Dutch
,
and
others
,
who
live
as
it
were
upon
the
ruines
of
the
poor
free-born
Citizens
,
vending
any
unmerchantable
ware
,
and
at
lower
Rates
than
any
other
honest
Tradesman
can
.
And
this
I
humbly
conceive
is
the
reason
why
Trading
hath
been
so
bad
and
dead
in
this
great
City
for
these
late
years
.
But
the
prudence
of
his
Majesty
is
such
,
and
under
his
prosperous
Reign
all
things
so
readily
begin
to
run
in
their
old
Chanel
,
that
we
doubt
not
but
in
a
little
time
Trading
and
Merchandize
will
do
so
too
,
and
not
be
any
longer
the
burden
of
the
Land
for
the
lack
of
it
,
but
of
the
Sea
in
bringing
it
hither
.
After
men
comes
mony
,
and
without
this
sure
Foundation
,
we
shall
never
be
able
to
make
any
Superstructure
to
stand
.
There
must
be
a
Stock
of
Shipping
,
Mony
,
and
Commodities
;
for
Commodities
in
Traffick
will
bring
in
more
Mony
,
and
Mony
commands
all
Commodities
,
and
to
attempt
this
without
both
,
or
at
least
one
of
these
two
,
is
like
a
Soldier
going
to
Battel
without
his
Offensive
and
Defensive
Weapons
;
with
the
one
we
offend
all
our
Enemies
,
the
Engrossers
of
our
Trade
:
and
with
the
other
we
defend
our selves
against
their
most
powerful
assaults
.
In
antient
times
,
Merchants
and
Tradesmen
were
very
careful
to
provide
and
lay
up
a
Stock
of
Mony
for
the
building
of
Ships
,
and
buying
of
Commodities
to
Trade
with
.
But
in
these
latter
years
,
as
within
40
or
50
years
,
they
have
disbursed
much
mony
in
purchasing
Land
,
and
building
stately
Houses
,
minding
pleasure
more
then
profit
,
and
have
neglected
Trade
,
to
the
undoing
of
many
of
them
,
and
that
great
cause
of
the
decaying
of
Trade
.
Therefore
to
preserve
and
uphold
Trade
,
I
humbly
offer
unto
his
Majesty's
consideration
,
and
His
Honorable
Council
,
that
all
Merchants
and
Tradesmen
within
the
Three
Kingdoms
may
be
restrained
from
purchasing
Land
above
the
yearly
value
in
Rent
of
pounds
.
This
being
effected
,
and
the
Fishing-Trade
carried
on
,
will
within
few
years
make
the
greatest
Bank
of
Mony
,
and
the
greatest
Trade
in
the
three
Kingdoms
,
to
be
equal
,
if
not
greater
,
than
any
Trade
or
Bank
of
Mony
in
the
world
.
For
hereby
great
and
vast
sums
of
mony
,
which
are
now
consumed
in
continual
Purchases
,
will
be
expended
onely
in
and
about
Trade
and
Traffick
in
general
;
and
the
best
security
for
this
Mony
will
be
a
setled
Bank
,
which
all
will
of
necessity
use
.
Having
not
read
any
of
those
Books
which
are
in
Print
concerning
the
Fishing-Trade
,
but
referring
to
several
Books
that
I
heard
of
,
and
not
knowing
the
number
of
Busses
allotted
or
appointed
to
be
bought
or
built
,
neither
how
they
shall
be
disposed
of
as
to
their
Ports
or
Harbours
;
therefore
I
make
bold
to
offer
my
judgment
.
That
a
certain
number
of
Busses
be
bought
or
built
,
as
also
Dogger-Boats
;
the
number
of
Busses
to
consist
of
1000
or
1500
,
or
thereabouts
;
for
that
some
years
15000
may
as
soon
catch
their
Lading
as
500
,
and
therefore
more
considerable
as
to
the
charges
of
the
three
Kingdoms
;
for
a
small
number
of
Busses
will
not
do
the
work
.
The
Dogger-Boats
which
Fish
onely
for
Ling
and
Cod
,
would
consist
of
400
,
or
thereabouts
.
These
Busses
and
Dogger-Boats
being
fitted
for
Sea
to
proceed
in
their
Fishing
,
that
then
they
be
sent
or
appointed
to
several
Ports
or
Harbours
of
the
three
Kingdoms
,
that
lie
most
convenient
for
the
Fishing
.
And
that
the
Counties
or
Shires
that
these
Ports
do
belong
to
,
be
enjoyned
to
keep
the
same
number
of
Busses
and
Boats
perpetually
,
well
Rigged
and
Furnished
to
Sea
for
the
Fishing
,
as
was
delivered
to
them
.
And
if
by
reason
that
those
Counties
,
which
have
the
most
and
best
Harbours
,
and
that
lie
most
convenient
for
the
Fishing
Trade
,
will
bear
the
greatest
burden
,
by
reason
the
greatest
number
of
Busses
will
be
sent
to
these
Ports
.
Then
thirdly
,
I
humbly
offer
,
that
the
Undertakers
of
the
said
Counties
have
allowance
out
of
the
main
Stock
or
Bank
of
Mony
,
proportionable
to
their
Charges
.
And
I
do
further
humbly
offer
unto
consideration
,
that
there
be
a
Corporation
made
of
all
the
Adventurers
for
the
Fishing-Trade
,
and
that
Merchants
and
Tradesmen
be
admitted
into
this
Corporation
.
And
that
t●is
Corporation
be
armed
with
large
Privileges
,
and
ample
Immunities
,
for
the
Transportation
of
the
said
Fish.
I
might
have
also
told
you
of
the
Pilcher-Fishing
,
and
for
Ling
and
Cod
on
the
W●st
and
North-West
of
England
,
and
that
great
Pilcher-Fishing
,
and
Fishing
for
Cod
on
the
West
Coast
of
Ireland
,
frequented
by
those
of
Biscay
,
Galicia
,
and
Portugal
;
but
they
are
so
well
known
that
I
forbear
to
mention
them
.
The
Islands
that
belong
to
Scotland
,
and
lie
on
the
North
,
North-West
,
and
West
of
Scotland
,
which
are
useful
for
the
Fishing-Trade
,
are
in
number
94.
And
whereas
it
is
credibly
reported
,
th●t
above
220
Fisher-Towns
are
decayed
and
reduced
to
extream
poverty
,
for
want
of
favour
,
succour
,
and
protection
:
On
the
contrary
,
by
diligent
endeavouring
to
make
use
of
so
great
a
blessing
,
as
is
offered
unto
us
by
the
Seas
,
we
might
in
a
short
time
repair
those
decayed
Towns
,
and
add
both
Honor
,
Strength
,
and
Riches
to
our
King
and
Country
.
The
Premises
being
taken
into
serious
consideration
,
it
maketh
much
to
the
ignominy
and
shame
of
our
Nation
,
that
God
and
Nature
offering
us
so
great
a
Treasure
,
even
at
our
own
doors
,
we
do
notwithstanding
neglect
the
benefit
thereof
.
THE
CONCLUSION
:
AND
to
conclude
,
such
is
the
clear
and
indubitable
right
of
our
Soveraign
Lord
the
King
to
the
Superiority
of
the
British
Seas
,
that
no
man
can
produce
clearer
evidence
for
any
part
of
his
Estate
:
And
as
those
Seas
,
under
God
,
are
the
principal
means
of
our
Wealth
and
Safety
;
so
it
doth
much
concern
all
his
true
Subjects
,
who
are
bound
by
the
Law
of
Crace
and
Nature
,
with
heart
and
hand
,
to
preserve
and
maintain
the
same
with
the
hazard
of
their
Lives
,
Goods
,
and
Fortunes
.
FINIS
.