act anent the vintners and baxters edinburgh (scotland). town council. 1685 approx. 1 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b02999 wing e160ch estc r174852 52614630 ocm 52614630 175847 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b02999) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 175847) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2752:33) act anent the vintners and baxters edinburgh (scotland). town council. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson ..., edinburgh, : 1685. caption title. imperfect: sheet creased with some loss of text. reproduction of original in: national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food prices -law and legislation -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. vintners -law and legislation -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. bakers and bakeries -law and legislation -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-10 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-10 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion act anent the vintners and baxters . these are ordaining all vintners within this city , or suburbs , to sell the pint of their mum-beer for ten shillings scots the pint , after saturday next , being this ninth of may instant ; and whosoever shall contraveen or take any more , shall be lyable in an fine of twenty rex-dollars toties quoties . as also , that all bread sold by baxters , and vintners , be conform to the standard , both as to the vveight and fineness ; under the like penalty . extracted by me jo. richardson . edinburgh , printed by the heir of andrew anderson , printer to his most sacred majesty , city and colledge , anno dom. 1685. proclamation discharging the importation of forreign victual. scotland. privy council. 1695 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-03 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05581 wing s1765 estc r183450 52529275 ocm 52529275 179029 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05581) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179029) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2776:18) proclamation discharging the importation of forreign victual. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson, printer to his most excellent majesty, edinburgh : 1695. caption title. royal arms at head of text; initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the twenty day of november, and of our reign, the seventh year, 1695. signed: gilb. eliot cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-06 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-07 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-07 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion w r diev et mon droit honi soit qui mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms proclamation discharging the importation of forreign victual . wiliam by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france and ireland , defender of the faith , to macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting ; forasmuch , as the importing and bringing from forreign countries , any wheat , bear , barley , oats , meal , malt , pease , beans , or rye , into this kingdom ; is highly prejudicial to the native product thereof , and to the trade upon the growth of the same , and gives occasion to the unwarrantbale exporting of much money forth of this realm : for preventing whereof , and obviating the inconveniencies that follow thereupon , we , with advice of the lords of our privy council , do hereby strictly prohibite , and discharge all persons whatsomever , to import , or bring by sea or land , into this kingdom , or any of the ports harbours , towns , or places thereof , any sort or quantity of the victual above-mentioned , excepting white pease allenarly , without licence had from our saids lords for that effect , under the pain of confiscation of the said victual , the one half thereof to the person or persons , who shall make discovery of , and seize upon the same , and the other half thereof , with the ships , barques , or boars wherein the same shall be imported , to our thesaurie for our use ; and other punishments to be inflicted upon them , conform to the acts of parliament made thereanent : and ordains all our collectors , surveyors and waiters , within this kingdom , at the respective ports , harbours and places where they serve , to see this act punctually observed , as they will be answerable at their highest peril ; with certification to such as shall be found negligent therein ; they shall incur the loss of their respective offices . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly , and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and whole other mercat-crosses of the royal-burghs and sea-ports within this kingdom , and thereat , make publick intimation of our pleasure in the premisses , to the effect , none may pretend ignorance : and ordains these presents to be printed . given under our signet at edinburgh the twenty day of november , and of our reign the seventh year . 1695. per actum dominorum sti. concilii . gilb eliot cls. sti. concilii . god save the king . edinburgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew andrsoen printer to his most excellent majesty , 1695 proclamation against importing victual from ireland. scotland. privy council. 1697 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05458 wing s1591 estc r183331 52528926 ocm 52528926 178978 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05458) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 178978) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2775:49) proclamation against importing victual from ireland. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to the king's most excellent majesty, edinburgh : anno dom, 1697. caption title. initial letter. signed: gilb. eliot, cls. sti. concilii. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the fifth day of august, and of our reign the ninth year, 1697. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -ireland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-10 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-12 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2009-01 scott lepisto sampled and proofread 2009-01 scott lepisto text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion proclamation against importing victual from ireland . william by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france , and ireland , defender of the faith ; to _____ macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute greeting ; forasmuch , as the importing of victual , of any sort , whether , wheat , bear , barley , oats , meal , malt , pease , beans , or rye , from the kingdom of ireland , into this kingdom , is prohibite by diverse laws , and acts of parliament ; and highly prejudicial to the native product of scotland ; and gives occasion to the unwarrantable exporting of much money furth of this our realm ; wherethrough , the poorer sort of people are altogether destitut of the necessary means of buying , and providing themselves in the dayly mercats of this kingdom . for the better obviating the inconveniencies that may follow thereupon ; we , with advice of the lords of our privy council , do , hereby prohibite , and discharge all persons whatsoever , to import , or bring into this kingdom , or any of the ports , harbours , towns , or places thereof , from the kingdom of ireland , any sort or quantity of the victual above-mentioned , from , and after the first day of september nixt to come , under the pain of confiscation of the said victual ; the one half thereof to the person , or persons who shall make discovery of , and sease upon thesame ; and the other half thereof , with the ships , barks , or boats , wherein the samen shall be imported , to our thesaury for our use ; and other punishments to be inflicted upon them , conform to the acts of parliamens made thereanent : and ordains all our collectors , surveyors , and waiters within this kingdom , at the respective ports , harbours , and places where they serve , to see this act punctually observed , as they will be answerable at their highest peril , with certification to such as shall be sound negligent therein , they shall incurr the loss of their respective offices . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly , and command , that incontinent , these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and to the mercat-crosses of the head-burghs of the several shires within this kingdom ; and thereat , make publication of our pleasure in the premisses , that none may pretend ignorance : and ordains these presents to be printed . given under our signet at edinburgh , the fifth day of august , and of our reign the ninth year , 1697. per actum dominorum secreti concilii . gilb . eliot , cls. sti. concilii . god save the king. edinburgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to the king 's most excellent majesty , anno dom , 1697. a proclamation against the importation of victuall scotland. privy council. 1676 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05474 wing s1610b estc r183345 52612438 ocm 52612438 179595 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05474) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179595) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2793:67) a proclamation against the importation of victuall scotland. privy council. gibson, alexander, sir, d. 1693. scotland. sovereign (1649-1685 : charles ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by andrew anderson, printer to his most sacred majesty, edinburgh : anno 1676. caption title. royal arms at head of text; initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the twenty fourth day of february, 1676 and of our reign the twenty eight year. signed: al. gibson cl. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng foreign trade regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-10 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-12 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2009-01 scott lepisto sampled and proofread 2009-01 scott lepisto text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion royal blazon or coat of arms c r 〈…〉 a proclamation against the importation of victuall . charles , by the grace of god , king of great brittain , france and ireland , defender of the faith ; to our lovits , _____ macers , or messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly , and severally , specially constitute , greeting : forasmuch , as upon representation to our privy council , of the great scarcity and dearth of victual in some western shires of this kingdom ; they did , by their act , of the second of december last , grant licence for importing oats , oat-meal , and pease , to the shires of vvigtoun , air , renfrew , and stewartrie of kircudburgh , for supplying the necessity of these places until furder order : and seeing now , by reason of great quantities of victual imported since the said licence was granted , the rates and pryces of victual in this kingdom are much fallen , and that the continuation of the said licence any longer , would prove very prejudicial to our subjects of this kingdom ; we have thought fit , with advice of the lords of our privy council , to discharge and take off the foresaid licence , and to renew our former proclamation against importing of victual , of the date the fourth of may , 1671. likeas , we , with advice foresaid , do hereby restrain and discharge the importation of victual of any kind into this kingdom after the eleventh day of march next , under the pains following , viz. for such victual as shall be imported from ireland , under the pains contained in the third act of the third session of our second parliament , and for any victual imported from other forraign places , under the pains contained in our said former proclamation , which shall be inflicted upon the contraveeners with all rigour . and ordains thir presents to be printed , and published at the mercat-crosses of edinburgh , glasgow , air , and other places needful , that none may pretend ignorance . given under our signet at edinburgh , the twenty fourth day of february , 1676. and of our reign the twenty eight year . al. gibson cl. s ti . concilii . god save the king. edinburgh , printed by andrew anderson , printer to his most sacred majesty . anno. 1676. a proclamation, prohibiting the exportation of victual furth of this kingdom. scotland. privy council. 1698 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-03 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05719 wing s1968 estc r233216 52529320 ocm 52529320 179108 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05719) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179108) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2777:1) a proclamation, prohibiting the exportation of victual furth of this kingdom. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to the kings most excellent majesty, edinburgh : anno dom. 1698. caption title. initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh the tenth day of may, and of our reign the tenth year 1698. signed: gilb. eliot. cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. export controls -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-01 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-05 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-06 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-06 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation , prohibiting the exportation of victual furth of this kingdom . william by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france , and ireland , defender of the faith ; to macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting : forasmuchas , the present cold and backward season , doth threaten the scarcity of victual , so that it appears necessary that there be a restraint and prohibition of the export of victual , at least of meal , oats , pease , barley and bear , whereby the foresaid threatned scarcity may be the better prevented . therefore we with advice of the lords of our privy council , have thought fit to prohibite , and do hereby strictly prohibite and discharge the exporting forth of this kingdom , either by land or by sea , any of the foresaids kinds or grains of victual , viz. meal , oats , pease , barley or bear after the day and date hereof , under all highest pains , to be inflicted upon the contraveeners , either merchants , skippers , or others whatsomever : and farder , we hereby require and charge all sheriffs , stewarts , baillies and their deputs , magistrats of burghs , justices of peace , and other officers of the law , as also of our customers ; that they take all lawful and effectual means and methods to restrain and hinder the said export , as they will be answerable , and these presents to be but prejudice of the former order and restraint issued out by the lords of our privy council , of the date the twenty sixth day of april last . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and to t●e mercat-crosses of the remanent hea 〈…〉 burghs of the several shires and stewartries within this kingdom , and to the 〈…〉 aill sea ports of this kingdom , and there in our name and authority , make publication hereof , that none pretend ignorance , and ordains these presents to be printed . given under our signet at edinburgh the tenth day of may , and of our reign the tenth year 1698 . per actum dominorum secreti concilii gilb . eliot . cls. sti. concilii . god save the king. edinburgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson printer to the kings most excellent majesty , anno dom. 1698. act of the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh, anent the settlement of the prices of victual within the said shire, to the first day of september next. edinburgh, apil 28. 1699. commissioners of supply for edinburgh (edinburgh, scotland) 1699 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-03 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b02995 wing e160cb estc r230192 52614629 ocm 52614629 175846 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b02995) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 175846) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2752:32) act of the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh, anent the settlement of the prices of victual within the said shire, to the first day of september next. edinburgh, apil 28. 1699. commissioners of supply for edinburgh (edinburgh, scotland) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by james watson in craig's closs ..., edinburgh, : 1699. caption title. signed at end: ro. thomson their clerk. reproduction of original in: national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food prices -law and legislation -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-06 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-07 paul schaffner sampled and proofread 2008-07 paul schaffner text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion act of the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh , anent the settlement of the prices of victual within the said shire , to the first day of september next . edinburgh , april 28. 1699. the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh , appointed by act of his majesties most honourable privy council , of the date the last day of march last by past , for stating and settling the prices of victual within the said shire , having several times conveened at edinburgh and dalkeith ; and last of all being met and conveened this day ; and having taken true and exact tryal of the prices of victual , for five weeks space preceeding the date of the said act , and duly considered the saids prices : the saids commissioners , by vertue of the power given and committed to them by the foresaid act of council , have stated and settled , and hereby states and settles the highest prices of the best victual and meal to be as follows , to wit the best wheat seventeen pounds scots per boll . the best oats twelve pounds per boll . the best barley bear thirteen pounds six shilling eight pennies per boll . the best pease thirteen pounds per boll . the best oat meal , by weight , being eight stone , at sixteen shilling six pennies , per half stone , for the peck . the best bear meal , at eight pounds per boll , being ten shilling per peck . the best pease meal , nine pounds twelve shilling scots money per boll , being twelve shilling per peck . and the foresaid prices so settled , are appointed by the said act of privy council , to be the feer and settled prices until the first day of september next : and none are to presume to sell at higher rates , either in mercats , girnels , or otherwise , within the said sheriffdom , under the certification of being pursued as usurers and occurers , as the act bears . and to the end the above written prices may be published , the saids commissioners ordained , and ordains thir presents to be printed , and their clerk to send through copies to all the paroch kirks of the shire , to be read the next lords day after divine service ; as also , doubles to be sent to the baillies of burghs within the shire , to be by them proclaimed at their mercat crosses : and this present settlement of the prices of the said victual and meal to be binding , and take effect after the publication and intimation hereof . and ordains thir presents to be recorded in the sederunt books of the saids commissiomers . sic subscribitur john clerk , i. p. c. extracted forth of the sederunt books of the saids commissioners , by ro. thomson their clerk. edinburgh , printed by james watson in craig's closs on the north side of the cross , 1699. a proclamation discharging the importation of forraign victual scotland. privy council. 1691 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05579 wing s1763_variant estc r226022 53299280 ocm 53299280 180012 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05579) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 180012) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2810:37) a proclamation discharging the importation of forraign victual scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1689-1694 : william and mary) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson ..., edinburgh, : 1691. caption title. title vignette: royal seal with intertwined initials wm rr. initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. reproduction of original in: national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-10 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-10 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion monogram of 'w' (william) superimposed on' m' (mary) diev et mon droit honi soit qui mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms a proclamation , discharging the importation of forraign victual . william and mary by the grace of god , king and queen of great britain , france and ireland , defenders of the faith , to our lovits , macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting ; forasmuch as the importing and bringing from forraign countreys , any wheat , bear , barley , oats , meal , or malt , into this kingdom , is highly prejudicial to the native product thereof , and to the trade upon the growth of the same , and gives occasion to the unwarrantable exporting of much money forth of this realm : for preventing whereof , and obviating the inconveniencies that follow thereupon , we with advice of the lords of our privy council , do hereby strictly prohibite and discharge all persons whatsoever , to import or bring by sea or land into this kingdom , or any of the ports , harbours , towns , or places thereof , any sort or quantity of the victual above-mentioned , without licence had from our saids lords for that effect , under the pain of confiscation of the said victual ; the one half thereof to the person or persons , who shall make discovery of , and seiz upon the same , and the other half thereof , with the ships , barques , or boats , wherein the same shall be imported : to our thesaurie , for our use ; and other punishments to be inflicted upon them , conform to the acts of parliament made thereanent ; and ordains all our collectors , surveyers , and waiters within this kingdom , at the respective ports , harbours , and places where they serve , to see this act punctually observed , as they will be answerable at their highest perril ; with certification to such as shall be found negligent therein , they shall incur the loss of their respective offices . our will is herefore , and we charge you straitly , and command that incontinent , these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and whole other mercat-crosses of the royal burrows , and sea-ports within this kingdom , and thereat make publick intimation of our pleasure in the premisses , to the effect none may pretend ignorance . given under our signet at edinburgh , the sixth day of january , and of our reign the second year , 1691. per actum dominorum secreti concilii . gilb . eliot cls. sti. concilii . god save king william and queen mary . edinburgh , printed by the heir of andrew anderson , printer to their most excellent majesties , anno dom. 1691. a proclamation, discharging the importation of forraign victual. scotland. privy council. 1692 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05580 wing s1763 estc r226022 52528954 ocm 52528954 179028 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05580) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179028) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2776:17) a proclamation, discharging the importation of forraign victual. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1689-1694 : william and mary) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson, printer to their most excellent majesties, edinburgh : anno dom. 1692. caption title. initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the third day of may. and of our reign, the fourth year, 1692. signed: da. moncrief, cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-10 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-10 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion depiction of scottish thistle, fleur-de-lis, tudor rose a proclamation , discharging the importation of forraign victual . william and mary , by the grace of god , king and queen of great-britain , france , and ireland , defenders of the faith ; to macers of our privy council , or messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting : forasmuch , as the importing and bringing from forreign countries , any wheat , bear , barly , oats , meal , malt , pease , beans , or ry into this kingdom , is highly prejudicial to the native product thereof , and to the trade upon the growth of the same , and gives occasion to the unwarrantable exporting of much money forth of this realm ; for preventing whereof , and obviating the inconveniencies that follow whereupon , we , with the advice of the lords of our privy council , do hereby strictly prohibit and discharge , all persons whatsomever , to import , or bring by sea or land , into this kingdom , or any of the ports , harbours , towns , or places thereof ; any sort or quantity of the victual abovementioned , excepting white-pease allanerly , under the pain of confiscation of the said victual , the one half to the person or persons who shall seize or make discovery , and prove the importing of the same , either contrary to our former proclamation , of the date the sixth day of january , 1691. or to these presents ; and the other half thereof , with the ships , barks or boats , wherein the same shall be imported : to our thesaury , for our use , and other punishments to be inflicted upon them , conform to the acts of parliament made thereanent ; and ordains all our collectors , surveyers , and waiters within this kingdom , and the respective ports , harbours , and places , where they serve , to see this act punctually observed , as they will be answerable at their highest peril ; with certification to such as shall be found negligent therein , they shall incur the loss of their respective offices . our will is here fore , and we charge you straitly and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and whole other mercat-crosses of the royal burghs , and sea-ports within this kingdom , and thereat , make publick intimation of our pleasure in the premisses , to the effect none may pretend ignorance . and ordains these presents to be printed . given under our signet at edinburgh , the third day of may. and of our reign , the fourth year , 1692. per actum dominorum secreti concilii . in supplimentum signeti . da , moncreif , cls. sti. concilii . god save king william and queen mary . edinburgh , printed by the heir of andrew anderson , printer to their most excellent majesties , anno dom. 1692. act of the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh, anent the settlement of the prices of victual within the said shire, to the first day of september next. edinburgh, april 28. 1699. edinburgh (scotland). commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh. 1699 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b02994 wing e160ca estc r176441 52528800 ocm 52528800 178766 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b02994) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 178766) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2770:5) act of the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh, anent the settlement of the prices of victual within the said shire, to the first day of september next. edinburgh, april 28. 1699. edinburgh (scotland). commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh. thomson, robert, town-clerk. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to his most excellent majesty, edinburgh : 1699. caption title. imprint from colophon. signed at end: ro. thomson their clerk. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food prices -law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. price regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-10 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-10 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion act of the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh , anent the settlement of the prices of victual within the said shire , to the first day of september next . edinburgh , april 28. 1699. the commissioners of supply of the sheriffdom of edinburgh appointed by act of his majesties most honourable privy council , of the date the last day of march last by past , for stating and settling the prices of victual within the said shire , having several times conveened at edinburgh and dalkeith ; and last of all being met and conveened this day : and having taken true and exact tryal of the prices of victual , for five weeks space preceeding the date of the said act , and duly considered the saids prices : the saids commissioners , by vertue of the power given and committed to them by the foresaid act of council , have stated and settled , and hereby states and settles the highest prices of the best victual and meal to be as follows , to wit the best wheat seventeen pounds scots per boll . the best oats twelve pounds per boll . the best barley bear thirteen pounds six shilling eight pennies per boll . the best pease thirteen pounds per boll . the best oat meal , by weight , being eight stone , at sixteen shilling six pennies , per half stone , for the peck . the best bear meal , at eight pounds per boll , being ten shilling per peck . the best pease meal , nine pounds twelve shilling scots money per boll , being twelve shilling per peck . and the foresaid prices so settled , are appointed by the said act of privy council , to be the feer and settled prices until the first day of september next : and none are to presume to sell at higher rates , either in mercats , girnels , or otherwise , with the said sheriff-dom , under the certification of being pursued as usurers and occurers , as the act bears . and to the end the above written prices may be published , the saids commissioners ordained , and ordains thir presents to be printed , and their clerk to send through copies to all the paroch kirks of the shire , to be read the next lords day after divine service ; as also , doubles to be sent to the baillies of burghs within the shire , to be by them proclaimed at their mercat-crosses : and this present settlement of the prices of the said victual and meal to be binding , and take effect after the publication and intimation hereof . and ordains thir presents to be recorded in the sederunt books of the saids commissiomers . sic subscribitur john clerk , i. p. c. extracted furth of the sederunt books of the saids commissioners , by ro. thomson their clerk. edinbvrgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to his most excellent majesty , 1699. proclamation, recalling former acts or proclamations, declaring forraign victual free of duty, and ordaining all victuall to be imported to pay duty as before the saids former acts and proclamation. scotland. privy council. 1697 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05726 wing s1973 estc r183582 52529002 ocm 52529002 179112 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05726) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179112) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2777:5) proclamation, recalling former acts or proclamations, declaring forraign victual free of duty, and ordaining all victuall to be imported to pay duty as before the saids former acts and proclamation. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to the king's most excellent majesty, edinburgh : 1697. caption title. initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the twenty one day of july, and of our reign the ninth year, 1697. signed: gilb. eliot cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -scotland -early works to 1800. taxation -law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-01 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-01 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-03 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-10 spi global rekeyed and resubmitted 2008-12 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-12 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion proclamation , recalling former acts or proclamations , declaring forraign victual free of duty , and ordaining all victuall to be imported to pay duty as before the saids former acts and proclamation . william by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france and ireland , defender of the faith , to our lovits , _____ macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting ; forasmuch , as by our proclamation of the date , the sixth day of august , one thousand six hundred ninety six years , the exacting of any custom , excise , or other imposition said upon victual imported into this kingdom by sea or land , from any other countrey , by any act of parliament , or book of rates , was discharged : and sicklike , by an act of the lords of our privy council , dated the 29 day of december , one thousand six hundred ninety six years , all victual imported into this kingdom from abroad , was declared to be free of all custom and excise , or other publick duties whatsomever : and seing the foresaid proclamation and act of council were past and published , for encouraging such who should import victual , for relief of the poor , under the then scarcity and dearth , which now are competently provided against , by the plenty of victual already imported , and the old victual yet in the countrey not consumed or spent : and there being likewise the prospect of a very good harvest , and plentiful cropt approaching . therefore we , with advice of the lords of our privy council , have discharged the foresaid proclamation , and act of council , and declare the same to be of no furder force ; and hereby ordain the collectors , and others imployed in uplifting and collecting our customs , to levy and collect the custom , excise , and other duties imposed upon victual imported from any forraign countrey : by sea or land , by whatsomever law , or act of parliament , and appoint them to be comptable to us therefore , conform to the laws made thereanent , as they were lyable to do before the said proclamation , or act. our will is herefore , and we charge you straitly , and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and to the remanent mercat-crosses of the head burghs of the several shires and stewartries within this kingdom , and there in our name and authority make intimation hereof , that none pretend ignorance . and ordains these presents to be printed . given under our signet at edinburgh , the twenty one day of july , and of our reign the ninth year , 1697. per actum dominorum secreti concilii gilb . eliot cls. sti. concilii . god save the king. edinburgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to the king 's most excellent majesty , 1697 a proclamation, discharging the exportation of victual. scotland. privy council. 1690 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05576 wing s1760 estc r233616 52529274 ocm 52529274 179026 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05576) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179026) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2776:15) a proclamation, discharging the exportation of victual. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1689-1694 : william and mary) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson, printer to the king and queens excellent majesties, edinburgh : anno dom. 1690. caption title. initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at holy-rude-house, the twenty one day of june, one thousand six hundred and ninety years, and of our reign the second year. signed: gilb. eliot cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. export controls -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-10 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-10 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation , discharging the exportation of victual . william and mary by the grace of god , king and queen of great britain , france and ireland , defenders of the faith , to macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting : forasmuch , as by the twelfth act of the third session of the first parliament of king charles the second , intituled , act for encouragement of tillage and pasturage ; it is expresly provided , that when the lords of our privy council shall judge it necessar , for the good of this our ancient kingdom , and preventing of dearth , they may discharge the exportation of victual of all sorts , for so long time as they shall think expedient . and we , and the lords of our privy council considering , that by the laying up of meal in the stores of our castles of edinburgh , striviling , and dumbartoun , and the providing of magazines for the use of our forces , which are now in the fields , there may be fears and apprehensions of a dearth and scarcety of victual : and we being informed , that there is plenty of victual , and all other provisions necessary for the use of our forces within our kingdom of ireland . therefore we , with advice and consent of our privy council , do hereby prohibite and discharge the exportation of any meal , oats and pease for sale from this kingdom to any kingdom , port , or place whatsomever , during our royal pleasure , under the pain of confiscation of the ships , and whole goods and gear belonging to the masters thereof , and merchants , transporters of the said victual , and the imprisonment of their persons during our pleasure , conform to the 55 act , parl. ii. king ja. 6. and we command all our collectors , surveyers , waiters and others , to make all diligent search , that no victual be shipped aboard any ship or bark , to be transported forth of this kingdom , more than is necessary for the victualing thereof , under all highest pains ; and to seize , and cause seize upon the samine , to be confiscat in manner foresaid : and we require all magistrats of our burghs-royal , sheriffs of our shires , and justices of peace , to give all due concurence for preventing the export of meal , oats , and pease , in manner above-mentioned . and ordains these presents to be printed , and published at the mercat cross of edinburgh , and other places needful , that none may pretend ignorance . given under our signet , at holy-rude-house , the twenty one day of june , one thousand six hundred and ninety years , and of our reign the second year . per actum dominorum sti. concilii . gilb . eliot cls. sti. concilii . god save k. william and q. mary . edinburgh , printed by the heir of andrew anderson , printer to the king and queens most excellent majesties , anno dom. 1690. by the king a proclamation for the prizes of victuals within the verge of his majesties household. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) 1662 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a32580 wing c3505 estc r221877 08936517 ocm 08936517 41999 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a32580) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 41999) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1279:21) by the king a proclamation for the prizes of victuals within the verge of his majesties household. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, 1630-1685. 1 broadside. printed by john bill and christopher barker, london : 1662. reproduction of original in the university of illinois (urbana-champaign campus). library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food prices -great britain. 2008-07 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-10 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-11 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-11 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by the king. a proclamation for the prizes of victuals within the verge of his majesties houshold . charles r. whereas in our passages through divers parts of our realm , necessity requireth that a great number of our subjects , not onely noblemen and others attending our service , but others for their necessary occasions , shall frequent those places where in our royal person we shall resort ; and it is requisit that competent provision be made , that they be not exposed to the intolerable avarice of bakers , brewers , inholders , butchers , and sellers of victual , who , not contented with reasonable profit in uttering and selling of victual within our dominions , and specially within the verge of our houshold , will ( as we have cause to doubt ) unlawfully exact and demand unreasonable and extream prizes for victuals , horsmeat , lodging , and other necessaries , above the prizes they were sold at before our coming to those parts : therefore to prevent the extream exaction by the foresaid victuallers , and others , towards our servants , train , and suiters attending our court , wheresoever we make our above , nothing respecting our prerogative , nor the laws of our realm , our will and pleasure is , and by the advice of the lords and others of our privy council , we do hereby straitly charge and command , that all persons do obey and keep all such prizes , as is and shall be prized , assessed , and rated by the clerk of the market of our houshold , or his lawful deputy , upon the presentment of jurors , by vertue of his office , sworn and charged from time to time , as well within liberties as without , within the verge of our houshold : which rates and prizes we will , not onely shall be certified by our said clerk of the market , or his deputy , into our compting-house , but also sized and set upon the gates of our court , and other places within the verge , as well within liberties as without ; and that no manner of person or persons , of what estate or degree soever he or they be , do in any wise , ask , demand , take , receive , or pay more for corn , victuals , horsmeat , lodging , or any other such thing , then after the rate and form aforesaid , upon pain of imprisonment , fine , and such further punishment that shall thereof follow . and moreover we do straitly charge and command , that no manner of person or persons , now using , or which accustomably have used or shall use , or of right ought to use , to serve any city , borough , town , or other place where our repose or residence shall be , or elsewhere within the verge of our houshold , either within liberties or without , with any kind of corn or victuals , or other necessaries , either upon the market day , or at any other time , shall be any thing the more remiss or flack in bringing or selling their provision , then they or any of them heretofore have been ; nor shall use any colour of craft , either in hiding or laying aside their corn , victuals , horsmeat , lodgings , or any other such necessaries whereby the provision of the market may be diminished , or we and our servants , and other subjects should not be as well served , and as plenteously furnished in every behalf , as it was before , or of right ought to have been , in defraud of this our ordinance . and furthermore we straitly charge and command all our officers of our green-cloth , our iustices of peace , our clerk of the market , his deputy or deputies , mayors , bailiffs , sheriffs , constables , and all other our officers of cities , boroughs , towns , hundreds , and other places within the verge of our houshold , wheresoever the same shall be , as well within liberties as without , and every of them , from time to time , when and as often as need shall require , to make diligent inquiry of corn , grain , and other victual that shall be hidden or withdrawn from the markets , with purpose to increase the prizes , and to cause the same to be put to sale by the owners thereof : and upon complaint by any party justly made , every of them within their authorities , forthwith shall endeavour themselves to see just punishment , and due reformation of the premisses , against such person or persons as shall offend herein , according to iustice . given at our court at whitehal , the twenty sixth day of april , 1662. in the fourteenth year of our reign . god save the king. london , printed by john bill and christopher barker , printers to the king' 's most excellent majesty . 1662. proclamation discharging the export, and allowing the import of victual. scotland. privy council. 1699 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05574 wing s1758 estc r183445 52528952 ocm 52528952 179024 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05574) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179024) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2776:13) proclamation discharging the export, and allowing the import of victual. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to the king's most excellent majesty, edinburgh : anno dom. 1699. caption title. royal arms at head of text. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburth the fourteenth day of december, and of our reign the eleventh year 1699. signed: gilb. eliot cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade relations -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-09 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-09 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion proclamation discharging the export , and allowing the import of victual . willim by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france and ireland , defender of the faith ; to _____ macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjuctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting : for asmuchas , through the goodness of god in the last seasonable harvest , there wants not sufficiency of victual for subsisting of all our liedges at reasonable and easie rates , if on the one hand , the exporting of victual to forraign places , and on the other hand , the ill practices of forstallers and regraters , do not hinder so great a benefite . therefore , and for preventing these inconveniencies , we with advice of the lords of our privy council , hereby most strictly prohibit and discharge the exporting forth of this kingdom by any person whatsoever , either by sea or land , all , or any kinds of victual , either meal , wheat , rye , oats , pease , barley or bear , malted or not malted , or any other grain or victual whatsoever ( except what shall be found necessary to be exported for the use of the company trading to africa and the indies ) after the day and date of these presents , under the pain of forefaulting the victual offered to be exported , for the use of the poor of the bounds where the samen shall be attacted and seased , or the value thereof , when the same is proven to be exported , and of the horse , ship , boat , or other the veessels whreeby the samen shall be attempted to be exported , with the sum of ten pounds scots for each boll that shall be proven to be exported , or seased when transporting , to be payed by the owner , skipper , or transporter ; and we hereby require and command all sheriffs , stewarts , baillies and their deputs , magistrats of burghs , justices of peace , or other officers of the law , to see and cause these presents to be put to strict execution , in all points as they will be answerable , and farder , we hereby authorise and require our customers , and all collectors , surveyers , waiters , and other officers at sea-ports , and generally all our liedges , to discover and sease the victual that shall be exported , or offered to be exported , promising and allowing them the half of the pecunial pains above-mentioned for their reward , and that they themselves shall be subject to the like pains as the skipper or owner for the victual that shall be found exported through their default , neglect or connivance . and farder , we with advice foresaid , for the more effectual disappointing of the foresaid ill practices of forestallers and regraters , do hereby permit and allow the importing of all sorts of forraign victual , whether by natives or strangers from any forraign kingdom or countrey whatsoever , and that ay and while this present license shall be discharged or recalled . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly , and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat cross of edinburgh , and remanent mercat-crosses of the haill head-burghs of the several shires and stewartries within this kingdom , and to all the several sea-port-towns within the same , and make publication hereof , and appoints our solicitor to transmit a sufficient number of copies hereof to the sheriffs of the several shires , stewarts of stewartries ; baillies of regalities , their deputs or clerks , to be published at their several burghs , and likeways sent by them to the magistrats of the several sea port towns , there to be published by them under the certification foresaid ; as also appoints our solicitor to deliver a sufficient number of copies of thir presents to the taxmen of our customs , to be sent by them to the several ports and places of this kingdom , where they keep offices for collecting and in bringing of our customes , to be published thereat by the collector or surveyer residing there for the time , and ordains these presents to be printed that none pretend ignorance . given under our signet at edinburgh the fourteenth day of december , and of our reign the eleventh year 1699. ex deliberatione dominorum secreti concilii . gilb . eliot . cli. sti. concilii . god save the king. edinburgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to the king 's most excellent majesty , anno dom. 1699. by the king a proclamation for the prices of victuals within the verge of the court. england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) 1625 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 2 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a22365 stc 8776 estc s3510 33150383 ocm 33150383 28577 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a22365) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 28577) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1475-1640 ; 1876:38) by the king a proclamation for the prices of victuals within the verge of the court. england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 2 leaves. by bonham norton and iohn bill, printers to the kings most excellent maiestie, imprinted at london : anno dom. m.dc.xxv [1625] caption title. imprint from colophon. arms without "c r" at top. "giuen at our court of whitehall, the fourteenth day of may in the first yeere of our reigne of great britaine, france and ireland." reproduction of original in: henry e. huntington library and art gallery. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food prices -england -london -early works to 1800. great britain -history -charles i, 1625-1649. great britain -court and courtiers -food -early works to 1800. 2003-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2003-06 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2003-07 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2003-07 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-08 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms ¶ by the king. ❧ a proclamation for the prices of victuals within the verge of the court. whereas wee vnderstand by the records of our counting-house , that our most noble progenitors & predecessors , kings and queenes of this realm , haue alwaies had an especiall care to restraine the excessiue rates and prices of uictuals , horse-meate , and lodging ; and that , notwithstanding the extraordinary care thereof , taken by our most deare and royall father , king iames of blessed memory , yet there were within the uerge of the court , alwayes some , who out of their greedy desire of vnlawfull gaine , would neuer bee kept within any bounds of equall and reasonable prices , but , by the accesse of the court , and the increase of the concourse of people thither , would take an occasion to enhaunce their rates , and exact vnconscionable extreame prices , at their owne willes and pleasures : wee , taking the same into our princely consideration , and being desirous that all our louing subiects in generall , should in all places of their trauaile bee well vsed , and especially within the uerge of our court , where our nobility , seruants & traine , dayly attending vpon our person , are lodged & placed by our harbingers , & other suitors haue dayly occasion to resort , haue giuen order to the clerke of the market of our houshold , within the uerge of our court , foorthwith to cause a rate and ualuation to bee set by indifferent iurors , of all corne , uictuals , lodgings , horse-meate , and other necessaries of that kinde , according to the reasonable and equall rates and prices of the market , and to renewe such rates and ualuations from time to time , as occasion shall require , by oath and presentments of iurors ; and haue commanded , that schedules of the inquisitions and presentments of the iuries , to bee thereupon taken , shall , not onely be certified by our sayd clerke of the market , or his deputie , into our counting-house , to remaine there with the officers of our houshold ; but shall also be fixed , and set vpon the gates of our court , and other places within the uerge , aswell within liberties as without , whereby publique notice may bee taken of the same ; our will and pleasure being , and we do by this our proclamation straitly charge & command , that no baker , brewer , inholder , butcher , or other uictualler , or any other person or persons , of what estate or degree soeuer hee or they be , doe in any wise demand , aske , or receiue more for corne , uictuals , horsemeate , lodging , or any other thing to bee specified in the sayd schedule or inquisition , then according to the rates and prices therein mentioned , vpon paine of imprisonment , and such further punishment , as by the lawes of this realme , or by our prerogatiue royall , may bee inflicted vpon them , as opressors of the common-wealth , and contemners of this our royall commandement . and moreouer , wee doe straitly charge and command , that no manner of person or persons , now vsing , or which shall hereafter vse , to serue any citie , borough , towne , or other place , in , or neere the place of our residence or abode , or elsewhere within the uerge of our court , either within liberties or without , of , or with any kinde of corne or uictuals , or other necessaries , either vpon the market dayes , or at any other time , shall be any thing the more remisse , or slacke , for making of prouision for the same , then they or any of them heretofore haue been , nor shall vse any colour of craft , to deceiue the buyers of , or in the said prouisions , or to withdraw , conceale , hide , or lay aside their corne , uictuals , horse-meate , or other necessaries , to lessen or diminish the market , whereby our traine , or attendants of our court , within any citie , borough , or towne within the uerge , or the inhabitants of the same , or any other our louing subiects thereunto resorting , shall not be as well , and as plenteously furnished in euery respect , as the markets were before , in defrauding of this our ordinance . and furthermore , we straitly charge , and expresly command , aswell all our officers of our greenecloth , and our clerke of the market , and his deputie or deputies , as also all maiors , bayliffes , sheriffes , constables , and all other our officers and ministers of all and euery the cities , boroughs , townes , hundreds , and other places within the uerge of our court , aswel within liberties as without , that they and euery of them from time to time , when , and as often as any complaint shall bee made vnto them by any partie or parties , iustly grieued or wronged , contrary to the tenour of this our proclamation , within their authorities respectiuely , forthwith to endeauour themselues to see speedy reformation thereof and due punishment of the person or persons that shall offend therein , according to the seuerest iustice of our lawes in that behalfe . giuen at our court at white-hall , the fourteenth day of may , in the first yeere of our reigne of great britaine , france and ireland . god saue the king. ¶ imprinted at london by bonham norton , and iohn bill , printers to the kings most excellent maiestie . anno dom. m. dc . xxv . proclamation against regraiting of victual, and forestallers, and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden. scotland. privy council. 1696 approx. 7 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05467 wing s1601 estc r183338 52528927 ocm 52528927 178980 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05467) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 178980) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2775:51) proclamation against regraiting of victual, and forestallers, and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to his most excellent majesty, edinburgh : anno dom. 1696. caption title. initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. signed: gilb. eliot cls. sti. concilii. dated at end: given under our signet at edinburgh the ninth day of june and of our reign the eight year, 1696. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-10 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-12 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2009-01 scott lepisto sampled and proofread 2009-01 scott lepisto text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion proclamation against regraiting of victual , and forestallers , and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden . william by the grace of god , king of great britain , france and ireland ; defender of the faith , to _____ macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially , constitute , greeting : forasmuch as by several acts of parliament , the keeping up of victual to a dearth , is strictly prohibited , and particularly , it is statute by the acts , james the second parliament cap. sixth , twenty two and twenty three , that for the efcheuing of dearth : sheriffs , bailies and other officers both to burgh , and to land ; inquire what persons buys victual , and holds it to a dearth ; and that the saids sheriffs and officers make such known , that in case they hold more than will sustain them , and their meinzie to new-corn they may be punished , and demeaned as ockerers and usurers ; and the victual escheated to us ; and that the same be presented to mercats , and sold as the price goes . and by the act james the second parliament ninth , cap. thirty eight and thirty ninth , it is ordained that no manner of victual be holden in girnals by any man to a dearth , but allanerly what is needful for their own persons , and sustentation of their housholds ; and that the saids persons present all that they have more to the mercat , under the pain of escheat thereof : and searchers are appointed in edinburgh and leith to make the saids acts effectual ; as likewise , the crime of forestalling is forbidden by several acts and statutes , and particularly by the act , james the sixth , parliament twelfth , cap. one hundred and fourty eight , it is declared , that who buyes any merchandize , or victual coming to fair or mercat , or makes any contract or promise for the buying of the same , before the said merchandize or victual shall be in the fair or mercat-place ready to be sold , or shall make any motion by word , writ , or message for raising of the prices , or dearer selling of the said merchandise and victual , or who shall diswade any from coming , and bringing the foresaid merchandize and victual to fair or mercat , shall be esteemed and judged a forestaller ; and it is ordained that all such forestallers may be pursued before the justices , or magistrats of burghs , and that without a special libel ; but only upon forestalling in general , and the persons convict to be fined for the first fault in fourty pounds , for the second in one hundred merks , and for the third to incurr the tinsel of moveables . and seing that through the not due observance , and the execution of the foresaids acts : the calamity of the country , by the present scarcity and dearth is greatly increased . therefore we with advice of the lords of our privy council , have thought fit to revive the same , and ordain them to be put to strict execution , and for that effect ; to impower and require all sheriffs of shires , steuarts of stewartries , lords and baillies of regalities , and their deputs , and magistrats of burghs , as likewise all commissioners of supply , and justices of peace , to cause inquire , and search to be made , who holds up , or girnels victual or keeps stacks contrary to the foresaid laws , and to command and charge the keepers up of the said victual in girnels , stacks , or otherways contrary to the saids statutes ; either to thresh out , bring , and expose the same for sale , in open and ordinary mercats , or otherwise to open their girnels , and other houses where the victual is keeped , and there sell the same , as the said sheriffs , steuarts of stewartries , lords and baillies of regalities , and their deputs , and magistrats of burghs , or any two of the saids commissioners , shall find the ordinary price to rule for the time in the country , not below the last candlemass . fiers , with certification that if they failzie therein ; they shall be proceeded against ; and the pains of the foresaids acts of parliament execute upon them with all rigour : and in the mean time the victual girneled , and unlawfully keeped up as said is , arreested and sequestrat by the foresaid sheriffs and others as escheat . and further we with advice foresaid , command and charge all magistrats of burghs , and other officers of the land to take care that all mercats and fairs be duely regulat , conform to the laws , without extortion , and to cause put the foresaid-acts of parliament against forestallers to due and vigorous execution : certifying the foresaids sheriffs , magistrats , and others , who shall fail in their duty in the premisses , that upon information given to the lords of our privy council , they shall be therefore severely punished , as the lords of our privy council shall see cause . and further , for the better releif of the country under the present great scarcity , whereby the prices of victual are arisen above the rates mentioned in the act of parliament for prohibiting the import of forraign victual ; we with advice foresaid , do hereby grant license and full liberty to all persons to import victual and corns , of all sorts , from any forraign kingdom or country , and that free of custom , excise , or other imposition ; and for that effect recommends it to the commissioners of our thesaury , to discharge the exacting thereof for the said victual to be imported as said is , after the day and date hereof , and that notwithstanding of any act of parliament or book of rates imposing the same ; declaring , that this license and liberty , is to endure until the first day of september next to come , and no longer . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and to the mercat-crosses of the remanent head-burghs of the several shires and stewartries within this kingdom , and there in our name and authority , by open proclamation , make intimation hereof , that none pretend ignorance . and ordains these presents to be printed . given under our signet at edinburgh the ninth day of june and of our reign the eight year , 1696 ex deliberatione dominorum secreti concilii . gilb , eliot cls. sti. concilii god save the king . edinburgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to his most excellent majesty , anno dom. 1696. a proclamation against regrating of victual, and fore-stallers, and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden. scotland. privy council. 1698 approx. 7 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05468 wing s1602 estc r183339 52528928 ocm 52528928 178981 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05468) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 178981) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2775:52) a proclamation against regrating of victual, and fore-stallers, and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1694-1702 : william ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to the kings most excellent majesty, edinburgh : 1698. caption title. intentional blank spaces in text. signed: gilb. eliot cls. sti. concili. dated at end: given under our signet at edinburgh, the fourteenth day of july, and of our reign the tenth year, 1698. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-10 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-12 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2009-01 scott lepisto sampled and proofread 2009-01 scott lepisto text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation against regrating of victual , and fore-stallers , and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden . william by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france and ireland , defender of the faith , to _____ macers of our privy council , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting : forasmuch as by several acts of parliament , the keeping of victual to a dearth , is strictly prohibited ; and particularly , it is statute by the acts james the second , parliament sixth , caput twenty two and twenty three , that for the eschewing of dearth , sheriffs , baillies , and other officers , both to burgh and to land , inquire what persons buys victual , and holds it to a dearth , and that the saids sheriffs and officers make such known , that in case they hold more than will sustain them and their meinȝie to new corn , they may be punished and demeaned as ockerers and usurers , and the victual escheated to us , and that the same be presented to mercats , and sold as the price goes : and by the act james the second , parliament ninth , caput thirty eighth and thirty ninth , it is ordained that no manner of victual be holden in girnels by any man to a dearth , but allennarly what is needful for their own persons , and sustentation of their housholds ; and that the saids persons present all that they have more to the mercar , under the pain of escheat thereof : and searchers are appointed in edinburgh and leith to make the saids acts effectual . as likewise , the crime of fore-stalling is forbidden by several acts and statutes , and particularly by the act james the sixth , parliament twelfth , caput one hundred and fourty eight , it is declared , that who buys any merchandise or victual coming to fair or mercat , or makes any contract or promise for the buying of the same before the said merchandice or victual shall be in the fair or mercat-place ready to be sold , or shall make any motion by word , writ , or message , for raising of the prices , or dearer selling of the said merchandice and victual , or who shall disswade any from coming and bringing the foresaid merchandice and victual to fair or mercat , shall be esteemed and judged a fore-staller : and it is ordained that all such fore-stallers may be pursued before the justices or magistrats of burghs , and that without a special libel , but only upon fore stalling in general , and the persons convict to be fined for the first fault in fourty pounds , for the second in one hundred merks , and for the third to incur the tinsell of moveables . and seing that through the not due observance , and the execution of the foresaids acts , the calamity of the countrey by the present scarcity and dearth is greatly increased : therefore we advice of the lords of our privy council , have thought fit to revive the same , and ordain them to be put to strict execution ; and for that effect to impower and require all sheriffs of shires , stewarts of stewartries , lords and baillies of regalities and their deputs , and magistrats of burghs , as likewise all commissioners of supply , and justices of peace , to cause inquiry and search to be made who holds up , or girnels victual , or keeps stacks contrary to the foresaids laws , and to command and charge the keepers up of the said victual in girnels , stacks , or otherways , contrary to the saids statutes , either to thresh out , bring and expose the same for sale in open and ordinary mercats , or otherwise to open their girnels , and other houses where the victual is kept , and there sell the same , as the saids sheriffs , stewarts of stewartries , lords and baillies of regalities and their deputs , and magistrats of burghs , or any two of the saids commissioners shal find the ordinary price to rule for the time in the countrey , not below the last candlesmass fiers ; with certification if they failȝie therein , they shall be proceeded against , and the pains of the foresaid acts of parliament execute upon them with all rigor : and in the mean time the victual girnelled , and unlawfully kept up as said is , arrested and sequestrat by the foresaids sheriffs and others , as escheat . and further , we with advice foresaid , command and charge all magistrats of burghs , and other officers of the law , to take care that all mercats and fairs be duly regulat conform to the laws , without extortion , and to cause put the foresaids acts of parliament against fore-stallers to due and vigorous execution , certifying the saids sheriffs , magistrats and others , who shall fail in their duty in the premisses , that upon information given to the lords of our privy council , they shall be therefore severely punished as the lords of our privy council shall see cause . and further , for the better relief of the country under the present great scarcity , whereby the prices of victual are arisen above the rates mentioned in the act of parliament for prohibiting the import of forraign victual : we with advice foresaid , do hereby grant license and full liberty to all persons to import victual , and corns of all sorts , from any forraign kingdom or countrey , and that free of custom , excise , or other imposition ; and for that effect recommends it to the commissioners of our thesaury , to discharge the exacting thereof for the said victual to be imported as said is , after the day and date hereof : and that notwithstanding of any act of parliament , or book of rates imposing the same , declaring that this license and liberty is to endure till the first day of october next to come . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly , and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and remanent mercat-crosses of the head-burghs of the several shires and stewartries within this kingdom , and thereat in our name and authority , make publication of the premisses , that none pretend ignorance : and ordains these presents to be printed . geven under our signet at edinburgh , the fourteenth day of july , and of our reign the tenth year , 1698. per actum dominorum secreti concilii . gilb . eliot cls. sti. concili . god save the king. edinbvrgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to the kings most excellent majesty , 1698. commission for examining witnesses anent the importation of irish victual. edinburgh, the 4th day of february, 1696. scotland. privy council. 1696 approx. 10 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05355 wing s1488 estc r183049 52528917 ocm 52528917 178935 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05355) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 178935) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2775:6) commission for examining witnesses anent the importation of irish victual. edinburgh, the 4th day of february, 1696. scotland. privy council. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson, printer to his most excellent majesty, edinburgh : anno dom. 1696. caption title. initial letter. signed: giln. eliot. cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng craufurd, david, 1665-1726. food law and legislation -scotland -early works to 1800. foreign trade regulation -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-10 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-12 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2009-01 scott lepisto sampled and proofread 2009-01 scott lepisto text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion commission for examining witnesses anent the importation of irish victual . edinbvrgh , the 4th day of february , 1696. the lords of his majesties privy council considering , that they by their former commissions granted by them to david crawfurd of drumsuie , and to his deputs and servants , and others to be appointed by him , for whom ( by the tenor of the saids commissions ) he is to be answerable , they have given full power , authority and commission to seize and apprehend all irish victual imported into this kingdom , within the bounds specified in the saids commissions , and to stave , sink and destroy the victual , and to take the boats , barks and other vessels wherein the same shall be imported , and dispose thereupon at their pleasure . and the saids lords being informed , that the said david crawfurd of drumsuie , and his deputs , servants and others imployed by him , and for whom ( conform to the tenor of the commissions ) he is answerable as said is , have been remiss and negligent in exercising the power committed to them by the saids commissions , and that he or his saids deputs and servants , has ( contrair to the tenor of the saids commissions , and bonds given by him and his cautioners at the granting thereof , ) suffered and permitted divers and sundry persons to import irish victual into this kingdom , at least have connived at the importation thereof ; therefore , and to the effect the truth of this matter may the better appear and be knowen , they hereby give full power and commission to the persons afternamed , and ilk ane of them , for their respective places and bounds after-specified , viz. to the magistrats of glasgow for the town of glasgow and suburbs thereof . to the magistrats of renfrew for the town and paroch of renfrew . to the magistrats of dumbartoun for the town and paroch of dumbartoun . to the baillie of the regality of lenox , _____ noble of ferme , and claud hamilton of barns for the paroches of cardross and kirkpatrick . to sir john campbell of carick for the isle of rosneath . to john m●carter of milntoun for the paroch of dinnoon . to the sheriff-deput of the shire of argile , and magistrats of the burgh of inverrary for the town of inverrary and places adjacent thereto . to john campbell of kildalin and the baillies of loch-head for the town and adjacent bounds of kintyre . to sir james stuart sheriff of b●te , _____ bannatine of kaims and the magistrats of rothesay for the isle of bute . to the duke of hamilton's baillie of arran for the isle of arran . to the baillie of the regality of glasgow for the town and paroch of govan . to the laird of houstoun younger and the town of glasgows baillie at new-port glasgow for the town of newark and paroch of kilmacomb . to the lairds of greenock and crawfurdsburn for the paroch of greenock . to the laird of blackhall , the laird of kellie younger , and william cunninghame brother to gilbertfield for the paroch of innerkip . to the lairds of kelburn , bishoptoun younger , hunterstoun , kellie elder , and auchinnames for the paroches of largs and cumrayer . to the lairds of hunterstoun , aslimyard , and john park of littledub for the bounds from the largs to kilwinning . to the magistrats of irwine sir william cunninghame of cunninghame-head , and the baillie of cunninghame for the towns and paroches of irwine and kilwinning . to the lairds of corsbie , adamtoun younger , and william baillie of muncktoun for the bounds from irwine to air. to the magistrats of air william cunnnghame of brounhill , and william mctaggart merchants there for the town and paroch of air. to james ross of garvan , and john muir late provost of air , for the bounds from air to the town of girvan . to james agnew younger of lochnam and mr. william fullertoun from the bounds from the mule of galloway to ballantree . to the magistrats of strenrawer for the town of strenrawer ; to call before them and examine , and take the declarations of all such persons living within the respective bounds foresaids , as they shall think fit , and to interrogat them upon the interrogators following , viz. primo , if it consists with their knowledge , that drumsuie or his deputs did grant any licences for importing victual from ireland , and if they did , that they declare what composition or good deed he or his deputs ●… take for the granting of the saids licences . secundo , if drumsuie or his deputs did connive at , and know of the importing of victual from ireland , and if th●● did not transact and agree with the persons who did import the same . tertio , if they did not exact sums of money from the boat-men , and owners of t●● boats , in which the irish victual was imported , and did deliver back the saids boats , and if they did not make transactions of this nature for the same boat ●●…ner than once . quarto , if drumsuie and his deputs , or any of them did know where the victual imported was , and did not make seasure thereof . quinto , t●… they declare in general what they know concerning the exactions imposed by drumsuie or his deputs upon merchants or others who did import the said irish v●…ual . sexto , that they be special as to the precise time , that is , that they condescend upon the month and year , persons and sums , and the witnesses who will prove the matter of fact condescended upon . and lastly , upon such other interrogators as the saids commissioners , or any of them shall think fit , to propose to the persons who shall appear before them anent drumsuie and his deputs , servants and others imployed by him , their malversation in suffering the importation of irish or other forraign victual into this kingdom by collusion , or otherways , and what exactions of money by way of composition or otherways they have made upon any of his majesties liedges , upon pretence of their having right to the boats , barks or vessels imployed in importing the said victual , or as fines for the causes foresaids , or transactions upon that account : with power to the saids commissioners to issue furth precepts for citing of the persons foresaids within their respective bounds above-set down , to appear before them upon such days as they shall appoint betwixt and the fifteenth day of march next to come ; with certification to the persons cited , that if they failȝie to appear before the saids commissioners , or compearing shall refuse to give information , and declare what they know in the matters foresaids , that they shall be called and conveened before the lords of his majesties privy council , and be punished as controveeners of the laws and acts of parliament made against the importing of irish or other forraign victual ; with power to the commissioners foresaids within their respective bounds above-set-down , to put the refusers under sufficient caution to appear before the saids lords of privy council , upon the first tuesday of the month of april next ; with power likeways to the saids commissioners to elect and choi●e their own clerk within their respective bounds , for whom they shall be answerable : and appoints the saids commissioners their clerk , to draw up the examinations and declarations of the persons foresaids , within their respective bounds authentickly in write , and cause the parties subscribe the same , and transmit the same subscrived also by the commissioners , and their clerk in their respective bounds to the saids lords of privy council , betwixt and the first tuesday of april next to come . and the saids lords of privy council do hereby declare , that the examinations or declarations to be emitted by the persons foresaids , shall no ways militat , nor be made use of against the saids persons themselves at any time coming : and allows thir presents to be printed , and appoints his majesties sollicitor to send printed copies thereof to the several commissioners therein-contained . extracted by me gilb . eliot . cls. sti. concilii . god save the king. edinbvrgh , printed by the heirs and successors of andrew anderson , printer to his most excellent majesty , anno dom. 1696. advertisement by the sheriff deput of aberdeen-shire undersubscryving in relation to the lords of councill their proclamation against forstallers, and allowing importation of victuall. whereas, i have received the said proclamation of date the ninth day of iune instant, and that the famen is of great import to be known generally to all in the countrey, there being few who may not be concerned therein; therefore i am advysed, and it is thought fit to cause re-print the same, to be read at each parish kirk within this shire, and whereof the tenor followes, proclamation against regraiting of victual, and forestallers, and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden. fraser, andrew, of kinmundie. 1696 approx. 10 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 3 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a26427 wing a609 estc r219319 99830802 99830802 35256 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a26427) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 35256) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2047:1) advertisement by the sheriff deput of aberdeen-shire undersubscryving in relation to the lords of councill their proclamation against forstallers, and allowing importation of victuall. whereas, i have received the said proclamation of date the ninth day of iune instant, and that the famen is of great import to be known generally to all in the countrey, there being few who may not be concerned therein; therefore i am advysed, and it is thought fit to cause re-print the same, to be read at each parish kirk within this shire, and whereof the tenor followes, proclamation against regraiting of victual, and forestallers, and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden. fraser, andrew, of kinmundie. 4 p. forbes, [aberdeen : 1696] caption title. imprint from wing. signed and dated at end: given at aberdeen the twenty fourth day of iune, one thousand six hundred and ninety six years, by me the said sheriff deput under subscryving. andrew fraser. reproduction of the original in the aberdeen city charter room. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food law and legislation -great britain -early works to 1800. 2006-12 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-01 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-02 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2007-02 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion advertisement by the sheriff deput of aberdeen-shire undersubscryving , in relation to the lords of councill their proclamation against forstallers , and allowing importation of victuall . whereas , i have received the said proclamation of date the ninth day of iune instant , and that the samen is of great import to be known generally to all in the countrey , there being few who may not be concerned therein ; therefore i am advysed , and it is thought fit to cause re-print the same , to be read at each parish kirk within this shire , and whereof the tenor followes , proclamation against regraiting of victual , and forestallers , and allowing the importation of victual free of publick burden . william by the grace of god , king of great britain , france and ireland ; defender of the faith , to macers of our privy councill , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially , constitute , greeting : forasmuch as by several acts of parliament , the keeping up of victual to a dearth , is strictly prohibited , and particularly , it is statute by the acts , iames the second parliament cap. sixth , twenty two and twenty three , that for the escheuing of dearth : sheriffs , bailies and other officers both to burgh , and to land ; inquire what persons buvs victual , and holds it to a dearth : and that the saids sheriffs and officers make such known , that in case they hold more then will sustain them , and their meinzie to new-corn they may be punished , and demeaned as ockerers and usurers ; and the victual escheared to us ▪ and that the same be presented to mercats , and sold as the price goes . and by the act iames the second parliament ninth cap thirty-eight and thirty-ninth , it is ordained that no manner of victual be holden in girnals by any man to a dearth , but allenerly what is needful for their own persons , and sustentation of their housholds and that the saids persons present all that they have more to the mercat , under the pain of escheat thereof : and searchers are appointed in edinburgh and lieth to make the saids acts effectual : as likewise , the crime of for-stalling is forbidden by several acts and statutes , and particularly by the act ▪ iames the sixth , parliament twelfth , cap. one hundred and fourty eight it is declared , that who buyes any merchandize , or victual coming to fair or mercat , or makes any contract or promise for the buying of the same , before the said merchandize or victual shall be in the fair or mercat-place ready to be sold , or shall make any motion by word , writ , or message for raising of the prices , or dearer selling of the said merchandise and victual ; or who shall diswade any from coming , and bringing the foresaid merchandize and victual to fair or mercat , shall be esteemed and iudged a forestaller ; and it is ordained that all such forestallers may be pursued before the iustices , or magistrats of burghs , and that without a special libel , but only upon forestalling in general , and the persons convict to be fined for the first fault in fourty pounds , for the second in one hundred merks , and for the third to incurr the tinsel of moveables . and seeing that through the not due observance , and the execution of the foresaids acts : the c●lamity of the countrey , by the present scarcity and dearth is greatly increased . therefore we with advice of the lords of our privy councill , have thought fit to revive the same , and ordain them to be put to strict execution , and for that effect , to impower and require all sheriffs of shires ; stewarts of stewartries , lords and bailies of regalities , and their deputs , and magistrats of burghs , as likewise all commissioners of supplie , and iustices of peace , to cause inquire , and search to be made , who holds up , or girnels victual or keeps stacks contrary to the foresaid laws , and to command and charge the keepers up of the said victual in girnels , stacks , or otherways contrary to the saids statutes either to thresh out , bring , and expose the same for sale , in open and ordinary mercats , or otherwise to open their girnels , and other houses where the victual is keeped , and there sell the same , as the said sheriffs , stewarts of stewartries ▪ lords and bailies of regalities , and their deputs , and magistrats of burghs , or any two of the saids commissioners , shall find the ordinary price to rule for the time in the country not below the last candlemass fiers , with certification that if they failzie therein , they shall be proceeded 〈◊〉 and the pains of the foresaids acts of parliament execute upon them with all rigour : and in the mean time the victual girneled , and unlawfully keeped up as said is , arreasted and sequestrat by the foresaid sheriffs and others as escheat . and further , we with advice foresaid , command and charge all magistrats of burghs , and other officers of the land to take care that all mercats and fairs be duely regulat , conform to the laws , without extortion , and to cause put the foresaid acts of parliament against forestallers to due and vigorous execution : certifying the foresaids sheriffs , magistrats and others , who shall fail in their duty in the premisses , that upon information given to the lords of our privy council , they shall be therefore severely punished , as the lords of our privy council shall see ▪ cause . and further , for the better releif of the country under the present great scarcity , whereby the prices of victual are a●…sen above the rates mentioned in the act of parliament for prohibiting the import of forraign victual , we with advice foresaid , do hereby grant little and full liberty to all persons to import victual and corn of all sorts ▪ from any forraign kingdom or countrey , and that free of custom , excise , or other imposition , and for that effect recommends it to the commissioners of our thesaury , to discharge the exacting thereof for the said victual to be imported as said is , after the day and date hereof , and that notwithstanding of any act of parliament or book of rates imposing the s●m● , declaring , that this license and liberty , is to endure until the first day of september next to come , and no longer . our will is herefore , and we charge you strictly and command , that incontinent these our letters seen , ye pass to the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and to the mercat-crosses and others in girnels now selling , or to be sold within shire , 〈◊〉 shall not exceed the sume of nine pound scots per 〈◊〉 in ready money ; as being the most ordinary current 〈◊〉 for the time , and proportionally , for greater or lesser qu●●tities of lawfull and standart measure : and in caice 〈◊〉 be sold upon trust , that it be sold for such reasonable 〈◊〉 proportionall rates to the said ready money , as may co●● with law , and without extortion upon the buyers . and these are also ordaining , that all in this shire who have co●… bear in stacks , or otherwayes preserved , shall cause thresh or sell ou● same at reasonable rates , proportinall to the foresaids prices , as the●● corn and bear would yeild in meal or malt , or make sell and dispo●● the same in meal or malt themselves ▪ by due sale at the rates fore●… and that none , whither heretor or merchant keep up girnels of vic●●●●… meal , bear or malt , or any quantity thereof , any manner of way , t●●● then will serve their own families to martinmass next at farthest ; ●…ifying such , whither in burgh or landwart , as shall doe in the con●… or shall be guilty of any manner of forestalling , or contraveening the laudible lawes and proclamation abovementioned , either by keeping 〈◊〉 victual of any kind , or taking for the same above the rates before ex●… or any way forestalling of mercats , prohibited by the saids lawes , upon complaint , or any discovery thereof , they will be persued legally punished conform to the acts of parliament and councill made against transgressors , and their forestalled victual , or other goods , seized made escheat in manner , therein prescryved , and that with all ri●… competent in law : and that none pretend ignorance , thir presen●●… ordained to be published at each parish kirk within this shire , by 〈◊〉 readers thereat the next lords day immediatly after divine service , duely kept by them to be furth coming for the use of all concer●●● for which this is warrand . given at aberdeen the twenty fourth day 〈◊〉 iune , one thousand six hundred and ninety six years , by me the said she●●●● deput under subscryving . andrew fraser . an appeal to all true english-men (if there be any such left), or, a cry for bread grascome, samuel, 1641-1708? 1699 approx. 29 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a41805 wing g1567 estc r43210 27021358 ocm 27021358 109914 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a41805) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 109914) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1718:17) an appeal to all true english-men (if there be any such left), or, a cry for bread grascome, samuel, 1641-1708? 7 p. s.n., [london? : 1699?] caption title. published anonymously. by samuel grascome. cf. halkett & laing (2nd ed.) publication information suggested by wing. reproduction of original in bodleian library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng bread. food supply -england. great britain -economic conditions -17th century. 2007-11 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-11 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-01 elspeth healey sampled and proofread 2008-01 elspeth healey text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion an appeal to all true english-men , ( if there be any such left , ) or , a cry for bread . the philosopher having invited some curious wits , and perhaps no dull palats ▪ to an entertainment ; when the table was spread , and plentifully furnished with variety of excellent dishes , and the guess set ; instead of falling on ▪ and eating ( as was expected ) they all sat gazing on one another , no man offering to touch any thing : at which , the master of the feast amazed , looks about to see if he could discover what should be the reason that his guests did not mind their meat , and instantly he perceived that there was no bread on the board . a greater error than perhaps some may think it ; for the most delicious viands without bread are not savory ▪ or at least will not be long so . let other dainties be what they will , bread is the standing dish : with those we may please our palats , but without that we cannot live. so that the proverb hath only done it justice , in telling us , that bread is the staff of life : and that country is most highly esteemed which can best secure its inhabitants from the want of it . now our own dear country of england has been thought to yield to none for fruitfulness in corn , and consequently for fulness of bread. of old it , and sicily , were accounted the roman granaries ; though now it is quite another thing , and every way for the better : for considering how much the art and industry of the husband-man at this time o' th' day excels those of former times , and how much the ground is cleared from roughs , woods , forests , fens , and such kind of unprofitable or useless places , as anciently eat up a great part of the island , it may now be modestly judged to be capable of producing four times the quantity of grain which it did in roman times ; though then it was thought that it might vye with any other place in the world. and i have heard some men , who neither wanted parts nor experience , strenuously argue , and with seeming sound reason conclude , that since the improvement in the northern and western parts , it is impossible that there should ever be any thing like a famine in england , supposing corn were not half a crop , which rarely happens . these things being so plain , we might perhaps think our selves the happiest people under the sun , if we could fill our bellies with reasons ; but i never knew an hungry stomach surfeit with arguments : a piece of bread and cheese is more worth to such a one than all the fine talk in the world ; and in spite of all that has or can be said , we find even in this fruitful country such a famine of bread coming upon us , as is likely to pinch the rich and starve the poor . and what shall we do in this case ? shall we believe those who tell us , that we cannot want in such a country as this ? i fear our gnawing stomachs will not suffe●… our vnderstandings to be gull'd in a matter of this nature . what then ? shall we lie down , and dye ? shall we , like a parcel of sots and fools , tamely sink under the malady , and pine away the miserable remainder of our days without further care ? or shall we try , if there be any remedy ? certainly those men have lost both their wits and senses too , who would not use their utmost endeavors to prevent such a general mischief as this . now if we will seriously , and to any purpose , seek after a remedy , we must first make enquiry after the true cause of our want ; for if we can take away that , our old plenty will return . well country-men ! shall we send hui and cry after the cause of this mischief and misery ? any man will say there is little need of that : for if it were possible to find out so meer a cockney as never saw a field of corn in his life ; yet if you should ask him what might be the reason of want of bread , he would presently tell you want of corn ; and would say , that he were a most impudent fellow who should affirm , that there could be any want of bread in a country , which at the same time afforded plenty of corn ▪ and yet such a paradox as this i must maintain , if i will speak truth ; and shew you the true reason of your present want of bread , which is daily like to be greater . indeed if the earth had play'd the step-mother , and proved unkind to us , it would then have concerned us to have sent abroad , and furnished our selves from other countries which have to spa●e , as hath been the practice and prudence of some of our neighbors , especially france of late , whose policy it were better to imitate than starve . but that is not the case ; if we might enjoy ▪ our own , we need trouble no body else . for i dare boldly affirm , that for twenty years last past , there hath scarce been a better general crop of bread-corn , than was this year , and the last . as for the last year , what i say will be easily granted ; yea , i verily believe , that it produced enough to furnish us for that year , and this too , if an honest use had been made of it . as for this year , i find many possessed with another opinion , which i cannot but admire ; for i have had occasion to view the corn in several counties : and in spite of any dutch-man alive , will pretend to some understanding of it ; and i every where found bread-corn a good crap ; nay , wheat to the eye seemed to out-do that of the last year . and though i do not think it to be really altogether so good , yet is it a crop not to be complained of , and under which we need know no want . and though a thousand new-fashion'd , sham , dutch transubstantiation arguments were brought against this , yet they shall never perswade me out of my senses . i will therefore lay this down for a certain conclusion ; that the reason of our scarcity is not from the products of the earth , or for want of a crop. you will say then , what is the reason ? if you please , country-men , we will first examine those reasons that pass for current , and then see if we can find out the true one . some think , that it may contribute something to our scarcity , that in many places they are not able to manage their harvest , and want hands to get in their corn. this , i confess , is a very deplorable thing ; and , if true , makes the matter much worse . for if we already want hands to get our corn , by reason that those who used to assist in that matter are gone for soldiers , or knockt o' th' head ; in a while it will be in danger to come to this pass , that we shall want hands to till and sow the ground , and so we shall have no corn at all . but however , this cannot be the reason of our present scarcity : for want of hands may be a reason for a more tedious harvest , or may let corn receive some damage ; but this , if by chance it make it something worse , yet it makes it nothing less : it may abate of the pleasantness , but brings no want to our door . and the very same thing may be said as to unseasonable weather in many places ; and therefore i shall give that objection no further answer . but to be short , the great cry , and generally received opinion is , that there hath been such a general blast , as hath destroyed or spoiled the corn ; that it is full of choler , or black ears ; and that other ears are light , yea often quite empty . and thus we are striving to make that the hand of god , which is the fruits of our own folly. it were just with him to deal thus with so wicked a nation ; but he hath not done so you ▪ and it were the height of ingratitude to charge him as plaguing us with famine , when he blesseth us with plenty . i do not say , there is no blast ; some little foundation there hath been for this complaint , which hath been strangely spread and improv'd by those who are the real cause of our evils ; and then being entertain'd by silly frightful people , who if they hear of a blast , verily believe all the corn to be spoiled , it got greater credit . and no doubt ●●u● it hath been encouraged by the farmer , with a design to advance his market . but this i say , and i make no doubt plainly to prove it , that the blast is not the cause of the present scarcity , and dearness of corn. to this end , i shall consider the utmost that in all likelihood it can affect us . i grant , that the blast hath been very busy , especially in some places , as near the sea-coast , and in those countries , which rarely change their seed , where there is always some blast , more or less : yea , considering the backwardness of the year , i am apt to think there may be a great deal of small grain , especially in chalky land , where the clevel is always less than in clay , mixt , or chiselly earth . yea further , suppose that the corn were no where altogether so bold as it was the last year ; yet , for all this , we might have had corn enough , and good , cheap . for though the yeomen of kent ( whose country is very subject to blast , for which particular reasons might be given ) make great complaint ; and their out-cry , by reason of their neighborhood , doth much affect the citizens , yet in many places the blast is very inconsiderable . and i have seen , this very year , many and large fields of corn free from black ears , though not from some light ears ; and i never knew any crop of corn altogether free . this ought also to be observed , that wheat was thicker on the ground this year than the last ; ( which all allow to be a great crop ) and if more straws , consequently there must be more ears of corn : so that if we should suppose the blast to have destroyed every third ear of corn ( which i believe it hath not done the tenth ) there would have been a sufficient crop to have supplied the lan● , without making corn dear . and then if we reckon upon the old stock which remained , or ought to have remained , from the last years plenty , we might as reasonably have expected to have seen wheat sold now at 3 s. or 3 s. 6 d. a bushel ▪ or ( as some call it ) a strike , as in former years . by this time i expect some should grow testy , and say , if this be not the reason ▪ what is ? for nothing can be more plain ●●an that corn is dear , and continues rising , to the endangering of many thousands of poor , perishing for want . now i could give as plain a reason for it , if an honest english-man might speak with safety ; for we are now under dutch comptrollers , and as nothing must be done , so nothing must be said , that may be offensive to the hogen mogens : however i will out with it ; and if my country-men will not see , they may be blind , til they are starved : for i can do no more for them , than to tell them the plain truth . ●…nd to speak all in a word , it is a dvtch blast that makes this scarcity , and will make it greater . those dear friends of ours , for whom we have spent our bloud , and our estates , ( i am unwilling to say damn'd our souls too ) that we might raise and keep them at this height , now carry away our corn at that rate , that if joseph's granaries were among us , they would make a dearth , if they are suffered to go on . ten , twenty , or thirty ships going out together from one port of ours , laden with corn , are not worth our taking notice of ; but as they have drove this trade very briskly of late , and continue so to do , so it is not one port alone which they ply : but that if possible you may be sensible , that these horse-leeches would suck you very last drop of bloud ; i will lay a kind of scheme before you , together with the arts by which our corn is drawn from us . our northern seas , from whence we only cross to holland , and they to us , are now the safest of all others , by reason that no enemy can come thither . but either about scotland , or by the downs ; and so will be in continual danger of falling into the mouths of the english or dutch men of war ; which makes the privateers and pirates have little kindness for that road : so that our corn-carriers have a safe and quick passage to and from all our ports on that coast , even from the south-foreland to tinmouth-haven , and further , if there be any thing to be had for them . and this range takes in upon our sea-coast these counties , kent , essex , suffolk , norfolk , lincoln , york and durham : and in in these counties these ports , dover , sandwich , margate , colchester , harwich , yarmouth , boston , hull , newcastle , and above a hundred other places ; where they may either put in ; or with their boats fetch off corn to their ships : and to all these ports they have already well plyed , and tolerably well drained them . but lest you should imagine that this only affects these maritine counties , i will demonstrate to you how , by this means , they draw the corn from all parts , even out of the very heart of the country . for where there are navigable rivers corn will most certainly run after the price , and travel to sea ; if more be bid for it there , than on land. and the farmer ( let who will starve ) by hook or by crook , by night or by day , will convey it away , if the market please him : and so our corn shall go as far as the river reaches , or they will carry it to it . for instance ; suppose the corn vessels come into boston-deep , with a design to take in lading at boston , or lynn , and other places thereabout , here fall into the sea ( amongst others ) three rivers navigable a very considerable way up into the country : the welland , navigable up as far as stamford , a town bordering upon three counties , lincoln , northampton , and rutland . 2. the nine , running through lincolnshire , continues navigable beyond peterborough in northamplonshire . and 3dly , the ●use , which cutting through norfolk , and the isle of ely , skirting cambridgeshire , takes in the cham , which is navigable up to cambridge ; and then passing on to st. ives , and hantingdon , and so onward into the very bowels of the country ; in all , affects si● counties ; though i cannot justly say how far navigable . next . if you please , we will convey our corn vessels to hull , where they have been so often already , that by this time hey may know the way themselves : this stands upon the humber , which is a confluence of rivers , into which ( not to name any other ) runs the trent ; which passing through part of yorkshire continues his current through lincolnshire , and nottinghamshire , and by leicestershire , travelling through some of our best corn countries into the very heart of the kingdom , and is navigable within six miles of darby . but not to trouble you with many others , i think the thames ought not to be forgotten ; which one way brings up the ●rain of kent and essex , and the other way carries down and drains away 〈◊〉 stores of harfordshire , middlesex , surry , berkshire , buckinghamshire , and oxfordshire : and here , in ●nd about the city , our dearly beloved darling dutch-men are continually playing their do●-tricks . sometimes they traffick for our corn with open face ; and when that becomes notorious , and grows distastful , then they deal underhand ; and so many guineas are given to a factor to buy so many thousand quarters of wheat in his own name ; or to a brower to buy so many thousand quarters of male : and this is no sooner privately , or under a colour delivered , but it is as speedily conveyed away : for a jugler cannot play his tricks more nimbly , than these whipsters . now from all these parts , which i have mentioned , they have already carried vast quantities of corn ; so that it is not possible their trade should hold there long , unless they would leave us nothing at all ; and then when they are forced to go a little further a field , along the channel lie several counties fruitful in corn ; as suffex , hampshire , dorset , and devonshire : and then , if you come about into the channel of bristol , the severn will bring corn to you out of the very middle of england ; for touching upon herefordshire , and running through glocestershire , worcestershire and shropshire ▪ in takes in also the avon , which is navigable as far as stratford , within six miles of warwick ; which , with coventry , are stiled our vrbes mediterraneoe . it is further to be observed , that there is scarce any part of england , which is good corn land , but it is within two days journy of some navigable river : now to fetch in that land which the water of it self will not , they have this trick ; they , or their agents , go to the farmer 's house , and agree with him for so many loads of corn to be delivered at a certain place , perhaps twenty or thirty miles distant , where they can send it away by water , or have easy conveyances . thus where the river will not lead them to the corn , they bring the corn to the river ; and thus these ingenious rogues will not leave a mouse-hole unferretted , out of which they will not fetch our corn : and if they be suffered to hold on this trade , for any thing i know , the rich as well as the poor may in a short time be glad to leap at a crust . whatever the crying sins or villanous contrivances of men may effect , doubtless the creator , who is a god of goodness . never originally designed one nation to undo another . but such are the variety of products , and withal the particular necessities of particular countries , that it should seem god designed to oblige them to help and succour each other . if therefore the dutch were in want of corn , it were good reason that we should help them , so as not to hurt our selves : but even then , it were no reason that we should starve our selves to make them abound ; and they would deserve never to find help at need , who should attempt or but desire such a thing : yet this , and worse , do these infatiable sooterkins now endeavour to bring to pass . they do not fetch away our corn for any want , but with design to compleat our ruin : they are not without three or four years provisions before-hand ; and when they have advanced it to that rate , that thousands amongst us must perish , because they cannot reach the price , then perhaps they may be so charitable as to sell us some of our own corn again . this , no prudent nation under heaven would offer to any people , whom they did not think so altogether insensible , that the deepest injuries could not move them ; but in the dutch , it is insufferable and unpardonable as to us : for we all along supported them in their lowest condition ; we held up their heads , when they could not swim ; we raised them to a state , or else they had sink in their bogs : and 〈◊〉 as soon as they were able , they flew in our faces . nevertheless in all streights we still upheld them ; and at this very time ▪ our men fight their battles , our money pays their charges , our fleet it unreasonably hazarded for their safety ; we suffer them to engross our trade ; they hector and domineer in our country ; they buy the estates of our impoverished gentry , and dutch pages are made english nobles . nay , even the flower of the crown-revenues is given to a base-born fellow ; as if he who came young , with his pack at his back to the loo , to beg a service , were shortly to the made prince of wales : and yet all this will not do , unless they may s●●●p our mouths , or ( which is worse ) cause us miserably to languish ▪ away for want of bread , whilst our country affords plenty . thus we have nourished a monster to devour us ; and have so long , and so egregiously play'd the fool , that we are not the pity , but the scorn of all nations . i have thus , in short , laid before you the plain reason ; and true cause of this growing scarcity ; the remedy is not my province , nor in my power , though i could wish it were , for my countries sake : but to quicken you to seek for a remedy in time , before it be too late ; as i have shewed you the cause , so i will briefly touch upon what in likelihood may be the effects and tendencies of this destructive ( and yet connived at ) practice . first , our country will be filled with the lamentable doleful crys of famishing persons : those , whose modesty will not suffer them to beg , nor their consciences to steal , must the soonest languish into their graves ; and so the best must perish first . others , who will not endure to want , if it can be any ways supplied , will fall to pilfering and stealing ; and so will be driven to this sad choice , either to be hanged or starved : and this very thing will fill the country with violence , and peoples hearts with horror and fear ; when a man cannot go to bed , but with an apprehension that his house or barns will be broke open before morning and perhaps their throats cut in their beds to boot . others , endeavouring to prolong a wearisome life , will fall to begging : and those who are once habituated to that trade scarce ever leave it ; so that if they chance to survive the famine , they will stock our country with an idle unprofitable sort of cattle , good for nothing , but consume the fruits of the earth : and when things are brought to this pass , the richest will be but in an ill condition . but in the next place , pardon me if i do believe that one design of these dutch practices is , that they may sport themselves with our miseries : for those , who have observed their ingratitude and insolent humour , and have read or heard of their unparallel'd barbarities and cruelties all over the world , must acknowledge them to be a people who are not pleased with any thing so much , as the miseries of others ; and then most of all , when it is by their own procurement . they are proud of , and glory in such practices . another design of theirs , i think to be , to serve their turns of our men , and to thin our country , in hopes in time to be absolute masters of it : for when men want both bread , and money to buy it , and have little hopes of relief by begging , and are unwilling to be hang'd for stealing , they will be very free to become soldiers ; especially if it be but for this privilege , that if you will not give the soldier bread , he takes it : this serves the turn for a while ; but then on a sudden they are commanded into flanders , where they are put upon all desperate attempts , till their few brains are knockt out , and there 's an end of them ; it is but sending hither for more recruits , till the kingdom is so dispeopled , that they may quietly enter upon , and take possession of it , without any disturbance . but not to trouble you any further , i cannot but think their main design to be , to see what they can bring us to ; and whether we be already fitted , or can be fitted , to make dutch● slaves . for those who have suffered their men , their money , their trade , to be taken away ; and after this , will suffer the bread to be taken out of their mouths , and be content to starve quietly ; doubtless these men will suffer any thing : and so they may , if they please ; for who shall hinder them from starving who have a mind to it ? or who shall pity them if they do starve , who have bread enough , and are able to keep it , and yet tamely suffer others to carry it away from them ? i think such senseless sots before were never heard of : but if this will hold , farewell the fortune of england . if i were a person of any considerable interest or authority in the government , i would suggest to them this one consideration : those , who are best affected to the government , will own , that some things not very commendable have been done , which yet have been justified by the pleas of necessity , the inclination of the people , or publick good. now i am sure there cannot be many things more necessary than the maintaining life ; and if the peoples inclination should not lead them to have bread , and to have it as cheap as may be reasonably expected , i should think them ten times madder than they are : and i believe none will question , but that plenty is more for the publick good than famine . so that without any sham , or pretences , here is a real and plain necessity that our corn be stopt , or we otherwise provided for ; and over and above , the thing is just , commendable , and popular , and withal may be easily done ; which , one would think , should invite some of our great seven to engage in it . it hath also been observable , in all governments whatsoever , that want of bread hath made the people become mutinous , troublesom , and sometimes very dangerous ; so that the provision mentioned is not only honest , but prudent and safe . and therefore , i hope , that upon due consideration such care will be taken , that at least we may keep what corn is left : but if after all no course be taken , and after mature consultation it shall be thought more necessary to starve than relieve the people , i shall leave it to others to enquire into the mystery ; for it is such reason of state , as i can neither understand , nor approve ; and such as i believe no mortal ever before heard of . but i know not what heavier or more dreadfull judgment can befal us , than for english-men to become their own executioners . quos deus vult perdere , dementat priùs . finis . the great eater, of kent, or part of the admirable teeth and stomacks exploits of nicholas wood, of harrisom in the county of kent his excessiue manner of eating without manners, in strange and true manner described, by iohn taylor. taylor, john, 1580-1653. 1630 approx. 30 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 13 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-07 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a13456 stc 23761 estc s118214 99853422 99853422 18805 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a13456) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 18805) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1475-1640 ; 1036:13) the great eater, of kent, or part of the admirable teeth and stomacks exploits of nicholas wood, of harrisom in the county of kent his excessiue manner of eating without manners, in strange and true manner described, by iohn taylor. taylor, john, 1580-1653. [4], 20 p. printed by elizabeth allde, for henry gosson, and are to be sold on london bridge, london : 1630. reproduction of the original in the henry e. huntington library and art gallery. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng wood, nicholas, -of harrison, kent. food habits -england -early works to 1800. 2000-00 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2001-06 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2001-08 tcp staff (michigan) sampled and proofread 2003-03 spi global rekeyed and resubmitted 2003-04 olivia bottum sampled and proofread 2003-04 olivia bottum text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-06 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the great eater , of kent , or part of the admirable teeth and stomacks exploits of nicholas wood , of harrisom in the county of kent . his excessive manner of eating withovt manners , in strange and true manner described , by iohn taylor . london , printed by elizabeth allde , for henry gosson , and are to be sold on london bridge . 1630. to the most famovs , infamovs , high and mighty feeder , nicholas wood , great and grand gurmandizer of harrisom in the county of kent . most exorbitant paunchmonger , i hauing taken much vnnecessary paines in writing these fewe collections of your deseruing acts , in memory thereof haue erected this monument of incke and paper . herostratus was famous for burning the temple of diana in ephesus : dedalus for flying in the ayre , and leander for swimming ouer the hellespontick sea : so by this small treatise of your vertues , will your vnmatchable exploits be preserued to posterity , that time , or obliuion shall neuer eate out or deuoure the happy memory of your eating ; yet ( not to flatter you ) though you are the absolutest man of mouth , and the most renowned stifgut in this westerne angle of the world , yet we haue as great or greater faters then your selfe , which are scarcely thought vpon : there are some , that with the vnsauoury sawce of enuy , will eate vp a mans name and reputation , and leaue nothing but the bones and scraps of infamy and scandall ; some eate vp whole lordships without mannours , and some deuoure mannours and leaue nothing but bare lordships : your exercise is onely for the maw , and your excellency consists totally in crambo ; i haue done my best to please and pleasure you . and not knowing where to finde a fit patron , i am bold to dedicate it to your digestion , wishing that your teeth & stomack may be euer sharpe-set , and that your meate may be wanting before your appetite . yours , he that not onely admire and wonders at you , but hath taken these insuing paines , to make the world anmire with him , iohn taylor . the great eater of kent . records and histories doe make memorable mention of the diuersitie of qualities of sundry famous persons , men and women , in all the countries and regions of the world , how some are remembred for their piety and pitty ; some for iustice ; some for seuerity , for learning , wisedome , temperance , constancie , patience , with all the vertues diuine , and morall : some againe haue purchased a memory for greatnesse and talnesse of body ; some for dwarfish smalnesse ; some for beautifull outsides , faire feature and composition of limbs and stature ; many haue gotten an earthly perpetuity for cruelty and murther , as nero , commodus , and others : for leachery , as heliogabalus : for drunkennesse , tiberius , ( alias biberius : ) for effeminacy , as sardanapalus : for gluttony , aulus vitellius , who at one supper was serued with two thousand sorts of fishes , and seuen thousand fowles , as suetonius writes in his ninth booke , and iosephus in his fifth booke of the iewes warres . caligula was famous for ambition , for hee would bee ador'd as a god , though he liu'd like a deuill , poysoning his vnkle and deflowring all his sisters : and in all ages and countries , time hath still produc'd particular persons , men & women , either for their vertues or their vices , to be remembred , that by meditating on the good , we may bee imitating their goodnesse , and by viewing the bad , we might be eschewing their vices . to descend lower to more familiar examples , i haue knowne a great man very expert on the iewes-harpe ; a rich heire excellent at noddy , a iustice of the peace skilfull at quoytes ; a marchants wife a quicke gamester at irish ( especially when she came to beating of men ) that she would seldome misse entring . monsieur la ferr a french-man , was the first inuentor of the admirable game of double-hand , hot-cockles , & gregorie dawson an english man , deuised the vnmatchable mystery of blind-man-buffe . some haue the agility to ride poast , some the facility to runne poast ; some the dexterity to write poast , and some the ability to speake poast : for i haue heard a fellow make a hackney of his tongue , & in a moment he hath gallop'd a lye from china to london , without bridle or saddle . others doe speake poast , in a thicke shuffling kind of ambling-trot , and that in such speede , that one of them shall talke more in one quarter of an houre , then shall be vnderstood in seuen yeeres . and as euery one hath particular qualities to themselues , and dissonant from others , so are the manners of liues ( or liuings ) of all men and women various one from another ; as some get their liuing by their tongues , as interpreters , lawyers , oratours , and flatterers ; some by tayles , as maquerellaes , concubines , curtezanes , or in plaine english , whores ; some by their feete , as dancers , lackeyes , foot-men , and weauers , and knights of the publicke or common order of the forke ; some by their braines , as politicians , monopolists , proiectmongers , suit-ioggers , and stargazers ; some ( like the salamander ) liue by fire , as the whole race of tubalcaine , the vulcanean broode of blacksmiths , fire-men , colliers , gunners , gun-founders , and all sorts of mettle-men ; some like the cameleon , by the ayre , and such are poets , trumpetters , cornets , recorders , pipers , bag-pipers ; and some by smoake , as tobacconists , knights of the vapour , gentlemen of the whiffe , esquires of the pipe , gallants in fumo ; some liue by the water as herrings doe , such are brewers , vintners , dyers , mariners , fisher-men , and scullers ; and many like moles liue by the earth , as griping vsurers , racking land-lords , toyling plowmen , moyling labourers , painefull gardners , and others . amongst all these before mentioned , and many more which i could recite , this subiect of my pen is not ( for his qualitie ) inferiour to any : and as neere as i can , i will stretch my wit vpon the tenters , to describe his name and character , his worthy actes shall be related after in due time duely . and , be it knowne vnto all men , to whom these presents shall come , that i iohn taylor , waterman of saint sauiours in southwarke , in the county of surrey , the writer hereof , &c. will write plaine truth , bare and threed-bare , and almost starke-naked-truth , of the descriptions , and remarkable , memorable actions of nicholas wood , of the parish of harrisom in the county of kent , yeoman , for these considerations following . first , i were to blame to write more then truth , because that which is knowne to be true , is enough . secondly , that which is onely true , is too much . thirdly , the truth will hardly be beleeued , being so much beyond mans reason to conceiue . fourthly , i shall runne the hazzard to bee accounted a great lyer , in writing the truth . lastly , i will not lye , on purpose to make all those lyers that esteeme me so . yet by your leaue , master critick , you must giue me licence to flourish my phrases , to embellish my lines , to adorne my oratory , to embroder my speeches , to enterlace my words , to draw out my sayings , and to bumbaste the whole suite of the businesse for the time of your wearing . for though truth appeareth best bare in matters of iustice , yet in this i hold it decent to attire her with such poore raggs as i haue , in stead of robes . first then ; the place of his birth , and names of his parents are to me a meere terra incognita , as farre from my knowledge , as content from a vsurer , or honesty from a bawde , but if hee be no christian , the matter is not much , hee will serue well enough for a man of kent ; and if his education had beene as his feeding , it is euident he had been of most mighty breeding ; he hath gotten a foule name , but i know not if it came to him by baptisme , for it is partly a nick-name , which in the totall is nicholas , i would abate him but a saint , and call him nicholas shambles , and were the goodnesse of his purse answerable to the greatnesse of his appetite , out of all question , no man below the moone would be a better customer to a shambles then he , for though he be chaste of his body , yet his minde is onely vpon flesh , he is the onely tugmutton , or muttonmonger betwixt douer and dunbarr : for hee hath eaten a whole sheepe of sixteene shillings price , raw at one meale ( pardon me ) i thinke hee left the skin , the wooll , the hornes , and the bones : but what talke i of a sheepe , when it is apparantly knowne , that he hath at one repast and with one dish , feasted his carkas with all manner of meates ? all men will confesse that a hogge will eate any thing , either fish , flesh , fowle , root , herbe , or excrement , and this same noble nick nicholas , or nicholas nick , hath made an end of a hogge all at once , as if it had bin but a rabbet sucker , and presently after , for fruit to recreate his palate , he hath swallowed three peckes of damsons , thus ( philosophically ) by way of a chimicall infusion , as a hogge will eate all things that are to be eaten , so he in eating the hogge , did in a manner of extraction distill all manner of meates thorow the limbeck of his paunch . but hold a little , i would be loath to cloy my reader with too much meate and fruit at once , so that after your sheepe , hogge and damsons , i thinke it best to suffer you to pawse and picke your teeth ( if you haue any ) whilst i spend a few words more in paraphrasing vpon his surname . wood is his appellation , denomination , or how you please to tearme it some of the ancient philosophers haue compared man to a tree with the bottome vpwards , whose roote is the braine , the armes hands , fingers , legges , feete and toes , are the limbs , and branches , the comparison is very significant , many trees doe bring forth good fruit , so doe some fewe men ; some stately trees growe high and faire , yet stand for nothing but shades , and some men grow high and lofty , yet are nothing but shaddows ; some trees are so malignant , that nothing can prosper vnder the compasse of their branches ; and some men are so vnlucky , that very few can thriue in their seruice . and as of one part of a tree a chaire of state may be made , and of another part a carued image , and of a third part a stoole of office ; so men , being compounded and composed all of one mould and mettle , are different and disconsonant in estates , conditions , and qualities . too many ( like the barren fig-tree ) beare leaues of hypocrisie , but no fruites of integrity , who serue onely for a flourish in this life , and a flame in that hereafter . so much for that : now to returne to my theame of wood , ( indeed this last disgression may make my reader thinke that i could not see wood for trees ) what wood he is , i know not , but by his face he should be maple , or crab-tree , and by his stomacke , sure he is heart of oake ; some say he is a meddler , but by his stature , he seemes like a low short pine , and certaine i am , that hee is popular , a well tymberd piece , or a store house for belly tymber . now gentlemen , as i haue walked you amongst the trees , and thorow the wood , i pray set downe , and take a taste or two more of this banquet . what say you to the leafe or flecke of a brawne new kild , to be of weight eight pound , and to be eaten hot out of the bores belly raw ? much good doe you gallants , was it not a glorious dish ? and presently after ( in stead of suckets , twelue raw puddings . i speake not one word of drinke all this while , for indeed he is no drunkard , hee abhorres that swinish vice : alehouses , nor tapsters cannot nick this nick with froth , curtoll cannes , tragicall blacke-pots , and double-dealing bumbasted iugges , could neuer cheate him , for one pinte of beere or ale is enough to wash downe a hog , or water a sheepe with him . two loynes of mutton , and one loyne of veale were but as three sprats to him : once at sir warrham saint leigers house , and at sir william sydleyes he shewed himselfe so valiant of teeth , and stomacke , that hee ate as much as would well haue seru'd and suffic'd thirty men , so that his belly was like to turne bankerupt and breake , but that the seruing-men turn'd him to the fire , and anoynted his paunch with greace and butter , to make it stretch and hold ; and afterwards being layd in bed , hee slept eight houres , and fasted all the while : which when the knight vnderstood , he commanded him to be laid in the stocks , and there to endure as long time as he had laine bed rid with eating . pompey the great , alexander the great , tamberlane the great , charlemagne or charles the great , arthur the great : all these gat the title of great , for conquering kingdomes , and killing of men ; and surely eating is not a greater sinne then rapine , theft , manslaughter and murther . therefore this noble eatalian doth well deserue the tytle of great : wherefore i instile him nicholas the great ( eater : ) and as these forenamed greats haue ouerthrowne and wasted countreyes , and hosts of men , with the helpe of their soldiers and followers ; so hath our nick the great , ( in his owne person ) without the helpe or ayde of any man , ouercome , conquered , and deuouted in one weeke , as much as would haue sufficed a reasonable and sufficient army in a day , for hee hath at one meale made an assault vpon seuen dozen of good rabbets at the lord wootons in kent , which in the totall is foure-score , which number would well haue suffic'd a hundred , three-score and eight hungry soldiers , allowing to each of them halfe a rabbet . bell , the famous idoll of the babylonians , was a meere imposture , a iuggling toye , and a cheating bable , in comparison of this nicholaitan , kentish tenterbelly , the high and mighty duke all-paunch , was but a fiction to him . milo the crotonian could hardly be his equall : and woolner of windsor was not worthy to bee his foot-man . a quarter of fat lambe , and three-score eggs haue beene but an easie colation , and three well larded pudding-pyes he hath at one time put to foyle , eighteene yards of blacke puddings ( london measure ) haue suddenly beene imprisoned in his sowse-tub . a ducke raw with guts , feathers , and all ( except the bill & the long feathers of the wings ) hath swomme in the whirlepole or pond of his mawe , and he told me , that three-score pound of cherries was but a kind of washing meate , and that there was no tacke in them , for hee had tride it at one time . but one iohn dale was too hard for him at a place called lennam , for the said dale had laid a wager that he would fill woods belly , with good wholesome victuals for 2. shillings , & a gentleman that laid the contrary , did wager , that as soone as noble nick had eaten out dales 2. shillings , that he should presently enter combate with a worthy knight , called sir loyne of beefe , & ouerthrow him ; in conclusion , dale bought 6. pots of potent , high , and mighty ale , and twelue new penny white loaues , which hee sop'd in the said ale , the powerfull fume whereof , conquer'd the conqueror , rob'd him of his reason , bereft him of his wit , violently tooke away his stomacke , intoxicated his ●i●mater , & entred the sconce of his pericranion , blinde folded him with sleep ; setting a nap of nine houres for manacles vpon his threed-bare eyelids , to the preseruation of the rost beefe , and the vnexpected winning of the wager . this inuincible ale , victoriously vanquish'd the vanquisher , and ouer our great triumpher , was triumphant : but there are presidents enow of as potent men as our nicholas , that haue subdued kings and kingdomes , and yet they themselues haue beene captiu'd and conquer'd by drinke ; wee need recite no more examples but the great alexander , and holophernes , their ambition was boundlesse , and so is the stomacke of my pens subiect , for all the foure elements cannot cloy him , fish from the deepest ocean , or purest riuer , fairest pond , foulest ditch , or dirtiest puddle . he hath a receite for fowle of all sorts , from the wren to the eagle , from the titmouse to the estrich , or cassawaraway , his paunch is either a coope or a roost for them : he hath ( within himselfe ) a stall for the oxe , a roome for the cow , a stye for the hogge , a parke for the deere , a warren for coneies , a store-house for fruit , a dayery for milke , creame , curds , whay , butter-milke , and cheese : his mouth is a mill of perpetuall motion , for let the wind or the water rise or fall , yet his teeth will euer bee grinding ; his guts are the rendez-vous or meeting place or burse for the beasts of the fields , the fowles of the ayre , and fishes of the sea ; and though they be neuer so wild or disagreeing in nature , one to another , yet hee binds or grindes them to the peace , in such manner , that they neuer fall at odds againe . his eating of a sheepe , a hog , and a duck raw , doth shew that he is free from the sinne of nicenesse or his curiosity in dyet . ( it had beene happy for the poore , if their stomacks had beene of that constitution , when seacoales were so deare here . ) besides , he neuer troubles a larder , or cupboord to lay cold meate in , nor doth he keepe any cats or traps in his house to destroy vermin , he takes so good a course , that he layes or shuts vp all safe within himselfe ; in briefe , giue him meate , and he ne'r stands vpon the cookery , he cares not for the peacocke of samos , the woodcock of phrygia , the cranes of malta , the pheasants of england , the caperkelly , the heathcocke , and termagant of scotland , the goate of wales , the salmon , and vsquabah of ireland , the sawsedge of bolognia , the skink of westphalia , the spanish potato , he holds as a bable , and the italian figge he esteemes as poyson . he is an english man , and english dyet will serue his turne . if the norfolk dumplin , and the deuonshire white-pot , be at variance , he will atone them , the bag-puadings of gloucester shire , the blacke-puddings of worcester shire , the pan puddings of shropshire , the white puddings of somersetshire , the hasty-puddings of hamshire , and the pudding-pyes of any shire , all is one to him , nothing comes amisse , a contented mind is worth all , and let any thing come in the shape of fodder , or eating stuffe , it is welcome , whether it bee sawsedge , or custard , or eg-pye , or cheese-cake , or plawne , or foole , or froyze , or tanzy , or pancake , or fritter , or flap-iacke , or posset , galley-mawfrey , mackeroone , kickshaw , or tantablin , he is no puling meacocke , nor in all his life time the queafinesse of his stomacke needed any sawcy spurre or switch of sowre vertuice , or acute vinegar , his appetite is no straggler , nor is it euer to seeke , for he keepes it close prisoner , and like a courteous kind iaylour , he is very tender ouer it , not suffering it to want any thing if he can by any meanes procure it : indeede it was neuer knowne to be so farre out of reparations , that it needed the assistance of cawdle , alebery , iulep , cullisse , grewell , or stewd-broth , onely a messe of plaine frugall countrey pottage was alwayes sufficient for him , though it were but a washing-bowle full , of the quantity of two pecks , which porrenger of his , i my selfe saw at the signe of the white lyon at a village called harrisom in kent , the hostesse of which house did affirme , that hee did at once wash downe that bowle full of pottage , with nine penny loaues of bread , and three iugges of beere . indeed , in my presence ( after he had broken his fast ) hauing ( as he said ) eaten one pottle of milke , one pottle of pottage , with bread , butter , and cheese : i then sent for him , to the aforesaid inne , and after some accomodated salutations , i asked him if hee could eate any thing ? he gaue me thankes , and said , that if he had knowne , that any gentleman would haue inuited him , that he would haue spared his breakefast at home , ( and with that he told me as aforesaid , what he had eaten ) yet neuerthelesse ( to doe me a courtesie ) he would shew me some small cast of his office , for he had one hole or corner in the profundity of his store-house , into which he would stow and bestow any thing that the house would afford , at his perill and my cost . whereupon i summoned my hostesse with three knocks vpon the table , two stamps on the floore , with my fist and foot , at which shee made her personall appearance with a low curtsie , and an inquisitiue what lacke ye ? i presently laid the authority of a bold guest vpon her , commanding that all the victuals in the house should be laid on the table . she said , she was but slenderly prouided , by reason goodman wood was there , but what she had , or could doe , wee should presently haue : so the cloth was displaid , the salt was aduanc'd , sixe penny wheaten loaues were mounted two stories high like a rampier , three sixe-penny veale pyes , wall'd stiffly about , and well victual'd within , were presented to the hazzard of the scalado , one pound of sweet butter ( being all fat and no bones ) was in a cold sweat at this mighty preparation , one good dish of thorneback , white as alabaster or the snow vpon the scithian mountaines , and in the reare came vp an inch thick shyuer of a peck house-hold loafe ; all which prouision were presently , in the space of an houre vtterly confounded , and brought to nothing , by the meere and onely valourous dexterity of our vnmatchable grand gurmound . he couragiously past the pikes , and i cleared the shot , but the house yeelded no more , so that my guest arose vnsatisfied , and my selfe discontented in being thrifty and sauing my money against my will. i did there offer him twenty shillings to bring him vp to me to my house on the bank-side , and there i would haue giuen him as much good meate , as he would eate in tenne dayes , one after another , & fiue shillings a day euery day , and at the tenne dayes end , twenty shillings more , to bring him downe againe . i did also offer tenne shillings to one ieremy robinson a glouer ( a man very inward with him ) to attend and keepe him company , and two shillings six pence the day , with good dyet and lodging : all which were once accepted , vntill wood began to ruminate and examine what seruice he was to doe , for these large allowances . now my plot was to haue him to the beare-garden , and there before a house full of people , he should haue eaten a wheele barrow full of tripes , and the next day , as many puddings as should reach ouer the thames ( at a place which i would measure betwixt london and richmond ) the third day , i would haue allowed him a fat calfe , or sheepe of twenty shillings price , and the fourth day he should haue had thirty sheepes geathers , thus from day to day , he should haue had wages & dyet with variety ; but he fearing that which his merits would amount vnto , brake off the match , saving , that perhaps when his grace , ( i guesse who he meant ) should heare of one that ate so much , and could worke so little , he doubted there would come a command to hang him : whereupon our hopefull beare-garden busines was shiuerd , and shatterd in pieces . indeed hee made a doubt of his expected performance in his quality , by reason of his being growne in yeeres , so that if his stomack should faile him publikely , and lay his reputation in the mire , it might haue beene a disparagement to him for euer , and especially in kent , where he hath long beene famous , hee would be loth to be defamed ; but as weake as he was , he said , that he could make a shift to destroy a fat weather of a pound in two houres , prouided that it were tenderly boild , for he hath lost all his teeth ( except one ) in eating a quarter of mutton , ( bones and all ) at ashford in the county aforesaid , yet is he very quicke and nimble in his feeding , and will ridde more eating worke away in two houres , then tenne of the hungriest carters in the parish where he dwells . he is surely noble ( for his great stomacke ) and vertuous , chiefely for his patience in putting vp much ; moreoeuer he is thrifty or frugall , for when he can get no better meate , he will eate oxe liuers , or a messe of warme ale-graines from a brew-house . he is prouident and studious where to get more prouision as soone as all is spent , and yet hee is bountifull or prodigall in spending all hee hath at once : hee is profitable in keeping bread and meate from mould and maggots , and sauing the charge of salt , for his appetite will not waite and attend the poudring ; his courtesie is manifest , for he had rather haue one farewel then twenty godbwyes : of all things , hee holds fasting to be a most superstitious branch of popery , he is a maine enemy to ember weekes , he hates lent worse then a butcher or a puritan , and the name of good-friday affrights him like a bulbegger ; a long grace before meate , strikes him into a quotidian ague ; in a word , hee could wish that christmas would dwell with vs all the yeere , or that euery day were metamorphoz'd into shrouetuesdayes ; in briefe , he is a magazine , a store-house , a receptacle , a burse , or exchange , a babel or confusion for all creatures . hee is no gamester , neither at dice , or cards , yet there is not any man within forty miles of his head , that can play with him at maw , and though his pasture be neuer so good , he is alwayes like one of pharaohs leane kine ; he is swarty , blackish haire , hawk-nosed ( like a parrot , or a roman ) hee is wattle-iawde , and his eyes are sunke inward , as if hee looked into the inside of his intrayles , to note what custom'd or vncustom'd goods he tooke in , whilst his belly ( like a maine-sayle in a calme ) hangs ruffled and wrinkled ( in folds and wreathes ) flat to the mast of his empty carkasse , till the storme of aboundance fills it , and violently driues it into the full sea of satisfaction , like as a riuer to the ocean bounds , or as a garden to all britaines grounds , or like a candle to a flaming linck , or as a single ace , vnto sise cinque : so short am i of what nick wood hath done , that hauing ended , i haue scarce begun : for i haue written but a taste in this , to shew my readers where , and what he is . postscript . thou that putst down the mault below the wheat , that dost not eate to liue , but liue to eate : thou that the sea-whale , and land wolfe excels : a foe to bachus , champion of god bels : i wish if any foreine foes intend our famous i le of britaine to offend , that each of them had stomacks like to thee , that of each other they deuour'd might bee . some haue drunke healths at once ( to purchase fames ) as there are letters in their mistris names , others there are , that drinke by rub and square , and sound round drinkers there aboundance are , these barely goe with making barly deare , and cunningly transforme themselues to beere , or potent ale , or iuice of french or spanish , or smoake , ( which time and coyne doth banish : ) these are the sleights that halfe the world inchants , these are the principles of woes and wants : but thou art free from drinking by the great , meat is for men , and thou wer 't made to eate . though maximinus , romes great emperour , did forty pound of flesh each day deuoure , albinus th'emperour did him surpasse , fiue hundred figges by him downe swallow'd was , of peaches he consum'd one hundred more , of great musckmellons also halfe a score , one hundred birds , all at one meale he cast into his paunch , at breaking of his fast . pago surpassed both these two together , a bore , a hundred loaues , a pigge , a weather , all this the rascall swallow'd at a meale , ( if writers in their writing , true doe deale . ) but sure i am , that what of thee is writ , is sure ( although not all the truth , or halfe of it : ) thou dost exceed all that our age e're saw , thou potent , high , and mighty men of maw . finis a designe for plentie, by an universall planting of fruit-trees: tendred by some wel-wishers to the publick. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a87187 of text in the english short title catalog (thomason e686_5). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 51 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 17 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a87187 wing h984 thomason e686_5 99862688 99862688 166420 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a87187) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 166420) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 106:e686[5]) a designe for plentie, by an universall planting of fruit-trees: tendred by some wel-wishers to the publick. hartlib, samuel, d. 1662. [8], 24 p. printed for richard wodenothe in leaden-hall street, over against leaden-hall., london, : [1652?] editor's dedication signed: samuel hartlib. refers to a treatise of ralph austin "which now he is putting to the presse, as by his own letter written in november last 1652 he doth informe me". running title reads: a designe for plenty. annotation on thomason copy: "ffeb: (crossed out) 1652". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng fruit trees -england -early works to 1800. food supply -england -early works to 1800. a87187 (thomason e686_5). civilwar no a designe for plentie,: by an universall planting of fruit-trees: tendred by some wel-wishers to the publick. hartlib, samuel 1652 8988 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 b the rate of 1 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the b category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 2008-07 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-10 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-10 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a designe for plentie , by an vniversall planting of frvit-trees : tendred by some wel-wishers to the publick . gen . 1.20 . and god said , behold , i have given you every herb bearing seed which is upon the face of the earth and every tree in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed , to you it shall be for meat . london , printed for richard wodenothe in leaden-hall street , over against leaden-hall . to the reader . courteous and ingenuous reader , in the publication of this small treatise ; it is just that every one should have his due . first , gods goodnesse is to be praised , who having indued man with knowledge above the beasts of the field , and put all things under his feet , he doth in a more speciall manner ( as the prophet saith ) instruct the husbandman to discretion , and doth teach him how to order his affairs for the best advantage of humane societies . secondly , his providence is to be acknowledged in bringing things to light , which without his good hand would have been lost and lien in darknesse , as this discourse would have been , if he had not stirred up some favourable instruments to preserve it , and bring it unto my hand to be published for the common good . thirdly , the instruments whom he hath employed both to bring forth this birth into the world , and to preserve it after it was brought forth , deserve some commendation . he that was made instrumentall to bring it forth into the world , is not yet known unto me : for although i have endeavoured by a diligent search to finde out his name , yet i have not been able to compasse the matter : onely this i have been told , that the author of this designe was an aged minister of the gospel , who for the space of many years had for his own recreation , and that he might be serviceable also to others experimented this part of husbandry which at last he resolved by this treatise to make publick , but was by death prevented ; the place of his abode being said to be loving-land neer yarmouth . he who did preserve it from being lost , and gave it to a friend of mine , is the honourable collonel john barkstead , the present lieutenant of the tower , a gentleman whom i know not , but such as know him do give him this character , that he is of a very publick and ingenuous spirit ; in his military relations , exceeding active and circumspect ; zealous for justice and good order , to represse the licentiousnesse of the times ; and one who being capable of publick thoughts and generous cares , is willing freely to communicate and impart the same to all that can reap any benefit thereby . as for my self , i claim nothing but the contentment to be the publisher thereof , that i may be instrumentall to advance the comforts of many thereby , and so help forward the authors honest designe ; and i am the more willing to divulge this brief tract upon this subject , because it will serve as a fore-runner to a larger volume of fruit-trees , which an experienced friend of mine , mr. ralph austin hath in a readinesse to put forth at oxford . such as have perused mr. blithe's improver improved ( a book worth the reading by all that apply themselves to husbandry ) in the second part , chapter 43. towards the latter end , will meet with a promise made concerning this treatise of master austin's , which now he is putting to the presse , as by his own letter written in november last 1652 he doth informe me : therefore i intend in this preface and by this treatise , as by a small taste of so good a matter , both to raise thine appetite and quicken thy desire to see that larger work , and to stay thy stomack a little till it come forth , in hope , that when god shall have furnished this wise and noble nation with all these and many other means of plenty we shall then be all inclined to beat out swords into plough-shares , and our spears into pruning-hooks , and that by a happy union of england and scotland , and the peaceable settlement of the affections of all people under the present government , we shall live as brethren , and study by the wayes of common industry to strengthen the hands of those that bear rule over us , and are set for our defence ; whose burthen , although it be extraordinary great , yet by the good hand of god upon us , it will be greatly eased and lessened , when all hands shall suffer themselves to be set a work , and the earth yield her increase . for certainly the present constitution of the nation ( if we become not so fatally and more then brutishly miserable , as to study continually one anothers ruine ) is not in so weak and dangerous a condition , as it was in queen elizabeth's dayes when she came first to the crown . for then as bishop carleton describes it , the state of affairs was far otherwise then now it is , as appears by his own words in his book ( called a thankfull remembrance of gods mercy ) where he writes as followeth . she [ queene elizabeth ] did not serve god in vain . for it is a thing to be wondered at , that the land being * then without strength , without forces , without souldiers , yea , without armour ; all things necessary should be so suddenly furnished . she had provided armour at antwerp , but king philip caused that to be stayed . yet was she not discouraged , but laid out much money upon armour though she found the treasury but poore . she procured armour and weapons out of germany . she caused many great guns to be cast of brasse and iron . and gods providence and favour appeared in her protection . for new mines of brasse were found at keswike , that had long bin neglected . from whence there was not onely sufficient matter to supply her wants , but abundance thereof to be transported to other countreys . the stone called lapis calaminaris , whose use is needfull for working in brasse , was also at the same time first found in england . there was provision made at home also for the making of gun-powder . which was done first here by her commandement : for before , it was bought and imported . berwick before her time , was weak and had but 500 souldiers : she fortified the town , made the new inner wall and increased the number of souldiers and their stipends , that provision might be made for the training up of experienced souldiers and martiall men . she provided a navy , the best furnished that ever england saw . neither needed she to do as her father & ancestours were wont to do , when they wanted ships , to send for ships and hire them from hamburg , lubeck , dantisk , genua and venice ; for she had them readie at home to serve her . yea all the good townes upon the sea-coast , beholding this incredible alacrity and forwardness in their prince , strived also to imitate the same , and therefore with great cheerefullnesse and readinesse built ships for warre . so that in a short time , the queenes ships and those of the subjects joyned together , rose to such a number , that they were able to imploy twenty thousand men in sea-fight at once . the noblemen , the gentlemen and yeomen , did all strive to answer so noble a resolution of their prince . and therefore great store of armour and weapons were every where provided . and brave spirits were bred and inabled to service , whereby they became an helpe and ornament to their countrey ; so that queene elizabeth was quickly growne so strong , that all her adversaries were not able to hurt her . and was not this a great work of god , that so weak a woman should be able to defend her selfe against so many , so potent enemies ? yea , and not onely to match them , but to master them ? this was gods doing , &c. this remembrance of her condition , and of gods wonderfull preservation of this nation at that time , should not onely encourage us to hope still in his mercy , whereof we have as great experience hitherto as ever she had , but also direct us to the performance of the duties fitting us for the continuance of such mercies towards us . for as then all the neighbours of this nation were either open enemies or uncertain friends , so it now may fall out again in this juncture of time , that we shall finde none abroad cordially to appear for us ; but if we be found faithfull to one another at home in minding the interest of the gospel , in seeking peace and truth , in setling judgement , in repressing the enormous scandals which are broken forth , and in advancing all manner of industrie , we may expect the same successe which that blessed queen had , and a greater harvest of spirituall and temporall blessings then ever yet this nation hath received . which that we may live to see , i shall not cease to pray , and in praying with the best and utmost of my endeavours to approve my selfe , thine and the publiques most faithfull servant , samuel hartlib . a designe for plentie . as plenty oft-times is the producer of pride , pride the root of envy , envy the mother of contention , contention the spring of war : so is war the cause of poverty and poverty brings forth famine , and where famine rageth must needs follow inevitable destruction . it is greatly to be wished , and as a blessing from god to be desired ; that all men would as wisely , and conscionably eschew and shun the climax , and wayes to destruction as they seem warily and carefully to fly destruction it self , when it presseth upon them . but ( alass ) such is the wickedness and blindnes of mans heart , that he is desperatly set on to follow that way , which will at last winde him into most certain destruction : and so be , that men may attein their own private interest and end , they never consider the ultimate and woful end and conclusion of their wayes and actions . but he that 's wise , his practicks so intends , that he may levell actions to their ends . the consideration of which thing ( as it too sadly may be appliable unto this nation , and the inhabitants thereof , by reason of this late intestine , and unnaturall war ) hath moved us , to prepare what cataplasme we can against the inevitable malady , which a long & continued war threateneth ( if not already beginneth ) to bring upon us , that is to say ; a generall famine and want of all necessary things for the support and sustentation of life : the which we may also feare the rather , by reason of the unseasonable weather for seed-time and harvest , with the unspeakable mortality of cattel in many places , which hath declared , and evidenced no small displeasure of god against us , and threateneth us with most certain famine : besides the want of trade , traffique , and imployment both by land and by sea ; together with the daily losses by sea , and expenses of provisions by land , are no meane ingredients in this threatened , & approaching miserie . what more may be observed , also from the discouragements of men in their husbandry , and making improvement for plenty ( as not knowing either for whom they labour , or who they are that may reap their labours , or what themselves shall enjoy ) may strongly imprint a feare of famine . now as in a time of famine it were too unchristian-like to hide our selves from our own flesh , and to deny relief ( as god lendeth us ) to such as want it : so were it too selfish for any not to labour to prevent famine ; and to hide themselves , and their advice ( which god hath granted them ) from a publique good : it being counted no less sin by god , not to strengthen the hands of the needy , then not to fill their hands with benefits , and supplies . for which cause we have thought it our dutie to present an assay of plenty , which we call ( a designe or project for plenty ) yet not a project of any private advantage to us ; but of publique good and plenty unto this nation ; if so be it may be enlivened and nourished by authority and law : otherwise we shall but term it ( the embrio of plenty , and the untimely birth of good desires ) which had it come to perfection , might have yielded both pleasure and profit to many . and such a project also it is , as is not without experience both in our own , and other nations ; nor yet without good reasons to speak for it ; whereof we shall desire to make all rationall men partakers . for with men of reason , reasons will take place , but nought can get from fools but base disgrace . moreover , when we consider ( besides the necessitie , as aforesaid ) the accomodation this nation affordeth for such a designe , the possibility and facility to effect it : and yet the sluggishnesse of most in our nation , who perhaps would be glad to have plenty in their families : yet care not to take pains , or to be at any cost to effect it . like to the cat , who fish would gladly eat , but yet her foot in water will not weat . we are incouraged the rather to make our demonstration thereof , adding therewithall our reasons , and answering such objections as may possible lie against it . first therefore , we do conceive that it will make much for the benefit and publike relief of this whole nation . and for the prevention of famine in time to come ( through the blessing of god ) if there were a law made , and put in force by authority for a generall and universall plantation of such wholesome fruit ( according to proportion ) as might be for the relief of the poor , the benefit of the rich , and the delight of all . the fruits we conceive most wholesome , beneficiall and suitable for our climate , are the apple , peare , walnut and quince . the proportion to be ordeined ; that every five pounds per annum of plantable land , as well field as enclosure , being in private occupation , ( except cities , towns incorporate , and such towns where the rents are raised onely of the houses without lands ) shall plant and preserve 20 fruit-trees of apple , peare , walnut , or quince : and 10 li. per annum , 40 ; and 15 li. per annum , 60 ; and 20 li. per annum , 80 trees ; and so in proportion . that there may be a certain limited time set , that the aforesaid proportion according to every mans occupation , may be perfected , with a penalty to be inflicted for the neglect ; and that every year may be proportioned in order to the whole with a penalty likewise . that in every town there may be ordeined two officers ( called fruterers or woodwards , or such like name ) specially to be chosen every year , and authorized , to see the said proportions to be planted and carefully preserved . and to have power to levie the penalties upon the defaulters ; and to employ the same to some publick use . that the high constables in every hundred do take account of the said two officers in every town belonging to their division : and to present them to some superiour court ; that so there may be no collusion or deceit in the businesse . and that the said high constables , and fruterers , or woodwards be fineable and punishable , if they neglect to do their duties . that if any evil-disposed person be found to destroy any of the planted trees ; or to cut , mangle , or break them ; or to pull up , or carry away their fencings , when they are young trees , and require fencing ; that then he be severely punished by corporall , or pecuniary mulct , or both ; as being an enemy to a publike and common good . that the said fruterers or woodwards in every respective towne may have power ( as the surveyers of the high-wayes ) so to call out , and appoint certain common dayes to work , in dressing , pruning , moulding mossing , trimming the said trees ( which dayes are to be in the moneths of october & november for mossing and pruning , those moneths being the moistest ; and the winter frost following thereupon will seare the wounds , so that the cut parts are not subject to put out syens , whereby the body and fruit are decayed ; and in january and february for moulding the trees ) and to set fines upon such as make default , and leavy the same to some publique use . that all trees already planted , be accounted into the proportion ; and that as any trees do die , or decay , or grow barren , care be taken that others may be planted in their stead ; and that within a limited time upon some penalty to be levied by the woodwards or fruiterers . that when those lands , which are in particular occupation be fully planted ; like care be taken by a common work in the common dayes to be appointed , for the planting of all wastes and commons every thirty yards a tree , and by thirty yards all over , till they be throughly planted . that the commons and wastes be planted , and fenced at the publique charge of every town to which they do belong : and that all such fines as are levied upon the transgressors in this project be imployed to the publique work and use . that the fruits and benefits arising of the plantations upon the commons and wastes be given to the poor , & necessitous people of every town , unto which they do belong . and that by the discretion of the fruiterers or woodwards they be yearly distributed accordingly . reasons for this designe . as touching the reasons for this design , they are very many , whereof i onely propound some for satisfaction to all men . first , the wholesomenesse of these fruits are such as may challenge every mans estimation of them , and diligence to obtein them . apples are good for hot stomacks , for all inflammations , tempering melancholy humours ; good for diverse diseases , as the strangury , plurisie , &c. peares are cold , and binding , good for hot swellings , do help the lask and bloody flux , and being made into drink , do warm the stomack , and cause good digestion . the walnut is an ingredient in antidotes against the plague , and biting of venomous beasts ; whose kernels made into a milke cooleth and comforteth the languishing sick body . so quinces do strengthen the stomack , stay vomiting , and stop the flux ; and are good for many other things . the benefits , which from such a generall plantation will arise to this nation , is very much . as , first , by this means there may be a great improvement of land without any losse of other fruits , which it usually yieldeth , as of grasse , corn of all sorts , or any other thing : and so men may receive a double gain ; first , of those fruits upon the ground ; and secondly , of such fruits as growing upon the trees , the land beareth as it were by the by . there will be a great plenty of wholesome food added where little or none of that nature was before ; for besides every family may have of these fruits enough for all uses in food ; so also may thereby be obteined a good and wholesome drink from the juice of the apples , and peares , as in the counties of worcester and glocester is very exemplary in that particular , to their profit and plenty . by this means much corn , ( especially of barley ) may be saved ( which is spent out in malt ) and may serve for food in the time of want ; and other corn by that means become more reasonable in prices . and likewise much expense in wines may by reason of the perry and syder , which in all parts may be made , be spared : and which kinde of drink ( being once accustomed ) will be as proper and wholsome for our english bodies , as french wines , if not more . a generall plantation ( as aforesaid ) will make wonderfull plenty , as may be gathered by a supposition probable as this : suppose 20 trees of apples and peares be planted , and well fenced upon a tenement of 5 li. per annum , once in seven years they may ( by gods blessing ) bring forth halfe a bushel of good fruit apiece ; and in 10 years a bushel a tree ; in 13 years two bushels , and so forth ; what a plenty will this make in so small an occupation ? and besides it will yield great plenty , yea abundance to the poor , who shall yearly receive from the common plantations of the commons and wastes so much good fruit , as that they cannot be destitute all the year . and if to buy ; yet in such a generall plantation , good fruit will not cost above 4 d. or 6 d. the bushel , which now will cost 12 d. or 16 d. if not more in many places , which kinde of provisions the poor preferre before better food , as the story goeth . the poor mans childe invited was to dine with flesh of oxen , sheep , and fatted swine , ( far better chear then he at home could finde ) and yet this childe to stay had little minde . you have ( quoth he ) no apple , froise nor pie , stew'd pears , with bread and milk , & walnuts by . this generall plantation is very requisite , seeing so many places are wholly destitute of all fruit , and yet both the ground and clymate throughout this whole island able and apt to yield of fruit great plenty . cambden saith , that they are whining and slothfull husbandmen , who complain of the barrennesse of the earth in england ; and doth confidently affirm , that it proceedeth rather of the inhabitants idlenesse then any distemper , and indisposition of the air , that this our england affords no wine : and that it hath heretofore had vineyards which yielded wine well nigh as good in taste and smell as the french wine ; and indeed so are many places unto this day in our land called vineyards ; as at elie in cambridgeshire ; of which remaines upon record these old rimes . quatuor sunt eliae , lanterna , capella mariae , et molendinum , nec non dans vinea vinum . in english thus . four things of elie town much spoken are , the leaden lanthorn , maries chappel rare , the mighty mill-hill in the minster-field , and fruitfull vineyards , which sweet wine do yield . and if our england be so able and apt for wine , much more is it able and apt for these ordinary and wholesome fruits . besides , such an universall plantation will both yield great store of fuel to burn , and wood for many occasions ( the apple , peare and walnut-trees , being all of them good joyners timber ) fit to make chaires , stools , tables , and many other house-utensils ) and also it will much warm the countrey by so many thousands of trees planted in open and waste grounds to the great comfort both of man and beast . and as concerning this work , it is very feasable and easie , the banks , and quickrowes may be set , as well with good fruit-trees at a convenient distance , as with thorn , hasel , harbow , or brier : besides , how many usefull stocks of crab and wilding are to be taken from the roots of such as grow in rowes , and to be found in woods , which being transplanted and grafted will be as good fruit-trees , and last longer then such as are reared up from seeds or kernels ? the delight and pleasure , which by this will arise , will not be small in a little while ; when one may behold the waste and wilde places all abounding with fruitfull trees ( like the garden of god ) keeping their order , and distance : each one offering the weary traveller some little collation to quench his thirst , and refresh his spirits ; inviting him to rest under their shadow , and to taste of their delicates , and to spare his purse ; which is a benefit well known in the western counties of this our england . to these might be added the benefit of the walnut for oil ; the delight and comfort of all these for conserves and preserves , both for sicknesse and health : and their use in a famine , when all other fruits of the earth do fail ; whereof the nation of france hath had good triall , who had starved in some famines , had it not been for their chesnuts , walnuts , apples , and pears , these being far better food in a famine then asses heads , doves dung , or old leather , which some have been constrained to eat to preserve life ; yea sometimes the flesh of dead men , and their own children . objections against this designe . object . 1 but here it may be some men wil object , that these are but vain and trifling things , not worthy a law , or injunction for so noble a nation as this is . to which the answer is easie : that our slothfulnes is the more , and improvidence the more to be condemned , that so noble a nation should need a goad , and spur to put them on to the improving of such trifling things ; which are of such necessity , profit , facility and delight , as these things , which every diligent and prudent provident husband should endevour after continually of themselves . object . 2 but it will be a hard and difficult matter to get so many plants as may supply the proportion throughout the whole nation . we answer , the slothfull man saith , there is a lion in the way ; and if men were as willing as they might be , the woods and hedgerows would afford stocks not a few to graft upon : besides , there are not wanting commendable planters and arborists in this nation , whose nurseries will afford at very low rates many thousand of wilde stocks fitting to be removed , and improved for this businesse . object . 3 yea , but there is such rudenesse and ravening in the common people of england , that all would come to nought . answ. true as our scarcity of these fruits are in every place , so it is , and so it will be : but plenty yields satiety and content : and the western countries can witnesse this to be otherwise ; besides , good laws , and good execution of them will prevent all such like mischiefs . object . 4 but it will be a great while before this designe come to perfection . answ. yet if a beginning be not made , there can be no hope of any perfection ; and if men begin well , the work will go on the better ; for the saying is , he that begins with heart and great good will , hath got the half of that he would fulfill . besides he is the most unworthy of his own life , who is like the bear , lives onely to suck his own claws , and will not provide for posterity as well as himself . for , man is not born unto himself alone , but to his after race when he is gone . object . 5 but the commons and wastes cannot wel be planted . answ. if not all of them , yet the most of them will bear forth these trees : and we see the most barren places to bring forth the thorn , oak , and ash-trees , and why not these also ? which are not so hard to grow as some of them ; besides such directions may be given , as may be very advantagious for their rooting and growth in such barren places , as afterward shall be shewed . object . 6 but these trees being planted in hedge-rows amongst other trees of greater growth and top , will never prosper and come to perfection ; and so much labour will be lost . answ. these trees being prudently set , and providently husbanded in banks and hedge-rows , will thrive the best of all , and prove most fruitfull ; for if the grounds be cold and wet , then to set them in banks and rows will be far better , then to set them abroad , the banks being the driest places for planting : and if the grounds be dry and sandy , then the banks are the best , as being least hurtful to the roots of trees , and gaining moisture unto them by the ditches , when any do fall , whereby they are refreshed and preserved . and for other trees which may overtop them , if every honest and good member in this our common-wealth could as easily remove his wicked and bad neighbour , as the husbandman can remove such trees from his plantation , there would not be a bad neighbour in england . and how much a good fruit-tree will exceed in profit any other tree of what kinde soever , may easily be gathered by this computation : suppose one load of wood in twenty yeers may be cut from any husband , or powling ( and it must be a good one , which will yeeld so much in such a time ) which load of wood may be worth nine or ten shillings ; yet a good fruit-tree ( by gods blessing ) will yeeld as much fruit in one yeer as will countervail that profit ; for some good fruit-trees have been known to yeeld eight , nine , or ten coombs of good fruit in one yeer , which at four pence the bushell will come to more then the best tree for wood will yeeld in twenty yeers . and suppose an oak after 300 yeers growth be worth five or six pounds , yet a good fruit-tree within fourty yeers will yeeld the same profit four or five times double , which is far beyond the benefit arising of the best timber-trees in england . and moreover , trees for timber may have the woods to grow in , and such convenient places in fields and rows , as may be no annoyance or hinderance to the fruit-trees of this plantation . it is a folly manifestly plain , to be pound-foolish , penny-wise in gain . object . 7 these plantations in arable grounds , and common fields , will both hinder the plough , and by their shadow destroy and hinder corn . answ. if indeed they should be planted in the middest of plowed lands , something might be said against it ; but in all common fields for corn , there lie land-divisions , and baulks , or meers , which though but narrow , yet are sufficient and apt to bear trees , ( as being the best ground ) if they be planted upon them : and at thirty yards distance in length , and about thirty yards in breadth one from another likewise ; they will be no hinderance at all to the plough , nor yet to the growth and increase of corn ; for at such a distance the sun and winde will have such power on every side that they will disperse their beams and air without any let ; and in case ( when these trees are grown large and great ) they may hinder a peck of corn a tree , yet will they recompense that losse twenty-fold in their fruit and fewell to the owners : besides , a good husband may keep up his trees so by pruning , as that no damage at all may be susteined by them . object . 8 but fielding grounds which lie in parcels are often so intermixed , that sometimes ten several persons may have severall proprieties in five acres of land : and therefore how can trees be planted either at an equall distance of 30 yards ; or who shall plant them , or receive their fruits or fuel being so many and diverse proprieters ? answ . if men were without reason , this might make an objection ; but reasonable men wil conclude that mears or balks in their length may be planted at 30 yards distance without difficulty , and that such small parcels will fall likewise about 30 yards distance in breadth , not much under or over ; which will make no difference : and such trees as are to be planted upon partable mears , may by law be appointed to be charged in their plantation , and fencing , and divided in their benefits equally between such owners , as have a community therein . object . 9 but this designe , if once it come to perfection , will undo many families , who live by brewing and malting . answ . the light of nature will teach us that a common , and publike good is to be preferred to all private profit ; as the saying is , a publique good doth many wayes outvie all private good , and self-utilitie . besides , the multiplicity of men practising brewing , and malting is but rather a bane then a benefit to this common-wealth ; ministring occasion to thousands of blinde and unnecessary tipling-houses , whereby drunkennesse , disorder , and dangerous plots are fomented and nourished to the great dishonour of god , and disturbance of the state and common-wealth ; so that it were to be wished that every private family in this whole nation were so provided , that there might not be any further occasion to expend so much corn in malt , or so much money and precious time in ale-houses and drink , which would cause every pious heart rather to rejoyce with thanksgiving , then to repine with murmuring for the disappointing of self-ends and advantages , when the publique good should be so greatly advanced . instructions concerning this designe . although planting doth chiefly depend upon the blessing and providence of god , ( without which no benefit can be expected ) yet god who ordaineth the end , appointeth also the means conducible thereunto ; not that men should rest in the means appointed , but that they waiting upon god in the use of meanes should expect his blessing thereupon of his grace and mercy : according to the saying , rest not in meanes , use meanes gods gifts to gain ; god gives the end , and meanes his ends t' attain . therefore we have thought good to set down for the help of such as are unskilfull in the noble art of planting , such necessary instructions and directions touching this designe , as by experience have been found usefull and commodious for our countrey of england , letting go those unprofitable conclusions wherewith many have filled their books of this art of planting , taken for the most part out of the writings and experiments of other nations , as italy , france and spain , &c. which being of far different climates from our nation , however they may be usefull and effectuall unto others , are indeed altogether uselesse and in-effectuall unto us in england : for , each land the like alike will never yield , clime alters much in garden , orchard , field , leave france to french , and spain to spanish sun ; what england may is best to think upon . instructions concerning wilde sets and stocks to plant and graft upon . for the increase and store of wilde sets and stocks to plant and to graft upon ; it is very requisite , that every man , according to the proportion of his occupation have some yard or inclosure for his wilde sets and stocks , which may serve him as a continual nursery , to plant and supply all his other grounds and plantations . let this inclosure or nursery be well and strongly fenced so as no cattel may hurt it ; for a beast will do more mischief in a night unto the nursery then it will recover in seven years after . the nursery would not be of the richest and fattest ground , but rather inclinable to leannesse , that so the wilde sets and stocks being transplanted , may be removed from a mean to a better ; from a lean to a fatter soyl , otherwise they will not prosper . at the first , let this nursery be well digged , and as much as may be made cleer of all noisome weeds , ( especially of spearegrasse ) by harrowing , raking , and sowing turneps the year before , or covering that all over with brakes : otherwise the weeds willl much hinder the growth and increase of the plants or sets . to replenish this nursery in the best way , is to sowe that all over with the goods , or stamping of crabs , apples , pears , and kernels of quince about alhollon-tide , or in november , or at such time as you make your verjuice , sydar , or perry , and then to riddle good earth all over to cover them a finger thick ( or to rake them in , which is not so good ) and so covering them with thorns to expect their spring in february , march , and april , when the covering is to be taken away from them . chuse the best and greatest walnuts , ( as the welsh nut , french nut , &c. ) and set them all about your nursery , without the plants , some three or four foot distance ; or they may be set altogether upon beds by themselves . for three years after the nursery be thus replenished , be carefull to keep it very clean from weeds , grasse , or any other beggery , for it will requite the owner abundantly for his paines . the wilde sets being three foot high would be removed , and set a foot distance one from another , and would have their long top-roots cut off , that they may root the better , and grow the greater ; otherwise they will grow down with a long top , and up with a high top , their bodies being slender , not fit to graft , and to remove dangerous , as having few or none other roots but their long top-roots . at this first removing of the wilde sets , cut off onely the spray and branches of the plants , pruning them into a straight wands , and cut not off their heads , for that will hinder them , being so young and tender . there is another way to replenish the nursery , which is by setting at a foot distance branches of apple trees with burknots , or the suckers which are found in orchards , and may be taken from the roots of the apple , pear , or quince-trees , or the shoots of the kentish codling cut off and pricked in the ground , all which wil take and grow wel ; onely it must be remembred that such suckers must be taken as may have some roots , and these must be well pruned and headed likewise when they are transplanted into the nursery . the quince is the most apt of all other to grow , whether by kernels sowne , suckers , or even any young branch cut off from the body , with a soals foot , set into good earth about november will take and grow . also if a bough be half split from the body in the spring ; and then bound well about with new cow-dung , and so let grow till michaeltide , or october , it will be rooted into the dung , and may be taken off and transplanted with profit . if an apple or peare-tree have any goodly young bough ( if it be not bigger then a mans wrest ) it may be rooted upon the tree : if in june the bark be taken away round the bough the breadth of four fingers , and a be skep ( having a hole in the crown answerable to the bignesse of the bowe ) be slit down the side , that it may open , and so set , and fastened below . the barked place with the mouth upward , and so filled with fat , sad , and clayish earth well moistened , and so let stand untill november or deecmber , and then being cut off below the skep , the head pruned , and transplanted into good ground , and the skep gently taken away , so as the earth be not loosed , it will grow a fruitfull dwarf-tree . instructions concerning removings , or transplantations . when your wilde sets and stocks are fit for transplanting , it is best to remove them before they be grafted , so they will be in lesse danger to die ; and the cutting of the tops of the wilde sets will be no hinderance either to growth or grafting . the best time to transplant these trees , is september and october ( with their leaf upon their head , ) because the winter will both close and consolidate the earth about the roots , and also the remainder of sap in the trees descending into the roots will fasten them the better , and prepare their growth in the spring the surer : november , december , and january may serve , but are nothing so good as the other moneths . in all removings have speciall care to prune both the root and head , remembring this , that it is farre better to have a large root and little top , then to have a great top and a little root , which seldom comes to good . a great many roots may endure a good large top , but a few roots would have a little top . where the soil is very good , it will be sufficient to dig a hole four times as big as the root , which let it be digged about mid-summer , or as soon after as you can for the crop growing thereupon . first pare off the uppermost part thereof , laying grasse to grasse , or stubble to stubble , and upon that on the one side of the hole lay the best earth ( which will be the first speete , or spade ) and the rest by it self on the other side of the hole , and so let that lie open to sun and air , till you transplant the trees ; then set your tree in the best earth first , being well broken and mouldred , laying out the roots in their severall proportion set not your tree too deep , after that put in the worst earth uppermost , carefully closing the earth alwayes about the roots . you may lay some dung upon the uppermost face of the hole after all , if you please . in light and sandy ground , and shallow soil , dig your hole , and prepare it as aforesaid ; but you must remember to dig it much deeper , three or four foot deep , & when you set your trees fill that up with good moist earth within a foot and half of the uppermost ground : then setting in the tree , take slur of some sink or hog-yard , or mud of some pond , ( or for want of these make poy , with good earth and water ) and pour it amongst the roots , drawing them forth each in his way , and so fill that up with good earth : this will never fail expectation in the growth of young trees ; onely remember that in sandy ground trees must be set deeper then in moist and good earth . in moist and wet grounds it is good to dig a hole , and prepare that as followeth : when you are to set your tree , dig a hole four foot over and two foot deep , and then lay a faggot of wood close bound in the bottom , well troden down , fill up the hole again with the best earth , then set your trees upon the plain ground on the top , raising an hill of earth round about the root , which may cover it well from heat and cold , it will like exceedingly . when the trees are transplanted into light or sandy ground , if the spring or summer following prove drie , they must be watered very well , but very seldom . the water would be taken out of some standing pit ( which is better then spring , or well-water ) or else mixed with cow-dung ( which maketh a laxative and lusty water for young trees ) and when they are watered , cover their roots with old straw , or hatch , putting it by in rainy weather , for fear of mice harbouring in it . in the ttansplantation of walnuts be very careful to preserve the top-root ; for if that be perished , the tree will not thrive , if not die . the apple-tree loves to grow best in rich soil , but indifferently in any . the peare best in a sandie , and light soile . the qvince in a moist ground , and fat . the walnut-tree in a clayish or mixt soile . note that the medler , and service-trees may be planted in sandie , and gravelie ground , and will grow in places , where other trees will not thrive . and these fruits are both wholesome and pleasant . when the trees are transplanted and set , they must be wel fenced and stayed against the shaking of winds both for their preservation and steady growing : thorns pricked into the ground , and bound about the tree with a withe , and a stake set fast into the ground to stay them is used by some ; three stakes set in a triangle about the tree with crosse bars nailed from stake to stake ; by others , stakes driven aslope into the ground two wayes , and well fastened to the tree with hay-bands , and fenced , others use : and some having fenced their trees with a triangle ( as is aforesaid ) use to cut off the head of their tree wholly , leaving as a staffe , which after will both grow strong against windes , and put forth a gallant head in few years : onely it is to be remembred that , that fencing and staying of your trees is best , which is most secure , least subject to grate your trees , and longest lasting . instructions concerning grafting . as touching the kindes , manner and time of grafting , they are as followeth . the kindes . manner . time of grafting . 1 cōmon grafting is by cleaving the stock . these three first in the latter end of february , march , or beginning of april . 2 incysing — is shoulderwise between the bark and tree .   3 packing — is by sloping the impe and stocks , and cloving them together like a whipstock .   4 inoculating — is by placing a bud into the bark of another tree . this last about the tenth of june . there is an other way of crossing the pith of trees , which is by boring two holes through the stock across a hand breadth one above another , and making two pins of the same wood to drive them hard in ; some take this to be a good way . good winter-fruit sowne of kernels in nurseries , and so transplanted , will prove good fruit , though they never be grafted at all : and note that the walnut will not be grafted . never graft your sets the same year you do remove them , but let them stand and take root a year at least or two , then they will nourish their grafts , and thrive exceedingly . a generall rule for grafting . to grow apace graft when the change is near , but at the full moon for your trees to bear . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a87187e-140 esa. 28.26 , 27 , 28. see another discourse lately published by a worthy and speciall friend of mine , called , bread for the poor , & advancement of the english nation , promised by enclosure of the wast●s and common ground of england . chap. 1. pag : 3. * that is , when she came first to the crown . notes for div a87187e-590 quicquid agas , prudenter agas ; & respice finem . ezeck. 16.49 . cambden . brit. as in glocest , and worcest , shires , &c. in kent about feversham , where by the industry and example of richard harris fruterer to k. hen. the eighth 30 towns are planted to their inestimable benefit . catus vult piscem , sed non vult tangere lympham . gerard . herb. in which countreys the very hogs feeding upon the fallings , make choice of fruit , and first taste , eating up the pleasant fruit , leaving the other , there is such abundance . gerards herb. cambden . brit. camb. ex will . malmesbur . and at bromwell abbey in norfolk . 2 kings 6. miseries of germany . dimidium facti qui benè coepit habet . non nobis solum nati fumus , sed liberis , &c. cicero . bonum quò communius eò melius . 1 cor. 3.6 . non omnia fert omnia tellus . a treatise of cleanness in meats and drinks of the preparation of food, the excellency of good airs and the benefits of clean sweet beds also of the generation of bugs and their cure : to which is added, a short discourse of the pain in the teeth shewing from what cause it does chiefly proceed, and also how to prevent it / by tho. tryon. tryon, thomas, 1634-1703. 1682 approx. 48 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 12 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-07 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a63810 wing t3196 estc r3110 13451822 ocm 13451822 99598 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a63810) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 99598) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 479:7) a treatise of cleanness in meats and drinks of the preparation of food, the excellency of good airs and the benefits of clean sweet beds also of the generation of bugs and their cure : to which is added, a short discourse of the pain in the teeth shewing from what cause it does chiefly proceed, and also how to prevent it / by tho. tryon. tryon, thomas, 1634-1703. [2], 21 p. printed for the author and sold by l. curtis ..., london : 1682. reproduction of original in huntington library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food handling -early works to 1800. teeth -care and hygiene -early works to 1800. 2003-02 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2003-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2003-05 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2003-05 emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-06 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a treatise of cleanness in meats and drinks , of the preparation of food , the excellency of good airs , and the benefits of clean sweet beds . also of the generation of bugs , and their cure . to which is added , a short discourse of the pain in the teeth , shewing from what cause it does chiefly proceed , and also how to prevent it . by tho. tryon . london , printed for the author , and sold by l. curtis near fleet-bridge . 1682. of cleanness in meats and drinks . of the excellency of good airs , and of the contrary . of the benefits of clean sweet beds , and of the inconveniences of feather-beds . what matter it is that does occasion the generation of that pernicious vermin called bugs , that so many hundreds in this city , and other great towns , are infested with ; more especially in holland , italy , new-england , barbadoes , jamaica , and in many other places . that they are never bred but where beds are : and that their being generated from wooden bedsteads , or from hogs hair in the plaisterings of the walls , is a meer story , promoted inconfiderately by persons mistaken in the productions of nature : also , how all such persons as are troubled with them may be cured without using medicines , and directions how to avoid ever having them again . 1. of cleanness in food . what is more profitable for all lovers of health and wisdom , than food that is radically clean ? and as bread hath deservedly the first place , together with herbs , and various sorts of excellent fruits ; so the next is milk , which of it self is a brave , mild , and most friendly food to nature , very fit and profitable for all ages and complexions ; and if it do not agree with some people , it is because their stomachs are made sharp and sowred by superfluity of dainty food , and the continual use of strong drink . also milk being altered , it makes many sorts of wholesom healthy food . next to these , are various sorts of flesh , which being killed in their proper times and seasons , and when they are free from their uncleannesses , surfeits , and other inconveniences , which most beasts are subject to ; and if care be taken also that they be well and moderately seasoned with salt , and boyled in plenty of river or spring-water ( which is the best of all waters except rain-water ) they become wholesom nourishment . for , river-water hath the advantage of running through various sorts of earth , by which it sucks into it self a fat , oylie , and saline quality , which the surface of the earth does plentifully afford ; which also is the cause of all vegitation , and the lovely green colour which all vegitables are cloth'd with , does arise from this saline quality . for these reasons , river-water will brew , boil , and wash , and it is more profitable in all uses in houswifery , than spring or pump-water , and far wholesomer for men and beasts to drink . also your vessel in which your food is boyled , ought to be uncovered all the time it boyls ; for if the air have not its free egress and regress , the pure spirits in the food become as it were suffocated , and then the food so prepared becomes dull and heavy ; for the air is the essential life of the spirit ; and all food that hath not plenty of water , and the free influences of the air , in its preparation , does certainly lose its natural colour , with the pure smell and taste : for if those three qualities be not preserved in all preparations of food , then the genuine vertue and lively tinctures are in part lost . the same is to be observed in all physical operations . and if the above-mentioned order be not observed , then the food is not so pleasant to the pallate , nor so easie of concoction ; it lies heavy in the stomach , dulling and stupifying the senses ; it generates a gross nourishment , and bad blood , whence does proceed many diseases : whereas if the above-mentioned rules be observed ; and your fire quick , that your food do not stand still , or cease from boyling , till it be sufficiently done , the effects are contrary . it is also much better the food should be a little under-prepared , than too much : for when the gross plegmatick body of any food is by preparation digested , then presently the lively spirituous quality is set at liberty , whence does proceed a most pleasant smell and taste ; which pleasant quality , before the preparation , lay hid or captivated in the body of phlegm ; but so soon as this phlegmatick body is in part destroyed , the spirit becomes volatile ; and then , if the preparation be continued , those pure spirits do either become suffocated , or evaporate ; and then the sweet balsamick body turns as it were sowr . for these reasons , all sorts of food , either over prepared , or twice prepared , are of a strong fulsom taste and smell ; as all meats heat again , and also pottages , and all such things , do obstruct nature , and generate many diseases . but if the forementioned rules be observed , the food so prepared is not only more pleasant to the pallate , but far lighter of digestion , and breeds better blood. for that universal distemper ( the scurvy ) which reigns so much in england , is chiefly caused by food ill prepared , and the eating of too much flesh , and fat things , especially in the improper seasons of the year , viz. from iuly to the last of november . in this season the sun , which is the true life and power of all things , declines ; and all sorts of herbage , which is the food of all beasts that are generally eaten , doth the same : the grass all this season is fraught with a gross phlegmatick matter ; besides , it is a fainty hot time ; the air , which is the cherishing life of all things , is more gross , and full of humidity , than all other times of the year ; the spirits of all sorts of creatures are also weak , and on any accidents are quickly wounded , or evaporated , more especially those beasts that come from remote parts to great cities . besides , it is then the principal time of their generating , which renders them unclean . are not the people ten-fold as sickly in this season , and double the number die , than they do at other times ? also you may observe , that the rots amongst sheep , and murrains that attend other beasts , are all or most of them in this season : therefore all sorts of people ought to be more careful of their health , both in exercises , meats , and drink , that they do not exceed either in quantity , nor eat things that are improper in quality . this is the time that all shepherds , and also those that are drivers of horses , and indeed all that have the government of cattel , ought to have and use double the prudence in the management of them , than at other seasons of the year , as i have more largely discoursed in a small treatise , which i intend to put forth , if i am permitted , of the preservation of sheep from the rot , and horses from surfeits . there are three marks by which every one may know whether the flesh be good the first is by its pure white and brisk red colour , when raw. the second is by its continuing its firmness , being plump or swelled when boyled , having a brisk and lively taste , and that after eating it feels easie and pleasant in the stomach . the third is , by its taking salt well ; for if your flesh be free from heat and surfeits , and not over-fed , which charges the body with gross phlegm ; as also if it be not kept longer after it is killed ( as indeed it ought not ) than it be thought to be cold , before it is salted ; all such flesh will take salt greedily , and it will not only keep longer from putrifaction , but it will eat much sweeter , and breed better nourishment . for , if any sort of cattel be over-fed , furfeited , or any other inconveniency attends them , and they be killed before they have recovered themselves of those injuries ; or if it be in august , september , or october , this flesh will not take salt so well as the former , neither will the salt preserve it half so long from corruption . also , as it is before-mentioned , if flesh be kept too long after it be killed , such flesh will not receive salt into it , as other will , which is salted as soon as it is cold : for by keeping it does certainly lose its pure spirituous quality , so that the body becomes heavy , gross , and dull . does not the life and spirits of most sorts of food waste and evaporate by keeping , if there be not a proper way of preservation used ? if flesh , by any inconveniencies , have lost its pure lively spirits and vertue , salt then hath no power to preserve such flesh from putrefaction : for salt cannot preserve the body from corruption , but by vertue of the pure subtile spirits , which are a pleasant habitation for the salt to incorporate it self with : for salt will not preserve flesh from putrifaction , any longer than the vertue and power of the spirit does continue , as it does appear by all salted flesh and fish : for through length of time the spirits become either suffocated , or evaporated , and then it presently falls into putrifaction : and yet this same flesh does still continue salt ; for salt does not destroy and purge the flesh from its corruption , but incorporates it self with the essential spirits , and those two do as it were tie or hold the corrupt part captive , till the spirit and life of the flesh be spent or wasted , and then the flesh falls into putrifaction , which cannot be recovered , eitheir by salting , or any other art , to its first state : but if the salt had purged or destroyed the humidity and gross part , then there would have been no room nor matter for putrifaction , and then it would have continued firm and sound , as many other things do , which are freed from that gross humid matter from which putrifaction does proceed . therefore flesh is naturally the most unclean of all food , it being of a gross phlegmatick nature ; and if care be not taken , and order and temperance observed in the eater , it generates abundance of crude and noxious humours . 2. cleanness in houses , especially in beds , is a great preserver of health . now beds for the most part stand in corners of chambers , and being ponderous close substances , the refreshing influences of the air have no power to penetrate or destroy the gross . humidity that all such places contract , where the air hath not its free egress and regress . in these shady dull places beds are continued for many years , and hardly see the sun or elements . besides , beds suck in and receive all sorts of pernicious excrements that are breathed forth by the sweating of various sorts of people , which have leprous and languishing diseases , which lie and die on them : the beds , i say , receive all the●● several vapours and spirits , and the same beds are often continued for several generations , without changing the feathers , until the ticks be rotten . besides , we have many feathers that are imported from several countries , which are the drivings of old beds , the uncleanness whereof is not considered . as to the nature of feathers , they are of a strong , hot , fulsom quality : for , fowls , of all creatures , are for the most part the hottest ; and their feathers contain the same nature : therefore the constant lying on soft feather-beds , does not only over-heat the back and reins , weakning the joynts and nerves ; but they have power also not only to receive but retain all evil vapours and excrements that proceed from , and are breathed forth by various diseased people . hence it comes to pass , that sundry distempers are transferred from one to another , by lying upon or in such beds , which distempers do secretly steal on a man by degrees , so that he cannot imagine whence the disorder proceeds , or what the cause thereof should be . but i would not have the reader mistake me ; all people are not subject to get diseases this way : there are some whose constitutions are strong , and their natural heat and spirits are vigorous and lively , by the power and vertue whereof they withstand and repel all such evil vapours and scents as do proceed from such beds , when a man is hot and sweats in them , that they have no power to seise the spirit : but , on the contrary , when such people shall lie on such beds , whose natural heat is weak , their spirits few , and whose central heat is not able to withstand or repel those vapours and scents which such beds send sorth when a man is hot in them , this last sort of people are subject to receive injuries , and contract diseases : for those evil vapours do powerfully penetrate the whole body ; and if they are not withstood by the central heat and power of the spirits , then these evil vapours do seise the spirits , and incorporate themselves with their likenesses : for every particular thing does sensibly and powerfully seek out its likeness , and wheresoever it finds its simile , it hath power to incorporate , and become essential . these are the chief reasons why one man gets diseases by lying with diseased persons , and in unclean beds , and others not . it is a general custom , when men go abroad or travel , to desire clean sheets , imagining them to be a sufficient bulwark to defend them from the pernicious fumes and vapours of old stale beds ; bu● it is too short . for , it is certain , that most or all beds do perfectly stink , not only those in inns and houses of entertainment , but others : not but that every ones bed does smell indifferent well to himself ; but when he lies in a strange bed , let a man but put his nose into the bed when he is thorowly hot , and hardly any common vault is like it . now this sort of uncleanness , which does proceed from old beds , is not only the greatest , but also the most injurious to the health and preservation of mankind , and the least care is taken to prevent it : every one that can , will have plentiful changes both of linen and woollen garments ; for if they have not , experience does shew , that the excrements and breathings of the body will generate vermin . also do not most people take care that their furnitures are daily brushed and rubbed , and their very floors washed , as though they were to eat their food on them ? but all this while they lie on beds that have not been changed , or hardly aired , in several years . let any indifferent person judge , which is most pleasurable and healthful , to have a clean floor to tread on , which costs many hard days labour to keep so , and is dirtied in a moments time ; or to have a clean sweet bed to lye on . there is no comparison to be made , the difference is so great ; the one being essential either to health or sickness ; the other an indifferent thing . if there was but the tenth part of the care taken to keep beds clean and sweet , as there is of clothing and furniture , then there would be no matter for the getting of diseases , nor for the generation of bugs . i would have all housewifes , and others , consider the reasons of these things . are not lice , that troublesom vermin , bred from the breathings of the body , for want of often change both of linnen and woollen ? and will not fleas breed from the very dust of chambers where people lie ? also any woollen that hath been used about beds , although the cold winter hath destroyed them , yet if these clothes lie in any close place , where the air hath not its free egress and regress , these very garments will generate fleas the summer following : but if these clothes had never been used about men and women , they would never have bred fleas : for there is no matter of element in wooll or cloth for the generation of such creatures ; but wooll , cloth , furs , and hair are chiefly the eliment of moths , and sometimes of small worms ; that is , if such things are kept in places where the refreshing influences of the air have not their free egress : for all such places do contract great store of moisture , which , when hot weather comes , causeth putrifaction , whence all such vermin do proceed . but if those things be in daily use , and exposed to the open element , they never breed any vermin : so that the generation of those things are generally caused by accidents ; not but that there is matter in the radixes of such things for the generation of such vermin . 3. from the pernicious smells and putrified vapours that do proceed from old beds , are generated the vermin called bugs , ( of which , neither the ancients , nor the modern writers of this age , have taken any notice ) according to the degrees of uncleanness , nature of the excrements , and the closeness of the places where beds stand : for some peoples excremenes are not so unclean as others : also in all close places , especially in cities and great towns , the spirits and thin vapours of the air are suffocated , which makes the same air sulphurous and humid , whence does proceed putrifaction . therefore it is not to be thought a general rule , that all old beds should breed bugs , as some ( who are ignorant of the operations of nature ) will be apt to say , if one bed do breed them , why not all ? no , it is according to the nature of the uncleanness , and other accidents that do happen : for where ( as is said before ) the thin pure air , with the refreshing influences of the sun and elements , have their free egress and regress , all such matter is destroyed whence such vermin is produced . the original of these creatures called bugs is from putrifaction , occasioned by stinking scents and vapours which do proceed from the bodies and nature of men and women , and the mixing or incorporating of these vapours with moist and sulphurous airs : for where there is no heat nor humidity , there can begin no putrifaction . therefore all that have attributed the generation of this vermin to wood , as bedsteads , and the like , are grosly mistaken in the productions of nature ; for there is no matter in wood that can generate such a vermin , it being productive only or chiefly of two creatures in england , viz. of wood-lice , and a small worm . these wood-lice are never generated but in places where the sun and air have not their free influences , so that there is store of humidity contracted ; and when the sun comes to such degrees of the zodiack , this creature is generated , which is of as different a nature from bugs , as sweet wood is from a stinking bed. also wood does breed a certain small worm , but never till the salts nature and power is decayed through length of time ; then the air enters it , which does presently cause it to contract a humid quality , from whence proceeds putrifaction , whereof , when the sun is powerful , this worm is bred . but so long as wood continues sound , and is kept dry , the air having its free influences on it , i affirm , that no sort of wood ever breeds any kind of vermin . 4. there are many also that attribute the generation of this creature to hogs hair , which being mixed with lime , and houses plaistered with it , does occasion ( say they ) the generation of bugs . now it is most certain , that there is no possibility in nature for this production : for no kind of hair ever breeds any living creature , except it be put into water or mud when the sun is powerful , and then this creature , thus generated , retains its first species , viz. a hair , with a live head , which was its element whence it proceeded : but if you take it out of the water , it presently dies : so also it doth when the sun declines in heat , as most sorts of vermin that are bred through heat and moisture do . but hair being mixed with lime , all matter of generation is thereby totally destroyed : for lime does chiesly contain a harsh , fiery , keen , sharp , corroding quality ; it is so sharp , that it does destroy all life , and is as contrary to it , as light is to darkness ; the predominant quality in it is the salts nature , from which no living creature can be produced . besides , if there were never so much matter in hair for the generation of such vermin , lime would destroy it ; for in lime there is only a sal-nitral fiery vertue . 5. if the reasons before-mentioned be not sufficient to convince the ignorant of their erroneous opinions in this particular , then i hope the following one will , which is more familiar to every one . it hath never been known , that this troublesom vermin was ever seen in warehouses , kitchens , parlours , dining-rooms , or any places where beds have never been , except they have by accident been brought into such rooms or warehouses , by furniture of chambers that have been troubled with them , though all such places have the same furniture as chambers , except beds . 6. from the same substance or matter whence bugs are bred , is also occasioned the generation of many nasty diseases in the blood ; so that the destruction of the matter that breeds them , is of greater consequence than most people are sensible of : and if these following rules be observed , i dare affirm , that the generation of bugs will cease , and also many other inconveniencies and distempers , that are got by this sort of uncleanness , will be avoided . first , you are to destroy all press-bedsteads which stand in corners of rooms , being made up with boards so close , that the air cannot penetrate or dry up and consume the moist sulphurous vapours that are contracted . these sorts of beds , that stand so , are apt to have them more than others . also you are to set your other sorts of beds as near as you can in the most airie places of your rooms , exposing them to the air the most part of the day , with your chamber-windows open , that the air may freely pass , which is the most excellent element , that does sweeten all things , and prevents putrifaction . in the night also you ought not to have your window-curtains drawn , nor your curtains that are about your beds ; for it hinders the sweet refreshing influences of the air , so that the air of all close places becomes of a hot sulphurous nature and operation ; the thin pure vapours , which do wonderfully refresh nature , are as it were suffocated : and this preventing the influences of the air , is in an especial manner observable , when people are sick , or out of order ; as though the sweet pleasant air had been the cause of their disease : such rooms being so very close , with great fires in them , that if a healthy person do but continue three or four hours in them , the fulsom steams and thick vapours will much disorder him , and take away the edge of his appetite : and if so , what will the operation be on those whose spirits are weak and disordered with distempers . what is more pleasant and healthful than good air ? it chears and comforts the spirits , it opens the passages of the joynts and nerves , it purifies the blood , creates an appetite , increasing strength and vigour : but , on the contrary , hot , thick , sulphurous airs do not only obstruct the passages of the spirits , but suffocate them , loading the joynts and nerves with evil juices , whereby the limbs and members become full of pain , causing a general tenderness to possess the whole body , and destroying the appetite , and the power of the digestive faculty in the stomach . also , do not all houses and places grow musty , and contract too great store of moisture , if the air be any way prevented , by window-shutters , or the like , that it cannot have its free egress and regress ? therefore moderate clothing , hard beds , houses that stand so as that the pleasant briezes of wind may air and refresh them , and also houses that are full of windows , are to be preferr'd : for where the air hath not its free influences , the spirit becomes dull and heavy , this being the true life of the spirit in every thing . 7. now the certain means and way not onely to prevent the generation of this vermin , but also to preserve ▪ health and strength , are straw , or rather chaff-beds , with ticks of canvas , and quilts made of wooll or flocks to lay on them ; which certainly is the most easie and pleasant lodging that can be invented : and a little custom will make it appear friendly to nature , and in every respect far beyond the softest feather-beds , on which , when a man lies down , he sinks into them , as into an hole , with banks rising on each side of him ; especially if two lie together , when first they go to bed they lie close , and after a little time , when they begin to be hot or sweat , they are generally willing to lie a little further off , that they may cool themselves , but cannot do it without great difficulty and trouble , by reason of the softness of the bed , and those banks that rise on each side . besides , such soft feather-beds do over-heat the reins and back , making all the parts tender , and causing sweatings and many other inconveniencies to attend the body . feather-beds also are nothing so easie as quilts , after a little time being accustomed to them ; they are also extream fulsom , and by their heat they do powerfully dry up the radical moisture , causing a general faintness to attend the whole body . but , on the contrary , hard , even beds , that lie smooth , are not only easie through custom , as is mentioned before ; but a man may turn freely , both sleeping and waking : they harden and strengthen the whole body , especially the back and reins , make the nerves and sinews strong , preventing the immoderate evacuations by sweating , and keeping the body in a temperate heat . besides , such beds may be often changed , with but little trouble , and less cost ; they send forth no stinking fumes or steams , as feather-beds do ; but are sweet and clean . certainly nothing is more healthy , next to temperance in meat and drink , than clean hard beds . 8. all sorts of beds , especially feather-beds , ought to be changed , driven , or washed , at the least three or four times in a year ; or else it is impossible to keep them sweet and clean , and to prevent the generation of vermin , or the other inconveniencies before-mentioned . would not every one condemn a man , if he should wear a shirt a year , and lie in sheets seven years ? which if any should do , it would not either endanger his health , or bring half the inconveniencies on his body , as old stinking feather-beds do ; which possibly stunk before ever they were lain on , by reason of the fulsom excrements that the quills of the feathers contain . also feathers do certainly contain an unclean putrified matter , that hath a near affinity with the nature of bugs ; and therefore feather-beds are more apt to breed them , than wooll , or flocks ; though both will do it , if the forementioned rules be not observed . but if you are not willing , or so lowly-minded , to have straw or chaff-beds under your quilts , then you may have flock-beds , with canvas tickings , which may be both aired and washed as often as you please , with little trouble and charge . if any shall question the truth of what i have alledged concerning beds , i desire they would please but to try the experiment , by filling a bed with the freshest and cleanest straw or chaff , which will smell very pleasant ; and having so done , let them lie on it half a year , in a corner of a room , as beds generally stand , and then smell to it ; and in stead of sending forth a pleasant scent , as it did at first , it will send forth a strong , fulsom , musty steam or fume . and if this will do so , what will feathers do , that in the root of nature are unclean fulsom excrements , of a hot strong quality ? therefore they have the greater power not only to attract and suck in to themselves the fulsom excrements that are breathed forth of the body by sweatin̄gs , and the like ; but they have also power to retain such evil vapours : and when others come to lie on them , and are throughly hot , it awakens those pernicious steams , which often bring many inconveniencies on the body . besides , it is very unpleasant to lie in such beds ; a man must always be forced to keep his nose above-board . indeed each mans own bed does not stink or smell strong to himself , because he is accustomed to it ; neither does a tallow-chandler smell those horrible scents and pernicious fumes that old tallow sends forth when it is melted : but let any other person , that is not accustomed to it , be near such things , and it will be very offensive to him . even so it is in all other stinking trades , and things of this rature : so that the greatest slut in the world does hardly smell her own house or bed stink : for in man is contained the true nature and property of all things , both of good and evil ; therefore he is both liable and also apt to receive all impressions , and to be wrought on by all things he shall either communicate with or joyn himself to , whether it be cleanness , or the contrary . also by meats , drinks , and communication , all things have power , by a sympathetical operation , to work on man , because he is like unto all , bearing a proportionable nature unto all things . if people did understand this , they would prefer sobriety and temperance , with cleanness , far beyond what they do ; and then men would not be subject to so many diseases as now they are . 9. heat and moisture is the root of all putrifaction ; and therefore bugs are bred in summer : but they live all the winter , though they are not then so troublesom . they harbour in bedsteads , holes , and hangings , nitting and breeding as lice do in clothes : but all men know , that woollen and linnen are not the element of lice , but they are bred from the fulsom scents and excrements that are breathed forth from the body . the very same radix have bugs ; and if there be any difference , they are from a higher putrifaction , and therefore they are a more noisom stinking creature . 10. the whole preservation of mens health and strength does chiefly reside in the wisdom and temperance of women . therefor the ancient wise men in former ages , did direct and accustom their women to a higher degree of temperance than the men. which customs of sobriety the women of several countries do maintain to this day , as in spain , great part of france , italy , and many great countries under the dominion of the grand seignior . their women do always drink water , their food being for the most part of a mean and simple quality ; and for this reason neither they nor their children are subject to several diseases which our women and children are . wine and strong drink should be sparingly drunk by women , till they are past child-bearing ; because the frequent and common drinking of strong drinks , does generate various distempers in the female sex , such as are not fit to be discoursed of in this place , which their children often bring with them into the world. if the seed be good , yet if the ground be bad , it seldom brings forth good fruit. also women are our nurses for fifteen or sixteen years ; and they do not only suffer us to be gluttons , by letting us eat and drink often , of their ill-prepared food , beyond the power of the digestive faculty , and more than the stomach can bear ; but many of them will entice us to gluttony , and some will force their children to eat even against their stomachs , till they cast it up again . now if it be a difficult point for a man of age and experience to observe the necessary rules of temperance , how careful then ought mothers and nurses to be in ordering their children ? a great part of the children that die , especially in towns and cities , is occasioned either by the intemperance of their mothers , during the time they go with child , or afterwards by their unnatural and badly-prepared food , and suffering them to eat to excess ; also by their keeping of them too warm , and too close from the air , and lapping of them up in several double clothes and swathes , so tight , that a man may write on them , and then putting them into warm beds , and covering them up close . if a strong man was so boand up , he could not endure it , without great injury unto his health . besides , the window-curtains are drawn , and also the curtains about the bed ; by which means the air becomes so hot and sulphurous , that it causes great disorders to attend both the mothers and the children . this ill kind of management does also cause such a tenderness both in the mother and the child , that on every small occasion they are liable and apt to get colds , and divers other distempers . also women have the entire management of all things that concern our healths , during the whole time of our lives ; they prepare and dress our food , and order all things in our houses , both for bed and board . there is not one man of a hundred that understands or takes any notice whether his food be well prepared or not ; and if his bed stinks , he is used to it , and so counts it all well . mens time and study is chiefly taken up about getting a livelihood , and providing things necessary for themselves and families ; so that there is not one among a thousand that understands any thing what belongs to the preservation of his healt● whatever t●e women do and say touching the preparation of 〈◊〉 and other ordering of families for health , most men believe , 〈◊〉 making the least scruple or question of the truth thereof . and well they may : for the chiefest doctors of our times do bow before them , and are altogether as subject to the rules and directions of women , as other men. where are your doctors that teach men sobriety in their lives , or the proper and natural way of preparing meats fit for the stomach ? which of them adviseth against the evil custom of keeping their chambers so over-hot , when people are sick , and in the time of womens lying in child-bed ? why do they not advise them not to have their curtains so close drawn , both before the windows and beds , insomuch that they are oftentimes in a manner suffocated for want of the fresh air ? for , i affirm , that all sorts of people that do keep their beds , let the occasion be what it will , have ten-fold more need of the refreshing influences of the air , than others that are up : for , the bed being much hotter than a mans garments are when he is up , the thin , refreshing , moist vapours , that do penetrate the whole body more powerfully when a man is up , are thereby hindred . this is one chief reason why a man cannot digest a supper so well in bed , as if he sits up . all men know , that the bed destroys appetite . if a man go to bed at eight a clock , and lies till eight in the morning , he shall not be hungry ; but if he goes to bed at the same time , and rises at four in the morning , though he sits still without action , yet by eight he shall have a good stomach to eat and drink ; so great is the power of the air : for when a man is up , his body is cool , and the pure spirits and thin moist vapours of the air have power to penetrate the body ; which element the body sucks in like a spunge thorow the pores ; and this does not only cool and refresh the spirits , and the whole body , but also powerfully strengthens the action of the stomach . but i pity the young children most , who are so tender , and of so delicate a nature , both in their body and spirits , that every disorder does wound them to the very heart . nothing is more grateful and refreshing to them , than the pleasant air : it comforts their spirits , and causeth a free circulation of the blood and radical moisture , begets appetite , and makes them grow in strength : but , on the contrary , hot sulphurous airs , with great fires , and warm clothing , do not only hinder the circulation of the blood , but suffocate the spirits , and destroy the appetite , causing an unnatural heat to possess the whole body ; whence does proceed various disorders and diseases , making them to cry , and be very froward . also close bindings , and over-warm clothings , and thick hot airs , do oft in weak-spirited children cause convulsions , vapours , and fumes to fly into the head , sometimes occasioning vomiting , which people call windy diseases . again , the food of most children , of late years , is so enriched with west and east-india ingredients , that is , with sugar and spices , that thereby their food becomes so hot in operation , that it does not only breed too much nourishment , which generates obstructions and stoppages , but it heats the body , drying up and consuming the radical moisture , and infecting the blood with a sharp fretting humour , which in some complexions and constitutions causeth languishing diseases , contracting the breast and vessels of the stomach , and hindering the passages of the spirits , so that the joynts and nerves become weak and feeble : in others , with the help of bad diet , and other uncleanliness , does cause botches , boils , and various sorts of leprous diseases . also many that have wherewithal , will frequently give their children sack , strong drinks , and fat meats , as long as they will eat , which is abominable , and absolutely contrary to the nature of children . there are a hundred other disorders and intemperances that many mothers and ignorant nurses affect their children with , which i have no room in this place to discourse of : therefore i commend unto the women milk that is raw , only made so hot as the mothers or nurses milk is when the child sucks it ; and sometimes milk and flower boyled together , giving it the child about the warmness of breast-milk ; and indeed , neither children nor others ought to eat any food hotter . also no children ought to drink any kind of strong drink : i could commend water , as the most wholesom ; but it being contrary to our custom , ordinary beer may do well , or rather small ale. if women did understand but the hundredth part of the evils and diseases those indulging and intemperate ways do bring both to themselves and children , they would quickly be of my mind ; which i never expect ; they are too wise . a short discourse of the pain in the teeth , shewing from what cause it does chiefly proceed , and also how to prevent it . the terrible pains and diseases of the teeth do chiefly proceed from two causes . the first is ●rom certain filthy phlegmy matter which the stomach and vessels do continually breathe and send forth , which does lodge or center in the mouth , especially between the teeth , and on the gums ; and some people having fouler stomachs than others , such do breathe forth very sowr , stinking , phlegmy matter , which does not only increase the pain , but causeth the teeth to become loose and rotten : and for want of continual cleansing and washing , those breathings and this phlegmy matter turns to putrifaction , which does eat away the gums , as though worms had eaten them : and this defect is generally attributed to the disease called the scurvey ; but it is a mistake : the cause is chiefly , as is mentioned before , from the stomach , or for want of cleansings . 2. this distemper of the teeth and gums does also proceed from the various sorts of meats and drinks , and more especially from the continual eating of flesh , and fat sweet things , compounded of various things of disagreeing natures , which do not only obstruct the stomach , but fur and foul the mouth , part thereof remaining upon the gums , and between the teeth . for all such things do quickly turn to putrifaction , which does by degrees corrupt both the teeth and gums . besides , our beds take up near half the time of our lives , which time the body is not only without motion , but the bed and coverings do keep it much hotter than the day-garments , especially of those that draw the curtains of their windows and beds so close , that the pure spirits and thin refreshing vapours of the air are hindred of having their free egress and regress , which does dull and flatten the action of the stomach ; and this is the chief cause why suppers lie hard in the stomach , and require more than double the time for perfect concoction , than the same food does when a man is up , and in the open air : for this element , if it hath its free influences , is sucked in , as by spunges , through all the pores of the body , and does wonderfully refresh , comfort , open , and cleanse all the parts , having power to assist and help concoction : but hot , dull , thick airs do destroy the action of the stomach , and as it were suffocate the pure spirits , drying up and consuming the radical moisture . therefore the night does foul the mouth more than the day , furring it with a gross slimy matter , especially those that hav● foul stomachs , and are in years , which ought to be well cleansed every morning . 3. whatsoever are the disorders in the body , the mouth does always partake of them ; besides the evils that the variety of food , and the improper mixtures of flesh and fish , and many other things , which do foul and hurt both the teeth and gums . when any person is disordered with inward diseases , does not the mouth quickly complain of the evils thereof ? this very few do consider in time . 4. it is to be noted , that most people do attribute the diseases of the teeth to colds , and rheums , and other outward accidents . it is true , outward accidents will further this disease , but then there must be matter before-hand , otherwise outward colds can have no power to cause this pain . the same is to be understood in all stoppages of the breast , and other obstructions , as coughs , and the like . for , if any part be obstructed , or there be matter for distemper , then , on every small occasion of outward colds , or the like accidents , nature complains . if your teeth and gums be sound , and free from this matter , take what colds you will , and your teeth will never complain , as daily experience doth shew . for all outward colds , and other accidents of the like nature , have no power to seise any part of the body , except first there be some inward defect or infirmity : suppose the teeth be defective , then the disease falls on that part ; or if it be the head , eyes , breast , back , or any other part or member of the body , that is obstructed , the evil is felt in that part. therefore if the mouth be kept clean by continual washings , it will prevent all matter which may cause putrifaction ; and then colds , and the like accidents , will have no power to seise this part , or cause this terrible pain . even so it is in all other parts of the body . if temperance and sobriety be observed in meats , drinks , and exercises , with other circumstances belonging to health , then stoppages , coughs , colds , and other obstructions , would not be so frequent on every small occasion : for temperance has an inward power and operation , and does as it were cut off diseases in the very bud , preventing the generation of matter whence distempers do proceed , increasing the radical moisture , and making the spirits lively , brisk , and powerful , able to withstand all outward colds , and other casualties of the like nature . 5. there are many various things , of divers natures , prescribed by physicians , and others , as washes to preserve the teeth and gums ; but most of them , if not all , to little or no purpose , as daily experience teaches : for , all high , sharp salts , and things of a sowr or keen nature , do rather cause the teeth to perish , than the contrary ; as do all hot spirits , be they what they will : many have destroyed their teeth by the frequent use of such things , and it hath hardly ever been known that any such things have ever cured or prevented the aking pains of the teeth , but water only . many examples i could mention , if it were convenient . physicians , and others , do daily prescribe such things for the cure and prevention of this disease of the teeth , which most of them do know by experience can do no good , but rather the contrary : but when people come to them , they must give them something for their money ; for interest and ignorance have more affinity with this sort of people , than vertue , and the true knowledge of the nature of things . most certain it is , that the shepherd and husbandman do know far better how to prepare the meat for their cattel , and also how to preserve them from disorders , than many physicians do their food or physick : and a man shall understand more by conversing with some of this sort of people , than with the learned : for the shepherd and husbandman understand something of nature ; but most of the learned are departed from the simple ways of god in nature , putting out their own eyes , and then boasting what wonders they can see with other mens : they have invented many words to hide the truth from the unlearned , that they may get the greater esteem . this hath chiefly been done to advance pride and interest ; so that the divine eye is departed from many of them , who never make any inspexion into the true nature of things , being contented to take other mens words , let it be right or wrong , as long as they have authority and law on their sides , wherefore should they trouble their weak heads ? 6. the best and most sure way to prevent the diseases and pains in the teeth and gums , is every morning to wash your mouth with at the least ten or twelve mouthfuls of pure water , cold from the spring or river , and so again after dinner and supper , swallowing down a mouthful of water after each washing : for there is no sort of liquor in the world so pure and clean as water ; and nothing doth cleanse and free the teeth and gums from that foul matter which does proceed from the breathings and purgings of the stomach , and from the various sorts of food , so well as water : the use of other washes is to little or no purpose ; but whosoever do constantly wash their mouths with water , as is before mentioned , shall find an essential remedy . all hard rubbing and picking of the teeth ought by any means to be avoided , for that is injurious to them . also whensoever you find your mouth foul , or subject to be slimie , as sometimes it will more than at others , according to the good or evil state of the stomach , though it be not after eating ; at all such times you ought to wash your mouth . this rule all mothers and nurses ought to observe , washing the mouths of their children two or three times a day ; and also to cause their children to swallow down a little water , which will be very refreshing to their stomachs : for milk does naturally foul and fur the mouth and teeth , and if they be not kept clean by continual washing , it causes the breeding of childrens teeth to be the more painful to them . 7. to keep your teeth white , one of the best things is a piece of a china dish , or a piece of a fine dutch earthen dish , made into fine powder , and the teeth rubbed with it . 8. few there be that understand or consider the excellent vertues of water , it being an element of a mild and cleansing nature and operation , friendly unto all things , and of universal use : but because it is so common , and so easily procured , i am afraid that many people will be like naaman the syrian , when the prophet elisha advised him to wash seven times in the river of iordan to cure his leprosie ; it being the ignorance and folly of most people , to admire those things they do not know , and , on the other side , to despise and trample under foot those things and mysteries they do know ; which the learned in all ages have taken notice of : for , should some people know what apothecaries and others give them , they would despise the physick , and have but little respect for their doctor . all housewifes do know , that no sort of liquor , be it what it will , will cleanse and sweeten their vessels , but only water ; all other liquors leaving a sowr stinking quality behind them , which will quickly cause putrifaction : but water in its own nature is clean and pure , not only for all uses in housewifery , and the preservation of health ; but the saints and holy men of god have highly esteemed this element , by using it in the exteriour acts of divine worship , as having a simile with the eternal water of life , that does purifie and cleanse the soul from sin. finis . taylors feast contayning twenty-seaven dishes of meate, without bread, drinke, meate, fruite, flesh, fish, sawce, sallats, or sweet-meats, only a good stomacke, &c. being full of variety and witty mirth. by john taylor. taylor, john, 1580-1653. 1638 approx. 69 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 54 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a13502 stc 23798 estc s111405 99846760 99846760 11748 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a13502) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 11748) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1475-1640 ; 1010:21) taylors feast contayning twenty-seaven dishes of meate, without bread, drinke, meate, fruite, flesh, fish, sawce, sallats, or sweet-meats, only a good stomacke, &c. being full of variety and witty mirth. by john taylor. taylor, john, 1580-1653. [6], 103, [1] p. printed by j. okes dwelling in little st. bartholmews, london : anno. 1638. the first leaf is blank. error in pagination: page 7 is incorrectly labeled p. 9. reproduction of the original in the henry e. huntington library and art gallery. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food -england -humor -early works to 1800. 2000-00 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2001-06 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2001-08 tcp staff (michigan) sampled and proofread 2001-08 tcp staff (michigan) text and markup reviewed and edited 2001-11 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion taylors feast : contayning twenty-seaven dishes of meate , without bread , drinke , meate , fruite , flesh , fish , sawce , sallats , or sweet-meats , only a good stomacke , &c. being full of variety and witty mirth . by john taylor . london : printed by j. okes dwelling in little st. bartholmews . anno. 1638. the names of the severall dishes served in at this feast . 1. the invitation . 2. bread and salt. 3. great and small oysters . 4. brawne and mustard . 5. powderd beefe and cabbadge . 6. a chine of roast beefe . 7. strong beere . 8. venison . 9. wine clarret . 10. puddings and sawsadges . 11. two pigges , one raw , and the other roasted in a cloak-bag . 12. a goose. 13. a cup of sacke . 14. a couple of fat ducks roasted . 15. a cup of small beere . 16. twelve woodcocks in a dish . 17. a loyne of veale . 18. a custard . 19. a whole sturgeon like an old colt. 20. a fresh salmon . 21. sixe six-penny mutton pyes to make up the feast . 22. a pudding-pye . 23. a foole. 24. cheese . 25. a posset . 26. musicke . 27. one hundred faggots to warme the guests , and dresse the meate . taylors feast , contayning twenty seaven dishes , without bread , drinke , meate , fruite , flesh , fish , sawce , sallats , or sweet-meates . the invitation . first i would have my guests understand this point of modesty , not to presume to come unto my feast without bidding , except they bring stooles with them ( as unbidden guests should do . secondly , i observe a rule of the italian ( which is now of late in great use in england ) which is to invite a man most earnestly to dinner or supper , hoping hee or they that are so invited , will have more manners then to come : but if they do come , then the inviters doe esteeme the guests unmannerly , and that they want good and gentile breeding . thirdly , i would have none but such as have the gift of abstinence and fasting to come to my feast , for my house stands ( as other gentlemens houses do ) in a very wholesome and hungry ayre , that shall not take away any mans appetite , but allowing every man to depart with a good stomacke to his meate , ( when he hath it ) which is an apparant and infallible signe of health . lastly , as many as please to come over my house any morning , shall be very welcome to breake their faces before they goe : or if the greatest enemy i have doe ride within a mile or two of my dwelling , let him or they make bold to stay there a moneth ( if they please ) and take such as they finde and welcome , for i will be but at ordinary or small charge in providing . now gentlemen readers , or all of what degree so ever , that doe read this , i pray you all to take notice that you are my guests , for the entertainement and dyet you are like to have , i pray takeit in good part , washing is costly , and soape is deare , therefore i will not have any table-cloath , or napkin fould , for you shall have no occasion to wash your hands , licke your lipps or fingers , nor shall you neede to make use of a tooth-picke , you shall have no cause to draw knives , neither shall here be any carving of either the wing of a coney , or the fore-legge of a capon : heere is no troublesome shifting of trenchers or platters , nor exception for the highest place at the board , for the dyet is a like in all places of the table , ( and to avoyde pride and emulation ) i have caused it to be made and fram'd , neither long or short , or middle size , square , round , or ovall ; and so you are all welcome unto my tantalian feast , which is drest without kettle , pot , or spit , dripping-pan , frying-pan , ladle , scummer , cooke , scullion , jacke , or turne-broach : so now at the first sight you may perceive bread and salt , which is first placed upon every mans table , and so likewise at my feast , and so in good order you shall finde the rest of the feast follow in their due course and order . 2. bread and salt. bread and salt are the first ushers to the feast . the anagram of bread , is beard or bared , and though salt come in with the first , yet salt anagrammatiz'd is last ; which signifies that bread and salt should be the first broght in to a table , and last bared and carried away . but my bread is not for every mans tooth , it not being made of wheate , rie , barley , oates , mescellin , beanes , pease , or any graine , pulse , or roote whatsoever . it is neither dough baked , baked dough , or burnt in the oven , neither leavened or unleavened , nor any yeast , barme , or rising put into it , ( for it might fill my guests with wind in stead of puffing them up with vaine glory . ) it hath neyther crust or crum , nor is it chip'd or unchip'd ; for the colour and finenesse of it is neyther white , wheaten , raunged , or browne : it is neither in the shape of loafe , rowle , cake , bunne , wig , manchet , ruske , bannock , jannock , symnell , or bread-pye , nor is it cheat-bread , for it shall satisfie every man as much as hee lookes for : if it bee distastfull unto any , let him dippe it in the salt , and it will be savoury presently . 3. great and small oysters . my bawdy boy , having thus procur'd faggots , yet hee 'l not be idle , but for your better content , the same tyde hee will fit you with two bushels of great and small oysters ; for before hee had rowed foure miles , he overtooke a katch that was swiming up towards london loaden with oysters . well overtaken katch-man sayes one , gramercy water-man said the other ; wilt thou buy 100. of faggots , said bawdy boy ? i know not what to doe with them said the other ; but yet i care not if i give thee a crowne for them : bawdy boy reply'd , i was glad ( quoth hee ) to take them for part of a desperate debt , for where i had them , i could get no money , and my house is little , so that i want roome to lay them in , which is the cause that makes me to sell them to thee at so cheape a rate . the match being thus made , the faggots were delivered into the katch , and the five shillings was paid to the water-man , who presently demanded of the katch-man if his oysters were good ? who answer'd , that his great ones were at sixe shillings the bushell , ( water-measure ) and his small ones at two shillings the bushell : bawdy boy said , thou hast bestowed thy money with me for faggots , and i will leave it againe with thee for oysters ; i will give thee a crowne for a bushell of the great , and two shillings for the small : all parties being agreed , the oysters were measur'd , and throwne into the boate : i pray thee katch-man said bawdy boy , give me one great oyster or two into the bargaine , which whil'st the katch-man was reaching , the other put off his boate , and rowed away : the one call'd ho water-man , thou hast not payd me for my oysters , the other said , you lye katchman , you have faggots for your oysters ; the other reply'd , thou hast money for thy faggots , the other answer'd , thou hast faggots for thy oysters , and for thy money both , and thou art an ignorant fellow , that know'st not how to reckon right : so away rowed he , and i pray gentlemen fall to your oysters . 4. a coller of brawne . will baxted , a late well knowne fine comedian , went in a morning , on one of the twenlve dayes in christmas time , upon occasion of businesse to speake with an old rich miserable house-keeper , and having done what he came for , hee tooke his leave , leaving the old man in his chamber : but as hee was going out of the doores , he said to the fellow that let him out , my friend , is not this christmas time ? yes that it is said the other ; then sayd baxted , will not your master bee angry if i doe goe away and not drinke ? the fellow said , no sure , i thinke he will not be offended at all for such a small fault : o but ( quot baxted ) it is good to be sure , and i am loth you should have any ill will for my sake , therefore i pray you , aske your master if he will not be angry with you , if i doe goe away before i drinke : sir sayd the fellow , i will not aske him such a question , but i will make you drinke without his knowledge . so into a celler they went , and strong beere was drawne in a horne-cup , and as baxted was drinking , the master of the house knockt , and call'd , and whistl'd for his man as if hee had beene mad , so that the fellow was faine to leave baxted in the celler , and run upstaires in haste to his master , who angryly said , ( sirrha ) where have you beene ? and what is the reason that i have knock't , and bounc'd so long for you ? sir ( sayd the servant ) i was giving a cup of beere in the celler to the player that was with you : how , said the master , thou idle wastfull knave , doe i keepe a tap-house or ordinary for every companion to tipple in ? i 'le make thee know it is not my disposition , nor is it for my reputation or profit : truely sir , said the fellow , i could not chuse but make him drinke for shame , hee spake such words that mov'd me so ; and with that he told his master what baxted said , and that he had left him in the celler alone : a rope on him said the old man , i will goe to him , and bid him welcome , ( though but with an ill will ) the mad knave will jeere me else . so he went to the celler , where finding baxted , hee said , you are welcome , and i thanke my man for having so much manners as to entertaine you ; for my head was full of businesse , and so i drinke to you good mr. baxted , and i pray you what say you to a slice of a coller of brawne and mustard this morning ? o sir , sayd hee , i would not say any thing at all to it , but i would doe somewhat to it if i had it ; truely mr. baxted ( said he ) and you shall have it ; so with an ill will he sent his man for it , who brought into the celler a goodly coller of brawne , whole and uncut , baxted knowing the riches of the man , and the miserable poverty of his minde , drew forth his knife , with a full resolution to take the coller lower , though the anger were raysed the higher , so with a desperate acute stomacke hee cut out a peece as bigge as a penny-loafe on the top of the brawne , which he presently consumed , and more for roagery than hunger : in the meane space the sight of the brawnes demollishing vext the old man : but baxted persisting twixt jeast and coller , gave it the second cut in the other side on the top , so that it look'd forked like the signe of the myter ; at which the old man could no longer hold , or contayne himselfe from speaking , saying , master baxted , are you marryed sir ? no sir quoth he , i am single , and i keepe no house ; the other said , i thought so by your cutting of brawne , for i doe thinke you doe neither know the price of such a coller , or what belongs 〈◊〉 it . baxted answered him , sir , indeed for the price i neither know , nor care for , but yet i doe know what belongs to it , which is a cup of muskadell , if i could get it . so the old mizer was faine to send his man to the taverne for halfe a pinte of muskadell , to wash downe baxteds brawne , who was no sooner gone , but the old man in a rage gave his man warning to provide him another master , for hee would keepe no such riotting knaves that would entertaine such bold guests . 5. powderd beefe and cabbage , and a messe of mustard . a water-man ( now living ) named gilford , dwelt on the bank-side , and comming home to his dinner , which was beefe and cabbage , of which hee had made pottage , hee prayed his wife to make haste , and take it off the fire , that hee might quickly dine , and bee gone ; and whilst the woman was reaching a porrenger and platter , a cur-dog came into the house , lifted up his legge , and pist in the porridge-pot amongst the meare and cabbage , which the man perceiving told his wife , and catch'd the dogge , and almost beate him to death : but the woman intreated her husband to eate his dinner , for it should bee never the worse , when shee had strayned the pottage through a cleane cloath , but all her perswasions could not make him eate . mustard . three gentlemen of the ancient race of redshanks , ( now called highland-men , because they inhabite in the mountaynous parts of the north of scotland ) these three having occasions to come into england , being at their inne , had to their dinner a peece of powdered beefe and mustard : now neither of them had never seene mustard before , wherefore one of them demanded what deele it was ? the host answered , that it was good sawce for their meate ; sawce said the other ? it hath an ill looke , i pray let me see you eat some first ; then the host took a bit of beefe , and dipt it in the mustard , & did eate it : the highland-man presently tooke his meat and rowl'd it in the mustard , and began to chaw , but it was so strong , that it was no sooner in his mouth , but it set him a snuffing and neesing , that he told his friends , ( ducan and donald ) that hee was slaine with the grey grewell in the wee-dish ; he bid them draw their whineards , and sticke the false lowne , ( their host ) hee pray'd them to remember his last love to his wife and barnes , and withall to have a care to beware of the grey grewell , for the deele was in 't . but after the force of the mustard was spent , the gentleman left neesing , all was pacified , mine host was pardoned , and mustard was good sawce for powderd beefe . 6. a chyne of beefe roasted . afaire chyne of beefe was once given to mr. iohn fletcher , ( the poet ) he pray'd his hostesse , ( being an old woman neere the bank-side , where he lodged ) to salt it well seven or eight daies , and he would invite some friends to the eating of it : the day being come , and the chine at the fire , the woman had not playd the huswife so well in salting of it , but that it had taken ayre , and entertain'd more tenants than were welcome : but after it had beene three houres at the fire , master fletcher had a minde to have a slice hot from the spit , and for that purpose came downe from his chamber , drew his knife , and cut ; and as hee cut , hee espyed maggots drop out , at which hee was angry , but suffering the spit to goe about , hee cut on the other side , and found it worse : whereupon fletcher being alone , ( for the woman was gone forth , and left the jacke to looke to the spit ) was so enraged , that hee tooke the spit up , and setting his foot against the meate , footed it off , and threw it into a muddy ditch on the other side of the way , and putting the spit into the jackerope againe , went up to his chamber againe in a chafe : the old woman suddainly comming in , and seeing the meate gone , was amazed , and stept into the streete , and asked some of her neighbours , if they saw any body goe into her house ? one made answer , that mr. fletcher went over to the ditch , and backe againe , but he saw no body else ; then the woman went to see , and shee perceived the mudde was newly inclosed over something that had beene cast there in lately : so she fetcht a rake , and raked the beefe out of the ditch , put it under a pumpe , and with a wispe , ashes , and sand , wash'd and scower'd it , so that all the gentiles in it were confounded , then to the spit shee put it againe , winds up the jacke , which made a noise in his language whir , whir ; which mr. fletcher hearing , mused what was provided for dinner for his guests and himselfe ; the old woman being gone into her back-side , fletcher stole softly downe the stayres , and peeping towards the fire , saw the chine a roasting the second time , at which amazement hee biest himselfe , saying , art thou crawl'd thither againe , thou shalt never be remov'd for me againe : so it was roasted , and gave good content to the guests , but some of them said , it had taken winde . gentlemen , i doubt you have sate too long over your beefe , and therefore a cup of beere is not amisse , and then you shall be furnish'd with some other viands . 7. strong beere . two souldiers of old acquaintance , having beene long asunder , chanced to meete , and after salutations they agree'd to enter an ale-house , where a formall fashionable tapster fill'd them as much nicke and froath with petars of tobacco , as made them ( in his estimation ) to bee reckoned at two shillings ; they fell to the discourse of their severall fortunes and services , the one of russia and poland , the other of germany and sweaden ; they talk't of hunger and thirst , cold , and nakednesse , sieges , and assaults , artillery , ammunition , guns , and drummes , wounds , scarres , death , and all the perils incident to men of the sword. the tapster over-hearing them , said , that they were the better welcome for being souldiers , and that hee had beene one of that martiall traine himselfe in the low-countries , where ( hee thank'd god ) hee neither did harme , nor tooke any ; the best was , that hee had learn'd so much wit that no man could couzen him : the souldiers answer'd him , that his labour was worth his travell , in learning so much cunning , and so they paid their reckoning , and departed . they had not gone farre , but they met with another of their old acquaintance , ( a cunning shark ) to whom they told the bragging confidence of the tapster : how said he , will he not be couzned ? tell mee where hee dwells , and goe you two and stay at a taverne that 's next him ; and i will first be with him , and then come quickly to you . the place being told , and the taverne appointed , the witty soldier went to the tapster , and call'd for two gunnes of beere ; guns quoth the tapster ? canns you would say ; the other reply'd , i doe meane cannes , but i have beene so us'd to cunnes in the warres , that i forget my selfe , and call every thing a gunne : so the beere was fill'd in , and drank , and the tapster fill'd his gunnes or cannes by couples , which they dranke betweene them ; then the souldier said that hee saw a tapster winne a wager lately beyond beleefe ; for he brought sixe cannes of beere from the tap all full , in one hand , and set them on the table , not spilling one drop ; sir , said the tapster , i dare to lay a crowne that i can doe that , i will lay as much that you doe it not said the other ; so the wager was layd on the boord , but whilst the tapster was filling the cannes , the souldier ran away with the money , and straight perceived for all his wit and cunning , yet was able to be couzned . 8. venison and wine . a gentleman dwelt two miles from a market-towne , where ( at a taverne ) hee caused some bottles of wine to be fill'd to carry home , because he had invited some friends to his house to eate a venison pasty with him the next day : but his man and himselfe dranke so hard , that they forgot their liquor , ( i meane the bottles . ) the next day being come , and dinner ready to bee laid on the table , they remembred the wine ; so the gentleman commanded his man to take a horse , ( which was sadled in the stable ) and to ride for the wine with all speed . well , to dinner they went , and the serving-man to the stable , the pafry was opened , and to 't they fell , and after an houres time expecting the wine , now sayd the gentleman , methinks my man is riding hither in post , i heare the horse dash ; at which words the fellow entred : hah well said , art thou come said the master ? we have stay'd long , and thou hast made but slow speed ; a poxe on 't said the fellow , if i should bee hang'd i cannot finde the bridle . 10. puddings and sawsadges . the pudding and the sawsages will bee cold gentlemen , if you doe not fall to , and then they will not be worth a sir-reverence ; and methinks it is an easie peece of logick , to prove a pudding to bee a perpetuall motion , for it is alwayes moving . and as an arrow , flies from butt to butt , so doth a pudding poste , from gut to gut . simon wadle , a vintner , ( that once kept the taverne neere the temple-barre , at the signe of saint dunstane ) with some other vintners , had beene to taste and buy wines at the merchants , and having done their occasions , happened into the three tunnes at garlike-●ithe , where all the meate they could have on the suddaine , was a pound of sawsadges ; wadlo being hungry , had no great stomacke to have so many partners in so small a dish , and having an old rotten tooth in his pocket , ( which a barbar in fleet-streete had drawne from him the day before ) hee secretly convey'd , and thrust the said tooth into one of the sawsages , which he himselfe first tooke into his hand ; and after his associates had each one tasted a little , and began to bee quicke and nimble , wadlo snap'd his old tooth in his chaps , and pulling it forth , shewed it to the company ; upon the sight whereof they were all struck with feare and amazement , beleeving by the tooth , that the sawsages had beene made of mans flesh : so they call'd for sacke and sallet-oyle , supposing they had beene poysoned ; but wadlo fell to with a good stomacke , saying that hee could be no worse poysoned with them than hee was : the man of the house vowed that the murderous jade that made the sawsages , should be burnt . but after wadlo had eaten up all , hee sent for the barbar that drew the tooth , and every man was presently cured , and the sawsagewoman escaped burning . 11. a pigge . a collier , neere croyden , having loaden his cart with coales for london , a woman that dwelt neare him that was nurse to a marchants child of the city , desired the collier to remember her humble service to her maister and mistresse , and to tell them ( god be thanked ) their childe was well ; and withall she intreated the collier to carry them a live pigge , ( which she had put in a bag before the colliers face : ) the collier tooke the bagge and made it fast upon the top of his cart , and away came he . when hee came into london where hee should deliver his coales , hee tooke the bagge with the pigge , and tyed it under the cart to one of the spoakes of the wheele , and when hee had almost unloaden , a couple of porters stood and perceived something moove in the bagge , did suppose it was a pigge or a goose , or some such creature , which they had borrowed upon some common or high way , as they came by night : and whilst the colliers were busied , & absent in carriage , and empting their sackes , the porters stole the pigge out of the bagge , and put in a little cur dogge of their owne , making it fast as they found it , and away go they : the dogge impatient of his bondage , began to frig and fling , as he had bin mad , that the colliers said , the divell was newly entred into the pigge ; or else the pig did presage that hee was neare his owne death . wel , the cart being empty , the collier takes the dog-pigge , and carried it to the marchant , delivering his message ( which was welcome ) saying that he must carry the bag backe agen ; so hee went to a side table , and opened it , and putting in his hand for a pigge , the dogge bit him by the fingers ; a pox on yee dee bite , quoth he : what doth he bite : quoth the marchant , it can not be , i will take him out my selfe , then the marchant put his hand into the bag , and the dogge snapt him so currishly that hee fetcht blood of his fingers , at which hee was angry , and bid the divell take the collier and the pigge both . at which the marchants wife laughed , and cald them both fooles , and with that she tooke the bagge by the bottome , and shooke out the dogge : the dogge being amazed , ( not knowing where hee was ) turn'd round twice or thrice , and leapt over a hatch , and away ran he home to pick the bones of the pigge : the collier hang'd down his head all ashamed to looke upon the marchant . the marchant ( standing with his fingers bleeding ) very angerly asked the collier that if hee had no body but hee to abuse , and play the knave withall , to bring him a dog instead of a pigge : to whom the collier replyd , and also affirm'd with an oath , that his intent was free from abusing him or any man else , and that it was a pig in the morning . the marchant swore it was a dogge , the collier swore it was a pig ; and so much good may it doe you with your pig. a pig miraculously roasted . but a raw pig is no mans meat , and therefore now you shall have one roasted , and strangely over-roasted . a gentleman that dwelt about enfield ten miles from london , had a buffe , tough suite in law , that had lasted him ten yeares , and every terme hee sent his counsellor a pig , scalded and ready drest for the spit : it fell so that at the beginning of a mid-summer terme : richard the serving-man had the pigge in a cloak-bag a horse-backe behind him , and as he was riding by totnam-high-crosse , other serving-men were there drinking at the signe of the swan , who espied richard , they cald him to make him drinke . richard was glad to see his old acquaintance , and alighted , put his horse in the stable , tooke off his cloak-bag , and layd it on the board , telling his friends of the pigge , and that it was the fortieth pig that he had carried in ten yeares from his master to a lawyer . the company gave richard the hearing , and with all one of them cunningly stole the pig out of the cloakbag , and carried it into the kitching , cōmanding it to be speedily roasted : in the meane time they plied richard with cup after cup , that they were al merry : the pig being roasted , they wrapt it close in the napkin again , that no heat should come from it , and put it into the cloak-bag : so they took suddain leave of richard , who was quickly mounted with his piping hot pig behind him . so that he being well lined with sack , with the hot pig at his back-side , and the sunne in his face , & exceeding hot , so that poore richard did ride , as it were betweene two fires , besides the horse trotted terrible , which made the cloak-bag skip , and the pig was tost as in a blanket : in these occurrences , richard was halfe stewed , so that the sweate distil'd from his body , and lyquored his bootes . in this bloated case he came to london , and set up his horse , tooke off his cloak-bag , which carrying under his arme , it was so hot that his side seem'd to scald , and hee thought he had gotten a plewrisie , or a burning feaver . being come to the councellours chamber , hee remembred his masters and mistresses loves to him , and that they had ( acording to custome ) sent him a pigge , and withall complained of the soultrinesse of the weather , and the extreame heate he was in . then he puts his hand into the cloak-bagge to take out hte pig , which was so hot , that he said there was fire in it ; at last hee drew it out , and when hee opened it , that it had gotten aire , it reak'd and smoak'd in such manner , that richard said , there was one of the wonders of the world ; for betweene the heate of the sun , and the hard trotting of his horse , there was a pigge roasted all to pieces in the cloake-bagge . a gentleman loved the sole of a goose more than any part else , but his cooke having a wench that long'd for it , hee adventred to give it her : when the goose was carved , and brought to the table , the gentleman mist the sole , and demanded the cooke for it ; the cooke made answer , sir , this was no goose , it was a gander , and and he lost his sole with treading his sister . this goose deserves some sawce , but i can swimme no more than a goose , therefore i 'le wade no further : much good may it doe you gentlemen . 13. a cup of sacke . now it is but folly to offer a little sacke to my readers , for it is not a little or small sack that can hold them ; yet for all that they may hold or contayne a little sacke , ( when they have it . ) a roaring gallant having dranke so much sacke , that his head and belly were full , and empty of ebriety and sobriety , and his purse and brayne discharg'd of wit and money , was inforced to cast up his sacke with more haste than he receiv'd it , which being done , and his stomacke somewhat eas'd , hee threw the pottle-pot downe the staires , saying , drawers , you rogues , bring more sacke , for all this is gone . a spitch-cocke , or roasted eele turn'd to a bull. there was a great dispute held amongst good fellows once , of what thing in the world would live longest after exquisite and extreame torments : the judgement was generall , that it was an eele , for first hee would live after his head was off ; after he was flay'd , after hee had his entrailes and heart taken out , after he was cut in peeces , yet every peece would have life in it , after it was laid on the gridyron : then one of the company said , i doe approove of your opinions ; for an eele doth live longer after hee is dead , than any other thing that everliv'd on the earth . 14. a couple of fat ducks roasted . neere the citty of gaunt in flanders , in a small village there was lately a priest that preached , or rayled most bitterly against the protestants , calling them reprobates , cast-awayes , hugonats , and hereticks , good for nothing but to feed fire , flame , and faggots ; for which constant way of invective talking the priest was mightily followed by abundance of ignorant people , ( the most part women ) as the like troupes doe into many places haunt schismaticall seperatists , that willingly would dislocate the conformity and unity of the church . amongst the rest of this priests auditorie , there was one man and his wife that seldome failed to heare him ; but it hapned that the woman was to give her mayd-servant leave to goe to a wedding at gaunt , ( where she had a kinswoman to bee married ) so that her mistris was forc'd to stay at home that sunday , and dresse dinner for her husband and family . the sermon being done , the goodman came home , and told his wife that their priest had made an extraordinary piece of worke , that the like was never spoken , and that hee thought all the protestants were knock'd downe with his words , and that he was griev'd at the heart shee was not at church to heare him . at which report the woman was so full of griefe , ( for her being absent from so rare a matter ) that shee could eate no meate to dinner , but fed upon sorrow ; her husband began to comfort her , and told her , that if shee would bee merry , and eate her meate , hee would procure the priest to come to their house on the wednesday following , and there , ( in their parlour ) he should repeate the same sermon to them privately . the woman was well contented with the motion , and said , that shee would bestow a couple of as good ducks roafted on him as ever hee eate in his life . ( now you must understand , that the woman was hard and miserable , and did seldome use to feede her husband , or any other with ducks : and the priest on the other side , did love a ducke so well , that hee would run over the parish after them . ) well , the wednesday was come , the priest came , the ducks were on the spit roasted , the sermon was repeated , and dinner was expected : the woman arising from her seate , made a low courtesie to the priest , saying , sir , i will goe into the kitchin , and make haste with your meate , the while i will leave you with my husband to discourse . in the parlour : so the good wife went to her maid , saying , in faith wench our priest hath made a good declaration , but i would my ducks were alive againe , for it grieves me to remember how the pretty fooles would quacke , quacke , about the backsides ; but troubles my mind more , to thinke how , like wolves , the priest and thy master will devoure them . the maid answer'd her dame , that if she pleased , that we two here will eate up the ducks in the kitchin , the whilst the priest and hee are prating in the parlour . the woman reply'd , that she could finde in her heart to doe it , but shee could not answer the matter with credit . then said the maide , dame , let us eate the ducks , and i will lay my quarters wages against them , that wee will come off with fame and credit . the match was agreed upon , the ducks were taken from the spit , and betwixt them one was eaten , and the other dismember'd , and spoil'd : what must be done now said the dame ? i pray you ( quoth the maid ) to lay the cloath , with bread , and salt , and trenchers ; which she did , ( her husband bidding her make haste with dinner ) then shee came to her maid againe , and asked what must further be done ? then said the maid , you see our knives are foule and blunt , i pray you whifper our master in the eare , and tell him you will turne the grindstone whilst hee doth sharpen them : then the woman did as her maid bid her , and as her husband and shee were grinding in the back-side , the maid went into the parlour to the priest , and told him that he was in great and suddaine danger , for her master and dame were much defam'd by reason of too much familiarity which was suspected betweene her dame and his good father-hood , and therefore they had sent for him , with a trick to abuse him , to make him relate a sermon , ( which they regard not : ) and as for the ducks which he expected , shee swore truely there was not a ducke in the house : the maine plot was , that they did purpose to gueld him , and therefore were sharpning their knives ; which if hee pleas'd but to looke out at the hall-window , he might plainely see . the priest was all amazed at this newes , and looking , ( as the maid said ) hee spied the man and his wise grinding and turning , at which sight he took his heeles , and ran away as if hee had beene two stone lighter than hee was . then the maid went to her master , and said , that shee thought the priest was mad , or the devill was in him ; for he came suddainly into the kitchin , and was run away with both the ducks . whereat the hungry man was angry , and in haste ( with one of the naked knives in his hand ) he ran after the priest ; so they both ran , the one for feare , and the other for hunger : the man calling to the priest , bad him for shame not to carry them both away , but to let his wife have one of them : the priest made answer ( as he ran ) that thy wife and thee are a couple of rogues , and they should both bee hang'd before they had one of them , and that he would keepe them both whilst he had them . thus the sermon was said , the priest was affraid , his hunger unstay'd , the jest well laid , the wages paid , gramercy maid . 15. a cup of small beere . my reader perhaps may bee thirsty or dry with relating this long tale of the ducks , therefore it cannot be amisse to give him a bowle of small beere for a cooler . a gentleman that dwelt tenne miles from london , sent his footman in all haste to the citty , to tell a merchant welcome newes of a rich unkle of his lately dead , that had left him somewhat to make him merry for his death , with an out-side mourning in blacke , and an in-side laughing with sacke . the foot-man having his message , with a letter , made as much speed as hee could , in hope of reward for his good tidings , so that he seem'd by his pace to have wings on his heeles , and by the fogge or sweate hee was in , you would have suppos'd him to have beene bloated or stewed body and bones . being come to the merchant , hee deliver'd the letter , which after he had halfe read , the contents contented him so , that hee call'd his maid , commanding her to fill a bowle of beere , and give it to the foot-man , ( who stood dropping with sweate as if he had newly beene duck'd ) but hee setting it to his mouth , swallowed it with extreame eagernesse , and finding by the taste that it was a poore mortified liquor , having no vivacity left in it , but meerely cold , comfortlesse , and at the best , a poore decayed single-soal'd drinke , although it were dead , and a deceased remnant of humidious aquacity , nay though it had not upou the death or departure from its cinnicall or diogenicall habitation given so much as a good rellish , a smacke , or a taste to the poore foot-man , that ever any malt had beene drown'd , drench'd , or imbrew'd into it , yet hee ( as a man of a milde temper ) amidst his heate , unwilling to speake ill of the dead , did plainely tell the merchant thus : sir , i doe thinke that your beere hath ran as fast as i have ran , and faster . why sayst thou so ? ( quoth the merchant ) because said the other , it sweates more then i do : it cannot be said the marchant : the foote-man replied that if it did not sweate , he was much deceived , for hee was sure it was in a cold sweate , or all of a water . another piece of beefe , and then how the beefe was purchased , &c. though beefe be accounted a grosse dish at most of our late sardanapolitan feasts and banquests , yet i doubt not but many of my guests ( or readers ) wil be well pleased to eat beefe ( when they have it ) but i being reasonably well stored , will tell them how i came by it , and then ( as they like it ) let them fall too and welcome . now how the beefe was purchased . a brace or couple of monilesse gallants , who had met with some believing or credulous mercer and taylor , and sworne ( and lied themselves into compleate suites of praeter-plu-perfect-plush , or well deserving beaten uelvet : these two had long time shared equall fortunes , and did purpose to live and dye in a brotherly conjunction ; and indeed it was pitty to part them . it befel that upon an ash-wensday , they chanced to read a proclamation for the strict observing and keeping of lent ; at which they were both exceedingly grieved , so that the one said to the other , i cannot live according as is here commanded , for i will eate no fish , and therefore must have flesh : the other then replied i i thinke neither of us have friends , money , or credit , to purchase flesh or fish ; but if thou canst borrow a porters habite , as a frock , cap , basket , rope , or halter ; stockins , shooes , and the like , then i will assure thee , i will load thy backe with good beefe ; my wit shall get it , and thy backe shall beare it , and our old hostesse where we lodge , will powder it , and wee all will bee merry , and eate it . to be short , the out-side of a porter was borrowed , and on the thursday after ash-wednesday , to the butchers went this gentleman-porter , and his consort the kater . ( now there was an old doctor of physicke , which for some reasons shall not be named : hee dwelt in london , of good repute , and great estate , but so lame of the gout , that he seldome went out of his house , but sate in a chaire , and gave his opinion of urins and diseases , and directions , and bills to patients and apothecaries . ) this doctor was the stake or ayme that the master cheater did purpose to make the buckler for his knavery : for comming to a butcher , hee bargained with him at the best rate for so many stone of the chiefest beefe , with a legge and shoulder of mutton , and loyne of veale , which came to fifty shillings and odde money ; which being cut in peeces , and joynted , and laid in the basket , he asked the butcher if hee knew such a doctor of physicke ? ( as afore-said ) the butcher said that he knew him well , that hee was an honest gentleman , and that one of his men did buy meate often of him at his shop ; the cheater reply'd , that hee was also one of the doctors men , and that hee that was wont to buy meat of him , was his fellow , but he was gone into the countrey about some occasions , and that himselfe for his part had laid out all his money in the citty uppon other things for his master , therefore hee intreated the butcher to let one of his servants to goe home with him , and take his due for his meate : the butcher said it was a busie time , and had my customers to serve , yet hee commanded one of his men , ( calling him richard ) to goe with the gentleman , to bring 52. shillings and 10. pence , and to make haste backe againe . away went the butcher , the porter , and the gentleman , who asked the butcher his name , and of what country he was ? he said his name was richard snelling , of such a parish in northamptonshire ; the cheater straite began to call richard cousin , and told him , that himselfe was a snelling by the mothers side , and that hee would doe more for him than hee was aware of . when they came into a lane neere london wall , ( called philiplane ) where the old doctor dwelt , the cheater said richard , i will goe before , and have the gate or doore open , because the porter is loaden ; so running apace to the gate , hee knock'd , which straite a maide opened , to whom he said , yonder comes a butcher with a porter , i pray you let them rest here in the hall whilst i doe speake a word with your master in the parlour : as hee requested , it was done , and the cheater went to the doctor , and told him that hee was a gentleman famous for learning and experience , and that though hee were lame in his legges , yet hee was sound in his art and profession , which had moved him to bring to him a patient , ( his kinsman ) who was of gentle birth , but in his wild youth ran from his parents , and bound himselfe apprentise to a butcher , and now within two dayes he was halfe franticke , and talk'd of nothing but money , which he thought was some distemperature in the brayne , through want of sleepe , which surely sir ( said he to the doctor ) i am perswaded that you can effect in one night , and you shall have ten pound for the cure : he is very milde and tractable , his fault is onely talking of money , and he staies without in your hal. i pray you call him in said the doctor , which the cheater did , saying , richard , goe into the parlour , my master will pay you : so in went the butcher to the physitian , the whilst the two cheaters went away with the meate . then richard entred with his cap off , and made many scraping legges to the doctor , who bade him put on his cap , and take a stoole , and sit downe by him ; but richard said , hee had more manners than so , desiring his worship to helpe him to his money : alas good fellow sayd the doctor , i would not have thee to set thy heart upon mony , for they that doe love money , are bewitch'd with this world , and have little thought or hope of a better ; that money was like fire and water , very necessary for the use of man , ( so long as they are servants , and kept under ) but where they get the maistry , they will doe a man a world of mischiefe . richard reply'd , ( sir ) i care not for money , but i must have money of you for my master beefe : to whom the doctor said , richard , thou art farre gone , how long hast thou beene in this case , to talke thus idly of money ? i pray thee canst thou say thy prayers , or creed ? then straite the butcher began to waxe hot , and said , that he was not farre gone , nor would goe without his money ; and for the case hee was in , it is the same hee will be in , till he have his money : and as for prayers , hee came not thither to pray ; and therefore i pray sir , to leave jesting , and give me my money , for my master and mistris are hastie folkes ; and will bee very angry with me for my long stay , and therefore give me my money . the doctor perceiving that he could not put richard out of talking of money , did suppose he was stark mad , and therefore he quickly called for his men , ( william and thomas ) and commanded them to take richard , and put him into a close chamber , and to draw curtaines , and shut up the windows , whereby hee might be kept darke , ( for the better settling of his braines ) saying that richard came of good friends , and that a worthy gentleman ( his unkle ) was with him but now , and further , that hee had a good hope to cure him in short time . the serving-men ( as their master bad them ) tooke hold of richard , who would not goe with them ; then they began to pull , hale , and tugge him , so that richard in anger , asked if they would make him mad : then they fell by the ears , and cuffe , and buffetted till they were bloody-nos'd , and their bands torne ; the doctor still crying to his men , away with him , i will tame him before i have done , that he shall set his minde no more upon money . richard ( being weake ) was dragg'd perforce to the chamber , when presently the butcher ( richards master ) came to the doore , and knock'd , demanding whether hee had not a servant in the house ? one of the men said , there was a young fellow in the house that was stark mad , and that they would hhe had beene hang'd before they saw him , hee had beaten and torne them so : what , is he mad , ( quoth the butcher ? ) yes said the other , hee talkes of money , and would have it of my master ; but feare not ( honest man ) my master will cure him . what , is my man mad said the butcher ? yea quot the other , hee would have money , i told you : money , why should hee not have money said the butcher ? he must , and shall have money , and so will i : are you as mad as your man said the serving-man ? then we must be troubled to have another darke chamber for you too ; and ( growing to high words one with another ) at last the butchers wife came , ( flinging her armes as if she had beene swimming ) using the volubility of her tongue to a shrill and lofty straine , ( a principall vertue in too many women ) that the house rang with the clamour , ( as if it had beene a cock-pit ) asking her husband why hee staid there , and where the idle rogue her man was , that hee brought not away the money . the old lame doctor , hearing such a noise , asked one of his servants what the matter was : who told him that the butcher and his wife both were come for money : hoy-day , said the doctor , i thinke all the world is made for money ; goe and tell the butcher and his wife , that i have not darke roomes enow in my house for them : so after a little conference together , the doctors maid affirm'd that a porter rested his meate in their hall , whilst the other gentleman spake with him in the parlour , and that they both went away when the butchers man went in : thus the truth was cleared , the cheaters were victual'd , the doctor was gull'd , the butcher was couzned , and richard was released . 16. twelve woodcockes in a dish . about sixe or seaven new molded gallants , ( whose outsides were silke and slashes , and their insides jeeres and flashes ) were invited to a worthy cittizens house to dinner , where amongst a great deale of other good cheare , there was brought to the board a jury of woodcockes in one dish , laid head to head in the center of the platter , as fantastick travailers and their wives doe lie feete to feet in the great bed of ware , sometimes by dozens . these guests ( beeing loath to conceale their small tallents of wit ) had an especiall art to breake ten good jeasts of other mens , before they were able to make one good one of their own : they began to jybe at the woodcockes , and said they were a jury empanell'd ; another sayd , it was hard to judge whether they were a petty , or a grand-jury : a third said , that he thought that those twelve were an embleme of the twelve companies . the citizen ( being a gentleman of place and eminence ) not thinking their eering worthy of his anger , would not set his gravity against their foppery ; yet thus mildly he answered them . you are welcome gentlemen , and i do wish that my entertainment were better for you : i see there is one dish that distastes you , but it shall be taken away ; for i do assure you , that i never had so many woodcockes at my table at one time in all my life ; but i thinke the fault is not in my cater , for here are at least halfe a dozen more then he provided . so hee commaunded one that waited on , to take away the roasted woodcockes from the rest . 17. a loyne of veale . although the bodies of men are all ( or the greatest number ) of one forme or a like frame , all compacted and composed of the foure elements and humors : yet those elementary humours are so variously mixed in men , that it makes them different in their appetites , affections , inclinations , constitutions and actions : for example , some wil gape and make water at the sight of a hot roasted pigge ; some wil run from an eele ; some dce hate cheese so , that they will not handle a knife that hath cut it : some will sweat at the sight of a messe of musrard . mr. anthony munday ( sometimes a writer to the city of london ) would run from the table at the sight of a fore-quarter of lambe roasted : and a reverend grave judge of this kingdome , did abhorre a ducke as it had bin a divell . another gentleman did love salt , but by no meanes could indure to see it about the sides of a dish , but would swound at the sight of it . a schoole-master in this citty cannot indure to smell apples . amongst all these , i my selfe did know one thomas vincent that was a book-keeper or prompter at the globe play-house neere the banck-end in maid-lane : as also i did know iohn singer , who playd the clownes part at the fortune-play-house in golding-lane , these two men had such strange and different humours , that vincent could not endure the sight or scent of a hot loyne of veale , and singer did abhorre the smell of aquavitae : but it hapned that both these were invited to dinner by a widdow , ( that did not well know their dyets ) and as they sate at the boord , a hot loyne of veale was set before vincent , who presently began to change colour , and looke pale , and in a trembling manner hee drop'd in a swowne under the table ; the widdow ( being in a great amazement ) made haste for an aquavitae bottle to revive him , which was no sooner opened , but the very scent sent singer after vincent in the like foolish traunce . but when the veale and aqua vitae were taken away , after a little time the men recover'd : vincent went into another roome , and dranke , and singer call'd for the veale , and din'd well with it . 18. a custard . a prating fellow , that dwelt in a citty that had in former times beene governe by bayliffes , and was newly made a majoralty , did brag that their first majors feast was most sumptuous , and in price and value beyond the lord majors of york or london , for besides other dishes and provision , there was sent in by the gentlemen of the countrey , fourteene brace of bucks ; i demanded of him at what time of the yeere their major was chosen ? he answer'd me , that about the twentieth of october hee tokee his oath , and kept his feast : i reply'd , that i thought hee was mistaken , for the season for buckes doth not hold or continue till the moneth of october ; then hee said , that if they were not bucks , they were does : to which i seemed to grant ; but withall i told him , that if they had beene bucks , all had beene too short of our london feast ; for wee were able on that day to drowne such a towne as theirs with sixteene tunne of custard . 19. a sturgeon like an old colt. there is a market-town ( which i will not name in print ) in the roade betwixt london and yorke , which hath a pretty river or brooke rnnnes by it , up which brooke it did chance that a sturgeon did swim or shoote , ( somewhat neere the towne ) the which a gentleman that dwelt neere , espied , and caused a small rope to bee put through the gills of the fish , and fastened it to a stumpe of a willow , intending to take it as a wafte or stray , that fell into the limits of his owne bounds or royalty : but as hee was gone to make provision for the carriage of it , and to call his servants for that purpose , the newes of the sturgeon was brought to the towne , and the recorder told the major , that it was taken in their liberty , and that they were better to spend or give an hundred pound , than to lose or hazard the losse of so much ground as the sturgeon was within their liberty and lordship : and therfore it were their best course to goe speedily and fetch it away into the towne perforce . this counsell was lik'd and approv'd , and so with one consent , the major with his brethren , the recorder , and officers , with the whole drove or heard of the townsmen , went out to bring in the sturgeon . and as they went , master major said , that he had eaten part of such a fish many times , but in all his life hee had never seene a whole sturgeon , and therfore he did not know of what shape or proportion it was : to whom one of the aldermen said , sir , in my youth i did use to goe to sea , and then i did now and then see one , and i can compare or liken him to nothing more than to an old ragged colt ; 't is like enough to bee so ( quoth the major ) and for any thing i know he may be like a goose , a cocke , or a bull : thus as they walk'd and talk'd many words to small purpose , they espy'd a fellow leading a young colt with aslip from the brooke thwart over the field , which caused one of the aldermen to say to the major , sir , yonder man ( be like ) hath had some warning of our comming , and you may see he is about to prevent us , for he is leading away the sturgeon from us ; with that the major called aloud , saying , hallow , thou fellow , i charge and command thee , that thou bring hither our sturgeon before me : the fellow ( wondring ) answer'd , what zay zur ? marry i say sir , i charge thee bring hither our sturgeon ; what doe you meane , my colt said hee ? sirrah , sirrah , said the major , doe not you offer to put your knavish colts tricks upon me , for if you doe , i 'le lay you by the heeles : do'st thou thinke that i am such an asse that i doe not know a colt from a sturgeon ? yfaith quoth the fellow , you are a merry gentleman , and with that hee led the colt away . then the major commanded men to pursue him , and take away the sturgeon : well , the fellow ran , the townsmen ran , the colt slip'd his halter , and was encompast round , and hunting him into the towne , was met by men , women , and children , as a rare and admirable sight , and had like to have beene kill'd , and cut out into jolles and rands , and made up into keggs in pickle , but that a knowing understanding shooe-maker most luckily prevented it . in the meane time , the gentleman that first found the sturgeon , caused it to be taken up out of the brooke , and carried home unto his house and there it was drest as was fitting . the major perceiving his errour , let the man have his colt againe , with a full determination that at the common charge with the towne-purse to trie an action with the gentleman for the sturgeon . 20. a fresh salmon . the good , old , and truely right honourable charles earle of nottingham , lord high admirall of england , whose renowned memory shall never bee forgotten untill his bounteous houskeeping bee generally imitated . he being at his house at chelsey , and looking upon certaine fishermen that were fishing in the thames with their salmonnet , his lordship call'd to them , and said , my friends , if you take a salmon , and bring him a shoare living , that i may see it move , and live , i will give you your price for it : the fisherman answer'd , ( my good lord ) i hope wee shall bee able to present your honour with such a fish as you desire ; so they drew their net to land , and caught a very faire salmon . ( my lord standing on the land looking on them ) to whom the fisherman said , my lord , i have him , and you shall have him straite : so the poore man tooke off his leather-girdle , which had fastned to it a little pouch , with ten pence in money in it , and as he had put the girdle through the gill of the salmon to hold it the faster , the fish being a strong lively fish , gave a suddaine flirt or spring out of the mans armes into the river againe with the girdle in the gill , and the pouch with ten-pence ; which salmon did shoote up the river the same tide , from chelsey to hammersmith , and there it was taken by another fisherman , and the girdle with the pouch with it , which was restor'd to the right owner , and the fisherman contentedly rewarded for the same by the bounteous nobleman afore-named . 21. sixe six penny mutton-pyes to make up the feast . methinks a feast is not well set forth if there bee no pies or bak'd meates , and instead of deere , i pray gentlemen take in good part such venison as smithpenns affoord . there was a chyrurgian , or corruptly a surgeon , whose name was well knowne to me , and many more by land , but especially and truly by walter , and by shortning it an l , by water , or briefly , wat ; ( the helpe of a priest would declare the rest ) this walters stomacke did water for a six-penny mutton-pye , at a cookes named t. s. at westminster , almost over against the 3. tunnes taverne , and having eaten one pie , he lik'd the rellish so well , that hee call'd for five pies more of the same price , and valiantly consum'd them both crust and meate , outsides and linings : which being done , he heard westminster clock strike , and demanding of one of the cookes servants what time of day it was ? who answer'd him , that the clocke strooke eleaven ; oh ( quoth he ) i pray you bring me a reckoning quickly , or else i shall lose my dinner at my lord maynards . 22. a pudding-pye . an old rich tanner , with a beggerly minde , did use hartfourd market constantly every weeke , for the time of 28. yeeres , to buy and sell hides ; in all which space hee never changed his inne or hosresse , nor altered his price for diet or expences , either for his horse or himselfe ; whose horse-meate was to be tied up to an empty racke , for which one pennie paid for his standing , and another penny the tanner spent upon himselfe in a pinte of beere , and a halfe-penny loafe ; so two pence in the totall was his constant expences every market-day for so long a time : till at last as hee passed alongst the streete , he espied a wench that sold hot pudding-pies , and presently his chapps began to water , so that his quicke eye and liquorish tooth made him turne prodigall so farre as to waste a pennie upon himselfe for a pudding-pie , which he put in his handkerchiefe , and carried to his inne , with a purpose to feast his carkasse . so being set alone in a roome , hee call'd for a whole pot of beere , which the maide drew , and was carrying it to him : but meeting her dame or mistris by the way , shee asked her to whom that beere was fill'd ? for the old tanner said the maide , whereat the mistris call'd her forgetfull baggage , that had forgotten his usuall diet , to bee but a pinte of beere , and a halfe-pennie loafe : the maide reply'd , that hee had bought a pudding-pie , and would make that serve instead of bread , and therefore hee would spend a whole pennie in drinke . so it was carried to the tanner , who sate ( repentingly ) looking upon his pie ; the whilst the hostesse went into another roome , where there were some merry fellows drinking , to whom shee told how the tanner had altered his custome and diet , and that hee was in such a roome alone with his pot and his pudding-pie before him : whereat one of the fellows start up , and swore , the old miserable hound should have small joy of it ; so away went he to the tanner , ( who as yet had neither touch'd pie or pot ) to whom hee said , by your leave father , i am bold to looke into your roome , for my selfe with some friends are basely us'd in this house , for they fill us such scurvy dead drinke , as a man would bee asham'd to wash his boots with it : now you being an old guest of the house , i would taste if your beere bee better , and with that hee tooke up the pot , and dranke all off , set it on the boord againe , saying , i thought ( old man ) that you were in favour with mine hostesse , and i perceive it now by the goodnesse of the liquor : oh but said the tanner , you have drunk up all , then call for more said the other ; but who shall pay ( quoth the tanner ? ) hee that 's best able quoth the fellow ; thou art a sawcy fellow ( said the tanner ) and little better than a cheater , to come into my roome and drinke up my drinke thus basely , and therefore tell me thy name : the fellow told him , his name was gurley ; gurley said the tanner ? there was a rascall of thy name that stole a mare from me three yeere agoe , that i could have hang'd him for it if i would : with that the fellow clap'd his hand on the boord , and said , old man , that gurley was my cousin , and hee was the most desperate fellow that england bred , and did care no more for stealing your mare , than i doe at this time for eating your pudding-pie , and with those words hee suddainly snach'd up the old tanners pie , and greedily ( knavishly ) devoured it at two or three mouthfulls , leaving the miserable tanner in a mad , hungry , and thirsty anger , without either beere or pudding-pie for his two-pence . so gentlemen , much good may it doe you with your pudding-pie : now there remaines behind onely some light meate for the closure of the stomack , which i pray fall to , and welcome ; and that is a foole , being made like a custard , and when that is done , pray give eare to the musick . 23. a foole. to furnish a feast compleatly , there must be tarts , custards , flawnes , flap-jackes , and by al meanes a foole or two : and at a feast it so hapned , that a counsellour at law ( or of law ) being at the table , amongst other dishes that stood before him , hee fell to feeding most heartily upon a foole , and lovingly likeing it so well , demaunded of the mistresse of the house , what good name that most excellent dish of meate had : shee answered him , that the name of it was a foole. the lawyer replied , hat hee had often tasted the goodnesse of a terme foole , but for a table foole hee never smatch'd one that pleas'd his pallate better , and therefore hee desired her to let him have a note of the ingredients that appertained to the making of such a composition , that his wife might put it in her booke of cookery . to which request of his , the gentle-woman condescended : so after supper was ended , the counsellors man drew his pen and inke , and as the gentle-woman directed him , hee wrot . item , so much clouted creame , so much sugar , so much rose-water , so many egges , such and such spices , with other simples that are pertinent to foole-making , which i am not perfit in : but after hee had written all , he knew that his mistresse would insert it into her booke , and therefore he thought it fit to give it a title or directions above it , to distinguish it from other receites , wherefore thus he intituled it : a receite to shew my mistresse , how to make my master a foole. a tale of a foole. a young gentleman ( being a rich heire ) came a woing to a proper gentle-woman , whose sharpe wit quickly found him to be a foole , by his playing the coxcombe , and by his outward gesture ; and so shee gave him frumps for his folly , and flours for his foppery , parting as wisely as they met : which her mother perceiving , beganne to chide her , saying that shee was a squeamish proud baggage to give no more contentfull respect to a gentleman of his worth and rich hopes , and that she had best to be more tractable to him hereafter , for , ( quoth she ) your father and i , and his parents are minded and agreed that hee shal be your husband . now , god blesse me , said the maide , for i cannot love him : why canst thou not love him ? ( quoth the mother , ) i know he is very rich : rich , said the maide ? i know hee is rich , ( but , — . ) but quoth the mother , what but : you idle slut , you would say he is but a foole : you say true mother , said she , it is for that onely that i cannot affect him : the mother reply'd , that for his being a foole , it was her wisest part to take him ; for it was better for her to be married to one that is a foole already made to her hand , then after marriage to take the paines to make him one : saying further , who loves theirwives better then fooles ? who lets them eate , drinke , weare , say , or doe what they please , but fooles ? i tell thee that i was foure yeares married to thy father , and hee he curb'd me , and restrain'd me of my will so much , that hee almost broake my heart , till at the last ( with a great deale of cost and counsell from my good neighbours and cossips , ) and aboundance of care and paines taking , i made him a foole , ( and so he happily continues : ) since which time , i have liv'd a ladies life , full of content and pleasure : and therefore huswife , no more a doe , but take my counsell , and marry a foole , if you meane to live a merry and pleasant life . 24. cheese . one brag'd and boasted that when he was married , that he had at the least two hundred cookes to dresse his wedding dinner : another answered him that hee believed him not , because he knew that he had not so much as a house to put his head in , but lodged in a garret , and therefore he could not have use or roome for so many cookes : he replied , that as hee with his friends came from church , they went to a drie hedge , and set it on fire , ( every man having a piece of cheese in his pocket , ) and dividing themselves , the one halfe halfe of them on one side of the hedge , and the other halfe on the other , and so toasting their cheese , being two hundred in number , they were all cookes , and drest the wedding dinner . 25. a posset . the kings-head taverne in fleet-streete , at chancery-lane end , hath a long time bin a contenting well-custom'd house , and if the travailes of some of the drawers up and downe the staires could be measured , it may be reckoned a dayly journey of forty miles a day in a terme-time . about 30. yeeres since there was a man that kept the said taverne , whose name was gent , who was an honest fat man , ( as most fat men be ) who being in bed , about mid-night the drawers and the maids were up merry in the kitchin , to have a little recreation after their long dayes toyle : for which purpose the maides had made a great and a good posset , which exceeding hot , and well sack'd , sugar'd , and spic'd , was put into a broad-brim'd pewter bason : mr. gent being suddainly taken with an occasion to rise , ( for the keeping of his bed cleane ) put on his slippers , and as he was comming downe the staires , his servants hearing him , were in doubt they were discovered by their master , whom to prevent , they put out the light , and one of them took the bason with the hot posset , and ( to hide it ) laid it upon the seat in the house of office , master gent suspecting no harme , went thither in the darke , and set himselfe in the posset , which hee found so scalding , that hee cried out helpe , helpe , the devil 's in the privie : thus was the servants deceiv'd , the good-man scar'd and scalded , and the posset most unluckily spoyl'd and defil'd . 26. musicke . three or foure gentlemen being merry with drinke and discourse in a taverne , a musitian proffer'd them musicke , which was deny'd ; within a little time after another ask'd the same question , gentlemen , will you have any muficke ? the gentlemen began to bee angry , saying , they were musick to themselves , and of themselves , and bad the fidler get him gone ; but it was not long before the third fidler opened their doore , and peep'd into the roome , with the old note , gentlemen , will you have any musicke , a new song , or a fine lesson ? the gentlemen perceiving that no deniall would satisfie their intruding importunacy , said , do'st thou heare fellow , how many are you ? wee are foure said the musitian ; can you dance said the gentlemen ? yes sir said the other ; tha●'s well quoth the gentlemen : so without any more bidding , the musitians entred , and two of them plaid , and the other two danc'd foure or five dances ; in conclusion the gentlemen call'd for a reckoning , and paid it ; but as they were going away , one of the fidlers said , gentlemen , i pray you to remember the musick , you have given us nothing yet ; to whom one of the gentlemen answer'd , nor will we give you any thing , for we never knew any reason to the contrary , but alwayes those that dance must pay the musicke . 27. one hundred of faggots . gentlemen , the aire is raw and cold , therefore 't is not amisse to have some faggots , as well to warme you , as to dresse your meate ; and first how the faggots were gotten . there dwelt a water-man at greenewitch , who for his meritorious and notorious vertues , had justly purchas'd the nicke-name of bawdy-boy , by which name hee was generally knowne , and called , and will thereby bee many yeeres to come , had in remembrance . it happened that this fellow ( working with oares ) had a gentleman at london in his boate , whom hee carried to gravesend ; it being in a winter-night , and eleaven of the clocke at the time of their landing , the moone shining in her full brightnesse , and so calme and still was the winde , that it would not move the smoake of a chimney , or flame of a candle . when bawdy-boy had landed the gentleman , and tooke his fare , ( which was sixe shillings ) hee told his fellow what hee had receiv'd , and withall the tide being an houre flood , and no passengers left , hee thought it best to swim up emptie-boated with the streame from gravesend to greenewich , rather than to stay there , and spend their money ; and that hee doubted not , but to make some profitable purchase on the river before he gat home : in which resolve they put off their boate , and after one houres rowing , betweene greene-hithe and purfleete they overtooke an hoy , or great boate , loaden with as good kentish faggots as christendome could yeeld : the hoy-man driving and whistling up in the calme streame , and the light moone-shine , to whom bawdy-boy call'd , and ask'd him if hee would sell him one hundred of faggots ? the hoy-man answer'd , saying , they are not mine to sell , i am but hired to bring them to london for a woodmonger that dwells there . my friend ( quoth bawdy-boy ) what though they are none of thine to sell , yet thou may'st let me have one hundred of them , and make thy master beleeve they were mis-told to thee ; or else thou may'st mis-tell one hundred in the delivery of them ; 't is twenty to one they will never bee mist amongst so many . this gentle and grave counsell began to worke upon the tender conscience of the faggot-man , insomuch that the bargaine was strooke , that for five shillings bawdy-boy should have one hundred of faggots . in briefe , the faggots were taken into the wherrie , and the faggot-seller expected five shillings ; to whom bawdy-boy said , ( friend ) i doe see a faggot with a crooked stick in it , which sticke will be to me of more worth than three faggots , for a use that i would put it to : i pray thee let me have it , and i wil give thee one of my faggots backe againe for it ; the other reply'd , that he would doe him that kindnesse , though it were troublesome to him to remove a dozen or twenty faggots that lay about it : so whilst the fellow was busie to get the crooked-stickefaggot , bawdy-boy thrust himselfe off with his boate and one hundred of faggots : at the last the hoy-man came to the hoyes side , and perceiving his merchant to be gone , hee called to him , saying , hoe friend , com● hither , here is the faggot with the crooked sticke : to whom bawdy-boy reply'd , saying , it is no matter , i have better bethought my selfe , i will make a shift without it : the other call'd againe , and said , thou hast nor paid me for my faggots , i know it well quoth the other , nor will i pay thee any thing ; thou art a theefe , and a notable rogue , and i will pay thy master , who is an honest gentleman , and hee shall know what a rogue you are , and so i leave you . courteous reader , i would intreate you to read this pleasant discourse of one hundred of faggots , before that of great and small oysters , for so it should be placed . thus gentlemen , you have seene your cheere , and you know you are welcome ; i am perswaded that you could not have had so good diet ( as is before related ) at any six-penny ordinary , though it were in the north , where victuals are cheapest : heere hath beene variety without ebriety , i promis'd you at first , that i would not take your stomacks from you , and that you should goe away as sober as you came , wherein i hope i have kept my word , and so you are welcome gentlemen : onely here is a bill of fare to satisfie your mindes , or to bee a president fo you , when you have occasion to make a feast , and how to provide for every mans palate . a bill of fare , invented by the choisest pallats of our time , both for worth and wit , wherein are appointed such rare and admirable dishes , as are not to bee had every where ; and may be expected dayly at the five pound ordinary : as it came to my hands i give it you freely ( gentlemen ) with some addition of dishes of mine owne . foure phantasmaes , two boil'd and two roasted . one dish of cadulsets . a stew'd torpedo . one dish of andovians . one phoenix in white broath . one fore-legge of a greene dragon bak'd . foure pellican chickens . two dottrells broyl'd . a dish of elephants pettitoes . a rhinorsceros boyld in allecant . a calves head roast with a pudding in the belly . a sowst owle . a dish of irish harts horne boil'd into jelly , with a golden horse-shooe dissolv'd in it . one lobster fry'd in steaks . nine soales of a goose. three ells of a jackanapes taile . two cockatrices . two dryed sallamanders . one boild ele-pie . a dish of quishquillions . a dish of modicums boild with bonum . a dish of bounties with sorrellsoppes . a gull pickled . a tantablin with an onion . a sallet of goose-grease and chickweed-fruite . a west-india cheese . one hundred of coakernuts . fifty pine-apples . twelve palmitaes . finis . the curse of corne-horders with the blessing of seasonable selling. in three sermons, on pro. ii.26. begun at the general sessions for the county of cornwall, held at bodmyn, and continued at fowy. by charles fitz-geffrie. fitz-geffry, charles, 1575?-1638. 1631 approx. 132 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 35 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a00818 stc 10939 estc s115075 99850294 99850294 15485 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a00818) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 15485) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1475-1640 ; 798:12) the curse of corne-horders with the blessing of seasonable selling. in three sermons, on pro. ii.26. begun at the general sessions for the county of cornwall, held at bodmyn, and continued at fowy. by charles fitz-geffrie. fitz-geffry, charles, 1575?-1638. [12], 56 p. by i[ohn] b[eale] for edward dight dwelling in excester, printed at london : 1631. a variant of the edition with m. sparke in the imprint. reproduction of the original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng food supply -great britain -sermons -early works to 1800. 2006-12 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-12 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-07 elspeth healey sampled and proofread 2007-07 elspeth healey text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the curse of corne-horders : with the blessing of seasonable selling. in three sermons , on pro. 11. 26. begun at the general sessions for the county of cornwall , held at bodmyn , and continued at fowy . by charles fitz-geffrie . d. cyprianus ad demetrian . §. 8. miraris in poenas generis humani iram dei crescere , cum crescat quotidiè quod puniatur . — de sterilitate aut fame quereris , quasi famem maiorem siccitas quàm rapacitas faciat , quasi non de captatis annonarum incrementis & pretiorum cumulis flagrantior inopiae ardor excrescat . quereris cludi imbribus coelum , cum sic horrea cludantur in terris . printed at london by i. b. for edward dight dwelling in excester . 1631. to the truly ennobled and rightly honored , sir reginald mohvne , knight and baronet : grace , mercy , and peace be multiplied . sir , the end of gods punishments is to bring sinful man vnto repentance . in afflicting vs he intends not our affliction , but our reformation . hee who delights not in the death of sinners , takes no pleasure in their sufferings , but in compassion causeth sometimes temporall suffering to preuent eternall aking ; according to that of the apostle , we are chastened of the lord , that we may not be condemned with the world . if he attaine not this end by one rod , he vseth another . if the pestilence preuaile not , he sends the sword ; if that workes not , he inflicteth famine , and like a good physitian , by diuers medicines he tendeth to the same cure . if the same crosse haue not effected the end for which it was sent , he sends it the second time , as a man doth his seruant who hath not fully done his errand at first . thus doth he with particular persons , thus doth hee with whole nations , whose good he intendeth . he visited our sinnes with the pestilence , this wrought not a sound recouery ; he lanced vs with the sword , there yet remained many peccant humours , those hee sought to cure by famine , as the ancient physitians vsed to cure all diseases by abstinence . we seemed to be on the mending hand , but we relapsed , and god was faine to go to work with vs again ; as we renewed our old sins , so did he his old iudgements . he sent the plague the second time , threatned it the third . about seuen yeeres sithence the creature suffered and we by it , for our abuse of it , and for our vnthankefulnesse to the creator . the same punishment hee hath inflicted this yeere on sundry places of the land . thus is god enforced to re-assume his rods , when we renew our sins ; and as wee vse to take from our children their bread when they doe wanton with it ; so by want he correcteth our former wantonnesse , taking from vs that which wee abuse , thereby teaching vs to vse it better when wee haue it , that by want we may know how to vse abundance . these two yeeres of dearth ( in some distance ) called from mee these three sermons . that which in the first was summarily deliuered in one , vnto the eares of that bench on which you haue sate sundry yeeres as chiefe , is vpon this yeeres occasion enlarged into three , and now sent abroad into publike , for the benefit of many , is first presented vnto your eies . in this dedication i craue not patronage , but onely acceptance . the kings command , my calling , the necessity of the times are sufficient to patronize it . neither haue i cause to doubt of your acceptance ; your care for your countries good , and your endeuour in this particular doe assure me that you will approue his labours , who , according to his calling , addeth the best aduancement hee may vnto yours ▪ whereunto hee will not cease to adioyne his continued prayers to the fountaine of grace , for all gracious blessings on your person , on your publike imployments , on your noble family ; who is , and will be ( while he is ) your worships in all christian dutie and seruice most ready , charles fitz-geffry . a briefe view of the ensuing sermons . concio prima . the occasion of the choyce of this text. page 1 the diuision thereof into two parts . in the former part are considered , 1. the sinne , 2. the sequel . p. 3 1 ma. me . the sinne , with-holding corne. ibid. all conseruation of corne , not vnlawfull . what is vnlawfull herein . ibid. vnder the word corne , euery publike commodity comprehended . p. 4 doct. 1. it is a grieuous siune to procure or further famine , by seeking to raise the price of corn. ibid. reasons . 1. it is odious vnto god. the detaining of other commodities not so necessary for the life of man , as corne , forbidden by god. much more of this , without which , the life of man can hardly , yea , not at all be sustained . the necessity of bread vnto mans life . p. 5 , 6 2. it is opposite to nature , vnto which corne-horders are traytors . for , 1. that which nature most desireth , they doe most detest , that is , plenty . p. 7 , 8 2. and that which nature most detesteth , they most desire , namely , dearth and scarcity . ibid. 3. condemned by the lawes of nations . p. 9 application . three sorts of people guilty herein . p. 11 1 the greedy farmer , who sometimes with-holdeth corne , euen in selling it . ibid. 2 the couetous merchant . p. 13 3 the hucksters , or badgers of corne. p. 14 concio secunda . secunda primae , the sequell ; the curses of the people . p. 17 a common sinne drawes on a common curse . p. 18 doct. 2. the peoples curse , iustly procured , is a fearfull iudgement . p. 19 the peoples curse twofold , 1. causelesse or vniust ; this not to be feared nor regarded . ibid. exhortation to magistrates and officers to doe their duties , though the people doe causelesly curse them . for such curses god will blesse them . ibid. 2 the iustly caused curse of the poore and oppressed , this curse very fearefull . p. 20 vse . terror to all kinde of oppressors . p. 21 especially to corne-horders . p. 22 that these curses are not effectlesse in this life , shewed by examples . a story out of matthew paris of walter grey , archbishop of yorke , a couetous corne-horder , anno dom. 1234. p. 23 another of a german bishop deuoured by rats , an. 930. p. 24 the effect of these curses , in latter times , wherein some of these nabals haue hanged themselues , when the price of corne hath fallen . ibid. the greatest curse of all at the day of iudgement . p. 25 obiections answered . 1. may i not doe with mine owne what i list ? p. 26 answer . christ onely may both say and doe so : man cannot ( without limitation ) who can cast nothing his owne properly , but his sinne . ibid. men may not vse their owne , to the hurt of others . ibid. it is damnable to with-hold our owne , when our brethren are ready to perish for want of that which we may well spare . p. 27 two other obiections , ioseph and gedeon , their examples answered . p. 30 , 31 famine , a grieuous punishment . p. 31 it is proper to god alone to punish a sinfull nation with famine , or any other iudgement . p. 32 we haue deserued to be thus scourged . but this famine is not inflicted immediately by the hand of god , but enforced by the cruell couetousnesse of men . p. 33 an inuectiue against couetousnesse . p. 35 these corne-horders worse than vsurers . ibid. the pittifull estate of poore labouring-men in these times , deplored . p. 36 concio tertia : the second part of the text , wherein is considered ; 1. the duty to be performed ; selling . p. 39 2. the recompence , blessing . p. 40 doct. 3. there is a charity sometimes in selling , as well as in giuing . ibid. vse 1. to teach vs to acknowledge gods goodnesse in accepting any seruice done at his command , though for our owne aduantage . p. 41 god sometimes accepteth selling , where there is ability of giuing . ibid. vse 2. to incite those who are of ability , to this duty of selling . p. 42 foure things required in charitable selling . p. 43 1 to sell that which is good for quality , conuenient graine , ibid. 2 to sell for conuenient gaine , at a reasonable price . ibid. 3 to sell in conuenient season . p. 44 4 with measure conuenient . p. 45 2 da. 2 de . the recompence , blessing . ibid. obseruat . the reward more emphatically layd downe , than the iudgement threatned . p 46 doct. 4. god will blesse him who selleth charitably in time of extremity , though men bee vnthankfull . ibid. two sinnes of the poore : 1 murmuring , 2 vnthankfulnesse . ibid. neither of these should discourage vs from charitable actions , for though men be vngratefull , yet god is not forgetfull . p. 47 application . 1. vnto magistrates , exhorting them to doe their duties in this behalfe , according to his maiesties orders . ibid. and to draw on others by their examples . p. 48 dehortation from with-holding iustice , and from selling it . p. 50 2. to ministers , to be carefull and and faithfull in distributing spirituall corne for the bread of life , especially in these dangerous dayes . ibid. 3. to the poore . here is no warrant for them to reuenge their wrongs with cursings , as commonly they doe . p. 51 but rather to accuse their owne sinnes , the causes of all their calamities . p. 52 4. encouragement and comfort to charitable sellers . p. 54 god shall crowne them with blessings , externall , internall , eternall . p. 55 , 56. the cvrse of corn-horders . the first sermon . prov . 11. 26. hee that with-holdeth corne , the people shall curse him : but blessing shall be vpon the head of him who selleth it . the extremity of the times do euen extort from me this text , together with the explication and application thereof , as god shall enable me . our gracious soueraigne , like a prouident ioseph , hath endeuoured to preuent the famine , or to pro●ide remedies against it . to this end he hath sent ●orth his proclamations , and hath authorized his hands in these remote places , the iustices of peace , to draw forth the poore imprisoned graine out of priuate barnes , and to afford it the freedome of the markets . the iustices haue done their endeuours , and the best of them doe continue so doing . but couetousnesse careth for no lawes , being like the lawlesse iudge , a who neither feared god , nor regarded man. hence it is that lawes are eluded , the kings edicts not regarded , the magistrates endeuours frustrated , and the hopes of the poore disappointed . the deafe adder will not bee charmed ; the greedy farmer will not enfranchize his corne , though the country doe curse him , and those curses be ratified in heauen . but let not vs cease to doe our duties though others doe not theirs . let aaren and hur support the hands of moses ; let ministers ( as his maiesty commandeth ) ioyne their forces with the magistrates against this monster , auarice . the good effect which the one cannot produce alone , may ( by gods blessing ) ensue vpon the religious endeuours of both together . i come therefore to publish a proclamation from the king of heauen , penned by the wisest king on earth , against all ingrossers of the fruits of the earth , the terour whereof is this , hee that with-holdeth corne , the people shall curse him , but blessing shall be on the head of him who selleth it . most of salomons prouerbs are a commentary vpon that one sentence of his father dauid , a is●hew euill , and doe good ; and commonly they are bipartite , one part disswading from some euill , the other exhorting to the contrary vertue . his arguments are those which are most powerfull , punishment , and reward ; dehorting from some sinn by punishment threatned , exhorting to vertue by some reward proposed : such is this sentence , resembling the two hils , b the one of curses , the other of blessings : hee that with-holdeth corne , the people shall curse him ; there is ebal , the mountaine of cursing : but blessing shall be on the head of him that selleth it ; there is gerizin , the mountaine of blessing . in the former wee are to consider , 1. the sinne , 2. the sequel . the sinne , hiding or with-holding corne ; the sequel , the curses of the people . in the latter , we haue , 1. the duty , 2. the benefit or reward : the duty , selling ; the benefit , blessing : but blessing shall be on the head of him that selleth it . of these ( god willing ) in their order ; and first of the first part , and first branch thereof ; namely , the sinne condemned , which is , with-holding of corne. he that with-holdeth corne. all conseruation or keeping vp of corne , is not alwaies vnlawfull . ioseph , in the seuen yeers of plenty , gathered and kept corne against the seuen yeeres of scarcity . sundry cities haue their magazins , wherein they prouidently doe store vp corne and other prouision , the better to endure the extremity of an assiege or famine . * nature hath taught the silley ant this lesson of husbanding her prouision , a and she by her example readeth the same lecture vnto man , by the mouth of salomon . b but then to with-hold corne when publike necessity doth call for the venting it , vpon hope to enhance the price , thereby to make a prey of the poore , who haue then most need to bee releeued , this is a crying sinne , causing the people with bitter cries to complaine to god against such detestable couetousnesse , and to pursue the same with bitter curses . the ancient latine reading doth well expresse the meaning ; captans pretia frumenti , ( so c saint ambrose alleageth the place . ) hee that catcheth at all aduantages by the price of corne , and endeuours to raise it higher , being more greedy of his priuate gaine , than affected with the publike good , euery one that doth so , commeth within the compasse of this curse . so that not onely hiding or hording , but selling and buying too , in some cases , are here forbidden ; when they are so done in priuate , as that the price is thereby enhanced in publike : whereof we shall haue occasion to say more ( god willing ) in prosecution of this text. d i doubt not but that vnder this one word , corne , is comprehended any other commodity , vsefull for the countrey ; but the times doe confine my intendements to that particular which my text doth here assigne ; namely , against all auaritious horders or hucksters , who pinch the guts of the poore , to fill and extend their owne purses ; taking aduantage by the dearth of corne , to make it more deare : on which ground i may safely lay downe this doctrinall position . it is a grieuous sinne to procure a dearth , or further a famine , by seeking to raise the price of corne. when publike necessity doth require , and our owne ability doth permit vs to send abroad our corne by reasonable and seasonable selling , then to with-hold it in hope of greater dearth , this is a great sinne : for it is odious vnto god , opposite vnto nature , iniurious vnto mankinde , and therefore condemned by the lawes of grace , of nature , and of nations . first , it is odious vnto god , as being directly a breach of his law , a rebellion against his ordinance . otherwise hee would neuer haue inueighed against these corne-horders so bitterly as he doth , by his prophet amos , saying , e heare ye this , ô yee that swallow the poore , and make the needy of the land to faile , saying , when will the new moone be gone , that we may sell corne ; and the sabbath , that wee may set forth wheat ; and make the epha small , and the shekel great ; and buy the poore for siluer , and the needy for shoes , and sell the refuse of the wheat ? if any doe except and say , what is this against horders ? this is rather against sellers of corne : i intimated at first , that there may be as great a sinne , in some kinde of selling , as in keeping : and those iewes who sold at last , they did hord vp corne at first , to this purpose : that when the time serued their turne , they might sell it at their owne pleasure and price : f and now the time is come , they must sell it in all haste , lest the price should fall againe : they were now so eager after selling , that they thought the dayes of gods seruice too tedious till they were at it . they kept it in while it was good , and sold it when it was worse , they abated the measure and augmented the price ; they made the people pay for the best , when they sold but the refuse ; and so instead of selling to the poore , they enforced the poore to sell themselues at a vile rate for necessary sustenance , and so to become their slaues . g the lord threatneth a fearefull iudgement on the whole nation , for this inhumane cruelty of some particular persons towards their poore brethren . lesser sinnes than this in comparison , the ingrossing of commodities not so necessary for the life of man as corne is , are threatned with heauy iudgements in the word of god. the imprisoning of coyne in coffers , when it should bee dispersed abroad vnto pious and charitable vses , is condemned by the holy ghost , who saith by saint iames h , that the very rust thereof shall be a witnesse against the keepers , and that the canker of their siluer shall eat vp their flesh as fire . the like iudgement is denounced in the same place against those who keep their garments close in their ward-robes to clothe the moaths , rather than they will produce them to clothe christ his naked members . what then shall become of them who are kinder to rats and mice , than to their christian brethren , being contented that vile vermine shall deuoure that for nothing , which poore christians cannot get of them for money . i bread is called in scripture the k stay and staffe of life , because life is thereby sustained as by a staffe : and when god doth threaten one of his heauiest punishments on a land for sinne , hee doth threaten to breake the staffe of bread ; so necessary it is for this life , that all necessaries are comprized vnder this one , giue vs , this day , our daily bread . christ calleth himselfe the bread which came downe from heauen : his word is called the bread of life . all which doe shew how necessary bread is for the vse of man : so necessary , that neither body nor soule can well bee fed without it ; not the body without common bread , nor the soule ( in those of discretion ) without sacramentall bread : so necessary , that although a man haue diuers varieties of meats , and doe want bread , the best is failing , because the binder of all the rest is wanting : other meats , without bread , are but beesomes without a band , they cannot sweepe away hunger from nature ; but if a man haue onely bread and water , sufficient for quantity , and conuenient for quality , hee may liue and doe well : so that to with-hold corne , and thereby to breake the staffe of bread , is not onely sinfull , but sauage ; not onely against the law of god and grace , but against the law of nature . nature teacheth men to seeke good and shunne euill , to pray and striue to auert those publike punishments , sword , pestilence , and famine . nature teacheth vs that wee are not borne onely for our selues , and that publike vtility is to be preferred before priuate commodity . this could cicero say out of plato , one heathen out of another . it was the praise of cato l that he was , in commune bonus , good for the commonalty , being resolued , that hee was borne , not for himselfe , but for all mankinde . but these antipodes to nature as well as vnto grace , these man-haters , opposite to the common good , as if the world were made onely for them , would appropriate the earth , and the fruits thereof , wholly to themselues , thinking that they can neuer haue enough , vnlesse they haue all ; and that while others haue any thing , they themselues haue nothing . wherefore as quailes grow fat with hem locke , which is poison to other creatures , so these grow full by dearth , which is the famishing of others . their whole study and endeuour is to trouble the pure streames of publike plenty , that they may haue the better angling for their priuate commodity . m the profite of the earth is for all ( saith salomon ) and the king himselfe is serued by the field . but these , as if the earth , and the profits thereof , were proper to them alone , as if they were the kings of the field , and the whole tribute thereof were to be payed into their insatiable exchequer , , doe study how they may dry vp the publike fountaine , or draw the whole streame thereof into their owne cisterne . n traitors they are vnto nature ; for that o which nature most desireth , they detest ; and that which nature teacheth most to detest , that doe these most desire : plenty is desired by euery well minded man , naturally , and grace doth allow such desire ; for plenty is a sweet effect of gods goodnesse and fauour , therefore called by dauid , the crowne of the yeere : p thou crownest the yeere with thy goodnesse , and thy steps drop fatnesse . but these desire to pull the crowne of plenty from the head of the yeare , and instead thereof , would put thereon a crowne of thornes , as the miscreant iewes did on the head of christ . plenty is one of gods chiefest earthly blessings ; but these enuious children doe thinke that their poore brethren haue too much of their heauenly fathers blessing . againe , that which nature teacheth most to detest , they doe most desire ; namely , dearth and scarcity : that which nature teacheth to preuent , they endeuour to procure ; they pray for that which all men else doe pray against ; angry , in their mindes , at our leiturgie for hauing prayers against dearth and famine , and thanksgiuings for seasonable weather , which they cannot endure saue in their owne fields ; ready to chide god because he is so prodigall of his temporall fauours , as to cause q his sunne to arise on the euill as well as on the good , and his raine to fall on the iust and on the vniust ; whereas these , by their wils , would haue the sunne to warme , and the raine to moisten no fields nor gardens , but of the euill and vniust , that is , their owne . what then can we thinke of them but as enemies both to god and man , opposite both to grace and nature ? salomon at the consecration of the temple r making way for the peoples prayers by his owne , for the remouing of common calamities , setteth famine in the fore-front of them , as the first and worst of all . what shall we thinke of them who pray for tht which salomon prayed against , esteeming that a benefit to them , which is one of the greatest curses that can fall on a nation ? when god threatneth foure heauy iudgements on a land , wherein if these three worthies , noah , iob , and daniel were , a they should deliuer none but their owne soules , he giueth the precedence vnto famine . what then shall wee thinke of those who care not though iob , noah , and daniel , and all the righteous men in the country starued , so they may be filled ? when god by his prophet makes a briefe catalogue of the crying sinnes of sodome , this comes in at last , not as the least of them , b manum pauperis & egentis non confirmauit ; shee did not strengthen the hands of the poore and needy : it is not not said that shee weakned , but that she did not strengthen ; & that not the heart , but the hand of the poore and needy ; and yet god rained hell out of heauen , fire and brimstone on her to consume her . what then shall become of them who doe not strengthen , but enfeeble , not the hands , but the hearts of their poore brethren , by with-holding from them that which is the staffe of their hands , and ( vnder god ) the strength and life of their hearts ? and that these cormorants are such enemies to the publike good , all wise men who desired to procure it , haue perceiued . therefore this cursed practice of imprisoning the countries prouision , hath euer beene condemned by the lawes of nations . these cankars of the common-wealth were by the ancients branded with odious appellations , commonly called by the old romans , dardanarians , vexers , scourgers , torturers , of the store of the yeare . c these dardanarians ( saith vlpian their great ciuilian ) are they who chiefly doe vex and persecute the annuall prouision , against whose auarice princes and states haue alway opposed the barres of edicts and constitutions . there is extantan epistle or edict of apollonius , an ancient gouernour , against those scourgers of the country , by enforced dearth and scarcity ; the beginning whereof , in effect is this ; d the earth ( saith hee ) is the common mother of all , and therefore iust , but you are vniust who would ingrosse her wholly to your selues , and make a monopoly of the common mother , as if shee were bound to be a mother onely to you , and a step-mother to all her children besides : but if you desist not from your doings , i will take order that she shall not long be a mother vnto you , but i will root you out of her , as being vnworthy to be a burthen vnto her . i speake nothing of our nationall lawes , because i speake before them , who can better informe mee herein , than i can others . the last proclamation , together with the booke , published by authority , for fuller declaration of his maiesties minde and purpose , for preuenting the dearth by punishing these dardanarians , hath breathed some life into the poore countrey , from whom these doe labour to take away life , by with-holding the stay thereof . god put it into the hearts of gouernours to act , as well as to enact ; to performe , as well as to proclaime ; that the proclamation against these horders and hucksters be not like that senatus consultum against the mathematicians in rome , e atrox at irritum , fierce , but effectlesse : and that these may not be among vs , f as the historian complained , the others were among them , a kinde of people alway condemned , but euer repriued , if not acquitted . affliction is euer fearefull , and misery still mistrusteth the worst : no maruell then if the poore people doe misdoubt , because there seemeth a doore left open to these their oppressors , that they shall not carry their life from them without license : wherefore finding after so much thunder by edicts , little lightning by effects , no lightening of their afflictions : they feare that they haue cause to complaine , we are all the worse for licenses . these feares would soone be remoued , and peraduenture these afflictions too , if but one or two of the offenders in a country were punished for terror to the rest , as pituanius and p. martius were , when all the mathematicians and magicians were banished out of italy . three sorts of people are found among vs , guilty of this sinne , and consequently lyable to the ensuing curse : 1. the greedy farmar : 2. the couetous marchant : 3. the cunning huckster , or badger , as they are called . i adde these epithites to distinguish between the guilty and the guiltlesse in euery profession . the greedy farmar sometimes with-holds corne by selling it ; with-holding it from those who need it , to sell it to those who will make greater profit by it ; so that the needy shall more need it : for who so selleth at a price too high for the poore , hee with-holds it from the poore , as he doth meat from a childe , who sets it on a shelfe whereto hee cannot reach . now what is this , but captare pretia frumenti , to make the price too heauie , when either hee will not send it to the market , or if hee send , will not sell but at his owne price ? thou sayest , i thresh out my corne as fast as i can , and doe fell it , and therefore i am not guilty , i am no with-holder of corne. thou sellest , but to whom ? to the poore ? no , vnlesse as the iewes did , of whom amos complained , that they sold the refuse of the wheat , and yet at the price of the best , as if thou wouldest adde to the badnesse of the graine , and want of measure , the greatnesse of the price , to make a sorry satisfaction . thou sellest it , but to whom ? to them who helpe thee to sell the rest the deerer , to the merchant or badger , who by exporting or transporting it farther , doe cause it to be scarser and deerer at home . thou sellest it , but where ? at home , in priuate , and so causest the markets to be vnfurnished . for how canst thou haue time to thresh for the market , when all is too little to thresh for the merchant , whom thou hast promised to furnish with so many scores of bushels by such a day . the markets are the commons of the common people , and of many who vse good hospitality ; let them be inclosed , soone will these grow leane : the markets are their magazines ; if the poore buyers be not there prouided , how shall their wants be supplied ? the markets are their wels , if the couetous farmers dry vp these , as the enuious philistims did the wels of isaac , these poore sheepe must needs perish . thou sellest , but in what manner ? in grosse , or by such quantities as the poore cannot accomplish ; whereas if thou wilt shunne the curse threatned , and obtaine the blessing promised , thou must doe as the word importeth in the second part of my text , perfringere frumenta , breake it out from the heape by small parcels , as the poore doe need for the present and are able to compasse . breake thy bread to the hungry ; so breake thy corne by halfe bushels , by peckes , by gallons to the needy , as their ability meeteth with their necessity . to set a whole loafe before a childe who hath neither strength to breake , nor knife to cut , is not to feed him , but to famish him . i am not vancquainted with some of their apologies : i haue made a purchase , or taken a lease , or bought so much at a suruey to be paid on such a day , and i must sell many bushels together to make vp a good summe of money , i cannot tarry the leasure of these lingring markets . all this while i heare no arguments but drawne from the common place of thine owne profit ; and thou maiest remember that the buying of a farme , and a yoke of oxen excluded the vnworthy guests from the great marriage feast ; these excuses are worse . thou hast made a purchase , and the calamity of the countrey must pay for it : thou hast bought a bargaine , and thy poore brethren , their wiues and children must pinch for it . a bad bargaine ( bare-gaine it may well be called ) to buy the curses of god and man. say not that i condemne purchasing , because i am no purchaser , god grant i neuer bee in such manner . buy farmes , take leases , make bargaines for oxen , cattell , corne , or what you will , as long as you wrong not your own soules , which you cannot chuse but doe , if you wrong or pinch the poore members of the sauiour of soules . the couetous marchant is also free of the company of these corne-catchers . hee with-holds corn from the poore , by drawing it from markets , to export it , or transport it into other parts or places whether neerer or more remote ; especially out of the land , and that without regard of religion , or charity , or any thing else , saue his owne gaine , which to him is godlinesse . tros , tyriusque , protestant , papist , mahumetan , english , french , spanish , barbarian , all are alike to him , so hee may gaine by them . the sauour of lucre is sweet to him , though raked out of the puddle of the most filthy profession in europe , or in all the world . mistake me not , i traduce not the calling , not onely lawfull , but laudible , i may adde , honourable , the second supporter of the kingdome . not the lyon and the vnicorue , but the plough and the ship , vnder god , are the supporters of the crowne . the marchants by their trauels and aduentures ioyne together forraigne nations which the sea hath set farre asunder ; they make remote countries to bee ours vpon the matter , causing their commodities to bee ours ; casting with their ships such a bridge ouer the ocean , that the chiefest , profits of both the indies doe come home to our houses . i haue often yearned that they haue beene no better considered of , but suffered to be a prey to dunkers abroad , and to as bad at home . i know that it is lawfull to transport our commodities , particularly our corne into other nations , vpon some conditions , as other nations doe make vs partakers of their profits : yea , this sometimes may be done to those who are of another , that is , of an euill religion . nature teacheth this : the aegyptians releeued the israelites in the famine , g though it were an abomination to the aegyptians , in their peeuish superstition , to eat bread with the hebrewes , yet they would , in common humanity , afford them bread to eat by themselues . but this i affirme ; to famish english , and to feed french or spanish ; to starue brethren , and to nourish enemies ; to pinch the members of christ , to preserue the limbs of antichrist ; to thriue by the death of saints , and life of reprobates ; this cannot possibly escape a curse ; and all marchants that vse such courses , i can say no better of them , than a blessed saint said at least three hundred yeares sithence , they are all mercatores humanarum calamitatum●… merchants of mens calamities . the third sort are these whom we call badgers of corne , who were not to be condemned for conueying corne from those places where it may well be spared , to other places within the countrey where there is more want , if they did not procure want in those places where it doth abound , nor forestall the markets , but would take that which the markets doe leaue , nor raise the price to make the poore to smart for it . sufficient hath beene said ( i hope ) to shew the impietie , the inhumanity , the iniustice of this sin of procuring a dearth by with-holding corne ; and that it is a lawlesse rebell against the laws of grace , of nature , of nations . let this be farther added and considered , that this oppression is the more cruell , and this cruelty the more heauy in our land , where corne serueth both for bread and drinke ; whereas other countries by the benefits of the soile doe abound with wine ; or because of the heate of the climate , are contented with water . but among vs these with-holders of corne doe doubly plague the poore people , staruing them with hunger , and choaking them with thirst ; depriuing them of that which they should both eat and drinke . our children doe not say vnto their mothers , where is corne and wine ? keepe you the wine , giue vnto their mothers corne , and they will finde in it both bread and drinke that shall content them as well as wine . but denie them corne , you take from them bread , drinke , life and all . wherefore the curses of these corn-mungers are likely to be doubled ; for that is the recompence they must expect for their cursed couetousnesse , namely , curses : and as the mischiefe is common , so it is iustly pursued with a common curse , the curses of the commons , the people shall curse him . the second sermon . pro. 11. 26. the people shall curse him . the sinne and the odiousnesse thereof to god and man , hath beene ( in part ) discouered , that it may be shunned ; and shunned it will be the sooner , if the iudgement threatned be seriously considered ; which iudgement is expressed in these words : the people shall curse him . populares ] so iunius with some others , doe render the word , the commons ; or popul●●… , as most doe reade , the people , implying a collectiue curse ; as if there were a gathering of curses ouer the whole countrey , and none ( saue such as himselfe ) refused to contribute curses towards him . not one man , not a few , but the whole countrey ( as with hue-and-cry ) shall pursue him with curses . execrabuntur , shall curse and banne him ; or maledicent , shall say all euill of him , and pray that euill may befall him . the originall word is very emphaticall , persodient , they shall digge , or stab , or runne him thorow with curses . a metaphor borrowed from digging or stabbing ; as who should say , the people with their curses shall digge on him , as with mattockes , or runne him thorow , as with rapiers . a common crime still drawes on a common curse . god , in iustice doth vse to proportion the punishment to the offence . who so hurteth or oppresseth many , must looke to bee cried out against , and to be cursed by many . the wings of their punishment shall spread as farre as the tallands of their oppression , their iudgement shall be of equall dimensions with their transgressions . our dearth-mongers , as they are procurers of a common calamitie , must looke to be pursued with a common out-cry , the whole country shal stab them with cursings , as they seeke to stab it with staruing . but is this such a punishment to be hunted with the clamours and curses of the people ? doubtlesse it is , when those curses are iustly caused by wrongs done vnto the people . in such cases we may safely lay downe this assertion , that the peoples curse , iustly procured , is a fearefull iudgement . hardly can there be a greater plague , then to be pursued by the clamours and curses of the people for oppressing them . here we must distinguish , that we may the more safely teach : the peoples curse is two-fold , either caused , or causelesse ; iust , or vniust ; either iustly procured by some reall wrong insticted on them ; or vniustly vented out of error or malice , where no iust cause hath been giuen . salomon himselfe affordeth vs this distinction , saying , a as the bird by wandring , and the swallow by flying , doe escape , so the causelesse curse shal not come to passe . b where he sheweth , that there is a causelesse curse , which is not to be feared : when people out of spleene , or because their corrupt humors are not satisfied , doe flye to the fooles asylum , or shelter of execrations or curses . such are the curses of some impudent and insatiable beggars : such are the curses of some desperate malefactors against the iudges , when they are sentenced according to lawes and their deseruings : such are the curses of roarers , sonnes of belial , against zealous ministers , for discharging their duties . hence ieremy complained , that hee was causelesly cursed ; c i haue not lent on vsury , neither haue men lent to mee on vsury , yet euery one doth curse mee . d and it is not vnprobable that some of you ( worthy magistrates ) for diligence in doing your duties , and for your laudable endeuours to furnish the markets by drawing forth the corne out of the bands of horders , and the hands of hucksters , shall carry away some curses from the mouches or in the mindes , of these mizars . 't is not vnlikely , but that some of them ( such is their charity ) will reward you with curses , euen for this your care to preuent the curses of the people vpon them . but be not discouraged , salomon hath secured you against such airie execrations . these breath-bullets shall not pierce you ; these speares of reed , and swords of bull-rushes shall not so much as pricke your reputations , much lesse your consciences . the bubbles of such curses shall fall into the faces and eyes of those who blow them vp : like mad-men they runne at you with the hilt , but the point of the sword runneth into their owne brest . let that bee your refuge which was dauids in the like case , euen flying vnto the lord , e let them curse , but blesse thou . say you by them as he did by shimei , when hee cursed him , f god will requite good for such cursing . if for doing iustice , you bee vniustly pursued with virulent tongues , the same promise appertaineth vnto you , which the fountaine of blessednesse hath made vnto vs : g blessed are yee when men reuile you , and say all manner of euill against you falsely . reioyce and be glad , for great is your reward in heauen . their curses are but like the popes bruta fulmina , his banning buls , which the more lowdly they bellowed against queene elizabeth , of blessed memory , the better she prospered , the more she was blessed h therefore , i feare not the reproach of men , neither be afraid of their reuilings ; but , k sanctifie the lord of hoasts himselfe , let him be your feare , let him bee your dread . rest in the blessing of the lord , l who hath blessed vs with all spirituall blessings in heauenly things in christ . let these causelesse curses be so farre from hindering or disheartning you in your lawfull courses , as that you doe rather reioyce in them , and binde them as crownes to your heads ; and be you assured that the promise god made to abraham , belongeth to euery childe of his , continuing in his faith and obedience , and so particularly vnto you , m i will blesse them that blesse thee , and will curse him that curseth thee . contrariwise , formidable is that curse which is extorted by oppression , and vented forth from a brest surcharged with vexation . no iron bullet , driuen by the strongest powder , from the mouth of a cannon , is more terrible and tearing . such a curse being shot from earth , mounteth vp to heauen ; and being sent vp from man , is sealed by god. it is true , that the common people doe commonly erre and offend herein ; their curses , many times are their fooles-bolts , shot without ayme , and falling without hurt , saue to themselues . but many times they are enforced , by grieuous pressures , to shoot these arrowes against their oppressors ; and then they hit surely , and wound deepely . in this case the people haue a legatiue power like the pastors , what they binde on earth , is bound in heauen . here the voyce of the people , especially of the poore , the people of god , is the voyce of the god of the people . therefore wee finde in scripture , that the curse of the people , and a woe from god , are all one vpon the reckoning . our wise man saith , in this booke , n hee that saith vnto the wicked , thou art righteous , the people shall curse him . the prophet isay , inueighing against the same sinne , saith , o vvoe to him that iustifieth the wicked for a reward . here you see that god addeth a woe to that sinne whereon the people doe affix a curse : a curse extorted from them is sealed with a woe denounced by him ; p whose curses , as they are neuer discharged without iust cause , so they neuer returne without effect . heare and tremble all ye nimrods , all you rough-handed esawes , grinders of the poore , oppressors of the people . thinke not to fillip off these curses which your cruelties haue squeised from them , with tush , what care i what the people say ? the fox , the more he is cursed , the better he fares . q let them curse and spare not , as long as such curses doe fill my coffers . know you , that the curse of the people , iustly caused , is a vapor exhaled from earth ; or rather indeed a thunder , which causeth a thunder-bolt to be cast downe from heauen . let the oppressor poste from it as fast as he can , it shall ouertake him ( r as the arrow of iehu did iehoram ) and smite him betweene his armes , and runne thorow his heart ; let him fence himselfe with the best amunition that hee may , it shall pierce him thorow . no coate of male shall rebate the edge , no armour of proofe shall beare off the stroke of the peoples curse , when it is edged with iustly conceiued passion and backed by the almighties approbation . wise men therefore will hearken vnto the counsell of wise syrachides ; ſ make not an hungry soule sorrowfull , neither prouoke a man that is in distres . adde not more trouble to an heart that is vexed , defer not to giue to him that is in need . turne not thine eyes from the needy , and giue him no occasion to curse thee ; for if he curse thee in the bitternesse of his soule , his prayer shall be heard of him that made him . and among all grinders of the poore , tremble you who with-hold from them that which they should grinde for the necessary sustenance of life , and so grinde them the more , because you keepe them from grinding . you rurall tyrants , who , by with-holding your corne , doe enforce the miserable people to flie to their for lorne hope of ringing a peale of curses , against your couetousnesse , in the eares of the almighty . if z the hire of the labourers , who haue reaped downe your fields , being by fraud kept backe , cryeth , and those cries doe enter into the eares of the lord of sabboth : then doubtlesse , the deserued curses of those who are ready to perish , because you will not so much as fell vnto them that which they laboured to reape , and to saue for you , and which without the sweat of their browes , and galling of their hands , you could not haue saued , doe sound like a volley of shot in the eares of the god of mercies , and will awake him to take vengeance on your cursed cruelties . u if any widdow or fatherlesse childe be afflicted by thee ( saith the lord ) and in their affliction doe at all cry vnto me , i will surely heare their cry , and my wrath shall wax hot , and i will kill you with the sword , and your wiues shall bee widdowes , and your children fatherlesse . will god heare the cry of one widdow , of one fatherlesse childe , being afflicted , and can his eares be shut at the generall cry of the whole multitude , among whom are so many widdowes , so many orphans , and some of them ( doubtlesse ) his owne children , the sonnes and daughters of his deare saints , the linely members of his onely begotten sonne christ iesus ? and that these enforced curses are not alwayes effectlesse in this life , witnesse the fearefull iudgements which god hath inflicted on some nabals for terror vnto others . i could tell you old chronicle-stories out of matthew paris , and others , of terrible examples in our owne land , vpon offenders in this kinde . as that of walter grey , an archbishop of yorke , in the yeare of grace , 1234. who hauing fiue yeares corne vnder-hand , would not thresh it out for the releefe of the poore in three yeeres famine , hoping still that the price would encrease . being aduertised by his officers that it was greatly to be feared , lest the corne were consumed by mice , he willed them to deliuer it to the husband-men , who dwelt in his mannor , vpon condition that they should pay him as much new wheat for it after haruest . they attempting to take downe a great mow of corne which hee had at rippon , saw the heads of many snakes , and toads , and other venemous creatures peering out at the end of the sheaues . this being related to the archbishop , hee sent his steward with diuers of good credite to enquire the truth thereof , who seeing what others had seene , enforced , not withstanding , certaine poore men to goe vp to the top with ladders . they were scarcely vp , when they saw a great smoake arising out of the corne , and felt withall a loathsome stinke , which compelled them with all haste possible to hye them downe againe : moreouer , they heard an vnknowne voyce saying vnto them , let the corne alone , for the archbishop and all that he hath , belongeth to the diuell . in fine ( saith the story ) they were faine to build a wall about the corne , and then to set it on fire , fearing lest such an huge number of venemous creatures should empoison , at least annoy the whole country . i could tell you out of forraine authors , of a x german bishop , who in time of dearth kept in his corne , and called the poore which came about him begging reliefe , the rats and mice which deuoured his corne. but god retorted his malicious scomme vpon his owne head ; for he himselfe was soone after deuoured aliue by rats and mice , notwithstanding that he immured himselfe in a strong tower , which is reported to be yet standing , and in the name it beareth to retaine a memoriall of the strange iudgement . i had rather preferre to your consideration the pious action of y ethelwald , a bishop of winchester , before the conquest , who in a great dearth , did breake vp all the plate belonging to his church , and gaue it to the poore , saying , that the church in good time might be prouided of necessary ornaments , but the poore that perished for want of food , could not be recouered . but these examples of ancient times doe lesse affect , and may be held fabulous . z that god hath made the curses of the poore effectuall vpon such couetous corne-horders , euen in recent remembrance , may appeare by this , that some of this cursed crue haue become their owne executioners , and in kindnesse haue saued the hang-man a labour by haltering themselues , when contrary to their expectation , the price of corne hath sodainly fallen : and this both in other countries , and among vs , as a diuines of good reputation haue deliuered vpon their owne knowledge . but worst of all will be , when christ at the great and terrible day of his comming shall adde vnto all these the insupportable weight of his heauie and intolerable curse , when he shall say vnto these , as vnto others ( in some respects more excusable then these ) b depart ye cursed into euerlasting fire , prepared for the diuell and his angels ; for i was hungry , and yee gaue me no meate , i was thirstie , and you gaue mee no drinke : nay , you would not so much as sell mee meate and drinke for ready money , and at a deere rate , when by relieuing mee you might haue enriched your selues ; by feeding me , you might haue filled your owne purses . oh what shall be said to them who will not sell for money , when depart from me ye cursed , is the mildest word that christ shall afford them , who would not giue freely ? what hell shall be hot enough for those that will not sell , when hell fire is prepared for those who would not giue ? shall i speake now vnto the deafe adder , who will not heare the voyce of the charmer ? shall i loose my sweet words by spending them on stones or stony hearts , who regard not the law of god , the command of the king , the cry of the country , the curses of the people , the teares distilling downe the widdowes cheekes , the sighes exhaled from orphants fainting tongues , the ruthfull spectacles of hunger-starued scellitons , whose very sight-might dissolue eyes of adamant into teares ? they who are not moued by any of these , by all of these , what hope is there that they will be mollified by my weake words ? but a necessity is laid vpon vs , and wee must speake ; for if wee should be silent , the stones would euen cry out against these , whose hearts are harder then the nether milstone . if they will not heare vs , let them yet tremble at this determinate speech of god himselfe by salomon , captans pretia frumenti maledictus est in plebe : hee is cursed by the people who catcheth at aduantages by the price of corne. the sentence is peremptory ( c saith a saint ) leauing no place for disputation . if thou doest so , pretend what thou wilt , fill thy mouth with arguments , cast the best colour on the matter that thou canst , all thy fig-leaued apologies will not fence thee from the curse . thou wilt say peraduenture , i do no man wrong , i keepe but mine owne , i may sell mine owne when i please ; is it not lawfull for me to doe with mine owne what i list ? but know , first , that thou abusest the words of christ , he onely ( because he is lord of all ) may doe with his own what pleaseth him . man cānot , because he is not absolute owner of any thing ; for what hath he that he hath not receiued : he must therefore doe with his owne , that which pleaseth the supreme owner of all things . againe , call it thine owne ; it is not lawfull for thee to doe with thine owne what thou wilt , vnlesse thou wilt doe that which is lawfull and right . thou mayst not vse thine owne to the hurt of another man. thou mayest not murther with thine owne sword , nor make men drunke with thine owne drinke , nor burne thy neighbours house with thine owne fire . god , who is the owner of the earth , telleth thee that thou mayest not with-hold his ( which thou vnproperly callest thy ) corne , thereby to famish and impouerish thy brethren . the purple glutton fries in hell fire for with-holding his owne bread from poore lazarus , lying at his gate . it cost nabals life , for denying his owne bread and victuals to dauid and his followers , when he kindely craued it in his need . what canst thou expect then , who wilt rather be cursed by the poore , than sell thine own to them at a reasonable rate in their necessity ? know this therfore , that this corne is not thine own , but it belongeth rather to the poore when they need it , and thou canst well afford it . thou takest from them that which is theirs , by with-holding from them that which thou callest thine . thou doest wrong enough , in not doing right ; thou exercisest cruelty , in not shewing mercy ; thou killest all , from whom thou keepest that which should keepe them aliue . is he a theefe that takes from a man his owne , and makes him to be in want ? what is hee lesse , that will not sell a poore man his owne when hee is in want ? it is the worst kinde of couetousnesse ( saith a d saint ) not to giue to those who are ready to perish , that which otherwise will perish ; what is it then not to sell it vnto them ? thou sayest ( saith the same ) to whom doe i wrong , if i keepe mine owne ? i demand of thee againe ( in the words of that blessed man ) what are those things thou callest thine owne ? thou answerest , why ? my coine , my clothes , my corne. but how came these things to be thine owne ? didst thou bring them with thee into the world ? didst thou not come naked out of thy mothers wombe ? shalt thou not returne naked againe ? whence then hast thou these things ? if thou sayest , i got them by chance , or it is my good fortune that i haue them ; thou doest not acknowledge the author and disposer of all things , thou art vnthankefull , thou art no better than an atheist . if thou confessest thou hast them from god , that he gaue them vnto thee ; then tell me , why did god giue them vnto thee rather than vnto another ? for god is not vniust , or one that knoweth not how to diuide his owne gifts in equall proportions . why then hath god giuen thee so much , and him so little ? why art thou rich , and hee poore ? certainely for no other cause , but that thy fulnesse might supply his want , and that both might , doing their duties , obtaine of him a reward ; thou of faithfull distributing , and hee of his patient enduring . if all were rich , what praise were there of patience ? if all were poore , who should be able to shew charity ? if there were , in this kinde , an equality , two pretious vertues would be vile or not at all , charity and patience . therefore the most prudent disposer of all things , hath most prouidently ordained this inequality , that as the patience of the poore is exercised in wanting , so the charity of the rich may be shewed in releeuing . but thou , griping all in the tallands of thine insatiable auarice , and thereby depriuing so many of their portions , saist thou keepest but thine owne , and thou wrongest no man. thou doest herein ( saith the same blessed bishop ) as if entring into a theatre , thou keepe , or driue out all other spectators , as though those shewes , which were prouided for all , were proper to thee alone : or , as if inuited to a feast by a great friend , together with many other guests as good , or better than thy selfe , thou shouldest sit downe at the table , and keepe all the dishes to thy selfe , excluding the rest , as if the whole dinner were prouided for thee alone . yet still thou sayest , i keepe but mine owne , i doe no man wrong . but tell mee sadly , who is a couetous man ? hee who is not contented with that which is sufficient , but still craueth more . tell mee againe , who is a theefe ? hee who takes away that which is another mans . art not thou then couetous , who art not contented with that which is too much , and which would well content an hundred men , as good , and as dearely bought by christ , as thou art ? art not thou a theefe , who keepest that to thy selfe which thou hast receiued of thy lord and master to distribute and diuide among thy fellow-seruants , thine owne portion ( and that double , treble , yea seuen to one of theirs ) being allowed thee ? shall hee who takes away a mans garment from him , be called a robber , and shall not he who will not clothe the naked , if hee bee able , be also a spoiler ? shall hee who kils a man with a sword , be called a murtherer , and shall hee bee any better that with-holdeth from him that whereof the want will shortly kill him ? doth not hee put out the lampe that powreth not oyle into it , as well as he that blowes it out ? doth not he put out the fire that puts not on wood , as well as hee that throwes on water ? what 's the oddes , but that which the murtherer doth suddenly , thou doest it leasurely and lingringly , and so art the more cruell murtherer of the two ; because thou doest not quickly dispatch , but doublest c death by delaying , and d extendest life onely for greater torment ; not so mercifull as a courteous hangman , that leaps on the shoulders , or puls by the heeles , to put out of paine ; but rather as cruell as that e tyrant , who was said to be nothing but morter made of bloud , not contented to put innocents vnto death f vnlesse the executioner did so strike them , that they might be sensible of their dying . neuer say then that thou keepest but thine owne . it is the bread of the hungry which thou detainest ; it is the garment of the naked which thou sufferest to lye moath-eaten in thy presse ; it is the gold and siluer of the needy , which rusteth in thy coffer : it is the corne of the poore , ready to dye with hunger , which thou sufferest to moulder in thy mow or barne . neuer say , thou doest no man wrong . thou wrongest so many as thou doest not releeue , being able . callest thou thy selfe a christian , and arguest thou thus , quite contrary to the rules of christianity ? answer once an heathen who neuer knew christ and his gospell , vnto his short question : cur eget indignus quisquam te diuite ? why seest thou any one to want ; who is vnworthy , while thou doest abound ? art thou not vnnaturall , who sufferest that which nature cannot endure , vacuity ? art thou worthy to breathe the ayre , who wilt not endeuour to doe as the ayre doth , shift some of it selfe from places that are oner-full , to others that are empty ? how canst thou call thy selfe a christian , when the members of christ doe quiuer with cold for want of that which doth clothe the moaths in thy presse ? or to want necessaries , for lacke of that which the rust consumes in thy bagges , or starue for need of of that which releeueth rats and mice in thy barnes ? hee is a bad seruant who will flaunt it in silks himselfe , gotten by his masters goods , and glut himselfe with the choicest food , and see his masters children , ( yea the master himselfe in them ) goe naked , or ready to starue for want of bread . but did not religious ioseph in the yeares of plenty , gather and keepe vp corne , which he sold afterward in the yeares of famine ? he did so , and that lawfully ; for you haue beene told that there is a lawfull storing vp of corne , when it is done , as ioseph did , not to procure a dearth , but to preuent it , or to be the better prouided against it . i godly ioseph opened his garners in the yeares of famine he did not shut them ; his intent was not to raise the price , but to prouide a supply against the time of want . he gathered and kept not for himselfe , but for others , euen for strangers : thou with-holdest it from neighbours , and wilt suffer vile vermin to feed on it , rather than thy brethren . shamest thou not to alleage the example of ioseph , whose care for the common good so directly condemneth thy couetousnesse , who carest for none but for thy selfe . k but doe wee not read that gedeon threshed out his corne , not to sell it , but to hide it , and yet is not blamed for so doing ? he did . but when did hee hide his corne ? in time of inuasion by the enemy . his garner might be closer and safer than his barne . and from whom did he hide it ? not from his neighbours , but from his and their enemies , the midianites . thy course is quite contrary . then the israelites threshed out their corne to hide it from the midianites : but our midianites will not thresh out theirs , or if they doe , it is to hide it from the israelites . the sword of the lord and of gedeon ( the godly magistrate ) bee against such mercilesse midianites . l dearth and famine is one of the most grieuous iudgements which god inflicteth on a sinfull nation . m thou shalt fall by the sword , by famine , and by the pestilence . these are the three rods wherewith god vseth to scourge a wanton and wicked people . i know that some graue n diuines doe affirme famine to bee the easiest of the three , because god , who best knowes the waight of his owne rods , accounteth three daies pestilence , and three months of the sword , equall with seuen yeeres famine . but this to me seemeth no sufficient reason : sure i am , that dauid , in his hard choice , preferred pestilence before it ; * and it is not probable , that hee would choose the heauiest punishment . besides , the prophet ieremie saith , o they that be slaine by the sword , are better then they that be staine by hunger . moreouer , this scourge of famine is the worse and the more intolerable for the miseries and mischiefes that doe commonly attend it . pestilence often is the companion of it , robberies , rebellions , outrages and other enormities are the pages that doe wait vpon it . dire famine ! thou hast taught tender-hearted mothers to turne cannibals , and to become butchers , cookes , caruers , eaters of their owne children : thou hast taught men to exceed cannibals , and for want of other food to deuoure their owne flesh , and as much as they might , to eat vp themselues . for this ieremie most lamenteth , as for the most lamentable iudgement , p mine eye doth faile with teares , my bowels are troubled , my liuer is powred vpon the earth , for the destruction of the daughter of my people ; because the children and sucklings doe swowne in the streets of the catie . they say vnto their mothers , where is corne and wine ? they swowned as the wounded in the streets of the citty , their soule is powred out into their mothers bosome . that which followes is most patheticall ; q shall the women eat their owne fruit , and their children of aspan long ? now it is proper to the lord alone to punish a sinfull nation . he knowes when it is fittest to whip a people with famine , and he hath wayes enough to bring such a calamitie on a country whensoeuer it pleaseth him : r a fruitfull land he turneth into barrennesse , for the wickednesse of the people that dwell therein . sometimes ſ he makes the heauens aboue as brasse , and the earth beneath as iron : so that albeit men doe labour and sowe , yet they receiue no increase . sometimes againe , t he giueth the former and the later raine in due season , so that the earth yeeldeth abundance ; but the lord sending blasts , rusts , mel-dewes , caterpillars , canker-wormes , doth cause the hope of the yeere to faile : as if such worthlesse creatures were more worthy to enioy the fruits of the earth , then sinfull and vnthankfull man : sometimes euen when the corne is not yet reaped , but expecteth the hooke , or while it standeth in the field awaiting to be housed in the barne , god sends airie threshers , violent windes , to beat it out of the eare ; the furrowes of the field doe become the threshing-floore ; the wheat is sowed where it grew , and that without the helpe of hand , plow or harrow : thus haruest , threshing , and seed-time doe vntimely meet together , as they did some few yeers since . our crying sinnes , particularly the vile abuse of the creature by drunkennesse and riot , haue called for vengeance , and we haue deserued to be scourged , not only with famine , but with the other two rods , with sword also and with pestilence . but this dearth is not inflicted immediately by the hand of god , but enforced by wicked mens cruell couetousnesse . god hath not broken the staffe of bread , but churlish nabals haue gotten it into their owne fists , and with-hold it from the people who should be supported by it . we cannot complaine , u the field is wasted , and yet the land mourneth ; the corne is not wasted , but with-held . god hath not sent want of bread , but couetousnesse hath caused cleannesse of teeth . god hath not smitten vs with blasting , nor sent caterpillers , nor canker-wormes , but the diuell hath raised vp caterpillers and locusts , those x catchers at the dearth of corn ( as the father stileth them ) and these doe make a priuate gaine of a publike detriment , improuing that as a profit to themselues , which god ordained as a plague for sinners ; y the lord hath heard the heauens , and the heauens haue heard the earth , and the earth hath heard the corne ; but those earth-wormes will not heare the voice of the lord , nor the crying complaints of the poore . the earth hath answered the expectation of the sower , but cannot answer the vnsatiable greedinesse of the seller . many mens barnes are full of corne , but their brests are empty of compassion : their garners are stuffed and stored ; two yeeres graine vnder hand in many mens keeping , yet they still gape for a greater dearth , and doe their best , or rather worst to procure it . they suffer their mow-hayes to stand laden with corne neere the high-wayes , in the open view of the poore , the more to anger their hunger . thus they bring vpon their brethren on earth a torment , much like that which poets deuised for tantalus in hell , to haue faire apples at his lips , and yet to pine with hunger ; and in the midst of faire water vp to the chinne , to perish with thirst . z these arrowes of famine that haue wounded our sides , had lesse afflicted vs , had they beene shot directly from the iust hand of god ; him wee could haue entreated with our prayers , mollified with our teares , pacified with our repentance ; but nothing can preuaile with impenitrable auarice : a o let vs fall into the hands of god ( for his mercies are great ) but let vs not fall into the hands of mercilesse men . if our sinnes must needs be scourged , let not greater sinners be the beadles : who hath giuen you commission to be the countries hangmen ? where is your warrant to thrust your selues into the seat of gods iustice ; or to take his quiuer and to shoot against his children those arrowes which hee keepeth against his enemies ? you may indeed , for a while , be the rods of gods wrath ( as ashur was to israel ) but vpon our true repentance , god will turne his wrath from vs , vpon you : and the childe being humbred , the rod shall be cast into the fire . o insatiable auarice ! doth not the earth yeeld thee sufficient encrease ? what meanest thou to plow and harrow the very guts of thy poore brother for greater gaine ? now it is farre worse then they said it was in the beginning of the iron-age ; for then couetousnesse b went but into the bowels of the earth ; but now men c digge into the bowels of their brethren , yea , d they delue into the bowels of christ himselfe for coyne . call ye me this vsurie , or rather fellonie ? * vsury it selfe is charitable in respect of this . vsury yet sends abroad money for money ; this rurall sacriledge will not sell corne for coyne . vsury indeed biteth , but this killeth by keeping away that which should sustaine life . vsury by money stealeth money out of mens purses ( as one by powring a little water into a dry pumpe , forceth out a great deale more ) but this burglary breaketh into mens bowels , and robbeth them of that which should maintaine them . is not this gaine more odious , more base then that of the emperour , who extracted gold out of vrine ? i perceiue , that among our pagan-christians , it holds as currant as it did among the pagans ; e sweet is the scent of siluer , out of what sinke soeuer it be raked : seeing to these horse-leeches gaine is sweet , though sucked out of the bowels of their brethren . oh , if you haue any bowels your selues , or haue not drunke vp that obdurate riuer , f which is reported to turne the bowels of the drinker into hard marble ; looke once ouer the threshold of your poore neighbour , some poore coater , some daily labourer , for his groat or three pence a day , groning vnder the burthen of an heauy house-rent , with a house full of small children on the bargaine ; and if you will not enter in , yet stand without a while , and become officious eues-droppers , listen to the pittious complaints that are among them . there may you see , or heare the wofull mother , with her eldest daughter , the one carding or knitting , the other spinning a sorry threed , and singing to her turne an heauy tune of some sorrowfull psalme ; as , o lord consider my distresse ; or , o lord how are my foes increast ; or , helpe lord , for good and godly men doe perish and decay : then awakes the poore sucking infant , and crying , interrupts both worke and musicke : the mother takes it vp , and giues it sucke with teares , for with milke she cannot . alas ! how can the infant draw milke from the breast , when the nurse cannot get meat for the belly : mother , saith another childe , when shall we eat ? mother , saith another , where is bread ? o mother , saith another , i am so hungry i know not what to doe . thus the feeble children doe call vpon the wofull mother , shee complaines to the sad father , he answers her with pittious complaints against the pittilesse neighbours ; alas ! what shall i doe ? i haue beene at goodman — such a ones house ; from him i went to goodman — such a one ( good men with a mischiefe , that haue not a mite of goodnesse in them , because no compassion on their miserable fellow-members , ) i haue beene ouer the parish , i haue beene out of the parish , with money in my hand , and cannot get a pecke of barley : they haue it , but they say they cannot spare it . o miserable condition ! the poore man is put to a double labour ; first , to get a little money for corne , and then to get a little corne for money , and this last is the hardest labour : he might haue earned almost halfe a bushell , while hee ruunes about begging to buy halfe a pecke . thus doe our country pharaohs make their brethren bondslaues , enforcing them to make bricke , and denying them straw ; crying , hang them , hang them if they steale , yet not setting them on worke , nor releeuing them when they haue wrought , and so enforcing them either to steale or to starue . remember , o ye palmer-wormes remember , your predecessour , the rich foole in the gospell . h the ground of a certaine rich man brought forth plenteously . and hee thought with himselfe , what shall i doe , because i haue no roome to bestow my fruits ? what shalt thou doe , man ? hast thou so much that thou knowest not what to do with thy goods ? i will tell thee what thou shalt doe : giue to the poore out of thine abundance ; if thou wilt not doe so , yet sell to them at a reasonable price . what shalt thou doe ? why ? make the guts of the poore thy garnors ; their bowels , thy barnes ; their empty mawes , thy mow-hayes ; so shalt thou bee sure that both thy substance and thy soule shall bee safe . how ? no , i 'le none of that . why ? what wilt thou doe then ? i know what i will doe : i will pull downe my barnes , and build greater . nay , soft and faire , thou mayest saue charges and labour ; for , o foole , this might shall they take away thy soule from thee . so let thine enemies perish , o lord , euen all these who are enemies to those whom thou most befriendest , the poore and indigent : vnlesse it rather please thee ( which wee most desire ) to giue them grace to turne mercifull , that so thou mayest haue mercy vpon them : and vnlesse it please thee to giue them wisdome from aboue , to flye from the curse , by forsaking the cursed sinne which procureth it , and to buy a blessing at so cheap an hand , as by selling the superfluity of their corne , hauing reserued sufficient for their owne prouision : for , blessings shall be on the head of him who selleth it . the third sermon . pro. 11. 26. but blessing shall be vpon the head of him who selleth it . i haue almost beene tired on mount ebal , the mountaine of cursing ; whereunto the first part of my text necessarily tasked mee . i doe therefore ( after some pause ) the more willingly climbe the mount gerizim , the mountaine of blessing , whereunto the second part doth lead me ; and glad i am to follow , because the ascent is easie , and the top excellent . the ascent i call the duty , which is selling , than which , what more easie ? by the top i vnderstand the recompence , which is no lesse than blessing ; than which , what more excellent ? but blessing shall bee on the head of him who selleth it . consider wee first , the duty , which is selling of corne , opposite to the sinne of with-holding it . that selleth . ] the originall word importeth breaking , or diuiding . the meaning is , that corne must be broken from the heape , and by small portions distributed abroad among many , according to the necessity and ability of the buyer ; that they who cannot reach a bushell , may haue a pecke , or halfe a pecke , for their money . the like phrases are frequent in scripture : breake thy bread vnto the hungry . — giue a portion vnto seauen — as a loafe of bread is broken and diuided among many , that euery one may haue some , and not one all ; so corne is to be broken from the heape , and not to bee sold by the heape to ingrossers , and to such as will make a commodity by retailing it at a dearer rate , but in smaller portions to bee diuided and subdiuided to the poorer sort of people who doe buy for necessity . thus to sell ( especially in such seasons as these ) is a worke of charity , and shall not want a reward ; for it shall receiue a blessing . so that there is a charity sometimes in selling . there are three principall deeds of charity : 1. giuing , 2. lending , 3. selling. giuing is the chiefest and most noble ; it is more blessed to giue , than to receiue ; and therein man doth most resemble god , a who giueth vs abundantly all things to enioy . lending is next , if it be free lending ; b a good man is mercifull and lendeth , saith the psalmist . selling is the last , yet this also ( rightly performed ) wanteth not a blessing . the holy ghost in scripture prescribeth rules for selling , giuing a charge , that c no man doe circumuent or defraud another in bargaining . d lydia , a seller of purple , is praised , and said also to be a worshipper of god. in the last chapter of this booke , the godly matron is commended , not onely ( though chiefly ) for her bounty in giuing , e pro. 31. 20. she stretcheth forth her hands to the poore , yea , shee spreadeth them out to the needy ; but also for her selling ; shee maketh fine wooll , and selleth it , and deliuereth girdles to the merchants . behold herein , and acknowledge the gratious indulgence and great kindenesse of our heauenly father , and master to vs his poore children and seruants . he imposeth no hard taske vpon vs. christ may well say , f my yoke is easie , and my burthen light : if there bee any hardnesse in any of his precepts , it is mollified againe with some milde qualification . g canst thou not ( saith a saint ) keepe virginity ? god giues thee leaue to marry : canst thou not fast ? god giues thee leaue to eat : hast thou a great charge , many of thine owne to be prouided for , so that it is not for thine ease to giue ? behold , god giueth thee leaue to sell , yea , promiseth a blessing where thou makest a benefit . h sell that you haue , and giue almes , saith our sauiour : is that somewhat hard to sell and giue all ? why , then sell some , and giue almes of a part , yea , giue almes euen by selling some part of that which you may well spare to your poore brethren ; that i now at this time your abundance may supply their want , that [ at another time ] their abandance may supply your want , that there may be an equality . yea , where there is ability of giuing , there god accepteth selling at some times , such times as these . hee who selleth to preuent a dearth , doth a good worke , as well as hee who giueth in the time of dearth . a few bushels sent to the market , and sold indifferently to the needy , doe please god , as well as mony or bread giuen at the doore : by this , one or a few are , for the time , refreshed ; by the other , many are weekely releeued ; by giuing at the doore , many times , idle bellies , loose lozels , lewd loyteterers are pampered , whose backes had more need to be punished ; but by reasonable and seasonable selling , many poore painefull families are maintained , which hauing laboured hard all the weeke , must not onely pray , but fast the sunday , if they caunot buy a little corne the satterday . so that the way to heauen is not so narrow , nor the gate so strait , but that a courteous farmer , with his cart-load of corne may enter into it , who is ready to releeue the countrey by charitable selling . behold how god esteemes that mercy to others , which brings a commodity to our selues ; and saith , in effect , to you that are of ability , in these extremities ; thy neighbour hath need , yea , i my selfe , in him , doe suffer want , now enrich thy selfe . at other times ( and so now too especially ) k hee that giueth to the poore , lendeth vnto the lord ; at this time , hee that selleth vnto the poore , giueth vnto the lord , and the lord will repay him with a blessing on the bargaine . doth dauid say of him , l who hath dispersed and giuen to the poore , that his righteousnesse remaineth for euer ? behold , his righteousnesse also remaineth , and a blessing is layd vp for him who disperseth and selleth to the poore . did that blessed saint say truly in one sense , m charitas de sacculo non erogatur , charity is not drawne out of a sacke : we may as truly ( in this sense ) affirme the contrary , charity is drawne out of a sacke . when a man openeth the sacke and selleth as he ought , he dealeth charitably . to sell , in latine , is , n to giue to sale ; so that to sell to him that needeth , is a kinde of gift . the charitable seller shall haue his reward , as well as the charitable giuer . o i say , the charitable seller : for , not euery one that selleth , nor that selleth at euery time , must expect the blessing . euen those whom the people doe curse for not selling at this time , doe meane to sell at another time . but he who will so sell as that hee may buy a blessing , must sell charitably . how is that ? he must sell , p 1. conuenient graine , 2. for conuenient gaine , 3. in season conuenient , and 4. measure conuenient . q first , hee must shew charity in selling , in regard of the matter ; he must sell that which is good for quality . he must not sell the refuse of the wheat , lest instead of a blessing , hee come within compasse of the curse denounced by amos r , against such sellers . some will sell indeed , but it shall bee the orts and fragments of rats and mice . ſ many will giue that which they cannot sell . t but many are worse than the calabrian host , who , if his guests would not accept his profered peares , hee would tell them that the swine should eat them . many will not sell to their brethren but that which is almost too bad to be cast vnto the swine . u secondly , conuenient graine must bee sold for conuenient gaine , otherwise there is no charity , but iniury and oppression in selling . gold may bee bought too deare , and so may graine . wherefore , as saint iohn baptist counselled the publicans , so doe we the popular publicans , the farmars , x exact no more than is appointed . men say that light gaine makes heauy purses ; some shall finde that their light ware and heauy price wil make guilty consciences , & heauy hearts at the last . too many doe catch their poore neighbour , the buyer , as , they say , men doe vse to catch the panther , by placing the prey on a tree in his sight , so farre aboue his reach , that hee breakes his heart-strings in leaping at it : so , many doe bring into the market good corne , but as a bait in the sight of the buyer ; for they pitch such an high price on it , that the poore coater , though hee stretch his purse-strings till they breake againe , is not able to reach vnto it . and if they cannot haue their owne price , home it must againe , or bee housed vntill the next market ; and if the price doe fall in the meane time , they are ready to hang themselues , because they neglected their first aduantage . thirdly , selling ( especially in this ) cannot bee charitable , vnlesse it bee also seasonable . god giueth euery thing food in due season ; so will the godly afford their poore brethren that which must feed them in the fittest season . tempestiuity in doing , addeth weight and worth to euery good deed . what is a pardon worth , that commeth after execution ? as much as the cardinals cap which the pope sent to b. fisher , when the head was off that should haue worne it . farmers will sell ( forsooth ) but not yet , not in haste , the price is not yet high enough for their purpose . they haue learn'd the language of the iewes in haggaies times , and doe say , by releeuing the spiritual temples of the lord , as they did by repairing his materiall temple . y the time is not yet come , the time that the lords house should be built . the time is not yet come that wee should sell ; it will bee dearer a great deale , and that ere long . what is this but to delay a blessing , vntill it turne to a curse ; like the reprieuing of a good dish of meat till it be moulded , and full of worms ? you who desire a blessing vpon your selling , remember that of the apostle , and take it as spoken to you in this particular , z now is the acceptable time , now is the day of saluation . now is the time ( you who haue corne to sell ) now is your time to sell it ; now that corne is deare , now bring it forth , furnish the markets , bring downe the price ; now take your time , that you may bring a blessing on your soules . lastly , as the matter must be good , so the measure must be iust ; there must bee a conueniency as well in regard of quantity as of quality , otherwise , charity and a blessing will be absent from your selling . a false ballances are abhomination vnto the lord ; and are not false bushels and false peckes also ? b iust ballances , iust weights , a iust ephah , and a iust hin shalt thou haue . c to make the ephah small , and the shekel great , and to sell the refuse of the corne : bad ware , and as bad measure , this is not to sell vnto the poore , but to sell the poore , or to buy them for so base a price as a paire of shooes , saith the prophet . such merchants are some of our mizars , who bring good graine and great measure to the market , onely to fetch vp the price , and doe sell worse corne and lesse measure to their poore neighbours at home at the same price , swearing that they sold it for so much at the market , and so by a mentall reseruation , reserue their soules ( without repentance ) for the diuell . what can this bee , but a manifest breach of that strict iniunction , d thou shalt not haue in thy bagge diuers waights , thou shalt not haue in thine house diuers measures , a great and a small ; and marke what followes , and tremble all yee that practise such craft , all that doe such things , and all that doe vnrighteously , are an abhomination to the lord. and how can abhominable selling expect a blessing ? it is the charitable seller , for whose head this crowne is prepared , as a reward , not of merit , but of mercy ; which that it may the more feruently affect vs , let it be a little more punctually considered by vs , blessing shall bee on the head of him who selleth it . here it is obseruable , that the reward promised , is larger and more emphatically laid downe , than the punishment threatned . for whereas the antithesis requires that it should be said , the people shall blesse him , as it was of the cōtrary , the people shal curse him , it is not so said , but , blessing shal be on his head , which is more emphaticall . for hereby it is signified , that god taketh on him to be the bestower of the blessing , he will not entrust the multitude therewith , he will doe it himselfe to preuent failing . in naming the head , ( the sublimest and noblest part of the whole body ) he intimateth that god , who is the fountaine of blessednesse , will streame downe blessings vpon him plentifully and comfortably . that which is powred downe vpon the head , must needs proceed from something that is aboue the head . now there is none higher than the head of man , that can conferre a blessing on man , but god alone . hence therefore it must needs follow , that god will crowne with blessings that man who charitably selleth his corne in times of extremity , thereby to mitigate or abate the dearth . these are two sinnes especially reigning among the poorer sort of people ; 1. murmuring , and 2. vnthankfulnesse : if they want , and be not presently satisfied , they murmure against god and man ; they cry out on the hardnesse of the times and of mens hearts . this dauid , long sithence , obserued in some of that kinde ; e they wander vp and downe for meat , and grudge if they be not satisfied . and yet being satisfied , commonly they are vnthankefull both to god and man. they haue mouthes full of cursing against them who with-hold corne ; but not a breath of blessing ( too many of them ) for those who releeue them , either by giuing , lending , or selling . this makes mens hearts to bee harder than they would be ; and this causeth god to punish such murmuring , such vnthankfulnesse , by encreasing their wants , and remouing the supplies . but let neither of these discourage good christians from doing their duties ; let no man bee disheartned from charitable beneficence by the peoples vnthankfulnesse : for though man be vngratefull , yet god is not forgetfull . good men in doing good , doe looke vp chiefly to the fountaine of goodnesse , to god and his glory . be ye assured therefore , that though men doe neglect their duty , yet god can as soone forget himselfe as his mercy . if the people , who are ready to curse when they want , be not as ready to blesse when their wants are supplied , yet god , who hath powred charity into your hearts , will powre down blessings vpon your heads , and so crowne in you his owne gifts . i must reserue some time for application , and so much the more , because my text ( rightly applied ) surroundeth the whole temple , and bespeaketh all auditors here present , of whatsoeuer condition , euen from the chancell to the church-doore , as well for application as attention . and because salomon saith , blessing shall be vpon the head , let me first beginne with the head of this assembly , and prepare them to receiue the blessing , which afterward ( like aarons ointment ) may from the head distill vnto the beard , and thence runne downe to the hem of the garment . to you ( right worshipfull ) doth salomon speake in this proclamation , as proclamations are first addressed to the chiefe officers , that by them they may be published to the people . if you be failing in doing your duties , if you discharge not that trust which god hath imposed and his annointed hath reposed on you , how will you answer it ? how will you escape the curse of god and man. but ( praised be god ) the country doth witnesse , and we thankfully acknowledge , that hitherto ( some of you especially ) haue not beene failing . proceed in the name of god ; all the praise and recompence is paid vnto perseuerance : feare not , faint not , be resolute , be couragious ; you haue god , the king , the cleargie , the country on your sides : onely a few scarabees , whose element is dongue , may assay to scare you from your commendable courses . but let not their buzzing out-braue your worthy proceedings : let not the murmurings nor reproaches of a few , worthier to be punished then regarded , daunt you in the seruice of god and your country . i haue heard strange language from some of their lips ; the markets are worse furnished , and the price of corne more risen since the iustices haue beene so industrious . strange inferences ! iust like teuterton steeple the cause of goodwin sands . as if iudges were the cause of so many fellonies , as physitians ( in some places ) are of so many funerals , and attornies of so many law-sutes . these are but bubbles blowne vp by malice or couetousnesse ; let them not be lyons to stop you from going on couragiously in the way of iustice . though the people do sometimes curse where they should blesse , yet god will surely blesse , where he findeth obedience . as blessing shall be on the head of them who sell their corne willingly , so shall it be on your heads , who cause them , or compell them to sell , who are vnwilling . the blessing that might haue beene on their heads , if they had sold willingly , shall bee taken from theirs , and placed on your heads , for enforcing them to doe their duty . and doubtlesse , this blessing shal be doubled , if you draw them on by example , as well as by authority . if blessing shall be on the head of the seller , how many blessings shall bee on the bountifull giuer and releeuer of the poore ? if it be more blessed to giue than to receiue , then , doubtlesse , it is more blessed to giue than to sell . let me incite you ( worthies ) to an holy ambition , a godly enuy , or ( to auoyd the odiousnesse of the terme , stile it rather ) zeale . disdaine , disdaine that your tenants should carry away from your heads , such a crowne by selling , when you may anticipate the blessing by bountifull giuing . or let those earth-wormes be so base , that they will not buy heauen by selling , be ye more generous ( noble bereans ) buy it you by giuing . christ was contented to be sold himselfe at a vile price , that he might buy vs at so deare a price as his owne blood . how can we call our selues christians , if wee will not buy christ for a little siluer , or a morsell of bread ? hospitality at all times commendable , in these hard times is royall . learne of noble nehemias , to make your houses hospitals for the poore . away with that mock-chimney , or rather poyson of hospitality , entertaining of nimrods , esaus , ismaels , and those deuouring dromedaries , their followers . if euer , now , now follow your sauiours counsell of inuiting and entertaining your poore neighbours at your tables ; if not at your tables , yet in your houses ; if not in your houses , yet at your doores ; or if you will not haue them come to your owne houses , yet send sometimes to see how they are prouided at their owne . your ouer-seers for the poore , in many parishes , are poore ouer-seers : it is a worthy worke for a iustice of peace , in his parish , to ouer-see them , and if need be , to be a deacon in ministring and distributing to the necessities of the brethren . christ hath descended to baser seruices for vs. if any say , i talke of cost and charges ; i will soone shew how that may be saued , at least quitted . stop somewhat of the streame in your butteries and sellars , and open it rather at your doores . rescue your wine and your beere from the tyranny of rorers , and turne it into bread for the necessary releefe of your hungry neighbours . plucke your drinke from the throats of them that waste it , that you may the better bestow your morsels on those who want it . how many a hungry family might feast it a week , on the healths that are wasted in some gentlemens houses in a night ? one word more , i pray you , at parting : you haue mysticall corne , as well as materiall . iustice and equity is your corne ; if you with-hold this , the people will curse you , and god will adde the weight of a woe to their curses . onely , this corne of iustice is not for the market ; it must not be sold , take heed of that , it must be equally diuided , and distributed freely . iustice must not be sold by the basket , as corn is by the bushell . though in cities , commonly , merchants be iustices , yet neither in city nor country must iustices be merchants , especially of iustice . the sellers of this kinde of corne , are liable to a curse , equall with the with-holders of the other . blessing shall be on the head of them who vprightly doe administer it , and freely doe distribute it . i see here are ministers present , as well as magistrates , and shall i dismisse my brethren without a blessing ? were this a visitation ( as in some kinde it is ) here were a text for a concio ad clerum , hee that with-holdeth corne , the people shall curse him . as for materiall corne , our neighbours will exempt vs from the curse by keeping our corne from vs , not allowing vs ( by their wil● ) sufficient to serue our owne turnes , much lesse to be sellers . but ( blessed and beloued brethren ) let vs remember that we are gods husbandmen , and iosephs ( as i may say ) for spirituall corne : some of the ancients doe take this text in a mysticall sense , and by corne doe here vnderstand the preaching of the gospell . o let vs not be hiders and with-holders , but stewards and dsposers of that graine whereof is made the bread of life . neuer had wee more need to be bountifull in breaking it to the people , then in these dangerous dayes : see we not how the seeds-men of sathan , the diuels farmers and proctors , iesuites and secret sectaries doe bestirre themselues ? they are not sparing in threshing out their tares : they sell , yea , they giue abroad their romish graine , they impose it on the people , and doe presse them to take it : shall we be with-holders and hiders of gods graine , when so many are ready to perish for want of knowledg ? it may be the common people , who care not much for this mysticall corne , will not curse vs , though we keepe it from them : but though they doe not , god will ; for if he be cursed who with-holds corporall bread , how shall he escape who with-holds the bread of the foule ? and if blessing shall be on his head who in a needfull time produceth his corn , that the people may haue the food which perisheth , how blessed shall he be who in so needfull times as these , is bountifull in bestowing on them the food that endureth to euerlasting life ? let mee now speake to them , for whom i haue spoken all this while ; namely , the poorer sort of people , who are therefore the poorer and more miserable , because they care so little to repaire to the temple , and to heare what god saith vnto them . though the peoples curse be the curse of corn-horders , yet this is no warrant for you , o ye poore , to be impatient , & to reuenge your wrongs with execrations and curses . vengeance is mine , and i will recompence , saith the lord. when saint iames had bitterly inueighed against couetous rich men for keeping in their coyne , and their cloathing , and for detaining from the labourer his hire , though hee said that a the rust of their siluer should bee a witnesse against them , and that the moaths of their garments should at their flesh as fire , and that the cries of the laborers entred into the eares of the lord ; yet hee doth not counsell the labourers to cry , much lesse to curse , but exhorting them to patience , aduiseth them to commit their case to the supreme iudge , saying , b be patient therefore , brethren , till the comming of the lord. — grudge not one against another , brethren , lest yee be condemned . behold the iudge standeth before the doore . * rather , looke into your selues , accuse your selues , and if you will needs curse , banne and abandon your owne sinnes , for they are the causes of all your calamities . your grudging , your murmuring , your vnthankefulnesse , these , and the like , haue caused god to harden the hearts of men against you . sinne , sin is the procurer of dearth , and of all other disasters besides . c god turneth a fruitfull land into barrennesse : why doth he so ? for the wickednesse of the people that dwell therein . onely for sinne , bethleem , which was an house of bread , became an house of famine ; and that land , which abounded with milke and honey , was abandoned to dearth and scarcity . in the caldean language d ( saith blessed ambrose ) sodome and gomorra doe signifie blindnesse and barrennesse . e consider with your selues , whether among your other sinnes , your affected blindnesse be not a cause of this inflicted barrennesse . alas ! you doe not feele your greatest famine : miserable is your ignorance : i haue knowne some of you that haue not knowne whether christ were a man or a woman . how sollicitous are you for corporall , how carelesse of spiritual sustenance ? crying out that you are ready to dye for want of a crust , and not perceiuing that you doe daily perish for want of knowledge ? f you wander vp and downe for meat , and grudge if you be not satisfied ; you may bee fed at home with the food that endureth to euerlasting life , and will not come to receiue it . if your neighbour deny you wheat or barley , you complaine , you cry , you are ready to curse him . but if god doe send a famine , not of bread , but of ( that which is much more pretious ) the word of god , or if the bread of life be withholden from you , by those who should breake it vnto you , you are nothing grieued thereat , you neuer complaine of that want . these , and the like , your peculiar sins haue caused vnto you this dearth . accuse not so much the couetousnes of others , as your own corruptions : not the constellations or courses of the heauens , but euill men , euill minds , euill manners , do make the times euill . amend them , and these will soone be amended . and amend , if not for loue of god and godlinesse , yet for feare of iudgements . repent , if not inuited thereunto by goodthings , yet enforced by these things which you account euill , what you haue lost by sin and negligence , redeeme , recouer by true repentance . learne you once to seek first the kingdome of god and his righteousnes , and then you haue a most sure word of promise , that g all these things shall be added vnto you god will turn stones into bread , make the most stony-hearted mammonist relent and yeeld you bread , or he will raine downe bread from heauen , or cause the rauens to feed you , or worke any miracle rather than you shall perish . or if it please god to correct you with this rod , and to exercise you with this affliction , yet despaire not ; for euen these publike calamities are sanctified to gods children . to them , this very scourge of famine ( as well as other curses ) haue their natures altered , as the bitter waters of mara , were turned into sweetnesse , and a stinging serpent changed into a flourishing rod. no extremity of famine ( no more then any other temptation ) can turne the loue of god from his children ; as is cleere by that bold challenge of the apostle to all afflictions and crosses , and to this as well as to any of the rest , h who shall separate vs from the loue of christ ? shall tribulation , or distresse , or persecution , or famine ? no , for in all these things wee are more then conquerors , through him that loued vs. can i quit the mountaine of blessing , without bequeathing a blessing ? i cannot ; and to whom should i bequeath it , rather then vnto them on whom my text doth bestow it , the sellers ? we who are the preachers of peace , may , and ought sometimes encourage men vnto contention , so it be against sinne , and the courses of sinners . contend you therefore ( charitable breasts ) against these hard-hearted horders : be you as couetous for your soules , as they are for perishing substance : while they heape vp curses on themselues by with-holding , striue you for blessings by charitable selling . now is your haruest , take aduantage of these hard times to store your selues with the best riches ; see how god makes many to want , that you may abound , and suffers others to be miserable , that you may be blessed by relieuing them . neglect not this opportunity , but now by seasonable selling buy vnto your selues an assured blessing ; you see with what a faire offer god presents you , to get heauen without loosing any thing on earth . that blessing which others attaine vnto by free giuing , you may get by profitable selling . blessed shall you be in your outward estate , you shall neuer be the poorer at the yeeres end ; you shal finde as much coine in your purses , as the greedy cormorant that sharketh after all aduantages . god will blow on his store , and boare holes in his bags , while yours shall hold , and be encreased : a little that the righteous hath , is more then all the riches of the wicked . blessed shall you be in your names and reputations ; you shall be praised and well reported of by all men ( all good men ) and by the truth it selfe : the precious ointment of a good name shall perfume the places of your aboad : the righteous shall be had in euerlasting remembrance . blessed shall you be in the loue of the people . the daily labourer shall daily pray for you ; and magistrates shall praise you ; godly ministers shall reioyce & take comfort in you ; widdowes & orphanes in their hearty prayers shall send letters of commendation in your behalfe vnto heauen , to the king of heauen , their speciall protector and assured friend to all that doe befriend them . blessed shall you be in your husbandry , and in your fields ; this yeeres selling shall be the next yeeres sowing and reaping : the earth which was cursed for adams sinne , shall be blessed vnto you : no worthing , no marle , no manuring shall procure you more plenty of corne , then this your selling of corne ; yea , a blessing shall be on your children , and on your posterity after you , as is promised vnto the faithfull . god shall crowne you with spirituall blessings : i he shall put gladnesse into your hearts , more then they haue , when their corne and their wine is increased , and the prices with them : you shall haue peace of conscience , ioy in the holy ghost , greater treasures then all full coffers and barnes can afford . you shall be blessed in your sicknesse . god himselfe shal be your physitian , your keeper , your attender : the lord will strengthen you vpon the bed of languishing , he himselfe will burne all your bed in your sicknes . you shall be blessed in that houre wherein others are most distressed , in your death ; with old simeon you shall depart in peace , your eyes before-hand seeing your saluation . but most blessed shall you be after death , when god shall crowne you with euerlasting blessednesse in heauen ; then shall the head of blessings be on your head , when you shall be most neerely and eternally ioyned vnto your head christ iesus , who is blessednesse it selfe , who is god blessed for euer . o how ioyfull shall you be at that day , when others shall be most sorrowfull : how blessed , when these corn-holders shall be cursed ▪ for when they shall be sent away with the goates on the left hand , with that wofull word , depart ye cursed into euerlasting fire , prepared for the diuel and his angels : then shal you standing among the sheepe on the right hand heare that happy call , come ye blessed k of my father , inherit the kingdome prepared for you from the foundation of the world . to which kingdome he bring vs who hath prepared it for vs , and to him one god in three persons , blessed for euer , be ascribed all praise , power , might , maiesty , glory , and dominion , now and for euer . amen . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a00818-e150 1 cor. 11. 32. veteres omnes morbos inediâ curabant . notes for div a00818-e1830 the occasion of the choice of this text. a luk. 18. 2. ministers . et quae non prosunt singula , iuncta iuuant . a psal . 37. 27. b deut. 11. 29. 27. 13. iosh . 18. 33. diuision of the text into two parts . in the former part consider , 1. the sinne , 2. the sequel . prima primae . the sin withholding corne. all keeping of corne not vnlawfull . * paruula na● exemplo est magni formica laboris , ore trahit quod cunque potest , acque addit aceruo quem struit , haud igna●a e● non incauta futuri horat. hyemis memores tectque repenunt virgil. 4. aenid . parcum genus est patiensque laboris . ouid metam . 7. videatur plinius . lib. 11. cap. 30. et ambros . hexam . l. 6. c. 4. item aelian . de var. histor . l. 1. indè dictum granigerum agmen , a a see pro. 6. 6 , 7 , 8. b what is vnlawfull herein . c ambr. offic. l. 3. c. 6. d vnder the word , corne euery publike commodity is comprehended . doctr. 1. a grieuous sin to procure or further famine by raising the price of corne. reasons . 1. it is odious vnto god. e amos ● . ● , 5 , 6 f dod ad text. g vers . 8. the detaining of other commodities not so necessary for the life of man a corn , forbidden by god. h iam. 5. 1 , 2 , 3. much more of bread-corne , without , which the life of man can hardly , yea , not at all , be sustained . i the necessity of bread vnto mans life . k isa . 3. 1. leuit. 26. 26. ezech. 4. 16. 5. 16. 14. 13. satis est homini fluuiusque ceresque . 2. it is opposite to nature . l hi mores , haec duri immota catonis secta f●it , scr●are modum , finemque tenere , naturamque sequi patriaeque impendere vitam . nec sibi , sed toti genitum se credere mundo . lucan l. 2. m eccle. 5. 9. n corn-horders traitours to nature . o that which nature most desireth , they detest ; that is , plenty . p psal . 65. 11. and that which nature teacheth most to detest , they doe most desire , namely , dearth and scarcity . q mat. 5. 45. r 1 king. 8. 38. a ezech. 14. 13 , 14. b ezec. 16. 49. 3. condemned by the lawes of nations . c annonam vexare et tentare vel maximè dardanarii solent , quorum auaritia itum est tam mandatis quàm costitutionibus . vlpian . in leg . annon . d. de extraordinar . criminio . d terra communis omnium mater est , propterea iusta ; vos autem iniusti , qui eam duntaxat vestram matrem esse voluistis ; quod nisi ab huiusmodi incepto destiteritis , diutiùs vos in ea permanere non sinam . epistol apolloniꝭ ad a●nona vex●tores in princip . e de mathemalicis italia pelend is factum senatus consultum atrox et irritum . tacit. annal. l. 12. c. 52. f genus hominum quod in ciuitate nostra & vetabitur semper & retinebitur . tacit. hist . l c. 22. tacit , annal. l. 2. c. 31. application . three sorts of people guilty of this sinne . 1. the greedy farmer , who sometimes with-holds corne euen in selling in . 2. the couetous marchant . g gen. 43. 32. basil . 3. hucksters , or badgers of corne. the sinne of with-holding corne , more hamous in our land , than in others . lament . 2 , 12 , the sequell . the curses of the people . a common sinne drawes on a common curse . doct. 2. a fearefull thing to be iustly cursed by the people . the peoples curse two-fold . 1. causlesse or vniust , this not to be feared or regarded . a pro. 6 ▪ 2. b sciendum est quòd scriptura sacra duobus modis maledictum memorat , aliud videlicet quod approbat , aliud quod damnat . aliud enim maledictum profortur iudicio iustitiae , aliud liuore vindictae greg. moral . l. 4. c. 5. c ier. 15. 10. d exhortation to magistrates and officers to doe their duties though the people do causlesly curse them . such curses shall not hurt their credits or consciences , but rebound on those who do vse them . e psa . 109. 28. f 2 sam 16. 12. for such curses god will blesse them . g mat. 5. 11. 12 h beati super quos talis maledictio cadit . vtinam vt super nos ista maledictio veniat . euseb . emis . seu . ser . 4. post . 4 , domini . i i●ai 51. 7. k lsai 8. 13. l ephe. 1. 3. m gen. 12. 3. 3. the iustly caused curse of the poore & oppressed , this is very fearefull . n prou. 24. 24. see pro. 17. 15 o isai 5. 30. 23 vse . terrour to all oppressors of the poore . vt quidam memoratur athenis sordidus & diues vulgi cont●mnere voces sic solitus , populus me sibilat ac mihi plaudo ipse domi quoties nummos contemplor in arca . q maledictio diuina sicut nunquam temerè emittitur ita nunquam re infecta reuertitur . cartw● ad text. horat. l 1. sat . 1 ● 2 king. 9. 24 ſ ecel 4 2 , 3 , 5 , 6. especially to corne horders . z iam. 5. 4. u exod. 2● . 22 , 23 , 24. that these curses are not effectlesse in this life , shewed by examples . a story out of matthew paris , of walter grey , archbishop of yorke , a couetous corn-horder . an. dom. 1234. x another of a german bishop deuoured by rats . anno 930. hatto episcopus moguntinensis . — nomineq idem episcopus et pastor , sed reipsa lupus . scribunt quidam quòd mures quoque●o men eius detentes a parietibus et tapetibus aebraserint . — inde & in hodiernum diem turris ipsa , turris muri●m vocatu . iob fincel . andr. housdorphius . phil. laui●er . in theat . histor . theod. zuinger . in theat . vit . human . l. 18. rauisius textor . y b. godwin . catalogue of english bishops . z the effect of these curses in latter times , wherein some of these nabals haue hanged themselues , when the price of corne hath fallen . a lauater , cartwright ad text. the greatest curse of all , at the day of iudgement . b mat. 25. 41 , 42. c definita est sententia , nihil disputationi relinquens . ambros. offic. l. 3. c. 6. obiections answered . 1. may i not do with mine owne as i list ? answ . christ onely may doe with his owne as he list . man cannot , who can call properly nothing his own saue his sin . men may not vse their own to the hurt of others . it is damnable to withhold our own when others are ready to perish for want of that which we may well spare . d videatur d. basilius ser . 1. in auaros . c tristior est laetho , laethi mora . d prob saeuior ense parcendi rabies concessaque vit● dolori . claudian . e lutum sanguine . maceratum . caligula● f ita ferivt sentiant se meri , sueton. horat. obiect . 2. iosephs example answered . i fortasse dicet . et ioseph in abundantia frum●nta collegit , in caritate vendidit . ioseph sanctus omnibus aperuit horrea , non clausit , nec pretia captauit annonae , sed perenne subsidium collecauit , nihil sibi acquisiuit , sed quemadmodum fames etiam in posterum vinceretur prouida ordinatione disposuit . ambr. offic. l. 3 c. 6. k obiect . 3. gedeons example . iudg. 6. 11. answered , b. o● exon. contemplat . vol. 3. l. 9. gedeons calling . l famine , agrieuous iudgement . m ezech. 6. 11 n b. cowper on rom. 8. 35. * 2 sam. 24. 14 , 15. o lamen . 4. 9. dira fames semper magnorum prima malorum 1st comes●● lucand● . p lam 2. 11 , 12 q lam. 2. 20. it ▪ is proper to god alone to punish a sinfull nation with famine or any other iudgement . r psal 107. 34. ſ leu. 26. 29. t deut. 11. 14. we haue deserued to be thus scourged but this famine is not inflicted immediately by god , but enforced by the cruell couetousnesse of men. u ioel 1. 10. x frumentarii pretii captatores , amb offic. ● . 3. c. 6. y hos . 2. 21 , 22 z ezech. 5. 16. a sam. 24. 14 an inuectiue against couetousnesse . b itum est in viscera terrae . c itum est in viscera fratrum d itum est in viscera christi . * these corn-horders worse then vsurers . latrocinium hoc an foenus appellem ? captantur tanquā latrociniꝭ tempora quibus in vis●era hominum clarus insidiator obrepas ambr ▪ vbi supr . e lucri bonus est odor ex re qualibet — iuuenal f flumen habent cicones quod potum saxea reddit viscera , quod tactis inducit marmora rebus ouid. m●tam . the pittifull estate of poore labourers in these hard times , deplored . h luk. 12. 16. quid faciam ? nonne haec pauperis vox est , non habentis subsidia viuendi ? — quid faciam ( inquit ) quòd non habeo ? clamat sediues non habere ; paupertatis hic sermo est , de inopia queritur abundans fructibus . — et dixit , hoc faciam , horrea mea destruam . diceret potius , aperiam horrea mea , ingrediantur qui tolerare famem non queunt , veniant inopes , intrent pauperes , repleant sinus suos . desiruantur parietes qui excludunt esarientes . vt quid ego abscondam cui deus facit ab indare quod l●rgior ? ambros. l de nabuth c 6. id. ibid. c. 7. dam incrementa pretiorum aucupor , amisi vsum beneficiorum . quantas anni superioris frumento animas pauperum reseruare possem ? haec me magis delectarent pretia , quae non nummo aestimantur sed gratia : — tu verò non h●c ditis , sed ais . de ruam horrea mea recte destiues ea quibus nullus pauper onustus reuertitur , &c. the second part of the text , wherin it is to be considered . 1 the duty to be performed ▪ selling. perfringentis metaphora à rebus fractis ▪ cartwright ad locum . doct. 3. there is a charity in selling , as well as in giuing . a 1 tim. 6. 17. b psalm . c 1 thes . 4. 6. d act. 16. 14. e prou. 31. 20 vers . 24. vse 1. to teach vs to acknowledge gods goodnesse in accepting any seruice done at his command , though for our owne profit . f mat. 11. 30. g chrysost . ad pop . antioch . hom . 65. h luk. 12. 33. i 2 cor. 8. 14. god accepteth sometimes selling , euen where there is ability of giuing . vse 2. to incite those who are of ability , to this duty of selling . k prou. 19. 17. l psal . 112. 9. 2 cor. 9. 9. m nemo dicat , non habeo ; charitas de sacculo non erogatur . augustin . in psal . 103. n vendere quasi venum dare . o not euery one who selleth , but hee who selleth charitably , hath the recompence . p fourethings required in charitable selling . q to sell that which is good for quality , conuenient graine . r amos 8. 6. ſ plerumque , hoc homines nequeunt quod vendere donant . faern in fab . t haec hodie porcis comedenda relinques . horat. u for conuenient gaine . x luk. 3. 13. 3 in conuenient season . y haggai 1. 2. z ● cor. 6. 2. 4 conuenient measure . a prou. 11. 1. b leuit. 19. 36 deut. 25. 15. ezech. 45. 10. c amos 8. d deut. 25. 13 , 14. vers . 16. 2 da , 2 de . obseruat . the reward more emphatically layd downe , than the iudgment threatned . doct. 4. god wilblesse him who selleth charitably in time of extremity . two sinnes of the poore . 1 murmuring 2 vnthankfulnesse . e psal . 59. 15. neither of these should discourage vs from charitable actions . for though men bee vngratefull , yet god is not forgetfull . application . 1 to the magistrates , exhorting them to carefulnes in doing their duties in this behalfe , according to his maiesties orders . and to draw on the people by their example . o quae stultitia est ! deus emit sanguine seruos , mercari paruo nos piget aere deum . dehortation from withholding iustice , & from selling it . 2 to ministers . to be careful and faithfull in distributing spirituall corne for the bread of life . hieronym . hugo cardinal . et aly . 3 to the poore . here is no warrant for them to reuenge their wrongs with cursings , as commonly they doe . a iam. 5. b vers . 7 , 8 , 9. * but rather to accuse and curse their owne sins , the cause of that sufferings . malorum omnium n●●orum casa est pecc●um . nihil imputerus astris ; sacrilegio annus exaruit . symmach . c psal . 107. d lingua patria caldaei nuncuparunt sodomam et gomorram coecitatem et sterilitatem . ambrso . l. de noe et arca. c. 19. e particularly that common sinne of the vulgar , who are more carefull for materiall bread than for the word , the bread of their soules . f psal . 59. 15. mala tempora facit nobis contemptus dei , temporum cursus non facit . chrysologus . de orat . et ●eiunio ser 43. g mat. 6. 33. h rom. 8. 35. 4 encouragement and comfort vnto sellers . god shall crowne them with blessings externall . internall . i psal . 4. 7. psal . 41. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all . k mat. 25. 34.