







 
   
     
       
         Some seasonable and modest thoughts, partly occasioned by, and partly concerning the Scots East-India Company humbly offered to R.H. Esq., a member of the present Parliament / by an unfeigned and hearty lover of England.
         C. K., Unfeigned and hearty lover of England.
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
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             Some seasonable and modest thoughts, partly occasioned by, and partly concerning the Scots East-India Company humbly offered to R.H. Esq., a member of the present Parliament / by an unfeigned and hearty lover of England.
             C. K., Unfeigned and hearty lover of England.
          
           36 p.
           
             s.n.],
             [Edinburgh :
             1696.
          
           
             Signed at end: C.K.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies.
           Foreign trade regulation -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- Commerce -- 17th century.
        
      
    
     
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           SOME
           Seasonable
           and
           Modest
           THOUGHTS
           ,
           Partly
           occasioned
           by
           ,
           and
           partly
           concerning
           the
           
             Scots
             East-India
          
           COMPANY
           .
        
         
           Humbly
           offered
           to
           
             R.
             H.
          
           Esq
           ;
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           present
           PARLIAMENT
           .
        
         
           
             By
             an
             unfeigned
             and
             hearty
             Lover
             of
          
           ENGLAND
           .
        
         
           Printed
           in
           the
           Year
           1696.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           Some
           seasonable
           and
           modest
           Thoughts
           ,
           partly
           occasioned
           by
           ,
           and
           partly
           concerning
           the
           Scots
           East-India
           Company
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           THIS
           Paper
           would
           not
           come
           addressed
           to
           you
           ,
           if
           I
           knew
           any
           in
           your
           House
           ,
           to
           whom
           for
           all
           intellectual
           and
           moral
           Qualities
           it
           might
           more
           justly
           be
           inscribed
           and
           dedicated
           :
           Your
           admirable
           Knowledg
           ,
           steady
           Vertue
           ,
           unstained
           Honour
           ,
           and
           unwearied
           Application
           ,
           which
           do
           so
           well
           qualify
           you
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           and
           especially
           at
           this
           critical
           Juncture
           ,
           to
           be
           an
           useful
           Member
           of
           the
           Great
           Senato
           ,
           and
           which
           do
           so
           singularly
           adapt
           you
           to
           co-operate
           with
           such
           others
           there
           ,
           as
           are
           guided
           by
           Love
           to
           their
           Couutry
           ,
           and
           the
           old
           Maxims
           of
           
             English
             Policy
          
           ,
           to
           save
           this
           Nation
           from
           menacing
           and
           impending
           Ruin
           ,
           to
           recover
           it
           to
           Honour
           abroad
           ,
           and
           preserve
           it
           in
           Peace
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           to
           retrieve
           our
           Traffick
           ,
           and
           render
           it
           safe
           and
           prosperous
           ,
           do
           make
           you
           the
           worthy
           Object
           of
           all
           honest
           Mens
           Love
           and
           Esteem
           ,
           and
           do
           conciliate
           all
           those
           to
           be
           your
           Servants
           as
           well
           as
           your
           Friends
           ,
           who
           do
           either
           respect
           themselves
           or
           their
           Posterity
           .
           Nor
           could
           any
           thing
           have
           entitled
           you
           to
           be
           thus
           applied
           unto
           by
           an
           unknown
           Person
           ,
           save
           the
           Opinion
           which
           I
           have
           of
           your
           Wisdom
           and
           Justice
           ;
           and
           that
           as
           you
           are
           able
           to
           judg
           of
           what
           is
           here
           represented
           ,
           that
           you
           will
           likewise
           do
           it
           with
           an
           Equity
           becoming
           the
           Merit
           of
           the
           Cause
           ,
           and
           not
           under
           the
           Biass
           either
           of
           antient
           Piques
           ,
           or
           of
           supposed
           present
           Emulations
           between
           these
           two
           
             British
             Kingdoms
          
           .
        
         
           SIR
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           now
           dispute
           ,
           whether
           the
           World
           might
           not
           have
           been
           happier
           by
           its
           continuance
           under
           Consinement
           ,
           and
           stak'd
           down
           to
           Agriculture
           ,
           and
           those
           
             Mechanick
             Arts
          
           that
           are
           needful
           to
           the
           Conveniences
           of
           Life
           ,
           (
           without
           purveying
           
           for
           our
           Pride
           and
           Sensuality
           )
           than
           it
           is
           by
           launching
           out
           into
           that
           measure
           and
           degree
           of
           Mercantile
           Commerce
           which
           has
           excited
           our
           Lusts
           as
           well
           as
           fed
           them
           ,
           and
           given
           provocation
           to
           Vice
           by
           yielding
           Fewel
           to
           it
           .
           But
           some
           Nation
           having
           departed
           from
           the
           antient
           simplicity
           of
           Living
           concented
           with
           the
           Productions
           of
           their
           own
           Countries
           ,
           and
           having
           by
           Navigation
           and
           Trade
           ,
           raised
           themselves
           to
           Wealth
           ,
           Power
           ,
           and
           increase
           of
           Inhabitants
           ;
           it
           thereupon
           grew
           necessary
           for
           other
           Nations
           to
           fall
           into
           the
           like
           Methods
           ,
           lest
           otherwise
           they
           should
           have
           been
           a
           Prey
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           a
           Derision
           ,
           to
           them
           whom
           Trade
           had
           rendred
           Mighty
           and
           Opulent
           :
           So
           that
           now
           the
           Application
           unto
           ,
           and
           the
           Encouragement
           and
           Protection
           of
           Trade
           ,
           is
           not
           a
           Matter
           of
           meer
           Choice
           and
           Discretion
           ,
           but
           of
           indispensible
           Necessity
           for
           every
           Kingdom
           that
           is
           qualified
           by
           their
           Situation
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           be
           contemned
           and
           insulted
           ,
           and
           lie
           continually
           exposed
           to
           be
           conquered
           by
           any
           ambitious
           and
           encroaching
           Neighbours
           ,
           whom
           Trade
           hath
           made
           Wealthy
           and
           Powerful
           :
           For
           as
           Trade
           is
           a
           richer
           and
           more
           durable
           Mine
           than
           any
           in
           Mexico
           or
           Peru
           ,
           and
           whence
           a
           Nation
           may
           constantly
           derive
           an
           Increase
           of
           Bullion
           and
           Coin
           ,
           so
           in
           proportion
           to
           its
           plenty
           of
           Money
           will
           it
           flourish
           at
           Home
           ,
           and
           be
           terrible
           Abroad
           ;
           and
           answerable
           to
           the
           Measures
           that
           any
           Country
           or
           Kingdom
           arriveth
           at
           in
           Foreign
           Commerce
           and
           Traffick
           ,
           will
           it
           proportionably
           grow
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           Naval
           Strength
           ,
           but
           in
           Military
           Force
           by
           Land
           :
           Of
           which
           not
           only
           the
           Phenicians
           and
           Carthaginians
           of
           old
           ,
           and
           long
           after
           them
           the
           
             Venetians
             ,
             Genouese
          
           ,
           and
           Portuguese
           are
           famous
           instances
           ;
           but
           whereof
           the
           Dutch
           are
           in
           a
           special
           manner
           an
           amazing
           and
           illustrious
           Example
           ;
           who
           tho
           they
           have
           narrow
           and
           scanty
           Territories
           ,
           live
           under
           a
           bad
           Air
           ,
           dwell
           upon
           a
           watery
           and
           unhealthy
           Soil
           ,
           and
           have
           scarce
           any
           native
           Productions
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           but
           are
           forced
           to
           fetch
           their
           Bread
           ,
           their
           Drink
           ,
           their
           Raiment
           from
           elsewhere
           ;
           yet
           through
           the
           meer
           pursuit
           of
           ,
           and
           application
           to
           Trade
           ,
           they
           not
           only
           rival
           the
           greatest
           Kings
           and
           most
           potent
           Kingdoms
           in
           powerful
           Navies
           ,
           and
           warlike
           Armies
           ,
           but
           they
           give
           Laws
           to
           several
           mighty
           Monurchs
           and
           States
           in
           all
           the
           known
           Parts
           of
           the
           World.
           And
           forasmuch
           as
           Money
           will
           always
           procure
           Men
           ,
           they
           do
           in
           the
           Virtue
           thereof
           supply
           themselves
           from
           time
           to
           time
           with
           vast
           Numbers
           of
           Souldiers
           from
           divers
           parts
           of
           Europe
           ;
           and
           
           without
           imploying
           any
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           very
           few
           of
           their
           own
           People
           ,
           they
           do
           by
           their
           Acquisitions
           in
           way
           of
           Trade
           ,
           muster
           and
           keep
           up
           large
           Armies
           ,
           both
           for
           their
           own
           Defence
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           as
           well
           as
           of
           War
           ;
           which
           their
           living
           upon
           a
           Continent
           surrounded
           with
           Neighbours
           who
           envy
           their
           Prosperity
           ,
           and
           are
           jealous
           of
           their
           Power
           ,
           rendereth
           necessary
           ;
           and
           also
           for
           the
           Offence
           of
           those
           that
           seek
           to
           encroach
           upon
           or
           insult
           them
           .
           So
           that
           by
           their
           meer
           Money
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Result
           and
           Product
           of
           Trade
           ,
           they
           purchase
           Men
           to
           shed
           their
           Blood
           ,
           and
           to
           lose
           their
           Lives
           in
           defending
           them
           against
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           making
           Conquests
           for
           them
           upon
           others
           :
           And
           the
           Nature
           of
           War
           being
           changed
           from
           what
           antiently
           it
           was
           ,
           when
           Courage
           and
           Bravour
           often
           decided
           a
           Quarrel
           between
           States
           and
           Kingdoms
           in
           a
           Day
           ,
           and
           seldom
           missed
           putting
           an
           End
           to
           a
           War
           ,
           either
           by
           Victory
           or
           Accommodation
           ,
           within
           the
           Circle
           of
           one
           Campaign
           ;
           the
           Success
           of
           it
           now
           is
           come
           to
           depend
           upon
           the
           largest
           Purse
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           bravest
           Troops
           ;
           and
           they
           who
           have
           
             most
             Money
          
           ,
           tho
           not
           always
           the
           
             valiantest
             Men
          
           ,
           will
           have
           the
           better
           in
           the
           War
           ,
           though
           they
           may
           sometimes
           have
           the
           worst
           in
           a
           Battel
           :
           So
           that
           no
           poor
           Nation
           can
           in
           the
           way
           that
           War
           is
           now
           managed
           ,
           carry
           an
           Offensive
           War
           against
           a
           Wealthy
           ,
           tho
           it
           may
           possibly
           through
           some
           Advantages
           peculiar
           to
           it
           ,
           be
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           maintain
           a
           Defensive
           ;
           as
           the
           Switzers
           ,
           who
           through
           plenty
           of
           brave
           Men
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           situation
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           may
           continue
           a
           Defensive
           War
           ,
           at
           least
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           against
           any
           Nation
           that
           shall
           have
           the
           boldness
           to
           attack
           them
           .
           But
           I
           do
           say
           ,
           that
           no
           necessitous
           and
           indigent
           Nation
           can
           make
           an
           Offensive
           War
           against
           a
           wealthy
           Kingdom
           or
           State
           ,
           unless
           they
           can
           make
           their
           Enemies
           Country
           the
           Seat
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Plenty
           and
           Riches
           thereof
           both
           subsist
           and
           pay
           their
           own
           Army
           :
           Whereas
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           through
           their
           being
           wealthy
           by
           reason
           of
           Trade
           ,
           have
           heretofore
           lived
           many
           Years
           in
           War
           without
           growing
           weary
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           tho
           they
           have
           seldom
           made
           great
           Acquisitions
           ,
           yet
           they
           have
           as
           seldom
           sustained
           any
           considerable
           Losses
           ,
           yea
           ,
           they
           have
           been
           able
           by
           their
           Money
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Product
           of
           their
           Commerce
           ,
           to
           prevail
           upon
           others
           to
           assist
           them
           ,
           when
           the
           Subversion
           of
           their
           State
           has
           been
           most
           menaced
           ,
           and
           their
           Country
           in
           the
           greatest
           Jeopardy
           ;
           tho
           they
           have
           also
           (
           to
           be
           restored
           to
           the
           free
           and
           
           quiet
           following
           of
           their
           Traffick
           )
           purchased
           sometimes
           their
           own
           Peace
           at
           their
           Friends
           Expence
           ,
           and
           have
           abandoned
           those
           Allies
           that
           came
           in
           to
           succour
           them
           .
        
         
           NOR
           need
           I
           tell
           you
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           that
           Trade
           is
           like
           a
           nice
           and
           coy
           Mistress
           ,
           which
           you
           must
           not
           only
           industriously
           court
           to
           get
           possessed
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           sedulously
           pursue
           ,
           and
           as
           tenderly
           cherish
           if
           you
           would
           preserve
           and
           secure
           it
           :
           For
           the
           Dangers
           inseparably
           incident
           to
           Trade
           ,
           are
           of
           that
           Variety
           and
           Number
           ,
           that
           unless
           it
           be
           encouraged
           by
           Immunities
           from
           grievous
           Impositions
           ,
           few
           will
           embark
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           fewer
           persevere
           to
           follow
           it
           .
           For
           who
           would
           expose
           their
           whole
           Fortune
           and
           Capital
           to
           the
           Hazards
           which
           unavoidably
           accompany
           Navigation
           and
           Traffick
           ,
           if
           all
           that
           thereby
           accrues
           to
           them
           be
           ,
           to
           bear
           the
           chiefest
           Burden
           in
           the
           supporting
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           by
           heavy
           Taxes
           upon
           them
           to
           ease
           those
           from
           National
           Impositions
           ,
           who
           either
           wallow
           in
           Plenty
           and
           Luxury
           ,
           through
           having
           Estates
           in
           Land
           ,
           or
           who
           subsist
           comfortably
           on
           Agriculture
           and
           Mechanick
           Imploys
           ,
           without
           being
           exposed
           to
           the
           Dangers
           or
           running
           the
           Hazards
           which
           attend
           long
           Voyages
           and
           foreign
           Commerce
           ?
           And
           as
           the
           Instances
           are
           many
           and
           obvious
           to
           every
           one's
           Observations
           ,
           that
           is
           in
           any
           degree
           acquainted
           with
           the
           World
           ,
           or
           conversant
           in
           History
           ,
           that
           as
           Trade
           has
           always
           forsook
           and
           abandoned
           those
           places
           where
           it
           hath
           come
           to
           be
           too
           much
           loaded
           and
           burdened
           ,
           tho
           its
           Residence
           may
           have
           antecedently
           been
           fixed
           there
           ,
           for
           Ages
           as
           well
           as
           Years
           :
           So
           it
           is
           not
           unworthy
           of
           Remark
           ,
           that
           Trade
           seldom
           ,
           if
           ever
           ,
           returned
           to
           a
           Place
           which
           it
           had
           once
           forsook
           ;
           nor
           has
           it
           been
           found
           ,
           that
           they
           who
           by
           grievous
           Impositions
           have
           at
           any
           time
           drove
           Trade
           away
           ,
           could
           be
           able
           to
           recover
           it
           again
           by
           any
           Change
           of
           their
           Conduct
           ,
           or
           other
           Methods
           which
           they
           have
           fallen
           upon
           .
           And
           considering
           the
           many
           Advantages
           that
           arrive
           to
           Kingdoms
           in
           the
           Increase
           of
           Manufactures
           and
           Rise
           of
           Rents
           ,
           both
           of
           Lands
           and
           Houses
           ,
           through
           the
           Prosperity
           and
           Success
           of
           Trade
           ;
           it
           is
           a
           wonder
           that
           any
           People
           ,
           who
           have
           but
           Wit
           to
           govern
           themselves
           by
           Interest
           ,
           if
           they
           will
           not
           by
           the
           Measures
           of
           more
           refined
           Wisdom
           and
           Justice
           ,
           should
           burden
           and
           overload
           Trade
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Source
           and
           Fountain
           of
           so
           many
           and
           great
           Advantages
           to
           them
           :
           nor
           should
           there
           be
           more
           needful
           ,
           both
           to
           inform
           and
           convince
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           of
           the
           Benefits
           arising
           by
           the
           Protection
           and
           Encouragement
           of
           
           Trade
           ,
           than
           that
           within
           the
           Compass
           of
           little
           more
           than
           a
           Century
           of
           Years
           ,
           in
           which
           Trade
           began
           to
           augment
           ,
           the
           
             Value
             of
             Lands
          
           in
           England
           is
           risen
           to
           a
           full
           Moiety
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           as
           demonstrable
           as
           any
           Problem
           in
           Euclid
           ,
           that
           were
           our
           Tunnage
           and
           Poundage
           and
           other
           Impositions
           on
           Trade
           ,
           that
           starve
           and
           cripple
           it
           ,
           taken
           off
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           abated
           ,
           both
           the
           Lands
           of
           the
           Gentry
           would
           still
           rise
           higher
           in
           their
           Value
           ,
           and
           the
           Manufactures
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           would
           be
           more
           
             plentifully
             exported
          
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           proportionably
           increase
           and
           multiply
           :
           so
           that
           if
           Trade
           were
           more
           eased
           and
           privileged
           from
           Impositions
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           ,
           tho
           Lands
           might
           thereby
           come
           to
           be
           the
           more
           loaded
           ;
           yet
           such
           a
           Method
           would
           not
           only
           be
           greatly
           to
           the
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           would
           turn
           to
           the
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Freeholder
           and
           Landlord
           ,
           in
           that
           Lands
           and
           Houses
           would
           thereupon
           be
           both
           Lett
           and
           Sold
           at
           such
           Rates
           and
           Values
           (
           beyond
           what
           they
           now
           are
           )
           as
           would
           be
           more
           than
           an
           Equivalent
           of
           such
           a
           Burden
           .
           And
           would
           Men
           allow
           themselves
           to
           think
           calmly
           of
           this
           Matter
           ,
           the
           Heritor
           at
           the
           Rebound
           would
           sind
           his
           Interest
           as
           much
           in
           the
           relieving
           Trade
           from
           Impositions
           and
           Taxes
           as
           the
           Merchant
           would
           do
           immediately
           :
           But
           then
           to
           continue
           not
           only
           Burdens
           upon
           Trade
           in
           time
           of
           War
           ,
           but
           to
           increase
           them
           proportionably
           to
           the
           growth
           of
           the
           Charge
           and
           Expence
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           is
           forced
           to
           be
           at
           ,
           in
           the
           supporting
           and
           defraying
           it
           ,
           is
           so
           irreconcilable
           to
           all
           the
           Rules
           of
           Wisdom
           as
           well
           as
           of
           Justice
           ,
           that
           the
           doing
           it
           is
           a
           Reproach
           upon
           the
           Understandings
           of
           People
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           a
           Reflection
           upon
           their
           Equity
           :
           For
           the
           Hazards
           which
           Traders
           are
           then
           exposed
           unto
           more
           than
           other
           Persons
           ,
           and
           the
           Losses
           which
           at
           such
           a
           time
           they
           must
           unavoidably
           meet
           with
           ,
           in
           whatsoever
           they
           either
           Export
           or
           Import
           ,
           will
           be
           found
           to
           affect
           the
           Merchant's
           Estate
           and
           Capital
           so
           far
           ,
           that
           it
           ought
           both
           in
           Prudence
           and
           Justice
           to
           be
           allowed
           to
           pass
           instead
           of
           his
           Quota
           to
           all
           publick
           Taxes
           .
           But
           alas
           !
           such
           have
           been
           the
           Ways
           and
           Means
           of
           raising
           Money
           for
           the
           carrying
           on
           the
           present
           War
           ,
           that
           the
           Merchants
           have
           not
           only
           born
           a
           great
           Share
           in
           the
           whole
           Charge
           and
           Expence
           of
           it
           at
           home
           through
           Taxes
           imposed
           upon
           Shipping
           as
           well
           as
           upon
           Merchandise
           ,
           but
           they
           have
           also
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           neglects
           in
           protecting
           Navigation
           ,
           had
           the
           Misfortune
           to
           defray
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Enemies
           Expence
           in
           the
           War
           they
           make
           upon
           us
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           easily
           comprehend
           ,
           upon
           considering
           the
           vast
           Number
           of
           
           Ships
           with
           their
           Cargoes
           ,
           which
           they
           have
           taken
           from
           us
           since
           the
           Commencement
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           which
           (
           if
           calculated
           at
           the
           lowest
           Value
           )
           must
           amount
           to
           several
           Millions
           Sterling
           .
           In
           a
           word
           ,
           the
           less
           the
           Impositions
           are
           upon
           Trade
           ,
           the
           more
           Money
           the
           Merchant
           has
           to
           imploy
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           apply
           to
           the
           Enlargement
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           more
           vigorously
           it
           is
           carried
           on
           ,
           the
           further
           it
           is
           enlarged
           ,
           he
           more
           our
           Manufactures
           will
           multiply
           at
           home
           ;
           and
           all
           that
           we
           can
           fabrick
           will
           be
           the
           better
           transported
           abroad
           .
           And
           as
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           is
           capable
           of
           great
           Improvements
           ,
           and
           of
           being
           far
           extended
           beyond
           what
           it
           is
           yet
           arrived
           at
           ,
           and
           this
           both
           as
           to
           the
           Productions
           of
           Art
           and
           Nature
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           as
           to
           the
           enlarging
           our
           Commerce
           in
           the
           Commodities
           of
           Foreign
           Countries
           ;
           so
           nothing
           has
           so
           much
           discouraged
           ,
           crippled
           and
           narrowed
           it
           ,
           as
           the
           draining
           those
           large
           Sums
           and
           vast
           Proportions
           of
           Money
           out
           of
           the
           Merchant's
           Stock
           and
           Capital
           ,
           by
           his
           paying
           high
           Impositions
           ,
           Customs
           and
           Taxes
           ,
           which
           without
           those
           Burdens
           upon
           Trade
           would
           have
           been
           all
           applied
           unto
           the
           Increase
           of
           his
           Stock
           ,
           and
           imployed
           in
           the
           Enlargement
           of
           Commerce
           and
           Traffick
           .
           Nor
           would
           it
           derogate
           from
           the
           Prudence
           of
           our
           Legislators
           ,
           if
           the
           received
           Practice
           and
           the
           present
           Posture
           of
           Affairs
           will
           not
           allow
           them
           to
           make
           this
           Kingdom
           a
           
             free
             Port
          
           ;
           yet
           at
           least
           to
           imitate
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           (
           that
           know
           so
           well
           how
           to
           grow
           strong
           and
           opulent
           )
           who
           tho
           they
           have
           little
           Land
           to
           tax
           towards
           the
           defraying
           the
           Charges
           of
           their
           Government
           ,
           and
           who
           are
           also
           by
           Nature
           precluded
           from
           several
           other
           ways
           and
           means
           of
           raising
           Money
           for
           the
           Defence
           of
           their
           State
           ,
           which
           lie
           open
           and
           are
           practicable
           to
           us
           ;
           yet
           even
           they
           do
           with
           singular
           Care
           and
           in
           a
           most
           special
           Manner
           ,
           cover
           and
           excuse
           Trade
           from
           all
           extraordinary
           and
           grievous
           Impositions
           ,
           and
           do
           chuse
           rather
           to
           raise
           Money
           for
           the
           answering
           the
           Necessities
           and
           Exigencies
           of
           their
           Government
           ,
           in
           a
           hundred
           other
           Methods
           ,
           than
           to
           clog
           Traffick
           ,
           or
           to
           make
           the
           Merchant
           uneasy
           through
           large
           and
           mortifying
           Impositions
           .
        
         
           AND
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           you
           will
           readily
           imagine
           ,
           that
           if
           Trade
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           being
           preserved
           and
           enlarged
           ,
           must
           be
           so
           tenderly
           cherished
           and
           so
           carefully
           indulged
           where
           it
           is
           already
           established
           ,
           and
           has
           gained
           the
           Esteem
           and
           Affections
           of
           a
           People
           ;
           it
           must
           then
           be
           more
           amorously
           Courted
           and
           Addressed
           unto
           in
           all
           the
           ways
           that
           are
           Charming
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           give
           a
           beginning
           unto
           it
           ,
           
           and
           six
           it
           a
           Settlement
           where
           it
           has
           had
           little
           Footing
           ,
           and
           scarcely
           been
           entertained
           :
           And
           the
           more
           enticing
           must
           the
           means
           be
           to
           allure
           a
           People
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           them
           espouse
           it
           with
           Ardour
           ,
           where
           not
           only
           the
           Genius
           and
           Inclinations
           of
           a
           Nation
           have
           generally
           stood
           biassed
           another
           way
           ,
           but
           where
           (
           thro'
           being
           habituated
           to
           greater
           Frugality
           than
           their
           Neighbours
           )
           they
           have
           for
           the
           most
           part
           sat
           down
           contented
           with
           their
           own
           home
           Productions
           ,
           as
           being
           sufficient
           both
           to
           accommodate
           all
           the
           needful
           cravings
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           to
           yield
           Supplies
           for
           the
           common
           conveniencies
           of
           Life
           ;
           or
           they
           have
           only
           extended
           their
           Trade
           to
           an
           intercourse
           with
           those
           adjoining
           Nations
           ,
           that
           could
           both
           take
           off
           those
           few
           Superfluities
           which
           their
           Country
           yieldeth
           ,
           and
           might
           furnish
           them
           with
           all
           those
           Supplies
           which
           modern
           Vanity
           ,
           Pride
           and
           Luxury
           have
           rendered
           as
           it
           were
           necessary
           .
           And
           if
           Penal
           Laws
           have
           been
           found
           necessary
           to
           withdraw
           the
           Native
           Irish
           from
           their
           antient
           rude
           Custom
           of
           making
           their
           Horses
           plow
           and
           draw
           by
           the
           Tails
           ;
           you
           will
           not
           wonder
           if
           Beneficial
           Laws
           be
           thought
           needful
           to
           turn
           the
           Applications
           of
           the
           Scots
           into
           another
           Channel
           ,
           than
           that
           in
           which
           most
           of
           them
           have
           hitherto
           exercised
           their
           Parts
           ,
           and
           imployed
           their
           Industry
           :
           and
           by
           how
           much
           any
           Kingdom
           or
           State
           findeth
           that
           others
           have
           been
           long
           embarked
           in
           Traffick
           before
           them
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           must
           the
           Encouragement
           be
           the
           greater
           ,
           and
           the
           prospects
           of
           Success
           and
           Advantage
           made
           the
           more
           visible
           and
           morally
           certain
           ,
           to
           obtain
           their
           People
           to
           start
           so
           late
           ,
           and
           so
           far
           behind
           those
           interested
           in
           Trade
           previously
           to
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           in
           a
           manner
           see
           the
           Prize
           of
           the
           Course
           in
           which
           they
           are
           ingaging
           in
           the
           Possession
           and
           Enjoyment
           of
           others
           ,
           before
           they
           can
           set
           out
           and
           begin
           .
           Nor
           is
           there
           any
           thing
           more
           universally
           practised
           by
           all
           Nations
           ,
           and
           particularly
           by
           England
           ,
           than
           to
           grant
           large
           Privileges
           to
           the
           Authors
           and
           Inventors
           of
           any
           thing
           Natural
           or
           Artificial
           that
           may
           be
           profitable
           to
           Makind
           ,
           and
           beneficial
           to
           the
           Community
           :
           and
           various
           as
           well
           as
           many
           Instances
           ,
           fall
           under
           every
           Man's
           Observation
           and
           View
           ,
           how
           that
           the
           Projectors
           and
           Authors
           of
           the
           least
           thing
           that
           hath
           seemed
           to
           have
           a
           tendency
           to
           publick
           and
           National
           usefulness
           ,
           have
           had
           all
           the
           Profits
           that
           were
           likely
           for
           several
           Years
           to
           accrue
           from
           it
           ,
           vested
           in
           them
           in
           the
           way
           of
           a
           Monopoly
           ,
           as
           the
           Recompence
           and
           Reward
           either
           of
           
           their
           Skill
           or
           of
           their
           Industry
           ;
           nor
           can
           any
           be
           ignorant
           ,
           who
           are
           conversant
           either
           in
           our
           History
           ,
           or
           in
           our
           Statute-Book
           ,
           what
           Concessions
           ,
           Privileges
           and
           Immunities
           have
           been
           heretofore
           granted
           to
           the
           Walloons
           and
           others
           ,
           to
           tempt
           them
           hither
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           to
           get
           possession
           of
           ,
           and
           to
           establish
           those
           various
           Manufactures
           ,
           which
           have
           been
           of
           so
           much
           Reputation
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           Advantage
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           Yea
           ,
           while
           the
           Ingeny
           ,
           Vigour
           and
           Industry
           of
           the
           Natives
           of
           England
           ,
           spent
           themselves
           heretofore
           in
           other
           Ways
           ,
           Exercises
           and
           Applications
           ,
           than
           those
           of
           Traffick
           ;
           what
           large
           Favours
           and
           Immunities
           were
           then
           granted
           unto
           ,
           and
           bestowed
           upon
           Foreigners
           ,
           to
           procure
           them
           to
           settle
           a
           Staple
           of
           Commerce
           here
           ,
           and
           to
           cultivate
           Trade
           ?
           For
           how
           much
           soever
           the
           English
           have
           within
           this
           last
           Age
           addicted
           themselves
           to
           Trade
           and
           Navigation
           ;
           yet
           before
           the
           middle
           of
           Queen
           
           Elizabeth's
           Reign
           ,
           their
           Application
           was
           not
           much
           greater
           thereunto
           than
           that
           of
           their
           Neighbours
           ;
           and
           so
           unprovided
           was
           this
           Kingdom
           at
           that
           Time
           ,
           both
           of
           Ships
           and
           Mariners
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           less
           for
           Traffick
           than
           for
           War
           ,
           that
           the
           Government
           was
           forced
           to
           hire
           the
           one
           as
           well
           as
           the
           other
           ,
           from
           the
           Hanse-Towns
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           long
           before
           ,
           upon
           the
           Burgundians
           having
           procured
           of
           
             John
             Duke
          
           of
           Brabant
           the
           Incorporation
           of
           a
           Company
           of
           
             Merchant
             Adventurers
          
           ,
           Anno
           1248.
           our
           Politick
           as
           well
           as
           Warlike
           Prince
           Edward
           the
           3
           d
           ,
           found
           means
           to
           allure
           it
           hither
           ,
           and
           to
           get
           it
           transplanted
           into
           England
           ;
           where
           being
           established
           by
           him
           with
           many
           and
           great
           Privileges
           ,
           it
           was
           likewise
           afterwards
           confirmed
           by
           most
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           that
           succeeded
           him
           :
           But
           besides
           its
           being
           fallen
           in
           Queen
           
           Elizabeth's
           Time
           under
           some
           decline
           ,
           had
           it
           been
           in
           its
           great
           Vigour
           ,
           it
           could
           not
           have
           been
           able
           to
           support
           ,
           extend
           and
           enlarge
           Trade
           to
           the
           Measure
           and
           Degree
           which
           the
           Ballance
           of
           Europe
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           and
           the
           growth
           of
           Navigation
           and
           Traffick
           in
           other
           Nations
           made
           necessary
           to
           be
           attempted
           here
           ;
           which
           as
           it
           occasioned
           Commerce
           to
           be
           cast
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           into
           a
           new
           Mould
           ,
           and
           to
           put
           on
           a
           different
           Face
           from
           that
           in
           which
           it
           formerly
           appeared
           ;
           so
           it
           procured
           those
           Encouragements
           unto
           Trade
           ,
           and
           gained
           it
           such
           Privileges
           as
           might
           serve
           to
           promote
           its
           Propagation
           and
           Increase
           ,
           to
           a
           Proportion
           that
           should
           not
           only
           equal
           that
           of
           other
           Nations
           ,
           but
           exceed
           it
           .
           Nor
           is
           it
           improbable
           but
           that
           the
           Prospect
           which
           all
           People
           then
           had
           of
           England
           
           and
           
           Scotland's
           being
           likely
           soon
           after
           to
           be
           united
           under
           
             one
             Soveraign
          
           ,
           might
           give
           great
           Encouragement
           to
           this
           Kingdom
           to
           apply
           it
           to
           Navigation
           and
           Commerce
           more
           than
           it
           had
           been
           accustomed
           to
           do
           ,
           and
           that
           not
           only
           upon
           the
           hopes
           of
           being
           delivered
           from
           those
           Wars
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           which
           had
           for
           ,
           many
           Ages
           been
           too
           frequent
           between
           these
           British
           Nations
           ,
           and
           consequently
           great
           Obstructions
           to
           Trade
           ;
           but
           '
           en
           that
           these
           Kingdoms
           becoming
           to
           be
           so
           far
           incorporated
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           under
           
             one
             Monarch
             ,
             England
          
           should
           have
           thence
           forward
           little
           cause
           of
           Apprehension
           of
           War
           with
           any
           of
           its
           
             Foreign
             Neighbours
          
           ,
           and
           especially
           with
           France
           ;
           and
           that
           partly
           by
           reason
           or
           the
           Addition
           of
           Strength
           ,
           which
           this
           Conjunction
           of
           the
           two
           Nations
           would
           give
           against
           any
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           partly
           because
           the
           Alliance
           and
           Friendship
           between
           Scotland
           and
           France
           (
           which
           had
           often
           rendered
           the
           French
           the
           bolder
           to
           make
           War
           against
           England
           ,
           would
           by
           this
           Vnion
           be
           unavoidably
           dissolved
           .
           Nor
           is
           it
           needful
           that
           I
           should
           expatiate
           in
           representing
           ,
           how
           that
           when
           this
           Nation
           began
           to
           apply
           it self
           industriously
           and
           extensively
           to
           Trade
           ,
           all
           the
           Methods
           imaginable
           of
           Kindness
           unto
           ,
           and
           Care
           over
           Merchants
           and
           Navigation
           ,
           were
           made
           use
           of
           by
           the
           Government
           ,
           to
           encourage
           them
           and
           cultivate
           it
           :
           For
           as
           there
           was
           a
           
             Naval
             Strength
          
           always
           in
           readiness
           ,
           and
           (
           upon
           every
           Emergency
           and
           needful
           Occasion
           )
           imployed
           to
           protect
           it
           ,
           so
           the
           Impositions
           upon
           it
           were
           extreamly
           Moderate
           ,
           in
           comparison
           of
           what
           (
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Book
           of
           Rates
           ,
           and
           the
           several
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           which
           charge
           Navigation
           and
           Trade
           ,
           with
           so
           many
           Duties
           and
           Imposts
           )
           they
           are
           grown
           up
           into
           since
           :
           For
           all
           the
           Taxes
           then
           exacted
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           were
           rather
           little
           Recognitions
           of
           their
           Dependence
           upon
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           small
           acknowledgments
           of
           the
           Countenance
           and
           Defence
           which
           they
           received
           from
           the
           Government
           ,
           than
           any
           Burdens
           and
           grievous
           Incumbrances
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           might
           be
           discouraged
           ,
           and
           Traffick
           loaded
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           whole
           Carriage
           of
           those
           then
           in
           Authority
           towards
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           those
           embarked
           in
           it
           ,
           spake
           an
           indulgent
           Care
           towards
           it
           and
           them
           ,
           and
           such
           a
           tender
           regard
           of
           both
           ,
           as
           became
           the
           Infancy
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           the
           Difficulties
           which
           Beginners
           were
           to
           encounter
           with
           :
           and
           particularly
           as
           to
           the
           Society
           that
           was
           erected
           to
           Trade
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           there
           was
           all
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           Goodness
           exercised
           towards
           it
           that
           might
           be
           subservient
           
           to
           the
           promoting
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           upon
           its
           first
           Incorporation
           ,
           Anno
           1599.
           it
           had
           not
           only
           many
           Immunities
           granted
           unto
           it
           ,
           but
           was
           Incorporated
           into
           a
           Company
           with
           a
           Right
           and
           Authority
           vested
           in
           it
           ,
           of
           Trading
           to
           the
           Indies
           ,
           preclusive
           of
           all
           their
           Fellow-Subjects
           that
           were
           not
           of
           that
           Corporation
           .
           For
           tho
           it
           be
           inconsistent
           ,
           both
           with
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           the
           Justice
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           also
           with
           the
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           to
           erect
           all
           Traders
           into
           every
           Place
           ,
           into
           Companies
           ,
           exclusive
           of
           other
           
             English
             Natives
          
           and
           Freemen
           ,
           to
           Traffick
           thither
           ,
           where
           the
           Trade
           may
           be
           effectually
           and
           advantageously
           carried
           on
           by
           
             single
             Dealers
          
           ,
           or
           by
           voluntary
           Associations
           ,
           seeing
           such
           
             incorporated
             Societies
          
           would
           be
           so
           many
           Monopolies
           ,
           which
           are
           Nusances
           in
           a
           Countrey
           where
           the
           Ends
           of
           Commerce
           may
           be
           otherwise
           compassed
           and
           obtained
           ;
           yet
           it
           hath
           always
           been
           the
           Prudence
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           to
           devolve
           Trade
           unto
           such
           Places
           upon
           an
           Incorporated
           Company
           ,
           where
           it
           could
           neither
           be
           protected
           nor
           enlarged
           ,
           save
           by
           a
           Society
           trading
           and
           acting
           on
           a
           
             Joint
             Stock
          
           .
           And
           as
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           with
           respect
           to
           the
           Quality
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           where
           a
           Trade
           is
           to
           be
           managed
           ,
           must
           give
           rules
           for
           the
           Method
           ,
           and
           determine
           the
           way
           in
           which
           it
           is
           to
           be
           carried
           on
           :
           so
           in
           that
           case
           where
           it
           would
           be
           to
           the
           Loss
           and
           Prejudice
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           have
           a
           Trade
           laid
           open
           to
           whosoever
           will
           be
           dealing
           in
           it
           ,
           the
           Publick
           and
           National
           Benefit
           ought
           to
           be
           prefer'd
           to
           that
           of
           particular
           Persons
           .
           And
           as
           we
           do
           know
           how
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           was
           in
           a
           manner
           wholly
           lost
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           during
           the
           Vsurpation
           of
           the
           
             Rump
             Parliament
          
           ,
           and
           of
           
             Oliver
             Cromwell
          
           ,
           by
           their
           putting
           it
           out
           of
           the
           Channel
           in
           which
           it
           had
           been
           managed
           by
           an
           
             Incorporated
             Society
          
           ,
           and
           leaving
           to
           every
           one
           that
           pleased
           to
           venture
           upon
           it
           :
           So
           the
           Indulgence
           given
           of
           late
           Years
           to
           Interlopers
           ,
           has
           both
           had
           fatal
           Effects
           upon
           that
           Trade
           ,
           and
           has
           not
           much
           commended
           their
           care
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           who
           either
           allowed
           or
           connived
           at
           it
           .
           For
           as
           single
           Traders
           will
           be
           easily
           tempted
           at
           so
           great
           a
           Distance
           ,
           to
           commit
           Depredations
           upon
           the
           Natives
           of
           those
           Countries
           ,
           and
           thereby
           provoke
           them
           as
           well
           to
           make
           Reprizals
           upon
           us
           ,
           as
           to
           renounce
           all
           friendly
           and
           amicable
           Commerce
           with
           us
           ;
           so
           no
           Dealers
           save
           in
           the
           way
           of
           an
           
             Incorporated
             Company
          
           trading
           upon
           a
           Joint-Stock
           ,
           can
           erect
           and
           maintain
           Forts
           ,
           establish
           Factories
           ,
           and
           raise
           ,
           and
           
           pay
           that
           armed
           Force
           in
           the
           Places
           they
           have
           chosen
           for
           their
           Residence
           and
           the
           Seat
           of
           their
           Traffick
           ,
           as
           will
           either
           discourage
           those
           Nations
           that
           rival
           us
           in
           Trade
           from
           supplanting
           them
           ,
           or
           the
           Natives
           upon
           every
           imagined
           Offence
           from
           insulting
           them
           .
           To
           which
           I
           crave
           Liberty
           to
           add
           ,
           that
           every
           Nation
           or
           State
           in
           Europe
           ,
           which
           upon
           Motives
           of
           Interest
           have
           established
           a
           Society
           that
           might
           trade
           to
           the
           Indies
           ,
           have
           at
           the
           first
           Erection
           of
           such
           a
           Corporation
           ,
           granted
           vast
           Privileges
           unto
           it
           for
           its
           Encouragement
           ;
           of
           which
           the
           Dutch
           are
           a
           famous
           and
           instructive
           Example
           ,
           who
           tho
           they
           had
           acquired
           some
           beginnings
           of
           a
           Trade
           thither
           by
           the
           Industry
           of
           private
           and
           particular
           Dealers
           ,
           yet
           that
           wise
           People
           being
           sensible
           that
           it
           could
           neither
           be
           much
           enlarged
           ,
           nor
           long
           preserved
           in
           that
           Method
           of
           Trade
           ,
           they
           thereupon
           in
           the
           Year
           1602
           ,
           gave
           Establishment
           to
           a
           Company
           that
           might
           trade
           thither
           ,
           exclusive
           of
           all
           other
           of
           their
           own
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           for
           their
           Encouragement
           (
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           Necessities
           of
           the
           State
           at
           that
           time
           )
           excused
           them
           from
           all
           Taxes
           and
           Impositions
           upon
           that
           Trade
           ,
           for
           the
           space
           of
           21
           Years
           ,
           and
           only
           obliged
           them
           ,
           in
           way
           of
           an
           acknowledgment
           of
           their
           Dependence
           upon
           the
           
             States
             General
          
           ,
           to
           pay
           in
           the
           whole
           ,
           within
           the
           Compass
           of
           the
           first
           ten
           Years
           ,
           the
           Sum
           of
           
             Five
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             Florins
          
           ,
           which
           amounted
           to
           little
           more
           than
           2000
           
             l.
             Sterling
          
           ;
           and
           was
           rather
           a
           Recognition
           of
           whom
           they
           held
           their
           right
           of
           Trading
           thither
           ,
           than
           a
           Burden
           upon
           that
           Traffick
           .
           So
           that
           through
           the
           Privileges
           and
           Immunities
           which
           were
           granted
           into
           them
           then
           ,
           most
           whereof
           have
           been
           still
           continued
           to
           them
           since
           ,
           they
           are
           become
           the
           most
           opulent
           and
           powerful
           
             Trading
             Society
          
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           the
           chief
           Pillar
           of
           the
           Dutch
           State
           ;
           and
           tho
           they
           be
           but
           in
           the
           quality
           of
           Subjects
           at
           Home
           ,
           they
           are
           great
           Soveraigns
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           give
           Laws
           to
           many
           Easterr
           Princes
           ,
           but
           ingross
           from
           Europeans
           what
           parts
           of
           the
           
             Indian
             Traffick
          
           they
           please
           .
           And
           if
           such
           Encouragements
           have
           been
           thought
           needful
           towards
           the
           giving
           a
           beginning
           and
           an
           increase
           to
           an
           
             East-India
             Trade
          
           ,
           when
           there
           were
           none
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           very
           few
           of
           those
           Difficulties
           and
           Dangers
           to
           be
           conflicted
           with
           ,
           from
           Rival
           Nations
           ,
           that
           are
           now
           unavoidably
           to
           be
           encountered
           ;
           and
           if
           such
           Immunities
           were
           sit
           to
           be
           granted
           at
           a
           Season
           when
           the
           Trade
           was
           not
           forestalled
           ,
           preoccupied
           ,
           nor
           previously
           possessed
           to
           any
           considerable
           Degree
           
           by
           other
           Europeans
           ;
           it
           is
           easy
           to
           imagine
           how
           indispensibly
           necessary
           it
           is
           for
           those
           that
           would
           now
           begin
           a
           Trade
           thither
           ,
           to
           give
           all
           the
           Encouragements
           to
           it
           that
           are
           under
           the
           Power
           ,
           and
           within
           the
           Circle
           of
           a
           Government
           and
           Nation
           to
           grant
           .
           And
           experience
           in
           our
           Neighbouring
           Kingdoms
           may
           teach
           us
           ,
           how
           weak
           and
           ineffectual
           the
           Concession
           of
           the
           greatest
           Privileges
           is
           towards
           the
           establishing
           such
           a
           Trade
           to
           the
           Indies
           ,
           as
           may
           answer
           the
           Pains
           and
           Cost
           in
           endeavouring
           it
           ,
           and
           bringing
           it
           to
           turn
           to
           such
           an
           account
           ,
           as
           may
           bear
           proportion
           to
           the
           Expence
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           the
           Industry
           and
           Hazards
           of
           attempting
           it
           ,
           after
           so
           wealthy
           and
           potent
           Nations
           as
           England
           and
           Holland
           have
           gotten
           antecedent
           Possession
           ,
           and
           will
           endeavour
           to
           ingross
           that
           Trade
           to
           the
           Exclusion
           of
           all
           others
           :
           For
           not
           only
           all
           the
           large
           Privileges
           and
           Immunities
           granted
           by
           the
           King
           of
           Denmark
           and
           the
           Elector
           of
           Brandenburgh
           ,
           for
           the
           raising
           and
           promoting
           of
           an
           East-India
           Trade
           ,
           have
           proved
           insignificant
           in
           advancing
           the
           End
           and
           Design
           which
           they
           proposed
           ,
           at
           least
           ,
           not
           to
           such
           a
           Degree
           as
           may
           turn
           to
           their
           own
           Honour
           ,
           and
           the
           Profit
           of
           their
           respective
           Countries
           ;
           but
           even
           those
           vast
           Encouragements
           given
           by
           the
           great
           Monarch
           of
           France
           ,
           to
           raise
           the
           Genius
           and
           quicken
           the
           Industry
           of
           his
           People
           to
           the
           beginning
           and
           carrying
           on
           of
           an
           Indian
           Trade
           ,
           have
           proved
           little
           better
           than
           abortive
           :
           So
           that
           instead
           of
           blaming
           the
           Scots
           for
           what
           we
           esteem
           extravagant
           Concessions
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           their
           founding
           a
           Trade
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           all
           those
           Indulgences
           may
           be
           rather
           look'd
           upon
           as
           means
           much
           below
           ,
           and
           disproportioned
           to
           what
           they
           are
           aiming
           at
           :
           And
           they
           who
           will
           judg
           of
           things
           impartially
           ,
           will
           rather
           judg
           them
           to
           have
           been
           deficient
           than
           excessive
           in
           the
           Privileges
           they
           have
           granted
           ;
           for
           as
           some
           other
           besides
           those
           mentioned
           in
           the
           Act
           ,
           could
           not
           escape
           falling
           under
           their
           Thoughts
           and
           View
           ,
           so
           the
           granting
           them
           would
           have
           been
           Wise
           and
           Just
           in
           it self
           ,
           and
           congruous
           to
           the
           Undertaking
           which
           they
           would
           give
           Being
           unto
           .
           However
           ,
           as
           the
           offering
           and
           granting
           less
           would
           have
           left
           them
           under
           an
           imputation
           of
           Folly
           and
           Weakness
           ,
           in
           proposing
           to
           compass
           mighty
           Ends
           by
           feeble
           Means
           ;
           so
           they
           will
           be
           more
           fortunate
           than
           others
           have
           been
           ,
           if
           the
           Success
           upon
           those
           Encouragements
           do
           either
           answer
           the
           Wishes
           they
           have
           ,
           or
           the
           Hopes
           they
           entertain
           .
        
         
         
           AND
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           instead
           of
           its
           giving
           any
           just
           Occasion
           of
           Surprize
           ,
           that
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Scotland
           should
           endeavour
           at
           last
           to
           excite
           their
           People
           to
           a
           Share
           in
           Trade
           ,
           somewhat
           proportionable
           to
           what
           other
           Nations
           have
           attained
           unto
           ,
           it
           is
           rather
           matter
           of
           Astonishment
           and
           Wonder
           that
           their
           Nobility
           ,
           Gentry
           and
           Burgesses
           who
           constitute
           their
           Senate
           ,
           being
           generally
           Men
           of
           equal
           Wit
           with
           those
           of
           the
           like
           Qualities
           in
           neighbouring
           Countries
           ,
           and
           being
           also
           most
           of
           them
           so
           well
           acquainted
           with
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           to
           understand
           the
           Advantages
           which
           redound
           to
           Kingdoms
           by
           Traffick
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Figure
           which
           one
           Nation
           maketh
           above
           another
           ,
           proceedeth
           ,
           
             caeteris
             paribus
          
           ,
           from
           Wealth
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Result
           and
           Product
           of
           Trade
           ;
           they
           should
           have
           so
           long
           omitted
           the
           giving
           those
           Encouragements
           to
           it
           ,
           which
           they
           might
           ,
           and
           which
           other
           Nations
           have
           done
           .
           For
           tho
           the
           Biass
           of
           their
           People
           seems
           generally
           to
           lie
           another
           way
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           already
           said
           ;
           yet
           that
           is
           meerly
           the
           effect
           of
           Custom
           and
           not
           of
           Nature
           :
           and
           as
           it
           would
           not
           have
           been
           difficult
           at
           any
           time
           heretofore
           to
           have
           diverted
           and
           turned
           their
           Inclination
           and
           Humour
           from
           Souldiery
           to
           Commerce
           ;
           so
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           doubted
           ,
           but
           that
           upon
           their
           being
           once
           brought
           to
           apply
           unto
           it
           ,
           they
           would
           be
           found
           as
           ingenious
           and
           diligent
           in
           Trade
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           had
           the
           Character
           to
           be
           skilful
           and
           brave
           in
           War
           ;
           nor
           are
           they
           worse
           qualified
           by
           their
           Indian
           and
           African
           Traffick
           than
           their
           Neighbours
           are
           :
           but
           if
           any
           will
           in
           that
           pretend
           to
           an
           Advantage
           above
           another
           ,
           it
           indisputably
           falls
           to
           the
           Lot
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           in
           that
           they
           have
           neither
           long
           and
           dangerous
           Channels
           to
           pass
           ,
           before
           they
           arrive
           at
           their
           Ports
           from
           an
           Indian
           or
           African
           Voyage
           ;
           nor
           yet
           a
           tedious
           and
           perillous
           Course
           to
           run
           about
           the
           North
           of
           Ireland
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           may
           immediately
           out
           of
           the
           Ocean
           enter
           into
           safe
           and
           convenient
           Harbours
           .
           And
           then
           as
           for
           convenient
           Numbers
           of
           Men
           fit
           to
           be
           imployed
           in
           Navigation
           ,
           they
           are
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Populacy
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           answerable
           to
           the
           Dimensions
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           there
           are
           proportionably
           more
           of
           them
           of
           the
           inferiour
           Rank
           ,
           than
           are
           elsewhere
           ,
           as
           well
           furnished
           with
           Persons
           capable
           to
           be
           Mariners
           ,
           as
           any
           Country
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           those
           generally
           ,
           who
           through
           the
           Strength
           of
           their
           Constitution
           and
           the
           Hardiness
           and
           Frugality
           of
           their
           Education
           ,
           are
           not
           only
           as
           able
           as
           any
           to
           undergo
           long
           Voyages
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Incidents
           of
           Heat
           ,
           Cold
           ,
           
           and
           sometimes
           scarcity
           of
           Provisions
           for
           Subsistence
           ,
           that
           do
           attend
           them
           ;
           and
           who
           ,
           through
           an
           Obedience
           they
           are
           bred
           to
           from
           their
           Youth
           ,
           are
           not
           so
           liable
           to
           mutiny
           as
           some
           others
           may
           be
           ,
           but
           who
           can
           (
           equally
           with
           ,
           if
           not
           better
           than
           most
           )
           endure
           Foreign
           Climates
           ,
           and
           with
           less
           despondency
           of
           Mind
           ,
           and
           fee
           bleness
           of
           Body
           ,
           encounter
           those
           Diseases
           which
           Strangers
           are
           obnoxious
           unto
           ,
           upon
           their
           first
           Arrival
           in
           Africa
           and
           the
           East-Indies
           .
           So
           that
           considering
           all
           the
           natural
           Advantages
           which
           the
           Scots
           have
           to
           encourage
           their
           Application
           to
           Trade
           ,
           it
           would
           strangely
           reflect
           upon
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           the
           Parliament
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           greatly
           detract
           from
           the
           Love
           which
           they
           ought
           to
           bear
           to
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           Care
           as
           well
           as
           Zeal
           which
           they
           ought
           to
           express
           for
           the
           Honour
           and
           Prosperity
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           their
           having
           so
           long
           neglected
           to
           establish
           ,
           cultivate
           and
           promote
           Trade
           with
           a
           greater
           Vigour
           ,
           and
           more
           extensively
           than
           they
           have
           done
           ,
           were
           there
           not
           some
           Reasons
           (
           which
           tho
           they
           may
           already
           lie
           under
           the
           View
           of
           a
           Person
           of
           your
           Penetration
           ,
           I
           shall
           nevertheless
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           others
           represent
           them
           unto
           you
           )
           that
           may
           serve
           in
           some
           measure
           to
           excuse
           ,
           though
           possibly
           they
           may
           not
           wholly
           justify
           their
           Conduct
           in
           this
           matter
           .
           Whereof
           take
           this
           for
           the
           first
           ;
           namely
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           not
           long
           since
           the
           African
           and
           East-India
           Trades
           grew
           into
           that
           Reputation
           in
           Europe
           of
           Profitableness
           ,
           or
           came
           so
           to
           flourish
           through
           the
           Industry
           of
           these
           Northern
           Nations
           ,
           as
           to
           raise
           Emulation
           in
           their
           Neighbours
           of
           obtaining
           a
           Share
           in
           them
           :
           For
           as
           't
           is
           within
           less
           than
           thirty
           or
           forty
           Years
           ,
           that
           this
           part
           of
           the
           World
           grew
           so
           fond
           of
           many
           of
           the
           Productions
           of
           those
           Places
           ,
           or
           that
           trading
           Societies
           to
           them
           being
           established
           ,
           had
           outwrestled
           and
           conquered
           the
           Difficulties
           that
           attend
           Beginnings
           of
           that
           kind
           ,
           or
           had
           brought
           them
           to
           answer
           the
           Dangers
           and
           Expence
           ,
           which
           those
           Companies
           were
           forced
           to
           be
           at
           ,
           in
           laying
           the
           Foundations
           of
           their
           Traffick
           thither
           ,
           and
           in
           rendring
           it
           first
           safe
           there
           ,
           and
           then
           advancing
           it
           to
           be
           gainful
           and
           profitable
           here
           :
           So
           that
           it
           is
           no
           wonder
           if
           Scotland
           (
           that
           is
           a
           Kingdom
           inferiour
           to
           England
           in
           Power
           and
           Opulency
           )
           should
           suspend
           and
           delay
           Attempts
           of
           endeavouring
           to
           settle
           a
           Commerce
           thither
           ,
           until
           they
           should
           see
           what
           success
           would
           ensue
           upon
           the
           Care
           and
           Industry
           of
           those
           
             English
             Companies
          
           ,
           which
           were
           erected
           for
           the
           Cultivation
           and
           Management
           of
           those
           two
           respective
           Trades
           .
           Nor
           did
           the
           Conduct
           
           of
           Scotland
           in
           this
           matter
           differ
           much
           from
           the
           Behaviour
           of
           other
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           particularly
           of
           France
           ,
           with
           which
           Scotland
           pretends
           not
           to
           compare
           it self
           in
           largeness
           of
           Territories
           ,
           numbers
           of
           People
           ,
           or
           greatness
           of
           Treasure
           :
           And
           the
           adverse
           Fortune
           which
           the
           English
           long
           wrestled
           with
           ,
           with
           the
           Difficulties
           and
           Losses
           which
           they
           encountered
           to
           the
           weakning
           ,
           if
           not
           almost
           ruining
           of
           the
           Vndertakers
           ,
           before
           they
           could
           bring
           the
           Trade
           to
           India
           ,
           to
           be
           either
           profitable
           to
           themselves
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           or
           honourable
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           might
           well
           discourage
           the
           Scots
           from
           being
           forward
           in
           embarking
           in
           a
           Course
           of
           Traffick
           ,
           under
           the
           Discouragements
           and
           Arduousness
           whereof
           their
           richer
           and
           more
           powerful
           Neighbours
           were
           ready
           to
           succumb
           ;
           whereas
           having
           now
           seen
           ,
           that
           the
           establishing
           and
           carrying
           on
           of
           that
           Trade
           both
           with
           Credit
           and
           vast
           Profit
           ,
           is
           not
           only
           practicable
           ,
           but
           that
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Humour
           that
           is
           now
           grown
           predominant
           in
           Europe
           ,
           of
           preferring
           the
           Productions
           of
           those
           Countries
           to
           any
           of
           the
           Fruits
           of
           Nature
           ,
           or
           the
           Manufactures
           of
           Art
           ,
           which
           Nations
           nearer
           home
           do
           afford
           ,
           the
           Money
           of
           those
           States
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           immediately
           interested
           in
           that
           Trade
           ,
           is
           drawn
           away
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           comes
           into
           the
           Possession
           of
           those
           ,
           who
           deal
           in
           the
           Original
           importing
           of
           the
           Commodities
           of
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           first
           into
           their
           own
           Countries
           ,
           and
           then
           in
           vending
           them
           to
           other
           Nations
           :
           and
           the
           Scots
           being
           as
           ready
           to
           run
           into
           the
           Fashion
           of
           the
           World
           as
           other
           Nations
           about
           them
           are
           ,
           tho
           they
           cannot
           spare
           so
           much
           Money
           to
           be
           drawn
           out
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           as
           the
           gratifying
           their
           Vanity
           in
           Expences
           of
           that
           kind
           will
           require
           ;
           have
           therefore
           found
           it
           necessary
           to
           erect
           an
           East-India
           Company
           ,
           both
           for
           supplying
           themselves
           ,
           and
           thereby
           keeping
           their
           Money
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           export
           and
           vend
           abroad
           to
           others
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           to
           draw
           Bullion
           and
           Cash
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           from
           those
           Countries
           ,
           where
           their
           Indian
           Goods
           come
           to
           be
           disposed
           .
           And
           they
           have
           the
           more
           reason
           to
           to
           fall
           upon
           all
           the
           Methods
           ,
           and
           to
           use
           all
           the
           Ways
           they
           can
           to
           increase
           their
           Coin
           ,
           seeing
           neither
           Nations
           for
           Persons
           are
           now
           valued
           ,
           as
           antiently
           they
           were
           ,
           by
           their
           
             Ingeny
             ,
             Fortitude
          
           and
           moral
           Worth
           ,
           but
           according
           to
           their
           Wealth
           ,
           and
           the
           Proportion
           of
           Silver
           that
           they
           weigh
           at
           ,
           in
           the
           Scale
           of
           Quantity
           ;
           the
           Scarcity
           whereof
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           through
           want
           of
           Trade
           (
           which
           in
           the
           Source
           and
           Fountain
           of
           its
           being
           any
           where
           plentiful
           )
           has
           
           given
           occasion
           to
           some
           of
           their
           opulent
           Neighbours
           (
           whom
           Wealth
           hath
           made
           haughty
           and
           disdainful
           )
           to
           fasten
           upon
           them
           the
           Character
           of
           beggarly
           Scots
           ;
           and
           the
           which
           ,
           as
           it
           appears
           by
           their
           neglect
           of
           Trade
           ,
           they
           have
           hitherto
           born
           with
           a
           Tameness
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           not
           ashamed
           of
           the
           Reproach
           .
           And
           truly
           were
           the
           Estimate
           of
           Kingdoms
           and
           Persons
           made
           now
           ,
           as
           formerly
           it
           was
           wont
           to
           be
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           really
           ought
           ,
           Poverty
           (
           where
           it
           is
           compensated
           by
           true
           intrinsick
           Moral
           and
           Intellectual
           Worth
           )
           is
           not
           such
           an
           Ignominy
           as
           it
           is
           meant
           ,
           both
           by
           those
           that
           charge
           it
           upon
           others
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           is
           commonly
           taken
           by
           them
           ,
           upon
           whom
           it
           is
           fastned
           ;
           seeing
           as
           there
           may
           be
           sound
           Kingdoms
           that
           are
           poor
           and
           indigent
           in
           Coin
           ,
           which
           nevertheless
           are
           
             valorous
             ,
             noble
          
           and
           generous
           ;
           and
           Nations
           (
           on
           the
           contrary
           )
           vastly
           rich
           ,
           who
           can
           never
           emerge
           from
           being
           Rustick
           and
           Boorish
           ;
           so
           there
           is
           nothing
           more
           apparent
           ,
           tho
           less
           acknowledged
           ,
           than
           that
           some
           Persons
           with
           a
           very
           light
           Purse
           may
           be
           
             genteel
             ,
             meritorious
          
           and
           honourable
           ,
           while
           others
           of
           twenty
           and
           
             forty
             thousand
             Pound
          
           Capital
           ,
           do
           deserve
           to
           be
           as
           much
           reckoned
           in
           the
           Number
           of
           the
           Mob
           ,
           as
           they
           who
           sell
           Brooms
           ,
           or
           cry
           
             Small
             Coal
          
           .
           But
           then
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           allow
           me
           to
           add
           in
           the
           second
           place
           ,
           that
           the
           Scots
           were
           for
           many
           Years
           ,
           after
           the
           English
           and
           they
           came
           under
           
             One
             Soveraign
          
           ,
           treated
           with
           that
           Equality
           and
           Indulgence
           ,
           with
           reference
           to
           the
           
             mutual
             Traffick
          
           of
           the
           Kingdoms
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           with
           that
           Respect
           and
           Fairness
           ,
           that
           the
           Scots
           had
           not
           that
           Cause
           and
           Occasion
           administred
           unto
           them
           ,
           of
           establishing
           and
           pursuing
           Trade
           upon
           a
           separate
           and
           distinct
           Bottom
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           had
           for
           these
           several
           late
           Years
           ,
           and
           still
           have
           ;
           in
           that
           upon
           the
           two
           Nations
           first
           coming
           to
           be
           the
           Subjects
           of
           one
           and
           the
           same
           King
           ,
           besides
           the
           Prospect
           which
           the
           Scots
           had
           ,
           and
           the
           Hopes
           that
           were
           given
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           
             two
             Kingdoms
          
           should
           be
           so
           cemented
           and
           united
           ,
           as
           to
           become
           equally
           interested
           and
           vested
           in
           the
           same
           civil
           and
           political
           Liberties
           ,
           Rights
           and
           Privileges
           ,
           they
           had
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           immediately
           granted
           unto
           them
           (
           by
           the
           Concession
           and
           Adjustment
           of
           the
           Commissioners
           of
           both
           Nations
           ,
           who
           soon
           after
           King
           James
           the
           First
           had
           attained
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           were
           called
           and
           authorized
           to
           meet
           and
           sit
           about
           the
           debating
           and
           perfecting
           a
           compleat
           Vnion
           between
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           )
           that
           the
           Scots
           should
           be
           under
           
             no
             Restrictions
          
           in
           matter
           of
           Trade
           more
           than
           the
           English
           were
           ,
           save
           that
           they
           
           were
           to
           stand
           prohibited
           from
           the
           Exportation
           of
           Wool
           ,
           and
           a
           few
           other
           English
           Productions
           .
           And
           as
           this
           Privilege
           was
           not
           envied
           ,
           or
           denied
           them
           by
           the
           English
           for
           many
           Years
           :
           So
           the
           Scots
           had
           no
           reason
           all
           that
           while
           of
           complaining
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           unkindly
           or
           unequally
           dealth
           with
           ,
           or
           of
           falling
           under
           the
           Temptations
           of
           erecting
           Trading
           Societies
           ,
           with
           larger
           Immunities
           than
           were
           granted
           in
           England
           .
           But
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           they
           lay
           under
           all
           the
           friendly
           Obligations
           imaginable
           of
           acquiescing
           in
           that
           Share
           and
           Proportion
           of
           Traffick
           ,
           that
           was
           so
           chearfully
           allowed
           them
           .
           Nor
           was
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           American
           Plantations
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           to
           Africk
           ,
           (
           which
           have
           since
           proved
           the
           Occasion
           of
           the
           English
           entering
           upon
           other
           Measures
           of
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           of
           laying
           those
           Restraints
           and
           Inhibitions
           upon
           the
           Scots
           in
           the
           Matter
           of
           Trade
           ,
           that
           were
           not
           formerly
           dreamed
           of
           )
           arrived
           at
           that
           Maturity
           and
           Perfection
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           the
           Mine
           of
           Wealth
           for
           the
           enriching
           those
           that
           were
           licensed
           to
           pursue
           it
           ;
           and
           by
           Consequence
           it
           would
           create
           no
           great
           Emulations
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           Envy
           or
           Discord
           between
           the
           Kingdoms
           about
           being
           interested
           in
           it
           .
           And
           as
           there
           was
           not
           any
           considerable
           Alterations
           made
           ,
           from
           what
           I
           have
           mentioned
           ,
           through
           the
           Conduct
           of
           the
           English
           towards
           the
           Scots
           in
           the
           Business
           of
           Trade
           ,
           during
           the
           Reigns
           of
           James
           I.
           and
           Charles
           I.
           So
           every
           one
           knows
           that
           these
           Privileges
           ,
           during
           the
           Administration
           of
           the
           Parliament
           1641
           ,
           and
           of
           Oliver
           Cromwell's
           Usurpation
           ,
           were
           rather
           enlarged
           towards
           the
           Scots
           Nation
           ,
           than
           any
           ways
           diminished
           and
           abridged
           .
           So
           that
           except
           the
           Diversion
           given
           to
           the
           Scots
           from
           following
           Trade
           with
           Application
           ,
           which
           the
           War
           begot
           ,
           that
           Scotland
           was
           for
           several
           Years
           engaged
           in
           ,
           sometimes
           for
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           against
           England
           ,
           they
           had
           no
           Cause
           given
           them
           of
           Offence
           or
           Complaint
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           those
           Preclusions
           ,
           Restrictions
           and
           Hardships
           which
           have
           been
           put
           upon
           them
           in
           Matter
           of
           Trade
           since
           the
           Restauration
           1660.
           
           And
           I
           am
           sorry
           to
           say
           it
           ,
           considering
           that
           they
           had
           both
           suffered
           so
           much
           for
           King
           Charles
           ,
           and
           cooperated
           with
           General
           Monk
           ,
           to
           the
           Degree
           they
           did
           ,
           towards
           his
           Reestablishment
           upon
           his
           Thrones
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           soon
           after
           not
           only
           put
           out
           and
           debarred
           from
           all
           the
           Privileges
           in
           Traffick
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           formerly
           enjoyed
           ;
           but
           were
           in
           all
           Particulars
           ,
           that
           respect
           Trade
           ,
           put
           into
           the
           perfect
           State
           and
           Condition
           of
           Aliens
           ;
           tho
           
           the
           doing
           so
           ,
           was
           directly
           repugnant
           to
           all
           the
           Laws
           and
           judged
           Cases
           ,
           relative
           to
           the
           Postnati
           .
           For
           by
           several
           Acts
           of
           the
           Parliaments
           of
           England
           immediately
           ,
           or
           soon
           after
           the
           Restauration
           ,
           particularly
           by
           that
           12
           Car.
           2.
           stiled
           .
           
             An
             Act
             for
             the
             encouraging
             and
             increasing
             Shipping
             and
             Navigation
          
           ;
           and
           by
           another
           ,
           15
           Car.
           2.
           called
           ,
           
             An
             Act
             for
             the
             Encouragement
             of
             Trade
          
           ;
           the
           Scots
           are
           not
           only
           treated
           distinguishingly
           worse
           than
           any
           other
           of
           the
           Subjects
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           but
           they
           are
           placed
           in
           the
           same
           Circumstances
           as
           to
           Traffick
           ,
           with
           French
           and
           Hollanders
           ;
           which
           as
           the
           Scots
           think
           ,
           could
           be
           designed
           for
           no
           other
           End
           ,
           than
           the
           putting
           them
           into
           a
           worse
           Condition
           ,
           than
           that
           both
           of
           a
           Province
           ,
           and
           a
           Conquered
           People
           ,
           which
           Ireland
           is
           ;
           to
           which
           they
           grant
           the
           Privileges
           which
           they
           refuse
           to
           Scotland
           .
           You
           will
           not
           thereupon
           be
           amazed
           ,
           or
           think
           it
           strange
           ,
           if
           the
           Scots
           have
           been
           endeavouring
           all
           along
           since
           ,
           to
           vindicate
           themselves
           from
           that
           Dishonour
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           relieve
           themselves
           from
           that
           Loss
           and
           Damage
           ,
           by
           settling
           their
           Nation
           on
           a
           Basis
           and
           Foot
           of
           Trade
           ,
           that
           may
           not
           leave
           them
           obnoxious
           to
           be
           so
           easily
           contemned
           as
           they
           have
           been
           ,
           nor
           continue
           them
           exposed
           to
           those
           Dependences
           upon
           the
           Grace
           and
           Favour
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           which
           are
           meerly
           precarious
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           withdrawn
           and
           denied
           when
           they
           please
           .
        
         
           Which
           leads
           me
           to
           the
           third
           Thing
           which
           I
           am
           to
           lay
           before
           you
           ,
           on
           the
           Head
           that
           I
           am
           upon
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Neglect
           which
           the
           Scots
           seem
           guilty
           of
           ,
           in
           their
           failing
           to
           countenance
           and
           advance
           Trade
           ;
           namely
           ,
           that
           the
           Act
           of
           the
           late
           Session
           of
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           for
           the
           Erecting
           an
           East-India
           and
           African
           Company
           ,
           is
           not
           the
           first
           ,
           since
           the
           Year
           1660
           ,
           (
           in
           which
           the
           Foundation
           of
           their
           being
           disabled
           and
           crippled
           in
           Traffick
           was
           laid
           )
           that
           they
           have
           passed
           and
           enacted
           with
           large
           Immunities
           ,
           for
           the
           settling
           ,
           encouraging
           and
           promoting
           Trade
           in
           their
           Country
           .
           For
           besides
           the
           
             Act
             for
             encouraging
             a
             Foreign
             Trade
             ,
          
           made
           by
           the
           present
           Parliament
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           Anno
           1693
           ,
           (
           wherein
           there
           are
           divers
           Concessions
           for
           the
           raising
           and
           quickning
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           an
           Outlandish
           Traffick
           )
           and
           which
           was
           only
           designed
           to
           be
           preparatory
           and
           introductive
           to
           this
           latter
           Act
           ,
           and
           to
           pave
           the
           way
           for
           it
           ,
           there
           were
           divers
           other
           Acts
           ,
           granting
           great
           Liberties
           and
           Immunities
           ,
           enacted
           in
           the
           first
           Parliament
           of
           Charles
           II.
           immediately
           after
           the
           many
           severe
           Preclusions
           
           and
           Restrictions
           laid
           upon
           the
           Scots
           by
           the
           Parliament
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           debarring
           them
           from
           all
           share
           in
           the
           Trade
           ,
           which
           the
           English
           drive
           either
           with
           Foreigners
           ,
           or
           with
           the
           American
           Plantations
           .
           Among
           which
           other
           Acts
           and
           Statutes
           of
           the
           Scots
           Nation
           subservient
           hereunto
           ,
           that
           Act
           is
           in
           a
           special
           manner
           worthy
           of
           Remark
           ,
           which
           they
           past
           in
           the
           Year
           1661
           ,
           for
           
             Fishings
             ,
             and
             for
             promoting
             of
             the
             same
          
           ;
           in
           which
           ,
           as
           the
           Privileges
           and
           Immunities
           vouchsafed
           by
           it
           ,
           are
           both
           many
           and
           very
           considerable
           ;
           so
           they
           were
           all
           granted
           and
           ordained
           to
           continue
           for
           ever
           :
           Whereas
           the
           Concessions
           of
           the
           late
           Act
           ,
           which
           do
           make
           so
           much
           noise
           in
           World
           ,
           are
           confined
           to
           a
           certain
           Term
           of
           Years
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           being
           limited
           to
           Tin
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           the
           longest
           Duration
           circumscribed
           to
           One
           and
           Twenty
           .
           And
           the
           Reasons
           why
           that
           Act
           produced
           not
           better
           Effects
           ,
           nor
           more
           signally
           answered
           the
           End
           it
           was
           designed
           for
           ,
           are
           so
           obvious
           ,
           that
           they
           need
           not
           be
           insisted
           upon
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           be
           hinted
           at
           ,
           namely
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Act
           was
           not
           so
           much
           designed
           to
           be
           put
           in
           execution
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           projected
           to
           try
           what
           could
           be
           procured
           in
           behalf
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           from
           the
           Grace
           and
           Favour
           of
           our
           Princes
           ,
           and
           thereby
           to
           gain
           a
           Precedent
           of
           their
           Mercy
           and
           Justice
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           something
           that
           might
           be
           more
           conducible
           in
           Point
           of
           Trade
           ,
           to
           the
           Honour
           and
           Interest
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           To
           which
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           enacted
           rather
           to
           alarm
           England
           ,
           and
           to
           reduce
           the
           English
           from
           the
           unkind
           and
           severe
           Methods
           they
           were
           upon
           towards
           Scotland
           ,
           than
           that
           any
           firm
           Resolutions
           were
           taken
           by
           the
           Scots
           for
           the
           pursuing
           of
           it
           .
           I
           may
           likewise
           subjoin
           ,
           That
           a
           main
           Reason
           of
           its
           failing
           in
           the
           Execution
           ,
           was
           the
           Scarcity
           of
           Money
           then
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           to
           support
           and
           promote
           it
           ,
           to
           the
           Degree
           that
           was
           necessary
           against
           our
           Holland
           Rivals
           ;
           and
           the
           not
           inviting
           Foreigners
           to
           have
           a
           Portion
           in
           the
           Profit
           ,
           upon
           their
           bearing
           a
           Share
           in
           the
           Expence
           .
           Nor
           in
           the
           4
           th
           place
           is
           it
           improbable
           but
           that
           our
           Opulent
           Neighbours
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           who
           do
           in
           a
           manner
           wholly
           subsist
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           gain
           so
           much
           by
           fishing
           on
           our
           Seas
           ,
           might
           bribe
           some
           one
           or
           more
           great
           Men
           ,
           imploy'd
           in
           the
           Head
           of
           that
           Concern
           ,
           secretly
           to
           supplant
           ,
           and
           clandestinely
           to
           overthrow
           it
           .
           And
           to
           conclude
           this
           Paragraph
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           farther
           added
           ,
           That
           as
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           Nation
           was
           not
           so
           much
           excited
           towards
           Trade
           then
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           :
           So
           the
           Business
           of
           Fishery
           was
           not
           a
           
           Game
           ,
           that
           a
           People
           otherwise
           habituated
           ,
           could
           be
           gained
           so
           easily
           to
           sly
           at
           ,
           nor
           a
           Quarry
           they
           would
           be
           prevailed
           upon
           so
           industriously
           to
           dig
           in
           ,
           as
           a
           Trade
           to
           the
           Indies
           and
           Africa
           is
           ;
           the
           prosecution
           whereof
           will
           both
           bring
           more
           Reputation
           and
           Gain
           ,
           than
           the
           catching
           of
           Herring
           and
           Cod
           could
           be
           supposed
           ,
           either
           by
           Undertakers
           ,
           Merchants
           ,
           or
           Mariners
           to
           do
           .
        
         
           But
           suffer
           me
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           to
           add
           ,
           That
           upon
           the
           unequal
           Terms
           which
           England
           and
           Scotland
           stand
           together
           ,
           in
           matter
           of
           Traffick
           ,
           it
           were
           better
           for
           Scotland
           that
           the
           two
           Nations
           should
           be
           under
           distinct
           Kings
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           distinct
           Kingdoms
           ,
           than
           that
           under
           one
           and
           
             the
             same
          
           Soveraign
           their
           Interests
           in
           point
           of
           Commerce
           ,
           should
           be
           made
           so
           inconsistent
           with
           ,
           and
           repugnant
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           as
           the
           English
           will
           have
           them
           to
           be
           .
           For
           were
           Scotland
           a
           Nation
           subdued
           by
           the
           People
           of
           England
           ,
           it
           were
           neither
           prudent
           nor
           safe
           for
           them
           ,
           to
           treat
           the
           Scots
           with
           the
           Rigour
           and
           Severity
           which
           they
           do
           ,
           by
           excluding
           them
           from
           all
           other
           Share
           in
           the
           Commerce
           of
           England
           ,
           or
           with
           it
           ,
           save
           what
           they
           do
           in
           a
           manner
           allow
           to
           all
           sorts
           of
           Aliens
           and
           Foreigners
           .
           Nor
           is
           it
           unworthy
           of
           Remark
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           of
           old
           carried
           for
           the
           most
           part
           better
           ,
           and
           behaved
           themselves
           both
           more
           generously
           and
           gently
           to
           those
           States
           and
           Nations
           which
           they
           conquered
           ,
           than
           the
           English
           are
           willing
           to
           do
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           which
           besides
           its
           being
           under
           the
           same
           King
           as
           they
           are
           ,
           is
           as
           free
           a
           Nation
           as
           England
           it self
           ,
           and
           altogether
           independent
           upon
           it
           .
           For
           whensoever
           the
           Romans
           subdued
           any
           People
           ,
           unless
           they
           were
           such
           as
           had
           often
           revolted
           from
           ,
           and
           rebelled
           against
           them
           ,
           they
           not
           only
           left
           them
           in
           the
           enjoiment
           of
           all
           the
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           which
           they
           had
           possessed
           before
           ,
           but
           they
           both
           commonly
           enlarged
           ,
           and
           increased
           them
           ;
           and
           many
           times
           admitted
           those
           they
           had
           subdued
           ,
           to
           a
           Share
           and
           Participation
           of
           all
           the
           Privileges
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Roman
           Republick
           .
           And
           the
           more
           tenacious
           they
           found
           any
           People
           to
           be
           of
           their
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           the
           greater
           Estimate
           they
           observed
           them
           to
           set
           upon
           it
           ,
           the
           more
           Favour
           and
           Honour
           they
           judged
           that
           People
           worthy
           of
           .
           Whereof
           tho
           it
           were
           very
           easy
           to
           give
           a
           multitude
           of
           Examples
           ,
           yet
           for
           brevity's
           sake
           ,
           I
           shall
           assign
           only
           but
           one
           Instance
           ,
           which
           is
           that
           of
           their
           dealing
           with
           the
           Privernates
           ,
           whom
           having
           upon
           a
           Revolt
           again
           subdued
           ,
           and
           having
           brought
           some
           of
           them
           into
           the
           Senate-House
           ,
           to
           receive
           
           and
           hear
           their
           Destiny
           ;
           they
           asked
           of
           them
           in
           what
           manner
           they
           would
           keep
           Peace
           with
           the
           Romans
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           in
           Case
           they
           should
           forgive
           them
           ?
           And
           being
           (
           as
           Livy
           tells
           us
           )
           answered
           ,
           
             Si
             bonam
             dederitis
             ,
             fidam
             &
             perpetuam
             ;
             si
             malam
             ,
             haud
             diuturnam
             :
          
           That
           ,
           
             If
             the
             Terms
             were
             good
             ,
             they
             would
             perpetually
             observe
             it
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             should
             be
             bad
             ,
             they
             would
             in
             that
             case
             keep
             it
             no
             longer
             than
             they
             should
             find
             themselves
             in
             a
             Condition
             with
             security
             to
             break
             it
             .
          
           With
           which
           Reply
           ,
           some
           of
           the
           wisest
           of
           the
           
             Roman
             Senators
          
           were
           so
           ravished
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           pleased
           ,
           That
           they
           cried
           out
           ,
           
             Viri
             ,
             &
             liberi
             ,
             vocem
             auditam
             esse
             ;
             nec
             ullum
             populum
             ,
             aut
             hominem
             in
             ea
             conditione
             ,
             cujus
             eum
             paeniteat
             ,
             diutius
             quam
             necesse
             sit
             ,
             mansurum
             .
          
           That
           
             they
             had
             heard
             the
             Language
             of
             a
             brave
             People
             ,
             and
             just
             Valuers
             of
             Freedom
             ;
             adding
             ,
             that
             no
             Nation
             ,
             or
             particular
             Person
             would
             be
             willing
             to
             remain
             longer
             in
             any
             State
             or
             Condition
             that
             was
             disgustful
             to
             them
             ,
             than
             until
             they
             were
             able
             to
             rescue
             and
             deliver
             themselves
             .
          
           And
           if
           this
           was
           the
           Opinion
           of
           the
           wise
           Romans
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           a
           People
           whom
           they
           had
           subdued
           ;
           can
           any
           that
           are
           Masters
           of
           common
           Sense
           imagine
           ,
           and
           believe
           that
           a
           
             free
             ,
             unconquered
          
           ,
           and
           independent
           People
           will
           be
           contented
           to
           be
           depressed
           by
           a
           neighbouring
           Nation
           ,
           without
           seeking
           to
           relieve
           themselves
           in
           all
           the
           just
           and
           lawful
           Methods
           that
           lie
           within
           their
           Circle
           ?
           To
           which
           I
           might
           add
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           many
           and
           fatal
           Examples
           of
           the
           Discords
           that
           have
           arisen
           between
           Nations
           under
           the
           same
           Monarch
           ,
           when
           the
           one
           of
           them
           has
           endeavoured
           to
           ingross
           and
           monopolize
           either
           the
           foreign
           ,
           or
           the
           
             home
             Trade
          
           of
           that
           Soveraign's
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           to
           preclude
           the
           rest
           from
           having
           a
           due
           and
           equal
           Share
           in
           it
           ;
           witness
           the
           Revolt
           of
           Portugal
           from
           the
           Crown
           of
           Spain
           ,
           because
           the
           Castilians
           debarred
           them
           from
           all
           Share
           in
           their
           Trade
           to
           the
           West-Indies
           .
           For
           that
           was
           the
           principal
           Reason
           (
           tho
           there
           were
           likewise
           some
           others
           of
           a
           different
           kind
           )
           why
           the
           Portuguise
           struck
           off
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           set
           up
           the
           Duke
           of
           Braganza
           to
           be
           their
           King.
           Nay
           ,
           I
           might
           also
           subjoin
           how
           that
           it
           hath
           often
           come
           to
           pass
           ,
           that
           through
           a
           Nation
           's
           precluding
           even
           foreign
           States
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           from
           a
           Share
           in
           Traffick
           to
           its
           own
           
             peculiar
             Plantations
          
           ,
           there
           hath
           been
           formed
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           an
           universal
           Conspiracy
           of
           all
           those
           Nations
           ,
           that
           have
           been
           thus
           shut
           out
           and
           debarred
           ,
           either
           for
           the
           wresting
           of
           that
           Trade
           from
           it
           ,
           or
           for
           making
           it
           
           unprofitable
           and
           useless
           to
           it
           .
           The
           first
           whereof
           is
           verified
           in
           the
           Portuguise
           ,
           who
           are
           in
           a
           manner
           wholly
           beaten
           out
           of
           their
           vast
           East-India
           Trade
           ,
           through
           the
           Provocation
           they
           gave
           to
           other
           Nations
           by
           their
           striving
           to
           ingross
           it
           .
           And
           as
           to
           the
           latter
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           are
           now
           sunk
           under
           the
           Experience
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           their
           Traffick
           to
           their
           own
           West-Indies
           ;
           whose
           Trade
           thither
           ,
           instead
           of
           continuing
           to
           be
           beneficial
           to
           them
           ,
           is
           turned
           and
           improved
           to
           their
           Prejudice
           ,
           by
           those
           whom
           they
           excluded
           from
           all
           Participation
           in
           it
           .
           How
           much
           less
           then
           will
           free
           and
           independent
           Nations
           patiently
           endure
           ,
           that
           one
           or
           two
           Kingdoms
           or
           States
           should
           monopolize
           to
           themselves
           all
           the
           Trade
           to
           
             Africa
             ,
             India
          
           and
           America
           ;
           as
           likewise
           in
           effect
           to
           several
           Places
           of
           Europe
           ?
           Yea
           should
           the
           Scots
           tamely
           acquiesce
           in
           this
           ,
           all
           they
           would
           gain
           by
           their
           being
           under
           one
           and
           the
           same
           Monarch
           with
           the
           English
           ,
           would
           be
           to
           become
           involved
           in
           all
           the
           foreign
           Wars
           and
           Troubles
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           English
           may
           be
           at
           any
           time
           ingaged
           ;
           but
           to
           have
           little
           or
           no
           Share
           in
           the
           Blessings
           and
           Benefits
           of
           its
           Prosperity
           and
           Peace
           .
           And
           seeing
           most
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           Scotland
           lieth
           with
           neighbouring
           Nations
           ,
           and
           especially
           those
           which
           England
           hath
           oftnest
           Provocation
           to
           quarrel
           with
           ;
           and
           the
           Scots
           driving
           very
           little
           Traffick
           with
           Countries
           far
           remote
           ;
           it
           consequently
           follows
           that
           upon
           the
           Commencement
           of
           a
           War
           with
           those
           adjacent
           States
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           the
           Scots
           do
           become
           in
           a
           manner
           ,
           shut
           out
           from
           ,
           and
           deprived
           of
           all
           foreign
           Trade
           ;
           while
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           English
           do
           continue
           to
           carry
           on
           a
           vast
           and
           Beneficial
           Trade
           to
           
             Turky
             ,
             Africk
          
           and
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           and
           from
           their
           own
           
             American
             Plantations
          
           .
           Of
           which
           ,
           as
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           has
           had
           oftner
           than
           once
           the
           woful
           Experience
           ,
           upon
           any
           Rupture
           that
           hath
           hapned
           between
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           and
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           with
           whom
           ,
           as
           most
           of
           the
           
             Scots
             Trade
          
           lieth
           ,
           both
           as
           to
           the
           Exportation
           of
           their
           Superfluities
           ,
           and
           the
           Importation
           of
           what
           they
           want
           and
           need
           ;
           so
           the
           most
           of
           their
           Traffick
           hath
           in
           those
           Cases
           ,
           been
           wholly
           interrupted
           and
           in
           a
           manner
           entirely
           ceased
           ;
           while
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           English
           have
           kept
           up
           a
           large
           and
           
             beneficial
             Trade
          
           to
           other
           places
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Scots
           are
           by
           several
           
             English
             Acts
          
           of
           Parliament
           debarred
           and
           precluded
           from
           all
           dealing
           .
           Yea
           the
           present
           War
           with
           France
           doth
           ,
           
             caeteris
             paribus
          
           ,
           more
           affect
           Scotland
           ,
           in
           point
           of
           Traffick
           ,
           than
           it
           doth
           England
           ;
           because
           as
           those
           Productions
           
           and
           Commodities
           which
           the
           Scots
           used
           to
           export
           thither
           ,
           must
           necessarily
           lie
           upon
           their
           hands
           ,
           through
           their
           having
           no
           other
           Place
           ,
           to
           which
           to
           carry
           them
           ;
           so
           they
           must
           be
           contented
           to
           want
           those
           French
           Goods
           which
           they
           were
           accustomed
           to
           bring
           home
           in
           Lieu
           and
           Exchange
           of
           their
           own
           ;
           while
           in
           the
           interim
           the
           English
           make
           a
           shift
           both
           to
           vend
           their
           Productions
           elsewhere
           ,
           and
           to
           supply
           themselves
           in
           other
           Places
           ,
           with
           what
           may
           answer
           those
           Commodities
           they
           used
           to
           import
           from
           France
           .
           To
           which
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           that
           if
           Scotland
           remain
           not
           only
           under
           those
           Exclusions
           ,
           Limitations
           and
           Restrictions
           in
           matter
           of
           Trade
           ,
           to
           which
           it
           is
           stak'd
           down
           and
           consined
           by
           the
           Acts
           of
           the
           Parliament
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           
             the
             encouraging
             and
             encreasing
             of
             Shipping
             and
             Navigation
             ,
          
           and
           for
           
             the
             Encouragement
             of
             Trade
          
           ,
           and
           against
           
             the
             Importation
             of
             foreign
             Cattel
          
           ;
           but
           be
           withal
           discouraged
           ,
           envied
           ,
           depressed
           and
           counteracted
           ,
           when
           (
           to
           prevent
           the
           Violation
           of
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           respect
           to
           those
           
             English
             Acts
          
           )
           they
           apply
           themselves
           to
           a
           new
           Method
           and
           Course
           of
           Traffick
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           to
           settle
           themselves
           on
           another
           Basis
           and
           Bottom
           of
           Trade
           than
           they
           were
           formerly
           accustomed
           to
           :
           I
           say
           (
           if
           these
           be
           the
           Circumstances
           they
           must
           abide
           under
           )
           the
           Scots
           instead
           of
           being
           Gainers
           ,
           are
           great
           Losers
           by
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           coming
           to
           be
           united
           under
           one
           Soveraign
           .
           In
           reference
           whereunto
           ,
           tho
           I
           could
           assign
           several
           Particulars
           ,
           wherein
           they
           are
           thereby
           come
           to
           be
           endamaged
           ;
           yet
           I
           shall
           only
           give
           an
           Instance
           in
           one
           ;
           namely
           ,
           that
           by
           their
           Incorporation
           with
           England
           under
           one
           and
           the
           same
           King
           ,
           their
           antient
           ,
           long
           and
           firm
           Alliance
           with
           France
           is
           entirely
           dissolved
           ,
           issued
           and
           come
           to
           a
           final
           Period
           :
           Which
           as
           it
           had
           been
           many
           times
           of
           singular
           advantage
           both
           to
           France
           and
           Scotland
           ;
           so
           it
           was
           of
           great
           Profit
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Honour
           to
           the
           Scots
           ,
           through
           the
           many
           signal
           Privileges
           arising
           from
           that
           Confederacy
           ,
           which
           the
           Scots
           ,
           in
           Contradistinction
           from
           all
           other
           Nations
           ,
           peculiarly
           enjoy'd
           ,
           but
           are
           now
           totally
           lost
           to
           them
           .
           Upon
           which
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           it
           were
           not
           difficult
           to
           make
           those
           just
           and
           natural
           Reflections
           ,
           which
           would
           shew
           that
           the
           present
           Conduct
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           towards
           Scotland
           ,
           is
           not
           (
           if
           we
           will
           take
           the
           Opinion
           of
           the
           Scots
           )
           so
           temperate
           ,
           prudent
           and
           discreet
           ,
           as
           might
           be
           expected
           from
           a
           People
           that
           are
           so
           grateful
           ,
           generous
           and
           wise
           ,
           as
           the
           English
           have
           been
           always
           charactered
           to
           be
           .
           But
           to
           prevent
           giving
           Offence
           ,
           I
           shall
           supersede
           and
           wave
           them
           all
           ,
           and
           satisfy
           my self
           ,
           
           in
           that
           I
           have
           by
           the
           bare
           mention
           of
           the
           last
           Particular
           ,
           started
           Matter
           worthy
           of
           the
           maturest
           Thoughts
           of
           those
           of
           the
           greatest
           Penetration
           ,
           either
           in
           our
           Senate
           or
           out
           of
           it
           .
           And
           therefore
           I
           shall
           only
           ,
           on
           this
           Topick
           of
           Discourse
           ,
           further
           subjoin
           ,
           that
           upon
           the
           Terms
           on
           which
           the
           Scots
           stand
           ,
           with
           relation
           to
           all
           the
           
             beneficial
             Trade
          
           in
           which
           the
           English
           are
           concerned
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           only
           in
           
             as
             bad
          
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           worse
           Condition
           than
           the
           Subjects
           of
           any
           foreign
           Prince
           are
           ;
           because
           that
           as
           they
           of
           a
           foreign
           Kingdom
           or
           State
           ,
           may
           for
           and
           upon
           their
           being
           excluded
           from
           Trading
           into
           the
           
             English
             American
          
           Plantations
           ,
           &c.
           make
           Reprizals
           upon
           the
           English
           ,
           in
           debarring
           them
           from
           the
           Liberty
           and
           Benefit
           of
           Traffick
           to
           such
           Places
           ,
           as
           are
           under
           the
           Power
           and
           Jurisdiction
           of
           those
           respective
           Kingdoms
           and
           States
           ;
           and
           from
           and
           with
           which
           they
           drive
           and
           pursue
           their
           most
           useful
           and
           enriching
           Commerce
           ;
           so
           the
           Subjects
           of
           foreign
           Princes
           and
           States
           are
           through
           the
           alone
           Countenance
           ,
           Concession
           and
           Authority
           of
           their
           own
           proper
           and
           respective
           Soveraigns
           ,
           always
           at
           liberty
           to
           erect
           and
           establish
           what
           Trade
           they
           please
           ,
           to
           Places
           either
           unpreocoupied
           ,
           or
           where
           freedom
           of
           Commerce
           is
           allowed
           promiscuously
           ,
           to
           those
           of
           all
           Countries
           that
           shall
           think
           fit
           to
           deal
           with
           them
           :
           Wherein
           as
           Foreigners
           fall
           not
           under
           the
           Controul
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           nor
           are
           discouraged
           by
           their
           Menaces
           ;
           so
           in
           reference
           to
           those
           Princes
           and
           Rulers
           ,
           under
           whom
           those
           Foreigners
           live
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           room
           to
           make
           impression
           upon
           them
           ,
           to
           withdraw
           from
           countenancing
           their
           own
           People
           ,
           by
           the
           little
           Arts
           and
           the
           various
           means
           of
           Influence
           which
           the
           English
           are
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           use
           ,
           and
           are
           supposed
           sometimes
           to
           practise
           ,
           for
           diverting
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           from
           giving
           that
           equal
           Encouragement
           to
           the
           Scots
           ,
           in
           matter
           of
           Trade
           ,
           which
           the
           People
           of
           England
           think
           they
           have
           a
           Right
           both
           to
           demand
           and
           to
           expect
           ,
           and
           which
           (
           through
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           
             Common
             Soveraigns
          
           of
           both
           Nations
           )
           has
           been
           distinctively
           vouchsafed
           them
           .
           Which
           leads
           me
           to
           the
           next
           thing
           that
           I
           do
           crave
           the
           liberty
           to
           lay
           unpartially
           before
           you
           .
        
         
           Which
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           is
           as
           much
           a
           free
           and
           independent
           Kingdom
           as
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           is
           .
           That
           it
           is
           neither
           a
           Subdued
           nor
           a
           Tributary
           Nation
           ,
           nor
           in
           the
           quality
           of
           a
           Province
           ,
           peopled
           by
           a
           Swarm
           and
           Colony
           from
           hence
           .
           For
           tho
           it
           may
           and
           doth
           acknowledg
           England
           to
           be
           a
           more
           large
           ,
           more
           
           populous
           ,
           opulent
           and
           powerful
           Kingdom
           than
           it self
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           far
           from
           owning
           any
           Subjection
           or
           Inferiority
           to
           it
           .
           For
           as
           to
           all
           the
           mutual
           Duties
           and
           Offices
           ,
           which
           may
           only
           argue
           the
           Esteem
           and
           Respect
           which
           one
           Independent
           Nation
           yieldeth
           to
           another
           ;
           these
           it
           both
           confesseth
           to
           be
           due
           ,
           and
           is
           ready
           to
           pay
           unto
           England
           :
           But
           to
           receive
           Laws
           from
           it
           ,
           or
           yield
           an
           Obedience
           to
           its
           Authority
           ,
           it
           neither
           ought
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           nor
           will.
           And
           of
           how
           near
           Affinity
           and
           Alliance
           soever
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           may
           be
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           with
           respect
           to
           Identity
           of
           Language
           ,
           Similitude
           of
           Manners
           ,
           Analogy
           of
           Customs
           ,
           and
           Agreeableness
           of
           Essential
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           being
           under
           one
           and
           the
           same
           King
           :
           Yet
           they
           do
           nevertheless
           preserve
           and
           maintain
           distinct
           and
           different
           Jurisdictions
           and
           Authorities
           ,
           have
           separate
           and
           
             independent
             Parliaments
          
           ,
           and
           are
           governed
           by
           their
           own
           proper
           ,
           peculiar
           and
           respective
           Laws
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           the
           Subjects
           of
           several
           Kings
           ,
           and
           each
           of
           them
           ruled
           by
           a
           distinct
           Monarch
           .
           Nor
           are
           the
           Parliaments
           of
           Scotland
           less
           the
           Representatives
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           and
           People
           ,
           or
           under
           less
           Obligations
           of
           consulting
           for
           ,
           and
           promoting
           the
           Welfare
           and
           Prosperity
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           than
           the
           Parliaments
           of
           England
           are
           .
           Neither
           can
           the
           latter
           comptrol
           or
           supersede
           the
           Acts
           of
           the
           former
           ,
           more
           than
           the
           former
           can
           the
           Acts
           of
           the
           latter
           :
           For
           it
           is
           not
           with
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           with
           that
           of
           Ireland
           ;
           in
           that
           the
           Irish
           Parliament
           have
           not
           so
           much
           as
           a
           Consultative
           Power
           about
           a
           Bill
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           are
           they
           cloth'd
           with
           a
           Right
           and
           Authority
           so
           far
           to
           pass
           it
           ,
           as
           to
           offer
           it
           prepared
           and
           agreed
           upon
           for
           the
           Royal
           Assent
           ,
           unless
           it
           hath
           previously
           received
           the
           Approbation
           of
           the
           
             Privy
             Council
          
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           transmitted
           thither
           ,
           under
           the
           Stamp
           and
           Impression
           of
           the
           Broad-Seal
           of
           England
           ,
           granting
           them
           Liberty
           and
           Permission
           so
           to
           do
           :
           Whereas
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Scotland
           hath
           both
           a
           full
           and
           plenary
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           sole
           Right
           of
           introducing
           ,
           moulding
           ,
           preparing
           and
           passing
           whatsoever
           Bills
           it
           judges
           to
           be
           subservient
           to
           the
           King's
           Honour
           ,
           adapted
           to
           the
           preservation
           of
           the
           Publick
           Peace
           ,
           and
           conducible
           to
           the
           advancing
           the
           Trade
           and
           Prosperity
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           without
           being
           obliged
           to
           have
           the
           least
           antecedent
           regard
           to
           what
           Opinion
           the
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           or
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           either
           in
           its
           Great
           Senate
           ,
           or
           in
           its
           Inferiour
           Courts
           ,
           may
           have
           of
           those
           
           Bills
           which
           the
           Scots
           bring
           in
           ,
           debate
           and
           vote
           in
           order
           to
           their
           being
           enacted
           into
           Laws
           .
           Nor
           is
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           under
           less
           Obligation
           ,
           both
           by
           the
           Duty
           of
           his
           High
           and
           Sovereign
           Station
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Regal
           Oath
           ,
           to
           seek
           and
           promote
           the
           Good
           and
           Welfare
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           than
           he
           is
           bound
           by
           the
           like
           Ties
           ,
           to
           contrive
           and
           pursue
           the
           Prosperity
           and
           Happiness
           of
           England
           .
           And
           as
           England
           doth
           not
           allow
           it
           to
           fall
           within
           the
           Circle
           and
           Verge
           of
           the
           Royal
           Authority
           to
           supersede
           ,
           vacate
           and
           dispense
           with
           Laws
           once
           enacted
           :
           So
           the
           Scots
           do
           no
           less
           disclaim
           such
           a
           Prerogative
           in
           the
           Soveraign
           ,
           especially
           with
           respect
           to
           beneficial
           Laws
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           are
           of
           a
           civil
           and
           political
           Nature
           :
           Yea
           ,
           they
           have
           as
           much
           blamed
           and
           withstood
           all
           Pretensions
           of
           their
           Monarchs
           ,
           of
           dispensing
           with
           Laws
           that
           are
           penal
           ,
           and
           about
           Religious
           and
           Ecclesiastical
           Matters
           ,
           as
           the
           English
           themselves
           have
           done
           ;
           tho
           possibly
           they
           have
           both
           withstood
           that
           Claim
           of
           their
           Kings
           ,
           as
           much
           to
           their
           own
           Damage
           ,
           and
           the
           Prejudice
           of
           their
           true
           Interests
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Restraint
           upon
           ,
           and
           Diminution
           of
           the
           
             Regal
             Prerogative
          
           .
           And
           then
           as
           for
           that
           Right
           ,
           commonly
           granted
           to
           be
           resident
           in
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           an
           Incident
           inseparable
           from
           the
           Soveraignty
           ,
           of
           putting
           a
           Negative
           (
           whensoever
           they
           judg
           it
           necessary
           )
           on
           
             Parliamentary
             Bills
          
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           same
           in
           whosoever
           is
           King
           of
           these
           two
           Kingdoms
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           England
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           to
           
             Scotland
             ▪
          
           And
           whatsoever
           Limitations
           are
           conceived
           by
           the
           English
           to
           lie
           upon
           the
           Prerogative
           of
           our
           Monarchs
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           giving
           a
           Negative
           to
           Bills
           of
           Right
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           are
           of
           a
           
             National
             Vtility
          
           ,
           the
           Scots
           do
           plead
           the
           same
           Restrictions
           to
           be
           upon
           the
           Soveraign
           Power
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           Bills
           ,
           claiming
           either
           the
           Confirmation
           of
           antient
           Legal
           Privileges
           ,
           or
           containing
           and
           making
           Provision
           of
           such
           greater
           or
           lesser
           
             National
             Benefits
          
           ,
           which
           (
           without
           extream
           Prejudice
           to
           their
           publick
           and
           general
           Interest
           )
           they
           cannot
           be
           without
           ,
           nor
           account
           themselves
           either
           Happy
           or
           Easy
           ,
           through
           the
           want
           of
           their
           passing
           into
           Laws
           .
           So
           that
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           this
           being
           the
           Nature
           ,
           Frame
           and
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           a
           true
           and
           just
           Account
           of
           the
           Jurisdiction
           ,
           Power
           and
           Authority
           of
           the
           Parliaments
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           I
           do
           not
           see
           why
           the
           Scots
           (
           while
           they
           do
           nothing
           that
           interferes
           with
           their
           Allegiance
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           or
           that
           doth
           lie
           in
           the
           least
           repugnancy
           to
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           remaining
           united
           under
           
           
             one
             Monarch
          
           ,
           or
           that
           importeth
           so
           much
           as
           Shadow
           of
           Hostility
           against
           England
           )
           may
           not
           consult
           ,
           contrive
           and
           enact
           Laws
           for
           the
           promoting
           their
           own
           Good
           and
           Prosperity
           ,
           without
           regarding
           whether
           such
           Laws
           do
           either
           immediately
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           remote
           Consequences
           of
           them
           ,
           lessen
           and
           prove
           somewhat
           prejudicial
           to
           the
           Trade
           and
           Opulency
           of
           England
           .
           Nor
           can
           the
           English
           justly
           complain
           of
           ,
           or
           blame
           this
           Conduct
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           considering
           what
           they
           have
           so
           often
           done
           themselves
           ,
           for
           the
           advancing
           their
           own
           Traffick
           and
           Wealth
           ;
           not
           only
           without
           respecting
           whether
           the
           Methods
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           did
           it
           ,
           might
           not
           be
           prejudicial
           to
           the
           Scots
           Nation
           ,
           but
           both
           under
           an
           apparent
           prospect
           that
           it
           would
           infallibly
           be
           so
           ;
           and
           upon
           the
           Influence
           of
           those
           Motives
           ,
           which
           directly
           imported
           that
           what
           they
           did
           ,
           should
           unavoidably
           be
           to
           the
           Damage
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           by
           depressing
           it
           ,
           and
           keeping
           it
           impotent
           and
           indigent
           .
           And
           so
           justifiable
           as
           well
           as
           lawful
           ,
           the
           English
           judged
           this
           manner
           of
           procedure
           towards
           the
           Scots
           to
           be
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           adapted
           it
           for
           one
           of
           the
           Maxims
           of
           the
           Politicks
           of
           England
           ,
           that
           in
           order
           to
           render
           this
           Kingdom
           Honourable
           ,
           Potent
           and
           Wealthy
           ,
           Scotland
           must
           by
           all
           imaginable
           Means
           be
           kept
           Weak
           and
           Poor
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           contemptible
           .
           Nor
           hath
           this
           been
           less
           the
           Consequence
           and
           Effect
           ,
           than
           it
           was
           the
           projected
           and
           designed
           End
           of
           those
           
             English
             Laws
          
           ,
           bearing
           the
           Titles
           which
           I
           have
           formerly
           mentioned
           :
           So
           that
           upon
           Supposition
           that
           the
           late
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           was
           made
           not
           only
           under
           View
           ,
           but
           out
           of
           Intention
           of
           lessening
           and
           abridging
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           ,
           by
           means
           of
           extending
           and
           enlarging
           the
           Traffick
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           yet
           it
           is
           no
           more
           but
           meting
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           measured
           to
           the
           Scots
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           but
           drawing
           them
           a
           Copy
           of
           what
           was
           an
           Original
           of
           their
           own
           .
           To
           which
           I
           shall
           only
           add
           on
           this
           Head
           ,
           that
           there
           never
           was
           a
           Nation
           that
           was
           independent
           upon
           another
           ,
           (
           under
           whatsoever
           Incorporations
           ,
           Confederacies
           and
           Unions
           they
           might
           otherwise
           be
           )
           that
           did
           ever
           neglect
           ,
           depart
           from
           ,
           or
           forbear
           the
           endeavouring
           the
           Advancement
           of
           its
           own
           Benefit
           and
           Reputation
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           meerly
           because
           the
           Consequence
           and
           Effect
           thereof
           might
           be
           the
           lessening
           the
           Profit
           ,
           and
           obstructing
           the
           growing
           and
           menacing
           Power
           and
           Opulency
           of
           another
           Nation
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           was
           overshadowed
           and
           depressed
           .
        
         
         
           Which
           conducteth
           me
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           to
           the
           next
           thing
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           presume
           to
           lay
           before
           you
           ,
           namely
           how
           much
           ,
           many
           of
           your
           great
           People
           ,
           through
           denying
           themselves
           liberty
           to
           think
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           your
           
             forty
             thousand
             Pound
          
           Men
           of
           the
           Mob
           at
           Garraways
           ,
           (
           to
           whom
           God
           hath
           given
           Riches
           for
           denying
           them
           Vnderstanding
           and
           good
           Nature
           )
           are
           mistaken
           ,
           first
           in
           believing
           themselves
           ,
           and
           then
           in
           attempting
           to
           impose
           their
           belief
           upon
           others
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           for
           the
           Erecting
           of
           a
           Company
           to
           trade
           to
           Africa
           and
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           will
           be
           of
           prejudice
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Commerce
           and
           Traffick
           thereof
           .
           Whereas
           upon
           the
           Use
           of
           all
           the
           Sense
           I
           have
           ,
           and
           after
           the
           outmost
           exercise
           of
           that
           reasonable
           Faculty
           which
           God
           hath
           given
           me
           ,
           I
           am
           so
           far
           from
           being
           of
           their
           Mind
           ,
           that
           I
           do
           judg
           nothing
           to
           be
           more
           calculated
           and
           adapted
           for
           the
           Advantage
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           than
           the
           Establishment
           of
           that
           Company
           is
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           obstructing
           the
           Execution
           of
           that
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           ,
           will
           be
           of
           fatal
           Consequence
           to
           England
           ,
           and
           especially
           to
           their
           Societies
           trading
           to
           Africa
           and
           the
           East-Indies
           ;
           seeing
           this
           Company
           which
           the
           Scots
           are
           establishing
           ,
           is
           not
           to
           drive
           a
           Traffick
           with
           some
           little
           Island
           ,
           or
           diminutive
           Place
           ,
           where
           all
           the
           Trade
           is
           already
           preoccupy'd
           ,
           engross'd
           and
           monopolized
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           to
           carry
           on
           a
           Commerce
           on
           two
           vast
           Continents
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           adjacent
           Islands
           ;
           where
           (
           besides
           what
           is
           already
           entered
           upon
           and
           possessed
           by
           the
           English
           )
           there
           are
           many
           large
           Territories
           ,
           for
           others
           to
           occupy
           and
           found
           a
           Traffick
           in
           ,
           and
           these
           no
           less
           fertile
           in
           Productions
           and
           Manufactures
           ,
           fit
           to
           be
           imported
           into
           Europe
           ,
           and
           there
           vended
           and
           disposed
           to
           great
           Profit
           ,
           than
           they
           are
           willing
           ,
           inclinable
           and
           prepared
           to
           take
           of
           what
           we
           can
           export
           unto
           them
           ,
           of
           both
           Kinds
           of
           our
           own
           .
           Indeed
           were
           the
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           framed
           and
           intended
           to
           worm
           and
           supplant
           the
           English
           out
           of
           those
           Shares
           of
           the
           Indian
           and
           African
           Trades
           ,
           of
           which
           they
           are
           possessed
           ,
           or
           to
           drive
           them
           from
           their
           Forts
           and
           Factories
           ,
           I
           do
           think
           he
           should
           not
           have
           English
           Blood
           in
           his
           Veins
           ,
           who
           would
           not
           warmly
           resent
           the
           Design
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           not
           only
           to
           prevent
           the
           Execution
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           revenge
           the
           Attempt
           upon
           those
           that
           have
           projected
           it
           .
           But
           as
           the
           Scots
           have
           no
           intention
           of
           making
           the
           least
           Encroachments
           upon
           the
           English
           ,
           in
           any
           of
           those
           particular
           Places
           where
           they
           have
           established
           a
           Commerce
           :
           So
           it
           will
           be
           both
           for
           the
           Honour
           of
           Great-Britain
           ,
           and
           prove
           
           exceeding
           contributory
           to
           the
           Opulency
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           to
           get
           a
           larger
           Share
           of
           the
           African
           and
           East-India
           Trades
           into
           their
           joint
           and
           associated
           Hands
           ,
           than
           the
           two
           Companies
           of
           England
           of
           those
           Denominations
           trading
           thither
           ,
           have
           been
           hitherto
           able
           to
           compass
           and
           obtain
           ,
           or
           can
           be
           in
           a
           Condition
           singly
           to
           carry
           on
           and
           support
           .
           Seeing
           as
           it
           may
           be
           done
           without
           the
           one
           's
           encroaching
           upon
           ,
           or
           interfering
           with
           the
           other
           there
           ;
           so
           there
           is
           Vent
           in
           Europe
           for
           more
           East-India
           Goods
           than
           both
           the
           Nations
           can
           import
           and
           bring
           from
           thence
           ,
           were
           the
           Stocks
           of
           each
           of
           them
           larger
           ,
           and
           their
           Trades
           more
           flourishing
           than
           that
           of
           the
           one
           ever
           was
           ,
           or
           than
           there
           is
           any
           prospect
           that
           either
           of
           them
           will
           at
           any
           time
           hereafter
           come
           to
           be
           .
           And
           while
           several
           other
           Nations
           (
           betwixt
           whom
           and
           England
           there
           are
           none
           of
           the
           Obligations
           of
           Friendship
           ,
           mutual
           Aid
           ,
           and
           Assistance
           which
           are
           between
           the
           English
           and
           the
           Scots
           )
           are
           endeavouring
           to
           establish
           ,
           promote
           and
           support
           Trades
           both
           to
           Africa
           and
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           it
           is
           matter
           of
           Wonder
           and
           Surprize
           ,
           that
           the
           English
           should
           rather
           desire
           to
           have
           the
           
             French
             ,
             Danes
             ,
             Brandenburgers
          
           ,
           &c.
           become
           Partakers
           and
           Sharers
           in
           those
           Trades
           ,
           and
           with
           as
           large
           Privileges
           and
           Immunities
           as
           any
           mentioned
           in
           the
           
             Northern
             Act
          
           ,
           than
           that
           the
           Scots
           should
           have
           any
           Portion
           in
           them
           ;
           which
           would
           provoke
           some
           ,
           that
           are
           not
           very
           ready
           to
           entertain
           Jealousies
           ,
           to
           think
           that
           notwithstanding
           the
           two
           Kingdoms
           have
           been
           so
           long
           under
           
             the
             same
          
           Soveraign
           ,
           and
           have
           lived
           in
           the
           mutual
           Exercises
           of
           many
           Offices
           which
           had
           an
           exterior
           shew
           of
           Friendship
           ,
           that
           yet
           after
           all
           there
           remaineth
           too
           much
           of
           the
           antient
           National
           Pique
           :
           And
           God
           grant
           that
           it
           arrive
           not
           at
           last
           to
           a
           Rupture
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           to
           such
           an
           Enmity
           as
           useth
           to
           be
           the
           Effect
           of
           Strife
           and
           Discord
           ,
           when
           those
           that
           have
           been
           Friends
           ,
           and
           supposed
           to
           lie
           in
           one
           anothers
           Bosom
           ,
           come
           to
           quarrel
           and
           fall
           out
           .
           Nor
           is
           it
           unworthy
           of
           Remark
           ,
           how
           that
           in
           
             Edward
             the
          
           Confessor's
           Days
           ,
           the
           Amity
           between
           these
           two
           Nations
           was
           so
           warm
           and
           seemingly
           indissoluble
           ,
           that
           (
           notwithstanding
           their
           being
           under
           different
           Monarchs
           )
           that
           good
           King
           would
           not
           suffer
           the
           Scots
           to
           be
           stiled
           nor
           accounted
           Aliens
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           to
           be
           treated
           as
           such
           ,
           (
           as
           some
           of
           late
           ,
           in
           Contempt
           as
           well
           as
           Neglect
           of
           their
           being
           under
           one
           Soveraign
           ,
           have
           been
           endeavouring
           they
           should
           )
           which
           yet
           soon
           after
           (
           upon
           Motives
           which
           I
           shall
           not
           now
           mention
           )
           
           not
           only
           grew
           cold
           ,
           but
           became
           exchanged
           into
           that
           mutual
           Hatred
           ,
           which
           many
           Ages
           could
           not
           allay
           ,
           nor
           those
           Seas
           of
           Blood
           ,
           shed
           in
           their
           Wars
           against
           one
           another
           ,
           totally
           and
           finally
           extinguish
           ,
           until
           by
           the
           Wise
           and
           Gracious
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           they
           became
           the
           Subjects
           of
           one
           and
           the
           same
           King
           ;
           and
           instead
           of
           continuing
           to
           be
           distinguished
           by
           the
           Titles
           of
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           the
           Badges
           of
           their
           Variance
           ,
           they
           grew
           so
           far
           united
           into
           
             one
             Monarchy
          
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           denominated
           by
           the
           stile
           of
           Great-Britain
           ,
           which
           is
           equally
           applicable
           unto
           ,
           and
           comprehends
           both
           .
           To
           which
           allow
           me
           to
           add
           ,
           that
           the
           Dutch
           having
           already
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           the
           most
           beneficial
           Parts
           of
           the
           African
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           the
           East-India
           Trades
           ,
           and
           having
           not
           only
           raised
           themselves
           to
           wonderful
           Grandure
           and
           Opulency
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           but
           attained
           to
           that
           Soveraignty
           of
           Power
           ,
           as
           both
           to
           give
           Laws
           to
           most
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           those
           Eastern
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           Depredations
           and
           Encroachments
           upon
           ,
           and
           subdue
           and
           dispossess
           whom
           they
           please
           ;
           it
           is
           matter
           of
           great
           Amazement
           ,
           that
           the
           English
           should
           not
           be
           willing
           to
           admit
           the
           Scots
           to
           establish
           a
           Trade
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           but
           that
           by
           their
           joining
           ,
           and
           uniting
           their
           Force
           and
           Power
           with
           that
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           may
           be
           resisted
           and
           withstood
           in
           those
           Invasions
           and
           Rapines
           which
           they
           are
           inclinable
           enough
           to
           commit
           upon
           the
           English
           .
           And
           there
           is
           reason
           to
           expect
           that
           England
           ,
           even
           through
           the
           Advice
           of
           their
           own
           East-India-Company
           ,
           should
           encourage
           the
           Scots
           in
           what
           they
           are
           attempting
           ,
           rather
           than
           to
           obstruct
           and
           dishearten
           them
           ,
           considering
           what
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           by
           Force
           as
           well
           as
           Fraud
           ,
           have
           wrested
           from
           and
           dispossessed
           the
           English
           of
           ;
           and
           that
           chiefly
           through
           their
           want
           of
           sufficient
           Numbers
           of
           Men
           in
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           to
           protect
           and
           defend
           their
           Forts
           ,
           Factories
           and
           Plantations
           ,
           with
           which
           Scotland
           can
           both
           easily
           and
           abundantly
           furnish
           them
           ,
           if
           the
           late
           Act
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           for
           erecting
           an
           East-India
           Company
           ,
           obtain
           and
           have
           the
           Success
           that
           is
           designed
           by
           it
           ,
           and
           meet
           not
           with
           Opposition
           from
           those
           ,
           whose
           true
           Interest
           it
           is
           to
           further
           and
           promote
           it
           .
           Concerning
           which
           Act
           and
           Company
           it
           was
           enacted
           to
           give
           an
           Establishment
           unto
           ,
           I
           will
           assume
           the
           liberty
           further
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           one
           seems
           framed
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           erected
           under
           view
           ,
           and
           with
           an
           Intention
           of
           as
           much
           Advantage
           to
           accrue
           to
           England
           ,
           as
           what
           Scotland
           
           it self
           proposeth
           to
           gain
           ,
           or
           can
           have
           any
           prospect
           of
           .
           For
           as
           a
           full
           Moiety
           ,
           if
           not
           
             two
             Thirds
          
           ,
           designed
           to
           be
           raised
           upon
           the
           Encouragement
           and
           in
           the
           Execution
           of
           that
           Act
           ,
           will
           (
           or
           at
           least
           may
           )
           be
           the
           Money
           of
           English-men
           ,
           continuing
           to
           live
           and
           reside
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           :
           So
           the
           Profit
           that
           ariseth
           from
           the
           management
           of
           the
           Scots
           Stock
           ,
           will
           (
           in
           proportion
           thereunto
           )
           fall
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           become
           a
           Part
           of
           their
           Capital
           .
           So
           that
           besides
           the
           Satisfaction
           which
           (
           by
           this
           Means
           )
           will
           be
           given
           to
           many
           English
           ,
           who
           have
           been
           discontented
           ,
           through
           their
           want
           of
           Shares
           in
           the
           East-India
           Company
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           have
           therefore
           run
           upon
           Interloping
           ,
           (
           which
           this
           will
           also
           put
           a
           Period
           to
           )
           most
           of
           all
           the
           Gain
           arising
           by
           the
           Trade
           of
           the
           Scots
           Company
           ,
           will
           center
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           add
           greatly
           to
           the
           Treasure
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           .
           Which
           Benefit
           being
           National
           and
           Universal
           ,
           may
           be
           accounted
           more
           than
           a
           Compensation
           for
           any
           Damage
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Scots
             East-India
          
           Company
           can
           be
           supposed
           to
           do
           to
           the
           English
           Corporation
           of
           that
           Denomination
           .
           And
           forasmuch
           as
           the
           Northern
           Society
           cannot
           prejudice
           their
           Southern
           Neighbours
           in
           the
           Vent
           of
           their
           Commodities
           ,
           either
           as
           to
           what
           the
           Scots
           themselves
           used
           to
           take
           off
           ,
           nor
           in
           what
           they
           used
           to
           dispose
           elsewhere
           ;
           seeing
           that
           as
           the
           greatest
           Part
           ,
           if
           not
           the
           whole
           Indian
           Goods
           that
           have
           been
           consumed
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           were
           usually
           brought
           in
           and
           imported
           from
           Holland
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           purchased
           cheaper
           than
           they
           can
           be
           in
           England
           :
           So
           the
           English
           Company
           can
           be
           no
           ways
           prejudiced
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           those
           Indian
           Commodities
           which
           they
           have
           hitherto
           disposed
           elsewhere
           in
           any
           Parts
           of
           Europe
           ;
           Because
           that
           as
           these
           Foreign
           Countries
           are
           ready
           to
           take
           off
           and
           consume
           more
           than
           both
           the
           English
           and
           Scots
           Companies
           can
           furnish
           them
           with
           ,
           it
           will
           likewise
           be
           many
           Years
           before
           the
           
             Scots
             Company
          
           (
           by
           reason
           both
           of
           the
           vast
           Charge
           they
           must
           be
           at
           ,
           in
           settling
           their
           Trade
           ,
           and
           the
           many
           Difficulties
           and
           Losses
           incident
           to
           Beginners
           )
           can
           be
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           under
           ,
           sell
           the
           English
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           only
           way
           they
           can
           be
           imagined
           to
           have
           ,
           of
           worming
           the
           English
           out
           of
           the
           Vent
           and
           Sale
           of
           their
           Commodities
           :
           So
           that
           the
           whole
           Prejudice
           which
           can
           be
           supposed
           to
           befal
           the
           English
           East-India
           Company
           ,
           through
           the
           Execution
           of
           the
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           ,
           resolves
           it self
           into
           the
           Immunity
           of
           the
           Scots
           from
           paying
           Customs
           for
           21
           Years
           ,
           while
           the
           English
           remain
           all
           that
           while
           under
           such
           a
           
             Tribute
             ,
             Tax
          
           and
           
           Imposition
           :
           which
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           suffer
           me
           to
           say
           ,
           is
           not
           a
           Matter
           of
           that
           Importance
           ,
           as
           to
           deserve
           all
           the
           Noise
           that
           is
           made
           about
           the
           Scots
           Company
           .
           And
           tho
           I
           be
           not
           so
           much
           a
           Philosopher
           ,
           as
           either
           to
           smile
           at
           the
           seeing
           an
           Ass
           eat
           Thistles
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           beholding
           a
           Gown-man
           of
           70
           reading
           a
           Madrigal
           with
           his
           Spectacles
           on
           ;
           yet
           I
           can
           hardly
           forbear
           laughing
           to
           find
           a
           Nation
           that
           is
           called
           Wise
           ,
           and
           which
           really
           is
           so
           ,
           to
           fill
           both
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           the
           adjacent
           Parts
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           with
           Clamour
           and
           Twattle
           ,
           because
           the
           English
           East-India
           Company
           pays
           Customs
           for
           all
           it
           imports
           from
           thence
           ,
           while
           the
           Scots
           are
           for
           a
           few
           Years
           to
           be
           exempted
           from
           it
           ;
           but
           who
           are
           during
           that
           time
           to
           be
           at
           the
           Expence
           of
           double
           the
           Value
           of
           that
           Imposition
           in
           the
           necessary
           Charges
           they
           must
           be
           at
           ,
           in
           the
           erecting
           Forts
           and
           establishing
           Factories
           ,
           and
           towards
           the
           settling
           of
           their
           Trade
           ,
           to
           make
           it
           practicable
           as
           well
           as
           safe
           :
           Which
           if
           they
           prove
           so
           fortunate
           as
           to
           compass
           and
           effect
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           only
           after
           the
           Expiration
           of
           that
           Term
           of
           Years
           ,
           be
           contented
           to
           be
           liable
           to
           pay
           Customs
           ;
           but
           that
           Kingdom
           may
           in
           that
           time
           ,
           by
           the
           Means
           of
           their
           acquired
           and
           improved
           Trade
           ,
           be
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           contribute
           more
           ,
           both
           to
           the
           Support
           of
           the
           
             Civil
             Government
          
           of
           these
           Nations
           ;
           and
           to
           the
           defraying
           of
           the
           Charges
           of
           any
           War
           ,
           which
           the
           Kingdoms
           may
           come
           to
           be
           engaged
           in
           ,
           than
           they
           have
           hitherto
           been
           in
           a
           Capacity
           to
           do
           ,
           and
           thereby
           lessen
           the
           Expenses
           of
           England
           ,
           greatly
           beyond
           what
           they
           are
           for
           21
           Years
           to
           be
           excused
           from
           in
           Customs
           .
        
         
           Sir
           ,
           before
           I
           ease
           you
           of
           the
           Trouble
           which
           I
           have
           given
           you
           ,
           I
           should
           lay
           under
           your
           View
           the
           several
           Ways
           and
           Methods
           which
           
             your
             House
          
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           House
           of
           Peers
           ,
           are
           taking
           to
           defeat
           the
           Design
           of
           the
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           ,
           and
           should
           make
           those
           Reflections
           upon
           them
           which
           are
           just
           and
           natural
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           obvious
           .
           But
           the
           whole
           Procedure
           in
           that
           Matter
           being
           somewhat
           extraordinary
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           venture
           upon
           it
           ,
           seeing
           it
           cannot
           be
           done
           as
           it
           ought
           ,
           with
           that
           Respect
           and
           Reverence
           which
           is
           due
           to
           such
           awful
           and
           august
           Bodies
           .
           And
           therefore
           all
           I
           will
           say
           ,
           shall
           be
           only
           these
           two
           Things
           :
           First
           ,
           That
           the
           
             two
             Houses
          
           seem
           to
           contribute
           fully
           as
           much
           to
           the
           Interest
           and
           Reputation
           of
           the
           
             Scots
             Company
          
           ,
           as
           the
           Parliament
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           has
           done
           in
           giving
           
             it
             being
          
           ,
           by
           thinking
           it
           worthy
           of
           so
           much
           of
           their
           Notice
           ,
           Time
           and
           Debate
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           bestowed
           upon
           it
           ;
           especially
           at
           this
           Season
           ,
           
           when
           their
           whole
           Time
           and
           utmost
           Abilities
           are
           little
           enough
           to
           be
           imployed
           in
           the
           redressing
           the
           Grievances
           of
           their
           
             own
             Country
          
           ,
           and
           in
           finding
           out
           Ways
           and
           Means
           for
           carrying
           on
           the
           War
           against
           France
           ,
           and
           for
           enabling
           the
           King
           to
           touch
           that
           Foreign
           Monarch
           in
           the
           sensible
           Part.
           For
           ,
           believe
           me
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           the
           generality
           of
           Mankind
           have
           conceived
           a
           greater
           Esteem
           for
           the
           
             Scots
             East-India
          
           Company
           ,
           and
           have
           entertained
           more
           favourable
           Thoughts
           of
           its
           Success
           than
           otherwise
           they
           would
           ,
           meerly
           from
           the
           Jealousies
           you
           have
           exprest
           ,
           and
           the
           Opposition
           you
           are
           giving
           unto
           it
           .
           And
           then
           ,
           secondly
           ,
           That
           all
           the
           Ways
           and
           Methods
           you
           have
           hitherto
           fallen
           upon
           for
           the
           obstructing
           the
           Execution
           of
           the
           
             Scots
             Act
          
           ,
           and
           the
           giving
           Discouragement
           to
           their
           Trade
           to
           Africa
           and
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           is
           perfectly
           a
           Conspiracy
           against
           your selves
           ,
           and
           the
           carrying
           on
           a
           Plot
           to
           endamage
           and
           mischieve
           England
           :
           For
           do
           you
           think
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           that
           by
           forbidding
           any
           of
           the
           Subjects
           of
           England
           to
           build
           Ships
           for
           ,
           or
           to
           sell
           to
           the
           Scots
           such
           as
           are
           built
           already
           ,
           you
           will
           disable
           and
           incapacitate
           them
           from
           proceeding
           in
           their
           Undertaking
           ?
           seeing
           they
           may
           buy
           of
           the
           Hollanders
           as
           many
           as
           they
           will
           ,
           and
           of
           what
           Bulk
           they
           please
           ,
           and
           at
           cheaper
           Rates
           than
           they
           could
           do
           here
           .
           So
           that
           this
           ,
           instead
           of
           being
           an
           Obstruction
           to
           the
           Scots
           ,
           will
           only
           injure
           your selves
           ,
           and
           benefit
           the
           Dutch.
           And
           then
           as
           for
           the
           prohibiting
           any
           of
           the
           Subjects
           of
           England
           to
           become
           Partners
           in
           the
           
             Scots
             Stock
          
           ;
           as
           it
           will
           tempt
           many
           of
           your
           wealthy
           People
           to
           leave
           England
           and
           to
           withdraw
           to
           Scotland
           ,
           which
           few
           Men
           (
           out
           of
           meer
           fondness
           to
           their
           Country
           )
           will
           forbear
           to
           do
           ,
           when
           their
           Interest
           tempts
           them
           to
           it
           ;
           so
           the
           Scots
           cannot
           want
           enough
           of
           other
           Nations
           to
           become
           Partners
           in
           their
           Stock
           and
           Trade
           ,
           upon
           the
           English
           declining
           of
           it
           .
           And
           as
           hundreds
           of
           the
           Dutch
           particularly
           ,
           will
           both
           greedily
           and
           thankfully
           embrace
           the
           Proposal
           ;
           so
           I
           dread
           to
           mention
           the
           Consequences
           which
           may
           ensue
           upon
           such
           a
           Conjunction
           between
           the
           Scots
           and
           them
           .
           Nor
           will
           I
           call
           over
           the
           other
           Methods
           you
           have
           been
           upon
           for
           frustrating
           the
           Scots
           Attempt
           in
           the
           Erection
           of
           an
           East-India
           Company
           ,
           because
           the
           very
           mentioning
           of
           them
           would
           be
           to
           expose
           them
           ,
           which
           the
           great
           Honour
           that
           I
           bear
           for
           those
           Assemblies
           at
           Westminster
           ,
           will
           not
           
           admit
           me
           to
           do
           :
           And
           therefore
           I
           will
           here
           end
           ,
           and
           only
           assure
           you
           ,
           that
           tho
           I
           be
           a
           Stranger
           to
           you
           ,
           yet
           the
           very
           taking
           the
           liberty
           to
           address
           this
           Paper
           to
           you
           ,
           sheweth
           how
           Ambitious
           I
           am
           ,
           and
           how
           much
           I
           do
           value
           my self
           ,
           upon
           the
           obtaining
           any
           Occasion
           of
           testifying
           with
           what
           Sincerity
           I
           am
           ,
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
           
             Jan.
             1.
             
             1695-96
             .
          
           Your
           most
           humble
           and
           most
           obedient
           Servant
           ,
           
             C.
             K.
             
          
        
      
    
     
  

