The true portraiture of the kings of England, drawn from their titles, successions, raigns and ends, or, A short and exact historical description of every king, with the right they have had to the crown, and the manner of their wearing of it, especially from William the Conqueror wherein is demonstrated that there hath been no direct succession in the line to create an hereditary right, for six or seven hundred years : faithfully collected out of our best histories, and humbly presented to the Parliament of England / by an impartial friend to justice and truth.
Parker, Henry, 1604-1652.
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The true portraiture of the kings of England, drawn from their titles, successions, raigns and ends, or, A short and exact historical description of every king, with the right they have had to the crown, and the manner of their wearing of it, especially from William the Conqueror wherein is demonstrated that there hath been no direct succession in the line to create an hereditary right, for six or seven hundred years : faithfully collected out of our best histories, and humbly presented to the Parliament of England / by an impartial friend to justice and truth.
Parker, Henry, 1604-1652.
[4], 42 p.
Printed by R.W. for Francis Tyton ...,
London :
1650.
"To the reader" signed: Henry Parker.
Imperfect: print showthrough with loss of print.
Reproduction of original in the Union Theological Seminary Library, New York.
eng
Kings and rulers -- Succession.
Great Britain -- Kings and rulers.
Great Britain -- Politics and government.
A56345 R33010 (Wing P429). civilwar no The true portraiture of the kings of England; drawn from their titles, successions, raigns and ends. Or, A short and exact historical descri Parker, Henry 1650 22163 33 5 0 0 0 0 17 C The rate of 17 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words.
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THE
TRVE
PORTRAITVRE
of
the
KINGS
OF
ENGLAND
;
Drawn
from
their
Titles
,
Successions
,
Raigns
and
Ends
.
OR
,
A
Short
and
Exact
Historical
description
of
every
King
,
with
the
Right
they
have
had
to
the
Crown
,
and
the
manner
of
their
wearing
of
it
;
especially
from
WILLIAM
the
Conqueror
.
Wherein
is
Demonstated
,
that
there
hath
been
no
direct
succession
in
the
line
to
create
an
hereditary
right
,
for
six
or
seven
hundred
yeers
;
faithfully
collected
out
of
our
best
Histories
,
and
humbly
presented
to
the
Parliament
of
England
.
By
an
impartial
Friend
to
Iustice
and
Truth
.
Psal.
146.
3.
Put
not
your
trust
in
Princes
.
Psal.
62.
9.
Men
of
high
degree
are
a
lye
;
to
be
laid
in
the
Ballance
,
they
are
altogether
lighter
then
vanitie
.
Nihil
est
imperium
ut
sapientes
definiunt
,
nisi
cura
salutis
alienae
,
Ammianus
lib.
39.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
R.
W.
for
Francis
Tyton
at
the
three
Daggers
in
Fleet-street
,
neer
the
Inner
Temple-Gate
,
1650.
To
the
READER
.
READER
,
IN
the
Study
of
Politicks
,
the
more
confident
we
are
,
commonly
the
less
proficient
we
are
.
For
there
is
no
other
study
wherein
the
Passions
of
men
do
more
impetuously
contravene
,
and
overturn
right
Reason
.
Men
born
in
popular
States
,
think
themselves
bound
to
abhor
all
Kings
,
as
being
De
genere
Bestiarum
rapacium
:
So
Rome
it self
pronounced
from
the
mouth
of
Cato
the
Censor
.
Others
on
the
contrary
born
under
Monarchs
,
speak
as
odiously
of
Democracies
,
and
make
this
reply
to
Cato
,
That
even
Rome
her self
,
when
she
plundred
a
third
part
of
the
world
,
and
graced
her
own
Captains
,
with
the
pompous
titles
of
Africanus
,
Asiaticus
,
Achaicus
,
&c.
was
as
ravenous
a
beast
as
any
other
.
See
what
strong
Byasses
wisemen
have
,
and
obey
.
The
Question
is
not
,
Whether
this
,
or
that
form
be
free
from
oppression
and
injustice
,
or
not
;
we
know
well
,
all
Forms
have
their
peculiar
advantages
,
and
disadvantages
:
and
that
at
some
times
they
all
transgress
their
own
Rules
and
Interests
,
as
it
were
by
accident
,
and
not
out
of
misconstitution
:
The
question
is
,
Whether
the
one
constitution
or
the
other
be
more
free
,
{non-Roman}
{non-Roman}
{non-Roman}
{non-Roman}
{non-Roman}
,
from
oppression
,
and
injustice
?
Now
for
solution
of
this
,
greater
light
shines
,
and
breaks
in
upon
us
from
demonstration
,
and
sensual
proof
,
then
from
Syllogisms
,
and
logical
inductions
.
Reading
assures
us
,
that
Rome
was
not
so
just
to
other
Nations
,
nor
so
constant
to
the
Interest
of
her
own
Citizens
,
when
she
was
under
Kings
and
Emperors
,
as
she
was
,
when
she
chose
her
own
Consuls
,
and
limited
Magistrates
.
T
is
as
apparent
also
at
this
day
,
that
the
people
of
Venice
,
the
German
Hans-Towns
,
Switzerland
,
the
United
Provinces
,
&c.
do
more
flourish
,
and
truly
injoy
the
due
benefits
of
Liberty
,
there
the
French
,
Turkish
,
or
any
Royalists
whatsoever
.
T
is
further
as
visible
by
the
publike
banks
of
Treasure
kept
in
Democracies
,
and
the
strange
splendor
which
Traffick
brings
to
them
beyond
Monarchies
,
that
Faith
is
not
kept
so
sacred
and
inviolable
where
one
raigns
,
as
where
Majesty
and
Supream
Power
remains
vested
in
the
people
;
and
most
sure
it
is
,
the
sanctity
and
untemerated
chastity
of
publike
Faith
is
the
best
and
firmest
basis
of
all
Government
.
To
dispute
these
things
,
is
to
undervalue
the
report
of
our
own
senses
;
and
to
deny
our
own
senses
,
is
to
deny
our selves
to
be
men
.
The
enemies
of
our
present
Government
ubraide
this
our
popular
model
,
the
rather
,
because
it
exasperates
all
our
neighbours
against
us
;
whereas
this
is
a
great
argument
for
us
,
that
our
neighbours
are
troubled
at
the
ejection
of
Monarchy
.
For
neighbours
are
more
apt
to
envie
then
pitty
:
and
the
condition
of
him
that
is
envied
,
is
far
better
then
his
that
is
pitied
.
The
main
advantage
that
commends
Hereditary
Monarchy
,
is
the
unity
of
it
,
for
that
it
is
not
so
liable
to
civil
broils
and
commotions
,
as
other
temperaments
where
the
Magistrate
is
elective
:
Yet
Reader
,
if
thou
wilt
strip
thy self
of
thy
passions
and
prejudices
,
and
peruse
this
Treatise
,
thou
shalt
see
that
even
Hereditary
Monarchy
it self
is
far
from
being
a
soveraign
,
a
remedy
against
civil
breaches
and
divisions
.
The
Author
of
this
Book
is
unknown
to
me
,
and
the
Book
it self
came
casually
to
my
hands
,
but
I
have
been
induced
to
publish
it
,
because
it
invites
thee
not
to
Precepts
,
but
Precedents
,
not
to
Disputable
but
to
visible
Politicks
.
I
need
say
no
more
;
by
the
Work
rather
then
report
judge
of
the
Author
,
and
by
Experiment
rather
then
Logick
judge
of
the
Work
.
HENRY
PARKER
.
The
true
Portraiture
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
drawn
from
their
Titles
,
Successions
,
Reigns
,
and
Ends
,
&c.
TO
treat
of
the
nature
and
difference
of
Governments
,
the
distinction
and
preheminence
of
Monarchy
,
or
Aristocracie
,
with
the
other
kinds
,
and
forms
,
which
have
,
according
to
the
temper
of
the
People
,
and
the
necessity
of
providence
,
had
their
course
in
the
world
,
will
be
useless
in
this
discourse
,
which
is
calculated
only
for
this
Nation
,
and
to
describe
not
so
much
the
Government
,
as
the
Persons
who
have
ruled
among
us
,
and
is
onely
suited
to
Monarchy
as
it
hath
had
the
sway
of
the
English
Throne
;
a
Discourse
not
so
pleasing
as
profitable
;
we
are
loth
to
have
our
old
soars
launced
,
or
to
think
of
change
,
though
it
be
of
misery
,
the
temper
of
this
Nation
being
apt
to
be
pleased
with
any
thing
that
is
stately
,
and
costly
,
though
never
so
dangerous
and
miserable
;
yet
something
must
be
said
in
generall
,
to
prepare
the
way
for
the
particulars
of
this
Treatise
,
which
is
not
intended
as
controversall
,
or
definitive
of
the
nature
of
things
,
but
meerly
practical
and
demonstrative
,
fit
for
every
eye
that
means
not
to
shut
himself
up
in
blindness
,
and
darkness
.
As
the
foundation
and
originall
of
Government
is
confest
to
be
of
equall
Antiquity
with
the
generation
and
multiplication
of
mankind
:
so
doubless
the
just
and
methodicall
use
,
and
due
management
of
it
,
is
as
necessary
to
the
well-being
of
men
,
as
the
exact
proportions
,
and
orderly
motions
of
the
Heavens
are
to
the
preservation
of
the
Globes
;
and
certainly
without
it
the
rationall
world
would
be
more
miserable
then
the
materiall
without
Sun
,
Moon
and
Stars
,
with
all
coelestiall
influences
,
which
as
they
do
beautifie
and
bespangle
the
world
,
so
they
do
preserve
it
from
returning
to
its
first
Chaos
,
and
rude
mass
of
matter
;
nothing
being
more
contrary
to
that
unity
,
and
harmony
,
which
the
God
of
nature
hath
moulded
,
and
disposed
all
things
at
first
in
,
then
disorder
,
and
confusion
,
in
which
,
as
there
is
nothing
of
a
deity
to
be
discerned
,
so
nothing
of
peace
or
happiness
can
possibly
be
found
.
And
notwithstanding
all
this
,
the
world
hath
scarce
known
what
the
natural
sweetness
and
true
benefits
of
government
are
,
but
only
as
comparative
and
rather
as
opposite
to
Anarchy
,
then
as
advancing
really
and
effectually
the
just
liberties
and
freedoms
of
societies
,
or
propagating
the
Commonwealth
of
mankind
;
for
what
through
the
ignorance
and
sloath
of
the
people
,
and
the
pride
and
ambition
of
Governors
,
the
whole
order
and
end
of
government
hath
been
inverted
,
and
subverted
,
upon
all
occasions
;
and
that
which
was
made
for
the
good
of
the
whole
,
hath
been
so
contracted
,
and
circumscribed
in
one
person
,
that
the
great
and
soveraign
use
,
and
end
of
it
,
by
practise
and
custom
,
hath
been
rather
to
set
up
the
pomp
,
and
state
of
one
man
,
and
his
Family
,
then
to
promote
or
propagate
the
profit
and
happiness
of
the
Universe
;
and
whereas
of
right
to
its
constitution
,
It
should
have
a
free
Election
as
its
originall
,
and
common
good
for
its
end
,
and
just
and
equall
Laws
for
its
rule
;
it
hath
had
usurpation
for
its
Principle
,
and
tyranny
,
and
bondage
for
its
medium
,
and
end
.
As
to
this
day
we
may
see
in
the
greatest
part
of
the
world
,
where
all
the
liberties
of
millions
of
men
of
all
sorts
of
conditions
,
and
ranks
,
are
buryed
in
the
glory
and
splendor
of
one
Family
;
through
which
narrow
channels
,
all
honor
and
justice
,
all
Law
and
reason
are
to
run
up
and
down
the
world
.
And
whereas
the
goodness
,
and
beauty
of
government
consists
in
the
harmonious
temperature
of
power
,
and
obedience
,
of
authority
,
and
liberty
,
it
hath
been
quite
otherwise
inverted
by
practise
,
and
made
apparent
to
lie
in
the
Majestie
,
and
greatness
of
the
Monarch
,
and
the
absolute
subjection
,
and
servitude
of
the
people
;
and
the
excellency
,
and
sweetness
of
it
rather
to
be
seen
in
the
presence-Chamber
,
and
the
magnificence
,
and
grandeur
of
the
Court
,
then
in
the
Courts
of
Justice
,
and
the
rich
and
flourishing
estate
of
the
Kingdom
,
nothing
being
accounted
more
politicall
,
and
glorious
,
then
to
have
the
Prince
high
,
and
the
Subjects
beggars
;
and
yet
this
Ceremoniall
way
of
Government
,
hath
took
most
place
in
the
world
,
and
got
almost
divine
adoration
,
and
hath
thrust
out
all
other
forms
of
Government
,
(
equally
sacred
with
it self
,
and
most
proportionable
to
the
nature
and
benefits
of
societies
,
and
the
Fee-simple
of
all
the
liberties
of
the
people
(
which
are
as
their
bloud
and
spirits
in
their
veins
)
sold
to
maintain
its
State
.
Besides
many
causes
,
and
grounds
of
this
degeneration
(
whereby
so
much
misery
hath
overflowed
the
Nations
of
the
world
)
I
find
two
,
which
at
present
are
principally
to
be
mentioned
;
the
first
is
the
neglect
of
a
right
sence
,
and
the
often
inculcating
the
originall
,
and
end
of
government
;
and
the
next
a
lineal
succession
,
or
continuation
of
government
,
by
a
natural
and
supposed
heirship
;
For
want
of
the
first
,
neither
the
people
know
their
own
rights
,
or
how
to
maintain
them
;
or
the
Governour
his
use
and
end
,
nor
how
to
keep
himself
within
the
just
bounds
,
and
limits
of
his
creation
;
for
what
between
the
stupidity
,
and
ignorance
of
the
people
in
not
knowing
their
primitive
priviledges
,
that
they
are
the
originall
,
and
end
of
vernment
;
and
the
pride
,
and
ambition
of
men
,
when
once
they
have
got
power
,
forget
both
how
they
came
by
it
,
and
to
what
end
they
are
distinguished
from
other
men
,
government
comes
both
to
be
usurped
,
and
tyrannicall
.
Did
the
people
but
know
that
their
choice
and
election
is
the
foundation
of
just
authority
,
&
that
none
can
rule
over
them
but
whom
they
appoint
,
they
would
not
then
be
drawn
into
controversies
and
debates
,
whether
it
be
treason
in
them
to
cast
off
a
bad
Governour
,
who
have
the
only
power
of
choosing
a
good
one
;
and
on
the
other
side
,
if
Kings
,
and
Princes
(
for
to
reduce
all
to
them
who
have
been
most
guilty
of
the
abuse
of
government
)
had
but
the
continuall
sence
of
the
root
from
whence
they
sprung
,
and
the
duties
annexed
to
their
Offices
,
they
could
not
look
on
themselves
as
rulers
,
but
tyrants
when
they
acted
for
their
own
private
Prerogative
▪
in
distinction
from
,
and
contrarie
to
the
liberties
and
freedoms
of
the
people
;
but
these
considerations
have
been
by
time
and
prescription
worn
out
of
the
mind
and
memories
of
both
,
partly
through
continual
insinuations
of
Court
Maxims
,
and
the
spirit
of
bondage
in
the
people
,
and
by
force
and
usurpation
in
the
Magistrate
,
whereby
it
hath
gone
a
long
while
for
currant
,
that
the
people
have
no
power
,
nor
the
Prince
no
account
to
give
but
to
God
,
from
whom
they
challenge
an
immediate
title
,
as
if
Kings
and
Princes
,
all
their
names
,
and
successions
were
let
down
from
Heaven
,
in
the
same
sheet
that
the
beasts
were
in
Peters
vision
,
and
had
not
their
root
in
the
earth
as
all
other
Magistrates
besides
.
We
have
had
much
ado
of
late
,
but
to
beat
off
from
these
Royal
notions
,
both
by
pens
and
swords
,
and
yet
still
they
have
too
strong
a
hold
in
most
mens
hearts
,
though
to
their
own
undoing
.
Whereas
all
men
are
equally
born
free
,
and
naturaliz'd
into
all
the
priviledges
of
freedom
and
just
liberty
,
no
man
can
obtain
a
speciall
power
over
any
,
but
either
ex
pacto
aut
scelere
,
either
by
willing
agreement
,
and
consent
,
which
is
the
right
and
just
way
of
title
,
and
most
naturall
,
or
by
conquest
,
and
usurpation
,
which
is
most
exotick
,
and
unjust
;
for
the
original
of
Kingly
power
,
in
the
Scripture
,
we
all
know
it
came
in
as
an
effect
of
the
wantonness
,
and
discontents
of
the
Israelites
,
against
that
speciall
way
of
government
God
himself
had
set
over
them
;
And
view
the
Character
God
gives
to
them
of
that
government
,
and
not
a
blessing
he
gives
them
with
it
;
for
its
rise
among
the
heathens
,
and
nations
(
which
knew
not
God
(
among
whom
that
government
most
prevail'd
;
)
it
was
certainly
first
good
,
and
grounded
on
the
exorbitancies
,
and
excess
of
other
Magistrates
,
and
a
high
opinion
of
the
justice
,
and
vertue
of
some
particluar
persons
,
as
Cicero
lib.
offic.
2.
excellently
expresseth
it
;
Mihi
quidem
non
apud
Medos
solum
(
ut
ait
Herodotus
)
sed
etiam
apud
majores
nostros
,
servandae
justiciae
causa
videntur
olim
bene
morati
Reges
constituti
:
nam
cum
premeretur
initio
multitudo
ab
iis
qui
majores
opes
habebant
,
ad
unum
aliquem
confugiebant
virtute
praestantem
.
As
if
taking
it
for
granted
that
among
all
nations
that
Preservation
,
and
execution
of
justice
,
with
injoyning
of
vertue
,
was
the
first
ground
of
the
constitution
of
Kings
;
But
they
having
got
by
their
own
goodness
chief
power
and
authority
,
use
that
favour
they
had
gained
from
their
own
deserts
,
to
advance
their
own
family
;
and
having
got
in
the
affections
of
the
people
,
through
the
sence
of
their
own
present
worth
,
what
by
power
and
force
,
and
what
by
policy
and
craft
,
got
the
same
power
entailed
on
their
heirs
,
and
so
by
custom
have
made
succession
the
onely
right
,
or
at
least
the
most
just
to
Crowns
,
and
Scepters
.
A
principle
which
hath
more
hindred
the
advance
of
Government
,
and
run
it
on
more
hazards
and
mischiefs
then
any
other
,
where
by
a
fatall
Custom
,
people
must
be
irreparably
content
with
what
they
can
finde
,
and
reducing
all
to
a
blinde
Fate
,
&
Fortune
,
be
he
good
,
or
prove
bad
,
talis
,
qualis
,
give
up
both
their
own
Wills
and
Liberties
to
such
a
succession
,
not
only
by
a
natural
necessity
,
but
a
divine
institution
:
How
the
world
came
to
be
so
blinded
,
as
thus
to
give
away
their
Rights
and
Liberties
,
and
morgage
their
understandings
,
and
freedom
,
as
bankrupts
do
their
lands
,
is
not
to
be
determined
,
but
by
supposal
of
a
judgement
of
God
,
and
an
over-reach
of
power
and
force
,
or
by
an
Ignis
fatuus
of
Policie
and
subtilty
.
For
this
naturall
and
hereditary
succession
(
which
is
now
adored
as
the
grand
title
)
if
truly
considered
,
is
nothing
else
but
a
continuation
of
conquest
,
or
a
surprisall
by
the
good
nature
of
the
people
,
when
they
have
been
either
low
,
and
in
fear
,
and
taking
advantage
of
their
high
esteem
of
some
eminent
person
,
who
hath
been
more
then
ordinary
instrumentall
to
them
,
have
got
the
people
to
convey
the
same
honor
to
their
posterity
after
them
;
the
peoples
consent
being
thus
ravished
from
them
,
It
s
made
a
law
,
both
civil
and
divine
to
after
generations
;
but
the
world
is
now
,
or
should
be
grown
wise
:
Let
us
consider
the
nature
and
use
of
this
succession
,
both
in
general
,
and
particular
,
especially
as
it
hath
been
acted
in
England
.
Among
all
the
Catalogue
of
vanities
which
Solomon
reckons
up
in
his
sacred
retractations
,
there
is
none
he
puts
such
a
character
on
,
as
for
a
man
to
spend
his
time
and
strength
in
getting
of
riches
,
and
knows
not
who
shall
succeed
him
in
the
injoyment
of
the
profit
and
good
of
his
labour
,
or
whether
he
may
be
a
wise
man
or
a
fool
;
But
what
a
misery
,
and
worse
then
vanity
is
this
,
that
the
supream
power
of
Government
(
in
the
right
execution
of
which
all
the
concernments
of
millions
of
men
are
interested
)
should
be
intailed
on
one
man
,
(
though
never
so
deserving
in
his
own
person
,
)
and
the
heirs
of
his
body
,
be
he
good
or
bad
,
a
wise
man
,
or
very
nigh
a
fool
,
and
so
all
their
happiness
depend
on
hap
and
hazard
from
generation
to
generation
?
It
cannot
be
rationally
or
spiritually
supposed
,
that
any
man
should
be
born
a
Magistrate
or
Governor
,
especially
not
successively
,
when
the
best
men
,
and
most
choise
spirits
,
who
have
had
the
highest
eminencies
of
vertue
,
and
best
improvement
of
education
,
and
natural
genius
,
are
hardly
fit
for
so
great
a
work
.
If
Kings
have
such
a
vis
formativa
in
their
loyns
,
as
to
beget
Kings
in
the
likeness
of
their
Office
,
as
children
in
the
image
of
their
natures
,
it
must
be
necessarily
supposed
,
that
they
must
generate
all
these
royall
qualifications
together
with
them
,
and
by
the
same
naturall
necessity
transfer
all
their
princely
endowments
to
them
also
.
Whereas
I
had
almost
affirmed
it
,
(
and
I
hope
no
man
can
account
it
either
Heresie
or
Treason
)
that
God
himself
cannot
intail
on
any
particular
line
of
mankinde
,
the
power
and
authority
of
Government
out
of
his
wisdom
,
and
love
to
their
happiness
(
without
he
meant
to
do
it
in
judgement
,
and
to
plague
the
world
)
and
not
give
them
sutable
and
successive
qualifications
also
,
fit
for
that
emploiment
;
It
being
Gods
use
(
according
to
his
wisdom
,
and
righteousness
)
neither
ordinarily
nor
extraordinarily
to
call
out
persons
to
any
place
,
but
he
anoints
them
with
proportionable
gifts
to
it
.
And
yet
the
poor
people
(
whom
God
hath
naturally
made
free
,
and
to
make
use
of
their
own
understandings
and
affections
for
their
own
good
)
are
by
this
succession
,
bound
up
from
the
improvement
either
of
soul
or
body
,
fain
to
be
content
with
what
they
can
get
for
present
,
and
to
shift
it
out
from
age
to
age
(
with
the
loss
of
all
opportunities
of
choice
)
only
with
what
corrupt
nature
brings
them
forth
,
which
oftentimes
travels
sorely
in
pain
with
the
curse
of
the
Fathers
who
begat
these
Governors
.
Hence
also
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
oftentimes
children
are
made
Kings
,
and
though
they
are
uncapable
at
present
for
the
actuall
exercise
of
that
office
,
yet
are
proclaimed
,
as
having
the
right
,
and
title
,
and
all
things
acted
in
their
name
,
and
the
whole
Commonwealth
,
it
may
be
of
many
Nations
,
must
wait
for
his
capacity
with
fear
and
hope
,
which
capacity
is
also
at
best
to
be
judged
by
his
years
,
rather
then
fitness
or
qualification
for
so
high
a
trust
;
and
in
the
mean
while
the
Kingdom
must
be
governed
by
some
Favorites
of
the
last
King
,
or
some
next
kinsman
to
this
;
and
while
the
King
is
thus
in
pupillage
,
we
may
well
ask
,
who
governs
the
Kingdom
?
And
yet
oftentimes
it
hath
faln
out
,
that
their
Government
hath
been
better
ordered
in
their
nonage
by
others
,
then
in
their
own
by
themselves
,
as
appears
especially
in
the
raign
of
Henry
the
third
,
and
Henry
the
sixth
,
Kings
of
England
;
the
first
being
but
nine
years
old
when
his
father
died
,
the
latter
but
nine
moneths
;
who
while
they
were
yong
,
and
under
the
protection
of
certain
wise
and
sober
men
,
the
Laws
were
administred
uprightly
,
and
with
much
Justice
;
but
when
they
themselves
came
to
the
years
of
Kingship
,
and
Prerogative
▪
so
Royalled
,
that
both
Laws
&
Liberties
were
soon
altered
and
abolished
,
as
anon
the
Reader
shall
have
a
more
exact
account
;
And
how
sad
is
it
,
that
when
Government
may
be
advanced
as
well
,
if
not
better
by
others
in
their
minority
,
without
their
presence
or
influence
,
the
world
must
be
at
such
vast
charges
for
a
title
,
and
to
maintain
it
ere
they
can
use
it
,
and
which
is
worst
,
that
when
they
come
to
exercise
it
themselves
,
should
make
their
title
the
ground
of
their
Tyranny
.
But
if
it
so
happen
(
for
its
a
meer
chance
)
▪
that
the
next
heir
prove
somewhat
more
then
ordinary
capable
,
yet
what
the
next
may
prove
,
who
knows
?
If
he
be
an
Infant
,
(
as
it
many
times
falls
out
)
then
there
must
be
patient
and
hopefull
waitings
,
to
see
what
he
will
be
when
grown
up
;
untill
that
,
there
can
be
no
further
progress
made
in
the
alteration
or
reformation
of
affairs
,
though
of
never
so
great
,
and
present
concernment
;
and
when
he
comes
to
these
years
which
Custom
pronounceth
him
capable
,
how
unreasonable
is
it
,
that
nothing
can
hinder
,
or
exclude
him
from
his
Authority
,
but
that
he
is
incapable
of
being
beg'd
for
a
fool
?
It
being
enough
,
if
he
can
koow
his
own
name
,
and
be
able
to
write
himself
Rex
,
though
he
knows
little
what
belongs
to
the
Office
,
or
relation
of
a
King
.
If
he
be
one
of
riper
years
,
and
stature
,
on
which
this
Su●●●ssion
falls
,
then
must
all
the
observation
of
his
nature
,
and
the
ominous
,
and
more
then
Astrological
aspects
of
his
constitution
,
and
education
be
forgotten
;
and
although
silenced
in
his
pretended
title
,
and
a
full
complyance
looked
after
,
though
opprest
with
never
so
many
fears
,
and
secret
wishes
of
a
more
hopefull
Governour
;
yea
,
and
though
he
hath
been
never
so
active
against
the
liberties
of
the
people
,
when
but
a
Prince
,
and
given
demonstrations
what
a
Governor
they
may
expect
,
yet
his
succession
must
be
his
qualification
,
and
indemnity
,
and
his
Title
his
vertue
.
On
this
ground
also
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
oftentimes
women
come
to
hold
the
rains
of
government
;
and
to
steer
at
the
Helm
,
as
wel
as
men
;
for
if
there
be
any
defect
of
the
male
line
,
the
female
succeeds
;
and
that
feeble
and
weaker
sex
,
whom
God
&
nature
have
ordained
to
be
onely
particular
helps
,
and
good
Subjects
,
(
only
to
keep
up
the
name
of
a
Family
)
must
be
invested
with
the
highest
authority
,
over
the
choisest
,
and
most
select
spirits
of
many
Nations
,
and
all
further
thoughts
of
bettering
the
State
of
things
utterly
extinguish'd
by
a
female
pretence
.
And
which
is
most
desperate
by
this
succession
,
(
and
its
plea
of
the
only
and
absolute
right
)
the
fundamental
liberties
of
the
people
are
not
onely
insensibly
undermined
,
but
absolutely
rooted
up
,
and
that
birth-right
priviledge
of
the
people
,
their
Election
and
choice
,
then
which
,
they
have
nothing
more
naturall
,
and
which
is
far
more
hereditary
to
them
and
theirs
,
then
by
all
the
Laws
of
God
▪
nature
,
and
reason
,
Crowns
can
be
to
Kings
and
their
heirs
,
is
quite
extinguished
;
For
pass
by
the
first
King
,
(
who
it
may
be
as
with
us
it
hath
been
,
came
in
by
Conquest
)
you
must
go
back
in
some
Kingdoms
five
hundred
,
in
others
a
thousand
years
,
ere
you
can
but
recover
the
clear
notion
of
a
free
election
(
wherin
the
peoples
power
and
priveledge
is
alone
and
peculiarly
seen
)
and
yet
that
so
faintly
and
hardly
extorted
from
them
,
as
great
loans
of
mony
from
a
cruel
miser
,
without
use
or
advantage
;
and
though
Election
must
be
acknowledged
at
last
,
the
first
just
ground
of
government
,
yet
custom
in
successions
soon
wears
out
its
right
,
and
transfers
it
on
the
next
bloud
;
And
though
in
England
it
appears
by
the
Coronation
Oath
,
that
there
is
even
in
succession
a
kind
of
election
,
yet
it
s
so
limited
in
the
line
,
that
it
s
as
good
as
nothing
,
and
so
weak
and
implicitely
manifested
,
that
it
s
but
a
meer
customary
Ceremony
,
which
always
is
pursued
by
the
natural
title
,
and
onely
used
to
deceive
the
people
,
and
as
a
step
to
the
further
confirmation
of
a
more
fundamentall
,
and
sure
right
;
and
its
easie
to
demonstrate
it
;
for
our
Kings
soon
forget
it
,
ere
they
come
from
Westminster
to
Whitehall
,
or
from
the
chair
of
Inauguration
to
the
Presence
Chamber
.
In
a
word
,
what
gives
all
this
ground
of
such
an
inevitable
and
successively
insensible
incroachment
on
the
laws
and
liberties
of
Nations
,
but
this
lineall
title
,
whereby
the
Son
without
remedy
goes
on
where
the
Father
left
off
,
and
by
a
divine
pretence
seiseth
on
what
by
nature
is
due
to
the
meanest
subject
,
as
to
himself
?
And
what
makes
the
present
Kings
so
daring
,
and
venturous
to
raise
their
own
prerogative
,
but
this
,
that
that
they
know
there
can
be
no
alienation
of
the
Crown
from
his
heirs
,
and
that
they
may
make
it
better
(
that
is
more
tyrannicall
?
)
but
surer
they
cannot
:
And
thus
there
is
a
constant
hope
,
and
possibility
,
by
continuation
and
propagation
of
principles
,
and
designs
,
backed
with
title
,
and
authority
,
that
what
cannot
be
done
in
one
Kings
reign
,
may
be
done
in
the
next
,
and
so
on
;
For
the
minds
of
Princes
are
not
usually
contracted
,
or
contented
with
present
enjoyments
;
especially
if
there
be
any
restraint
on
their
wills
,
or
more
of
heighth
,
or
advancement
to
be
attained
unto
.
Yea
,
this
is
one
of
the
main
reasons
(
that
in
our
times
can
be
rendred
)
why
we
have
had
such
uneven
actings
,
and
such
strange
alterations
in
several
Kings
Raigns
;
the
principles
,
and
laws
,
the
people
have
been
always
the
same
,
who
are
capable
of
small
or
no
variation
or
change
,
but
as
higher
,
and
supream
influences
move
them
,
of
which
none
hath
been
so
powerfull
as
Princes
,
who
as
they
are
Stars
of
the
first
magnitude
,
so
of
the
strongest
operations
;
and
though
the
people
be
compared
to
the
Sea
,
yet
as
the
Sea
,
they
have
no
turbulent
motion
of
their
own
,
but
what
is
occasioned
by
violent
and
uncertain
winds
;
but
the
great
change
hath
been
by
the
temper
,
and
actings
of
Princes
,
and
commonly
the
next
successor
hath
been
the
omen
and
fate
of
the
times
;
if
any
way
good
,
then
the
Nation
smiled
,
and
his
raign
began
the
Spring
;
if
probable
,
there
was
hopes
;
and
yet
both
these
at
first
promised
,
but
at
length
frustrated
;
and
however
the
beginnings
were
,
yet
the
succession
of
acts
demonstrated
how
the
title
was
created
;
for
untill
they
have
made
their
succession
sure
,
none
have
been
more
fair
,
and
promising
,
but
afterwards
both
Laws
and
Liberties
,
like
favourites
,
have
been
advanced
ad
placitum
;
and
what
they
have
got
an
interest
in
by
nature
,
that
by
prerogative
they
have
centred
in
their
own
proper
persons
,
even
the
most
fundamentall
priviledges
of
the
people
,
and
have
only
granted
Leases
unto
the
people
of
their
own
inheritances
,
and
dated
them
not
for
life
(
which
would
have
been
too
great
a
mercy
)
but
as
long
as
the
Royall
pleasure
lasts
,
which
changes
alwayes
with
advantages
.
Yea
,
by
this
succession
Tyranny
is
so
intailed
,
and
all
things
so
necessarily
acted
,
as
if
the
Prince
were
not
onely
the
civil
,
but
natural
Parent
of
the
people
,
and
that
Kings
had
begot
the
people
as
so
many
Bastards
to
obey
,
as
they
do
beget
one
lawfully
to
raign
over
them
.
It
s
too
well
known
,
that
good
and
wise
men
are
the
fewest
of
the
sons
of
men
,
and
are
commonly
pickt
out
here
,
and
there
,
as
rich
pearls
on
the
shoar
of
violent
torrents
;
but
to
expect
in
one
Line
,
and
Family
,
a
succession
of
good
,
wise
,
and
governing
men
,
is
almost
as
probable
to
Christians
,
as
to
expect
Mahomets
second
coming
among
the
Turks
,
after
so
many
hundred
years
delusion
;
and
although
it
must
be
acknowledged
,
that
there
have
been
some
good
Kings
,
yet
they
have
been
so
few
,
that
as
their
names
from
the
beginning
of
the
world
can
hardly
make
up
the
Dominical
letters
in
the
Almanack
,
or
possibly
supply
the
Holydayes
in
the
year
,
so
a
little
goodness
hath
gon
far
,
and
at
the
best
we
shall
finde
it
but
comparative
;
good
Kings
instead
of
better
Governors
,
as
some
of
the
Roman
Cesars
,
chose
those
to
succeed
them
who
were
worse
then
themselves
,
that
they
might
commend
,
and
set
off
their
own
Raign
,
though
tyrannicall
enough
in
it self
;
and
we
may
without
any
passion
demonstrate
,
that
the
design
by
succession
hath
been
rather
to
keep
up
the
Governors
,
and
palliate
their
vices
,
then
ever
to
maintain
or
highthen
the
glory
,
and
splendor
,
or
carry
on
the
benefit
of
the
Government
it Self
in
the
execution
of
good
and
righteous
Laws
.
But
to
come
nigher
home
,
and
leave
generals
(
granting
Succession
in
it self
to
be
a
good
title
)
let
us
view
without
partiality
,
the
succession
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
whereby
they
plead
their
title
to
the
Crown
,
and
we
shall
find
in
our
Histories
,
that
nothing
hath
been
more
commonly
interrupted
,
then
a
succession
of
the
next
Heir
;
and
for
this
seaven
or
eight
hundred
years
(
if
not
more
)
we
have
not
had
succession
continued
in
any
even
line
or
just
right
,
and
no
title
was
ever
more
broken
,
and
unjust
,
then
of
our
Kings
,
if
they
make
a
Lineall
,
and
Hereditary
succession
the
foundation
of
their
right
;
Let
us
look
but
a
little
back
to
those
which
preceded
the
Norman
race
,
especially
among
the
Saxons
and
Danes
,
the
ancient
competitors
for
the
Government
of
this
Nation
,
and
it
will
appear
,
that
the
right
Heir
hath
been
commonly
past
by
;
and
Strangers
or
Usurpers
preferred
;
to
go
no
further
back
then
to
Alfred
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
and
the
twenty
fourth
Monarch
of
the
Englishmen
;
as
soon
as
he
died
,
Athelstan
his
Bastard
was
preferred
before
his
legitimate
son
Edmond
,
&
after
him
got
his
own
brother
Edmond
to
succeed
him
;
and
though
this
Edmond
left
two
sons
,
Edwin
,
and
Edgar
,
yet
as
he
&
his
former
brother
had
usurped
the
Goverment
,
so
Edred
his
brother
stept
into
the
Throne
,
and
put
them
by
until
he
had
finished
his
Raign
,
&
then
they
took
their
turns
;
Edwin
first
,
and
Edgar
after
him
;
this
Edgar
had
two
wives
,
Ethelfled
his
first
,
and
Elfrida
the
second
:
by
the
first
he
had
issue
,
Edward
,
sirnamed
the
Martyr
,
who
succeeded
his
father
in
title
;
but
having
hardly
felt
the
Crown
warm
,
and
fast
on
his
head
,
was
cruelly
murthered
,
to
make
way
for
the
second
wives
son
Ethelred
who
succeeded
him
,
as
Daniel
well
expresseth
it
,
whose
entrance
into
his
Raign
was
blood
,
the
middle
misery
,
and
the
end
confusion
;
and
though
he
left
his
son
Edmond
,
sirnamed
Ironside
,
to
succeed
him
,
yet
Canutus
the
Dane
by
compact
got
half
of
the
Kingdom
from
him
,
and
soon
after
the
whole
,
setting
up
his
Danish
title
,
and
murthering
the
two
sons
Edmund
had
left
,
with
his
brother
Edwin
,
that
no
further
pretence
might
be
made
by
them
of
their
title
;
and
now
come
the
Danes
to
convey
their
title
by
▪
Canutus
;
and
yet
Harold
his
bastard
gets
the
Crown
before
Hardicanute
,
who
was
his
legitimate
son
;
and
among
these
three
Kings
(
for
the
Government
under
the
Danes
continued
but
twenty
six
years
,
and
only
under
these
three
was
aone
Usurper
,
&
immediatly
interrupted
the
right
of
succession
.
And
the
Danes
Government
being
ended
,
which
was
but
an
intervall
of
conquest
)
the
Saxons
regain
their
title
;
and
Edward
,
called
the
Confessor
,
the
seventh
son
of
Elthelred
(
who
came
in
with
the
murther
of
the
right
heir
)
being
kept
as
a
reserve
in
Normandy
)
is
elected
King
,
and
the
Saxons
title
now
begins
to
revive
,
but
soon
it
s
extinguished
,
not
onely
by
the
Norman
pretence
▪
but
by
the
next
successor
,
Harold
the
second
,
son
to
Goodwin
,
Earl
of
Kent
,
who
came
in
with
the
expulsion
of
Edgar
Athlings
the
proper
successor
.
And
with
Harold
ended
the
Saxon
race
,
which
had
lasted
about
five
hundred
years
,
after
the
coming
in
of
Hengist
,
and
their
Plantation
in
this
Kingdom
;
and
yet
you
see
what
have
been
the
titles
successively
of
these
former
Kings
,
wherein
the
Line
hath
not
onely
been
now
and
then
through
force
and
violence
cut
off
and
discontinued
,
but
usurpation
solemnized
with
as
much
ceremony
as
any
natural
pretence
:
but
these
Instances
are
but
as
representations
of
objects
afar
off
,
which
may
seem
otherwise
then
they
are
;
we
will
go
on
and
review
the
title
of
our
Kings
from
William
the
Norman
,
Sirnamed
the
Conqueror
,
and
by
whom
,
not
onely
the
line
,
but
all
the
whole
fram
of
Laws
and
Liberties
were
not
onely
curtail'd
but
changed
;
for
though
in
the
raigns
of
the
former
Kings
,
every
Conqueror
made
his
impression
,
and
drew
his
Picture
in
England
,
yet
never
was
the
whole
Scene
of
State
changed
untill
now
,
and
a
new
Modell
so
peremptorily
(
and
without
repeal
)
introduced
,
as
by
him
:
The
first
jus
,
or
right
of
his
title
(
the
onely
foundation
of
all
the
rest
of
our
latter
Kings
(
we
all
know
was
by
meer
Conquest
,
which
as
it
is
a
disseisin
in
Law
,
so
an
unjust
title
in
Reason
,
and
common
to
one
as
unto
another
:
yet
he
though
a
Bastard
,
(
and
so
had
less
title
to
his
Dukedom
then
to
England
which
he
won
by
the
Sword
)
made
himself
the
principal
of
that
divine
Succession
we
now
stand
upon
,
and
all
our
Kings
have
no
other
pretence
then
by
the
succession
of
his
Sword
;
and
certainly
,
if
the
Fountain
,
and
Head-Spring
be
corrupt
,
the
stream
cannot
be
Christall
and
pure
;
and
yet
(
as
Baron
Thorpe
declares
in
his
Charge
given
at
the
Assizes
holden
at
Yorke
the
twentieth
of
March
,
1648.
and
now
in
Print
)
of
all
these
twenty
four
Kings
,
which
have
King'd
it
amongst
us
since
that
William
,
there
are
but
seven
of
them
that
could
pretend
legalty
to
succeed
their
former
predecessors
,
either
by
lineal
,
or
collaterall
title
,
(
and
he
might
have
contracted
that
number
,
and
have
been
modest
enough
.
)
But
that
the
Reader
may
not
be
prejudiced
,
or
wrap
up
his
understanding
in
any
expression
,
let
him
but
follow
the
discents
of
the
Kings
of
England
in
the
line
,
(
and
pardon
the
first
strange
and
exotick
way
of
right
)
and
he
will
discover
,
that
as
the
first
title
was
created
by
force
,
so
the
succession
hath
been
continued
by
usurpation
.
Speed
(
too
Royall
a
Writer
)
gives
us
a
hint
to
go
on
upon
in
the
Life
of
Henry
the
Fourth
,
page
746.
(
asketh
by
way
of
Interrogation
)
What
right
had
Will
,
the
Conqueror
,
the
Father
of
all
our
glorious
Tyrants
?
What
right
(
we
speak
,
saith
he
,
of
a
right
of
equity
)
had
his
son
William
Rufus
,
and
Henry
the
first
,
while
their
elder
brother
lived
?
and
so
he
goes
on
.
But
to
give
a
more
particular
account
to
the
Reader
,
how
▪
every
King
came
to
his
Crown
,
Let
us
begin
with
the
first
of
the
first
.
After
that
the
first
William
,
who
laid
the
foundation
of
his
right
in
the
blood
of
the
English
,
had
left
this
world
,
as
well
as
his
Kingdom
,
great
strivings
there
were
who
should
succeed
;
and
though
he
left
three
sons
,
Robert
,
William
,
and
Henry
,
yet
could
leave
but
one
Heir
,
which
was
Robert
;
yet
William
surnamed
Rufus
,
gets
the
crown
set
on
his
head
,
notwithstanding
the
elder
brothers
title
,
and
though
Robert
fights
for
his
right
,
yet
being
too
weak
in
the
field
,
is
fore't
to
a
composition
,
on
these
terms
that
he
should
injoy
it
after
his
decease
,
if
he
hapned
to
survive
;
and
yet
notwithstanding
,
Henry
the
youngest
brother
(
called
Henry
the
first
)
steps
in
,
and
makes
use
of
his
brothers
absence
to
set
up
himself
in
his
place
;
and
Robert
yet
surviving
,
he
weares
it
in
his
stead
,
and
however
he
strove
to
regain
his
right
,
he
at
last
was
fain
to
yield
up
,
not
only
his
title
,
but
his
person
to
Henry
,
who
not
only
unjustly
excluded
him
from
the
succession
to
the
Kingdom
,
but
cruelly
put
out
his
eyes
that
he
might
only
feel
his
misery
,
and
never
see
his
remedy
.
The
line
male
of
the
Conqueror
is
now
extinct
,
as
well
as
it
was
irregularly
diverted
;
as
William
got
his
right
by
his
Sword
,
so
all
his
successors
maintained
it
in
imitation
of
him
,
rather
then
by
any
legal
pretence
they
could
derive
from
him
.
But
Henry
the
first
(
though
▪
he
had
come
in
over
the
back
of
his
elder
brother
)
that
he
might
make
more
sure
work
for
a
succession
,
wanting
issue
male
living
,
pitcheth
on
Maud
his
daughter
,
formerly
married
to
the
Emperor
Henry
the
fourth
,
who
left
her
a
widow
,
and
died
without
issue
;
and
having
sworn
all
the
Nobility
(
especially
Stephen
)
to
her
,
ordained
her
&
her
issue
to
be
his
successors
in
Englands
▪
Throne
,
and
married
her
again
to
Jeoffrey
Plantagenet
,
the
son
and
heir
apparent
of
Fulk
,
then
Earl
of
Anjou
,
by
whom
she
had
three
sons
,
Henry
,
Jeffrey
,
and
William
;
to
Henry
the
Crown
belonged
as
next
heir
after
his
mother
(
by
the
usurped
title
of
his
father
,
)
yet
Stephen
,
Earl
of
Mortain
,
and
Bulloign
,
son
to
Adelincia
the
third
daughter
of
William
the
Conqueror
,
by
Maud
his
wife
,
(
notwithstanding
his
oath
to
the
last
King
)
gets
the
Crown
set
on
his
own
head
,
and
excludes
her
,
and
her
issue
for
the
present
;
yet
after
he
died
,
Henry
,
called
the
second
,
sirnamed
Shortmantle
,
though
his
mother
was
alive
,
enjoys
it
.
This
Henry
had
six
sons
,
William
,
Henry
Richard
,
Jeoffrey
,
Philip
,
John
;
the
two
first
dying
,
Richard
the
third
son
,
the
first
of
that
name
,
Sirnamed
Ceur
de
Lyon
succeeded
his
father
;
this
Richard
dying
without
issue
,
his
yongest
brother
John
usurps
the
Crown
,
notwithstanding
Jeoffrey
his
elder
brother
had
left
a
young
son
,
named
Arthur
Plantaganet
King
of
Brittain
,
who
was
heir
apparant
to
the
Crown
;
and
after
he
dyed
,
Henry
his
son
the
third
of
that
name
succeedes
him
,
though
Arthurs
sister
was
then
alive
,
(
though
in
prison
)
who
was
next
to
the
title
(
such
as
it
was
)
;
after
him
Edward
sirnamed
Longshankes
,
called
Edward
the
first
,
layes
hold
on
the
Crown
and
wore
it
with
much
majesty
,
and
after
him
Edward
the
second
his
son
goes
on
,
but
still
on
the
old
account
,
and
on
the
ruine
of
the
most
proper
heirs
;
this
Edward
was
deposed
by
the
Parliament
for
his
ill
government
as
anon
shall
be
more
fully
related
;
and
his
son
Edward
the
third
of
that
name
set
up
in
his
room
;
after
him
followed
Richard
the
second
,
son
to
the
black
Prince
,
who
was
also
deposed
,
after
whose
dethroning
,
Henry
called
the
fourth
,
son
to
John
of
Gant
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
and
uncle
to
the
former
King
,
snatcheth
up
the
Crown
,
though
of
right
it
,
was
to
discend
to
Edmund
Mortimer
,
Earle
of
March
,
the
son
and
heir
of
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
the
third
son
of
Edward
the
third
,
and
an
elder
brother
of
John
Duke
of
Lancaster
;
and
thus
we
have
nothing
hitherto
,
but
interruption
,
and
usurpation
;
and
those
which
in
their
own
reigns
can
pretend
a
divine
title
by
succession
,
which
must
not
be
altered
,
can
for
their
advantage
put
by
the
succession
of
the
issue
of
others
.
But
to
go
on
,
Here
now
began
the
bloody
wars
,
and
contests
between
the
house
of
Lancaster
,
and
York
which
made
the
world
to
ring
of
the
misery
of
the
civill
wars
of
England
,
and
all
about
a
title
,
and
neither
of
them
(
if
seriously
weighed
)
had
a
right
title
by
succession
,
if
the
first
title
of
their
Ancestors
were
to
be
the
originall
;
But
that
custome
might
be
the
best
right
,
he
got
in
his
son
Henry
,
who
was
the
fifth
of
that
name
,
to
succeed
;
and
his
son
Henry
the
sixt
(
though
an
infant
)
takes
his
place
,
untill
Edward
Duke
of
York
overthrew
his
Army
in
the
battle
at
Towton
Field
,
and
got
him
deposed
,
and
was
proclaimed
King
by
the
name
of
Edward
the
fourth
,
though
the
title
had
been
carried
on
in
the
House
of
Lancaster
thorow
three
discents
;
thus
favor
,
and
fortune
,
not
lineall
succession
alwayes
gave
the
best
title
;
this
Edward
left
two
sons
behind
him
,
(
to
maintain
the
succession
of
the
House
of
York
)
Edward
and
Richard
Duke
of
York
and
five
daughters
.
His
eldest
Son
Edward
who
was
the
fifth
of
that
name
,
succeeded
him
in
claim
,
&
title
,
but
rather
lived
then
raigned
(
being
an
infant
)
had
never
any
actuall
exercise
of
his
government
;
for
Ric.
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
Uncle
to
this
Infant
,
and
made
his
Protector
,
that
he
might
set
up
himself
,
causeth
both
the
young
titular
King
,
&
his
Brother
,
(
these
two
Royall
Infants
)
to
be
barbarously
murthered
in
their
beds
,
and
so
wears
the
Crown
himself
,
by
the
name
of
Richard
the
Third
,
untill
Henry
Earl
of
Richmond
(
a
twigg
of
a
Bastard
of
John
of
Gaunt
)
by
his
valour
at
Bosworth
field
,
having
overthrown
his
Army
,
slew
the
Tyrant
himself
,
and
created
by
his
sword
(
for
other
he
had
none
)
a
new
title
to
himself
,
and
was
Crowned
King
,
by
the
name
of
Henry
the
Seventh
,
who
,
what
by
his
power
and
by
a
marriage
of
the
Lady
Eliz.
the
eldest
daughter
of
Ed.
the
Fourth
,
confirmed
his
succession
,
&
from
him
do
all
our
later
Princes
derive
their
Title
,
as
Henry
the
Eighth
,
Edward
the
Sixth
,
Queen
Mary
,
Queen
Elizabeth
,
King
James
,
and
our
last
Tyrant
Charls
.
This
Henry
,
the
foundation
of
our
great
ones
,
was
himself
but
a
private
man
,
who
as
Speed
says
,
had
scarce
any
thing
of
a
just
title
,
or
of
a
warrantable
intention
,
but
to
remove
an
Usurper
;
besides
there
were
many
naturall
heirs
of
the
house
of
York
which
were
children
of
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
George
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Richards
elder
brother
,
who
had
better
right
:
but
when
once
a
title
is
made
,
it
must
be
maintained
,
and
if
it
can
but
get
thorow
two
or
three
Successors
,
it
s
presently
proclaimed
to
be
jure
divino
,
and
pleaded
as
the
onely
just
title
and
right
.
Thus
you
have
a
faithfull
,
and
true
account
of
the
succession
of
our
Norman
Monarchs
;
we
can
onely
say
we
have
had
so
many
persons
raigning
,
and
as
Kings
of
England
;
but
for
a
title
by
lineal
succession
,
there
is
none
,
but
what
every
man
may
make
aswell
as
any
man
,
and
what
is
as
proper
to
a
stranger
,
as
to
an
heir
;
power
,
and
favour
,
murther
and
deceit
being
the
most
common
principles
of
the
right
of
most
of
our
Kings
to
their
government
over
us
.
If
it
be
asked
,
as
Speed
doth
,
What
right
had
William
the
Conqueror
?
then
it
must
follow
,
What
right
had
all
the
rest
?
but
supposing
his
right
,
What
right
had
these
,
who
so
many
times
cut
off
the
line
,
and
made
themselves
the
Stock
of
future
succession
?
and
what
misery
is
it
that
this
broken
and
usurped
title
must
still
be
forced
on
us
,
even
by
an
Ecclesiasticall
,
and
Divine
Institution
,
who
have
now
a
way
of
redeeming
our
liberties
,
and
bettering
our
conditions
,
and
following
the
direct
line
of
just
and
true
titles
,
the
Election
and
choice
of
the
people
?
Is
not
five
or
six
hundred
year
enough
for
England
to
be
under
the
succession
of
a
Norman
Bastard
(
pardon
the
expression
,
its
true
though
plain
)
and
to
be
sold
with
all
its
liberties
,
from
usurpation
to
usurpation
,
as
well
as
from
generation
to
generation
?
I
need
not
be
very
zealous
in
application
,
the
history
is
enough
to
make
all
wise
men
consider
,
by
whom
we
have
all
this
while
been
governed
,
and
upon
what
terms
;
How
tyranny
and
usurpation
comes
to
be
adored
,
if
it
have
but
a
royall
name
added
to
it
.
Shall
the
Parliament
of
England
be
now
blamed
for
cutting
off
that
race
of
usurpers
and
tyrants
,
and
reducing
affairs
to
their
first
naturall
and
right
principle
;
or
will
the
people
of
England
after
all
their
experiences
,
centre
their
liberties
and
freedoms
in
a
customary
usurpation
of
succession
,
and
lose
their
Common-wealth
for
the
personall
glory
of
a
young
Pretender
?
especially
,
when
they
have
fought
against
the
Father
,
and
cut
him
off
as
a
Tyrant
,
endeavour
to
set
up
the
Son
to
follow
on
both
the
first
cause
,
and
revenge
,
meerly
because
he
was
supposed
to
be
proceeded
of
his
polluted
loyns
:
this
blindness
will
be
our
misery
,
and
endear
us
to
a
more
perfect
and
more
tyrannicall
slavery
then
ever
yet
England
felt
.
But
to
go
on
,
the
Reader
hath
seen
what
a
line
we
have
had
in
England
,
and
how
pure
a
title
our
Kings
have
had
to
their
Crowns
;
Le
ts
now
but
have
patience
to
view
their
actings
successively
,
and
yet
shortly
,
and
we
shall
better
guess
of
their
right
by
their
raigns
;
for
though
one
would
think
that
they
should
endeavour
to
make
good
a
bad
title
by
a
good
raign
,
yet
it
hath
been
far
otherwise
;
every
man
having
made
his
right
by
force
,
maintained
it
by
tyranny
;
and
when
they
have
gotten
power
,
never
remembered
how
,
or
to
what
end
they
attained
it
;
if
we
look
back
again
,
and
make
a
new
and
strict
survey
of
their
severall
actings
in
their
Government
,
and
go
over
every
Kings
head
since
Willam
the
Conqueror
,
we
shall
not
much
mistake
if
we
pass
by
Turkie
,
Russia
,
the
Moors
,
and
yet
call
Englands
Kings
Tyrants
,
and
their
Subjects
Slaves
;
and
however
in
the
theory
,
and
System
it
have
been
limited
,
and
bounded
by
good
and
distinguishing
Laws
,
yet
in
the
exercise
and
practique
part
almost
of
every
Kings
Raign
,
we
shall
find
it
deserve
as
bad
a
name
as
others
who
are
called
most
absolute
;
for
the
Laws
and
Priviledges
which
this
poor
Nation
hath
enjoyed
,
as
they
have
been
but
complementally
granted
for
the
most
part
,
and
with
much
design
,
so
they
have
ever
(
upon
any
occasion
)
proved
but
weak
and
low
hedges
against
the
Spring-tides
,
and
Land
floods
of
the
Prerogative
of
the
Prince
,
which
hath
always
gained
more
on
the
priviledges
of
the
people
,
then
ever
the
Sea
by
all
its
washing
and
beatings
of
its
boysterous
and
unmerciful
waves
hath
gained
on
the
Land
;
for
if
at
any
time
the
poor
Commons
(
through
much
strugling
,
and
a
good
and
present
necessitous
mood
of
the
Prince
)
have
got
off
any
present
oppressions
,
and
forced
out
the
promise
for
enacting
of
any
good
and
seasonable
Laws
:
yet
either
the
next
advantage
,
or
at
least
the
next
successor
,
hath
been
sure
,
either
to
silence
,
or
diannul
it
,
and
incroached
upon
it
;
and
never
was
Priviledge
or
good
Law
enacted
,
or
gained
to
the
people
,
but
by
hard
pressure
of
the
Subject
,
and
with
a
predominant
ingredient
of
the
Kings
advantage
,
and
still
rather
out
of
courtesie
then
right
.
We
shall
finde
also
that
England
for
three
or
four
hundred
years
together
(
some
lucida
intervalla
excepted
)
hath
been
a
stage
of
blood
,
and
the
astonishment
of
all
Nations
in
civil
wars
,
and
that
meerly
,
either
for
the
clearing
of
the
title
to
the
Crown
(
which
yet
at
last
was
onely
made
lawfull
by
the
prevailing
power
,
and
as
soon
made
illegall
when
another
side
got
the
better
)
or
else
by
the
Subject
and
Barons
,
taking
up
arms
to
defend
themselves
,
and
make
Rampiers
(
if
possible
)
against
the
inundation
of
Prerogative
,
and
rather
preserving
,
then
obtaining
any
additions
of
liberties
,
and
yet
they
were
commonly
defeated
at
last
;
for
if
for
the
present
by
some
eminent
advantage
,
they
got
a
little
ground
,
they
soon
lost
it
again
by
royal
stratagems
,
and
were
either
forced
,
or
complemented
▪
into
their
old
miseries
,
with
a
worse
remembrance
of
former
actings
.
But
to
enter
into
the
particulars
of
this
sad
Story
:
All
men
know
(
or
may
)
the
tyrannical
domination
of
that
first
William
,
who
behaved
himself
as
a
Conqueror
indeed
,
and
a
most
perfect
tyrant
(
since
whom
we
have
never
had
an
English
man
,
but
one
,
who
hath
been
naturalized
by
the
succession
of
his
Conquest
as
King
of
England
)
he
presently
changed
most
of
our
Laws
,
especially
those
wherein
the
English
liberties
were
most
transparent
,
and
preserved
,
and
made
new
Laws
,
and
those
which
he
left
,
writ
them
all
in
French
;
disweaponed
all
the
Natives
,
sent
the
children
of
the
best
,
and
most
faithful
of
the
Nobility
into
Normandy
as
Hostages
,
and
the
most
gallant
of
the
English
were
transported
by
him
into
France
to
serve
his
wars
,
that
he
might
extinguish
their
Families
;
he
advanced
his
Normans
into
all
places
of
the
Nation
,
and
kept
them
as
a
guard
over
the
English
;
brought
in
the
cruel
Forrest
Laws
,
and
dispeopled
for
thirty
miles
together
in
Hampshire
,
pulling
down
many
Towns
,
and
Villages
,
with
Churches
,
Chappels
,
and
Gentlemens
Houses
,
making
it
a
Forrest
for
wilde
beasts
,
(
which
is
ever
since
named
the
New
Forrest
,
but
was
the
old
ensign
of
our
misery
and
slavery
)
he
laid
on
innumerable
taxes
,
and
made
Laws
royal
,
very
severe
,
and
in
an
unknown
Language
,
that
the
English
offending
might
forfeit
their
states
and
lands
to
him
,
which
they
often
did
,
through
ignorance
:
But
alas
,
what
need
I
mention
these
?
who
ever
reads
but
our
Histories
,
(
and
the
most
favorable
▪
and
fawning
Royalist
)
will
see
more
then
now
can
be
expressed
;
and
yet
here
is
the
first
fruits
of
our
Kings
and
of
their
righteous
title
,
whose
succession
hath
been
as
much
in
tyranny
after
him
,
as
in
title
:
and
yet
we
must
,
by
a
sacred
obligation
be
bound
to
maintain
with
our
blood
,
and
lives
,
the
branches
of
this
rotten
root
,
notwithstanding
all
the
providential
,
and
divine
opportunities
of
casting
off
that
miserable
yoak
which
our
forefathers
,
so
sadly
groaned
under
,
and
would
have
triumphed
in
the
pouring
out
their
blood
(
which
they
shed
freely
,
but
to
little
purpose
)
but
to
have
foreseen
their
childrens
children
might
have
but
the
hopes
of
attaining
to
.
But
although
William
the
first
made
sure
his
Conquest
to
his
own
person
,
yet
by
his
tyranny
he
gave
ground
of
designs
,
and
hopes
of
recovery
after
his
death
,
&
therefore
the
people
who
but
murmured
and
mourned
in
secret
formerly
,
consider
now
their
condition
,
and
that
Robert
the
right
heir
was
wanting
,
and
his
second
son
endeavored
to
be
set
up
,
begin
to
capitulate
,
and
repeat
their
former
grievances
,
and
to
stand
upon
their
terms
,
with
the
next
Successors
;
But
William
Rufus
who
longed
for
the
Crown
,
and
saw
what
advantage
he
had
by
his
brothers
absence
,
through
the
mediation
of
Lanke-Frank
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
(
a
man
for
his
vertue
and
learning
in
great
esteem
with
the
people
)
got
himself
to
be
accepted
,
and
crowned
King
(
with
exclusion
of
his
elder
brother
)
by
fair
promises
,
and
engagements
to
repeal
his
fathers
Laws
,
and
of
promoting
the
liberties
of
the
English
(
any
probability
being
then
taking
to
the
poor
people
.
)
But
no
sooner
had
he
got
the
Crown
fastned
on
his
head
,
(
and
defeated
his
brother
in
battle
)
but
he
forgat
all
his
own
promises
,
follows
directly
his
fathers
steps
,
grows
excessive
covetous
,
lays
on
intolerable
taxes
,
and
merciless
exactions
,
returns
their
longings
,
and
hopes
after
their
just
libertie
into
a
sad
bondage
and
slavery
.
The
poor
people
having
thus
smarted
for
their
credulity
,
&
renewing
their
sense
of
their
misery
,
under
the
two
former
tyrants
,
take
heart
once
again
,
and
refuse
to
admit
any
after
his
death
,
until
(
as
Judge
Thorpe
well
expresseth
it
in
that
forementioned
discourse
)
they
were
cheated
into
a
second
election
of
Hen.
the
first
,
his
youngest
brother
;
for
the
people
standing
for
their
Liberties
(
and
yet
,
alas
,
but
negatively
,
rather
to
be
freed
from
excess
of
oppression
,
then
knowing
what
true
freedom
was
)
having
felt
the
misery
of
their
loss
in
the
two
former
persons
(
shall
I
call
them
Kings
?
)
Raign
;
denied
any
consent
to
another
person
of
that
stock
without
solemn
capitulations
,
and
covenants
to
settle
just
Laws
,
and
to
ingage
for
the
execution
of
them
,
with
abrogation
of
all
former
mischievous
and
inconvenient
ones
,
(
which
Matthew
Paris
calls
unworthily
,
a
Politique
,
but
trayterous
way
of
capitulating
.
)
Whereupon
Henry
,
who
had
nothing
of
title
,
made
friends
by
his
engagements
,
and
Roberts
absence
in
the
Holy-land
,
and
doth
absolutely
promise
to
begin
all
anew
,
constitute
just
laws
,
reform
his
Fathers
,
and
brothers
exorbitancies
,
and
to
be
as
a
Nursing
Father
both
to
Church
and
State
;
these
fair
insinuations
got
him
the
Crown
,
though
Robert
was
to
have
it
first
by
his
own
right
,
and
next
by
his
Brothers
Covenant
and
Will
.
And
that
he
might
not
seem
altogether
disproportionable
to
his
engagement
,
the
first
action
of
his
government
was
to
bait
the
people
,
and
sugar
their
subjection
,
as
his
predecessor
in
the
like
interposition
had
done
,
but
with
more
moderation
and
advisedness
;
but
having
once
secured
his
title
from
his
Brothers
jus
,
and
setled
some
affairs
abroad
,
began
much
after
the
old
strain
,
(
yet
not
altogether
so
violent
)
yet
these
cruel
and
savage
Laws
of
the
forrest
he
revived
,
and
put
in
execution
,
yea
,
urged
as
the
most
fundamentall
Law
of
the
Realm
,
and
many
sore
in
positions
he
levied
(
which
the
people
were
not
able
to
bear
;
)
that
these
two
sons
,
though
they
ended
the
direct
line
,
yet
they
propagated
their
Fathers
tyranny
;
onely
he
got
the
throne
by
force
;
they
by
subtilty
,
and
delusive
engagements
;
and
now
the
poor
people
,
who
had
still
been
cozened
,
and
are
commonly
passive
,
begin
in
the
next
Kings
reign
,
(
viz.
of
Stephen
,
another
Usurper
)
to
be
active
,
and
to
struggle
for
their
liberties
more
seriously
and
thorowly
,
and
not
contented
with
promises
of
abating
former
pressures
,
drew
up
the
summ
of
their
desires
in
a
more
exact
method
,
and
demand
publikely
the
restoring
and
re-establishing
of
St.
Edwards
Laws
(
for
such
a
rarity
was
that
former
Prince
,
as
they
Canonized
him
a
Saint
)
which
were
many
years
before
granted
▪
but
by
new
and
strange
successions
buried
;
and
Stephen
,
who
came
in
odly
to
the
Crown
,
and
was
continually
in
various
motions
to
maintain
it
,
confirmed
all
these
laws
,
and
to
gain
the
people
,
ratified
them
by
Parliament
,
the
best
security
in
these
cases
;
But
soon
after
Prerogative
(
like
a
Lion
in
chains
)
breaks
forth
again
with
fuller
rage
,
and
devours
all
these
grants
,
with
the
hopes
,
and
expectations
of
the
people
;
for
though
in
the
two
next
Kings
raigns
these
grants
were
not
actually
repeled
,
yet
were
laid
by
,
and
only
wrapt
up
in
parchments
,
and
husht
by
the
noise
of
Drums
,
and
Trumpets
.
For
Henry
the
Second
,
the
next
King
,
spent
most
of
his
time
in
cleering
the
controversie
▪
between
Regnum
&
Sacerdotium
,
the
Crown
and
the
Mitre
,
as
in
setling
his
own
Title
both
here
,
and
in
Normandy
▪
and
Ireland
;
a
while
he
and
Thomas
Becket
were
standing
in
the
special
rights
,
and
priviledges
of
the
Church
,
and
State
,
the
liberties
of
the
people
were
laid
asleep
,
and
certainly
he
hated
the
former
grants
,
because
made
by
Stephen
,
who
had
stoln
the
Crown
both
from
his
Mother
,
and
himself
;
the
notablest
story
in
this
Kings
reign
(
setting
by
his
warlike
atchievements
)
is
,
that
after
Becket
had
often
foiled
him
in
his
authority
,
he
was
handsomly
whipt
by
the
Monks
,
in
going
to
visit
Beckets
shrine
,
which
was
part
of
his
pennance
,
for
giving
secret
order
to
Assasinats
to
make
him
away
;
And
that
he
kept
Rosamond
as
his
Concubine
,
to
the
vexation
of
Elenor
his
Wife
,
who
at
last
vented
her
revenge
on
her
,
having
found
her
out
in
that
intricate
Labyrinth
made
on
purpose
for
her
at
Woodstock
,
by
the
clew
which
Rosamond
had
carelesly
untwisted
.
The
next
that
laid
claim
to
this
Crown
,
was
his
son
Richard
the
first
,
surnamed
Ceur
de
Lion
(
as
before
)
who
was
to
be
commended
rather
for
his
personal
valour
,
in
other
Nations
,
then
for
any
good
done
to
this
;
He
began
well
in
enlarging
his
Mother
Elenor
,
whom
his
Father
had
imprisoned
,
because
she
could
not
abide
his
lascivious
living
with
his
wanton
Paragon
Rosamond
,
and
advanced
many
persons
by
speciall
favours
;
yet
these
respects
were
more
particular
,
then
of
any
publike
advantage
to
the
State
;
for
out
of
a
blind
zeal
in
those
times
,
after
he
had
been
in
England
but
four
months
after
his
Coronation
,
he
went
into
the
Holy-land
,
against
the
Turks
,
leaving
the
Regency
of
the
Kingdom
to
an
Ecclesiasticall
Person
,
William
Longchampe
,
Bishop
of
Ely
,
who
to
please
the
King
,
and
by
speciall
command
,
undid
the
people
,
and
committed
great
exactions
,
and
as
Hoveden
says
,
Clerum
&
populum
opprimebat
,
confundens
fasque
nefasque
did
all
as
he
listed
,
and
little
cared
by
what
means
he
filled
the
Kings
Coffers
,
and
his
own
;
(
acting
but
by
Proxie
and
in
imitation
of
what
his
Master
would
have
done
,
if
at
home
▪
&
by
many
a
private
command
)
as
it
afterwards
proved
;
for
when
Richard
undertook
this
voyage
,
that
he
might
not
seem
at
first
burthensom
to
the
people
when
he
left
them
,
and
to
maintain
both
his
design
,
and
absence
on
their
purses
(
and
so
alienate
their
affections
from
him
when
at
so
great
a
distance
,
and
give
grounds
to
his
Brother
John
to
try
an
experiment
for
the
title
)
wifely
sold
much
of
his
own
estate
to
raise
him
monies
,
as
the
Castles
of
Berwick
▪
and
Roxborough
,
to
the
King
of
Scots
for
ten
thousand
pounds
,
and
the
Lordship
,
and
Earldom
of
Durham
,
to
Hugh
then
Bishop
of
that
See
,
for
much
mony
,
as
also
many
Honors
,
Lordships
,
Mannors
,
Offices
,
Priviledges
,
Royalties
,
to
many
of
the
Nobles
,
and
rich
Commoners
,
whereby
he
furnished
himself
with
a
vast
treasurie
of
mony
for
that
service
;
and
that
you
may
see
what
interest
he
and
his
companions
think
they
have
in
his
peoples
goods
(
however
they
dissemble
it
)
he
often
protested
that
he
would
sell
his
City
of
London
(
as
my
Author
saith
)
to
any
that
would
by
it
,
rather
then
be
chargeable
unto
others
;
but
notwithstanding
all
this
,
as
the
people
were
sadly
opprest
in
his
absence
by
his
Viceroy
,
so
much
more
when
he
returned
by
himself
;
for
he
then
began
to
redeem
his
time
,
and
to
play
Rex
with
a
witness
;
he
fell
presently
to
plunder
all
religious
houses
,
laid
on
new
and
unheard
of
Taxes
on
the
people
,
and
resumed
into
his
hands
again
all
the
Lordships
,
Mannors
,
Castles
,
&c.
which
he
had
sold
to
his
subjects
,
and
confirmed
it
by
all
the
security
they
could
have
from
man
;
this
is
the
misery
of
depending
on
royal
promises
,
and
engagements
,
which
are
usually
nothing
else
but
complementall
engins
to
move
up
the
peoples
affections
,
while
they
more
easily
,
and
insensibly
drain
out
their
blood
,
and
purses
,
this
was
the
end
of
this
Rough
,
and
Lionlike
King
,
who
reigned
nine
years
,
and
nine
months
,
wherein
he
exacted
and
consumed
more
of
this
Kingdom
then
all
his
Predecessors
from
the
Norman
had
done
before
him
,
and
yet
less
deserved
it
then
any
,
having
neither
lived
here
,
nor
left
behind
him
monument
of
piety
,
or
any
publike
work
,
or
ever
shewed
love
or
care
to
this
Common-wealth
,
but
onely
to
get
what
he
could
from
it
;
we
see
hitherto
what
a
race
of
Kings
we
have
had
,
and
what
cause
we
have
to
glory
in
any
thing
but
their
Tombs
;
and
yet
if
we
expect
better
afterwards
,
we
shall
be
as
much
mistaken
of
their
actings
as
they
were
of
their
right
.
The
next
that
raigned
(
though
without
any
hereditary
title
)
was
King
John
,
Stephens
Brother
;
whose
government
was
as
unjust
as
his
title
,
for
he
(
having
by
Election
,
out
of
fear
and
policy
of
State
,
got
the
Crown
,
with
expulsion
of
Arthur
the
right
heir
ut
supra
)
embarked
the
State
,
and
himself
in
these
miserable
incumberances
,
through
his
violence
and
oppression
,
as
produced
desperate
effects
,
and
made
way
to
those
great
alterations
in
the
government
which
followed
;
the
whole
reign
of
this
King
was
a
perfect
tyranny
;
there
is
in
History
hardly
one
good
word
given
him
;
the
Barons
and
Clergy
continually
opposed
him
,
strugling
for
a
confirmation
of
their
long
desired
liberties
,
but
were
most
commonly
either
cluded
,
or
defeated
by
promises
which
were
never
intended
to
be
performed
,
until
at
last
being
more
entirely
united
with
the
Commons
,
and
stoutly
resolved
and
confirmed
by
an
Oath
,
taken
at
St.
Edmunds-Burie
in
a
general
Assembly
,
they
then
swore
on
the
high
Altar
,
never
to
lay
down
arms
,
if
King
John
refused
to
confirm
and
restore
unto
them
these
liberties
(
the
rights
which
this
Kingdom
was
formerly
blest
with
,
and
which
all
the
late
Kings
had
cheated
them
of
)
the
King
knowing
their
power
,
and
considering
their
engagements
,
makes
use
of
policy
,
and
desired
time
to
answer
them
,
entertaining
them
with
smooth
and
gentle
language
,
and
courtesie
,
untill
he
had
got
strength
,
and
then
he
began
anew
to
try
experiments
of
securing
himself
,
and
frustrating
their
desires
:
But
the
Lords
continuing
their
resolution
,
and
knowing
nothing
was
to
be
obtained
but
by
strong
hand
,
assemble
themselves
with
a
great
Army
at
Stamford
,
from
whence
they
marched
towards
the
King
,
who
was
then
at
Oxford
;
sent
him
a
Schedule
of
their
claimed
liberties
,
with
an
Appendix
of
their
absolute
resolutions
,
in
case
of
his
denyal
;
this
Tyrant
having
heard
them
read
,
with
much
passion
replies
:
Why
do
they
not
demand
the
Kingdom
as
wel
?
and
swore
he
would
never
grant
these
liberties
,
whereby
himself
should
be
made
a
servant
▪
The
Barons
upon
his
Answer
being
(
as
Daniel
saith
)
as
hasty
as
he
was
averse
,
resolve
to
seaze
on
his
Castles
,
and
Possessions
;
and
repairing
to
London
,
being
welcomed
by
the
Citizens
,
who
had
too
long
groaned
under
the
same
tyranny
,
they
get
a
great
access
of
strength
by
new
confederates
,
and
renew
their
spirits
&
oaths
for
the
thorow
prosecution
of
the
war
;
the
King
seeing
himself
in
a
strait
,
which
by
no
ordinary
strength
he
could
evade
,
by
gentle
and
teeming
Messages
sent
to
the
Barons
,
he
obtained
a
Conference
in
a
Medow
called
Running-mead
,
between
Windsor
and
Sta●es
,
where
armed
multitudes
came
from
all
places
,
crying
nothing
but
Liberty
,
Liberty
,
so
sweet
was
that
tone
to
them
then
:
After
many
hard
Conferences
,
the
King
seeing
it
no
time
to
dally
,
&
that
they
would
not
trust
him
with
any
complemental
expressions
,
whom
they
looked
on
as
formerly
perjured
,
grants
their
desires
;
not
only
,
saith
Speed
,
for
Liberties
specified
in
Magna
Charta
&
Charta
Forrestae
,
but
also
for
a
kind
of
sway
in
the
Government
,
by
five
and
twenty
selected
Peers
,
who
were
to
be
as
a
check
over
the
King
,
and
his
chief
Justiciar
,
and
all
his
Officers
to
whom
any
appeal
might
be
made
in
case
of
breach
of
any
article
or
priviledge
confirmed
by
that
Charter
;
And
now
one
would
think
the
people
were
secure
enough
;
but
though
they
seem
now
to
have
the
livery
,
yet
they
had
not
the
seisin
;
for
presently
the
King
having
got
now
credit
by
the
largeness
of
his
grants
,
gets
liberty
with
less
suspicion
to
undo
all
;
and
in
a
short
time
(
pretending
these
grants
to
be
acts
of
force
)
having
got
power
,
renounceth
his
engagement
by
them
,
and
afterwards
repeals
them
,
and
dispoiled
all
these
of
their
lands
and
possessions
,
who
had
any
hand
,
or
heart
in
procuring
the
former
grants
;
and
by
new
,
and
additionall
Laws
made
them
more
perfect
slaves
then
ever
they
were
before
,
untill
at
last
he
was
poysoned
by
a
Monk
,
instead
of
being
deposed
.
But
though
he
be
dead
,
yet
the
miseries
of
this
Nation
ended
not
with
him
;
for
his
son
Henry
the
third
;
who
succeeded
him
,
though
he
could
not
at
first
follow
on
his
Fathers
designs
,
being
an
Infant
,
yet
at
last
did
not
onely
imitate
,
but
outstrip
him
,
yet
the
English
Nation
,
(
who
are
much
given
to
credulity
,
and
apt
to
be
won
by
fair
and
plausible
promises
,
)
notwithstanding
all
the
fathers
iniquity
,
imbrace
the
son
,
having
taken
an
oath
of
him
to
restore
,
and
confirm
the
liberties
they
propounded
to
his
father
,
which
he
had
often
granted
,
and
as
often
broken
;
but
for
all
his
first
oath
,
they
were
fain
,
not
onely
to
remember
him
of
it
,
by
petitions
,
but
oftentimes
by
arms
and
strength
.
And
though
there
was
in
this
Kings
Raign
twenty
one
Parliaments
called
,
and
many
great
Subsidies
granted
,
in
confirmation
of
their
liberties
,
yet
every
Parliament
was
no
sooner
dissolved
,
but
the
ingagement
ceased
;
a
hint
of
two
or
three
special
Parliaments
,
and
their
success
will
not
be
amiss
to
be
set
down
in
this
place
.
This
King
not
being
able
to
suppress
the
Barons
and
people
by
his
own
strength
,
(
they
having
gotten
not
onely
heart
,
but
power
)
sends
to
forraign
Nations
for
aid
,
and
entertains
Poictovines
,
Italians
,
Almains
,
Provincioes
to
subdue
his
own
people
,
and
set
them
in
great
places
;
which
dangerous
and
desperate
design
the
Barons
much
resenting
,
raised
their
spirits
,
and
ingaged
them
in
opposition
to
his
Government
,
and
set
them
on
with
more
courage
to
look
after
their
liberties
;
therefore
they
several
times
stand
up
against
the
violence
of
Prerogative
;
but
what
through
want
of
strength
or
caution
they
were
commonly
disappointed
;
yet
rather
(
if
we
may
speak
truly
)
from
the
unfaithfulness
of
the
King
then
any
other
defect
,
except
it
were
their
easiness
to
believe
Kings
,
when
their
Prerogative
,
and
the
peoples
liberties
came
in
competition
;
for
after
they
had
many
times
got
,
or
rather
extorted
many
promises
,
and
confirmed
them
by
oaths
,
(
the
best
humane
security
)
they
were
put
to
new
designs
,
through
either
the
suspention
,
or
breach
of
them
,
witness
these
Instances
;
after
many
foiles
▪
and
tedious
and
various
delusions
by
this
King
(
whose
beams
attracted
most
,
dazled
others
)
the
Barons
,
and
people
(
who
were
then
unanimous
through
mutual
oppressions
)
fall
more
close
,
and
severe
on
their
principles
,
and
wil
not
endure
either
delays
,
or
delusions
,
and
therefore
effectually
to
redress
their
grievances
,
came
very
well
armed
to
a
Parliament
then
holden
at
Oxford
(
intended
rather
for
getting
Subsidies
,
then
removing
oppressions
)
in
which
Assembly
they
put
the
King
to
it
,
urge
their
former
complaints
with
more
zeal
and
reason
,
and
with
an
addition
of
a
mighty
Spirit
,
demand
the
absolute
confirmation
of
Magna
Charta
,
and
in
a
larger
edition
(
wherein
are
comprised
those
gallant
priviledges
of
the
Commons
of
England
,
which
have
yet
been
but
kept
by
Ink
,
and
Parchment
)
and
not
trusting
the
King
,
got
his
son
,
Prince
Edward
,
to
seal
it
,
with
an
addition
of
twenty
four
(
some
write
twelve
)
Peers
which
Fabian
stiles
the
douze
Peeres
,
not
only
to
see
these
priviledges
truly
observed
,
but
to
be
as
joynt
Regents
with
the
King
;
and
all
the
Lords
,
and
Bishops
in
Parliament
took
a
like
Oath
,
to
maintain
these
Articles
inviolable
;
yea
,
and
all
that
would
have
any
benefit
of
residence
in
the
Kingdom
,
were
enjoyned
to
take
the
same
;
But
these
were
too
strict
bonds
for
such
a
Princes
wil
,
he
soon
finding
advantages
(
as
he
sought
them
)
recals
all
,
gets
a
dispensation
from
the
Pope
for
his
forced
Oath
and
to
countenance
his
perjurie
▪
and
acts
in
the
old
account
;
the
Barons
again
stand
up
with
the
people
stoutly
for
the
performance
of
the
Articles
of
Oxford
;
and
sometimes
brought
him
into
straits
;
yea
,
fully
▪
defeated
him
in
many
bloody
battles
,
and
regained
the
confirmation
of
the
same
laws
,
with
security
;
that
all
the
Castles
throughout
England
should
be
delivered
to
the
keeping
of
the
Barons
,
that
the
provisions
of
Oxford
be
inviolably
preserved
,
that
all
strangers
should
be
dismist
the
Kingdom
,
but
those
which
by
generall
consent
should
be
thought
fit
to
remain
;
this
necessitous
act
though
as
it
gave
the
people
some
peace
and
hopes
,
so
it
gave
the
King
time
to
consider
of
new
mediums
,
and
therefore
still
to
delay
,
and
blind
,
he
Assembles
a
new
Parliament
at
London
,
where
having
(
by
the
sprinkling
of
Court
water
)
won
many
Lords
to
take
his
part
,
begins
to
surprise
as
many
of
the
Barons
as
he
could
get
,
and
spoiled
their
Castles
and
Houses
,
that
success
and
authority
grows
strong
on
his
side
,
and
the
Barons
with
some
calme
provisoes
mediate
a
peace
,
insisting
onely
in
generall
that
the
Articles
of
Oxford
might
be
observed
;
But
the
King
relying
on
his
strength
,
defies
them
as
Traitors
;
which
done
,
the
peoples
two
Generals
,
the
Earls
of
Leicester
and
Glocester
,
seeing
no
other
means
but
to
put
it
to
a
day
,
supply
their
want
of
strength
by
their
wit
and
diligence
,
and
carefully
and
artificially
placing
their
battel
(
which
was
fought
at
the
Town
of
Lewis
in
Sussex
)
overthrew
the
Kings
Army
,
took
the
King
,
the
Prince
,
the
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
and
his
son
Henry
,
the
Earls
of
Arundel
,
Hereford
,
with
many
other
Lords
,
and
Gentlemen
,
both
English
and
Scottish
.
And
now
having
the
King
,
and
Prince
,
and
most
of
the
Nobles
,
and
a
new
confirmation
of
all
,
one
would
think
the
great
Charter
was
out
of
danger
,
either
of
blotting
or
razing
;
especially
if
we
consider
the
solemnities
formerly
used
in
the
ratification
of
it
,
(
as
Daniel
excellently
relates
it
in
his
history
,
p.
169.
)
The
people
knowing
that
no
civil
promises
,
or
verbal
professions
would
hold
in
Kings
raptured
by
Prerogative
▪
&
devoted
to
perjury
to
maintain
their
tyranny
,
take
a
more
Ecclesiasticall
and
divine
way
of
obligation
,
swearing
to
excommunicate
all
that
should
be
found
infringers
of
that
Charter
;
when
the
people
with
the
King
,
and
all
the
great
Nobility
were
assembled
with
all
the
Prelates
,
and
the
chief
Bishops
in
their
reverent
ornaments
(
with
burning
Candles
in
their
hands
)
to
receive
that
dreadfull
sentence
;
the
King
having
one
great
Candle
in
his
hand
,
gives
it
to
a
Prelate
that
stood
by
,
saying
,
it
becomes
not
me
being
no
Priest
to
hold
this
Candle
,
my
heart
shall
be
a
greater
testimony
;
and
withall
laid
his
hand
spred
on
his
breast
all
the
while
the
sentence
was
pronouncing
,
which
was
Authoritato
omnipotentis
Dei
,
&c.
which
done
,
he
caused
the
Charter
of
King
John
his
Father
to
be
read
,
and
in
the
end
having
thrown
away
their
Candles
(
which
lay
smoaking
on
the
ground
)
they
cryed
out
,
so
let
them
that
incurre
this
sentence
be
extinct
and
stinck
in
Hell
;
And
the
King
with
a
loud
voice
said
,
As
God
help
,
I
will
,
as
I
am
a
man
,
a
Christian
,
a
Knight
,
a
King
Crowned
and
Annointed
,
inviolably
observe
these
things
.
Never
were
Laws
saith
he
(
whose
words
express
the
thing
most
emphatically
)
amongst
men
(
except
those
holy
Commandments
from
the
Mount
)
established
with
more
Majestie
of
Ceremony
,
to
make
them
reverenced
,
and
respected
,
then
these
were
;
they
wanted
but
thunder
,
and
lightning
from
heaven
,
(
which
likewise
if
prayers
could
have
effected
they
would
have
had
it
)
to
make
the
sentence
ghastly
,
and
hideous
to
the
breakers
of
it
;
the
greatest
security
that
could
be
given
was
an
Oath
(
the
onely
chain
on
earth
besides
love
,
to
tye
the
conscience
of
a
man
,
and
humane
societie
together
)
which
should
it
not
hold
us
,
all
the
frame
of
Government
must
needs
fall
quite
asunder
;
yet
so
(
almost
a
miracle
(
though
over
common
among
our
Kings
,
saith
Master
Prin
out
of
Mat.
Paris
)
the
Parliament
being
thus
dissolved
(
by
a
sacred
and
most
solemn
conclusion
)
the
King
presently
studies
how
to
infringe
all
the
premises
,
his
Parasites
telling
him
the
Pope
could
soon
absolve
him
for
a
summ
of
mony
,
which
afterwards
the
Pope
did
,
and
the
King
returned
to
his
former
oppressive
courses
with
more
violence
,
and
hardness
;
and
taking
advantage
by
the
division
of
the
Barons
,
two
Generals
,
the
Earls
of
Leicester
and
Glocester
,
the
latter
of
which
joyned
with
the
young
Prince
Edward
,
and
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
the
Kings
wicked
Counsellor
,
a
new
and
potent
Army
is
raised
by
them
,
against
the
Earl
of
Leicester
(
who
had
the
King
prisoner
)
and
those
which
kept
constant
with
him
for
the
Peoples
Liberties
;
and
he
with
the
rest
of
the
Barons
,
are
overthrown
;
and
immediately
after
a
Parliament
is
called
,
and
all
these
laws
and
decrees
made
voyd
;
and
that
Parliament
held
at
Oxford
,
wherein
all
these
Laws
were
first
confirmed
by
him
,
called
Insanum
Parliamentum
,
the
mad
Parliament
;
and
all
these
Patents
,
Commissions
or
Instruments
made
to
ratifie
these
Articles
,
were
brought
forth
,
and
solemnly
damned
;
and
so
bright
and
resplendent
did
Prerogative
break
forth
,
that
it
was
Proclaimed
Treason
in
any
but
to
speak
or
mention
any
of
these
Grants
with
the
least
approbation
;
and
because
the
City
of
London
had
engaged
with
the
Barons
and
People
as
a
principal
part
of
the
whole
,
he
would
needs
have
burnt
the
City
,
had
not
some
wise
and
potent
Favorites
interposed
,
and
yet
they
could
hardly
disswade
him
from
that
barbarous
and
impolitick
wickednesse
;
But
what
he
spared
in
their
houses
,
that
he
gott
out
of
their
purses
,
and
made
up
all
his
losses
with
a
thorough
subjection
of
their
persons
,
and
suppression
of
their
liberties
.
I
need
relate
no
more
of
this
King
,
nor
make
observations
,
the
Reader
will
be
amazed
at
the
repetition
;
he
at
least
20
times
gave
his
promise
for
the
confirmation
,
&
execution
of
these
just
decrees
(
contained
in
Magna
Charta
)
and
as
many
times
was
perjured
,
notwithstanding
all
the
solemnities
,
both
Civil
,
Moral
,
and
Ecclesiastical
,
used
in
the
acts
of
ratification
;
this
may
learn
us
how
to
trust
the
most
positive
Engagements
of
Princes
,
which
cross
their
own
interest
,
and
what
to
think
of
that
word
and
promise
they
call
Royall
;
this
King
reigned
fifty
six
years
,
the
longest
of
any
King
of
England
:
But
we
have
had
too
much
of
the
story
of
him
,
as
he
had
too
long
a
time
to
rule
,
considering
his
temper
,
and
design
.
It
s
well
if
we
can
be
wary
for
the
future
,
and
be
more
cautious
then
to
trust
the
most
promising
and
insinuating
Princes
with
our
liberties
,
and
priviledges
,
which
can
be
no
longer
expected
to
be
preserved
by
them
,
then
they
may
serve
as
footstools
to
advance
them
in
the
Throne
of
absolute
Majesty
,
But
no
more
of
this
King
;
never
were
there
more
hard
strivings
and
wrestlings
between
tyranny
and
liberty
,
with
such
bad
success
to
the
people
;
I
onely
conclude
his
raign
with
the
exhortation
of
the
Psalmist
,
Psal.
146.
3.
O
put
not
your
confidence
in
Princes
,
surely
men
of
high
degree
are
a
lye
.
King
Henry
is
by
this
time
layd
in
his
grave
,
and
one
would
think
Magna
Charta
buried
with
him
;
His
Son
Edward
,
who
was
his
right-hand
in
his
wars
against
the
Barons
,
and
the
principal
Agent
in
their
ruine
,
succeeds
him
in
the
throne
;
and
instead
of
lessening
goes
on
and
makes
an
higher
improvement
of
that
royalty
which
his
Father
left
him
;
having
in
his
own
person
got
the
victory
over
the
Peoples
Libertyes
in
his
Fathers
time
,
and
having
wonne
or
worne
out
the
greatest
of
those
which
opposed
,
and
being
long
experienced
in
the
world
,
so
secured
and
advanced
the
Prerogative
,
that
as
one
sayth
,
he
seemed
to
be
the
first
conqueror
after
the
Conqueror
that
got
the
domination
of
this
State
in
so
absolute
and
eminent
a
manner
,
as
by
his
government
appears
;
He
layd
unsupportable
Taxes
both
on
the
Clergy
and
Laity
,
even
unto
Fiveteens
and
halfs
of
their
Estates
▪
As
for
Tenths
,
that
was
comparatively
accounted
easy
;
the
Barons
and
People
for
a
long
time
durst
not
move
for
removal
of
greivances
,
untill
that
the
King
(
being
always
in
wars
in
France
,
Flanders
,
Wales
and
Scotland
,
and
so
needed
continually
vast
sums
of
mony
)
called
a
Parliament
wherein
he
demanded
a
great
treasure
of
mony
from
the
People
,
that
he
might
give
them
somewhat
in
lieu
of
their
expences
,
confirmed
the
two
great
Charters
on
the
Petition
of
the
Barons
and
People
,
(
and
so
stopped
their
mouths
)
and
this
he
did
as
often
as
he
had
extraordinary
occasions
for
mony
;
But
(
like
all
other
royall
promises
)
they
were
performed
by
leasure
.
Never
was
Royalty
more
Majestick
and
glorious
then
in
this
Kings
raign
,
and
the
people
less
able
to
oppose
;
he
was
always
so
watchful
and
eager
to
enlarge
his
own
power
;
I
shall
end
his
raign
also
with
what
Daniel
that
impartiall
and
witty
Historian
saith
of
him
,
He
was
more
for
the
greatness
of
the
Kingdom
then
the
quiet
of
it
;
and
never
King
before
or
since
(
except
our
last
Charls
)
shed
so
much
Christian
bloud
within
this
Isle
of
Britain
,
and
was
the
cause
of
more
in
that
following
,
and
not
one
grain
of
benefit
procured
unto
the
people
by
all
their
expences
on
him
,
which
was
but
to
make
themselves
more
perfect
slayes
.
The
next
King
was
Edward
the
Second
his
Son
,
who
though
more
vicious
then
the
Father
,
yet
not
more
tyrannicall
;
he
gave
more
advantage
to
the
people
thorough
his
lewd
life
and
unmartiall
nature
,
to
seek
the
confirmation
and
establishment
of
Magna
Charta
,
and
other
good
Laws
which
were
utterly
supprest
,
and
darkened
in
his
Fathers
reign
.
This
Prince
gave
himself
over
to
all
wicked
courses
,
and
surrendred
his
Judgement
,
and
the
management
of
all
affairs
of
State
unto
evill
and
corrupt
Counsellors
;
especially
to
one
Peirce
Gaveston
,
who
had
both
his
ear
and
heart
,
unto
whom
he
was
so
much
endeared
,
that
he
ventured
the
loss
of
Kingdom
,
and
all
the
hearts
of
his
Subjects
for
his
company
,
and
preservation
;
and
though
the
Barons
had
by
often
Petitions
,
and
earnest
sollicitations
prevailed
with
the
King
to
banish
him
,
yet
he
soon
after
sent
for
him
home
,
and
laid
him
more
nigh
his
bosom
then
before
;
on
this
the
Barons
raise
an
army
against
the
King
;
and
send
him
word
,
that
unless
he
would
observe
the
late
Articles
(
which
they
had
formerly
by
much
▪
ado
got
him
to
sign
in
Parliament
)
and
put
from
him
Pierce
Gaveston
,
they
would
rise
in
Arms
against
him
as
a
perjured
Prince
;
the
King
(
whom
they
found
,
was
apt
to
be
terrified
)
yeilds
again
to
his
banishment
,
with
this
clause
,
that
if
he
were
found
again
within
the
Kingdom
he
should
be
condemned
to
death
as
an
enemy
of
the
State
:
All
places
were
now
dangerous
to
Gaveston
;
both
Ireland
(
where
he
formerly
was
protected
)
&
France
also
too
hot
for
him
;
in
this
extremity
,
finding
no
security
anywhere
else
,
he
again
adventures
on
England
,
and
puts
himself
once
again
into
the
Kings
bosom
(
a
Sanctuary
which
he
thought
would
not
be
polluted
with
blood
)
and
there
he
is
received
with
as
great
joy
as
ever
man
could
be
;
the
Lords
with
more
violence
prosecute
their
suite
to
the
King
for
delivering
up
▪
or
removing
him
once
more
;
but
to
no
purpose
;
they
therefore
set
forwards
with
an
Army
,
say
siege
to
the
Castle
wherein
Gaveston
was
,
took
him
,
and
notwithstanding
the
Kings
earnest
sollicitation
for
his
life
,
they
condemned
him
to
the
block
,
and
took
off
his
head
;
this
obstacle
being
removed
out
of
the
way
,
the
Lords
having
now
the
better
end
of
the
staff
make
advantages
of
it
for
demanding
the
confirmation
,
and
execution
of
all
those
Articles
formerly
granted
,
threatning
the
King
,
that
if
he
would
not
consent
to
it
,
they
would
force
him
by
a
strong
hand
;
with
this
message
they
had
their
swords
also
drawn
,
and
march
towards
London
:
A
Parliament
is
called
,
where
the
King
,
after
a
submission
by
the
Lords
to
him
,
for
that
act
done
against
Gaveston
,
contrary
to
his
consent
,
and
will
,
grants
the
Articles
and
pardon
to
them
.
But
the
King
goes
on
his
old
way
,
adheres
to
wicked
counsel
(
waving
the
grave
advice
of
his
Parliament
)
and
is
ruled
by
the
two
Spencers
,
who
acted
with
mighty
strain
of
injustice
,
which
caused
the
Lords
again
to
take
up
arms
,
and
stand
for
their
Liberties
,
but
are
,
through
the
revolt
of
some
,
and
the
treachery
of
others
overthrown
at
Burton
upon
Trent
,
and
two
and
twenty
Noblemen
,
the
greatest
Peers
in
the
Realm
executed
in
several
places
for
nothing
but
opposing
his
evil
Counsellors
▪
this
was
the
first
blood
of
Nobility
that
ever
was
shed
in
this
manner
in
England
since
William
the
first
,
which
being
so
much
,
opened
veines
for
more
to
follow
;
and
now
the
beam
of
power
being
turned
,
regality
weighs
down
all
.
But
by
degrees
,
through
the
continuation
of
his
ill
government
,
whereby
he
daily
lost
the
peoples
hearts
,
the
Lords
get
an
Army
,
and
take
the
King
prisoner
,
and
by
generall
consent
in
Parliament
deposed
him
as
a
tyrant
,
and
elected
his
son
Edward
the
third
to
succeed
,
and
his
son
was
crowned
before
his
eyes
.
Thus
ended
his
raign
,
but
not
his
life
.
Poor
England
which
had
laboured
so
long
and
successively
under
so
many
tyrants
,
and
had
contested
so
long
with
Royalty
for
their
dearly
purchased
liberties
,
might
now
hopefully
expect
at
least
a
dawning
of
Reformation
,
especially
when
they
had
got
so
much
power
as
to
depose
Authority
;
and
began
,
as
it
were
,
on
a
new
account
;
and
the
truth
is
,
affairs
were
now
promising
,
and
distempers
seemed
to
wear
away
with
the
former
Governor
;
yet
the
condition
of
the
Kingdom
,
had
but
a
new
face
on
it
,
and
grievances
were
rather
not
aggravated
or
multiplied
then
any
whit
removed
,
and
oppressions
may
be
rather
said
to
be
changed
from
one
shoulder
to
another
then
abolished
.
Prince
Edward
who
succeeded
,
who
was
crowned
in
his
fathers
life
,
had
observance
enough
to
remember
his
fate
,
and
was
much
warned
by
it
,
both
to
prevent
and
suppress
insurrections
,
knowing
by
experience
the
full
state
of
the
controversie
,
and
therefore
began
his
Government
very
fairely
,
and
with
much
applause
;
onely
to
prevent
factions
,
and
sidings
,
he
privately
caused
his
father
,
the
deposed
King
to
be
cruelly
murdered
,
and
so
sate
more
securely
,
though
with
more
guilt
upon
the
Throne
;
his
raign
was
fifty
years
,
&
odd
months
,
the
longest
next
Hen.
the
third
;
he
spent
most
of
his
time
in
the
wars
of
France
to
regain
his
titile
to
that
Crown
,
which
the
poor
Subject
felt
in
their
estate
and
families
,
and
it
was
a
happiness
(
say
some
)
that
he
was
so
much
abroad
;
for
when
ever
he
came
home
,
as
he
wanted
money
to
supply
his
expences
,
so
the
people
got
ground
to
urge
their
Priviledges
,
&
Magna
Charta
was
at
least
twelve
times
ratified
in
this
Kings
Raign
,
and
so
often
broken
;
yet
because
he
goes
under
the
name
of
the
best
Prince
that
raigned
so
long
,
and
so
well
,
let
the
Reader
take
but
an
Instance
or
two
concerning
his
engagements
to
perform
the
grand
Charter
.
This
King
in
the
first
Parliament
made
the
fifteenth
year
of
his
raign
,
had
granted
the
enacting
of
divers
wholsom
and
seasonable
Laws
,
which
he
willed
and
ingaged
unto
for
him
and
his
heirs
,
that
they
should
be
firmly
kept
,
and
remain
inviolable
for
ever
,
for
the
ratification
of
Magna
Charta
,
and
other
good
Laws
formerly
enacted
;
and
that
all
the
Officers
of
State
,
as
Chancellor
,
Treasurer
,
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
,
Judges
,
&c.
should
at
that
present
in
Parliament
,
and
for
ever
after
,
take
a
solemn
oath
before
their
admission
to
their
Offices
,
to
keep
and
maintain
the
point
of
the
great
Charter
,
and
the
Charter
of
the
Forrest
,
&c.
But
no
sooner
was
the
Parliament
dissolved
,
but
the
very
same
year
he
publikely
revoked
these
Statutes
,
pretending
that
they
were
contrary
to
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
the
Realm
,
and
to
his
Prerogative
and
Rights
Royal
,
&c.
wherefore
we
are
willing
(
saith
he
)
providently
to
revoke
these
things
we
have
so
improvidently
done
;
because
(
saith
he
)
marke
the
dissimulation
of
Princes
even
in
Parliaments
)
We
never
really
consented
to
the
making
of
such
Statutes
,
but
as
then
it
behoved
Vs
,
We
dissembled
in
the
Premises
,
by
Protestations
of
revocation
,
if
indeed
they
should
proceed
to
secure
the
dangers
,
which
by
denying
the
same
we
feared
to
come
,
with
many
more
such
passages
;
and
yet
this
King
is
the
Phoenix
of
our
more
antient
Monarchs
;
but
the
Reader
may
still
learn
what
the
best
of
our
Princes
have
been
,
and
what
weak
assurances
any
ingagements
from
them
are
where
power
is
wanting
from
them
,
and
advantages
present
to
them
.
Another
instance
of
his
actings
we
may
take
up
from
the
successe
of
his
first
siege
of
Tourney
in
France
;
having
laid
on
heavy
and
excessive
taxes
to
maintain
that
war
,
and
the
people
seeing
no
fruits
of
all
promises
for
executing
the
Articles
of
Magna
Charta
,
they
refuse
to
pay
any
more
,
without
more
faithfull
performance
of
his
Vows
,
and
solemn
engagements
to
them
,
whereby
he
wanting
mony
was
fain
to
quit
the
place
,
and
return
for
England
,
full
of
revengefull
thoughts
,
and
in
much
fury
breaths
out
destruction
to
all
the
refusers
;
But
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
told
him
publikely
,
but
plainly
,
that
he
had
oftentimes
as
well
as
his
Father
offered
manifest
violences
to
the
Liberties
of
the
English
Nation
,
comprehended
in
that
grand
Charter
,
and
if
he
expected
Subsidies
,
from
the
people
,
he
must
more
carefully
maintain
their
priviledges
so
justly
due
.
But
the
King
vexed
with
such
language
,
both
storms
against
the
Arch-Bishop
,
and
as
much
as
possibly
he
then
could
,
sought
the
ruine
of
all
that
had
made
any
refusall
of
payment
of
these
taxes
,
although
he
had
not
in
any
manner
performed
his
own
promises
.
Yet
I
will
end
his
raign
,
because
he
hath
a
name
of
a
good
King
.
(
though
as
Speed
saith
,
by
the
Generall
vote
of
Historians
,
he
committed
many
foul
errors
in
his
government
)
with
a
good
act
he
did
at
the
fiftieth
yeer
of
his
age
(
which
he
kept
as
his
Jubilee
)
he
called
a
Parliament
,
and
there
freely
heard
the
grievances
of
the
people
,
and
redressed
many
,
especially
a
Petition
of
the
Commons
against
the
doublings
of
Lawyers
;
he
caused
the
pleas
which
were
before
in
French
to
be
made
in
English
;
a
necessary
Law
(
saith
Speed
)
if
it
had
been
as
carefully
observed
;
especially
if
he
had
ordered
(
saith
he
)
that
the
same
should
not
have
been
written
in
French
,
That
the
Subject
might
understand
the
Law
,
by
which
he
holds
what
he
hath
,
and
is
to
know
what
he
doth
.
But
all
this
is
not
for
nothing
;
for
as
he
imparted
grace
unto
his
people
(
saith
the
same
Auther
)
for
so
all
acts
of
Justice
are
termed
,
wh●n
granted
by
Kings
,
so
he
took
a
care
to
replenish
his
own
purse
by
it
,
that
the
poor
Commons
obtain
not
any
thing
which
they
pay
not
too
dearly
for
.
Here
ends
the
Life
of
the
best
reputed
Prince
;
and
yet
you
see
wherein
his
excellency
lay
;
the
best
happiness
the
people
had
in
his
raign
,
was
▪
that
they
had
more
engagements
for
their
liberties
with
more
cost
,
and
the
remembrances
and
sense
of
the
goodness
of
them
more
fresh
and
sweet
by
the
often
repetition
of
them
;
but
for
execution
or
addition
to
them
,
they
were
as
far
to
seek
as
in
former
times
.
And
if
it
do
possibly
happen
that
in
one
Kings
raign
either
through
the
goodness
of
his
nature
,
or
rather
want
of
advantages
,
there
be
an
intermission
of
oppressions
,
(
for
that
is
the
utmost
to
be
expected
)
yet
the
next
King
will
be
sure
to
make
it
up
,
and
if
they
give
the
people
a
little
breath
,
it
s
but
that
they
may
sow
for
the
next
to
reap
,
or
as
they
do
with
men
on
the
rack
,
let
them
down
,
and
give
them
cordials
,
and
spiritfull
liquors
,
that
they
may
be
the
longer
and
more
sensibly
tormented
;
which
was
made
good
in
the
next
Kings
raign
,
viz.
Richard
the
Second
,
who
presently
dashes
and
utterly
nips
these
blossoms
that
sprung
out
in
the
former
Kings
raign
,
devoting
himself
to
all
uncivill
and
lewd
courses
,
and
to
enable
him
the
better
unto
it
,
layes
on
sad
and
miserable
taxes
on
the
people
without
so
much
as
a
mention
or
hint
of
their
liberties
,
and
as
the
parallel
of
Edward
the
second
,
both
lived
and
died
;
It
s
enough
to
decypher
his
raign
by
his
end
;
for
he
was
deposed
by
the
universal
consent
of
the
people
in
Parliament
as
a
tyrannical
,
and
cruel
Governor
,
and
not
a
good
word
spoken
of
him
to
commend
him
in
his
Government
,
and
its
pitty
to
aggravate
his
misery
after
his
death
,
and
yet
(
as
we
say
)
Seldom
comes
a
better
;
when
one
is
cut
off
,
another
like
the
Hidra's
head
springs
up
in
his
place
.
Henry
the
fourth
who
overthrew
him
in
battel
,
and
was
made
King
in
his
stead
(
though
by
a
wrong
title
)
at
first
promised
the
new
modelling
of
Laws
to
the
peoples
ease
,
and
did
,
as
in
a
complement
(
rather
to
secure
his
title
,
then
out
of
affection
to
the
people
,
or
sense
of
his
relation
)
redress
many
grievances
,
which
were
more
gross
and
less
concerning
the
Common-wealth
;
and
as
he
did
strive
by
these
common
acts
to
engage
the
people
to
him
,
so
(
as
one
that
had
continuall
sence
of
guilt
on
him
)
he
got
the
deposed
King
to
be
barbarously
murthered
in
the
Castle
of
Pomfret
,
that
no
competition
might
endanger
his
title
by
his
life
;
He
spent
most
of
his
raign
incontinuall
wars
about
his
title
,
and
was
often
opposed
as
both
a
Tyrant
and
Usurper
;
but
he
still
got
ground
on
both
the
liberties
and
laws
formerly
granted
;
yet
not
so
sensibly
as
in
the
former
Kings
raigns
,
that
the
people
may
be
said
to
have
a
little
respite
from
the
violence
&
heighth
of
Prerogative
by
him
;
but
they
may
thank
the
unjustness
,
and
brittleness
of
his
title
,
for
that
he
being
more
in
fear
of
of
loosing
it
,
then
out
of
love
with
the
excess
of
his
ancestors
.
I
shall
only
add
one
story
to
conclude
this
Kings
raign
,
which
is
universally
reported
by
most
of
our
Historians
,
worth
observation
,
because
it
hath
much
of
ingenuity
in
it
,
and
because
they
were
his
dying
words
;
Being
cast
into
an
Apoplexie
,
and
nigh
his
end
,
he
caused
his
Crown
to
be
placed
by
him
on
his
Pillow
,
least
in
the
extremity
of
his
sickness
it
might
have
been
delivered
to
some
other
,
who
had
better
right
thereunto
then
he
had
;
But
when
his
attendants
,
(
through
the
violence
of
his
distemper
,
supposed
him
to
be
dead
,
the
young
Prince
of
Wales
seised
on
his
Crown
,
whereat
the
King
started
up
raising
himself
on
his
arms
,
demanded
who
it
was
that
had
so
boldly
taken
away
the
Crown
?
the
Prince
answered
that
it
was
he
;
the
King
fell
back
into
his
bed
,
and
fetching
a
deep
sigh
,
and
sending
forth
many
a
pensive
groan
,
replyes
thus
;
my
son
,
what
right
I
had
to
this
Crown
;
and
how
I
have
enjoyed
it
,
God
knows
,
and
the
world
hath
seen
;
But
the
Prince
,
(
ambitious
enough
of
a
Diadem
)
answered
him
thus
;
Comfort
your self
in
God
(
good
Father
)
;
the
Crown
you
have
;
and
if
you
die
,
I
will
have
jt
and
keep
it
with
my
Sword
as
you
have
done
;
and
so
he
did
soon
after
,
maintaining
his
Fathers
injustice
by
his
own
.
And
now
comes
up
his
Son
Henry
the
Fifth
as
the
next
heir
,
who
though
while
a
Prince
was
given
to
many
wicked
practises
,
yet
when
a
King
,
became
moderate
,
and
hath
better
commendation
then
most
of
his
Ancestors
;
the
people
had
two
advantages
and
comforts
by
him
;
first
,
that
his
reign
was
short
,
and
that
he
was
much
imployed
in
the
war
with
France
for
regaining
a
title
to
that
Crown
,
which
he
accomplished
,
and
so
they
were
free
of
Civil
wars
;
though
they
had
still
heavie
taxes
,
yet
they
thought
it
better
to
pay
for
maintaining
war
abroad
then
at
home
;
and
truly
,
the
people
thought
themselves
very
happy
in
this
Kings
reign
,
(
though
their
priviledges
were
laid
asleep
)
that
they
had
a
little
breathing
time
from
Domestick
and
Civil
wars
,
and
had
hopes
to
regain
by
degrees
a
reviving
of
their
Spirits
.
But
the
next
King
,
Henry
the
sixth
,
makes
up
what
was
wanting
of
Tyranny
and
Oppression
in
his
fathers
raign
.
He
was
Crowned
King
about
the
eighth
or
ninth
moneth
of
his
age
,
and
so
had
not
present
oppertunity
to
shew
his
royalty
.
Until
he
came
to
age
,
the
Kingdom
was
well
governed
by
his
three
Uncles
,
Humphrey
,
Duke
of
Glocester
,
John
Duke
of
Bedford
,
Thomas
Duke
of
Excester
,
who
by
their
wisdom
and
justice
,
kept
up
the
flourishing
estate
of
the
English
Nation
;
but
when
his
years
of
nonage
were
expired
,
and
he
came
to
weld
the
Scepter
with
his
own
hands
,
(
what
as
some
favorably
think
out
of
weakness
,
for
he
was
no
Solomon
)
all
things
went
presently
out
of
order
,
and
Prerogative
breaks
forth
beyond
bounds
;
which
gave
occasion
to
Edward
Duke
of
York
to
try
conclusions
for
his
title
against
the
House
of
Lancaster
,
and
making
use
of
the
discontents
of
the
people
through
his
evil
Government
,
opposed
him
,
and
afterwards
deposed
him
,
and
raigned
in
his
stead
by
the
name
of
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
so
by
Conquest
he
got
the
title
to
run
through
the
House
of
York
,
having
cut
it
off
by
his
Sword
from
the
house
of
Lancaster
;
notwithstanding
actuall
possession
of
three
descents
,
many
overtures
of
war
were
yet
between
them
;
for
Henry
was
not
yet
dead
,
though
for
the
present
outed
;
but
as
a
dying
man
strove
for
life
,
but
being
quite
overthrown
was
imprisoned
,
and
afterwards
murthered
to
secure
the
Title
;
there
was
in
these
two
Kings
raign
but
meerly
for
a
title
fought
ten
bloudy
Battles
,
besides
all
lesser
skirmishes
,
wherein
many
thousands
of
Lords
,
Gentlemen
,
and
Commons
were
slain
,
and
yet
not
one
jot
of
advantage
gotten
by
it
for
the
peoples
liberties
;
It
being
the
misery
and
folly
of
the
people
to
venture
all
they
have
,
to
set
up
those
over
them
who
afterwards
prove
most
tyranni
call
,
and
to
sow
seeds
of
future
misery
,
by
spilling
their
bloods
for
a
usurped
title
.
In
this
Kings
reign
,
as
in
the
former
,
the
whole
land
was
miserably
rent
by
unnaturall
divisions
against
his
title
,
and
government
;
and
though
neither
or
these
two
had
a
just
title
(
if
we
will
begin
from
the
root
)
yet
all
the
bloud
of
the
Nation
is
thought
too
little
to
be
spilt
to
maintain
their
pretences
;
yet
we
may
not
reckon
this
King
among
the
worst
,
had
it
not
faln
out
that
his
title
must
be
kept
up
with
expence
of
so
much
blood
and
ruin
of
the
English
Nation
;
yet
in
his
last
five
yeers
,
he
laid
on
such
extraordinary
taxes
,
and
changed
the
form
of
Laws
,
that
he
lost
the
love
of
all
his
Subjects
.
For
Edward
the
Fifth
his
Son
,
who
succeeded
him
in
title
,
we
need
but
mention
him
,
for
he
had
but
the
name
of
a
King
(
being
an
Infant
)
and
his
reign
may
wel
be
called
an
Inter-regnum
,
for
ere
he
came
to
know
what
government
was
,
he
was
cruelly
murthered
with
his
Infant
Brother
,
by
his
Uncle
Rich.
Duke
of
Glocester
,
who
reigned
both
for
him
,
and
afterwards
for
himself
by
the
name
of
Richard
the
Third
,
a
bloody
and
cruel
man
,
rather
a
monster
then
a
Prince
,
his
name
stincks
in
the
English
dialect
;
the
shortness
of
his
reign
was
the
happiness
of
the
people
;
for
after
three
yeers
usurpation
,
he
was
slain
in
the
field
by
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
who
by
his
valour
,
more
then
his
Title
got
the
Crown
by
the
name
of
Henry
the
Seventh
;
this
was
the
best
act
that
was
done
by
him
,
in
easing
the
Kingdom
of
such
a
viper
.
In
his
reign
(
who
is
the
first
root
of
our
Kings
since
)
the
people
had
more
hopes
then
benefits
,
and
were
rejoyced
and
made
happy
more
by
expectations
,
then
enjoyments
of
any
reall
priviledge
,
or
liberty
.
For
though
he
took
all
the
ways
to
secure
his
title
by
his
marriage
with
the
Lady
Elizabeth
daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
yet
many
stratagems
were
laid
to
disturbe
his
peace
,
which
put
him
on
acts
of
policy
,
and
diligence
,
(
which
he
excellently
demonstrated
)
to
free
and
extricate
himself
out
of
dangers
and
designs
;
many
sad
divisions
were
stil
in
the
Kingdom
,
all
men
were
not
pleased
either
with
his
title
or
government
,
and
that
they
might
but
disturbe
him
,
or
hazard
his
Crown
,
they
made
Stage
Kings
,
drest
up
pretty
lads
in
Princely
robes
,
and
carried
them
up
and
down
the
Kingdom
as
puppets
for
the
people
to
gaze
one
,
and
admire
;
all
this
while
King
Henry
had
not
time
to
advance
his
prerogative
,
while
he
was
but
securing
his
Title
;
but
after
he
had
done
that
,
and
now
began
to
look
on
himself
as
free
from
either
forraign
or
home
competitors
,
and
the
coast
of
State
seeming
cleer
from
all
thickning
weather
,
he
thinks
of
redeeming
what
he
had
lost
by
factions
,
and
imployes
his
wit
for
bringing
down
the
height
of
the
English
Nation
,
and
plucking
down
their
courage
,
and
was
especially
(
saith
one
)
jealous
over
his
Nobility
,
as
remembring
how
himself
was
set
up
;
and
how
much
more
did
this
humor
encrease
in
him
after
he
had
conflicted
with
such
idols
and
counterfeits
as
Lambert
Simnel
&
Perkin
Warbeck
?
the
strangeness
of
which
dangers
made
him
think
nothing
safe
;
and
thinking
that
the
riches
of
the
English
occasioned
their
rebellions
,
he
took
a
course
to
empty
their
Coffers
into
his
;
and
the
plot
whereby
he
meant
to
effect
it
was
by
taking
the
advantage
of
the
breach
of
penal
Laws
,
which
he
both
found
,
and
made
for
that
purpose
;
his
Instruments
which
for
this
work
were
pickt
,
and
qualified
sufficiently
,
were
Sir
Richard
Empson
,
and
Edmund
Dudley
,
men
learned
in
the
Law
,
and
of
desperate
and
subtle
heads
,
and
forward
in
executing
the
Kings
commands
;
these
two
attended
by
troops
of
base
Informers
,
Promoters
,
Catchpoles
,
Cheaters
,
Knights
of
the
Post
&c.
went
up
and
down
the
Kingdom
,
cruelly
polled
and
taxed
all
sorts
of
people
,
and
prosecute
in
every
Shire
the
most
deserving
and
generous
men
,
that
the
Kingdom
in
a
little
time
was
more
beggard
,
then
by
most
of
the
former
Civil
wars
;
and
all
this
done
by
the
Kings
speciall
command
,
and
countenance
,
that
we
may
see
what
was
the
reason
he
began
not
sooner
to
play
Rex
;
want
of
opportunity
,
and
fear
of
loosing
his
Crown
while
he
was
advancing
it
;
but
the
latter
end
of
his
raign
was
too
soon
,
and
too
long
for
such
actings
.
This
King
ends
his
raign
with
the
greatest
acts
of
tyranny
;
he
made
himself
a
rich
King
by
beggaring
his
Subjects
;
after
he
had
freed
his
own
person
out
of
danger
▪
he
imploys
all
his
wits
to
enslave
the
English
;
the
fruits
both
of
his
title
and
tyranny
we
have
felt
ever
sence
in
these
that
followed
him
.
His
son
Henry
the
eighth
of
that
name
,
succeeds
him
;
in
his
first
beginnings
he
seemed
to
be
tenderly
affected
to
the
Common-wealth
,
and
redressed
many
grievances
,
especially
those
which
were
laid
on
by
his
father
,
and
executed
by
Empson
and
Dudley
,
doing
Justice
on
them
for
their
cruelty
and
oppression
.
But
those
affections
were
too
good
,
and
too
violent
to
last
long
;
the
sound
of
Drums
and
Trumpets
soon
quasht
them
,
and
many
encroachments
grew
on
the
peoples
Liberties
;
many
tempestuous
storms
and
controversies
there
were
in
this
Kings
raign
;
but
they
were
more
Ecclesiastical
then
Civil
,
and
so
more
dangerous
and
strong
.
In
a
word
,
he
was
accounted
a
better
Souldier
then
a
Governor
,
and
more
fit
for
a
General
then
a
King
to
govern
by
just
and
equal
Laws
;
the
best
act
he
did
,
was
the
discovery
of
the
wickedness
of
the
Clergy
,
and
casting
off
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
which
yet
he
took
to
himself
,
and
annexed
it
to
his
own
Crown
;
as
the
most
of
his
raign
was
ful
of
controversies
and
tempests
,
so
all
affairs
were
managed
in
a
ranting
and
turbulent
maner
,
not
with
that
gravity
&
soberness
as
becomes
civil
and
prudentiall
transactions
;
he
was
very
lascivious
,
and
delighted
much
in
variety
,
and
changes
of
Laws
,
as
wives
;
he
oftentimes
much
pleased
himself
to
be
in
the
company
,
and
was
over-familiar
with
swaggering
and
loose
fellows
;
and
the
people
ever
and
anon
found
the
power
of
his
Prerogative
at
home
,
as
his
enemies
did
of
his
Sword
abroad
.
Edward
the
sixth
his
onely
son
succeeds
him
,
a
Prince
that
was
too
good
to
live
long
,
the
Phoenix
of
English
Kings
,
had
he
had
time
to
prosecute
his
intentions
and
mature
his
genius
;
but
the
Sun
in
him
did
shine
too
bright
in
the
morning
;
God
gave
England
onely
the
representation
of
a
good
King
,
but
would
not
in
judgement
let
us
be
blest
long
with
him
;
Religion
began
to
revive
,
Liberty
to
bud
forth
,
the
people
to
peep
out
of
their
graves
of
slavery
and
bondage
,
and
to
have
their
blood
fresh
and
blushing
in
their
cheeks
;
but
all
is
presently
blasted
by
his
death
,
and
the
people
(
who
have
seldom
more
then
hopes
for
their
comforts
)
are
now
fainting
for
fear
;
England
is
benighted
;
and
hung
with
black
;
Queen
Mary
that
Alecto
,
and
fury
of
women
succeeds
;
and
now
both
souls
and
bodies
of
the
people
are
enslaved
,
and
nothing
but
bone
fires
made
of
the
flesh
and
bones
of
the
best
Christians
:
But
it
s
too
much
to
name
her
in
the
English
tongue
;
Queen
Elizabeth
succeedes
her
,
who
being
prepared
for
the
Crown
by
suffering
,
came
in
a
most
seasonable
time
,
both
for
her self
and
the
people
,
who
were
made
fuel
for
the
flames
of
her
sisters
devotion
.
And
now
England
begins
to
flourish
again
,
and
to
recover
its
strength
;
many
inlargements
were
granted
,
both
to
the
consciences
,
and
estates
of
the
people
;
yet
if
we
speak
impartially
,
we
were
kept
further
off
Rome
,
then
royalty
;
yet
doubtless
she
may
be
Chronicled
for
the
best
Princess
,
and
her
raign
the
most
even
,
and
best
mannaged
,
with
more
fruits
to
the
people
then
any
of
the
former
Kings
,
especially
if
we
consider
how
long
she
governed
this
Nation
;
I
end
her
raign
with
this
Character
,
That
she
was
the
best
Queen
that
ever
England
had
,
and
the
glory
of
her
Sexe
to
all
Ages
.
The
English
Line
is
now
ended
;
we
must
go
into
Scotland
to
seek
for
a
King
,
because
a
daughter
of
Henry
the
seventh
was
married
to
James
the
fourth
,
King
of
Scotland
;
but
I
will
not
question
his
title
.
King
James
the
sixth
of
Scotland
,
and
first
of
England
,
succeeded
on
the
English
Throne
;
A
Prince
that
had
many
advantages
to
set
up
Prerogative
,
which
he
improved
;
he
was
too
timorous
to
act
,
but
most
subtile
in
Councel
and
designs
,
and
no
King
did
more
insensibly
and
closely
undermine
the
Liberties
of
England
then
himself
;
he
gave
us
cause
to
remember
from
whence
he
came
;
but
his
peaceable
raign
was
the
rail
to
his
design
,
and
did
choak
suspition
;
we
were
brought
by
him
very
nigh
Rome
and
Spain
,
and
yet
knew
it
not
;
he
had
an
inveterate
hatred
against
Puritans
,
as
he
had
a
fear
of
Papists
,
and
made
more
of
Bishops
then
ordinary
by
remembrance
of
the
Scots
Presbytery
;
He
had
as
much
of
Royalty
in
his
Eye
as
any
Prince
could
have
,
but
had
not
so
much
courage
to
prosecute
it
;
the
Puritan
alwayes
lay
in
his
Spleen
,
the
Papist
on
his
Lungs
,
that
he
durst
not
,
that
he
could
not
breath
so
clearely
and
strongly
against
them
;
but
the
Bishops
lay
in
his
heart
.
I
will
not
rip
up
his
personal
failings
after
his
death
;
he
was
the
most
profane
King
for
oaths
and
blasphemies
that
England
had
besides
,
&c.
He
now
grows
old
▪
and
was
judged
only
fit
to
lay
the
Plot
,
but
not
to
execute
it
;
the
design
being
now
ripe
,
and
his
person
and
life
the
only
obstacle
and
Remora
to
the
next
Instrument
,
he
is
conveyed
away
suddenly
into
another
world
,
as
his
son
Henry
was
,
because
thought
unsuteable
to
the
Plot
,
it
being
too
long
to
waite
,
untill
Nature
and
Distemper
had
done
the
deed
.
We
are
now
come
to
our
last
Charls
(
who
is
like
to
end
both
that
race
and
its
tyranny
)
the
perfect
Idea
of
all
the
rest
,
and
the
most
zealous
prosecutor
of
the
designs
of
all
his
ancestors
,
who
,
if
Divine
Providence
had
not
miraculously
prevented
,
had
accomplished
the
utmost
of
their
intentions
,
and
for
ever
darkned
the
glory
of
the
English
Sun
;
so
much
I
must
say
of
him
,
that
he
got
more
wisedom
by
action
,
then
could
possibly
be
expected
by
his
nature
;
experience
that
teacheth
fools
,
made
him
wise
;
he
endeavoured
to
act
what
others
designed
;
he
dissembled
as
long
as
he
could
,
and
used
all
parties
to
the
utmost
;
But
his
zeal
and
hardiness
brought
him
to
his
death
.
He
needed
no
physick
for
his
body
,
had
he
remembred
his
soul
.
But
what
need
I
mention
him
?
he
is
the
last
of
English
Monarchs
,
and
the
most
absolute
monument
of
Monarchy
,
and
example
of
tyranny
and
injustice
that
ever
was
known
in
England
;
he
would
have
been
what
other
Kings
are
,
and
endeavoured
to
attain
what
others
would
be
;
he
lived
an
enemy
to
the
Common-wealth
,
and
died
a
martyr
to
Prerogative
.
Thus
you
have
seen
a
faithfull
representation
of
the
Norman
race
,
under
which
we
have
groaned
for
about
six
hundred
years
;
the
first
Title
made
onely
by
the
Invasion
and
Conquest
of
a
Stranger
and
Bastard
,
continued
by
usurpation
and
tyranny
,
that
take
away
but
two
or
three
persons
out
of
the
list
(
and
yet
these
bad
enough
if
we
consider
all
things
)
and
all
this
while
England
neither
had
a
right
heir
,
or
good
King
to
govern
it
;
and
yet
by
delusion
and
deceit
we
must
be
bound
to
maintain
that
Title
as
Sacred
and
Divine
,
which
in
the
beginning
was
extorted
and
usurping
▪
as
if
gray
hairs
could
adde
reverence
to
injustice
.
England
hath
now
an
advantage
more
then
all
its
Ancestors
,
of
freeing
it self
from
this
successive
slavery
,
and
interrupting
that
bloody
line
,
and
after
an
apprentiship
to
bondage
for
so
many
hundred
yeers
,
Providence
hath
given
us
our
own
choice
;
If
we
take
it
we
are
made
;
if
not
,
the
old
judgement
of
God
lies
on
us
for
our
stupidity
,
and
blindness
.
For
my
part
,
as
I
do
not
give
much
to
that
Monkish
Prophecy
from
Henry
the
Seventh
times
;
Mars
,
Puer
,
Alecto
,
Virgo
,
Vulpes
,
Leo
,
Nullus
(
yet
I
wonder
how
the
Devil
could
foresee
so
far
off
,
and
must
needs
say
that
it
hath
yet
been
literally
fulfilled
▪
both
in
the
Characters
of
the
persons
,
and
the
issue
)
yet
I
must
so
far
give
way
to
the
power
of
divine
actings
on
my
faith
,
as
to
think
that
either
we
shall
never
have
a
King
more
,
or
else
we
shall
have
one
sent
of
God
in
wrath
,
as
the
Israelites
had
,
seeing
we
are
not
contented
that
way
which
God
hath
from
Heaven
led
us
to
.
As
for
the
Title
of
this
Prince
(
who
would
fain
be
accounted
the
right
heir
)
Let
us
but
remember
from
whence
he
had
it
,
and
how
it
s
now
tainted
;
were
it
never
so
just
,
the
Treason
of
the
Father
hath
cut
off
the
Son
;
and
how
unwise
an
act
,
besides
all
other
considerations
,
will
it
be
for
England
to
set
up
the
Son
to
propagate
both
his
Fathers
design
,
and
death
.
We
may
prophecy
soon
what
a
Governor
he
is
like
to
be
which
hath
both
suck't
in
his
Fathers
principles
,
and
his
Mothers
milk
;
who
hath
been
bred
up
under
the
wings
of
Popery
and
Episcopacy
,
and
doubtless
suckt
both
brests
;
one
who
was
engaged
from
the
beginning
in
the
last
war
against
this
Parliament
,
who
hath
the
same
Counsellors
his
Father
had
,
to
remember
him
both
of
the
design
,
and
the
best
wayes
of
effecting
it
;
one
who
hath
never
yet
given
any
testimony
of
hopefullness
to
this
Nation
;
who
was
in
Armes
when
a
Subject
,
against
the
Libertyes
which
England
and
Scotland
spilt
much
blood
for
to
maintain
;
one
who
hath
both
his
Fathers
and
his
own
scores
to
cleer
,
and
is
fain
to
make
use
of
all
Medium's
,
though
never
so
contrary
,
attended
with
all
the
crew
of
Malignants
of
three
Nations
;
who
is
so
relatively
and
personally
engaged
,
that
both
old
and
new
reckonings
are
expected
to
be
payd
only
by
him
.
To
his
Father
He
is
endebted
for
His
Crown
,
and
bound
to
pay
His
Debts
,
both
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
(
which
will
amount
to
no
small
summe
)
;
To
the
Papists
He
is
engaged
for
their
old
affections
,
and
hopes
of
new
,
besides
the
obligation
of
duty
to
his
Mother
,
and
freeing
her
from
her
Monastry
and
Hermitage
.
To
the
Prince
of
Orange
he
owes
more
then
his
ransom
,
besides
the
States
courtesies
;
to
Ireland
he
is
in
more
arrears
then
his
Kingdom
of
Scotland
will
be
able
to
pay
,
and
to
Scotland
for
his
entertainment
and
enstalment
more
then
England
(
for
present
or
in
many
years
)
can
repay
without
a
morgage
,
or
community
of
lands
,
and
liberties
,
besides
what
he
owes
England
for
helping
his
Father
to
make
the
Parliament
spend
so
many
millions
of
treasure
,
besides
blood
(
which
would
have
weighed
down
all
expences
besides
)
and
helping
as
a
prime
Agent
the
utter
destruction
of
England
;
all
which
must
be
reckoned
for
with
much
seriousness
;
and
if
men
have
so
much
charity
and
generousness
to
forgive
all
,
yet
we
have
a
reckoning
with
heaven
to
be
discharged
,
which
debt
is
yet
unpaid
(
without
we
think
the
Fathers
blood
be
sufficient
satisfaction
to
divine
Justice
)
;
and
if
that
death
should
be
a
satisfaction
for
himself
,
yet
not
for
his
Son
,
who
joyned
with
him
,
&
now
continues
the
same
fault
,
and
guilt
,
and
intends
to
follow
on
with
more
violence
and
intention
then
ever
.
Can
we
think
(
&
retain
our
memories
and
reasons
)
that
Charls
the
Second
can
forget
Charls
the
First
?
that
custom
and
education
can
easily
be
altered
?
that
the
true
and
reall
engagers
with
him
and
his
Father
,
shall
be
razed
out
of
his
heart
,
or
that
he
can
heartily
love
his
opposers
,
but
as
he
may
make
use
them
:
or
that
when
some
Banks
and
Rocks
are
out
of
the
way
,
the
waters
and
floods
of
Royalty
will
not
run
in
its
wonted
Channel
?
will
Episcopacy
dye
in
England
,
when
Kingship
is
set
up
?
Can
reason
think
or
dream
,
that
Majesty
will
not
eat
out
sincerity
?
or
that
Presbytery
can
flourish
in
that
state
where
Prerogative
is
the
ascendant
?
or
is
that
person
fit
to
be
the
medium
of
peace
,
and
the
glory
of
this
Nation
,
who
was
the
conjunct
instrument
of
the
war
,
&
the
survivor
both
of
the
war
and
peace
?
a
person
that
durst
not
stay
in
his
own
Nation
to
plead
his
right
,
because
of
his
guilt
,
whose
youth
and
wilfulness
is
most
unapt
for
the
setling
the
storms
and
tempests
of
a
distracted
Nation
.
But
no
more
untill
we
feel
the
misery
of
such
an
attempt
;
It
was
said
of
Tiberius
Caesar
in
a
Satyricall
expression
,
yet
it
proved
true
,
Regnabit
sanguine
multo
Ad
regnum
quisquis
venit
ab
exilio
,
Who
first
exil'd
is
after
Crown'd
,
His
reign
with
blood
will
much
abound
.
When
this
poor
Nation
(
after
all
neglects
of
providences
)
hath
spent
its
blood
and
treasure
to
set
up
this
Prince
in
the
Throne
,
(
which
it
may
be
they
shall
never
effect
)
yet
at
the
last
they
must
stand
to
his
courtesy
for
all
their
Liberties
,
which
they
can
never
expect
,
and
make
him
a
Monarch
.
The
patience
and
long
suffering
of
God
hath
permitted
usurpation
and
tyranny
in
England
this
long
time
for
the
hardness
of
our
hearts
,
and
sottishness
of
our
natures
,
and
it
may
be
,
may
lengthen
it
out
to
the
utmost
,
which
will
be
a
misery
with
a
witness
,
and
yet
a
just
punishment
of
God
on
those
who
were
born
free
,
but
will
sell
away
their
inheritances
for
nothing
to
a
stranger
.
Did
ever
King
since
the
world
began
(
seting
aside
some
who
were
Priests
and
Prophets
also
)
naturally
,
and
ingenuously
,
with
a
royall
affection
devote
himself
to
the
propagating
of
the
pure
and
reall
liberties
of
the
people
?
Let
him
be
shown
forth
as
a
miracle
;
but
that
ever
any
one
that
hath
been
all
his
dayes
,
both
in
the
Fathers
time
,
and
his
own
engaged
in
wars
against
the
Liberties
of
the
people
,
(
solemnly
proclaimed
in
Parliament
)
and
to
set
up
Prerogative
,
either
intended
or
managed
his
raign
that
way
(
how
ever
he
was
brought
into
his
Government
)
I
durst
affirm
to
be
a
Paradox
,
and
the
utmost
contradiction
;
I
am
sure
it
s
as
impossible
to
be
fouud
in
England
as
the
Philosophers
Stone
among
the
Peripatecicks
.
But
a
word
more
to
the
Title
,
between
the
now
present
Power
,
and
this
Charls
;
what
reason
is
there
,
and
equity
,
that
the
Parliament
of
England
(
take
them
in
what
qualification
you
will
(
following
to
the
utmost
the
first
principles
for
the
liberty
of
the
people
)
should
not
be
esteemed
as
just
heirs
,
and
their
Parliamentary
successors
as
this
young
Confident
?
shal
William
the
Norman
,
(
only
having
a
better
Sword
)
a
stranger
,
one
who
by
nature
was
never
born
heir
of
any
thing
,
create
himself
a
title
to
Enland
,
and
a
succession
for
many
score
of
years
,
meerly
on
that
account
?
and
shall
every
one
after
him
break
the
line
as
they
please
,
and
take
their
opportunities
to
make
themselves
roots
of
Kings
,
though
springing
in
the
Wilderness
?
Shall
Henry
the
Seventh
(
the
Father
of
us
all
)
who
was
little
less
then
a
Bastard
,
being
the
son
of
an
illegitimate
son
of
John
a
Gaunt
,
a
forraigner
,
and
private
man
,
by
fortune
and
power
give
himself
a
title
to
this
Crown
,
and
all
our
Kings
since
acknowledging
Right
by
that
Root
?
Must
those
Pretences
be
Sacred
which
have
only
the
Ordination
of
a
more
keen
and
glittering
sword
?
and
a
confirmation
by
Custome
be
thus
Divine
?
and
shall
not
the
Parliament
of
England
(
cloathed
with
the
Authority
of
all
the
People
,
and
carrying
all
the
Libertyes
of
England
with
them
)
backt
with
the
power
of
a
faythfull
Army
,
be
thought
(
in
the
utmost
Criticisme
of
reason
)
to
have
as
much
title
to
propagate
their
Successe
for
our
freedoms
,
as
they
have
had
to
convey
both
their
usurpation
and
tyranny
?
that
a
private
claym
by
a
better
Sword
should
be
jure
Divino
;
and
a
publique
Title
both
by
reason
,
success
,
and
providence
of
a
solemn
Assembly
,
who
have
been
many
years
opposing
the
former
oppressions
,
and
now
have
gained
it
,
should
not
be
accounted
valid
,
nor
of
equall
right
with
a
successive
illegall
claim
?
Let
all
the
world
be
judge
(
who
consider
the
premises
)
and
let
the
violentest
reason
unroyalis'd
speak
its
utmost
.
It
is
high
time
now
to
end
that
line
that
was
never
either
well
begun
,
or
directly
continued
;
Charls
the
Father
is
gone
to
his
own
place
,
and
so
is
Charls
the
Son
likewise
,
he
being
in
his
own
proper
Nation
,
Scotland
;
Let
us
keep
him
there
if
we
be
wise
,
and
intend
to
be
happy
,
and
let
England
disdain
to
be
under
the
domination
any
more
of
any
forraign
power
for
the
future
;
and
seeing
we
have
conquered
the
Conqueror
,
and
got
the
possession
of
the
true
English
title
,
by
justice
,
and
gallantry
;
Let
us
not
lose
it
again
,
by
any
pretence
of
a
particular
,
and
debauched
person
.
FINIS
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div A56345e-480
Dan.
Hist.
p.
14.
Speed
.
Speed
.
William
Rufus
.
Dan.
life
of
Henry
the
first
.
Dun.
Pryn.
Mat.
Paris
p.
961
Dan.
Hist.
p.
179.
Mat.
Paris
,
p.
8
,
9.
Master
Prin
,
the
Parliaments
interest
in
the
Militia
,
second
part
,
p.
38.
39.
Sir
Francis
Bacon
.
Martin
.
Suet.
lib
:
3.
c.
59.