item: #1 of 4
          id: 36934
      author: Lamprey, Louise
       title: In the Days of the Guild
        date: None
       words: 69471
      flesch: 86
     summary: Although Italian born, he had spent much of his life in France, and had known men of many nations, including the English. By the armorer's tower the fire burned bright In the long black shadows of coming night.
    keywords: abbey; abbot; alan; ancient; angelo; appleby; apprentice; aquitaine; arches; arms; artist; audrey; aunt; away; aye; barbara; barty; basil; basket; bat; bear; beautiful; beauty; bells; bench; bent; beppo; best; better; big; bird; bishop; bit; black; blossoms; blue; books; bouverel; bowl; box; boy; bread; breath; bridge; bright; broken; brother; brown; building; business; busy; byzantium; cakes; canterbury; cap; care; carver; carving; case; castle; cathedral; certain; chance; chest; children; church; cimarron; cities; city; clear; cloak; close; cloth; coin; cold; color; colored; common; company; content; cook; cornelys; corner; costly; cottage; country; course; court; craft; crispin; cross; crowd; cup; cut; dame; dark; daughter; david; day; days; deep; design; dickon; different; dishes; dog; door; dragon; early; earth; edrupt; edwitha; eggs; emperor; enamel; end; england; english; eyes; face; fair; faith; family; far; farm; farmer; father; feet; fellow; fields; figures; fine; fingers; finished; fire; fit; flemings; flemish; florentine; flowers; folk; foot; foreign; forest; france; free; french; friend; garden; garland; gate; gay; geese; gerard; giovanni; girl; glad; glass; god; gold; goldsmith; good; gray; great; green; group; guild; guy; hair; half; hand; handle; head; heart; heavy; help; henry; herbs; high; hill; hold; home; honor; hope; horses; hour; house; illustration; inside; ireland; irish; iron; italian; joan; job; journey; kind; kindly; king; lad; lady; lands; lane; large; late; laugh; lavender; law; lay; lead; leaf; leather; leaves; left; life; like; limoges; line; little; live; living; lombard; london; long; look; looking; loom; love; lysbeth; maids; making; man; market; mary; mason; master; matteo; men; merchant; metal; michael; middle; milan; mind; mixed; modern; money; monk; morning; mother; narrow; near; need; neighborhood; new; nicholas; night; norman; oak; old; old man; ones; open; order; outside; packet; padraig; padua; painting; paris; past; pattern; pay; penny; people; person; philippa; physician; picture; piece; place; plants; poor; poppet; possible; pottery; poultry; price; queen; quentin; quick; ranulph; ready; red; rest; richard; riding; ring; river; road; robert; rome; room; rose; rough; round; rule; safe; saint; saw; saxon; sea; secret; set; sheep; ships; shoe; shop; shoulder; silent; silk; silver; simon; sing; sketch; small; soft; song; sort; soul; spain; spice; square; standing; stars; state; stone; story; stranger; stream; street; strength; strong; sun; sure; sussex; talk; tapestries; tapestry; task; thee; things; thinking; thought; thread; time; tomaso; tools; tower; town; trade; travel; troubadour; trouble; true; turn; village; voice; walk; wall; warp; water; way; ways; weavers; weaving; web; west; white; wide; wife; wild; wilfrid; window; wise; woman; wonder; wood; wooden; wool; work; working; world; worth; woven; years; young; youth
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        item: #2 of 4
          id: 39030
      author: Hibbert, Francis Aiden
       title: The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury
        date: None
       words: 43867
      flesch: 67
     summary: Another derivation of _tenser_ has been given. In many places of recent growth, or where the old Gilds had been destroyed without there having been any construction of fresh machinery to take their place, deliberate grants were made of new trade companies.
    keywords: 14th; 15th; abbey; abuses; according; account; act; action; ages; altered; ancient; annual; apprentices; apprenticeship; articles; assistants; associations; attempt; attention; authorisation; authorities; authority; bailiffs; bakers; barbers; benefit; best; better; body; borough; brentano; brethren; brother; burgesses; business; cambridge; cap; capital; case; causes; centuries; century; certain; change; chantries; chapter; character; charters; chester; chief; christi; church; circumstances; city; class; classes; close; cloth; combrethren; commerce; commercial; common; communa; companies; company; composition; concerned; conditions; connection; conquest; consequence; considerable; constitutional; contrary; corporate; corporation; corpus; council; country; course; court; coventry; craft gilds; craftsmen; cunningham; custom; date; day; days; decay; degeneracy; desire; development; different; difficult; difficulties; direction; divers; drapers; duties; earlier; earliest; early; economic; edward; effect; efforts; elizabeth; end; england; english; english gilds; eny; etc; evident; exclusive; existence; extent; fact; favour; feast; features; feeling; fine; following; foreigners; fraternities; fraternity; free; freedom; freemen; frequent; friction; frith; functions; future; general; gild history; gilds; gildsmen; glovers; good; government; grant; great; gross; growth; hall; hand; help; henry; history; holy; house; howell; ibid; iii; importance; individual; industry; influence; infra; inhabitants; interest; interesting; internal; intruders; john; journeymen; king; labour; lands; large; later; law; laws; life; like; list; little; local; london; long; lord; machinery; man; manner; marches; market; mass; masters; materials; mayor; means; measure; mediæval; members; men; mention; mercers; merchant; merchant gild; mere; middle; modern; money; monopoly; municipal; national; nature; necessary; necessity; need; new; non; notice; number; oath; objects; occasion; officers; old; old gilds; open; order; ordinances; ordinary; organisation; oswestry; owen; parliament; particular; past; pay; people; period; persons; place; point; policy; poor; portion; power; practice; present; press; principal; private; privileges; procession; profit; property; provincial; public; purposes; real; reason; recent; records; reformation; regulation; relief; religious; religious gilds; result; richard; right; rise; royal; rule; saddlers; said; secure; select; shearmen; shows; shrewsbury; shrewsbury gilds; sidenote; signs; similar; skinners; small; social; societies; society; spirit; spite; state; statute; stock; strong; struggle; stubbs; subject; sui; supervision; support; supra; system; tailors; taking; tendency; tensers; thomas; thought; time; toll; town; townsmen; trade; traders; tradesmen; trading; unions; university; use; value; view; viii; vol; wales; wardens; way; wealth; welsh; winchester; women; wool; woollen; work; workmen; years; york
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        item: #3 of 4
          id: 44966
      author: Cunningham, W. (William)
       title: Craft Gilds
        date: None
       words: 6460
      flesch: 57
     summary: There is no need to idealise the times when they were formed, or the men who composed them; the very records of craft gilds show that the mediæval workman was quite capable of scamping his work and getting drunk when opportunity tempted him. So far for weavers; I wish now to turn to another craft in which we hear of craft gilds very early--the Bakers.
    keywords: apprentices; art; authority; bakers; case; century; certain; character; cloth; clothiers; common; conquest; considerable; coventry; craft; craft gilds; day; different; edward; evidence; fact; fullers; gilds; good; henry; industry; institutions; interest; journeymen; king; later; leet; life; master; mediæval; members; men; municipal; new; number; objects; old; ordinances; pageants; particular; past; powers; present; quality; real; regulations; royal; said; set; society; time; towns; trade; weavers; work
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        item: #4 of 4
          id: 45425
      author: Renard, Georges François
       title: Guilds in the Middle Ages
        date: None
       words: 46807
      flesch: 64
     summary: Such was the case at Florence, where, from the year 1293, twenty-one _Arti_ or unions of craft guilds nominated the Priors and the other supreme magistrates of the city; at Strasburg, where, during the fourteenth century, the City Council was formed from the delegates of twenty-five _Zünfte_, having the same constitution as the Arti of Florence; at Ghent, where at about the time of James van Artevelde the three _members_[80] of the State were formed by the weavers, the fullers, and the small crafts; at Boulogne, Siena, Bruges, Zurich, Liége, Spire, Worms, Ulm, Mayence, Augsburg, Cologne, etc.; where within sixty years similar revolutions occurred, putting the power into the hands of the guilds. In most cases the election was made directly by the masters alone, or indirectly by electors whom they nominated; sometimes, but rarely, the inferior _members_ of the complex guilds, journeymen of the simple guilds, took part, and a certain number of those elected belonged to their group.
    keywords: 8vo; account; advantage; affairs; ages; aim; ancient; appliances; apprentices; apprenticeship; arte; article; assistance; associations; attempt; authorities; authority; bad; balance; beginning; body; boissonnade; book; bread; burgesses; business; butchers; calimala; capital; case; causes; central; centuries; century; certain; change; chapter; character; children; church; cities; citizens; city; classes; closed; cloth; cole; combination; coming; commerce; commercial; common; communal; commune; competition; complete; complicated; conditions; connection; consuls; consumer; control; corporations; countries; country; course; court; craft; craft guilds; craftsmen; crown; curious; days; death; decay; decided; democratic; depuis; des; desire; development; different; difficult; direction; divided; division; documents; doubt; duties; economic; edict; edition; education; end; england; english; equal; essai; essential; europe; example; exclusive; existence; expense; extent; fact; fagniez; family; favour; feudal; fine; fixed; florence; food; force; foreign; form; france; free; freedom; french; funds; general; germany; gold; goldsmiths; goods; government; great; great guilds; greater; groups; guild system; guilds; half; hands; head; henry; histoire; history; hitherto; home; house; human; ideas; iii; importance; independence; individual; industrial; industrial guilds; industry; influence; instance; institutions; interest; internal; international; intervention; introduction; italy; journeymen; jurisdiction; kind; kingdom; known; l'organisation; labour; large; later; law; legal; les; letters; levasseur; liberty; life; limit; little; live; living; local; london; long; longer; lord; louis; magistrates; makers; making; man; manufacture; market; martin; masters; mastership; matter; means; measures; mechanical; mediaeval; mediaeval guilds; members; merchants; methods; middle; modern; money; monopolies; monopoly; movement; municipal; national; necessary; need; net; new; number; numerous; object; officers; official; old; open; order; organization; origin; outside; ouvriã¨res; paris; payment; people; period; piece; place; point; poitou; policy; political; poor; position; possible; power; practice; present; price; principle; privileges; producers; production; public; quality; question; rank; raw; reason; regulations; relatifs; relation; religious; renaissance; renard; return; rich; right; rise; rome; royal; rules; said; saint; sale; second; secret; self; separate; seventeenth; shops; short; silk; similar; simple; siã¨cle; small; social; society; sons; special; spirit; spite; state; statutes; strong; struggles; study; subject; supply; supremacy; sur; system; theories; things; thought; tier; time; towns; trade; traders; travail; true; turn; union; united; unity; use; view; vol; vols; volution; wage; war; way; wealth; weavers; wholesale; wine; women; wool; woollen; work; workers; working; workmen; workshops; world; years
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