







 
   
     
       
         The Leviathan heretical, or, The charge exhibited in Parliament against M. Hobbs justified by the refutation of a book of his entituled The historical narration of heresie and the punishments thereof by John Dowel.
         Dowell, John, ca. 1627-1690.
      
       
         
           1683
        
      
       Approx. 102 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 86 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A36460
         Wing D2056
         ESTC R27156
         09677860
         ocm 09677860
         43969
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A36460)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 43969)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1329:23)
      
       
         
           
             The Leviathan heretical, or, The charge exhibited in Parliament against M. Hobbs justified by the refutation of a book of his entituled The historical narration of heresie and the punishments thereof by John Dowel.
             Dowell, John, ca. 1627-1690.
          
           [13], 150 p.
           
             Printed by L. Lichfield and are to be sold by A. Stephens,
             Oxon :
             1683.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in the Trinity College Library, Cambridge University.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. -- Historical narration of heresie and the punishment thereof.
           Heresies, Christian.
           Heretics, Christian.
        
      
    
     
        2006-10 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2006-10 Aptara
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2007-05 Pip Willcox
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2007-05 Pip Willcox
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2008-02 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
           THE
           Leviathan
           HERETICAL
           :
           OR
           The
           Charge
           Exhibited
           in
           Parliament
           against
           M.
           Hobbs
           ,
           justified
           by
           the
           Refutation
           of
           a
           Book
           of
           his
           ,
           Entituled
           The
           Historical
           Narration
           of
           Heresie
           and
           the
           Punishments
           thereof
           .
           By
           JOHN
           DOWEL
           ,
           Vicar
           of
           Melton-Mowbray
           in
           Leicester
           Shire
           .
        
         
           OXON
           Printed
           by
           
             L.
             Lichfield
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             A.
             Stephens
          
           Bookseller
           1683.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           THE
           Author
           of
           this
           Tract
           may
           thus
           be
           reproached
           Are
           not
           the
           Corps
           of
           dead
           men
           Sacred
           ?
           To
           violate
           Tombs
           and
           Graves
           is
           Sacrilegious
           ,
           why
           doth
           the
           Author
           intend
           to
           disturb
           the
           Manes
           of
           this
           universal
           Scholar
           ?
           Will
           he
           not
           be
           permitted
           to
           sleep
           quietly
           in
           the
           Grave
           ?
           How
           unworthy
           a
           thing
           is
           it
           to
           insult
           over
           a
           dead
           Lyon
           ,
           and
           write
           against
           
           him
           who
           rests
           in
           the
           dust
           ?
           The
           Author
           hears
           these
           words
           with
           a
           quiet
           mind
           ;
           Certainly
           if
           to
           answer
           the
           works
           of
           those
           who
           are
           dead
           be
           so
           Criminal
           ,
           how
           hainous
           offendors
           have
           so
           many
           writers
           in
           all
           ages
           been
           ?
           and
           how
           Capital
           a
           Delinquent
           is
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           ,
           who
           hath
           by
           writeing
           endeavoured
           to
           render
           the
           sentiments
           of
           the
           best
           and
           most
           learned
           men
           ridiculous
           .
           This
           Treatise
           discourseth
           with
           his
           Ghost
           ;
           He
           dyed
           in
           1679
           ,
           and
           the
           Treatise
           came
           out
           in
           80.
           
           'T
           is
           his
           umbra
           ,
           it
           carries
           his
           own
           lineaments
           ,
           and
           speaks
           his
           own
           language
           .
           A
           Reverend
           Neighbour
           Minister
           ,
           a
           Learned
           
           Friend
           of
           the
           Authors
           ,
           acquainted
           him
           with
           the
           language
           of
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           in
           private
           discourse
           ,
           exactly
           agreeing
           with
           this
           Tract
           ,
           and
           we
           find
           the
           most
           of
           it
           
             cap
             1
             ,
             and
             2.
             de
             Heresi
             app
             .
             ad
             Leviath
             .
             Ed.
             Latina
             .
          
           I
           will
           acknowledge
           him
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           great
           parts
           ,
           of
           a
           wonderful
           vivacity
           to
           his
           old
           age
           ;
           that
           he
           had
           so
           fine
           a
           Pen
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           clearness
           ,
           and
           propriety
           of
           his
           Style
           ,
           and
           exactness
           of
           his
           method
           ,
           he
           gain'd
           more
           Proselytes
           than
           by
           his
           Principles
           :
           few
           exceed
           him
           in
           both
           languages
           ,
           but
           these
           aggrandize
           his
           Crimes
           ;
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           abused
           such
           excellent
           
           
           
           
           
           qualifications
           ,
           he
           hath
           so
           managed
           his
           Pen
           ,
           that
           many
           believe
           him
           unanswerable
           ,
           yet
           let
           this
           Tract
           be
           considered
           whether
           he
           be
           not
           fully
           refuted
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Contents
           of
           his
           Narrative
           .
           I
           will
           appeal
           to
           the
           Learned
           World
           ,
           whether
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           hath
           not
           thrown
           dirt
           and
           ugly
           expressions
           upon
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           the
           best
           of
           Councils
           ,
           the
           whole
           Christian
           Clergie
           ,
           and
           hath
           abused
           the
           English
           Laws
           .
        
         
           It
           may
           be
           again
           objected
           ,
           This
           Author
           durst
           not
           write
           whilst
           he
           was
           a
           live
           :
           Whom
           did
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           ever
           answer
           ,
           but
           the
           clear
           Pen
           of
           the
           Arch-B
           .
           of
           Armagh
           ,
           and
           the
           Great
           
           Professor
           
             Dr.
             Wallis
          
           ?
           In
           the
           Verses
           which
           he
           made
           of
           himself
           he
           vaunts
           a
           Victory
           ,
           the
           world
           is
           the
           Judge
           ,
           if
           what
           he
           saith
           be
           true
           ,
           
             That
             there
             is
             an
             Eternal
             Fate
             and
             Necessity
             :
          
           Why
           can
           he
           commend
           himself
           and
           discommend
           others
           ;
           If
           in
           these
           Lines
           the
           Author
           does
           a
           thing
           ill
           ,
           what
           reproof
           does
           he
           deserve
           ,
           he
           is
           hurried
           to
           it
           by
           a
           fatal
           Necessity
           .
           On
           this
           account
           his
           praising
           himself
           ,
           and
           dispraising
           others
           is
           groundless
           ,
           he
           is
           charged
           with
           contradictions
           from
           a
           great
           one
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           endeavours
           to
           vindicate
           himself
           ;
           but
           't
           is
           in
           vain
           ,
           his
           artifices
           are
           fruitless
           .
        
         
         
           One
           of
           his
           Moral
           and
           Political
           Principles
           is
           ,
           
             That
             whatsoever
             is
             just
             or
             unjust
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             received
             as
             true
             or
             false
             ,
             is
             by
             the
             approbation
             or
             rejection
             of
             the
             Supream
             Power
             .
          
           He
           writes
           his
           Ieviathan
           ,
           in
           which
           this
           is
           asserted
           and
           defended
           ,
           yet
           in
           the
           same
           eviathan
           he
           delivers
           those
           doctrines
           for
           true
           ,
           which
           are
           judged
           Heretical
           by
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           Laws
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           To
           evade
           this
           he
           useth
           all
           Art
           and
           Industry
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           First
           part
           of
           this
           Answer
           some
           Doctrines
           which
           he
           propagated
           in
           that
           Book
           are
           proved
           Heretical
           .
           In
           the
           Latter
           
           part
           is
           proved
           ,
           That
           these
           Doctrines
           are
           Criminal
           ,
           and
           the
           persons
           that
           maintain'd
           them
           are
           liable
           to
           be
           punished
           by
           the
           Civil
           Majestrate
           .
           His
           Book
           being
           
             An
             Historical
             Narrative
          
           ,
           the
           Author
           is
           forc'd
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           Books
           .
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           gives
           us
           several
           Histories
           ,
           but
           Quotes
           no
           Authour
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Answerer
           is
           compelled
           to
           cite
           the
           place
           whence
           he
           has
           taken
           them
           .
           No
           Memory
           ,
           Reading
           ,
           Vnderstanding
           or
           Observation
           is
           infinite
           ,
           therefore
           the
           Authour
           sometime
           useth
           this
           or
           the
           like
           expression
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           him
           it
           occurs
           ;
           he
           abstaines
           from
           all
           virulent
           
           language
           ;
           the
           hardest
           word
           ,
           and
           that
           but
           once
           used
           ,
           is
           Notoriously
           false
           .
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           gives
           occasion
           to
           dispute
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Leviathan
           ,
           but
           the
           Answerer
           prosecutes
           his
           design
           ,
           to
           make
           good
           the
           Contradiction
           ;
           as
           for
           Instance
           ,
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           averrs
           
             That
             God
             hath
             Parts
          
           ;
           here
           is
           a
           just
           occasion
           to
           dispute
           The
           Nature
           of
           Spirits
           ,
           but
           the
           Authour
           waves
           it
           ,
           't
           is
           sufficient
           to
           prove
           That
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           has
           judged
           that
           Proposition
           Heretical
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           has
           contradicted
           himself
           :
           He
           asserts
           ,
           
             That
             they
             who
             embr●ce
             the
             Liberty
             of
             the
             Will
             are
             allyed
             to
             the
             Manichees
             .
          
           
           This
           gives
           a
           fair
           opportunity
           to
           discourse
           of
           Liberty
           and
           Necessity
           :
           and
           he
           that
           seriously
           considers
           himself
           will
           find
           ,
           the
           freedom
           of
           his
           Will
           ariseth
           not
           from
           the
           flexibilty
           of
           the
           Vnderstanding
           ,
           flowing
           from
           various
           impressions
           upon
           that
           faculty
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           Dominion
           which
           the
           Will
           has
           over
           it self
           ,
           which
           the
           Greeks
           excellently
           express
           by
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           but
           the
           Authour
           does
           not
           medle
           with
           that
           Controversie
           ,
           contenting
           himself
           with
           the
           Demonstration
           of
           the
           absurdity
           of
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           his
           Imputation
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           is
           contrariant
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           .
           The
           
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Sacred
           Trinity
           is
           religiously
           imbrac'd
           and
           entertain
           ▪
           d
           by
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           by
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           in
           all
           ages
           ;
           hence
           Lucian
           in
           his
           Philopatris
           jeer'd
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           for
           believing
           such
           an
           incredible
           opinion
           ,
           That
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           should
           be
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             (
             i.
             e.
             )
             Tres
             Unus
             ,
          
           and
           
             Unus
             Tres
          
           ,
           Three
           Persons
           and
           One
           God
           ,
           which
           scoff
           shews
           sufficiently
           the
           Faith
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           .
           The
           Authour
           does
           not
           therefore
           dispute
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Trinity
           ,
           but
           wipes
           off
           all
           that
           Varnish
           with
           which
           Mr.
           Hobs
           useth
           to
           bide
           the
           deformity
           of
           
           his
           sentiments
           ,
           and
           makes
           him
           appear
           in
           his
           proper
           Colours
           ;
           proves
           him
           Heretical
           ,
           in
           being
           an
           enemy
           to
           the
           Faith
           ,
           and
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           .
           The
           like
           may
           be
           said
           of
           other
           things
           which
           the
           Author
           treats
           of
           ,
           the
           charge
           being
           made
           good
           ,
           that
           
             Mr.
             Hobs
          
           has
           notoriously
           contradicted
           himself
           :
           His
           book
           is
           answered
           ,
           and
           his
           great
           Postulatum
           demonstrated
           to
           be
           false
           ,
           in
           that
           he
           is
           forc'd
           to
           acknowledge
           those
           things
           which
           are
           contrary
           to
           it
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           DISCOURSE
           OF
           HERESIE
           .
        
         
           A
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           is
           a
           Greek
           word
           ,
           and
           the
           derivations
           that
           are
           given
           of
           Heresie
           from
           other
           words
           then
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Greek
           or
           Latine
           ,
           are
           fond
           and
           spurious
           .
           It
           was
           a
           word
           amongst
           the
           Philosophers
           ,
           Greek
           and
           Latine
           ,
           us'd
           for
           any
           Sect
           promiscuously
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           acception
           
           is
           indifferent
           ;
           but
           't
           is
           otherwise
           in
           sacred
           Scripture
           ,
           in
           Ecclesiastical
           Writers
           ,
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           Historians
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           't
           is
           alwaies
           us'd
           in
           an
           evil
           sense
           ,
           the
           
             Acts
             of
             the
             Apostles
          
           being
           excepted
           ,
           where
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           is
           alwaies
           translated
           Sect
           ,
           only
           Acts
           24.
           14.
           
           't
           is
           probable
           't
           is
           used
           in
           an
           ill
           sense
           .
           The
           Reason
           may
           be
           this
           ,
           The
           Catholick
           Church
           being
           one
           ,
           what
           opinion
           was
           broached
           by
           any
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Catholic
           Church
           ,
           receiv'd
           an
           ill
           stamp
           ,
           and
           was
           called
           Heresie
           .
           The
           several
           opinions
           of
           the
           Philosophers
           were
           not
           branded
           
           with
           an
           ill
           name
           ,
           they
           were
           not
           so
           fixed
           to
           one
           School
           ,
           that
           it
           should
           be
           impious
           to
           be
           of
           another
           :
           but
           't
           is
           otherwise
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           (
           which
           owneth
           the
           Holy
           Jesus
           to
           be
           her
           Master
           ,
           and
           Founder
           ,
           and
           glorying
           that
           she
           is
           the
           Pillar
           and
           ground
           of
           Truth
           )
           whosoever
           sets
           up
           for
           himself
           ,
           and
           divulgeth
           to
           the
           world
           an
           opinion
           contrary
           to
           the
           doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           he
           himself
           was
           judged
           an
           Heretick
           ,
           and
           his
           opinion
           ,
           an
           Heresie
           :
           On
           this
           account
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           ,
           in
           all
           ages
           the
           word
           Heresie
           was
           not
           a
           word
           
           of
           a
           middle
           ,
           or
           indifferent
           sense
           ,
           but
           of
           an
           evil
           ,
           and
           reproachful
           acceptation
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           granted
           ,
           that
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           was
           full
           of
           Philosophers
           when
           the
           Gospel
           was
           preached
           ,
           and
           that
           some
           ,
           not
           many
           ,
           were
           converted
           :
           but
           it
           is
           denied
           that
           most
           of
           the
           Pastors
           of
           the
           Church
           were
           chosen
           out
           of
           these
           Philosophers
           :
           The
           primitive
           Christians
           had
           a
           mighty
           jealousie
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           greatest
           Philosophers
           which
           were
           Christians
           ,
           were
           not
           Bishops
           :
           such
           were
           the
           Professors
           and
           Masters
           in
           the
           School
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           as
           
             Pantaenus
             ,
             
             Clemens
             Alexandrinus
             ,
             Origen
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           The
           Heathens
           objected
           against
           the
           Christians
           ,
           that
           few
           of
           them
           were
           Learned
           ,
           which
           caused
           St.
           Jerome
           to
           write
           his
           Book
           
             De
             Viris
             Illustribus
          
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           a
           gaeat
           attestation
           to
           the
           truth
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           that
           it
           appeared
           when
           Philosophy
           so
           much
           flourished
           in
           the
           world
           .
           Those
           great
           Wits
           ,
           which
           were
           so
           vastly
           furnished
           with
           Oratory
           ,
           Learnning
           ,
           and
           the
           Tongues
           ,
           if
           there
           had
           been
           any
           cheat
           acted
           by
           the
           Christians
           they
           would
           easily
           have
           detected
           it
           :
           therefore
           when
           
           Christ
           profest
           that
           by
           his
           works
           he
           might
           be
           known
           ,
           he
           and
           his
           Apostles
           wrought
           those
           Miracles
           which
           gave
           a
           clear
           attestation
           to
           his
           doctrine
           .
           No
           doubt
           ,
           but
           some
           of
           these
           Philosophers
           were
           converted
           ,
           but
           that
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           great
           skill
           in
           Oratory
           and
           Philosophy
           )
           most
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           were
           chosen
           out
           of
           the
           number
           of
           these
           Philosophers
           ;
           'T
           is
           deny'd
           .
           In
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           for
           the
           three
           first
           Centuries
           ,
           there
           was
           not
           a
           Philosopher
           made
           a
           Bishop
           .
        
         
           When
           Christians
           became
           
           numerous
           ,
           they
           sent
           their
           Children
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           Philosophy
           and
           the
           Liberal
           Sciences
           ,
           who
           became
           brave
           persons
           .
           But
           I
           am
           ignorant
           if
           any
           Philosopher
           converted
           was
           made
           a
           Bishop
           .
           What
           Hobbs
           averrs
           ,
           that
           these
           Pastors
           retaining
           their
           Philosophical
           Dogma's
           ,
           interpreting
           Scriptures
           according
           to
           their
           own
           Sect
           ,
           that
           thus
           at
           first
           Heresie
           entered
           into
           the
           Church
           ,
           is
           not
           true
           ;
           for
           Heresie
           was
           crept
           into
           the
           Church
           in
           the
           Apostles
           time
           ,
           St.
           Paul
           commands
           Christians
           to
           beware
           of
           Heresies
           ,
           and
           St.
           Peter
           saith
           there
           are
           
           those
           who
           shall
           privily
           bring
           in
           damnable
           Heresies
           .
           I
           do
           ackowledge
           Tertullian
           wrote
           smartly
           and
           truly
           ,
           when
           he
           term'd
           Philosophers
           the
           Patriarchs
           of
           Hereticks
           .
           
             De
             praescriptione
          
           .
           Irenaeus
           
             Lib.
             2.
             
             Cap.
          
           19.
           gives
           us
           an
           account
           from
           what
           Philosophers
           the
           Valentinian
           and
           
             Gnostick
             Heresies
          
           borrow'd
           their
           absurd
           and
           monstrous
           opinions
           ,
           But
           then
           we
           must
           say
           ,
           that
           these
           Hereticks
           were
           not
           Pastors
           in
           the
           Church
           .
           The
           first
           that
           broach't
           those
           prodigious
           opinions
           was
           
             Simon
             Magus
          
           ,
           who
           was
           onely
           baptiz'd
           .
           In
           
           the
           first
           Century
           ,
           there
           was
           not
           one
           Heretick
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           Pastor
           or
           Bishop
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           .
           The
           Heresie
           of
           the
           Nicholaitans
           took
           its
           rise
           from
           Nicholas
           one
           of
           the
           Seven
           Deacons
           :
           he
           did
           not
           broach
           that
           Heresie
           ,
           but
           some
           who
           misinterpreted
           a
           passage
           of
           his
           ,
           were
           the
           Authors
           of
           it
           .
           Nor
           any
           of
           the
           Christian
           Clergy
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           any
           Heresie
           in
           the
           second
           Century
           .
           Tatius
           was
           a
           great
           Orator
           converted
           by
           
             Justin
             Martyr
          
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           Heresie
           of
           the
           Encratites
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           not
           of
           the
           Clerical
           order
           .
           In
           the
           
           third
           Century
           .
           Novatus
           a
           Roman
           Presbyter
           broach't
           his
           Heresie
           (
           I
           speak
           according
           to
           the
           best
           knowledge
           I
           have
           in
           the
           Church
           history
           )
           viz.
           concerning
           the
           not
           receiving
           the
           Lapsi
           into
           Communion
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           not
           a
           Philosopher
           ,
           nor
           was
           his
           opinions
           any
           wise
           a
           kin
           to
           the
           Dogma's
           of
           the
           heathen
           Philosophers
           .
           Nepos
           was
           an
           Aegyptian
           Bishop
           ,
           not
           a
           profest
           Philosopher
           ;
           a
           person
           of
           great
           excellency
           in
           many
           things
           ,
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           opinion
           of
           Christs
           reigning
           a
           1000
           years
           upon
           Earth
           ,
           which
           opinion
           is
           founded
           ,
           not
           upon
           any
           of
           the
           Principles
           
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           but
           upon
           some
           passages
           in
           the
           Revelations
           .
           
             Paulus
             Samosatenus
          
           made
           Bishop
           of
           Antioch
           ,
           was
           the
           broacher
           of
           many
           evil
           Doctrines
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           not
           a
           Philosopher
           .
        
         
           The
           design
           of
           Mr.
           Hobbs
           easily
           appears
           ,
           he
           every
           where
           casts
           severe
           Reflections
           upon
           Christianity
           ,
           and
           its
           Professors
           .
           The
           Apostle
           condemns
           vain
           Philosophy
           ,
           Col.
           2.
           which
           in
           the
           sence
           of
           
             Cl
             Alexandrinus
          
           is
           the
           Epicurean
           Philosophy
           ,
           from
           which
           Hobs
           borrows
           his
           Principles
           ,
           
             Moral
             ,
             Natural
          
           ,
           and
           Political
           .
           
             "
             Upon
             the
             rising
             of
             a
             
             new
             opinion
             ,
             the
             Pastors
             of
             the
             Church
             assemble
             themselves
             ,
             if
             the
             Author
             of
             that
             Novelty
             persisted
             contrary
             to
             the
             determination
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             he
             was
             laid
             aside
             ,
             and
             considered
             as
             an
             heathen
             man
             (
             
               i.
               e.
            
             )
             they
             excommunicated
             him
             ,
             other
             punishments
             they
             could
             inflict
             none
             .
             "
          
           This
           shall
           be
           easily
           granted
           ,
           but
           what
           he
           subjoyns
           is
           utterly
           to
           be
           refused
           :
           That
           all
           the
           punishments
           the
           Church
           could
           inflict
           ,
           was
           only
           ignominy
           ;
           by
           this
           one
           stroke
           of
           his
           pen
           he
           hath
           cancel'd
           the
           New
           Testament
           .
           To
           
           say
           ,
           that
           excommunication
           ,
           or
           casting
           a
           man
           out
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           or
           esteeming
           him
           as
           an
           heathen
           man
           ,
           was
           but
           Infamy
           ,
           't
           is
           to
           deny
           Christianity
           .
           One
           of
           the
           great
           offices
           of
           the
           Church
           was
           Ecclesiastical
           discipline
           and
           the
           divine
           censures
           ,
           of
           which
           excommunication
           was
           the
           severest
           ,
           and
           is
           still
           ,
           if
           duely
           manag'd
           ,
           the
           greatest
           puishment
           .
           To
           be
           thrown
           out
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           to
           be
           depriv'd
           of
           the
           Prayers
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           to
           have
           no
           part
           in
           those
           offices
           of
           Religion
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Grace
           and
           Favour
           of
           God
           is
           obtain'd
           ,
           and
           to
           
           be
           delivered
           to
           Satan
           ,
           is
           this
           Infamy
           onely
           ?
           To
           be
           outlaw'd
           ,
           whereby
           a
           person
           is
           depriv'd
           of
           the
           benefit
           and
           liberty
           of
           the
           law
           ;
           he
           is
           deprived
           of
           the
           liberty
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           he
           enjoys
           not
           a
           free
           air
           ,
           house
           ,
           nor
           harbor
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           a
           Capital
           penalty
           is
           inflicted
           on
           those
           who
           afford
           him
           any
           reception
           or
           give
           him
           any
           relief
           ,
           he
           is
           exposed
           to
           the
           utmost
           peril
           of
           ruine
           except
           the
           outlawry
           be
           reverst
           .
           Is
           this
           only
           Infamy
           ?
           The
           Calamity
           that
           Excommunication
           involves
           a
           person
           in
           ,
           is
           far
           greater
           .
           For
           Excommunication
           acording
           
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           was
           reputed
           a
           sentence
           excluing
           the
           Excommunicated
           Persons
           from
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Heaven
           :
           and
           hence
           by
           Tertullian
           in
           his
           Apology
           called
           
             futuri
             judicij
             praejudicium
          
           .
           Is
           this
           only
           Infamy
           ?
           He
           might
           have
           said
           ,
           that
           Christianity
           is
           nothing
           ,
           the
           promises
           and
           threatnings
           contained
           in
           it
           are
           mere
           Chimaera's
           :
           thence
           ,
           tho
           they
           that
           embrace
           it
           ,
           do
           entertain
           such
           a
           belief
           ,
           t
           is
           but
           a
           fancy
           ,
           therefore
           all
           the
           evil
           which
           attends
           by
           excommunicationis
           onely
           Infamy
           .
           Excommunication
           was
           not
           
           onely
           for
           Heresies
           ,
           but
           likewise
           for
           immoralities
           ;
           and
           excommunication
           did
           not
           brand
           a
           man
           for
           an
           Heretick
           ,
           but
           the
           person
           being
           rendred
           infamous
           for
           his
           Heresie
           was
           (
           if
           in
           the
           bosome
           of
           the
           Church
           )
           cast
           out
           .
           That
           Heretick
           and
           Catholick
           became
           not
           Relatives
           by
           this
           excommunication
           ,
           nor
           by
           this
           did
           Heretick
           become
           a
           name
           ,
           and
           a
           name
           of
           disgrace
           both
           together
           .
           A
           Person
           by
           becoming
           an
           Heretick
           was
           excommunicated
           ,
           this
           name
           did
           preceed
           ,
           not
           follow
           excommunication
           .
           It
           must
           be
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           the
           Heresies
           concerning
           
           the
           Trinity
           were
           very
           troublesome
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           not
           so
           vexatious
           during
           the
           ten
           Persecutions
           ,
           as
           in
           Constantines
           time
           ,
           and
           after
           ;
           but
           what
           is
           the
           cause
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           proposes
           the
           Troubles
           arising
           from
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Trinity
           ,
           he
           would
           mix
           those
           doctrines
           which
           were
           wholly
           alienated
           from
           the
           doctrine
           of
           the
           Trinity
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           the
           Manichees
           .
        
         
           
             "
             For
             ,
             saith
             he
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             usual
             Curiosity
             of
             Natural
             Philosophy
             ,
             they
             could
             not
             abstain
             from
             disputing
             the
             first
             principles
             
             of
             Christianity
             ,
             into
             which
             they
             were
             Baptized
             in
             the
             name
             of
             the
             Father
             ,
             Son
             ,
             and
             Holy-Ghost
             .
             Some
             there
             were
             who
             made
             them
             Allegorical
             ;
             others
             would
             make
             one
             Creator
             of
             Good
             another
             of
             Evil.
             This
             was
             the
             principal
             Tenet
             of
             the
             Manichees
             ,
             who
             took
             their
             Names
             from
             one
             Manes
             .
             This
             Monstrous
             opinion
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             two
             Eternal
             Principles
             ,
             Light
             and
             Darkness
             ,
             these
             were
             two
             Contrary
             Gods
             ,
             the
             one
             the
             Author
             of
             Good
             ,
             the
             other
             of
             Evil.
             What
             is
             this
             to
             the
             Trinity
             ?
             "
          
           That
           which
           
           he
           adds
           is
           not
           to
           be
           endured
           ,
           
             "
             From
             which
             doctrine
             they
             are
             not
             far
             distant
             that
             now
             make
             the
             first
             cause
             of
             Sinful
             actions
             to
             be
             every
             man
             as
             to
             his
             own
             Sin.
             "
          
           Is
           this
           great
           Truth
           Manichism
           ?
           To
           say
           man
           by
           his
           free-will
           is
           the
           Author
           of
           Sin.
           In
           commendation
           of
           himself
           in
           his
           own
           life
           thus
           ?
           
             "
             I
             Printed
             then
             two
             treatises
             that
             stung
             the
             Bishop
             Bramhal
             in
             his
             Mother
             Tongue
             .
             The
             question
             at
             the
             time
             was
             ,
             and
             is
             still
             ,
             whether
             at
             Gods
             ,
             or
             our
             own
             choice
             we
             will
             :
             "
          
           Can
           we
           will
           evil
           at
           Gods
           
           choice
           ?
           We
           therefore
           do
           affirm
           expressly
           contrariant
           to
           Mr.
           Hobs
           ,
           that
           the
           causation
           of
           Evil
           cannot
           be
           attributed
           to
           God
           without
           Impiety
           .
           He
           mentioning
           our
           late
           fatal
           Wars
           thus
           —
           
             Such
             Crimes
             and
             Sufferings
             I
             will
             not
             impute
             unto
             the
             Deity
             .
          
        
         
           I
           have
           no
           Sence
           if
           this
           be
           not
           a
           Repugnancy
           ,
           in
           this
           Tract
           he
           affirms
           that
           those
           who
           assert
           ,
           that
           the
           causation
           of
           Evil
           cannot
           be
           attributed
           to
           God
           are
           allyed
           to
           the
           Manichees
           .
        
         
           And
           yet
           when
           in
           the
           Verses
           ,
           which
           respect
           his
           life
           ,
           
           he
           recounts
           the
           English
           Evils
           and
           Calamities
           during
           the
           Wars
           ,
           he
           dares
           not
           impute
           them
           to
           the
           Deity
           .
           Truly
           how
           far
           this
           Opinion
           is
           from
           Manichaism
           ,
           let
           the
           World
           Judge
           .
           Can
           any
           man
           have
           sence
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           if
           Sin
           flows
           from
           God
           the
           first
           Cause
           ,
           but
           it
           must
           be
           attributed
           to
           him
           ?
           The
           Manichees
           believe
           an
           Eternal
           being
           the
           Author
           of
           all
           Evil.
           Take
           their
           Monstrous
           opinion
           from
           themselves
           .
           There
           was
           an
           Epistle
           which
           they
           in
           St.
           Austin
           called
           the
           Fundamentum
           ,
           and
           thus
           begins
           .
           
             Manichaeus
             
             Apostolus
             Jesu
             Christi
             ,
             Providentiâ
             Dei
             Patris
             ,
             haec
             sunt
             salubria
             verba
             de
             vivo
             ac
             perenni
             Fonte
             .
             Manichaeus
          
           the
           Apostle
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           by
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           the
           Father
           these
           are
           sound
           and
           wholsōe
           words
           flowing
           from
           a
           Liveing
           and
           Perpetual
           Fountain
           .
           In
           this
           Epistle
           ,
           thus
           ,
           
             In
             exordio
             fuêre
             duae
             substantiae
             a
             se
             divisae
             &c.
             
          
           In
           the
           beginning
           there
           were
           two
           substances
           divided
           from
           one
           another
           .
           God
           the
           Father
           had
           the
           cōmand
           of
           Light
           ;
           and
           then
           he
           proceeds
           to
           describe
           that
           kingdom
           ,
           he
           then
           goes
           to
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Darkness
           ,
           
           which
           was
           at
           the
           side
           of
           Light
           ,
           giveing
           a
           wild
           description
           of
           that
           Kingdome
           of
           Darkness
           .
           He
           gives
           an
           account
           of
           the
           Black
           King
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           with
           his
           hideous
           Train
           assaulted
           God
           the
           Father
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           Light
           ;
           who
           being
           affraid
           of
           him
           ,
           sent
           some
           of
           his
           Troops
           ,
           who
           mixing
           with
           the
           Black
           Regiments
           ,
           formed
           his
           World.
           That
           what
           is
           Good
           must
           come
           from
           the
           King
           of
           Light
           ,
           what
           is
           bad
           from
           the
           King
           of
           Darkness
           .
           These
           frenzies
           of
           him
           who
           was
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           bewitched
           once
           that
           great
           man
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           Grace
           of
           God
           beeing
           
           inlightned
           fell
           from
           them
           to
           the
           Catholic
           Church
           .
        
         
           St.
           Augustine
           a
           Presbyter
           in
           Hippo
           disputes
           Fortunatus
           a
           Manichaean
           Presbyter
           of
           that
           City
           .
           Both
           dispute
           about
           the
           
             Original
             of
             the
             Evil
             of
             Sin
             ,
          
           he
           assigns
           it
           to
           the
           
             Black
             Prince
          
           ,
           &
           quitting
           the
           Cause
           ,
           affirmed
           ,
           it
           could
           have
           no
           other
           Original
           then
           from
           the
           Evil
           Nature
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Darkness
           .
           The
           like
           we
           find
           in
           his
           second
           dispute
           with
           Felix
           the
           Manichaean
           .
           Saint
           Austin
           assigns
           rightly
           this
           to
           the
           Free
           will
           of
           man.
           It
           cannot
           enter
           into
           my
           head
           ,
           why
           Mr.
           Hobs
           should
           give
           this
           
           assertion
           ,
           my
           understanding
           is
           too
           shallow
           to
           fathom
           this
           depth
           .
        
         
           Nothing
           farther
           to
           be
           reproved
           till
           we
           come
           to
           the
           6
           page
           ,
           onely
           this
           passage
           may
           receive
           a
           little
           Censure
           pag
           6
           
             "
             Constantine
             the
             great
             was
             made
             by
             the
             valor
             and
             assistance
             of
             the
             Christian
             Soldiers
             sole
             Emperor
             .
             "
          
           He
           not
           much
           regarding
           the
           peculiar
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           takes
           nonotice
           of
           that
           great
           miracle
           of
           y
           e
           Cross
           appearing
           at
           Noon
           ,
           with
           this
           inscription
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           The
           whole
           Army
           of
           Constantine
           was
           inferior
           to
           Magnentius
           his
           Forces
           ,
           a
           
           small
           number
           of
           his
           Soldiers
           were
           Christians
           ,
           it
           was
           more
           the
           peculiar
           action
           of
           the
           Arme
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           which
           dissipated
           the
           Army
           of
           Magnentius
           ,
           and
           gave
           the
           Eagles
           to
           Constantine
           .
           
             "
             In
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             his
             time
             their
             arose
             a
             dispute
             between
             Alexander
             the
             Bishop
             ,
             and
             Arrius
             the
             Presbyter
             of
             that
             City
             .
             "
          
           Here
           the
           Philosopher
           hath
           erred
           in
           his
           Chronology
           ,
           for
           for
           the
           quarrel
           between
           them
           began
           before
           the
           Licinian
           Persecution
           ,
           in
           the
           Tenth
           of
           
           Constantin's
           ;
           who
           commanded
           the
           Empire
           37
           years
           .
           Would
           this
           was
           the
           worst
           
           Error
           !
           
             "
             This
             Controversy
             between
             the
             Inhabitants
             and
             Souldiers
             ,
             presently
             became
             a
             quarrel
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             cause
             of
             much
             bloodshed
             in
             and
             about
             the
             City
             .
             This
             so
             far
             concerned
             the
             Emperors
             Civil
             government
             ,
             that
             he
             thought
             it
             necessary
             to
             call
             a
             general
             Council
             of
             all
             the
             Bishops
             and
             other
             eminent
             Divines
             throwout
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             to
             meet
             at
             the
             City
             of
             Nice
             .
             "
          
           Indeed
           I
           read
           in
           the
           Time
           of
           Constantius
           ,
           the
           Aarrians
           prosecuted
           the
           Catholicks
           with
           the
           greatest
           fury
           imaginable
           .
           The
           lamentable
           
           Tragedy
           of
           which
           is
           given
           us
           by
           an
           Alexandrian
           Synod
           ,
           in
           their
           Letters
           to
           Julius
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           .
           But
           that
           any
           murders
           were
           committed
           during
           the
           Reign
           of
           Constantine
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           observe
           ;
           but
           to
           lessen
           the
           honor
           of
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           he
           assigns
           the
           calling
           of
           that
           Council
           to
           the
           Peace
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           The
           prime
           reason
           was
           the
           Establishing
           the
           Peace
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           the
           Uniformity
           in
           Doctrine
           ,
           which
           will
           be
           manifested
           ,
           he
           said
           to
           the
           Fathers
           in
           his
           Exhortation
           to
           them
           ,
           
             "
             That
             they
             would
             fall
             in
             hand
             w
             th
             
             the
             Articles
             of
             Faith
             ,
             and
             whatsoever
             they
             should
             decree
             therein
             ,
             he
             would
             cause
             to
             be
             Observed
             :
             "
          
           On
           which
           he
           thus
           Animadverts
           ,
           
             "
             This
             may
             perhaps
             seem
             a
             great
             indifferency
             ,
             then
             would
             in
             these
             Days
             be
             approved
             off
             .
             "
          
           I
           know
           not
           the
           sence
           of
           this
           reflection
           ,
           for
           what
           could
           be
           more
           desired
           by
           a
           Council
           of
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           then
           to
           assure
           them
           that
           he
           would
           ratify
           those
           Canons
           which
           they
           decreed
           ,
           cencerning
           the
           things
           they
           were
           called
           for
           .
           The
           main
           of
           the
           discourse
           is
           concerning
           his
           animadversions
           on
           this
           Article
           ,
           
             Begotten
             ,
             
             not
             made
             ,
             being
             of
             one
             Substance
             with
             the
             Father
             .
          
           Thus
           he
           :
           
             "
             In
             this
             they
             condemn
             the
             doctrine
             of
             Armus
             ,
             for
             this
             word
             ,
             
               of
               one
               Substance
            
             ,
             in
             Latine
             Consubstantialis
             in
             Greek
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             was
             put
             as
             a
             touch-stone
             to
             discern
             an
             Arrian
             from
             a
             Catholick
             ,
             and
             much
             ado
             their
             was
             about
             it
             .
             "
          
           Thus
           far
           t
           is
           true
           ,
           but
           the
           verity
           of
           he
           subsequent
           discourse
           must
           be
           considered
           .
        
         
           
             "
             Constantine
             himself
             at
             the
             passing
             of
             it
             took
             it
             for
             an
             hard
             Word
             ,
             but
             yet
             approved
             it
             :
             "
          
           The
           account
           is
           given
           by
           Eusebius
           in
           his
           Epistle
           
           to
           his
           flock
           ,
           in
           
             Caesarea
             .
             Theod.
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
          
           12.
           he
           acquaints
           them
           what
           a
           form
           of
           sound
           words
           he
           presented
           to
           the
           Synod
           at
           Nice
           ,
           w
           ch
           the
           Emperor
           and
           Synod
           allowed
           and
           approved
           :
           but
           the
           Synod
           was
           not
           satisfyed
           except
           this
           one
           word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           was
           inserted
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Synod
           entered
           into
           a
           long
           debate
           ,
           and
           it
           past
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           &c.
           we
           did
           not
           admit
           without
           enquiry
           ,
           which
           was
           after
           this
           manner
           .
           That
           word
           ,
           
             of
             one
             substance
          
           was
           not
           to
           be
           understood
           according
           to
           any
           Corporeal
           passion
           ;
           That
           it
           was
           not
           a
           Subsistence
           by
           any
           division
           
           or
           abscission
           from
           the
           Father
           .
           For
           an
           immaterial
           ,
           intellectual
           ,
           and
           incorporeal
           Nature
           can't
           be
           the
           subject
           of
           Corporeal
           passions
           ,
           it
           behov'd
           that
           such
           things
           ought
           to
           be
           express'd
           in
           divine
           and
           arcane
           words
           .
           Thus
           our
           most
           wise
           and
           religious
           Emperour
           did
           Philosophise
           .
           And
           Theoderet
           ,
           cap.
           13.
           saith
           that
           word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           was
           not
           invented
           by
           the
           Fathers
           ,
           but
           received
           from
           former
           ages
           ,
           and
           devolved
           from
           Fathers
           to
           Children
           .
           
             "
             Constantine
             calling
             that
             word
             Divine
             not
             because
             it
             was
             in
             the
             divine
             Scripture
             ,
             "
          
           for
           it
           was
           
           not
           there
           ,
           This
           is
           acknowledged
           .
           
             "
             But
             because
             it
             was
             to
             him
             an
             Arcanum
             not
             sufficiently
             undeistood
             ,
             "
          
           Mr.
           Hobs
           takes
           all
           the
           occasion
           to
           cast
           a
           contempt
           upon
           the
           Council
           ;
           t
           is
           fit
           their
           should
           be
           suitable
           words
           ,
           for
           tho
           the
           mystery
           cannot
           be
           rightly
           understood
           ,
           yet
           the
           sence
           of
           the
           word
           may
           very
           well
           be
           understood
           .
           This
           word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           may
           well
           enough
           be
           known
           ,
           yet
           how
           the
           son
           of
           God
           should
           be
           of
           the
           same
           substance
           with
           the
           Father
           ,
           is
           not
           so
           intelligible
           ,
           his
           reflection
           upon
           the
           Emperor
           is
           unworthy
           a
           Gentleman
           .
           
           
             "
             And
             in
             this
             appeared
             the
             indifferency
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             had
             for
             his
             end
             in
             calling
             the
             Synod
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             the
             Truth
             as
             the
             Uniformity
             of
             the
             doctrine
             ,
             and
             the
             Peace
             of
             his
             People
             yet
             depended
             on
             it
             .
             "
          
        
         
           This
           is
           a
           most
           notorious
           scandal
           ;
           What!
           the
           famous
           Constantine
           ,
           who
           put
           a
           period
           to
           persecution
           ,
           restored
           peace
           to
           Christians
           ,
           and
           made
           Christianity
           to
           florish
           ,
           what
           this
           Constantine
           to
           play
           the
           Hypocrite
           ?
           Constantine
           did
           desire
           the
           Uniformity
           in
           Doctrine
           ,
           but
           not
           in
           an
           evil
           Doctrine
           ,
           and
           the
           Peace
           
           of
           his
           people
           ,
           but
           he
           would
           not
           build
           this
           upon
           the
           foundation
           of
           Sin
           and
           and
           Heresy
           .
           Before
           that
           celebrated
           Emperor
           convened
           the
           Council
           ,
           he
           was
           convinced
           of
           the
           true
           Faith
           ,
           which
           appeared
           by
           his
           Discourse
           with
           Arrius
           ,
           and
           his
           large
           letter
           to
           the
           Churches
           in
           Romania
           .
           They
           who
           read
           the
           letters
           of
           Constantine
           concerning
           Arrius
           before
           the
           Council
           was
           call'd
           Constantines
           Edict
           ,
           for
           the
           Convening
           of
           the
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           his
           pious
           and
           sweet
           Orations
           to
           the
           Council
           ,
           will
           find
           ,
           that
           Constantine's
           Designe
           was
           ,
           that
           so
           great
           an
           
           Assembly
           of
           the
           best
           Divines
           should
           settle
           the
           Church
           upon
           the
           Foundation
           of
           Truth
           and
           peace
           .
           Further
           ,
           
             "
             the
             cause
             of
             the
             obscurity
             of
             this
             word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             proceeded
             clearly
             from
             the
             difference
             of
             the
             Greek
             and
             Roman
             dialect
             in
             the
             Phylosophy
             of
             the
             Peripateticks
             ,
             "
          
           ,
           what
           should
           cast
           Mr.
           Hobs
           into
           this
           sentiment
           I
           cannot
           understand
           ;
           all
           his
           subsequent
           discourse
           is
           of
           Essence
           or
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           As
           to
           this
           I
           know
           no
           difference
           in
           the
           Greek
           and
           Latine
           Dialect
           .
           Both
           Greek
           and
           Latine
           in
           the
           Sence
           of
           ●hat
           agreed
           .
           The
           Arrians
           
           and
           Catholicks
           were
           Harmonious
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           why
           Mr.
           Hobs
           should
           make
           their
           difference
           to
           consist
           in
           that
           which
           they
           did
           agree
           ,
           is
           to
           me
           unintelligible
           .
           The
           difference
           lay
           in
           the
           Adjective
           ;
           there
           is
           one
           letter
           (
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           )
           that
           makes
           it
           ;
           all
           Schools
           agree
           in
           this
           ,
           that
           like
           is
           not
           the
           same
           ;
           the
           Arrians
           would
           allow
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           of
           a
           substance
           like
           to
           the
           father
           ,
           but
           not
           this
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           of
           the
           same
           Substance
           with
           the
           Father
           .
           It
           manifestly
           appears
           to
           be
           a
           wild
           excursion
           of
           Mr.
           Hobs
           to
           discourse
           and
           quible
           upon
           
           the
           Sence
           of
           this
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           Essence
           ,
           and
           Substance
           ,
           when
           the
           dispute
           did
           not
           lye
           in
           that
           ;
           yet
           if
           there
           be
           a
           connexion
           in
           his
           discourse
           ,
           in
           that
           ,
           according
           to
           him
           ,
           it
           did
           consist
           :
           but
           we
           will
           follow
           him
           in
           the
           Chace
           .
           
             "
             The
             first
             principle
             of
             all
             Religion
             in
             all
             Nations
             is
             ,
             God
             is
             .
             This
             is
             a
             truth
             .
             That
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             God
             really
             is
             something
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             meere
             fancy
             .
             "
          
           This
           is
           not
           well
           sayd
           ,
           It
           is
           with
           a
           diminution
           ,
           for
           when
           we
           understand
           the
           Notion
           of
           a
           God
           ,
           then
           we
           must
           have
           a
           conception
           of
           a
           being
           which
           is
           infinitely
           
           wise
           ,
           Good
           ,
           Powerful
           ,
           Eternal
           .
           &c.
           
           
             "
             but
             that
             which
             is
             really
             something
             is
             considerable
             alone
             by
             it self
             ,
             as
             being
             somewhere
             ,
             so
             the
             Earth
             ,
             the
             Air
             are
             all
             of
             them
             things
             real
             ;
             whatsoever
             is
             in
             any
             place
             hath
             dimēsion
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             Magnitude
             ,
             and
             this
             which
             hath
             Magnitude
             whether
             it
             be
             visible
             or
             invisible
             is
             called
             by
             all
             the
             learned
             a
             Body
             ,
             If
             it
             be
             finite
             ,
             &
             body
             or
             Corporeal
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             infinite
             ,
             it
             followeth
             ,
             that
             all
             real
             things
             in
             that
             they
             are
             somewhere
             ,
             are
             corporeal
             ,
             "
          
           which
           
           Paragraph
           gives
           occasion
           of
           these
           2
           considerable
           things
           .
           1.
           
           Whether
           there
           be
           any
           real
           being
           but
           that
           which
           is
           a
           body
           ,
           and
           hath
           magnitude
           ?
           2.
           
           Wherein
           the
           Nature
           of
           Infinity
           consists
           ?
           As
           to
           the
           first
           we
           will
           grant
           ,
           that
           all
           learn'd
           men
           say
           whatsoever
           hath
           Magnitude
           is
           a
           Body
           ;
           yet
           it
           must
           be
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           the
           most
           and
           best
           of
           the
           Literati
           affirme
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           real
           Beings
           ,
           which
           are
           not
           bodys
           ,
           and
           have
           no
           Magnitude
           ,
           The
           chief
           of
           which
           we
           say
           is
           God
           ,
           and
           t
           is
           impossible
           to
           have
           any
           conception
           of
           a
           
           God
           ,
           but
           he
           must
           remove
           from
           him
           the
           conception
           of
           a
           Body
           ;
           A
           Body
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           divisible
           and
           have
           such
           parts
           w
           ch
           can't
           be
           competent
           to
           a
           Deity
           ,
           so
           that
           great
           Attribute
           of
           God's
           Immutability
           is
           lost
           ,
           He
           being
           a
           thing
           that
           may
           be
           changed
           ;
           nor
           can
           this
           consist
           with
           Gods
           Omnipotency
           ;
           how
           can
           we
           think
           matter
           can
           be
           omnipotent
           ,
           if
           we
           seriously
           cast
           our
           Eyes
           upon
           this
           world
           to
           contemplate
           its
           beauty
           ,
           order
           and
           greatness
           ;
           Is
           't
           possible
           to
           conceive
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           the
           product
           of
           Matter
           ?
           No
           ,
           the
           notion
           of
           a
           God
           must
           include
           
           in
           its
           self
           the
           Notion
           of
           Infinity
           .
           An
           Infinite
           cannot
           consist
           of
           finite
           parts
           ;
           several
           finites
           cannot
           amount
           to
           one
           infinite
           ,
           therefore
           God
           cannot
           have
           parts
           ,
           wherefore
           it
           must
           be
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           a
           being
           which
           is
           not
           corporeal
           ,
           and
           farther
           t
           is
           most
           certain
           that
           Hobs
           contradicts
           his
           own
           great
           principle
           ,
           that
           the
           supream
           Power
           is
           the
           sole
           Judge
           of
           Good
           and
           Evil
           ,
           Truth
           and
           Falsehood
           .
           He
           is
           a
           Subject
           to
           the
           King
           of
           England
           by
           whose
           law
           the
           Nicene
           Council
           was
           ratified
           ,
           which
           decreed
           that
           God
           is
           an
           immaterial
           
           and
           incorporeal
           Substance
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           own
           Law
           hath
           declared
           that
           God
           hath
           no
           parts
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           As
           to
           the
           Nature
           of
           a
           Thing
           infinite
           ,
           there
           can
           be
           but
           two
           just
           acceptions
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           It
           signifies
           a
           being
           which
           includes
           in
           it self
           all
           perfections
           ,
           and
           so
           it
           connotes
           the
           great
           God
           ,
           the
           Eternal
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           this
           infers
           ,
           there
           cannot
           be
           two
           Infinites
           ,
           for
           there
           must
           not
           be
           two
           of
           all
           perfections
           .
           2.
           
           Or
           a
           being
           that
           is
           boundless
           ,
           or
           hath
           no
           terme
           .
           The
           name
           Infinite
           may
           be
           given
           to
           other
           things
           ,
           
           as
           an
           Infinite
           Sea
           because
           it
           cannot
           be
           exhausted
           ,
           take
           what
           water
           out
           of
           it
           you
           please
           ,
           the
           Sea
           remaines
           as
           full
           as
           before
           ;
           Infinite
           words
           ,
           Infinite
           Numbers
           ,
           yet
           there
           are
           bounds
           to
           them
           ,
           the
           Sea
           may
           be
           fathomed
           ,
           Words
           have
           their
           Numbers
           ,
           none
           can
           imagine
           a
           line
           drawn
           to
           such
           a
           length
           but
           it
           may
           be
           drawn
           longer
           ,
           fancy
           any
           number
           ,
           there
           may
           be
           an
           addition
           ,
           these
           are
           not
           properly
           Infinites
           ,
           as
           a
           little
           Stick
           we
           see
           bounded
           ,
           yet
           divided
           it
           may
           be
           into
           Infinite
           parts
           (
           
             i.
             e.
          
           )
           it
           will
           be
           still
           capable
           of
           division
           ,
           for
           nothing
           
           is
           material
           ,
           but
           each
           part
           will
           be
           material
           .
           'T
           is
           clear
           that
           nothing
           can
           be
           esteemed
           infinite
           but
           Space
           ,
           in
           my
           apprehension
           .
           Space
           simply
           conceived
           is
           nothing
           ,
           't
           is
           a
           mere
           imagination
           ,
           so
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           nothing
           Corporeal
           is
           Infinite
           .
           That
           which
           he
           subjoyns
           concerning
           Essence
           ,
           and
           Deity
           shall
           be
           considered
           ,
           what
           he
           says
           of
           Whiteness
           and
           Blackness
           will
           be
           granted
           but
           what
           he
           intends
           by
           it
           ,
           shall
           ,
           be
           presently
           examined
           .
           
             "
             These
             Real
             things
             ,
             are
             called
             by
             the
             Latine
             Philosophers
             
               Entia
               ,
               subjecta
               ,
               substantiae
            
             ,
             and
             by
             
             the
             Greek
             Philosophers
             :
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             The
             other
             which
             are
             Incorporeal
             ,
             are
             called
             by
             the
             Greek
             Philosophers
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             but
             most
             of
             the
             Latine
             Philosophers
             use
             to
             convert
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             into
             substantia
             ,
             and
             so
             confound
             real
             and
             corporeal
             things
             with
             incorporeal
             which
             is
             not
             well
             .
             For
             Essence
             and
             Substance
             signifie
             divers
             things
             .
             "
          
           To
           which
           't
           is
           thus
           returned
           ;
           why
           doth
           Mr.
           Hobs
           call
           any
           thing
           Incorporeal
           ,
           when
           he
           asserts
           there
           's
           nothing
           but
           what
           is
           a
           Body
           ?
        
         
         
           2.
           
           What
           philosophers
           say
           substantiae
           are
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           other
           things
           are
           so
           called
           which
           are
           not
           substantiae
           ;
           and
           who
           saith
           that
           White
           and
           Black
           are
           substantia
           and
           subjecta
           ,
           seeing
           white
           and
           black
           have
           their
           substrata
           ,
           which
           are
           different
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           separable
           ,
           for
           that
           substratum
           which
           is
           now
           white
           ,
           may
           anon
           be
           black
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           By
           the
           Greek
           Philosophers
           Incorporeal
           things
           are
           not
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           for
           these
           are
           accidentia
           ;
           nor
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           for
           the
           spectra
           are
           subjects
           of
           the
           eye
           ,
           and
           what
           is
           the
           object
           of
           sense
           is
           material
           ,
           
           but
           they
           are
           by
           them
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Latine
           Authors
           doe
           well
           in
           translating
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           sometimes
           Substantia
           ,
           sometimes
           Essentia
           ,
           Essence
           and
           Substande
           do
           differ
           ,
           but
           the
           Greek
           is
           copious
           ▪
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           signifies
           Essence
           and
           Substance
           ,
           expresly
           
             Arist
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
          
           9.
           gives
           these
           two
           significations
           of
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           that
           it
           signifies
           both
           Essence
           and
           Substance
           .
           The
           Latines
           take
           their
           measures
           from
           the
           Greeks
           .
           They
           confound
           not
           Essence
           and
           Substance
           ,
           who
           give
           the
           just
           Translation
           according
           to
           the
           true
           sense
           ,
           it
           having
           divers
           acceptations
           ,
           
           and
           therefore
           this
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           is
           truely
           rendred
           
             One
             of
             the
             same
             Substance
          
           .
        
         
           
             '
             And
             this
             mistake
             is
             receiv'd
             ,
             and
             continues
             still
             in
             these
             parts
             ,
             in
             all
             disputes
             both
             of
             Philosophy
             and
             Divinity
             ;
             for
             in
             truth
             Essentia
             signified
             no
             more
             than
             if
             we
             should
             talk
             ridiculously
             of
             the
             Isness
             of
             the
             thing
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             (
             By
             whom
             all
             things
             were
             made
             )
             this
             is
             prov'd
             out
             of
             St.
             John
             ,
             Cap.
             1.
             
             Verse
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             and
             Heb.
             Cap.
             1.
             
             Ver.
             3.
             and
             that
             again
             out
             of
             Gen.
             1.
             '
          
           To
           make
           those
           expressions
           which
           Philosophers
           us'd
           ridiculous
           he
           thus
           
           form'd
           this
           word
           Isness
           St.
           Jerome
           upon
           these
           words
           of
           the
           wise
           man
           ,
           
             There
             's
             no
             new
             thing
             under
             the
             Sun
             ,
          
           quotes
           his
           Master
           Donatus
           ,
           reading
           upon
           
             Terence
             ,
             Nil
             dictum
             ,
             quod
             non
             priùs
             dictum
             ,
             Despereant
             qui
             nostra
             ante
             nos
             dixerunt
             .
          
           That
           great
           Rhetorician
           ,
           and
           Gramarian
           might
           be
           the
           Inver●
           or
           of
           some
           new
           words
           ,
           or
           new
           explanation
           of
           the
           same
           thing
           but
           not
           else
           Mr.
           Hobbs
           is
           the
           sole
           Inventor
           of
           the
           word
           Isness
           ,
           but
           his
           Leviathan
           principles
           were
           prepared
           to
           his
           hands
           by
           fanciful
           and
           not
           thinking
           men
           ,
           words
           mightily
           prevail
           .
           The
           
           reverend
           Mr.
           Calvin
           against
           the
           Anabaptists
           ,
           and
           other
           wild
           persons
           ,
           us'd
           the
           word
           Phanatick
           .
           The
           Great
           Monk
           in
           his
           Southern
           Journey
           which
           he
           manag'd
           with
           as
           curious
           and
           fine
           Stratagems
           as
           ever
           a
           General
           did
           ,
           to
           expose
           his
           adversaries
           (
           the
           Army
           abounding
           with
           such
           sort
           of
           Creatures
           )
           he
           call'd
           them
           Phanaticks
           ,
           which
           was
           of
           great
           efficacy
           ;
           perhaps
           't
           is
           Mr.
           Hobbs
           his
           imagination
           by
           this
           odd
           word
           Isness
           to
           render
           Essentia
           ,
           us'd
           by
           the
           Philosophers
           ,
           contemptible
           ere
           long
           (
           it
           may
           be
           )
           on
           the
           Stage
           .
           And
           this
           Isness
           amongst
           
           Drolls
           may
           serve
           to
           make
           a
           Conceit
           more
           pleasant
           :
           If
           He
           would
           have
           recollected
           what
           he
           said
           of
           Speech
           .
           Cap.
           40.
           
           Leviathan
           ;
           that
           words
           signifie
           as
           they
           are
           usually
           understood
           ,
           then
           if
           Isness
           had
           been
           used
           in
           a
           common
           vogue
           to
           denote
           the
           same
           with
           Essence
           who
           would
           have
           reprov'd
           it
           .
           He
           quarrels
           with
           the
           Father●
           and
           Divines
           of
           Note
           for
           confounding
           the
           Concrete
           with
           the
           
             Abstract
             ,
             Deus
          
           with
           
             Deitas
             ,
             Ens
          
           with
           
             Essentia
             ,
             Sapiens
          
           with
           
             Sapientia
             ,
             Aeternu●
          
           with
           Aeternitas
           :
           In
           my
           apprehension
           ,
           the
           Philosophers
           do
           not
           confound
           themselves
           ,
           
           for
           they
           suppose
           a
           distinction
           ,
           which
           to
           me
           thus
           appears
           :
           Essentia
           the
           Nature
           ,
           Ens
           the
           thing
           it self
           .
           I
           may
           have
           apprehensions
           of
           a
           thing
           ,
           and
           the
           Nature
           of
           a
           thing
           ;
           the
           Philosophers
           make
           no
           confusion
           ,
           none
           of
           them
           say
           that
           Sapiens
           is
           Sapientia
           ;
           if
           they
           did
           so
           ,
           they
           might
           truly
           say
           ,
           that
           Covetousness
           is
           a
           Covetous
           man
           ,
           and
           Holyness
           is
           a
           Holy
           man
           &c.
           as
           he
           by
           this
           would
           render
           them
           contemptible
           :
           by
           a
           Concrete
           they
           understand
           a
           Thing
           compounded
           of
           
             Substance
             ▪
          
           and
           Forms
           ,
           by
           an
           abstract
           they
           conceive
           a
           Form
           without
           the
           
           Subject
           ;
           as
           Wisdome
           ,
           not
           considering
           the
           man
           that
           is
           Wise
           .
           I
           may
           at
           the
           same
           time
           have
           a
           conception
           of
           Wisdom
           ,
           and
           not
           have
           the
           conception
           of
           a
           wise
           man.
           No
           Philosopher
           doth
           say
           that
           wisdom
           ,
           and
           a
           wise
           man
           are
           the
           same
           ,
           nor
           Covetousness
           ,
           and
           a
           Covetous
           man
           are
           the
           same
           .
           The
           Schools
           and
           Philosophers
           in
           speaking
           of
           the
           Deity
           do
           fear
           to
           speak
           of
           God
           with
           any
           irreverence
           ,
           &
           therefore
           upon
           just
           ground
           admit
           not
           any
           composition
           in
           God
           amongst
           them
           .
           Deitas
           and
           Deus
           are
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           Eternal
           ,
           but
           God
           ,
           in
           
           Him
           
             aeternus
             &
             aeternitas
          
           are
           the
           same
           :
           For
           when
           we
           concieve
           a
           distinction
           in
           the
           mind
           of
           man
           ,
           it
           is
           concerning
           created
           beings
           ;
           but
           we
           have
           none
           such
           in
           God.
           Essence
           and
           Existence
           of
           created
           beings
           afford
           two
           different
           modes
           of
           concieving
           ,
           but
           the
           contrary
           is
           of
           God.
           There
           is
           but
           one
           conception
           of
           the
           Essence
           and
           Existence
           of
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           of
           them
           there
           is
           no
           sort
           of
           distinction
           :
           The
           Abstract
           and
           Concrete
           ,
           and
           Concrete
           and
           Abstract
           are
           the
           same
           ,
           therefore
           it
           must
           be
           ill
           said
           of
           him
           :
           For
           if
           Deitas
           abstracted
           be
           Deus
           ,
           we
           make
           two
           Gods
           of
           one
           .
           
           Must
           then
           no
           such
           word
           as
           Essence
           be
           used
           ?
           only
           Body
           〈◊〉
           surely
           the
           word
           Nature
           may
           be
           used
           ?
           what
           is
           this
           Corporeal
           ?
           by
           that
           means
           I
           may
           use
           the
           word
           Essential
           His
           aim
           is
           higher
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           as
           the
           Trinity
           ,
           from
           that
           mystery
           of
           Faith
           he
           takes
           all
           his
           Grandeur
           .
           Thus
           Mr.
           
             Hobs
             ,
             The
             Attributes
             therefore
             of
             God
             in
             the
             abstract
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             put
             for
             God
             ,
             are
             put
             Metonymically
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             common
             thing
             in
             Scripture
             ;
             as
             for
             Example
             .
          
           Prov.
           8.
           25.
           
           
             Before
             the
             Mountains
             were
             setled
             ,
             before
             the
             Hills
             brought
             forth
             was
             I.
             The
             Wisdom
             there
             spoken
             of
             being
             
             the
             wisdom
             of
             God
             ,
             signifies
             the
             same
             with
             the
             wise
             God.
          
           In
           the
           sacred
           Scripture
           by
           the
           
             Wisedom
             of
             God
          
           ,
           is
           sometimes
           meant
           the
           
             Son
             of
             God
          
           ,
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           the
           
             Eternal
             Word
          
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           not
           denyed
           by
           the
           Arrians
           themselves
           .
           They
           acknowledging
           that
           Wisdom
           mentioned
           by
           Solomon
           is
           Christ
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           do
           endeavour
           to
           prove
           him
           not
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           because
           he
           is
           said
           to
           be
           according
           to
           the
           greek
           
             fundata
             sum
          
           ,
           and
           as
           cited
           by
           
             Fulgentius
             contra
             object
             .
             Arrianorum
             obj
             .
             Creavit
             me
             Initium
             viarum
             suarum
             .
          
           A
           Creature
           is
           not
           of
           the
           same
           substance
           ,
           tho
           the
           Arrians
           falsly
           
           applyed
           those
           words
           ,
           yet
           t
           is
           certain
           that
           by
           the
           wisdome
           of
           God
           mentioned
           in
           that
           chapter
           ,
           was
           not
           as
           Mr.
           Hobs
           saith
           Metonimically
           by
           them
           taken
           for
           the
           wise
           God
           ,
           but
           a
           being
           subsistent
           by
           it self
           ;
           what
           he
           thinks
           of
           the
           other
           part
           of
           the
           Creed
           is
           not
           amiss
           ,
           but
           to
           say
           that
           it
           was
           never
           questioned
           amongst
           Christians
           (
           except
           by
           the
           Arrians
           )
           that
           Christ
           was
           God
           Eternal
           is
           an
           huge
           mistake
           .
           Before
           Arrius
           appear'd
           ,
           several
           Hereticks
           denied
           it
           ,
           and
           Arrius
           according
           to
           this
           word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           his
           Letters
           and
           Confession
           would
           not
           scruple
           to
           call
           
           Christ
           the
           Eternal
           God.
           
        
         
           He
           adds
           ,
           
             That
             no
             man
             can
             be
             made
             an
             Heretick
          
           by
           consequence
           this
           shall
           not
           create
           any
           dispute
           but
           what
           means
           he
           when
           he
           saith
           
             because
             that
             form
             was
             not
             put
             into
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Creed
             ,
             but
             directed
             onely
             to
             the
             Bishops
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             reason
             to
             punish
             any
             Lay-person
             that
             should
             speak
             to
             the
             contrary
          
           ;
           I
           cant
           find
           his
           meaning
           :
           for
           the
           form
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           was
           in
           the
           Creed
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           that
           Council
           every
           person
           who
           did
           not
           receive
           it
           was
           anathematiz'd
           .
           Perhaps
           he
           means
           this
           ,
           that
           
             God
             hath
             no
             Parts
          
           is
           not
           in
           the
           
           form
           of
           the
           Creed
           .
           This
           is
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           the
           Council
           did
           not
           put
           that
           into
           the
           forme
           of
           the
           Creed
           ,
           yet
           it
           was
           determined
           by
           the
           Council
           .
           The
           Letters
           which
           Eusebius
           wrote
           were
           Synodical
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           super
           scriptions
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           the
           Contents
           of
           those
           Epistles
           did
           not
           concerne
           onely
           the
           Bishop
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           People
           .
           
             Socrates
             ,
             Lib.
             1.
             
             Cap.
          
           5.
           gives
           a
           full
           account
           of
           this
           ;
           he
           wrote
           an
           Epistle
           of
           the
           Decrees
           and
           Acts
           of
           which
           Eusebius
           sent
           by
           order
           of
           the
           Council
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           and
           
           this
           same
           Epistle
           saith
           
             Socrates
             Eusebius
          
           sent
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           to
           those
           of
           
             Lybia
             ,
             Egypt
             and
             Pentapolis
          
           .
           What
           the
           Synod
           by
           a
           common
           suffrage
           past
           ,
           when
           the
           conciliary
           decrees
           were
           sent
           to
           all
           the
           Churches
           :
           Mr.
           Hobs
           would
           make
           the
           World
           believe
           that
           they
           being
           directed
           by
           the
           Bishops
           were
           onely
           obligatory
           of
           them
           ▪
           The
           Contrary
           in
           
             Theodoret.
             Lib.
             1.
             
             Cap.
             5.
             
             Cap.
          
           12.
           
           The
           Synodical
           Epistles
           of
           the
           Nicene
           Fathers
           were
           directed
           not
           to
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           for
           the
           Bishops
           were
           present
           in
           Council
           
           
           
           
           
           but
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           our
           beloved
           brethren
           in
           
             Aegypt
             ,
             Libia
          
           and
           Pentapolis
           .
           These
           being
           thus
           directed
           there
           was
           a
           reason
           to
           punish
           any
           Lay-person
           which
           should
           speak
           to
           the
           contrary
           .
           
             '
             But
             what
             was
             the
             meaning
             of
             this
             Doctrine
             ,
             that
             God
             hath
             no
             parts
             ?
             Was
             it
             made
             Heresy
             to
             say
             that
             God
             who
             is
             a
             real
             Substance
             ,
             cannot
             be
             considered
             or
             spoken
             of
             as
             here
             or
             there
             ,
             or
             any
             where
             which
             are
             parts
             of
             places
             ?
             Or
             that
             there
             is
             any
             real
             thing
             without
             length
             every
             way
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             which
             
             hath
             no
             magnitude
             at
             all
             Finite
             or
             Infinite
             ?
             Or
             is
             there
             any
             whole
             Substance
             ,
             whose
             two
             halves
             or
             three
             thirds
             are
             not
             the
             same
             with
             that
             whole
             ?
             Or
             did
             they
             mean
             to
             condemn
             the
             Argument
             of
             Tertullian
             ,
             by
             which
             he
             confuted
             Apelles
             and
             other
             Hereticks
             of
             his
             time
             ,
             namely
             whatsoever
             was
             not
             corporeal
             ,
             was
             nothing
             but
             phantasm
             ,
             and
             not
             Corporeal
             for
             Heretical
             ?
             '
          
           no
           certainly
           ,
           No
           Divines
           say
           that
           ,
           What
           is
           the
           meaning
           of
           this
           ,
           that
           God
           hath
           no
           Parts
           ?
        
         
           To
           explain
           this
           he
           adds
           several
           questions
           ,
           whether
           God
           
           considered
           or
           spoken
           of
           ,
           as
           here
           and
           there
           ,
           or
           that
           there
           is
           any
           real
           thing
           without
           length
           every
           way
           
             i.
             e.
          
           hath
           magnitude
           at
           all
           Finite
           or
           Infinite
           :
           't
           is
           returned
           to
           those
           questions
           .
           God
           is
           an
           Infinite
           substance
           without
           magnitude
           ▪
           nor
           can
           it
           be
           said
           ,
           that
           a
           magnitude
           is
           infinite
           ,
           't
           is
           impossible
           to
           think
           that
           to
           be
           infinite
           ,
           to
           which
           there
           can
           be
           an
           addition
           .
           His
           third
           captious
           question
           is
           frivolous
           ;
           'T
           is
           true
           if
           that
           substance
           be
           material
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           not
           true
           in
           an
           immaterial
           substance
           .
           To
           the
           Fourth
           let
           any
           Divine
           be
           produced
           who
           saith
           that
           what
           
           is
           not
           Corporeal
           is
           a
           Phantasme
           .
           This
           is
           the
           question
           ,
           whether
           all
           beings
           which
           have
           areal
           Substance
           be
           Corporeal
           ,
           the
           Epicureans
           affirme
           it
           ,
           other
           Philosophers
           and
           Christians
           wholly
           deny
           it
           ,
           indeed
           it
           must
           be
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           sometimes
           by
           Corpus
           or
           a
           Body
           is
           meant
           any
           real
           being
           ,
           or
           whatever
           hath
           any
           real
           being
           ;
           and
           this
           it
           is
           by
           some
           conceived
           to
           be
           the
           sence
           of
           Tertullian
           ;
           Thus
           St.
           Augustine
           vindicates
           
             Tertullian
             de
             Genesi
             ad
             Literam
             Lib.
             10.
             
             Cap.
             ult
             .
             Tertull.
             de
             Animâ
             Cap.
             7
             Omne
             Corporale
             est
             passibile
             .
          
           Upon
           that
           St.
           
             Augustine
             ,
             debuit
             ergò
             mutare
             sententiam
             .
          
           
           He
           ought
           therefore
           to
           change
           his
           opinion
           ;
           which
           he
           mentions
           in
           another
           place
           ,
           God
           is
           a
           body
           ,
           
             ad
             ,
             vernis
             Praxeam
          
           .
           I
           cannot
           believe
           that
           he
           was
           so
           Childish
           as
           to
           believe
           the
           Nature
           of
           God
           is
           passible
           ;
           but
           that
           by
           this
           Argument
           ,
           whatsoever
           was
           not
           Corporeal
           was
           nothing
           ,
           should
           be
           the
           argument
           whereby
           he
           confuted
           Apelles
           ,
           and
           other
           Hereticks
           in
           his
           times
           is
           a
           Conclusion
           above
           the
           reach
           of
           my
           understanding
           .
           He
           disputes
           against
           Hermogenes
           who
           asserted
           an
           Eternal
           matter
           coexistent
           with
           God
           ,
           who
           out
           
           of
           that
           created
           this
           Vniverse
           What
           Argument
           can
           be
           used
           against
           Hermogines
           taken
           from
           proposition
           ,
           
             Omne
             quod
             est
             Corpus
             est
          
           .
           There
           is
           nothing
           but
           Body
           .
           
             In
             Cap.
             35.
             
             Tertullian
          
           explains
           himself
           ;
           he
           takes
           an
           Argument
           from
           Hermogines
           his
           contradicting
           himself
           ,
           
             primâ
             facie
             materia
             videtur
             esse
             incorporalis
          
           ;
           at
           the
           first
           sight
           matter
           seems
           to
           be
           incorporeal
           :
           but
           having
           seriously
           pondered
           what
           he
           saith
           ,
           Matter
           will
           be
           found
           neither
           Corporeal
           ,
           nor
           Incorporeal
           .
           That
           I
           grant
           ,
           some
           substance
           is
           onely
           Incorporeal
           ,
           for
           the
           Substance
           it self
           is
           the
           Body
           
           of
           every
           thing
           when
           Corporeal
           and
           Incorporeal
           are
           mentioned
           ;
           nothing
           else
           will
           be
           admitted
           .
           Thus
           he
           explaining
           his
           sence
           of
           Corpus
           that
           it
           is
           Substantia
           ,
           he
           confutes
           Hermogines
           not
           from
           the
           recited
           proposition
           ,
           but
           his
           own
           contrarietys
           ;
           the
           same
           may
           be
           applyed
           to
           what
           he
           disputes
           against
           
             Marchiaean
             Apelles
          
           and
           Praxeas
           .
           Therefore
           against
           Mr.
           Hobs
           I
           may
           be
           confident
           to
           averr
           that
           Tertullian
           never
           attempts
           the
           refuting
           Apelles
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Heretick
           in
           his
           time
           ,
           from
           this
           
             Topick
             ,
             whatsoever
             was
             not
             Corporeal
             was
             a
             Phantasme
             .
          
           
           T
           is
           true
           the
           Nicene
           Fathers
           went
           to
           establish
           one
           Individual
           God
           in
           Trinity
           ,
           to
           abolish
           the
           diversity
           of
           Species
           in
           God
           :
           and
           t
           is
           not
           true
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           not
           intend
           to
           destroy
           the
           distinction
           of
           here
           and
           there
           ,
           for
           the
           Council
           in
           explaining
           the
           word
           did
           say
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           not
           be
           understood
           of
           God
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           not
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           for
           the
           Essence
           of
           God
           was
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           the
           discourse
           is
           not
           concerning
           the
           intent
           of
           the
           Council
           .
           Since
           the
           Council
           judged
           the
           nature
           of
           God
           to
           be
           Immaterial
           and
           Incorporeal
           ,
           they
           did
           conclude
           that
           
           an
           Incorporeal
           Substance
           was
           not
           a
           contradiction
           ;
           therefore
           the
           holy
           Fathers
           must
           needs
           have
           thought
           that
           God
           had
           no
           extended
           parts
           ;
           nor
           any
           sort
           of
           parts
           ;
           and
           therefore
           not
           be
           considered
           as
           here
           and
           there
           .
           What
           a
           force
           is
           don
           by
           him
           to
           the
           Apostles
           question
           ;
           St.
           Paul
           asks
           the
           
             Corinthians
             ,
             Is
             Christ
             divided
          
           ?
           which
           he
           thus
           interprets
           .
           
             '
             He
             did
             not
             think
             ,
             they
             thought
             him
             impossible
             to
             be
             considered
             as
             having
             hands
             and
             feet
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             might
             think
             him
             (
             alluding
             to
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             )
             one
             of
             the
             sons
             of
             God
             ,
             but
             not
             
             the
             only
             begotten
             .
             Thus
             expounded
             in
             Athanasius
             his
             Creed
             ,
             
               Not
               Confounding
               the
               Persons
               ,
               nor
               dividing
               the
               Substance
               ,
               i.
               e.
            
             God
             is
             not
             divided
             into
             3
             Persons
             
               Peter
               ,
               James
            
             and
             John
             ,
             nor
             are
             the
             3
             Persons
             one
             and
             the
             same
             Person
             .
             '
          
           T
           is
           granted
           ,
           that
           the
           Fathers
           intended
           the
           last
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           denied
           that
           they
           had
           any
           such
           intent
           ,
           
             by
             not
             dividing
             the
             Substance
          
           ,
           to
           have
           a
           respect
           unto
           various
           Individuals
           ,
           for
           in
           that
           division
           ,
           the
           Persons
           &
           substances
           are
           divided
           ,
           the
           Substances
           are
           different
           and
           not
           the
           same
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           persons
           of
           the
           Individual
           
           
           
           
           
           Trinity
           ,
           the
           Substance
           is
           the
           same
           .
           And
           in
           created
           beings
           the
           Persona
           of
           every
           Individual
           is
           really
           distinct
           ,
           not
           onely
           from
           the
           essence
           and
           person
           of
           another
           Individual
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           Substance
           in
           which
           it
           doth
           subsist
           ;
           which
           appears
           in
           the
           Incarnation
           of
           our
           Lord
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           who
           assumed
           not
           the
           Person
           but
           Nature
           of
           Man
           :
           but
           the
           mistery
           being
           great
           above
           all
           the
           understanding
           and
           apprehension
           of
           man
           ;
           it
           is
           rather
           the
           object
           of
           Faith
           ,
           than
           Reason
           .
           My
           main
           undertaking
           against
           Mr.
           Hobs
           in
           
           this
           Tract
           is
           not
           to
           illustrate
           or
           prove
           the
           meaning
           ,
           but
           to
           manifest
           that
           he
           has
           not
           cleared
           himself
           of
           the
           contradiction
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           his
           attempts
           he
           throws
           himself
           into
           new
           absurdities
           ,
           one
           of
           which
           is
           this
           Paragraph
           .
        
         
           
             '
             But
             Aristotle
             ,
             and
             from
             him
             all
             the
             Greek
             Fathers
             ,
             and
             other
             learned
             men
             ,
             when
             they
             distinguish
             the
             general
             latitude
             of
             a
             word
             ,
             they
             call
             it
             division
             ,
             as
             when
             they
             divide
             the
             Animal
             into
             Man
             and
             Beast
             ,
             they
             call
             these
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Species
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             again
             divide
             the
             
               Species
               Man
            
             into
             Peter
             and
             John
             ,
             they
             
             call
             these
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               partes
               individuae
            
             .
             And
             by
             this
             confounding
             the
             division
             of
             the
             Substance
             with
             the
             distinction
             of
             words
             ,
             divers
             men
             have
             been
             led
             into
             Error
             of
             attributing
             to
             God
             a
             name
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             the
             name
             of
             any
             Substance
             at
             all
             ,
             
               viz.
               Incorporeal
            
             '
          
           'T
           is
           true
           that
           the
           Philosophers
           ,
           when
           they
           divide
           Animae
           or
           the
           Genus
           into
           Men
           or
           Beasts
           ,
           they
           call
           these
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           Species
           ,
           but
           when
           they
           again
           divide
           the
           
             Species
             Man
          
           ,
           into
           Peter
           and
           John
           ,
           they
           never
           call
           these
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           
             Partes
             Individuae
          
           ,
           for
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           are
           
             partes
             dividuae
          
           ,
           therefore
           Individua
           are
           called
           
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ;
           but
           what
           sence
           there
           is
           in
           his
           deduction
           ,
           I
           'le
           give
           ,
           when
           I
           understand
           it
           .
           There
           is
           a
           substance
           ,
           which
           is
           Incorporeal
           ;
           the
           Philosophers
           were
           led
           into
           that
           truth
           by
           observing
           the
           operations
           of
           some
           beings
           which
           are
           not
           Corporeal
           ,
           where
           it
           must
           needs
           follow
           ,
           that
           these
           essences
           are
           Incorporeal
           ;
           and
           by
           some
           other
           Arguments
           :
           but
           that
           they
           should
           be
           led
           into
           this
           ,
           which
           he
           calls
           an
           Error
           by
           confounding
           the
           division
           of
           Substance
           with
           the
           distinction
           of
           words
           ,
           is
           a
           thing
           far
           from
           Truth
           ,
           and
           any
           conception
           of
           mine
           .
        
         
         
           
             '
             Many
             Heresies
             which
             were
             Antecedent
             to
             the
             first
             general
             Council
             were
             condemned
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             Manes
             (
             he
             might
             have
             added
             Marcion
             )
             by
             the
             first
             article
             
               I
               believe
               in
               one
               God.
            
             '
          
           This
           was
           not
           directed
           onely
           against
           them
           ,
           but
           also
           against
           the
           polutheisme
           of
           the
           Heathens
           ,
           
             '
             tho
             to
             me
             it
             seems
             still
             to
             remain
             in
             the
             Doctrine
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             which
             so
             attributes
             a
             liberty
             of
             the
             will
             to
             men
             ,
             as
             that
             their
             will
             and
             purpose
             to
             commit
             sin
             uot
             should
             proceed
             from
             the
             cause
             of
             all
             things
             God
             ,
             but
             originally
             from
             themselves
             
             or
             from
             the
             Devil
             .
             '
          
           Indeed
           Marcion
           and
           Manes
           attributed
           Sin
           to
           an
           evill
           God
           ,
           but
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Churches
           look
           upon
           that
           Opinion
           as
           Heretical
           :
           why
           this
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Liberty
           of
           the
           will
           is
           to
           remain
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           this
           is
           to
           palliate
           .
           This
           Doctrine
           continues
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           the
           Churches
           of
           Christ
           .
           The
           Devil
           does
           vehemently
           tempt
           to
           sin
           ,
           but
           he
           is
           not
           the
           cause
           of
           sin
           ;
           hence
           that
           good
           Axom
           is
           received
           by
           all
           knowing
           men
           ,
           
             No
             body
             is
             injured
             
             but
             by
             himself
             ,
          
           that
           which
           is
           properly
           an
           Evil
           is
           the
           Evil
           of
           Sin
           ,
           which
           our selves
           only
           can
           inflict
           upon
           us
           ;
           but
           how
           comes
           it
           to
           pass
           that
           this
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Liberty
           of
           the
           Will
           should
           be
           opposed
           by
           this
           Article
           ,
           
             I
             believe
             in
             one
             God
          
           ?
           they
           who
           maintain
           that
           Doctrine
           firmly
           believe
           this
           Article
           ,
           They
           say
           that
           the
           one
           true
           God
           is
           infinitely
           glorious
           in
           all
           perfections
           ,
           amongst
           which
           is
           the
           Liberty
           of
           his
           will
           ,
           he
           created
           all
           things
           ,
           amongst
           which
           he
           created
           Rational
           beings
           which
           he
           endowed
           with
           the
           Liberty
           of
           Will
           ,
           whereby
           they
           are
           
           made
           capable
           of
           being
           vertuous
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           be
           rewarded
           ,
           or
           vitious
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           be
           punished
           ;
           where
           is
           there
           by
           this
           sentiment
           a
           setting
           up
           another
           God
           ?
           by
           God
           he
           means
           one
           first
           Cause
           which
           necessarily
           moved
           from
           all
           eternity
           ,
           from
           which
           necessary
           cause
           there
           flows
           an
           infinite
           concatenation
           of
           necessary
           causes
           ,
           whence
           if
           any
           say
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           a
           Liberty
           of
           the
           Will
           ,
           he
           must
           assigne
           another
           first
           Cause
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           oppose
           this
           Article
           
             I
             believe
             in
             one
             God
          
           ;
           we
           say
           there
           is
           but
           one
           first
           Cause
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           free
           Agent
           ,
           whence
           springs
           the
           Liberty
           
           of
           Rational
           Beings
           .
           By
           the
           account
           which
           Mr.
           Hobs
           gives
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           by
           several
           of
           his
           opinions
           it
           must
           be
           concluded
           ,
           that
           he
           believes
           
             there
             is
             no
             God.
          
           One
           of
           his
           sayings
           is
           ,
           
             He
             that
             saith
             there
             is
             no
             mind
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             hath
             no
             mind
             .
          
           This
           is
           a
           gingling
           quibble
           ,
           besides
           many
           gross
           absurdites
           with
           w
           ch
           his
           opinion
           is
           charged
           ,
           this
           is
           no
           mean
           one
           ;
           
             God
             is
             the
             Author
             of
             Sin
          
           ;
           to
           which
           he
           replys
           
             Leviath
             .
             cap.
          
           46.
           by
           this
           distinction
           
             God
             is
             not
             the
             Author
             of
             Sin
             ,
             but
             he
             is
             the
             cause
             .
          
           The
           Author
           is
           he
           who
           commands
           ,
           the
           Cause
           by
           whose
           Power
           a
           thing
           is
           
           done
           .
           This
           with
           many
           other
           distinctions
           he
           frames
           ,
           which
           are
           more
           subtle
           ,
           perplext
           ,
           and
           remote
           from
           sence
           ,
           then
           any
           of
           the
           School-mens
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           so
           much
           condemns
           them
           ,
           certainly
           every
           cause
           is
           the
           Author
           of
           a
           thing
           .
           He
           that
           commands
           ,
           is
           by
           that
           a
           
             moral
             cause
          
           .
           But
           he
           that
           is
           a
           cause
           by
           enabling
           to
           do
           ,
           is
           a
           Physical
           cause
           of
           Sin
           ,
           God
           can't
           be
           such
           a
           cause
           ;
           but
           it
           may
           be
           queried
           whether
           God
           ,
           according
           to
           Mr.
           Hobs
           ,
           ever
           gave
           any
           laws
           to
           man-kind
           ,
           for
           unquestionably
           if
           the
           rule
           of
           Justice
           ,
           &
           Injustice
           Good
           and
           Bad
           ,
           true
           and
           false
           be
           the
           will
           
           of
           the
           supream
           power
           ;
           God
           never
           gave
           laws
           to
           man
           kind
           ,
           
             '
             perhaps
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             the
             Anthropomorphites
             were
             then
             condemned
             ,
             but
             this
             cānot
             be
             for
             they
             appeared
             not
             untill
             the
             time
             of
             Valens
             .
             '
          
           This
           is
           no
           great
           matter
           ,
           It
           is
           certain
           that
           the
           Council
           did
           condemn
           all
           those
           who
           ascribed
           any
           parts
           to
           God
           ,
           which
           the
           Anthropomorphites
           did
           ,
           yet
           if
           Epiphanius
           be
           credited
           ,
           heret
           ,
           70.
           
           Audianus
           a
           Mesopotanican
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           Heresy
           of
           the
           Anthropomorphites
           florished
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Arrius
           ,
           when
           the
           Nicene
           Council
           was
           convened
           .
        
         
         
           
             '
             No
             other
             punishment
             was
             ordained
             by
             Constantine
             than
             Deprivation
             and
             Banishment
             ;
             and
             that
             not
             onely
             of
             Bishops
             and
             Pastors
             who
             refused
             to
             subscribe
             to
             the
             Faith
             ;
             thus
             did
             Heresie
             (
             which
             at
             first
             was
             the
             name
             of
             a
             private
             opinion
             ,
             and
             no
             crime
             ,
             was
             by
             vertue
             of
             a
             law
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             made
             onely
             for
             the
             Peace
             of
             the
             Church
             )
             become
             a
             Crime
             in
             a
             Pastor
             and
             punishable
             .
             '
          
           How
           many
           Errata's
           in
           this
           Paraptaph
           ?
           Heresy
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           was
           always
           a
           Crime
           ,
           and
           never
           the
           name
           of
           an
           opinion
           .
           This
           I
           prov'd
           
           before
           ;
           let
           it
           be
           granted
           ,
           that
           every
           Sin
           is
           not
           a
           Crime
           ,
           and
           that
           every
           Crime
           is
           that
           w
           ch
           is
           punishable
           ;
           't
           is
           a
           trisle
           to
           be
           lirigious
           in
           words
           ,
           every
           sin
           is
           certainly
           punishable
           ;
           some
           Sins
           are
           greater
           than
           others
           ,
           so
           there
           is
           a
           difference
           in
           Crimes
           ,
           there
           are
           Crimes
           which
           are
           onely
           discernable
           by
           Almighty
           God
           ,
           and
           so
           punishable
           at
           his
           tribunal
           ;
           but
           that
           Heresy
           should
           be
           a
           Crime
           onely
           because
           the
           civil
           power
           inflicts
           a
           corporal
           punishment
           ,
           cannot
           be
           understood
           by
           any
           ,
           but
           such
           a
           person
           ,
           who
           bids
           a
           defyance
           not
           only
           to
           the
           Christian
           
           Religion
           ,
           but
           to
           all
           other
           Religions
           which
           assert
           a
           future
           retribution
           ,
           or
           concludes
           that
           the
           great
           God
           doth
           punish
           evil
           men
           in
           this
           life
           by
           some
           extraordinary
           methods
           .
           But
           that
           Heresy
           after
           this
           decree
           of
           the
           council
           became
           onely
           a
           Crime
           punishable
           in
           the
           Bishops
           and
           Pastors
           ,
           whether
           it
           be
           true
           or
           not
           ,
           is
           not
           much
           material
           .
           In
           the
           Pastors
           the
           People
           were
           always
           punished
           ,
           for
           they
           followed
           their
           Pastors
           in
           banishment
           .
           Basil
           with
           a
           curious
           pen
           delineating
           the
           miserys
           and
           calamitys
           under
           which
           the
           Orthodox
           Bishops
           
           and
           Pastors
           groan'd
           ,
           likewise
           gives
           us
           the
           description
           of
           those
           dreadful
           sufferings
           ,
           with
           which
           the
           people
           were
           oppprest
           .
        
         
           Eusebius
           giveing
           us
           an
           account
           of
           an
           Edict
           of
           Constantine
           against
           Hereticks
           ,
           in
           that
           not
           onely
           Bishops
           and
           Pastors
           ,
           but
           all
           sorts
           of
           Hereticks
           were
           involved
           .
           
             de
             vità
             Constant
             .
             lib.
             3
             cap.
          
           62.
           
           And
           having
           proved
           before
           that
           Arianisme
           was
           decreed
           an
           Heresy
           not
           for
           the
           peace
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           likewise
           that
           there
           might
           be
           an
           agreement
           in
           the
           same
           faith
           ,
           which
           was
           necessary
           to
           salvation
           ,
           we
           
           may
           justly
           say
           that
           every
           line
           of
           that
           Paragraph
           is
           notoriously
           untrue
           .
           To
           lessen
           the
           Esteem
           of
           the
           Nicene
           and
           the
           4
           General
           Councils
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             '
             There
             arose
             new
             Heresies
             about
             the
             Interpretation
             of
             the
             Creed
             ,
             and
             partly
             about
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Nicene
             Council
             had
             not
             determined
             ,
             And
             afterwards
             concerning
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             .
             Nestorius
             Bishop
             of
             Constantinople
             &
             some
             others
             denied
             the
             divinity
             thereof
             .
             '
          
           The
           Pneumatomachi
           appearing
           after
           the
           Council
           of
           Nice
           had
           pretended
           
           for
           themselves
           the
           silence
           of
           the
           Nicene
           Fathers
           ;
           to
           which
           
             Basil
             ,
             Nazianzen
             ,
             Theoderet
             ,
             Epiphanius
          
           answer
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           question
           moved
           concerning
           it
           ,
           the
           Council
           acquiesed
           in
           the
           opinion
           ,
           and
           right
           Faith
           of
           the
           Universal
           Church
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Divinity
           of
           the
           Holy-Ghost
           .
        
         
           Why
           should
           the
           Fathers
           confirme
           that
           truth
           which
           was
           not
           questioned
           ,
           but
           taken
           for
           granted
           ,
           or
           condemne
           that
           for
           Heresy
           which
           was
           not
           preached
           ,
           yet
           if
           not
           in
           a
           set
           forme
           of
           words
           decreed
           ,
           
           yet
           in
           truth
           and
           by
           good
           consequence
           ,
           the
           sence
           of
           the
           Fathers
           as
           to
           that
           Article
           was
           given
           .
           For
           St.
           
             Basil
             Epist
             .
             78.
             
             Hieronom
             .
             Epist
             .
             65.
             
             Epip
             .
             haeresi
          
           74
           take
           off
           ,
           and
           answer
           that
           objection
           ;
           Epiphanius
           and
           Athanasius
           prove
           it
           thus
           ,
           that
           the
           same
           glory
           which
           is
           given
           to
           the
           Father
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Son
           ,
           is
           likewise
           given
           to
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           ;
           for
           the
           Symbol
           is
           ,
           
             I
             believe
             in
             God
             the
             Father
             ,
             and
             in
             God
             the
             Son
             ;
             and
             I
             believe
             in
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             .
          
           This
           Divine
           Faith
           ,
           fixed
           upon
           the
           Father
           ,
           Son
           ,
           and
           holy
           Ghost
           ,
           as
           one
           
           and
           the
           same
           God
           ,
           gives
           the
           true
           sence
           of
           the
           Council
           .
        
         
           The
           great
           mistake
           concerning
           Nestorius
           must
           only
           be
           attributed
           to
           Mr.
           Hobs
           his
           animadversion
           :
           for
           it
           was
           not
           Nestorious
           ,
           but
           Macedonius
           who
           denied
           the
           Divinity
           of
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           .
           Nestorius
           was
           a
           great
           adversary
           to
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           therefore
           in
           
             Socrates
             Lib.
             7.
             
             Cap
          
           31
           ,
           we
           find
           that
           Nestorius
           was
           so
           great
           an
           Enemy
           to
           the
           Macedonians
           that
           when
           he
           was
           Bishop
           of
           Constantinople
           he
           drove
           the
           Macedonians
           out
           of
           all
           their
           Churches
           in
           that
           City
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Hellespont
           .
        
         
         
           
             '
             Concerning
             the
             Parts
             established
             there
             arose
             disputes
             about
             the
             Nature
             of
             Christ
             ,
             and
             the
             word
             
               Hypostasis
               .
               (
               i.
               e.
            
             )
             Substance
             ,
             for
             of
             persons
             there
             was
             yet
             no
             mention
             made
             ,
             their
             Creed
             being
             written
             in
             Greek
             ,
             in
             which
             Language
             there
             is
             no
             word
             that
             answereth
             to
             the
             Latine
             word
             Persona
             ;
             and
             the
             Union
             ,
             as
             the
             Fathers
             called
             it
             ,
             of
             the
             Humane
             and
             Divine
             Nature
             in
             Christ
             Hypostolical
             caused
             Eutyches
             ,
             and
             after
             him
             Dioscurus
             to
             affirme
             there
             was
             but
             one
             Nature
             in
             Christ
             ,
             
             thinking
             that
             whensoever
             two
             things
             are
             united
             ,
             they
             are
             one
             .
             '
          
        
         
           T
           is
           true
           the
           Latine
           word
           Persona
           is
           used
           in
           the
           Latine
           Church
           ,
           which
           Church
           embraced
           likewise
           the
           word
           Hypostasis
           ,
           and
           all
           differences
           concerning
           those
           words
           were
           within
           a
           while
           composed
           ,
           and
           all
           Orthodox
           Christians
           in
           that
           Church
           who
           know
           the
           Greek
           Language
           do
           receive
           the
           word
           Hypostasis
           in
           the
           same
           sense
           which
           the
           Latines
           use
           Persona
           .
           The
           famous
           Nicene
           Councils
           having
           decreed
           ,
           that
           there
           were
           two
           Natures
           in
           
           Christ
           ,
           and
           one
           Hypostasis
           which
           signifies
           Subsistence
           ,
           this
           exactly
           answers
           to
           the
           Latine
           
             Persona
             .
             Nestorius
          
           Bishop
           of
           Constantine
           broch'd
           this
           Heresy
           that
           in
           Christ
           there
           were
           two
           distinct
           persons
           ,
           and
           so
           Mary
           the
           Mother
           of
           Christ
           was
           not
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           the
           Mother
           of
           God
           :
           against
           him
           Eutyches
           excellently
           disputed
           in
           the
           Fourth
           Action
           ,
           in
           the
           Council
           of
           
             Constantinople
             ;
             Eutyches
          
           declining
           the
           one
           ,
           fell
           into
           another
           Heresy
           ,
           asserting
           that
           there
           was
           but
           one
           Nature
           in
           Christ
           ,
           yet
           the
           humane
           Nature
           was
           swallowed
           up
           by
           the
           
           Divine
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           of
           the
           flesh
           of
           the
           Virgin
           ,
           but
           descended
           from
           God.
           A
           great
           promoter
           of
           this
           impiety
           was
           Dioscurus
           Bishop
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           a
           wicked
           and
           lewd
           person
           ,
           a
           Monster
           rather
           than
           a
           Bishop
           .
           These
           were
           condemned
           in
           the
           Chalcedonian
           Council
           .
           I
           will
           grant
           that
           the
           Disciples
           of
           Eutyches
           did
           say
           ,
           
             If
             two
             Natures
             there
             would
             be
             two
             hypostases
             ,
          
           I
           will
           say
           it
           was
           an
           Heretical
           illation
           ,
           and
           affirme
           ,
           that
           the
           Latine
           word
           Persona
           answers
           to
           the
           Greek
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Sence
           of
           the
           Churches
           both
           East
           and
           West
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           
           is
           not
           Substance
           but
           Subsistence
           ,
           to
           which
           Persona
           directly
           answers
           .
           But
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           in
           the
           Nicene
           Creed
           there
           's
           no
           mention
           of
           Hypostasis
           or
           Hypostatical
           Union
           ,
           nor
           of
           Corporeal
           ,
           nor
           Incorporeal
           ,
           nor
           of
           parts
           ;
           but
           this
           was
           acknowledged
           by
           the
           Fathers
           in
           that
           Council
           ,
           there
           was
           the
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           which
           necessarily
           infers
           it
           :
           after
           a
           dispute
           concerning
           the
           sense
           of
           these
           words
           ,
           they
           all
           agreed
           in
           the
           same
           Faith
           ,
           and
           that
           Hypostasis
           is
           as
           well
           as
           Persona
           ,
           entertained
           by
           the
           universal
           Church
           ;
           not
           signifying
           Substantiam
           as
           usally
           ;
           but
           Subsistentiam
           ;
           from
           the
           Nicene
           decree
           must
           of
           n●cessity
           
           flow
           the
           
             Hypostatical
             Vnion
          
           .
           Tho
           the
           word
           Incorporeal
           was
           not
           used
           in
           the
           Nicene
           Creed
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           used
           in
           Eusebius
           his
           Synodical
           Episties
           ,
           who
           styles
           God
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Immaterial
           and
           Incorporeal
           ,
           as
           before
           asserted
           :
           but
           invidiously
           to
           throw
           dirt
           upon
           the
           Fathers
           ;
           
             '
             such
             Points
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             were
             not
             necessary
             to
             Salvation
             ,
             but
             set
             a
             broach
             for
             ostentation
             of
             learning
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             dazle
             men
             with
             designe
             to
             lead
             them
             towards
             some
             ends
             of
             their
             own
             .
             '
          
           By
           which
           he
           charges
           the
           most
           humble
           persons
           with
           pride
           ,
           the
           most
           sincere
           with
           Hypocrisie
           ,
           
           and
           the
           most
           unbiass'd
           with
           secular
           aims
           .
           T
           is
           true
           that
           it
           was
           not
           judged
           necessary
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           that
           vulgar
           persons
           should
           know
           what
           Hypostasis
           and
           Persona
           intended
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           that
           Council
           held
           at
           Alexandria
           by
           Athanasius
           Bishop
           of
           that
           
             See
             ;
             Eusebius
          
           of
           Vercelles
           ,
           and
           Lucifer
           of
           Calaris
           ,
           Two
           Western
           Bishops
           ,
           who
           after
           they
           had
           contended
           about
           these
           words
           ,
           were
           united
           in
           this
           Nicene
           article
           ,
           that
           
             Christ
             was
             the
             Eternal
             Son
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             really
             God
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             was
             an
             Article
             of
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             &
             necessary
             to
             Salvation
             .
          
           What
           
           he
           says
           concerning
           St.
           Cyprian
           is
           nothing
           to
           my
           design
           ,
           nor
           shall
           I
           make
           any
           remarks
           upon
           his
           discourse
           of
           the
           Usurpation
           of
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ,
           or
           take
           cognizance
           of
           what
           he
           says
           of
           the
           punishment
           ordained
           against
           Hereticks
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           K.
           Rich.
           the
           2.
           and
           succeding
           Princes
           ,
           for
           this
           is
           nothing
           to
           my
           purpose
           ;
           my
           whole
           designe
           is
           to
           make
           good
           the
           contradiction
           with
           which
           he
           is
           charged
           .
           I
           must
           therefore
           have
           no
           regard
           to
           any
           penal
           statures
           in
           Causes
           Ecclesiastical
           ,
           until
           the
           Reign
           of
           Queen
           Elisabeth
           .
           I
           charge
           him
           with
           
           these
           heretical
           propositions
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           is
           obliged
           by
           the
           laws
           of
           the
           King
           to
           be
           Subject
           .
           1.
           
           That
           God
           hath
           parts
           .
           2.
           
           That
           Christ
           is
           not
           of
           the
           same
           Substance
           with
           the
           Father
           .
           3.
           
           That
           the
           Persons
           in
           the
           sacred
           Trinity
           are
           temporall
           ;
           All
           which
           are
           declared
           Heretical
           by
           the
           lawes
           ,
           and
           Church
           of
           England
           .
           But
           Mr.
           Hobs
           would
           evade
           the
           two
           last
           Heretical
           propositions
           ,
           by
           saying
           he
           believes
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Trinity
           as
           the
           Church
           hath
           explained
           it
           in
           the
           Catechisme
           .
           When
           
           the
           Minister
           asks
           the
           
             Catecumene
             ,
             what
             dost
             thou
             chiefly
             lear
             in
             these
             Articles
             of
             thy
             Belief
             .
          
           He
           answers
           ,
           
             I
             learn
             first
             to
             believe
             in
             God
             the
             Father
             ,
             who
             created
             me
             and
             all
             the
             World.
             2.
             
             I
             God
             the
             Son
             who
             hath
             redeemed
             me
             and
             all
             Mankind
             .
             3.
             
             I
             God
             the
             Holy-Ghost
             who
             hath
             Sanctified
             me
             and
             all
             the
             Elec●
             People
             of
             God.
          
           What
           is
           then
           intended
           but
           this
           ,
           tha●
           God
           in
           his
           own
           person-did
           create
           all
           things
           ,
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           his
           Son
           did
           redeem
           Mankind
           ,
           in
           the
           person
           o●
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           did
           Sanctifi●
           the
           Church
           :
           What
           clearlie
           concerning
           the
           Divine
           persons
           ,
           
           or
           more
           consentaneous
           to
           the
           Faith
           can
           be
           said
           ?
           
             Appendix
             ad
             Leviath
             .
             Cap.
          
           1.
           
           On
           the
           contrary
           I
           will
           pronounce
           that
           nothing
           is
           more
           obscure
           nor
           distentaneous
           to
           the
           Faith
           :
           Tully
           said
           properly
           ,
           
             Ego
             tres
             sustineo
             personas
             ,
             mei
             Judicis
             adversarij
          
           ;
           yet
           it
           must
           be
           granted
           ,
           that
           the
           same
           word
           may
           have
           divers
           significations
           ,
           peculiarly
           in
           various
           sciences
           ,
           else
           the
           great
           and
           famous
           Northern
           Constellations
           may
           note
           the
           greatest
           Bear
           in
           the
           Muscovian
           Snowes
           .
           The
           Latine
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           after
           them
           the
           Schools
           ,
           and
           Divines
           ,
           take
           
           not
           the
           word
           Persona
           in
           the
           same
           sence
           that
           Orators
           and
           Philosophers
           do
           ;
           I
           believe
           that
           Bellarmine
           did
           know
           the
           meaning
           of
           the
           Latine
           word
           persona
           as
           well
           as
           Mr.
           Hobs.
           Let
           common
           sence
           be
           appealed
           ,
           can
           the
           Mystery
           of
           the
           Trinity
           be
           explained
           according
           to
           Cicero's
           use
           of
           the
           word
           Persona
           For
           according
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           in
           the
           
             Athanasian
             Creed
          
           ,
           which
           is
           part
           of
           the
           Liturgy
           established
           by
           Law
           ,
           and
           ratified
           in
           the
           8
           Article
           ,
           in
           which
           are
           these
           words
           ,
           
             the
             Three
             Creeds
             ,
             the
             Nicene
             Creed
             ,
             the
             Athanasian
             Creed
             ,
             and
             that
             
             commonly
             called
             the
             Apostles
             Creed
             ,
             ought
             to
             be
             throughly
             received
             and
             believed
             .
          
           In
           the
           Athanasian
           ,
           the
           Eternity
           is
           not
           onely
           of
           the
           Essence
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           Persons
           ,
           not
           as
           
             the
             Father
             Eternal
             ,
             the
             Son
             Eternal
             ,
             and
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             Eternal
             ,
          
           but
           according
           to
           Mr.
           Hobs
           the
           Persons
           were
           Temporal
           (
           
             i.
             e.
          
           )
           God
           became
           a
           Father
           ,
           when
           he
           created
           the
           World
           ,
           A
           Son
           when
           he
           redeemed
           Mankind
           ,
           and
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           when
           he
           Sanctifies
           ;
           which
           is
           absolutely
           contrary
           to
           the
           Faith
           :
           for
           upon
           the
           Impious
           account
           of
           Mr.
           Hobs
           the
           Persons
           were
           not
           eternal
           ,
           by
           
           reason
           the
           Actions
           of
           God
           in
           creating
           the
           World
           ,
           by
           which
           there
           was
           the
           parsonality
           of
           the
           Father
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Son
           in
           redeeming
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           in
           Sanctifying
           the
           Elect
           People
           of
           God
           ,
           were
           temporal
           .
           Let
           this
           be
           Queried
           ,
           What
           Sence
           is
           this
           ?
           God
           redeemed
           Mankind
           in
           the
           person
           of
           his
           Son
           ,
           
             Persona
             mei
          
           is
           Tully
           himself
           ,
           but
           
             Persona
             Judicis
          
           is
           Tully
           reprensenting
           a
           Judge
           ;
           did
           God
           represent
           another
           in
           the
           redeeming
           of
           the
           World
           ?
           This
           leads
           to
           the
           making
           good
           this
           Heresy
           concerning
           the
           Incarnation
           
           of
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           for
           he
           utterly
           denies
           the
           eternal
           Filiation
           ,
           and
           saith
           that
           Christ
           being
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           was
           an
           eternal
           God
           ,
           but
           as
           being
           begotten
           extraordinarily
           in
           time
           he
           acknowledgeth
           that
           expressly
           and
           frequently
           in
           the
           Scriptures
           Christ
           is
           said
           to
           be
           begotten
           ;
           that
           he
           was
           God
           born
           of
           the
           Father
           before
           the
           World
           ;
           when
           Christ
           is
           said
           to
           be
           begotten
           ,
           t
           is
           meant
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           begotten
           of
           God
           himself
           ,
           the
           Father
           of
           the
           Matter
           of
           the
           Virgin
           ,
           
             Mat.
             1.
             vers
             .
             20.
             that
             which
             was
             begotten
             of
             the
             Virgin
             Mary
             was
             of
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             ,
             and
             
             should
             be
             called
             the
             Son
             of
             God
             ,
          
           
             '
             But
             some
             perhaps
             will
             say
             that
             the
             eternal
             generation
             differs
             from
             that
             which
             was
             made
             in
             the
             Womb
             of
             the
             Virgin.
             '
          
        
         
           To
           which
           he
           thus
           answers
           ,
           where
           doth
           the
           Holy
           Scripture
           or
           Synod
           thus
           distinguish
           ?
           this
           Question
           is
           a
           certain
           demonstration
           that
           he
           denys
           the
           eternal
           generation
           and
           that
           he
           by
           a
           strange
           passion
           resolves
           to
           deny
           those
           things
           which
           for
           certain
           he
           knows
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           if
           a
           stou
           denyal
           serves
           his
           designe
           ▪
           The
           sacred
           Scripture
           in
           several
           places
           is
           express
           for
           the
           
           eternal
           generation
           ,
           makeing
           it
           distant
           from
           the
           temporal
           .
           The
           scriptures
           were
           wrested
           and
           false
           Glosses
           put
           upon
           them
           ;
           Arrius
           did
           not
           deny
           the
           praeexistence
           of
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           who
           was
           Incarnate
           ,
           the
           difference
           was
           not
           concerning
           the
           Eternal
           Generation
           ,
           but
           the
           Consubstantiality
           .
        
         
           Having
           thus
           proved
           ,
           that
           his
           Leviathan
           contains
           certain
           Haeretical
           propositions
           ;
           It
           remains
           ,
           that
           I
           prove
           these
           Heresies
           Criminal
           ,
           and
           thus
           I
           state
           the
           Question
           and
           pursue
           it
           .
        
         
         
           'T
           is
           one
           of
           Mr.
           
           Hob's
           great
           Artifices
           to
           avoid
           those
           absurdities
           into
           which
           his
           own
           sentiments
           casts
           him
           .
           Mr.
           Hobs
           percieving
           that
           he
           is
           justly
           charg'd
           with
           this
           imputation
           ,
           writes
           the
           book
           call'd
           
             The
             Historical
             Narrative
             of
             Heresie
          
           .
           The
           Parliament
           complain'd
           ,
           That
           in
           it
           were
           contain'd
           several
           Heretical
           Opinions
           ,
           (
           
             i.
             e.
          
           )
           Opinions
           declared
           Heresie
           by
           the
           Church
           and
           Laws
           of
           England
           :
           he
           being
           a
           Subject
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           is
           obliged
           to
           obedience
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           his
           Soveraign
           .
           By
           this
           therefore
           
           he
           doth
           manifestly
           contradict
           himself
           ,
           and
           opposeth
           these
           his
           great
           Moral
           and
           Political
           Postulata's
           .
           
             '
             Nothing
             is
             Just
             or
             Unjust
             ,
             but
             what
             is
             made
             so
             by
             Law
             ,
             and
             that
             nothing
             is
             Criminal
             ,
             but
             what
             a
             Penal
             Law
             prohibits
             .
             '
          
        
         
           From
           this
           his
           most
           just
           charge
           he
           would
           free
           his
           Leviathan
           ;
           to
           shew
           that
           his
           attemts
           are
           frivolous
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           prov'd
           ,
           that
           his
           Leviathan
           doth
           contain
           Heretical
           Opinions
           .
           To
           which
           he
           returns
           ,
           That
           there
           is
           no
           opinion
           that
           opposeth
           a
           Penal
           Statute
           ;
           or
           that
           no
           Person
           can
           be
           justly
           by
           the
           Civil
           Magistrate
           punish'd
           
           for
           any
           Opinion
           contain'd
           in
           the
           Leviathan
           .
           For
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           
             '
             All
             the
             
               Penal
               Laws
            
             against
             Hereticks
             were
             repeal'd
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             .
             To
             remedy
             the
             Inconvenience
             which
             might
             arise
             by
             Novel
             
             Dogma's
             ,
             She
             apointed
             a
             Court
             ▪
             called
             the
             
               High
               Commission
            
             ,
             to
             declare
             what
             was
             Heresie
             .
             But
             that
             
               High
               Commission
            
             never
             declared
             what
             was
             Heresie
             ,
             or
             if
             they
             did
             ,
             it
             was
             to
             no
             purpose
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             not
             impower'd
             to
             inflict
             any
             punishment
             upon
             an
             Heretick
             .
             Withal
             the
             Parliament
             abolishing
             that
             Court
             ▪
             
             nothing
             could
             be
             accounted
             Heresie
             :
             Besides
             the
             Leviathan
             was
             Printed
             in
             1651.
             when
             it
             was
             lawful
             to
             Write
             or
             Preach
             any
             thing
             in
             matters
             of
             Religion
             .
             '
          
           To
           which
           I
           suppose
           that
           some
           ,
           nay
           many
           things
           contained
           in
           the
           Leviathan
           are
           Heretical
           ,
           and
           so
           judged
           by
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           punishable
           by
           the
           Civil
           Majestrate
           .
           Not
           to
           mention
           many
           ,
           I
           will
           assign
           these
           Two.
           The
           Nature
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Mystery
           of
           the
           Individual
           Trinity
           are
           by
           him
           Heretically
           and
           Impiously
           explicated
           .
           He
           Blasphemously
           avers
           
             God
             hath
             parts
          
           ,
           and
           makes
           the
           Persons
           
           of
           the
           Holy
           Trinity
           to
           be
           Temporal
           ,
           not
           Eternal
           ;
           both
           which
           are
           declared
           Heretical
           by
           the
           first
           Article
           ,
           )
           and
           by
           the
           three
           Creeds
           .
           The
           
             Athanasian
             Creed
          
           is
           imbodyed
           into
           the
           Common
           Law
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           opinion
           concerning
           the
           Trinity
           is
           Heretical
           is
           indubitable
           ,
           waveing
           the
           Contests
           he
           strives
           violently
           to
           maintain
           ,
           that
           Nothing
           in
           matters
           of
           Faith
           is
           declared
           Criminal
           by
           the
           Law
           ,
           or
           punishable
           by
           the
           Civil
           Magestrate
           .
           For
           faith
           he
           
             '
             the
             Lady
             Elizabeth
             in
             her
             first
             year
             repealed
             all
             the
             Laws
             Ecclesiastical
             of
             Queen
             Mary
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             
             Laws
             concerning
             the
             punishing
             of
             Hereticks
             ,
             nor
             did
             She
             enact
             any
             other
             punishment
             in
             their
             place
             .
             '
          
           These
           lines
           he
           could
           not
           deliver
           without
           that
           same
           arrogance
           by
           which
           he
           explodes
           the
           Universityes
           ,
           and
           accounts
           most
           of
           the
           Learned
           men
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           Fools
           .
           For
           the
           Writs
           
             de
             Heretico
             Comburendo
          
           and
           
             de
             excommunicato
             capiendo
          
           were
           in
           force
           ,
           he
           adds
           in
           the
           2
           place
           ,
           it
           was
           enacted
           
             '
             That
             the
             Queen
             by
             her
             Letters
             Patents
             should
             give
             a
             Commission
             to
             the
             Bishops
             with
             several
             other
             Persons
             in
             her
             Majesties
             name
             to
             execute
             
             his
             Power
             ecclesiastical
             ,
             this
             is
             granted
             ,
             (
             he
             proceeds
             )
             In
             which
             Commission
             the
             Commissioners
             were
             forbidden
             to
             adjudge
             any
             thing
             to
             be
             Heresy
             which
             was
             not
             declared
             to
             be
             Heresy
             by
             some
             of
             the
             four
             first
             General
             Concils
             ,
             nor
             was
             there
             any
             thing
             in
             that
             Commission
             concerning
             how
             Hereticks
             ought
             to
             be
             punished
             .
             But
             it
             was
             granted
             to
             them
             to
             declare
             ,
             or
             not
             declare
             to
             be
             Heresy
             or
             not
             Heresy
             as
             they
             pleased
             ,
             any
             of
             those
             Doctrines
             which
             had
             been
             condemned
             in
             the
             four
             first
             general
             Councils
             for
             Heresie
             .
             '
          
           
           To
           refute
           this
           ,
           and
           what
           he
           subjoyns
           ,
           t
           is
           requisite
           that
           I
           give
           the
           words
           of
           the
           Statute
           .
           
             '
             They
             shall
             not
             (
             meaning
             the
             
               High
               Commissioners
            
             )
             have
             Authority
             or
             Power
             to
             order
             determine
             or
             adjudge
             any
             matter
             or
             cause
             to
             be
             Heresy
             ,
             but
             only
             such
             as
             heretofore
             have
             been
             determined
             ,
             ordered
             or
             adjudged
             to
             be
             Heresy
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             Canonical
             Scriptures
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             first
             four
             general
             Councils
             ,
             or
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             other
             General
             Council
             ,
             wherein
             the
             same
             was
             declared
             Heresy
             by
             the
             
             express
             and
             plain
             words
             of
             the
             said
             Canonical
             Scriptures
             ,
             or
             such
             as
             hereafter
             shall
             be
             ordered
             ,
             determined
             or
             adjudged
             to
             be
             Heresy
             by
             the
             High
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             of
             this
             Realme
             ,
             with
             the
             assent
             of
             the
             Clergy
             in
             their
             Convocation
             .
             '
          
           By
           this
           it
           appears
           what
           a
           lame
           and
           false
           account
           he
           gives
           of
           the
           Statute
           ,
           for
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           her
           Parliament
           did
           not
           leave
           it
           indifferent
           to
           the
           
             High
             Commission
          
           to
           determine
           what
           was
           or
           what
           was
           not
           Heresy
           ,
           but
           limits
           them
           (
           to
           declare
           what
           was
           Heresy
           or
           not
           Heresy
           )
           not
           only
           to
           the
           
           four
           first
           general
           Councils
           (
           as
           he
           seems
           falsely
           to
           insinuate
           )
           but
           likewise
           to
           the
           express
           words
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Parliament
           )
           which
           he
           seems
           to
           exclude
           ,
           for
           he
           omits
           the
           mentioning
           of
           them
           ;
           
             '
             Nor
             was
             there
             (
             he
             adds
             )
             in
             that
             Commission
             any
             thing
             concerning
             how
             Hereticks
             ought
             to
             be
             punished
             .
             '
          
           The
           
             High
             Commission
          
           could
           not
           inflict
           capital
           punishment
           .
           I
           hope
           Mr
           Hobs
           will
           not
           say
           there
           is
           no
           crime
           ,
           but
           t
           was
           capitall
           .
           That
           the
           
             High
             Commission
          
           had
           power
           to
           punish
           persons
           in
           case
           of
           Heresy
           is
           evident
           both
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           practice
           of
           that
           
           Court.
           By
           the
           Law
           of
           England
           expressly
           by
           the
           Act
           Elizab
           .
           that
           Court
           was
           Invested
           w
           th
           all
           Ecclesiastical
           power
           before
           the
           Cancelling
           of
           the
           High-Commission
           ,
           the
           Bishops
           had
           a
           Power
           to
           Imprison
           persons
           ,
           and
           the
           Writ
           
             de
             excommunicato
             capiendo
          
           still
           continues
           .
           The
           words
           of
           the
           Act
           are
           that
           
             '
             the
             Queen
             ,
             or
             any
             of
             her
             Successors
             should
             nominate
             one
             or
             more
             persons
             to
             use
             ,
             exercise
             ,
             and
             occupy
             ,
             all
             manner
             of
             jurisdictions
             ,
             priviledges
             or
             preeminences
             in
             any
             wise
             touching
             ,
             or
             concerning
             any
             spiritual
             or
             Ecclesiastical
             jurisdiction
             ,
             and
             to
             visi●
             
             reforme
             ,
             redress
             ,
             order
             ,
             correct
             and
             amend
             all
             such
             Errors
             ,
             Heresies
             ,
             Schismes
             &
             c.
             '
          
           It
           was
           perfect
           nonsence
           for
           a
           Parliament
           to
           enable
           the
           English
           Soveraign
           to
           erect
           a
           Court
           to
           punish
           and
           amend
           Errors
           and
           Heresies
           ,
           if
           the
           Law
           of
           England
           had
           not
           declared
           what
           was
           an
           Heresy
           ,
           and
           likewise
           not
           to
           Invest
           them
           with
           power
           to
           accomplish
           such
           ends
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           not
           ,
           if
           they
           could
           not
           inflict
           punishments
           ,
           he
           returned
           ,
           
             '
             The
             jurisdiction
             was
             onely
             spiritual
             :
             '
          
           but
           to
           that
           was
           annexed
           a
           civil
           punishment
           .
           Upon
           excommunication
           there
           lay
           a
           Writ
           
           
             de
             excommunicato
             capiendo
          
           ;
           that
           a
           Person
           excommunicated
           for
           Heresy
           or
           Errors
           in
           Doctrine
           ,
           by
           that
           Writ
           might
           be
           Imprisoned
           ,
           is
           clear
           as
           the
           day
           .
           Certainly
           imprisonment
           is
           a
           civil
           Punishment
           .
           This
           Writ
           lay
           against
           those
           who
           were
           obstinate
           Offenders
           in
           Causes
           Ecclesiastical
           is
           evident
           by
           5
           
             Eliz.
             Cap.
          
           23
           ▪
           with
           the
           significavit
           to
           be
           added
           to
           the
           Writ
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           Significavit
           'tis
           joyn'd
           that
           the
           Excommunication
           doth
           proceed
           upon
           some
           cause
           of
           some
           Original
           matter
           of
           Heresy
           ,
           or
           Error
           in
           Religion
           or
           Doctrine
           ,
           now
           received
           and
           allowed
           in
           the
           said
           Church
           of
           
           England
           ,
           whereby
           it
           appears
           that
           Persons
           for
           Heresy
           might
           be
           Imprisoned
           ,
           and
           so
           Heresy
           to
           become
           Criminal
           .
           For
           it
           was
           to
           be
           punished
           by
           the
           civil
           Magistrate
           with
           Corporal
           Mulcts
           ;
           and
           farther
           lay
           a
           Writ
           
             de
             Heretico
             comburendo
          
           ;
           if
           nothing
           was
           declared
           Heresy
           ,
           why
           did
           their
           lye
           such
           a
           Writ
           .
           That
           such
           a
           Writ
           was
           in
           force
           ,
           is
           clear
           by
           the
           annulling
           of
           it
           ,
           when
           this
           fetal
           Plot
           was
           detected
           ,
           then
           the
           Parliament
           made
           an
           Act
           to
           Cancel
           it
           ,
           either
           it
           was
           in
           force
           ,
           or
           not
           ;
           if
           in
           force
           ,
           the
           Parliament
           was
           Prudent
           in
           making
           it
           
           void
           ,
           if
           not
           it
           casts
           a
           reproach
           upon
           the
           Two
           Houses
           to
           annul
           that
           which
           was
           exploded
           .
           That
           these
           Writs
           were
           in
           force
           is
           declared
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Writ
           
             de
             excommunicato
             capiendo
          
           retains
           its
           Vigor
           ,
           is
           evinc'd
           by
           the
           usage
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           England
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Writ
           
             de
             Heretico
             comburendo
          
           ,
           it
           was
           put
           in
           execution
           in
           King
           James
           his
           time
           .
           
             Legat
             &
             Wightman
          
           were
           Burnt
           ,
           the
           one
           in
           Smith-field
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           in
           Litchfield
           ,
           for
           the
           
             Arrian
             Heresy
          
           .
           He
           saith
           ,
           that
           they
           which
           approve
           such
           executions
           may
           peradventure
           know
           better
           grounds
           
           for
           them
           then
           I
           do
           .
           But
           grounds
           are
           very
           well
           worthy
           to
           be
           enquired
           after
           :
           but
           he
           might
           very
           well
           know
           the
           just
           grounds
           for
           them
           .
           He
           that
           affirms
           the
           Law
           to
           be
           the
           Sole
           rule
           of
           just
           and
           unjust
           could
           not
           be
           ignorant
           that
           by
           the
           common
           Law
           of
           England
           ,
           the
           Writ
           
             de
             Heretico
             comburendo
          
           was
           valid
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           an
           Heretick
           might
           legally
           be
           Burnt
           .
           My
           Lord
           
             Cook
             part
             3.
             cap.
          
           5.
           affirms
           that
           by
           the
           Books
           of
           the
           common
           Law
           the
           King
           Issuing
           our
           his
           VVrit
           
             de
             Heretico
             comburendo
          
           ,
           an
           Heretick
           ought
           to
           be
           Burnt
           .
           That
           Heresy
           might
           
           be
           punished
           by
           Corporeal
           and
           pecumiary
           Mulcts
           ,
           is
           clear
           by
           the
           Queens
           Letters
           Patents
           ,
           authorized
           by
           the
           1.
           
           Statute
           of
           her
           Reign
           .
           She
           did
           give
           to
           the
           Arch
           Bishop
           of
           Cant.
           the
           Bishop
           of
           London
           ,
           and
           divers
           others
           ,
           any
           Three
           or
           more
           of
           them
           ,
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           reforme
           ,
           redress
           ,
           order
           ,
           correct
           ,
           and
           amend
           &c.
           and
           to
           have
           full
           Power
           and
           Authority
           to
           order
           and
           award
           ,
           to
           every
           such
           offendor
           by
           Fine
           ,
           Imprisonment
           ,
           Censure
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           or
           otherways
           ,
           or
           all
           or
           any
           of
           the
           said
           ways
           .
           
             Cawdrys
             Case
          
           .
           and
           
           in
           that
           same
           case
           it
           is
           resolved
           by
           the
           Judges
           ,
           that
           the
           Statute
           of
           the
           First
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           did
           not
           introduce
           any
           new
           Law
           ,
           but
           declared
           an
           ancient
           one
           .
           The
           Title
           of
           the
           Statute
           being
           an
           Act
           restoring
           to
           the
           Crown
           the
           Ancient
           jurisdiction
           over
           the
           State
           Ecclesiastical
           and
           Spiritual
           .
           The
           Sovereign
           ,
           being
           the
           Supream
           head
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           without
           whose
           Authority
           no
           person
           can
           or
           ought
           to
           exercise
           any
           Ecclesiastical
           jurisdiction
           ,
           or
           proceed
           to
           any
           Censure
           ;
           it
           demonstrates
           that
           by
           the
           Royal
           Power
           an
           Heretick
           might
           be
           
           punished
           with
           a
           Civil
           and
           Corporeal
           Mulct
           .
           Farther
           the
           Star-Chamber
           was
           an
           ancient
           Court
           grounded
           upon
           the
           common
           Law
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           .
           Which
           Court
           took
           cognizance
           not
           onely
           of
           Civil
           Crimes
           but
           also
           of
           Ecclesiastical
           ,
           and
           did
           punish
           Hereticks
           by
           Imprisoning
           ,
           Fineing
           and
           Stigmatizeing
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Records
           of
           that
           Court
           ;
           and
           that
           famous
           Instance
           of
           Thrask
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           16.
           year
           of
           King
           James
           for
           spreading
           of
           
             Judaical
             Heresies
          
           ,
           he
           was
           cited
           into
           the
           Court
           and
           being
           obstinate
           
           was
           sentenced
           to
           be
           set
           in
           the
           Pillory
           ,
           Whipt
           to
           the
           Fleet
           ,
           Fined
           and
           Imprisoned
           ,
           all
           which
           was
           executed
           :
           by
           which
           it
           appears
           what
           truth
           there
           is
           in
           this
           assertion
           of
           Mr.
           
             Hobs
             ▪
          
           During
           the
           Time
           the
           
             High
             Commission
          
           was
           in
           being
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           Statute
           by
           which
           an
           Heretick
           might
           be
           punished
           otherwise
           than
           by
           the
           ordinary
           Censure
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           for
           't
           is
           proved
           that
           by
           the
           Common
           Law
           of
           England
           and
           the
           Statute
           Law
           during
           the
           time
           of
           the
           
             High
             Commission
             ,
             Hereticks
          
           might
           suffer
           in
           their
           Bodies
           and
           Purses
           :
           hence
           it
           follows
           that
           
           Heresy
           was
           criminal
           ,
           and
           he
           hath
           not
           vindicated
           himself
           from
           that
           contradiction
           with
           which
           he
           stands
           charged
           .
           He
           farther
           proceeds
           .
           
             '
             That
             no
             Doctrine
             could
             be
             accounted
             Heresy
             ,
             unless
             Commissioners
             had
             actually
             declared
             and
             published
             ,
             that
             what
             was
             made
             Heresy
             by
             the
             Four
             first
             general
             Councils
             should
             be
             Heresie
             :
             '
          
           but
           I
           never
           heard
           yet
           there
           was
           any
           such
           declaration
           made
           either
           by
           Proclamation
           ,
           by
           Recording
           in
           Churches
           ,
           or
           by
           Printing
           ,
           as
           is
           requisite
           in
           Penal
           Laws
           .
           We
           have
           before
           proved
           that
           the
           
             High
             Commission
          
           
           was
           not
           the
           Sole
           Judges
           of
           Heresy
           .
           That
           which
           the
           Church
           and
           Law
           of
           England
           condemns
           for
           Heresy
           ,
           is
           as
           fully
           divulged
           as
           can
           be
           expected
           .
           The
           39.
           
           Articles
           are
           sufficiently
           known
           ,
           and
           those
           Doctrines
           which
           the
           Four
           first
           general
           Councils
           received
           as
           Orthodox
           ,
           or
           condemned
           as
           Heretical
           ,
           are
           ratifi'd
           by
           the
           Law
           and
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           sufficiently
           promulged
           :
           The
           Nicene
           Creed
           which
           was
           completed
           by
           the
           Fourth
           general
           Council
           is
           read
           in
           every
           Church
           on
           Sundaies
           and
           Holy
           daies
           :
           The
           Athanasian
           
           Creed
           is
           to
           be
           read
           at
           peculiar
           Festivals
           ,
           both
           which
           Creeds
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           are
           part
           of
           the
           Liturgy
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           is
           imbodyed
           into
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Land
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           opinions
           which
           are
           contrary
           ,
           are
           made
           Heretical
           appears
           by
           these
           Clauses
           of
           the
           Athanasian
           Creed
           ,
           
             He
             therefore
             that
             will
             be
             saved
             must
             thus
             think
             of
             the
             Trinity
             .
             Furthermore
             it
             is
             Necessary
             to
             Everlasting
             Salvation
             that
             he
             also
             believe
             rightly
             the
             Incarnation
             of
             our
             Lord
             Jesus
             Christ
             :
          
           and
           this
           Clause
           ends
           the
           Creed
           ,
           
             This
             is
             the
             Catholick
             Faith
             which
             except
             a
             
             man
             believe
             Faithfully
             he
             cannot
             be
             saved
             .
          
           The
           Doctrines
           therefore
           declared
           to
           be
           Heretical
           are
           sufficiently
           ,
           by
           Printing
           and
           Recording
           in
           Churches
           ,
           divulged
           .
           To
           alleviate
           his
           Crime
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           to
           vindicare
           himself
           from
           Heresie
           ,
           he
           reflects
           upon
           our
           late
           sad
           distractions
           ,
           w
           ch
           to
           me
           administers
           matter
           of
           horror
           .
           
             '
             Before
             arms
             were
             taken
             up
             ,
             saith
             he
             ,
             the
             King
             abolished
             the
             
               High
               Commission
            
             ,
             but
             the
             Parliament
             pursued
             the
             Rebellion
             ,
             and
             put
             down
             both
             Episopacy
             and
             Monarchy
             ,
             erecting
             a
             power
             ,
             by
             them
             called
             a
             
               Common
               wealth
            
             ,
             
             by
             others
             the
             Rump
             ,
             which
             men
             obeyed
             not
             out
             of
             Duty
             but
             Fear
             ,
             '
          
           those
           actions
           were
           dreadfull
           ,
           and
           are
           the
           fontinels
           of
           all
           those
           fears
           which
           now
           afflict
           us
           .
           The
           just
           principles
           by
           which
           Government
           is
           formed
           and
           established
           ,
           and
           reasonable
           laws
           are
           enacted
           ,
           deservedly
           reprove
           and
           condemn
           those
           actions
           ,
           perpetrated
           in
           our
           late
           confusions
           ,
           which
           gave
           a
           scandall
           to
           our
           Religion
           and
           Nation
           :
           But
           how
           can
           he
           cast
           an
           odium
           upon
           those
           actions
           his
           sentiments
           justifie
           .
           Saith
           he
           ,
           
             '
             there
             were
             no
             humane
             Laws
             left
             in
             force
             to
             restrain
             
             any
             man
             from
             Preaching
             ,
             or
             Writing
             any
             Doctrine
             concerning
             Religion
             that
             he
             pleased
             .
             And
             in
             this
             time
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             a
             book
             called
             the
             Leviathan
             was
             writ
             in
             defence
             of
             the
             Kings
             Power
             Spiritual
             or
             Temporal
             ,
             without
             any
             word
             against
             Episcopacy
             ,
             or
             against
             Bishop
             ,
             or
             against
             the
             publick
             Doctrine
             of
             the
             Church
             .
             '
          
           To
           which
           t
           is
           thus
           Replyed
           ,
           
             '
             the
             Leviathan
             was
             impressed
             1651
             ,
             and
             come
             out
             in
             Latine
             upon
             his
             Majesties
             returne
             .
             In
             48
             England
             was
             totally
             subdued
             to
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             
             
               Rump
               ,
               Ireland
            
             in
             49.
             
             Scotland
             in
             51.
             was
             almost
             reduct
             by
             the
             Rump
             ,
             and
             his
             Majesties
             Army
             totally
             routed
             at
             Worcester
             ,
             in
             this
             year
             the
             Leviathan
             was
             published
             ,
             was
             this
             Book
             in
             defence
             of
             the
             Kings
             Power
             ,
             Spiritual
             and
             Temporal
             ,
             when
             his
             Majestie
             was
             in
             Banishment
             ?
             '
          
           His
           Majestie
           was
           then
           devested
           of
           all
           his
           lawfull
           Power
           and
           Authority
           ,
           and
           forc't
           into
           Exile
           ;
           This
           Leviathan
           ,
           if
           the
           Principles
           were
           admited
           ,
           justfied
           the
           Actions
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           he
           casts
           this
           Imputation
           on
           the
           Rump
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           obeyed
           onely
           
           for
           fear
           ;
           in
           the
           same
           book
           he
           endeavours
           to
           prove
           that
           man
           is
           not
           by
           Nature
           a
           lover
           of
           Society
           ,
           but
           at
           his
           original
           is
           in
           a
           state
           of
           War
           ;
           The
           dread
           of
           the
           Evils
           which
           are
           incident
           to
           that
           condition
           ,
           makes
           him
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           Society
           with
           others
           ;
           and
           let
           it
           be
           considered
           ,
           whether
           ,
           if
           Fear
           be
           the
           great
           inducement
           to
           Government
           ,
           they
           according
           to
           his
           Principles
           are
           to
           be
           condemned
           who
           out
           of
           the
           same
           fear
           obeyed
           the
           Rump
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           fundamental
           law
           of
           Nature
           is
           
             self
             Preservation
          
           ,
           and
           for
           fear
           that
           end
           should
           not
           be
           attained
           ,
           pacts
           are
           
           entred
           into
           ,
           but
           if
           after
           those
           pacts
           that
           design
           cannot
           beaccomplished
           ,
           then
           pacts
           are
           void
           :
           and
           therefore
           if
           people
           have
           a
           suspicion
           that
           the
           Prince
           will
           destroy
           them
           ,
           they
           may
           take
           up
           Arms.
           And
           if
           the
           Prince
           be
           devested
           of
           his
           Government
           ,
           the
           People
           are
           no
           longer
           obliged
           to
           obey
           him
           ,
           and
           upon
           this
           account
           of
           Self-Preservation
           ,
           they
           are
           to
           submit
           to
           those
           who
           can
           protect
           them
           .
           Upon
           this
           reason
           the
           taking
           the
           Engagement
           was
           lawful
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           his
           honour
           to
           present
           to
           the
           English
           Nation
           those
           Principles
           w
           ch
           induced
           
           many
           to
           take
           the
           Engagement
           .
        
         
           Oliver
           gaining
           the
           Protectorship
           ,
           was
           so
           pleased
           with
           him
           on
           those
           accounts
           ,
           that
           the
           great
           place
           of
           being
           Secretary
           was
           profered
           him
           .
           If
           these
           things
           be
           true
           ,
           (
           as
           unquestionably
           they
           are
           )
           let
           it
           then
           be
           considered
           ,
           whether
           any
           Sober
           man
           can
           believe
           that
           the
           Book
           called
           the
           Leviathan
           was
           writ
           in
           defence
           of
           the
           Kings
           Power
           ,
           Temporal
           and
           Ecclesiastical
           ;
           since
           it
           manifestly
           asserts
           the
           cause
           of
           Usurpers
           .
           It
           must
           be
           granted
           that
           Mr.
           Hobs
           doth
           give
           to
           the
           Soveraign
           all
           illimited
           
           power
           in
           things
           just
           and
           sacred
           .
           But
           this
           he
           gives
           to
           all
           sorts
           of
           Government
           ,
           to
           Aristocracy
           and
           Democracy
           as
           well
           as
           Monarchy
           .
        
         
           A
           Book
           to
           be
           penned
           and
           published
           by
           him
           ,
           when
           all
           the
           Kings
           Dominions
           were
           in
           the
           Power
           of
           those
           who
           took
           up
           Arms
           against
           him
           ▪
           which
           containes
           these
           Docttines
           .
           Pag.
           112.
           
           
             '
             But
             in
             case
             a
             great
             many
             men
             have
             already
             resisted
             the
             Soveraign
             Power
             unjustly
             ,
             or
             committed
             some
             Capital
             Crime
             ,
             for
             which
             every
             one
             of
             them
             expects
             Death
             ,
             whether
             have
             they
             not
             the
             Libertie
             
             then
             to
             joyn
             together
             ,
             and
             assist
             ,
             and
             defend
             one
             another
             ?
             certainly
             they
             have
             :
             for
             they
             but
             defend
             their
             lives
             ,
             which
             the
             Guilty
             man
             may
             as
             well
             do
             ,
             as
             the
             Innocent
             .
             There
             was
             indeed
             Injustice
             in
             the
             first
             breach
             of
             their
             Duty
             ;
             Their
             bearing
             of
             Arms
             subsequent
             to
             it
             ,
             tho
             it
             be
             to
             maintain
             what
             they
             have
             done
             ,
             is
             no
             new
             unjust
             Act
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             be
             only
             to
             defend
             their
             persons
             it
             is
             not
             unjust
             at
             all
             .
             Pag.
             114.
             
             The
             Obligation
             of
             Subjects
             to
             the
             Soveraign
             is
             understood
             to
             last
             as
             long
             and
             no
             longer
             than
             
             the
             power
             lasteth
             ,
             by
             which
             he
             is
             able
             to
             protect
             them
             .
             For
             the
             Right
             men
             have
             by
             nature
             to
             protect
             themselves
             ,
             when
             none
             else
             can
             protect
             them
             ,
             can
             by
             no
             covenant
             be
             relinquished
             ;
             The
             Soveraignty
             is
             he
             Soul
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             which
             once
             departed
             from
             the
             body
             ,
             the
             members
             do
             no
             more
             receive
             their
             motion
             from
             it
             .
             Pag.
             174.
             
             When
             in
             a
             War
             (
             forraine
             or
             intestine
             )
             the
             Enemies
             get
             a
             final
             Victory
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             forces
             of
             the
             Common
             Wealth
             keeping
             the
             Field
             no
             longer
             )
             there
             is
             no
             
             ther
             protection
             of
             Subjects
             in
             their
             Loyalty
             ;
             then
             is
             the
             Common-wealth
             dissolved
             ,
             and
             every
             man
             at
             liberty
             to
             protect
             himself
             by
             such
             causes
             as
             his
             own
             discretion
             shall
             suggest
             unto
             him
             .
             For
             the
             Soveraign
             is
             the
             publick
             Soul
             ,
             giveing
             Life
             and
             motion
             to
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             which
             expiring
             ,
             the
             Members
             are
             governed
             by
             it
             no
             more
             ,
             than
             the
             Carcass
             of
             a
             man
             by
             his
             departed
             (
             tho
             immortal
             )
             Soul.
             For
             tho
             the
             Right
             of
             a
             Soveraign
             Monarch
             cannot
             be
             extinguished
             by
             the
             Act
             of
             another
             ,
             
             yet
             the
             Obligation
             of
             the
             members
             may
             .
             For
             he
             that
             wants
             protection
             may
             seek
             it
             any
             where
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             hath
             it
             ,
             is
             obliged
             (
             without
             fraudulous
             pretence
             of
             having
             submitted
             himself
             out
             of
             fear
             )
             to
             protect
             his
             Protector
             as
             long
             as
             he
             is
             able
             .
             '
          
           It
           was
           so
           far
           from
           defending
           His
           Majesties
           Authority
           ,
           that
           without
           Command
           they
           plainly
           justifie
           the
           actions
           of
           his
           usurping
           Enemies
           .
           No
           person
           that
           hath
           suckt
           in
           Hobs
           his
           Principles
           ,
           can
           be
           a
           loyal
           Subject
           ,
           and
           hence
           likewise
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           he
           did
           not
           ingeniously
           
           with
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           when
           he
           averts
           in
           his
           Apology
           for
           his
           Leviathan
           ,
           in
           an
           Epistle
           dedicated
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           before
           
             Problemata
             Phisica
             ,
             nec
             vitio
             vertant
             quod
             contra
             Hostes
             pugnans
             &c.
             
          
           Let
           none
           account
           me
           a
           Criminal
           ,
           that
           fighting
           against
           your
           Enemies
           I
           took
           what
           Arms
           I
           could
           ,
           and
           Brandished
           a
           two
           Edged
           Sword
           ;
           certainly
           those
           Propositions
           Fought
           against
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           defended
           the
           Cause
           of
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           That
           in
           the
           same
           book
           he
           did
           write
           against
           Bishops
           and
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           is
           manifestly
           proved
           before
           .
           
           In
           the
           Common-Prayer
           book
           are
           contained
           several
           Doctrines
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           oppose
           or
           deny
           which
           (
           as
           Mr.
           Hobs
           doth
           in
           the
           aforesaid
           book
           )
           is
           made
           Criminal
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           be
           punished
           by
           the
           Civil
           magistrate
           ,
           by
           the
           first
           of
           Queen
           
             Eliza.
             Cap.
          
           2.
           
           The
           Title
           of
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           there
           be
           Uniformity
           of
           Prayer
           and
           Administration
           of
           the
           Sacraments
           ,
           in
           which
           there
           are
           these
           words
           .
        
         
           
             '
             Be
             it
             enacted
             ,
             that
             every
             Per
             son
             or
             Persons
             whatsoeverthat
             shall
             in
             any
             Interludes
             Plays
             ,
             Songs
             ,
             Rhymes
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             other
             open
             words
             declare
             
             or
             speak
             any
             thing
             depraving
             or
             despiseing
             the
             same
             Book
             ,
             or
             any
             part
             thereof
             ,
             or
             any
             thing
             therein
             contained
             ,
             then
             the
             party
             convicted
             shall
             forfeit
             to
             the
             Queen
             for
             the
             first
             Offence
             an
             Hundred
             Marks
             .
             '
          
           He
           concludes
           this
           Tract
           with
           casting
           an
           odious
           and
           false
           Scandal
           upon
           the
           whole
           Christian
           Clergy
           ;
           Down
           from
           the
           whole
           Council
           of
           Nice
           to
           this
           present
           time
           ,
           in
           these
           words
           ;
        
         
           
             '
             So
             fierce
             are
             men
             for
             the
             most
             part
             in
             dispute
             ,
             where
             either
             their
             Learning
             or
             Power
             is
             debated
             ,
             that
             they
             
             never
             think
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             but
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             are
             offended
             they
             cry
             out
             Crucify
             ,
             forgetting
             what
             Paul
             saith
             ,
             even
             in
             case
             of
             obstinate
             holding
             of
             an
             Error
             .
             2.
             
             Tim.
             24.
             25.
             
             The
             Servant
             of
             the
             Lord
             must
             not
             strive
             ,
             but
             be
             gentle
             unto
             all
             men
             ,
             apt
             to
             Teach
             ,
             Patient
             ,
             in
             Meekness
             Instructing
             those
             that
             oppose
             ,
             if
             God
             peradventure
             may
             give
             them
             Repentance
             to
             the
             acknowledging
             of
             the
             Truth
             .
             '
          
           T
           is
           true
           both
           the
           Bishops
           and
           the
           Presbyterians
           did
           accuse
           that
           Book
           (
           in
           the
           Parliament
           )
           of
           Heresy
           :
           why
           could
           
           they
           be
           fierce
           ,
           their
           learning
           and
           their
           power
           being
           not
           disputed
           ,
           when
           he
           professes
           in
           that
           book
           he
           medled
           not
           with
           them
           ,
           their
           power
           ,
           or
           learning
           .
           Those
           things
           make
           not
           the
           Clergy
           fierce
           ;
           t
           is
           the
           Person
           ,
           the
           Religion
           ,
           the
           Faith
           of
           the
           Holy
           Jesus
           for
           which
           the
           Clergy
           have
           been
           and
           are
           still
           so
           Zealously
           contending
           ;
           they
           are
           ,
           and
           were
           piously
           fierce
           in
           opposing
           prophane
           Heresies
           ,
           and
           Blasphemous
           Impieties
           ;
           the
           Zeal
           of
           the
           Lord
           of
           Hosts
           hath
           eaten
           up
           those
           holy
           Divines
           ;
           their
           zelous
           defence
           of
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           their
           master
           
           hath
           not
           violated
           the
           Apostles
           direction
           given
           to
           the
           Pastors
           of
           the
           Church
           2.
           
           Tim.
           that
           reaches
           only
           those
           who
           erred
           through
           infirmity
           ,
           not
           obstinacy
           .
           Contumacious
           Hereticks
           they
           are
           bound
           to
           oppose
           withall
           Holy
           Zeal
           and
           Indignation
           .
           Did
           not
           he
           blush
           to
           averr
           that
           they
           cryed
           Crucifie
           ,
           when
           they
           knew
           not
           the
           Law.
           Could
           they
           be
           ignorant
           of
           that
           Law
           which
           they
           themselves
           put
           in
           execution
           :
           Their
           ignorance
           of
           the
           Law
           did
           not
           make
           them
           cry
           Crufie
           ,
           but
           knowing
           the
           Law
           and
           Gospel
           became
           profest
           Enemies
           to
           those
           who
           by
           
           their
           Antichristian
           opinions
           Crucifie
           again
           the
           Lord
           of
           Glory
           .
        
         
           What
           Reproach
           casts
           he
           upon
           Religion
           when
           he
           loads
           the
           Christian
           Divines
           with
           such
           imputations
           .
           Those
           that
           are
           verst
           in
           Ecclesiastical
           History
           ,
           and
           have
           read
           the
           Fathers
           ,
           cannot
           but
           conclude
           that
           the
           Basil's
           ,
           the
           Gregory's
           &c.
           were
           men
           as
           great
           for
           Learning
           and
           Goodness
           as
           the
           World
           ever
           produced
           ;
           their
           fervent
           opposition
           of
           Hereticks
           was
           not
           contrariant
           to
           that
           Apostoliocal
           Precept
           .
           The
           Holy
           Christian
           Divines
           (
           obeying
           
           the
           Apostolical
           Commands
           
             Titus
             3.
             10.
             
             An
             Heretick
             after
             the
             first
             and
             second
             Admonition
             reject
             ,
             2
             Pet.
             2.
             1.
             
             If
             any
             one
             bring
             another
             Doctrine
             ,
             receive
             him
             not
             into
             your
             house
             ,
             nor
             bid
             him
             good
             speed
             .
          
           )
           down
           from
           the
           Apostles
           time
           to
           this
           day
           have
           and
           will
           be
           till
           Christ
           come
           to
           Judgement
           ,
           Zealous
           and
           Pious
           opposers
           ,
           of
           those
           who
           privately
           bring
           in
           damnable
           Heresies
           denying
           the
           Lord
           that
           bought
           them
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
  

