# bib

id: 43728
author: Moss, Arthur B.
title: Natural Man
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5455
sentence: 234
flesch: 68
cache: cache/43728.txt
txt: txt/43728.txt
summary:
  Haeckel says (Pedigree of Man, p. 36): If we can only prove the general truth of the Darwinian theory, our idea of the origin of man from lower vertebrata follows of necessity, and we are not obliged to give a special proof as to this latter view if the general proposition is well established. For centuries man groped about in the dark.


id: 50969
author: Wallace, F. L. (Floyd L.)
title: Big Ancestor
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9528
sentence: 794
flesch: 85
cache: cache/50969.txt
txt: txt/50969.txt
summary:
  Physically, they were very much as Halden had described them to Taphetta, small four-legged creatures with fleshy antennae. They sat down facing it--Taphetta, Kelburn, Meredith, Halden and Emmer.


id: 2933
author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
title: On Some Fossil Remains of Man
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11805
sentence: 394
flesch: 55
cache: cache/2933.txt
txt: txt/2933.txt
summary:
  And yet, as we have seen, it is more in this respect than any other, that human skulls vary, towards and from, the brutal type--the brain case of an average dolichocephalic European differing far less from that of a Negro, for example, than his jaws do. [10] Some time after the publication of the translation of Professor Schaaffhausen's Memoir, I was led to study the cast of the Neanderthal cranium with more attention than I had previously bestowed upon it, in consequence of wishing to supply Sir Charles Lyell with a diagram, exhibiting the special peculiarities of this skull, as compared with other human skulls.


id: 2931
author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
title: Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 17499
sentence: 578
flesch: 63
cache: cache/2931.txt
txt: txt/2931.txt
summary:
  Although the Orang resides mostly amid the boughs of great trees, during the daytime, he is very rarely seen squatting on a thick branch, as other apes, and particularly the Gibbons, do. An Orang climbs so slowly and cautiously, [20] as, in this act, to resemble a man more than an ape, taking great care of his feet, so that injury of them seems to affect him far more than it does other apes.


id: 17239
author: Fiske, John
title: The Destiny of Man, Viewed in the Light of His Origin
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18637
sentence: 779
flesch: 61
cache: cache/17239.txt
txt: txt/17239.txt
summary:
  When we bear this in mind, we see how natural and inevitable it was that the Church should persecute such men as Galileo and Bruno. It enlarges tenfold the significance of human life, places it upon even a loftier eminence than poets or prophets have imagined, and makes it seem more than ever the chief object of that creative activity which is manifested in the physical universe. III.


id: 2932
author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
title: On the Relations of Man to the Lower Animals
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 20365
sentence: 509
flesch: 47
cache: cache/2932.txt
txt: txt/2932.txt
summary:
  Our reverence for the nobility of manhood will not be lessened by the knowledge that Man is, in substance and in structure, one with the brutes; for, he alone possesses the marvellous endowment of intelligible and rational speech, whereby, in the secular period of his existence, he has slowly accumulated and organized the experience which is almost wholly lost with the cessation of every individual life in other animals; so that now he stands raised upon it as on a mountain top, far above the level of his humble fellows, and transfigured from his grosser nature by reflecting, here and there, a ray from the infinite source of truth. It has not yet been possible (and only by some rare chance can it ever be possible) to study the human ovum in so early a developmental stage as that of yelk division, but there is every reason to conclude that the changes it undergoes are identical with those exhibited by the ova of other vertebrated animals; for the formative materials of which the rudimentary human body is composed, in the earliest conditions in which it has been observed, are the same as those of other animals.


id: 30429
author: Mott, Henry A. (Henry Augustus)
title: Was Man Created?
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 31527
sentence: 1452
flesch: 63
cache: cache/30429.txt
txt: txt/30429.txt
summary:
  Carnivora +-------------+ | | (_Land Animals | | Pterocynes of Prey_). The literal references to the foregoing are: _am_, amnion; _al_, allantois; _v_, vitellus; _h_, encephalon; _i_, eye; _c_, heart; _f_, liver; _g_, gizzard; _ms_, upper, and _mi_, lower member.


id: 43618
author: Knight, Sherwood Sweet
title: Human Life
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 34863
sentence: 954
flesch: 50
cache: cache/43618.txt
txt: txt/43618.txt
summary:
  Turning now from geological evidence to that founded upon other observations, as to the length of time man has been an inhabitant of the earth, perhaps one of the most interesting discoveries was that of the Tumuli or mounds of shells of such animals as the oyster, cockle, limpet, etc., and, along with this, the bones of birds, wild animals, and fish, together with stone implements and rude pottery. While the indulging in some amusements, such as a game of chance, for an insignificant stake, in order to maintain the interest, may be done with impunity by parties whose financial condition is such that the counters involved are of no moment to them, and the stability of their temperament is sedate enough so that the excitement of the game will not fascinate them with a snake's charm; yet are these particular participants sure that this is true of all of the company at such times?


id: 38145
author: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm
title: Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 37205
sentence: 1184
flesch: 53
cache: cache/38145.txt
txt: txt/38145.txt
summary:
  Passion will not wait: the tragic element in the lives of great men does not generally consist in their conflict with time and the inferiority of their fellowmen but in their inability to put off their work a year or two: they cannot wait.--In all duels, the friends who advise have but to ascertain if the principals can wait: if this be not possible, a duel is rational inasmuch as each of the combatants may say: either I continue to live and the other dies instantly, or vice versa. By such men as are capable of this sadness--how few there are!--will the first attempt be made to see if humanity may convert itself from a thing of morality to a thing of wisdom.


id: 53261
author: Muir, Edwin
title: We Moderns: Enigmas and Guesses
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 40330
sentence: 2168
flesch: 70
cache: cache/53261.txt
txt: txt/53261.txt
summary:
  For creative Love would enjoin, not sympathy with suffering, but the will to transcend suffering; not reform, whose aim is happiness, but revolution, whose aim is growth; not Art for Art's sake, an escape from Life into a stationary æsthetic world, but the creation, out of Life, of ever new Art; not Realism or the need to find men interesting; but idealization, or the desire to _make_ men interesting. In short, good things can only be produced by great men--and these are exceptions.


id: 35329
author: MacLean, J. P. (John Patterson)
title: A Manual of the Antiquity of Man
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 45580
sentence: 2319
flesch: 71
cache: cache/35329.txt
txt: txt/35329.txt
summary:
  Advance of the Glaciers--Fauna---Reindeer epoch a distinct one--Evidences of the existence of Man--Caves of Central and Southern France--Implements from Les Eyzies--Relics from La Madeleine--Workshops of Laugerie-Haute and Laugerie-Basse-- Cave and rock shelters of Bruniquel--Cave of Gourdan--Fossil Man of Mentone--Other remains near Mentone--Other bone caves of France--Belgian Caverns--Trou de Frontal--Trou Rosette-- Trou des Nutons--Cave of Chaleux--Cave at Furfooz--Cave of Thayngen--Cave near Cracow. This jaw-bone belonged to an old man, and is described as displaying a tendency toward the animal structure in the shortness and breadth of the ascending ramus (the perpendicular portion of the lower jaw), the equal height of the two apophyses (a process or regular prominence forming a continuous part of the body of the bone), the indication of prognathism (projecting jaw) furnished by the very obtuse angle at which the ramus joins the body of the bone.[14] Near the same locality other human bones were discovered Which presented the same characteristics.


id: 28471
author: Morris, Charles
title: Man And His Ancestor: A Study In Evolution
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 58302
sentence: 2233
flesch: 61
cache: cache/28471.txt
txt: txt/28471.txt
summary:
  It was probably much smaller than existing man, little if any more than four feet in height and not more than half the weight of man. There are races of existing men whose powers of language seem still in the transition stage between articulate and inarticulate speech.


id: 5173
author: Nukariya, Kaiten
title: The Religion of the Samurai A Study of Zen Philosophy and Discipline in China and Japan
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 86987
sentence: 4340
flesch: 73
cache: cache/5173.txt
txt: txt/5173.txt
summary:
  If we are not mistaken, Kumarajiva, who came to China A.D. 384, made a valuable contribution towards the foundation of Zen in that country, not merely through his translation of Zen sutras above mentioned, but by the education of his disciples, such as Sang Chao (So-jo, died A.D. 414), Sang Shang (So-sho, whose writings undoubtedly influenced later Zen teachers. The translation of Hinayana Zen sutras first paved the way for our faith.


id: 6430
author: Haeckel, Ernst
title: The Evolution of Man — Volume 1
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 104318
sentence: 4675
flesch: 61
cache: cache/6430.txt
txt: txt/6430.txt
summary:
  Inside it, as in many other cells, there is a nuclear skeleton or frame and a third, hard nuclear body (the nucleolus). If our biogenetic law is true, if the embryonic development is a summary or condensed recapitulation of the stem-history--and there can be no doubt about it--we are bound to conclude, from the fact that all the ova are at first simple cells, that all the multicellular organisms originally sprang from a unicellular being.


id: 12699
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 109007
sentence: 3958
flesch: 70
cache: cache/12699.txt
txt: txt/12699.txt
title:
  The Works of Aristotle the Famous Philosopher Containing his Complete Masterpiece and Family Physician; his Experienced Midwife, his Book of Problems and his Remarks on Physiognomy

summary:
  Barrenness makes women look young, because they are free from those pains and sorrows which other women are accustomed to. Yet they have not the full perfection of health which other women enjoy, because they are not rightly purged of the menstruous blood and superfluous seed, which are the principal cause of most uterine diseases.


id: 6710
author: Haeckel, Ernst
title: The Evolution of Man — Volume 2
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 106584
sentence: 5421
flesch: 63
cache: cache/6710.txt
txt: txt/6710.txt
summary:
  As in many other lower animals, the cells have only one whip-like hair each, and so are called flagellate (whip) cells (in contrast with the ciliated cells, which have a number of short lashes or cilia). The bladder originates from the hindmost and lowest part of the allantoic pedicle (urachus), which enlarges in spindle shape before the entry into the cloaca.


id: 42741
author: Dawson, John William, Sir
title: The Story of the Earth and Man
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 105364
sentence: 3894
flesch: 60
cache: cache/42741.txt
txt: txt/42741.txt
summary:
  These, at least in the west of Europe, were the Palaeolithic men, the makers of the oldest flint implements; and armed with these, they had to assert the mastery of man over broader lands then we now possess, and over many species of great animals now extinct. This fact leads us naturally to consider in the second place the mammalia, and other land animals of the Tertiary.


id: 743
author: Godwin, William
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 116683
sentence: 4202
flesch: 61
cache: cache/743.txt
txt: txt/743.txt
title:
  Thoughts on Man, His Nature, Productions and Discoveries Interspersed with Some Particulars Respecting the Author

summary:
  In the ensuing volume I have attempted to give a defined and permanent form to a variety of thoughts, which have occurred to my mind in the course of thirty-four years, it being so long since I published a volume, entitled, the Enquirer,--thoughts, which, if they have presented themselves to other men, have, at least so far as I am aware, never been given to the public through the medium of the press. With respect to the censure and retaliation of other men on my proceeding, these, by the terms of my supposition, are left out of the question.


id: 46379
author: Laing, S. (Samuel)
title: Human Origins
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 120495
sentence: 3178
flesch: 49
cache: cache/46379.txt
txt: txt/46379.txt
summary:
  That is to say, he makes excerpts from the sources at his disposal; sometimes inserts them consecutively and without alteration; at other times makes additions and changes of his own; and, in Canon Driver's words, does not scruple to omit what is not required for his purpose, and in fact treats his authorities with considerable freedom. In Syria and Palestine, the Phoenicians, Canaanites, and Hebrews were all immigrants from the Persian Gulf or Arabian frontier, either directly or through the medium of Egypt and Assyria, who did not even pretend to be the earliest inhabitants, but found other races, as the Amorites and Hittites, in possession, whose traditions again went back to barbarous aborigines of Zammumim, who seemed to them to stammer their unintelligible language.


id: 40257
author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
title: Man's Place in Nature, and Other Essays
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 135963
sentence: 3920
flesch: 53
cache: cache/40257.txt
txt: txt/40257.txt
summary:
  It has not yet been possible (and only by some rare chance can it ever be possible) to study the human ovum in so early a developmental stage as that of yelk division, but there is every reason to conclude that the changes it undergoes are identical with those exhibited by the ova of other vertebrated animals; for the formative materials of which the rudimentary human body is composed, in the earliest conditions in which it has been observed, are the same as those of other animals. But, with all these differences, they are so closely connected in all the more important and fundamental characters of their organization, and so distinctly separated by these same characters from other animals, that zoologists find it necessary to group them together as members of one order.


id: 6335
author: Lyell, Charles, Sir
title: The Antiquity of Man
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 168792
sentence: 5284
flesch: 55
cache: cache/6335.txt
txt: txt/6335.txt
summary:
  We know that Greenland was not always covered with snow and ice, for when we examine the Tertiary strata of Disco Island (of the Upper Miocene period) we discover there a multitude of fossil plants, which demonstrate that, like many other parts of the arctic regions, it formerly enjoyed a mild and genial climate. Among the accompanying animals found fossil in the same bone-earth, were observed Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Ursus spelaeus, Bos primigenius, Megaceros hibernicus, Cervus tarandus (and other species of Cervus), Felis spelaea, Canis lupus, Canis vulpes, and teeth and bones of the genus Equus in great numbers.


id: 15293
author: Semple, Ellen Churchill
title: Influences of Geographic Environment On the Basis of Ratzel's System of Anthropo-Geography
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 235296
sentence: 11332
flesch: 60
cache: cache/15293.txt
txt: txt/15293.txt
summary:
  This is the zone which least suffers from the drawbacks of climatic monotony or extremes, and best combines, especially in the northern hemisphere, the wide range of annual and seasonal variety so favorable to economic and cultural development, with the incalculable advantage of large land area. The homogeneity of island peoples seems to indicate that individual variations are in time communicated by heredity to a whole population under conditions of isolation; and in this way modifications due to artificial selection and a changed environment become widely spread.


id: 2300
author: Darwin, Charles
title: The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 311803
sentence: 13686
flesch: 64
cache: cache/2300.txt
txt: txt/2300.txt
summary:
  Since in such cases the males have acquired their present structure, not from being better fitted to survive in the struggle for existence, but from having gained an advantage over other males, and from having transmitted this advantage to their male offspring alone, sexual selection must here have come into action. So again, if the chief service rendered to the male by his prehensile organs is to prevent the escape of the female before the arrival of other males, or when assaulted by them, these organs will have been perfected through sexual selection, that is by the advantage acquired by certain individuals over their rivals.


# ent

id: 44541
sid: 218
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  beziehungen der ausgestorbenen saeugethierfaunen und ihr verhaeltniss zur saeugethierfauna der gegenwart


id: 40257
sid: 3414
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  de quelles matières il était composé et quels arrangemens ces mêmes matières observaient entre elles.


