Bread
for
the
Poor
:
AND
Advancement
of
the
English
NATION
,
BY
Enclosure
of
the
Waste
and
Common
GROUNDS
.
IT
was
a
right
and
proper
speech
of
a
Roman
Bishop
touching
this
Kingdom
,
when
he
termed
it
verè
hortus
deliciarum
,
verè
puteus
inexhaustus
.
A
very
Garden
of
delights
,
and
a
very
Well
that
cannot
be
exhausted
.
And
that
exprest
with
such
confidence
,
that
to
each
Attribute
he
gave
a
severall
varè
,
thereby
concluding
that
his
commendation
was
grounded
on
sure
and
evident
reason
.
To
search
the
foundation
of
which
Attributes
,
we
shall
finde
it
to
be
the
Eden-like
blessing
received
at
the
Almighties
hand
in
his
first
Creation
;
who
vouchsafed
it
so
flourishing
a
sight
,
and
garden-like
condition
,
that
therein
it
surpasseth
others
,
and
stands
a
Mirror
to
the
worlds
Nations
,
looking
over
her
walls
to
behold
it
.
The
pleasure
and
plenty
by
this
speech
intimated
,
issue
from
the
vertue
of
the
former
Attribute
Horius
.
For
the
nature
of
a
Garden
is
to
be
the
Nurcery
of
Plenty
as
well
as
of
Delights
;
and
as
a
Garden
of
all
other
improvements
hath
the
preheminence
in
either
;
so
in
this
denomination
of
England
to
be
verè
Hortus
,
it
might
be
further
concluded
,
a
verè
puteus
inexhaustus
.
Now
it
having
pleased
God
to
put
us
into
this
Garden
,
what
may
we
conceive
he
requireth
of
our
part
to
be
performed
?
To
dream
of
the
Golden
Age
,
and
feed
on
the
Poets
,
Sponte
suâ
Tell
us
?
To
carouse
the
Nectar
,
and
not
plant
the
Vine
?
No
,
as
Adam
in
Eden
,
so
are
we
by
that
all-Creator
placed
in
this
Garden
,
To
keep
it
and
dresse
it
,
for
the
comfort
,
encrease
,
and
preservation
of
his
people
committed
unto
it
,
which
indeed
hath
formerly
been
so
well
performed
,
that
our
Garden
hath
not
only
feasted
her
own
family
abundantly
at
home
,
but
(
to
her
honour
and
profit
)
relieved
the
wants
of
her
neighbour-friends
abroad
,
so
strengthening
and
storing
her selfe
with
life
and
wealth
,
that
(
when
she
enjoyed
peace
in
her
own
house
)
as
the
Imperiall
Lady
of
Europe's
bounds
,
she
ruled
the
Nations
with
an
high
hand
;
and
not
the
proudest
suitor
enamoured
of
her
beauty
,
nor
the
cruellest
foe
envying
her
fortunes
,
could
ever
execute
the
least
attempt
on
her
worth
;
witnesse
the
late
happy
atonement
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
whose
hands
conjoyned
,
made
so
strong
the
arm
of
this
Empire
,
that
it
hath
alwayes
since
(
as
in
like
case
before
)
broken
in
peeces
the
highest
head
of
power
and
practice
that
urg'd
her
to
strike
.
But
time
producing
alternities
,
and
the
many
peacefull
yeers
of
our
Dread
Caesars
Protection
,
begetting
such
multitudes
of
souls
in
the
Tribes
of
our
Israel
,
as
former
ages
never
saw
:
It
now
behoveth
us
to
survey
and
search
the
angles
of
our
Garden
,
and
so
to
dresse
the
desert
and
fruitlesse
borders
of
it
,
that
our
increased
charge
be
not
unprovided
for
,
nor
by
our
neglect
the
family
famished
,
that
so
late
was
the
wonder
of
plenty
to
others
:
In
which
designement
we
shall
finde
those
unblessed
lands
,
the
Wastes
and
Common
grounds
of
this
Kingdom
,
extending
themselves
into
so
large
a
portion
of
our
Garden
,
that
they
are
both
a
blemish
in
the
beauty
of
it
,
and
the
reason
of
want
and
weaknesse
in
our
multiplied
charge
;
and
could
the
present
abuse
of
them
be
discovered
to
the
utmost
,
and
the
fruit
of
their
improvement
foreshewed
,
no
member
(
I
presume
)
of
this
State
(
nisi
mentis
inops
,
or
Reipublicae
inimicus
)
but
would
grieve
at
the
one
,
and
with
the
utmost
posse
of
his
abilities
labour
the
other
.
But
forasmuch
as
the
state
of
them
is
of
most
men
meerly
unconsidered
;
of
some
,
somewhat
understood
,
&
yet
but
in
an
imperiect
apprehension
;
of
few
or
none
at
large
or
according
to
their
certain
condition
:
I
have
presumed
(
in
zeal
to
my
Countrey
)
to
collect
the
reasons
that
may
lead
us
to
some
perfect
understanding
of
them
;
hoping
that
when
the
well
featur'd
portraicture
of
their
reformed
body
shall
be
more
apparent
to
the
judicious
view
of
our
Imperiall
Gardiner
,
and
his
Monarchicall
Family
;
it
may
please
God
to
quicken
it
with
the
breath
of
life
,
and
a
perfect
creation
,
to
the
reliefe
,
power
,
and
honour
of
the
whole
Nation
.
But
to
omit
relation
of
the
severall
natures
of
these
Lands
throughout
England
particularly
,
(
which
vain
tediousnesse
(
if
not
impossibility
)
may
excuse
,
)
I
will
chiefly
incircle
my
reports
of
Wastes
(
ad
suum
esse
)
within
the
limits
of
the
County
of
Somerset
(
my
native
soil
)
and
some
neighbouring
parts
,
where
mine
eye
and
eare
having
been
most
conversant
in
observations
of
this
subject
,
I
can
presume
of
a
true
and
sincere
account
of
the
state
of
those
Wastes
.
And
yet
shall
I
not
be
so
punctually
immured
within
the
confines
of
that
Countrey
,
but
that
I
may
use
of
this
discourse
,
the
Mathematicians
promise
of
their
yeerly
Almanacks
:
That
it
is
calculated
for
the
Meridian
of
Somerset
,
but
may
serve
indifferently
through
all
England
.
And
though
I
cut
my
pattern
by
the
Wastes
of
those
parts
only
,
yet
may
it
please
the
Reader
(
observant
of
other
wheresoever
)
to
make
use
of
these
assertions
:
I
am
well
assured
he
shall
in
some
or
most
parts
finde
them
concurring
with
his
own
opinion
,
or
gain
reason
of
encouragement
to
the
work
in
question
,
beyond
that
which
former
passages
have
occasioned
him
.
There
hath
been
a
long
observed
rule
with
us
,
That
people
are
no where
more
penurious
then
such
as
border
on
Common
Lands
:
And
this
poverty
we
may
finde
thrown
down
upon
us
by
three
main
hands
.
I.
The
first
of
Gods
displeasure
,
which
indeed
is
the
reason
of
the
rest
,
and
hath
in
it
all
disprofits
,
for
how
can
we
expect
his
blessing
on
that
which
our
own
wilfull
idlenesse
makes
hatefull
to
him
?
or
why
should
he
blesse
those
that
wittingly
retain
the
curse
of
sin
in
their
dwellings
?
II.
The
second
of
our
own
blindnesse
,
That
while
penury
steales
upon
us
we
are
so
oculis
capti
,
as
not
to
see
by
what
means
it
comes
:
but
thus
indeed
we
are
deceived
.
The
surmised
benefit
which
Commoners
depend
on
to
proceed
from
these
deserts
falling
short
of
their
hopes
,
they
sink
insensibly
in
the
vain
opinion
thereof
;
for
they
suppose
these
profits
a
great
part
and
member
of
their
living
,
according
to
which
computation
,
they
hoise
sail
into
an
higher
Gale
of
expence
then
their
Ship
can
endure
,
and
while
they
dream
of
Midas
his
thrift
,
they
starve
in
the
delusions
of
their
deceiving
accounts
,
and
the
Eve-like
help
which
they
imagine
their
Commons
are
to
their
Enclosures
,
betrayeth
all
into
the
hands
of
beggery
,
as
hereafter
will
further
appeare
.
III.
The
third
of
Idlenesse
,
and
this
indeed
is
so
consequent
,
that
for
this
respect
only
,
we
may
well
enough
presume
that
Wastes
are
more
mischievous
then
beneficiall
to
the
Republique
.
For
our
poorer
people
bordering
on
these
Lands
,
account
it
to
be
a
sufficient
Trade
of
living
to
be
only
a
Borderer
:
and
so
many
Stratagems
(
forsooth
)
have
they
to
get
thrift
here
,
that
to
seeke
other
mysteries
of
gaining
,
were
to
incur
the
danger
of
sweat
,
and
a
laborious
life
.
Here
(
say
they
)
we
can
keep
a
horse
or
a
cow
(
if
we
have
any
,
)
or
if
our
estate
will
not
reach
to
such
a
one
,
yet
can
we
compass
a
goose
or
a
swine
,
that
in
a
yeer
may
yield
us
many
a
penny
(
God
wot
.
)
Here
can
we
get
a
furze
,
a
ferne
,
a
green
bush
,
or
a
dried
cowsharn
,
to
keep
our selves
close
by
the
fire
in
a
cold
season
,
when
your
City-trades
will
not
allow
you
no
such
ease
,
nor
yield
you
fuell
without
your
money
.
Here
can
we
get
wit
by
practising
to
beguile
the
silly
Woodcock
and
his
feathered
fellows
by
tricks
and
traps
of
our
own
painfull
framing
,
the
profit
whereof
shall
sometimes
keep
us
playing
till
our
next
wants
enforce
a
new
supply
.
Nay
,
whereas
some
suppose
us
to
be
poor
,
idle
,
and
of
no
credit
,
we
can
be
trusted
with
the
oversight
and
charge
of
whole
.
Herds
of
Cattell
of
the
rich
mans
that
dwells
farther
of
,
only
when
some
are
missing
,
he
uncharitably
suspects
that
by
our
birdings
,
or
our
seeking
them
(
wittingly
)
where
they
are
not
,
or
our
carelesnesse
,
of
many
such
means
,
they
are
lost
.
And
this
often
times
is
the
thanks
,
that
such
●lu●h-fists
give
us
in
recompence
of
our
pains
,
may
,
can
they
get
but
any
reasonable
evidence
(
such
is
their
conscience
)
they
will
not
stick
to
call
our
very
lives
in
question
,
whereby
often
endeth
the
travell
of
a
night-walker
.
Finally
,
if
our
issue
and
posterity
amount
to
a
whole
score
in
a
family
,
or
how
many
soever
,
we
have
for
them
all
as
good
an
inheritance
in
these
Lands
,
as
he
that
hath
an
hundred
Cattell
of
his
own
to
put
in
them
,
for
a
good
ten
acre
Tenement
:
And
why
may
not
we
in
time
(
especially
by
such
good
helps
as
these
)
increase
to
a
good
stock
also
,
and
keep
as
many
Cattell
as
some
others
?
And
think
you
that
we
can
advise
our selves
no
better
,
then
to
turn
off
our
children
to
foolish
(
sweating
)
trades
,
whereby
they
shall
lose
this
inheritance
,
and
so
choise
and
easie
a
means
to
get
wealth
?
Or
can
any
living
wit
devise
a
better
course
for
these
Commons
,
by
which
such
an
infinite
number
of
numbers
be
now
so
wel
maintained
and
kept
in
action
?
No
,
't
will
cost
more
hot
water
to
alter
our
custome
,
then
can
be
made
with
all
the
spice
in
the
great
Carricke
,
I
warrant
you
.
As
for
inclosure
(
which
some
talke
of
)
the
very
rumor
thereof
will
so
impoverish
the
poore
borderers
,
that
before
you
go
about
it
,
you
shall
scarce
finde
one
of
five
of
them
worth
a
Duck-egge
.
Well
,
I
grant
you
,
yet
should
a
man
wish
you
richer
,
I
doubt
not
but
you
will
thank
him
for
it
,
though
you
refuse
his
offer
,
I
will
therefore
proceed
to
tell
you
my
opinion
.
The
Wastes
of
this
Country
(
by
which
we
take
our
aim
)
are
in
their
naturall
essence
of
two
sorts
.
viz
,
Uplandish
,
and
Marish
.
And
first
of
the
first
.
The
principall
benefits
of
the
uplandish
Wastes
are
reaped
in
the
breeding
and
feeding
(
or
you
may
say
starving
)
of
Horses
,
Neat
and
Sheep
,
and
in
cutting
up
Furze
,
Fernes
,
Heath
,
Bushments
,
and
such
like
for
fuell
.
I.
As
for
the
keeping
of
the
horses
on
these
upland
Wastes
,
it
is
thus
:
He
that
breedeth
a
Colt
,
assigneth
him
on
these
Commons
to
labour
for
his
living
,
yet
so
far
is
he
from
sweating
in
this
work
,
that
though
he
travels
the
whole
day
for
a
course
Sallet
,
he
can
hardly
keep
warmth
enough
to
prevent
death
:
And
sometimes
extremity
of
weather
or
other
casualties
robbeth
the
poor
man
of
the
summe
and
service
,
which
he
hoped
his
Colt
(
at
time
of
growth
)
would
have
yeelded
to
his
purse
and
affairs
.
And
then
(
having
skored
on
his
own
back
the
reckoning
of
a
peradventure-expense
)
his
little
back
is
sunk
,
and
His
poor
estate
shipwrackt
.
But
the
disadvantage
that
this
ill
husbandry
is
to
the
great
State
of
our
Nation
,
is
a
danger
so
fearful
,
that
it
craveth
the
best
resolution
for
remedy
;
for
whereas
our
breed
of
horse
should
be
(
for
the
service
and
safety
of
our
State
)
large
,
strong
,
and
able
,
these
Commoners
raising
their
Colts
in
this
manner
(
by
cold
and
famine
)
bring
them
to
so
unworthy
and
unserviceable
a
proportion
,
as
they
utterly
disappoint
the
State
of
all
expectation
this
way
;
and
beside
,
do
so
couzen
their
private
master
of
his
right
,
that
whereas
three
well-bred
horses
might
perform
his
service
and
husbandry
,
he
must
keepe
five
or
six
of
these
in
continuall
diet
for
those
uses
,
which
is
a
Bosome-wolfe
so
gnawing
his
low
estate
,
that
his
means
are
transacted
from
his
own
and
his
families
maintenance
to
the
feeding
of
a
feeble
,
hungry
,
unprofitable
Teem
.
II.
The
like
observation
is
of
their
Neat
,
for
the
Borderers
(
in
the
scrambling
at
Thrift
,
to
catch
the
most
among
their
neighbours
,
they
may
turn
out
their
young
Cattell
to
be
nurtured
in
these
Wastes
,
where
if
they
also
meet
not
death
many
wayes
there
walking
)
they
likewise
grow
to
such
brockish
and
starved
stature
,
that
instead
of
yeelding
the
Owner
his
desired
profit
,
they
grieve
his
heart
to
behold
them
,
and
albeit
(
with
the
nature
of
lean
creatures
)
they
devoure
as
much
food
as
the
greater
Cattell
,
yet
when
they
are
brought
to
the
Shambles
to
lay
down
their
principall
duties
,
they
deceive
the
Common-wealth
also
,
in
yielding
scarce
half
the
measure
that
well
bred
Cattell
do
:
The
Kine
then
(
which
should
be
the
best
Nurses
of
their
Owners
family
)
taking
part
(
if
not
a
great
,
or
the
greatest
part
)
of
their
repast
on
these
Lands
,
instead
of
feeding
their
Masters
charge
,
starve
both
it
and
themselves
;
insomuch
that
should
Pharoah
arise
to
behold
these
Herds
,
he
would
protest
them
to
be
the
only
breed
and
issue
of
his
lean
Kine
,
that
left
not
a
faire
one
un-devoured
.
III.
Their
Sheep
only
finde
a
little
better
entertainment
then
the
greater
Cattell
,
by
reason
they
naturally
stand
best
in
a
thin
sweet
diet
,
yet
through
extremities
are
also
usually
pincht
,
and
restrained
from
yielding
the
profit
they
would
were
their
allowance
better
;
and
so
much
are
their
Flocks
hindered
by
abuse
of
these
Lands
,
that
where
Wastes
are
,
we
have
not
the
third
part
of
them
we
might
,
were
the
evils
removed
that
so
much
shorten
their
feeding
;
and
therefore
in
behalfe
of
this
our
Golden
Cattell
,
that
so
courteously
give
us
food
and
raiment
,
and
with
their
own
wealth
,
purchase
unto
us
from
others
their
more
dainty
commodities
to
content
us
:
it
were
rather
to
be
wished
,
that
our
best
and
utmost
care
should
be
used
in
multiplying
their
flocks
,
then
they
should
want
the
least
part
of
that
relief
which
their
true
worth
deserveth
;
in
respect
whereof
I
aime
not
this
discourse
at
the
rich
Plains
,
only
fit
and
already
proper
for
this
use
,
otherwise
then
the
discreet
occupier
may
finde
way
to
his
further
profit
,
(
in
this
kinde
.
)
IV.
Touching
the
Fuell
aforesaid
,
which
we
sometimes
or
somewhere
get
from
these
Lands
,
it
is
no
great
commodity
in
the
worth
of
it
;
but
so
dearly
purchased
,
that
we
may
grieve
to
see
so
many
goodly
fields
(
assigned
by
God
to
feed
us
)
burnt
up
and
blasted
into
the
ashes
of
abuse
;
for
it
is
true
that
the
greatest
part
of
many
of
these
Wastes
is
over-grown
with
some
,
or
most
,
or
all
of
the
forementioned
curses
,
as
Furze
,
Heath
,
&c.
(
lying
,
as
we
may
say
,
under
the
Curse
)
insomuch
as
the
least
part
only
serveth
to
feed
the
Cattell
committed
unto
them
;
for
where
such
a
Waste
is
of
the
quantity
of
a
thousand
Acres
,
commonly
eight
hundred
(
though
one
be
too
much
)
are
overspread
with
such
matter
,
from
which
the
fuell
that
is
gotten
may
be
worth
(
communibus
annis
)
six
pence
an
Acre
,
but
seldome
more
,
and
most
where
nothing
at
all
;
and
what
benefit
these
are
in
respect
of
what
may
be
according
to
the
ensuing
probabilities
,
let
the
Reader
judge
.
V.
Touching
Stealing
,
Straying
,
Surcharging
,
and
other
abuses
here
frequent
,
because
they
are
more
common
in
the
Marish
Wastes
,
I
shall
desire
you
to
apply
them
here
,
as
in
the
Discourse
of
those
other
lands
they
shall
be
offered
.
VI
.
Some
of
these
Wastes
are
also
in
some
part
Moorish
and
Boggy
;
so
as
by
all
these
inconveniencies
,
even
whole
Countreys
(
in
many
parts
of
this
Nation
)
are
swallowed
up
in
desolation
,
which
though
former
ages
have
not
been
prest
to
look
into
by
reason
the
ancient
enclosures
sufficed
for
their
meaner
charge
,
yet
the
great
increase
of
people
in
our
dayes
,
(
as
we
have
said
)
cannot
but
compell
us
(
in
duty
to
God
and
our selves
)
to
make
the
best
use
of
our
abilities
for
our
relief
and
preservation
.
In
consideration
whereof
(
seeing
these
lands
may
be
the
best
and
onely
means
to
yield
us
supplie
)
we
must
enquire
what
better
course
may
be
taken
with
them
for
this
purpose
.
Which
to
be
done
by
common
husbandry
we
may
not
expect
;
partly
,
for
that
the
nature
of
the
vulgar
(
not
so
prompt
to
publick
,
as
their
private
benefit
)
will
never
cohere
in
such
an
order
;
partly
,
for
that
the
land
cannot
by
any
such
meanes
be
wrought
to
that
perfection
which
private
endevours
will
effect
.
The
principall
and
onely
means
then
to
ripen
the
fruit
of
new
hopes
is
Enclosure
,
and
distribution
of
the
Lands
to
private
owners
,
which
being
appropriated
to
their
particular
uses
,
will
then
be
cleansed
and
purged
of
the
former
deformities
,
and
so
fully
improved
by
their
carefull
industry
,
that
it
will
undoubtedly
yield
them
such
advancement
thereby
,
and
consequently
reliefe
to
the
Republike
,
as
hereafter
ensueth
.
I.
First
,
(
according
to
the
generall
vertue
of
Enclosures
)
it
will
be
an
exceeding
increase
of
grasse
and
feeding
for
Cattel
,
and
that
so
good
,
as
our
breeds
both
of
Horse
,
Neat
,
and
Sheep
,
will
be
large
,
fair
,
serviceable
,
and
more
abundant
.
II.
Secondly
,
An
increase
of
Corn
so
great
,
as
our
Barns
and
Garners
will
rejoyce
and
be
glad
at
the
yeerely
store
of
provision
,
they
shall
receive
beyond
the
measure
of
former
times
,
to
the
incomparable
advancement
of
the
wealth
and
power
of
this
Nation
,
as
may
be
evidenced
(
for
satisfaction
of
those
that
shall
desire
a
more
particular
account
of
these
hopes
)
by
the
ensuing
probabilities
.
III.
Thirdly
,
The
Hedge
rowe
of
enclosures
will
beget
(
instead
of
the
now
supposed
benefit
of
Fuell
)
such
a
certain
increase
of
good
and
substantiall
firing
,
as
both
in
quantity
and
quality
our
uses
will
be
far
better
served
then
now
,
and
besides
(
by
the
Owners
diligence
,
or
a
publique
Command
)
such
an
increase
of
Timber
(
for
building
and
other
occasions
)
will
out
of
the
same
in
the
future
be
raised
,
as
the
great
decay
and
spoile
thereof
made
in
the
latter
times
,
may
hereafter
be
well
re-supplied
and
recovered
.
Now
(
to
proceed
in
the
promised
probabilities
)
if
we
compare
the
barrennesse
of
Common
,
with
the
benefit
of
Enclosure
.
or
the
worth
of
this
,
with
the
unworthinesse
of
the
other
,
or
will
be
judg'd
by
the
many
experiments
which
late
yeers
have
made
,
we
may
well
conclude
,
that
the
fourth
part
of
these
Wastes
enclosed
,
travelled
,
and
husbanded
(
if
not
much
lesse
)
will
fully
countervail
all
benefit
now
received
of
them
.
Let
us
admit
then
,
that
in
England
and
Wales
are
Two
Millions
of
Acres
of
such
Lands
,
whereof
the
fourth
part
answecing
the
present
profit
,
there
remaineth
fifteen
hundred
thousand
Acres
gained
,
which
to
be
employed
to
Tillage
,
will
yeeld
yeerly
fifteen
hundred
thousand
quarters
of
corn
,
worth
fifteen
hundred
thousand
pounds
,
all
cleerly
improved
to
the
Common-wealth
.
As
by
the
earths
increase
then
,
man
is
relieved
,
let
us
also
conjecture
what
number
of
people
may
be
maintained
and
preserved
by
improvement
of
these
Lands
.
The
judgement
of
our
Parliament
hath
conceived
that
four
Acres
of
Land
is
competent
for
the
reliefe
of
a
Cottagers
charge
,
as
may
appear
by
the
Act
that
tolerateth
the
poor
man
to
erect
him
a
Cottage
,
in
case
he
procure
four
Acres
of
Land
to
be
laid
unto
it
for
that
purpose
.
Now
the
least
charge
he
can
have
,
is
himselfe
and
his
wife
(
for
seldome
any
man
lives
alone
)
so
as
albeit
most
Cottagers
have
a
charge
of
children
,
that
pay
double
or
treble
this
proportion
:
Two
persons
to
be
maintained
by
four
Acres
is
the
least
we
can
assigne
,
by
which
computation
only
the
fifteen
hundred
thousand
Acres
gained
as
aforesaid
,
will
maintain
seven
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
persons
more
then
now
they
do
.
For
the
better
credit
of
these
conjectures
,
we
may
consider
that
though
some
Countreys
have
not
their
suitable
proportion
to
make
up
this
computation
of
Acres
,
yet
will
others
so
far
exceed
,
that
the
account
in
the
generall
cannot
fail
:
nay
,
we
shall
assuredly
finde
it
will
far
exceed
;
for
many
Counties
of
this
Kingdom
,
witnesse
their
many
vast
and
spacious
Deserts
,
are
able
to
shew
you
particularly
two
hundred
thousand
Acres
of
these
Wastes
,
if
not
much
more
.
As
for
the
conjectures
of
the
fruit
of
Tillage
and
value
of
Granes
,
though
some
Acres
or
some
sorts
may
fall
short
,
others
surmounting
will
make
the
supposition
hold
.
And
for
the
pre-supposed
multitude
of
people
that
be
thus
maintained
,
the
account
also
hath
sufficiēt
credit
in
grounding
on
the
judgement
of
the
great
and
highest
Court
of
this
Common-wealth
.
Some
will
here
say
,
Is
it
possible
or
convenient
that
all
these
Lands
should
be
tilled
:
But
I
answer
,
that
whether
in
Tillage
or
pasture
(
being
improved
,
and
mans
love
afforded
them
in
their
continuall
manurance
)
they
will
be
alike
in
each
beneficiall
for
private
and
common
wealth
.
Another
Question
may
be
,
by
what
means
these
Lands
may
be
improved
,
as
seeming
naturally
barren
,
and
not
apt
to
fructifie
?
to
which
I
reply
also
,
that
who
well
considereth
them
in
their
particular
natures
,
shall
in
the
most
part
finde
that
God
in
his
provident
Creation
,
hath
appointed
helps
to
mans
industry
for
their
improvement
;
for
out
of
their
own
bowels
(
or
not
far
distant
)
most
commonly
is
to
be
had
Marle
,
Chalk
,
Sand
,
Lime
,
Soile
,
Water-courses
and
such
like
to
be
ministred
:
or
should
these
happen
to
faile
somewhere
,
yet
by
removing
the
le
ts
only
shall
we
finde
a
sufficient
alteration
to
content
us
.
The
experiments
whereof
have
been
such
in
all
places
as
have
produced
very
happy
effects
,
and
the
land
from
little
or
no
worth
,
recovered
to
a
perfect
goodnesse
,
and
made
comparable
to
the
best
worth
of
ancient
enclosures
,
as
example
would
make
a
large
discourse
,
if
it
were
needfull
.
But
to
assure
you
of
satisfaction
in
this
point
,
I
will
refer
you
to
be
judged
by
your
own
eye
as
you
travell
.
You
shall
often
see
the
Wastes
confining
with
enclosures
in
one
and
the
same
Levell
,
and
the
soile
of
one
and
the
other
(
in
the
quality
and
seat
of
nature
)
not
distinguishable
,
but
by
reason
of
private
husbandry
,
such
is
the
disparity
,
that
the
one
sheweth
the
heaps
of
plenty
,
in
a
comely
aspect
,
the
other
gulfes
of
want
and
penury
in
a
deformed
visage
:
yea
,
you
shall
alwayes
observe
Enclosures
,
though
on
most
barren
and
fruitlesse
situations
(
by
the
good
husbands
diligence
)
so
blessed
,
as
they
exceed
(
in
fructifying
)
the
best
natures
of
the
un-respected
Wastes
.
Let
your
patience
permit
me
to
make
one
step
(
not
out
of
the
way
)
into
the
County
of
Devon
,
where
by
a
little
discourse
,
I
may
fill
up
all
vacancy
of
your
affection
touching
this
particular
.
The
soyle
of
that
Countrey
is
(
in
a
great
part
)
naturally
barren
,
and
in
it selfe
of
a
fruitlesse
and
dead
condition
,
whereby
the
people
being
urged
to
labours
,
omit
neither
charge
nor
toile
to
redress
this
imperfection
.
But
their
painfull
hand
helping
the
earths
weaknesse
by
applying
of
the
forementioned
helps
(
albeit
with
unspeakable
charge
)
it
cometh
to
passe
that
out
of
a
barren
and
dry
land
,
they
suck
even
the
milk
of
Canaan
,
with
the
fruition
of
such
wealth
,
content
and
plenty
,
as
I
presume
no
people
have
more
.
Neither
may
they
be
confined
in
this
honour
,
but
I
dare
further
avouch
on
their
behalfe
that
of
such
strength
,
spirit
,
and
hardinesse
,
are
these
people
(
God
,
no
doubt
,
thus
blessing
them
in
their
constant
labours
)
that
in
any
Martiall
action
for
their
Countreys
service
,
they
can
endure
and
perform
asmuch
or
more
then
any
people
whatsoever
,
and
so
happy
are
they
in
those
labours
,
that
thereby
their
poorest
people
(
which
else
could
not
be
relieved
)
live
well
,
and
breed
up
their
children
in
an
honest
,
thriving
,
and
commendable
sort
;
from
whence
I
infer
,
that
as
the
Upland-Wastes
have
in
nature
a
neer
sympathy
with
these
Enclosures
,
and
in
quality
of
creation
not
differing
;
so
may
they
be
travelled
with
like
respect
,
they
will
produce
as
good
effects
.
And
as
this
Countrey
is
interlaced
with
exceeding
great
quantities
of
this
sort
of
Wastes
(
I
suppose
to
the
number
of
divers
hundred
thousand
Acres
)
so
might
there
be
a
course
of
distribution
for
their
better
manurance
,
doubtlesse
,
this
people
would
so
expresse
their
own
worthinesse
,
as
they
would
breed
an
infinite
reliefe
to
poore
people
distressed
,
and
lead
the
way
so
directly
to
these
improvements
,
as
the
wilfullest
strayer
would
soon
desire
to
walke
after
them
.
Having
drawn
from
hence
a
reason
for
this
Enclosure
,
God
assisting
,
a
resolution
may
ensue
,
for
the
needfull
accomplishment
,
the
hope
whereof
guiding
my
feet
,
now
leadeth
me
down
these
large
deserts
into
the
lower
valleys
of
the
Marish
Wastes
:
through
which
(
by
heavens
aid
)
I
may
so
also
travell
,
as
my
steps
may
shew
the
way
to
recover
their
goary
sicknesse
,
to
that
health
and
perfection
which
the
giver
of
all
goodnesse
for
his
part
hath
naturally
bestowed
on
them
.
The
Marish
Commons
(
which
are
indeed
but
the
indigested
moles
of
richest
meadows
)
are
so
infested
with
inconveniencies
(
as
hitherto
they
have
been
abused
)
that
instead
of
expected
benefit
,
we
fare
by
them
,
as
did
the
Philistines
by
the
Arke
,
who
looking
into
it
were
smitten
with
plagues
and
confusion
;
and
we
using
these
in
hope
of
profit
(
because
we
use
them
not
aright
)
are
galled
with
so
many
mischiefs
by
them
,
that
I
have
heard
wise
men
wish
them
swallowed
of
the
Sea
,
rather
then
used
to
such
detriment
.
I.
First
,
They
are
generally
subject
to
inundation
,
which
by
a
twofold
inconvenience
proveth
so
hurtfull
,
that
they
are
utterly
deprived
of
their
naturall
strength
.
The
first
is
overflowing
,
which
by
means
of
the
spaciousnesse
and
large
levell
of
these
Lands
,
continueth
so
long
on
their
superficies
,
that
after
a
downfall
comming
upon
them
,
they
cannot
be
quit
of
the
oppressing
waters
(
often-times
)
before
another
flood
.
The
second
is
intermixture
of
waters
;
the
effect
whereof
is
,
that
the
land
being
a
loose
and
spungie
earth
,
the
waters
by
their
long
abode
thereon
,
do
so
incorporate
with
its
substance
,
and
transact
it
into
such
a
coldnesse
and
destruction
of
ability
,
that
(
as
nature
in
defect
)
it
is
delivered
of
nothing
but
Monsters
and
Abortives
,
as
Sedge
,
Lavors
,
Rushes
,
Ruffets
,
Flags
,
Hassakes
,
and
Grasse
so
weak
&
sower
,
as
is
neither
wholesome
nor
competent
sustinance
to
the
Cattell
feeding
on
it
.
II.
A
second
hinderance
proceedeth
of
the
former
,
and
that
is
the
treading
of
Cattell
on
them
at
unseasonable
times
;
for
albeit
the
land
(
by
reason
of
inundation
)
be
often-times
of
so
squeazy
and
insolid
substance
,
that
the
least
or
lightest
beast
cannot
step
on
it
without
a
great
impression
;
yet
such
is
the
folly
of
the
Commoners
,
that
for
the
surmised
benefit
of
a
little
(
ill
gotten
)
food
for
their
Cattell
,
they
presse
them
to
keep
garison
in
these
Wastes
,
at
such
rotten
times
of
rain
and
waters
,
that
each
footstep
stabbeth
into
the
heart
of
the
land
;
insomuch
,
that
by
this
evill
custome
,
these
Lands
have
rather
the
likenesse
of
a
noysome
high-way
(
such
as
most
that
Countrey
hath
)
than
of
a
fair
and
smooth-fac'd
visage
,
as
their
naturall
beauties
require
;
whereby
(
as
it
were
in
despight
)
we
trample
the
gifts
of
God
under
the
feet
of
beasts
,
nay
,
more
truly
may
we
say
,
under
the
feet
of
men
of
a
beastly
condition
:
for
were
there
in
men
(
authors
of
this
violence
)
but
the
least
acknowledgement
or
respect
of
Gods
loving
providence
,
they
would
fear
and
abhor
thus
(
by
the
feet
of
their
beasts
)
to
abuse
his
goodnesse
;
and
the
rather
,
for
that
the
best
and
most
fertile
lands
take
most
hurt
by
this
injury
.
III.
Such
Labyrinths
of
straying
are
these
Lands
,
that
in
some
of
larger
sort
of
them
,
Cattel
(
thither
sent
for
reliefe
)
are
as
hawks
cast
off
to
prey
for
themselves
;
which
once
out
of
the
owners
sight
,
are
in
hazard
whether
ever
to
be
seen
or
no
;
and
sometimes
such
is
the
owners
fortune
,
that
he
hath
been
as
glad
at
the
finding
of
halfe
his
strayed
Cattell
,
as
the
woman
of
her
lost
groat
:
and
should
the
losses
in
this
kinde
only
be
accounted
(
both
in
worth
of
Cattel
lost
,
and
charge
of
seeking
them
)
and
compared
with
the
received
benefits
,
I
know
the
profit
gotten
by
feeding
would
(
in
this
only
inconvenience
)
to
many
men
,
come
short
of
the
value
of
their
hinderance
.
IV.
Such
Nurseries
of
Thieves
and
Horse-stealers
,
that
a
good
beast
cannot
but
be
in
continuall
danger
of
a
new
Master
.
For
a
man
here
missing
his
horse
or
other
Cattell
,
rather
thinketh
they
are
strayed
then
stolne
,
and
while
he
spends
his
time
in
seeking
and
searching
the
plaines
and
angles
of
these
moores
,
the
wards
and
pounds
of
the
Countrey
about
(
with
many
a
sighing
Oyez
for
his
absent
Beast
)
Sir
Thief
hath
made
his
market
with
the
supposed
strayer
,
spent
the
money
,
and
is
casting
a
new
bout
for
another
booty
:
and
such
are
the
continuall
plagues
of
stealing
and
straying
out
of
these
Lands
;
that
whoso
listeneth
to
the
complaints
of
people
frequent
in
this
kinde
,
would
wonder
that
any
of
discretion
would
adventure
their
goods
on
such
hazards
,
and
many
indeed
have
been
so
bitten
and
beaten
by
them
(
and
the
other
harms
)
and
some
(
best
husbands
)
so
well
foresee
them
,
that
they
have
utterly
refused
all
use
of
such
entercommoning
,
and
to
feed
their
Cattell
,
have
rather
chosen
continually
to
farme
Enclosures
at
dear
rates
.
I
will
by
the
way
tell
you
of
an
accident
credibly
related
.
A
late
great
person
in
the
County
of
Dorset
(
no
doubt
upon
information
of
the
profitable
feeding
in
these
Wastes
)
was
pleased
to
commend
to
Kings-Sedgemoore
(
a
very
large
Waste
of
this
nature
in
the
County
of
Somerset
)
fourscore
horse
in
one
Summer
:
And
the
time
being
come
when
he
desired
their
return
,
and
to
see
his
Stables
furnished
with
their
well-fed
quarters
,
his
Bayliffes
(
sent
for
their
attachment
)
returned
a
non
est
inventus
upon
every
his
four
score
Geldings
:
The
price
of
this
horse-meat
not
well
brookt
,
a
renewed
processe
with
loud
Proclamations
was
sent
abroad
for
apprehending
these
Banckerupts
,
by
which
means
,
and
the
expence
of
30
or
40
livre.
in
searching
far
and
neer
Territories
;
about
40
of
them
were
at
last
brought
home
;
but
the
other
40
being
(
by
all
likelyhood
)
preferred
to
new
services
,
for
ever
after
renounced
their
old
:
To
get
direct
intelligence
of
them
,
you
must
enquire
of
a
kinde
of
Merchants
,
which
trade
in
the
privic
conveyance
of
such
wares
:
One
of
which
heretofore
condemned
at
an
Assizes
at
Sarum
,
for
such
a
malefact
,
confessed
before
his
execution
,
that
himselfe
had
(
for
his
part
)
stolne
fourscore
horses
out
of
this
only
Common
.
Yet
well-fare
a
grave
Burgomaster
of
a
Corporation
,
who
affecting
this
kinde
of
Trade
,
and
(
after
many
yeers
practice
)
brought
to
execution
for
it
,
would
not
be
so
immodest
to
confesse
(
or
haply
the
old
mans
memory
fail'd
him
)
how
many
of
this
sort
had
past
through
his
purse
.
The
hurt
then
that
may
be
done
to
many
people
by
a
multitude
of
this
vermine
haunting
these
places
(
which
indeed
are
begotten
to
this
vilainie
by
facility
and
security
of
the
execution
)
cannot
be
esteemed
of
small
value
:
and
as
great
Commons
suffer
no
mean
proportion
of
losse
in
this
sort
;
so
may
we
not
doubt
,
but
the
lesser
sort
bear
their
part
in
this
discord
,
and
other
like
disprosits
consonant
to
their
quantities
.
V.
Such
Pest-houses
of
Diseases
for
Cattel
,
that
should
the
owner
be
in
like
danger
of
the
Plague
,
as
his
beast
of
some
deadly
infection
,
while
he
is
here
in
ordinary
,
he
would
rather
send
them
(
with
the
Gadarens
Swine
)
to
feed
(
or
perish
)
in
the
Ocean
,
then
ever
to
set
foot
on
these
places
.
for
as
hither
come
the
Poor
,
the
Blinde
,
Lame
,
Tired
,
Scabbed
,
Mangie
,
Rotten
,
Murrainous
,
and
all
kinds
uf
diseased
scurvie
Cattell
,
to
whom
the
owners
will
not
afford
a
bit
of
their
worst
Enclosures
for
entertainment
:
so
(
for
Morbida
sola
pecus
inficit
omnepecus
)
one
of
these
may
infect
a
multitude
,
as
the
miserable
losses
of
many
poor
people
impoverished
by
such
casualty
,
may
(
too
truly
)
approve
.
Moreove
,
the
extremities
of
heat
and
drought
,
want
of
water
,
and
over-much
wet
and
foggie
weather
in
summer-times
,
are
Seasons
so
contageous
and
breeding
infections
amongst
the
multitudes
of
these
cattell
,
that
(
though
some
men
by
chance
scape
better
)
many
finde
it
too
true
,
and
have
often
affirm'd
it
,
that
one
yeere
of
seven
(
by
death
and
infection
)
quitteth
the
profit
that
the
other
six
have
yeelded
.
And
for
the
multitudes
of
Sheep
(
especially
)
yeerly
murthered
in
these
places
,
or
taken
in
their
last
gasp
,
our
Winter-Markets
(
full
furnisht
with
twelve-penny
rotten
Carcases
)
can
give
you
in
evidence
.
VI
.
So
surcharged
with
the
unlawfull
assemblies
of
ill
husbands
Cattell
,
that
the
hope
of
benefit
(
begotten
by
a
little
Fair
at
some
seasons
)
betrayeth
no
small
numbers
to
meer
famine
:
and
most
true
it
is
,
that
though
scarcity
of
food
bringeth
not
immediate
death
,
yet
such
an
inbred
hunger
occupieth
their
pined
maws
,
that
(
with
the
Uplandish
Wastes
)
they
foster
only
Brockes
and
Cattell
of
little
worth
:
and
some
by
experience
have
found
,
that
their
horses
(
in
want
of
food
)
have
with
the
very
root
of
the
grasse
so
swallowed
the
earth
,
that
in
short
space
the
owners
have
been
(
as
of
bad
debtors
)
satisfied
with
their
skins
,
and
their
Carcases
ript
for
the
reason
of
their
sudden
deaths
,
the
same
earth
(
clotted
in
their
maws
)
was
found
to
be
the
only
cause
thereof
.
VII
.
In
the
rank
of
these
miseries
may
be
mustered
the
noysome
troops
of
Geese
and
Swine
pestering
these
Lands
,
which
albeit
our
Laws
have
banished
hence
for
nasty
and
filthy
creatures
,
and
some
sequestred
puddles
might
more
properly
entertain
;
yet
such
is
the
Commoners
discretion
,
that
they
appoint
them
continually
to
defile
and
dabble
these
fruitfull
plains
in
such
sort
as
would
pitty
a
Commonwealths-friend
to
behold
,
and
so
noysome
are
they
both
to
Land
and
Cattell
,
that
I
have
seen
good
husbands
displeased
and
vexed
at
nothing
more
then
at
the
view
of
this
slovenly
stuffe
(
albeit
their
own
)
in
their
feeding
grounds
.
To
amend
these
evils
have
we
no
other
means
,
but
the
same
which
is
formerly
prescribed
for
the
other
Wastes
,
whereby
not
only
the
forementioned
damages
may
be
saved
,
but
the
ensuing
commodities
,
and
the
blessing
attendant
purchased
.
In
which
course
we
shall
finde
,
that
the
very
ditches
of
Enclosure
(
without
other
charge
or
labour
)
will
so
Drain
and
evacuate
the
malignant
waters
spoiling
the
land
,
that
it
will
soon
become
dry
,
warme
,
solid
,
and
of
a
perfect
condition
;
and
not
only
disburthened
of
the
oppressing
waters
begetting
the
foresaid
monstrous
issues
;
but
so
consolated
with
the
Suns
welcome
influence
,
that
we
may
say
,
The
Vallies
will
laugh
and
sing
at
the
new
purchase
of
the
Almighties
favours
,
and
man
will
be
glad
and
joyfull
at
the
abundant
fruit
proceeding
from
them
.
I.
I
cannot
here
omit
(
for
instance
)
the
noble
example
of
Allermoor
in
that
County
,
in
quantity
I
suppose
about
2000
Acres
;
of
which
credible
report
telleth
us
,
that
within
100
years
past
it
lay
in
Common
as
a
meer
Stagnum
,
bog
or
puddle
,
worth
to
the
Owners
as
much
as
nothing
,
but
it
being
enclosed
,
and
appropriated
to
severall
and
private
uses
,
it
shortly
became
the
richest
,
most
goodly
,
and
famous
feeding
of
that
Countrey
;
and
now
in
one
yeere
yieldeth
more
good
to
the
Owners
and
Commonwealth
,
then
to
have
lain
in
his
old
Lethargie
,
it
could
have
done
to
the
worlds
end
.
And
in
like
manner
so
certainly
good
have
all
such
experiments
(
in
all
sorts
of
Wastes
)
proved
,
that
never
any
failed
of
their
expected
ends
:
and
whether
the
Tenants
and
occupiers
of
any
new
Enclosure
will
consent
to
reduce
it
again
into
Common
and
the
condition
of
Wastes
,
themselves
will
soon
resolve
you
;
whence
we
may
conclude
,
that
like
triall
once
made
of
the
Wastes
in
question
,
they
will
soon
shew
us
as
fair
and
decent
countenance
,
breed
our
Cattel
generally
to
a
large
and
goodly
proportion
,
in
much
greater
abundance
,
and
feed
and
fat
them
in
such
plenteous
measure
,
as
our
fare
will
be
the
better
,
great
numbers
of
people
more
relieved
,
and
our
purses
return
from
the
market
with
the
lesse
damage
.
II.
A
second
good
to
ensue
by
this
enclosure
;
will
be
also
in
the
great
increase
of
Fuell
(
now
a
miserable
want
in
many
Marish
Countreys
)
for
by
setting
Willows
in
the
banks
of
these
Enclosures
,
(
a
plant
naturally
agreeing
with
that
soile
)
the
noysome
burning
of
the
Dung
of
Cattel
,
now
scratcht
from
these
Wastes
for
this
purpose
(
which
would
more
properly
be
left
to
improve
and
strengthen
the
Land
)
will
be
better
supplied
by
the
use
of
a
sufficient
sweet
and
kindely
Fuell
thus
provided
.
And
whereas
both
grasse
and
Cattell
are
now
punished
with
the
extremity
of
cold
and
pinching
windes
,
having
no
defence
against
them
,
such
a
warmth
would
these
Willows
effect
,
that
all
would
freely
spring
and
prove
together
to
the
generall
profit
.
III.
Hence
will
also
be
occasioned
a
great
encrease
of
Tillage
:
For
men
finding
in
these
improvements
an
abundant
provision
of
the
best
feeding
for
their
Cattel
,
will
dispose
more
of
their
Upland-grounds
to
tillage
,
which
they
must
now
of
necessity
depast
:
And
whereas
many
arables
(
through
want
of
soyle
and
maintenance
)
do
now
fail
in
their
naturall
strength
,
and
bring
forth
a
small
encrease
,
the
abundance
of
Hay
yeerly
drawn
out
of
these
enclosures
,
will
so
inlarge
the
poor
mans
Muck-hill
(
his
Philosophers
stone
)
that
all
his
labours
(
in
casting
out
this
,
and
loading
in
his
harvest
)
would
be
turned
to
gold
;
and
the
fruits
of
Tillage
hereby
encreased
in
no
small
measure
.
And
indeed
so
mutually
will
both
these
kinde
of
lands
accord
in
helping
each
other
in
matters
of
this
nature
,
as
they
will
even
emulate
and
strive
to
outdo
each
other
in
storing
the
Commonwealth
with
their
abundant
fruits
.
We
may
also
conjecture
,
what
number
of
people
may
be
sustained
by
a
generall
improvement
of
these
lands
through
the
Nation
;
wherein
I
think
we
shall
not
much
erre
to
suppose
all
Marish
wastes
to
be
of
this
nature
.
It
is
most
certain
,
that
in
this
present
state
of
confusion
(
though
some
perhaps
may
gain
somewhat
)
the
great
losses
thereby
sustained
in
the
generall
,
depriveth
the
Republike
of
all
received
benefits
;
by
which
we
may
account
,
that
these
lands
improved
may
be
wholly
gained
.
Now
the
vertue
of
such
lands
enclosed
with
us
is
such
,
that
four
Acres
will
sufficiently
feed
and
keepe
two
Kine
in
Winter
and
Summer
,
whose
profit
in
all
respects
will
be
at
least
10
li.
per
annum
;
and
for
three
poor
people
a
competent
maintenance
.
Let
us
admit
then
,
that
England
and
Wales
hath
a
Million
of
these
Acres
,
(
but
we
shall
finde
much
more
)
it
followeth
that
their
yeerly
benefit
to
the
Republike
,
will
be
two
millions
and
a
halfe
in
value
,
and
seven
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
persons
may
be
fed
by
the
same
;
and
this
number
added
to
the
former
computation
of
the
like
number
to
be
relieved
by
the
Upland-Wastes
,
we
finde
that
the
general
improvement
of
the
Wastes
of
this
Nation
will
suffice
to
maintain
fifteen
hundred
thousand
people
more
then
now
they
do
,
and
encrease
the
worth
of
this
Nation
yeerly
four
Millions
;
And
is
not
here
Bread
for
the
Poor
,
and
advancement
of
the
English
Nation
?
Will
you
now
aske
me
why
Commons
should
be
enclosed
?
Or
shall
I
aske
you
why
they
are
not
?
But
you
will
say
,
We
have
not
people
enough
to
make
use
of
this
great
encrease
;
surely
if
God
continue
his
blessing
of
generation
upon
us
,
we
may
have
in
short
time
,
and
in
the
mean
time
,
can
we
not
spare
our
overplus
to
others
abroad
that
want
it
,
get
their
money
and
commodities
for
it
,
and
save
our
own
,
that
we
now
export
to
buy
theirs
▪
And
touching
imployment
for
the
poor
(
wherewith
this
Land
so
infinitely
aboundeth
)
such
means
thereof
would
be
for
them
in
the
manurance
of
each
sort
of
these
Wastes
enclosed
,
(
as
by
Diking
,
Hedging
,
Fencing
,
Setting
,
Sowing
,
Reaping
,
Gleaning
,
Mowing
,
Making
hay
,
and
what
not
?
which
is
all
Bread
for
the
Poor
)
that
from
the
noysome
and
deboist
courses
of
Begging
,
Filching
,
Robbing
,
Roguing
,
Murthering
,
and
whatsoever
other
Villainies
their
unexercised
brains
and
hands
undertake
,
they
would
(
even
gladly
)
be
reclaimed
and
refined
to
loyall
and
laudable
courses
,
as
well
for
their
own
contenting
reliefe
,
as
the
unspeakable
comfort
and
honour
of
the
whole
State
,
who
now
(
as
a
wretched
and
needy
mother
)
is
enforced
to
make
continuall
Massacres
of
them
,
for
those
misdoings
which
even
their
want
of
bread
urgeth
them
to
commit
.
And
should
we
search
the
bottome
of
our
fault
or
fortune
in
this
oversight
,
we
may
fear
that
a
greater
contempt
would
be
laid
to
our
charge
,
then
our
best
Oratory
would
be
able
to
excuse
.
For
albeit
,
God
hath
commanded
man
to
encrease
and
multiply
,
and
to
fill
the
earth
,
ordaining
Matrimony
free
and
lawfull
to
all
:
we
(
supposing
he
hath
not
given
enough
to
feed
us
)
though
not
by
our
command
verbally
(
yet
by
our
act
really
)
stop
that
issue
of
his
blessing
by
preventing
the
poor
of
needfull
habitations
(
whereby
indeed
their
encrease
is
much
hindred
)
and
by
this
neglect
of
so
great
a
portion
of
the
earth
which
he
hath
given
us
to
be
also
filled
,
what
do
we
otherwise
then
repugne
his
Commandement
,
while
we
suffer
it
to
be
unhabitable
and
desolate
?
And
whereas
God
hath
of
late
times
brought
us
into
other
lands
,
whereby
his
Gospel
and
glory
may
be
the
further
spread
,
and
our
own
arme
the
more
strengthened
;
how
much
more
able
might
we
be
to
accomplish
those
happy
Plantations
by
the
increase
of
people
,
wealth
and
provisions
,
which
the
improvement
of
the
Lands
would
yield
us
?
The
credit
of
this
designe
having
stirred
continuall
disputations
for
it
,
howsoever
unadvised
opposers
cannot
but
fail
in
the
main
,
they
have
yet
founded
themselves
on
some
imaginary
reasons
to
disswade
the
work
,
amongst
which
,
two
only
(
as
I
have
observed
)
most
valid
,
(
beleeving
that
some
particular
satisfaction
may
be
required
)
I
thought
fit
not
to
passe
by
unexamined
.
The
first
is
,
that
it
will
be
an
injury
to
mens
rights
,
who
being
now
at
liberty
to
entercommon
sanz
nombre
,
and
over
all
,
shall
hereby
be
curbed
and
limited
to
a
certain
measure
.
The
other
is
a
clamour
counterfeited
with
commiseration
,
that
by
Enclosure
the
poor
will
be
undone
,
starve
,
perish
,
&c.
Answer
1
Of
the
first
,
I
say
,
that
Sanz
nombre
being
mistaken
by
the
vulgar
,
they
would
maintain
that
where
they
have
such
interest
,
they
may
charge
their
Cattell
on
the
Common
to
a
number
infinite
,
whereas
indeed
(
though
their
right
be
of
a
number
uncertain
)
yet
doth
the
Law
allow
them
Common
for
no
more
Cartell
then
are
requisite
for
the
manurance
of
their
Tenaments
which
have
interest
.
And
from
this
errour
is
it
,
that
many
wealthy
people
(
dreaming
of
great
riches
to
be
found
in
Wastes
)
get
them
a
property
in
some
poor
Cottage
interessed
therein
,
under
colour
of
the
right
whereof
(
and
often
by
meere
intrusion
)
they
bring
into
the
Common
some
20
,
some
40
,
some
(
haply
)
100
head
of
Cattell
(
of
all
sorts
)
whereas
the
Tenement
in
whose
right
they
do
it
,
is
unable
lawfully
to
allow
three
,
which
course
being
also
(
quoad
posse
)
generally
holden
of
the
Borderers
themselves
,
commonly
three
or
four
rich
persons
in
the
Parish
(
possessing
much
Cattell
)
surcharge
the
Commons
,
and
usurp
more
ro
their
shares
then
the
whole
Township
besides
;
which
kindes
of
people
also
in
any
proposition
for
reforming
the
abuses
complained
on
,
we
shall
finde
the
only
authors
of
the
second
Cavil
,
and
the
Bellows
that
kindle
the
fire
of
contradiction
in
the
hearts
of
the
vulgar
,
causing
them
with
themselves
to
cry
out
,
The
poor
will
be
undone
,
&c.
And
all
is
proclaimed
for
the
poor
,
when
as
by
this
stalking
under
the
name
of
the
Poor
,
such
as
are
poor
indeed
,
and
have
scarce
a
beast
to
feed
with
them
,
are
by
these
Foxes
devoured
,
and
a
poor
modicum
is
it
that
the
poor
can
get
amongst
the
surcharging
multitudes
of
such
persons
Cattell
.
As
for
other
Objections
(
whereof
some
have
already
appeared
unto
you
amongst
the
fruits
of
Idlenesse
in
our
first
entrance
)
rather
let
them
be
cast
out
of
the
balance
,
then
admitted
in
comparison
with
the
sound
conclusions
of
a
publique
welfare
.
But
be
it
that
some
or
other
reason
may
hold
against
this
work
,
or
that
some
men
may
(
haply
)
(
either
in
right
or
profit
)
suffer
some
prejudice
(
for
in
a
matter
so
confuse
and
momentary
,
it
can
hardly
be
but
the
lot
may
to
some
fall
short
)
yet
so
many
arguments
(
ab
utili
)
pressing
the
Common-wealths
advantage
in
an
unsuitable
comparison
,
will
decide
the
Question
.
And
that
ancient
Maxime
of
Law
(
Better
is
a
mischiesefe
than
an
inconvenience
)
can
warrant
the
preferment
of
a
generall
good
,
before
the
respect
of
some
few
mens
prejudice
.
To
prevent
the
great
Question
that
will
now
arise
(
Quantum
mihi
?
)
I
must
acknowledge
that
so
various
are
the
quantities
of
bordering
Tenures
;
so
manifold
the
rights
,
bounds
,
priviledges
,
conditions
,
&c.
of
the
Wastes
:
So
different
the
state
and
quality
of
persons
interessed
,
as
my
Jacobs
Staffe
(
without
Survey
)
hath
neither
Art
to
admeasure
,
nor
can
have
the
hap
to
please
in
such
perplexities
,
and
must
therefore
request
the
demandants
so
to
rest
assured
on
the
judicious
and
upright
dimensions
of
such
honourable
and
worthy
persons
as
may
be
charged
therewith
,
(
whereof
each
County
would
have
a
grand
Committee
)
that
they
quit
their
thoughts
of
vain
jealonsies
,
and
expect
the
most
just
limitation
for
their
contents
:
Only
in
a
generall
respect
I
conceive
four
sorts
of
people
to
be
considered
.
I.
The
first
are
Lords
of
the
Wastes
and
bordering
Tenures
,
to
whom
(
if
new
reserved
rents
suffice
not
for
content
)
a
part
of
such
Wastes
may
be
added
in
demeane
to
poyse
their
rights
.
And
as
I
wish
them
no
lesse
then
a
due
measure
,
so
I
hope
their
estates
being
already
great
and
happy
,
they
will
be
so
honourable
in
their
desires
as
to
crave
no
more
.
II.
The
second
are
able
Tenants
,
who
having
sufficient
to
live
without
it
,
should
be
only
limited
in
a
just
moderation
,
which
neverthelesse
will
be
so
good
an
addition
to
their
estates
,
as
in
a
while
they
will
finde
their
thrift
better
encreasing
.
III.
The
third
,
Poor
Cottagers
and
others
of
the
poorer
sort
of
Tenants
.
And
these
(
having
little
or
no
other
Inccour
or
substance
to
maintain
them
)
should
in
charity
be
so
far
tendred
as
(
according
to
their
severall
charges
)
a
competent
quantity
be
assigned
to
redeem
them
from
their
ever-preendured
penury
:
and
whereas
Cottagers
estates
are
now
nothing
but
misery
(
in
value
not
3d.
)
their
portion
by
this
course
may
be
severally
worth
fourty
or
fifty
pound
or
more
to
be
sold
,
(
a
good
mans
estate
.
)
And
think
you
will
this
undo
the
poor
?
IV.
The
last
Impotant
poor
,
for
the
necessary
reliefe
of
which
sort
a
portion
would
be
allotted
in
each
Lordship
(
where
Commons
will
extend
unto
it
)
under
yeerly
disposure
of
the
Church-wardens
and
overseers
for
their
reliefe
.
And
as
this
apportienment
will
not
only
yield
a
more
comfortable
sustentation
to
them
,
then
the
former
coldnesse
of
their
overseers
charity
(
God
wot
)
could
afford
by
way
of
rates
:
so
will
the
whole
Parish
or
Lordship
finde
a
perpetuall
ease
and
quiet
in
ceasing
their
factious
Assesments
of
each
other
to
this
purpose
:
and
the
quantity
that
hence
will
be
required
to
this
use
will
be
most
where
so
mean
and
little
as
the
omitting
of
the
one
to
that
end
will
have
no
equality
in
comparison
with
the
manifold
comforts
of
the
other
.
And
where
Wastes
fall
out
so
large
,
as
each
of
these
sorts
being
competently
satisfied
a
remainder
may
be
left
(
as
many
where
very
large
ones
will
be
,
)
what
more
happy
and
convenient
use
may
be
made
of
them
,
then
(
by
direction
of
worthy
Committees
)
to
distribute
them
in
like
private
usage
,
for
the
maintenance
and
habitation
of
poor
people
elsewhere
harbourlesse
,
destitute
,
and
distressed
:
But
where
they
fall
out
so
little
as
not
fit
to
be
divided
?
let
them
be
yet
improved
,
and
commended
to
a
common
trust
for
defraying
those
impositions
that
shall
be
laid
upon
the
publique
of
the
Lordship
.
Now
that
this
prove
not
a
snare
to
the
poor
Commoners
,
to
draw
their
new
Tenures
in
time
wholly
into
their
Lords
hands
,
leave
them
inworss
case
then
we
finde
them
,
and
bring
a
burthen
upon
the
Common-wealth
that
can
never
be
born
;
but
rather
that
we
may
make
them
zealous
to
the
work
,
and
restlesse
to
improve
their
new
land
to
the
best
profit
for
the
common
and
their
own
good
:
It
may
(
I
hope
with
good
conveniencie
)
be
agreed
unto
,
that
under
a
yeerly
rent
,
and
fitting
service
to
their
Lords
,
they
may
hold
their
several
portions
in
Free-soccage
to
them
and
their
heirs
for
ever
.
But
should
the
poor
peoples
estates
be
at
any
time
determined
(
which
they
can
never
be
able
to
renew
)
we
pluck
the
stoole
from
under
their
feet
,
and
throw
them
with
that
weight
on
the
shoulders
of
the
Republique
,
as
may
endanger
the
utter
spoil
of
each
other
.
Objection
.
Yet
(
may
some
say
)
it
will
seeme
strange
or
unpleasing
to
Lords
of
Wastes
or
Tenements
to
see
their
Lands
and
inheritances
disposed
perpetually
from
their
own
possession
into
the
tenure
and
occupation
of
other
persons
.
Answer
.
But
I
answer
,
that
a
work
being
in
hand
for
the
generall
good
,
we
must
either
follow
the
current
of
generall
acceptance
,
or
sit
down
hopelesse
of
successe
:
for
should
these
distributions
either
for
the
present
,
or
any
future
time
,
be
fineable
or
determinable
,
the
vulgar
will
distaste
the
work
,
and
the
common
peoples
resolution
,
That
they
will
never
buy
their
own
,
for
so
they
now
account
it
,
and
this
is
their
only
main
argument
in
opposition
.
Wherefore
there
is
no
fear
but
the
Lords
in
this
allowance
and
reservation
may
be
so
fully
satisfied
,
as
their
augmented
benefits
will
better
please
them
,
then
can
their
Countreys
hinderance
,
the
neglect
of
their
own
profit
,
and
their
Tenants
perpetuall
penury
;
for
as
the
case
now
standeth
,
little
is
the
profit
which
any
way
ariseth
out
of
these
Wastes
to
their
purses
,
but
their
Tenants
by
right
of
Common
,
do
and
will
perpetually
hold
both
use
and
Commodity
of
them
.
Objection
.
Some
may
also
alleadge
,
that
in
respect
of
Common
,
they
let
their
Tenements
at
the
dearer
rates
,
or
in
case
they
be
thus
distributed
in
Fee
,
Tenants
may
forsake
their
Tenures
,
(
upon
determination
of
Estate
,
or
otherwise
)
and
yet
hold
and
take
off
their
Commons
from
the
same
for
ever
.
I.
Answer
.
1
To
the
first
may
be
replied
,
that
so
mean
an
advantage
accrueth
to
them
in
the
sale
of
their
Tenements
,
for
the
benefit
of
these
Commons
(
it
being
to
most
I
suppose
nothing
at
all
)
that
their
Rents
and
Demeans
thus
augmented
will
make
them
a
far
greater
commodity
.
II.
To
the
second
,
Though
it
may
be
that
a
Tenant
upon
determination
of
his
estare
may
leave
it
,
and
inhabit
elsewhere
;
yet
he
must
needs
leave
his
land
behinde
him
,
and
so
little
good
will
his
new
inheritance
do
him
to
be
a
non-resident
to
it
.
that
(
for
certain
)
he
will
be
enforced
to
let
or
sell
the
same
,
to
the
same
or
some
other
Tenant
of
that
Lordship
.
And
indeed
abuse
herein
may
be
well
enough
prevented
by
prescribing
rules
in
that
behalfe
:
But
I
rather
think
(
and
so
it
will
prove
)
that
such
will
be
the
love
of
Tenants
to
their
old
Tenures
,
for
their
new
improvements
sake
,
that
the
mutuall
amity
and
contract
of
both
in
filling
their
treasury
,
will
presse
them
to
deponere
ultimum
,
for
continuance
of
their
happy
conjunction
.
We
have
now
(
as
a
Geographer
from
some
few
hills
doth
a
Province
)
from
these
few
heads
discovered
a
new
plantation
in
our
own
Continent
,
and
that
to
so
good
purpose
,
as
for
wealth
and
people
,
even
another
Kingdome
would
seem
to
be
gained
unto
us
;
what
should
hinder
could
never
yet
in
reason
be
understood
,
unlesse
our
many
crying
sins
,
which
makes
us
uncapable
of
so
great
a
blessing
?
But
the
Creators
mercie
is
over
all
his
works
,
and
only
he
it
is
,
by
whose
fiat
the
effects
must
follow
.
To
him
if
our
hearts
be
lifted
,
and
wils
submitted
,
we
shall
not
want
that
happy
unanimity
that
will
beget
so
fair
a
body
,
nor
the
fruit
thereof
perpetually
showring
into
our
bosomes
,
1.
We
shall
glory
to
behold
our
Nation
infinitely
supplied
in
Treasure
,
and
strengthened
by
augmentation
of
Revenue
,
Free-holders
,
and
able
Subjects
.
2.
Our
improvident
Drones
(
whom
terrour
never
yet
could
enure
to
travell
)
yea
and
all
other
sweet
dews
of
grace
in
the
God-pleasing
labours
of
their
new
Vineyards
,
and
their
estates
(
thus
drawn
to
perpetuity
)
toil
in
restlesse
pains
to
try
out
the
utmost
dram
of
commodity
from
the
Mines
of
their
possessions
.
3.
Encreasing
provisions
in
such
abundance
,
as
will
satiate
our selves
,
save
the
masses
of
wealth
that
others
better
husbandry
(
to
our
shame
and
misery
)
yeerly
draws
from
us
to
supply
our
wilfull
wants
,
and
get
their
honey
for
our
wax
,
that
must
now
è
converso
take
their
wax
for
out
honey
.
4.
That
our
poorer
people
shall
not
want
their
bread
,
nor
our
State
advise
to
stop
the
fountain
of
their
flowing
issue
;
but
as
a
sound
and
compleat
body
(
whose
head
and
members
are
(
in
their
proper
places
)
fair
and
mighty
)
clad
,
fed
,
and
suitably
polished
,
may
bear
our
port
in
power
and
Majesty
,
above
the
highest
Towering
fronts
of
adverse
confederates
;
when
the
Tyger
may
hunger
,
and
the
Wolfe
houle
,
to
lick
of
our
crumbs
,
but
will
lurk
and
tremble
if
the
Lion
roare
;
yea
,
the
many
sonnes
of
our
multiplying
family
(
fed
and
fostered
with
the
bread
of
strength
,
and
the
oile
of
gladnesse
)
will
be
an
Host
so
terrible
to
the
thoughts
of
insulters
,
that
they
may
admire
and
envie
our
happinesse
,
but
will
ever
fear
to
provoke
us
:
and
as
an
happy
mother
overjoyed
in
the
glory
of
her
issue
,
we
may
sing
the
Lullaby
of
a
constant
requiem
to
our
own
Temples
and
our
babes
eye-lids
.
When
garded
with
security
of
Powers
protection
blessed
from
above
)
we
may
sweetly
and
safely
repose
in
the
pleasing
shadows
,
of
our
spreading
Vines
;
and
better
to
delight
us
,
walke
in
the
wel-formed
Rows
of
our
Gardendainties
,
where
we
may
sit
on
beds
of
Roses
,
dressing
our
Frontlets
with
borders
of
Lillies
,
sucking
the
Nestar
of
our
sweet
grapes
,
and
feasting
our
appetites
on
milke
and
honey
;
where
from
the
lofty
mounts
garnish't
with
the
full
crop
of
Ceres
presents
,
we
may
behold
the
lower
valleys
richly
clad
in
robes
of
beauty
;
grac'd
with
veins
of
pleasant
Rivers
;
all
contracting
Leagues
of
amity
to
enthrone
our
State
in
highest
Majesty
,
all
concluding
peace
in
plenty
,
And
(
to
make
all
compleat
)
all
bound
for
all
,
to
sing
Hymns
of
thanks
to
the
highest
Proteoctor
and
Author
of
all
.
FINIS
.