







 
   
     
       
         Advice given to the Republick of Venice how they ought to govern themselves both at home and abroad, to have perpetual dominion / first written in Italian by that great politician and lover of his countrey, Father Paul the Venetian, author of the Council of Trent ; translated into English by Dr. Aglionby ; dedicated to His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
         Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia. English.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             Advice given to the Republick of Venice how they ought to govern themselves both at home and abroad, to have perpetual dominion / first written in Italian by that great politician and lover of his countrey, Father Paul the Venetian, author of the Council of Trent ; translated into English by Dr. Aglionby ; dedicated to His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
             Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia. English.
             Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.
             Aglionby, William, d. 1705.
          
           [22], 119 p.
           
             Printed for Christopher Nobbes ...,
             London :
             1693.
          
           
             Translation of: Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia; falsely attributed to Paolo Sarpi. Cf. Bianchi-Giovini, A. Biografia di Paolo Sarpi.
             Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Italy -- History -- 1559-1789.
           Venice (Italy) -- Politics and government -- 1508-1797.
           Venice (Italy) -- History -- 1508-1797.
        
      
    
     
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           ADVICE
           Given
           to
           the
           
             Republick
             of
          
           VENICE
           .
           How
           they
           ought
           to
           Govern
           themselves
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           ,
           to
           have
           perpetual
           Dominion
           .
        
         
           First
           Written
           in
           Italian
           by
           that
           Great
           Politician
           and
           Lover
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           Father
           PAVL
           the
           Venetian
           ,
           Author
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           .
        
         
           Translated
           into
           English
           by
           Dr.
           AGLIONBY
           .
        
         
           Dedicated
           to
           his
           Excellency
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           of
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Christopher
             Nobbes
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Sign
           of
           the
           Olive-Tree
           ,
           in
           the
           Inner-Walk
           above
           stairs
           in
           the
           
             New
             Exchange
             ,
             1693.
          
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           HIS
           EXCELLENCY
           HENRY
           ,
           Viscount
           Sydney
           ,
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           Gentleman
           of
           the
           Bed-Chamber
           to
           Their
           Majesties
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           Their
           Majesties
           most
           Honourable
           Privy-Council
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           THough
           your
           design'd
           Favours
           to
           me
           might
           justly
           claim
           this
           offer
           of
           my
           Respects
           in
           a
           Dedication
           ,
           yet
           I
           must
           own
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           
           not
           only
           Gratitude
           that
           requires
           me
           to
           make
           this
           return
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           my
           Choice
           and
           Judgment
           that
           prompts
           me
           to
           take
           the
           Liberty
           of
           putting
           this
           Piece
           under
           ▪
           your
           Protection
           .
           And
           indeed
           ,
           if
           I
           regard
           either
           the
           Greatness
           of
           your
           Family
           ,
           or
           your
           own
           Personal
           Endowments
           ,
           where
           could
           I
           have
           found
           a
           more
           Illustrious
           Name
           ,
           or
           a
           more
           generally
           own'd
           Desert
           .
        
         
           The
           Sydneys
           have
           fill'd
           our
           English
           History
           ,
           and
           adorn'd
           our
           Nation
           ;
           Great
           in
           Employments
           both
           at
           Home
           and
           Abroad
           ,
           but
           more
           Glorious
           in
           asserting
           constantly
           their
           Country's
           true
           Interest
           :
           
           And
           your
           Lordship
           has
           not
           been
           wanting
           to
           follow
           such
           Honourable
           Examples
           ,
           first
           ,
           by
           a
           steddy
           adherence
           to
           all
           the
           measures
           that
           could
           be
           entred
           into
           by
           a
           wise
           man
           in
           times
           full
           of
           dark
           designs
           ;
           and
           then
           (
           as
           soon
           as
           your
           Countries
           Good
           requir'd
           it
           )
           by
           boldly
           laying
           aside
           all
           dubious
           Counsels
           ,
           to
           appear
           in
           Arms
           with
           our
           Great
           and
           Glorious
           Deliverer
           ,
           His
           Present
           Majesty
           .
        
         
           Amongst
           the
           Thanks
           we
           owe
           to
           all
           those
           who
           have
           done
           the
           like
           ,
           I
           think
           no
           one
           can
           more
           justly
           be
           extoll'd
           by
           this
           ,
           or
           recommended
           to
           the
           esteem
           and
           admiration
           
           of
           the
           next
           Age
           ,
           than
           your
           Lordship
           .
        
         
           In
           your
           Negotiation
           in
           Holland
           ,
           during
           the
           close
           Intrigues
           of
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           King
           Charles
           his
           Reign
           ,
           you
           strove
           to
           keep
           both
           him
           and
           us
           happy
           and
           quiet
           ,
           by
           promoting
           the
           true
           Interest
           of
           both
           :
           But
           when
           the
           Ferment
           of
           our
           Affairs
           forc'd
           you
           to
           more
           sensible
           demonstrations
           of
           your
           thoughts
           ,
           you
           Nobly
           chose
           rather
           to
           appear
           an
           ill
           Courtier
           ,
           than
           be
           thought
           an
           ill
           Man
           to
           your
           Country
           .
           The
           Protestant
           Interest
           carried
           it
           with
           you
           ,
           while
           the
           Roman
           Faction
           thought
           their
           designs
           as
           secure
           as
           they
           
           were
           deeply
           laid
           .
           'T
           is
           rare
           to
           find
           such
           Conduct
           and
           Courage
           in
           a
           Publick
           Minister
           :
           But
           what
           could
           be
           expected
           less
           from
           one
           ready
           to
           venture
           his
           Life
           in
           the
           Field
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           our
           Nation
           abroad
           ,
           against
           that
           unquiet
           Monarch
           who
           was
           then
           invading
           all
           the
           Liberty
           Mankind
           had
           left
           .
        
         
           Heaven
           ,
           My
           Lord
           ,
           has
           at
           last
           bless'd
           these
           constant
           endeavours
           for
           
           England's
           Prosperity
           ,
           and
           we
           see
           you
           in
           the
           Councils
           and
           Privacy
           of
           a
           Prince
           born
           for
           our
           Felicity
           .
        
         
           The
           Great
           Queen
           of
           this
           Monarchy
           ,
           who
           so
           lov'd
           her
           
           People
           ,
           and
           understood
           their
           Interest
           ,
           had
           a
           Sydney
           for
           her
           Favourite
           ,
           and
           such
           a
           man
           as
           she
           admir'd
           living
           ,
           and
           lamented
           dead
           ;
           and
           our
           King
           ,
           who
           has
           begun
           with
           restoring
           this
           Nation
           to
           its
           true
           Interest
           ,
           and
           will
           ,
           no
           question
           ,
           advance
           its
           Glory
           to
           the
           highest
           pitch
           ,
           has
           your
           Lordship
           in
           his
           Councils
           and
           Arms
           ,
           Guarded
           by
           you
           in
           the
           day
           ,
           he
           sleeps
           often
           under
           your
           care
           in
           the
           Night
           ,
           safe
           in
           your
           Loyalty
           ,
           and
           pleas'd
           in
           your
           attendance
           .
        
         
           To
           whom
           then
           could
           I
           more
           properly
           offer
           these
           Arcanums
           of
           a
           Wise
           Government
           ,
           than
           to
           one
           who
           must
           
           be
           a
           good
           Judge
           of
           all
           Writings
           of
           that
           kind
           ;
           and
           therefore
           with
           repeated
           Offers
           of
           my
           humble
           Respects
           ,
           and
           readiness
           to
           obey
           your
           Lordship's
           Commands
           ,
           I
           take
           leave
           ,
           and
           am
           ,
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Lordship
             's
             Most
             Humble
             and
             most
             Devoted
             Obedient
             Servant
             ,
             W.
             Aglionby
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           THat
           
             Padre
             Paulo
             Sarpi
          
           ,
           of
           the
           Order
           of
           the
           Servites
           ,
           is
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           there
           needs
           no
           other
           proof
           than
           the
           reading
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           whoever
           is
           acquainted
           either
           with
           his
           style
           ,
           or
           his
           manner
           of
           thinking
           ,
           must
           of
           necessity
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           both
           here
           .
           And
           indeed
           we
           may
           say
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           not
           only
           a
           true
           representation
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Author
           also
           (
           like
           great
           Painters
           ,
           
           who
           in
           all
           their
           Works
           give
           us
           their
           own
           Genius
           with
           the
           mixture
           of
           the
           Representation
           )
           has
           likewise
           drawn
           the
           truest
           Picture
           of
           himself
           .
           He
           was
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           men
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           of
           vast
           Natural
           Parts
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           had
           added
           all
           the
           acquir'd
           ones
           that
           great
           Study
           and
           much
           Conversation
           with
           Men
           could
           give
           him
           :
           It
           was
           he
           who
           defended
           the
           Republick
           in
           the
           dispute
           they
           had
           with
           Pope
           Paul
           the
           5th
           ;
           which
           he
           did
           so
           solidly
           ,
           and
           yet
           so
           modestly
           ,
           that
           his
           Subject
           never
           carried
           him
           either
           to
           Invectives
           or
           Railleries
           ,
           unbeseeming
           the
           Gravity
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           nor
           the
           Dignity
           of
           the
           Persons
           whose
           Cause
           he
           managed
           ;
           that
           Quarrel
           being
           
           accommodated
           by
           the
           interposition
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Republick
           had
           all
           the
           advantage
           possible
           :
           The
           Senate
           ,
           very
           sensible
           of
           the
           Obligation
           they
           had
           to
           
             P.
             Paulo
          
           ,
           made
           him
           
             Consultor
             of
             State
          
           ,
           and
           added
           an
           Honourable
           Pension
           for
           his
           Life
           ,
           giving
           him
           at
           the
           same
           time
           Order
           to
           view
           all
           their
           secret
           Records
           ,
           where
           all
           their
           Papers
           and
           Instruments
           of
           State
           were
           laid
           up
           ;
           all
           which
           he
           reduc'd
           into
           such
           a
           new
           order
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           might
           be
           recurr'd
           to
           with
           the
           greatest
           ease
           imaginable
           upon
           all
           occasions
           .
           The
           Esteem
           they
           made
           of
           his
           Abilities
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           they
           never
           had
           any
           important
           debate
           in
           which
           either
           
           by
           publick
           order
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           private
           application
           of
           some
           of
           their
           Senators
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           take
           his
           advice
           ;
           which
           most
           commonly
           was
           assented
           to
           afterwards
           .
           Towards
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           the
           
             Inquisitors
             of
             State
          
           seeing
           that
           they
           could
           not
           hope
           long
           for
           the
           continuation
           of
           those
           Oracles
           ,
           resolv'd
           ,
           that
           once
           for
           all
           he
           should
           impart
           them
           his
           thoughts
           upon
           the
           whole
           Constitution
           of
           their
           Government
           ,
           and
           withal
           ,
           add
           his
           Opinion
           touching
           their
           Future
           Conduct
           both
           within
           and
           without
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           this
           Piece
           with
           which
           I
           now
           present
           the
           Publick
           .
           As
           it
           was
           made
           for
           the
           perusal
           of
           those
           only
           who
           were
           the
           participants
           of
           all
           the
           Arcanums
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           
           it
           is
           writ
           with
           less
           regard
           to
           the
           Publick
           Censure
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           suppos'd
           it
           would
           never
           be
           subject
           .
           All
           other
           Writers
           of
           Politicks
           may
           in
           one
           thing
           be
           justly
           suspected
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           write
           with
           a
           design
           of
           publishing
           their
           Works
           to
           Mankind
           ,
           they
           must
           have
           a
           regard
           to
           many
           considerations
           both
           of
           the
           times
           they
           write
           in
           ,
           and
           Opinions
           that
           are
           then
           receiv'd
           by
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           also
           to
           the
           Establish'd
           Forms
           both
           of
           Government
           and
           Religion
           ;
           besides
           that
           Self-love
           too
           will
           not
           let
           them
           forget
           their
           own
           Glory
           ,
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           which
           they
           often
           swerve
           from
           the
           true
           Rules
           of
           writing
           ;
           but
           here
           all
           these
           considerations
           ceas'd
           ;
           the
           Work
           is
           directed
           
           to
           those
           whose
           Interest
           it
           was
           to
           conceal
           it
           :
           And
           for
           the
           Author
           himself
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           it
           was
           rather
           his
           Legacy
           than
           any
           desire
           of
           shewing
           his
           Abilities
           ,
           which
           by
           other
           Pieces
           of
           his
           were
           already
           sufficiently
           publish'd
           to
           the
           World.
           But
           what
           an
           Idea
           must
           we
           have
           of
           that
           Man
           whom
           a
           
             Venetian
             Senate
          
           not
           only
           admitted
           to
           their
           Debates
           ,
           but
           consulted
           upon
           the
           whole
           Frame
           of
           their
           Government
           ;
           a
           Senate
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           justly
           deserving
           the
           Titles
           of
           Wise
           and
           Great
           ;
           who
           have
           maintain'd
           their
           State
           for
           1200
           years
           ,
           with
           little
           alteration
           ;
           who
           have
           been
           a
           Bulwark
           to
           the
           Christian
           World
           against
           the
           most
           potent
           Invader
           that
           ever
           was
           ;
           who
           at
           the
           same
           
           time
           have
           struggled
           with
           all
           the
           Christian
           Princes
           united
           ,
           and
           headed
           ,
           even
           by
           Popes
           ,
           whose
           spiritual
           power
           alone
           has
           been
           able
           to
           subvert
           greater
           Empires
           :
           This
           Senate
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           the
           wisest
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           
             Inquisitors
             of
             State
          
           ,
           who
           have
           the
           whole
           Executive
           Power
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           cannot
           let
           this
           Subject
           of
           theirs
           leave
           the
           World
           without
           having
           from
           him
           a
           Scheme
           of
           their
           present
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           a
           prospect
           of
           the
           Occurrences
           to
           come
           :
           Nothing
           certainly
           can
           give
           us
           a
           greater
           Idea
           of
           
             Padre
             Paulo
          
           ,
           nor
           shew
           us
           how
           great
           Abilities
           in
           the
           most
           retired
           and
           concealed
           Subjects
           ,
           will
           break
           out
           in
           all
           wise
           Governments
           ,
           and
           cannot
           long
           be
           conceal'd
           .
        
         
         
           As
           to
           the
           work
           it self
           ,
           I
           shall
           say
           little
           ,
           it
           being
           improper
           to
           forestall
           the
           Reader
           's
           Judgment
           by
           mine
           ;
           but
           I
           think
           I
           may
           venture
           to
           give
           him
           some
           cautions
           against
           a
           surprise
           ,
           from
           some
           bold
           Maxims
           and
           arbitrary
           Positions
           which
           he
           will
           meet
           with
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           not
           expect
           from
           one
           of
           our
           Author's
           Profession
           ,
           nor
           in
           the
           Methods
           of
           a
           Government
           which
           carries
           the
           specious
           and
           popular
           Title
           of
           Liberty
           in
           the
           Head
           of
           it
           .
           As
           to
           the
           Author
           ,
           tho
           he
           were
           a
           religious
           man
           ,
           and
           a
           very
           strict
           observer
           of
           that
           Life
           ;
           yet
           being
           above
           ordinary
           methods
           ,
           and
           having
           a
           Mind
           elevated
           beyond
           his
           sphere
           ,
           he
           thought
           ,
           that
           not
           only
           he
           might
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           ought
           to
           go
           
           to
           the
           Extent
           of
           his
           Capacity
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           to
           advise
           those
           whom
           God
           Almighty
           had
           invested
           with
           Soveraign
           Power
           .
           This
           makes
           him
           lay
           down
           that
           great
           Maxim
           ,
           
             That
             all
             is
             just
             that
             contributes
             to
             the
             preservation
             of
             the
             Government
          
           ;
           and
           in
           a
           natural
           deduction
           from
           this
           ,
           advise
           in
           some
           cases
           not
           to
           stand
           upon
           common
           proceedings
           .
           I
           remember
           the
           Author
           of
           his
           Life
           says
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           adapted
           most
           of
           the
           Aphorisms
           of
           Hippocrates
           ,
           about
           the
           Diseases
           and
           Cure
           of
           the
           Body
           natural
           ,
           to
           those
           of
           the
           Body
           politick
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           forget
           that
           of
           ,
           
             Extremis
             Morbis
             extrema
             Remedia
             ,
          
           which
           alone
           would
           warrant
           all
           uncommon
           proceedings
           .
        
         
         
           Most
           people
           have
           an
           Idea
           of
           Commonwealths
           ,
           not
           unlike
           that
           which
           Poets
           and
           young
           people
           have
           of
           the
           
             Golden
             Age
          
           ,
           where
           they
           fancy
           ,
           that
           without
           either
           labour
           ,
           solicitude
           ,
           or
           chagrin
           ,
           people
           past
           their
           time
           in
           the
           Innocent
           Pleasures
           of
           Love
           and
           Musick
           ,
           and
           other
           soft
           Delights
           ;
           so
           the
           World
           imagines
           ,
           that
           a
           Popular
           Government
           is
           all
           sweetness
           and
           liberty
           ,
           precarious
           ,
           and
           depending
           upon
           their
           Votes
           ,
           free
           from
           oppression
           and
           slavery
           ,
           and
           constant
           to
           known
           methods
           :
           but
           all
           this
           is
           a
           very
           wrong
           Conception
           ;
           they
           are
           invested
           with
           Soveraign
           Power
           ,
           and
           must
           and
           do
           use
           it
           for
           their
           own
           preservation
           ,
           as
           absolutely
           as
           any
           Soveraign
           Prince
           in
           
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           whoever
           shall
           seriously
           consider
           the
           Machine
           of
           this
           Venetian
           State
           ,
           must
           own
           ,
           that
           neither
           the
           Governors
           themselves
           ,
           nor
           the
           people
           governed
           by
           them
           ,
           have
           any
           such
           Excellent
           and
           Inviting
           Prerogatives
           ,
           as
           can
           justly
           give
           them
           a
           Superiority
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           a
           wise
           Prince
           ,
           and
           well
           dispos'd
           People
           in
           a
           limited
           Monarchy
           .
           But
           I
           have
           said
           enough
           of
           this
           ;
           the
           Reader
           will
           best
           judge
           ,
           whether
           the
           reading
           of
           this
           Book
           will
           enamour
           him
           of
           a
           Republican
           Government
           or
           not
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           no
           more
           to
           say
           ,
           but
           that
           this
           is
           a
           very
           faithful
           Translation
           from
           an
           Original
           Manuscript
           communicated
           to
           me
           in
           Italy
           ,
           
           where
           it
           begins
           to
           creep
           abroad
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           had
           in
           England
           the
           conveniency
           of
           Workmen
           that
           could
           Print
           Italian
           correctly
           ,
           I
           would
           have
           publish'd
           both
           the
           Original
           and
           my
           Translation
           together
           .
        
         
           The
           words
           of
           Quarantie
           and
           Avogadore
           ,
           may
           puzzle
           some
           people
           ;
           but
           they
           will
           easily
           understand
           ,
           that
           the
           first
           is
           a
           kind
           of
           
             Bench
             of
             Judges
          
           deligated
           out
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           lesser
           Nobility
           ,
           for
           the
           Trial
           of
           Civil
           and
           some
           Criminal
           Causes
           ;
           and
           the
           other
           is
           the
           Name
           of
           a
           great
           Magistrate
           in
           Venice
           ,
           who
           among
           oth●r
           Priviledges
           ,
           has
           that
           of
           carrying
           the
           Sentences
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           before
           the
           great
           Council
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           OPINION
           OF
           Padre
           Paolo
           ,
        
         
           
             Most
             Illustrious
             and
             Excellent
             Lords
             ,
             the
             Inquisitors
             of
             State
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Write
           by
           Obedience
           to
           your
           Lordship's
           Commands
           ,
           without
           Reflection
           upon
           my
           own
           small
           Abilities
           ,
           because
           the
           Chief
           Consideration
           of
           a
           Subject
           ought
           to
           be
           to
           obey
           his
           Prince
           .
        
         
           Your
           Excellencies
           have
           commanded
           me
           to
           deliver
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           
           how
           the
           
             Venetian
             Republick
          
           ought
           to
           regulate
           it self
           ,
           to
           hope
           for
           a
           perpetual
           Duration
           .
           To
           obtain
           a
           true
           Notion
           of
           this
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           necessary
           to
           distinguish
           ,
           and
           first
           to
           regulate
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           in
           which
           will
           be
           comprehended
           the
           manner
           of
           keeping
           the
           Nobles
           and
           the
           Citizens
           to
           their
           Duty
           ;
           then
           look
           abroad
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           your
           Dominions
           :
           and
           lastly
           give
           some
           Form
           to
           the
           dealing
           with
           Foreign
           Princes
           .
        
         
           To
           begin
           with
           the
           First
           ,
           I
           might
           in
           short
           put
           you
           in
           mind
           of
           the
           Saying
           of
           St.
           Bernardino
           of
           Siena
           ,
           to
           the
           
             Doge
             Moro
          
           ,
           who
           said
           ,
           That
           the
           Republick
           should
           continue
           so
           long
           as
           they
           should
           keep
           to
           the
           Rule
           of
           doing
           Exact
           Justice
           ;
           but
           to
           come
           nearer
           to
           the
           matter
           ,
           and
           the
           Condition
           of
           these
           Times
           ,
           we
           must
           reduce
           under
           that
           Head
           of
           Justice
           ,
           all
           that
           contributes
           to
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           State
           ;
           and
           ,
           to
           speak
           yet
           more
           succinctly
           ,
           we
           will
           lay
           it
           
           down
           as
           a
           Maxim
           ,
           
             That
             all
             is
             just
             which
             is
             any
             ways
             necessary
             for
             the
             maintaining
             of
             the
             Government
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           particular
           Government
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           't
           is
           an
           excellent
           Custom
           to
           lay
           the
           Impositions
           as
           well
           upon
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Citizens
           .
           First
           ,
           Because
           the
           Burden
           is
           less
           when
           it
           is
           general
           :
           And
           ,
           Secondly
           ,
           Because
           't
           is
           just
           when
           't
           is
           without
           Partiality
           .
           There
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           it
           lessens
           something
           of
           the
           Splendor
           of
           the
           Nobility
           to
           see
           them
           tax'd
           particularly
           ,
           since
           in
           many
           Governments
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           ,
           though
           they
           are
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           not
           part
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           do
           nevertheless
           enjoy
           a
           Freedom
           from
           Taxes
           ,
           and
           contribute
           more
           with
           their
           Sword
           than
           Purse
           ,
           towards
           the
           Publick
           Charge
           :
           But
           since
           the
           Ancient
           Simplicity
           of
           our
           Ancestors
           has
           patiently
           submitted
           to
           this
           Yoak
           ;
           and
           because
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           the
           Sword
           are
           dangerous
           
           in
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           I
           think
           't
           is
           advisable
           not
           to
           innovate
           in
           this
           Point
           ,
           because
           such
           a
           change
           would
           give
           too
           much
           offence
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           your
           People
           ,
           and
           too
           much
           Haughtiness
           to
           your
           own
           Nobility
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Taxes
           are
           upon
           the
           Lands
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           be
           unavoidable
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           convenient
           to
           give
           the
           Nobility
           all
           the
           advantage
           of
           time
           for
           payment
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           insolvent
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           neglect
           the
           rigorous
           Exaction
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           Nobility
           be
           not
           ruin'd
           ,
           because
           Extreams
           are
           always
           dangerous
           ,
           and
           the
           Republick
           may
           suffer
           as
           much
           from
           having
           too
           many
           poor
           Noblemen
           ,
           as
           from
           having
           too
           many
           rich
           ones
           ;
           besides
           the
           Envy
           and
           Jealousie
           that
           must
           be
           in
           the
           hearts
           of
           those
           who
           shall
           find
           themselves
           naked
           ,
           and
           their
           Equals
           cloathed
           with
           their
           Garments
           ,
           and
           that
           only
           for
           not
           having
           been
           able
           to
           pay
           an
           Imposition
           laid
           upon
           them
           
           by
           other
           Peoples
           Contrivance
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           some
           ,
           who
           not
           making
           a
           right
           Judgment
           of
           things
           ,
           do
           inveigh
           extreamly
           against
           a
           Custom
           of
           this
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           having
           so
           many
           Offices
           and
           Places
           of
           so
           small
           Revenue
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           enjoy
           them
           are
           almost
           necessitated
           to
           be
           corrupt
           ;
           and
           so
           after
           they
           have
           been
           Judges
           and
           Governours
           ,
           forc'd
           to
           come
           under
           the
           lash
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           or
           to
           justifie
           their
           Integrity
           ,
           if
           they
           can
           :
           This
           seems
           a
           notorious
           Abuse
           ,
           and
           carries
           with
           it
           some
           appearance
           .
           But
           however
           ,
           I
           should
           never
           advise
           to
           make
           these
           Imployments
           better
           ,
           because
           there
           results
           from
           this
           another
           greater
           advantage
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           keep
           the
           small
           Nobility
           under
           ;
           for
           they
           may
           be
           compar'd
           to
           the
           Adder
           ,
           which
           cannot
           exert
           its
           Poyson
           when
           't
           is
           numm'd
           with
           Cold
           :
           And
           if
           these
           Nobles
           ,
           who
           are
           by
           inclination
           discontented
           ,
           should
           once
           arrive
           but
           to
           a
           Mediocrity
           in
           Fortune
           ,
           
           they
           would
           presently
           contest
           with
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           and
           by
           strength
           of
           their
           Numbers
           play
           some
           ill
           Trick
           to
           the
           Government
           :
           whereas
           now
           they
           are
           kept
           to
           their
           Duty
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           Poverty
           ,
           which
           clips
           the
           Wings
           of
           Ambition
           ,
           but
           also
           by
           being
           subject
           to
           the
           Censure
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           for
           having
           misbehav'd
           themselves
           in
           their
           Governments
           .
           Indead
           I
           could
           think
           it
           prudent
           to
           proceed
           against
           them
           something
           coldly
           ,
           unless
           they
           are
           guilty
           of
           very
           great
           Enormities
           ,
           such
           as
           scandalize
           the
           generality
           of
           your
           Subjects
           ;
           for
           then
           't
           is
           necessary
           to
           shew
           a
           publick
           resentment
           :
           But
           otherwise
           I
           would
           have
           them
           handled
           gently
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           kind
           of
           punishment
           to
           lye
           open
           to
           a
           Prosecution
           :
           And
           indeed
           I
           would
           never
           have
           any
           Nobleman
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           guilty
           ,
           be
           condemned
           to
           a
           Publick
           Infamous
           Death
           ,
           because
           the
           Damage
           that
           results
           from
           thence
           upon
           the
           whole
           Order
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           
           when
           they
           are
           seen
           to
           pass
           through
           the
           Hands
           of
           an
           Hangman
           ,
           is
           greater
           than
           the
           Good
           of
           a
           Publick
           Example
           can
           avail
           .
           Neither
           on
           the
           other
           side
           would
           I
           have
           these
           Noblemen
           ,
           thus
           guilty
           ,
           to
           walk
           the
           Streets
           ,
           and
           be
           seen
           in
           publick
           ,
           because
           then
           your
           Subjects
           would
           conceive
           a
           sinister
           Opinion
           of
           your
           Justice
           ;
           but
           they
           should
           be
           kept
           in
           Prison
           ,
           or
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           necessary
           ,
           be
           privately
           dispatch'd
           .
        
         
           If
           these
           Criminals
           fly
           from
           Justice
           ,
           then
           you
           may
           use
           the
           utmost
           severity
           in
           your
           banishing
           of
           them
           ;
           because
           then
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           if
           nothing
           more
           be
           done
           ,
           nothing
           more
           was
           feasible
           ;
           and
           let
           the
           same
           Rigour
           be
           observ'd
           in
           keeping
           them
           out
           :
           for
           since
           they
           are
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           gangreen'd
           Members
           cut
           off
           from
           the
           Body
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           expedient
           to
           unite
           them
           again
           to
           it
           with
           deformity
           of
           the
           whole
           .
        
         
           Here
           I
           foresee
           I
           shall
           be
           censur'd
           by
           some
           ,
           as
           a
           bad
           Pilot
           ,
           who
           endeavouring
           
           to
           shun
           Scylla
           ,
           runs
           upon
           Carybdis
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           while
           I
           aim
           at
           keeping
           the
           small
           Nobility
           under
           ,
           I
           forget
           the
           danger
           may
           arise
           from
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           the
           Rich
           of
           that
           Order
           .
           I
           see
           the
           Objection
           ,
           but
           do
           not
           value
           it
           ;
           and
           my
           Reason
           is
           ,
           the
           long
           Observation
           I
           have
           made
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           this
           City
           ,
           by
           the
           strength
           of
           which
           I
           dare
           boldly
           affirm
           ,
           that
           the
           Republick
           of
           Venice
           will
           never
           come
           to
           its
           end
           by
           that
           which
           has
           ruin'd
           all
           other
           Republicks
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           when
           the
           power
           has
           been
           reduc'd
           first
           into
           a
           few
           hands
           ,
           and
           then
           their
           Authority
           devolv'd
           upon
           one
           who
           has
           erected
           a
           Monarchy
           .
           The
           strange
           Emulation
           that
           reigns
           here
           among
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           even
           among
           those
           of
           the
           same
           Family
           ;
           nay
           ,
           that
           is
           between
           Brothers
           themselves
           ,
           does
           secure
           the
           Government
           from
           this
           danger
           ;
           and
           if
           by
           a
           Supposition
           ,
           almost
           impossible
           ,
           all
           the
           Brothers
           of
           one
           Family
           had
           the
           power
           given
           
           them
           of
           making
           a
           Dictator
           ,
           I
           am
           confident
           they
           would
           never
           agree
           to
           chuse
           one
           among
           themselves
           ,
           but
           would
           rather
           chuse
           to
           be
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           divided
           among
           a
           Thousand
           Gentlemen
           ,
           than
           to
           be
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           and
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           The
           Great
           Governments
           ,
           called
           
             Governments
             of
             Expence
          
           ,
           and
           so
           contriv'd
           on
           purpose
           by
           our
           prudent
           Ancestors
           ,
           to
           give
           an
           occasion
           to
           those
           who
           are
           too
           rich
           to
           lessen
           their
           Riches
           ;
           ought
           to
           be
           dispos'd
           of
           according
           to
           the
           Intention
           of
           their
           first
           Institution
           :
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           not
           to
           those
           who
           have
           no
           means
           to
           sustain
           such
           a
           Burden
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           forc'd
           by
           consequence
           to
           compass
           them
           
             per
             fas
             &
             nefas
          
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           are
           Honest
           ,
           must
           do
           it
           foolishly
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           not
           wicked
           enough
           to
           do
           it
           knavishly
           ,
           and
           so
           either
           acquire
           the
           Hatred
           of
           those
           they
           govern
           ,
           or
           be
           laugh'd
           at
           ,
           and
           contemned
           by
           them
           .
           This
           
           is
           a
           Point
           of
           great
           Importance
           ;
           and
           he
           who
           goes
           through
           such
           an
           Imployment
           meanly
           ,
           and
           without
           Expence
           ,
           demerits
           extreamly
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           because
           he
           renders
           the
           Person
           that
           represents
           the
           State
           contemptible
           ;
           and
           all
           Rebellions
           of
           Subjects
           have
           had
           their
           first
           Original
           Rise
           from
           the
           Contempt
           of
           the
           Prince
           ▪
        
         
           The
           Contests
           that
           happen
           between
           Nobleman
           and
           Nobleman
           of
           equal
           Fortunes
           ,
           and
           are
           follow'd
           by
           Attempts
           upon
           one
           another
           ,
           may
           be
           conniv'd
           at
           when
           they
           are
           reconcil'd
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           thing
           be
           between
           a
           Nobleman
           of
           the
           Better
           sort
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           the
           Lesser
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           chastis'd
           with
           some
           appearance
           of
           Severity
           at
           least
           ,
           for
           fear
           the
           Humours
           of
           the
           small
           Nobility
           should
           be
           stirr'd
           ;
           But
           if
           one
           of
           these
           shall
           attack
           a
           Nobleman
           of
           the
           First
           Rate
           ,
           let
           him
           be
           punish'd
           with
           a
           heavy
           hand
           ,
           lest
           the
           Party
           injur'd
           ,
           being
           potent
           in
           Friends
           ,
           go
           
           about
           to
           do
           himself
           Justice
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           detriment
           of
           the
           Publick
           Authority
           :
           But
           if
           a
           Nobleman
           do
           commit
           an
           Enormity
           towards
           a
           Subject
           ,
           first
           let
           there
           be
           all
           the
           endeavour
           possible
           used
           to
           justifie
           him
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           cannot
           be
           ,
           let
           the
           punishment
           be
           with
           more
           Noise
           than
           Harm
           ;
           But
           if
           a
           Subject
           insults
           a
           Nobleman
           ,
           let
           the
           Revenge
           be
           sharp
           and
           publick
           ,
           that
           the
           Subjects
           may
           not
           accustom
           themselves
           to
           lay
           hands
           upon
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           but
           rather
           think
           them
           Venerable
           and
           Sacred
           .
        
         
           In
           Civil
           Judicatures
           it
           would
           be
           requisite
           to
           act
           without
           Passion
           ,
           to
           take
           away
           that
           ill
           Opinion
           that
           Men
           have
           of
           the
           Partiality
           of
           Justice
           ,
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Great
           .
           This
           Belief
           must
           be
           destroyed
           ;
           for
           a
           Subject
           that
           once
           thinks
           himself
           prejudg'd
           by
           the
           Quality
           of
           his
           Adversary
           ,
           will
           never
           be
           capable
           of
           seeing
           whether
           his
           Cause
           has
           been
           decided
           according
           to
           the
           merit
           
           of
           it
           or
           no
           :
           Therefore
           there
           can
           never
           be
           too
           much
           diligence
           used
           in
           the
           Administration
           of
           Civil
           Judicatures
           ,
           which
           are
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Foundations
           of
           Government
           ;
           for
           when
           a
           Subject
           can
           say
           to
           himself
           ,
           That
           he
           shall
           have
           Justice
           ,
           if
           his
           Case
           deserves
           it
           ,
           he
           submits
           to
           a
           great
           many
           other
           Grievances
           without
           repining
           :
           And
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           though
           after
           an
           unjust
           Sentence
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           indulg'd
           in
           some
           Criminal
           Matter
           ,
           he
           will
           never
           have
           a
           Love
           for
           the
           Government
           ,
           because
           the
           Injury
           receiv'd
           ,
           will
           stick
           in
           his
           Memory
           ,
           and
           the
           Indulgence
           will
           vanish
           out
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Quarrels
           between
           the
           Plebeians
           may
           be
           judged
           according
           to
           the
           common
           course
           of
           Justice
           ,
           which
           may
           there
           appear
           in
           its
           Natural
           Being
           ,
           there
           arising
           no
           Politick
           Grounds
           to
           disturb
           the
           Course
           of
           it
           ;
           nay
           ,
           rather
           their
           little
           Animosities
           are
           to
           be
           fomented
           ,
           
           as
           Cato
           us'd
           to
           do
           in
           his
           Family
           ;
           and
           for
           this
           Reason
           ,
           wise
           Antiquity
           permitted
           the
           Encounters
           and
           Battles
           that
           are
           still
           practis'd
           in
           this
           City
           ,
           between
           several
           Parties
           of
           the
           People
           ;
           But
           all
           Assemblies
           of
           numerous
           Bodies
           are
           to
           be
           avoided
           as
           the
           Plague
           ,
           because
           nothing
           can
           sooner
           overturn
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           than
           the
           Facility
           the
           People
           may
           meet
           with
           in
           getting
           together
           to
           confer
           or
           debate
           about
           their
           Grievances
           ;
           Nay
           ,
           this
           thing
           is
           so
           dangerous
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           to
           be
           detested
           and
           abhorr'd
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           because
           that
           there
           being
           in
           all
           Bodies
           some
           ill
           Humours
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           not
           united
           ,
           either
           they
           do
           not
           work
           at
           all
           ,
           or
           do
           not
           work
           ill
           ;
           But
           if
           they
           once
           are
           in
           a
           Mass
           ,
           and
           take
           their
           course
           one
           way
           ,
           they
           not
           only
           are
           hard
           to
           cure
           ,
           but
           often
           prove
           mortal
           to
           the
           Body
           .
           Let
           there
           be
           a
           careful
           watch
           upon
           all
           Seditious
           Discourses
           ,
           nay
           ,
           upon
           all
           Speculative
           ones
           that
           seem
           any
           way
           
           to
           censure
           the
           Government
           ;
           and
           set
           before
           your
           Eyes
           the
           Example
           of
           Heresies
           ,
           which
           have
           never
           so
           much
           wasted
           the
           Church
           as
           when
           they
           have
           had
           their
           Beginnings
           from
           Curiosity
           and
           Jests
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           City
           Arsenal
           be
           kept
           up
           ,
           though
           there
           be
           not
           present
           occasion
           for
           it
           ,
           because
           things
           that
           depend
           upon
           Time
           ,
           must
           be
           anticipated
           by
           time
           .
           Let
           the
           Masters
           and
           Tradesmen
           of
           the
           place
           be
           kept
           satisfied
           ,
           and
           upon
           any
           Fault
           committed
           ,
           let
           the
           Punishment
           be
           Paternal
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           with
           seeming
           Rigour
           ,
           but
           not
           such
           as
           to
           make
           them
           run
           away
           ;
           for
           ,
           if
           possible
           ,
           they
           are
           to
           believe
           the
           Fable
           of
           the
           Mouse
           ,
           who
           thought
           its
           hole
           to
           be
           all
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           Let
           the
           Publick
           Secretaries
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Officers
           that
           must
           be
           inform'd
           of
           the
           Publick
           Concerns
           ,
           be
           chosen
           with
           care
           ,
           as
           like
           to
           be
           faithful
           and
           diligent
           ;
           but
           when
           once
           admitted
           ,
           though
           they
           should
           prove
           
           otherwise
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           born
           withal
           ,
           because
           there
           is
           need
           of
           but
           a
           few
           to
           do
           well
           :
           But
           every
           single
           Officer
           can
           do
           hurt
           ;
           and
           it
           's
           much
           easier
           to
           defend
           ones
           self
           from
           a
           Potent
           Foreign
           Enemy
           ,
           than
           from
           an
           ill-meaning
           Servant
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Manufactures
           which
           are
           peculiar
           to
           Venice
           ,
           be
           preserv'd
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           let
           them
           not
           be
           loaded
           with
           many
           Impositions
           ,
           because
           that
           Profit
           and
           Gain
           which
           has
           made
           Men
           venture
           through
           a
           Thousand
           Difficulties
           ,
           to
           discover
           New
           Worlds
           ,
           will
           still
           carry
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           if
           he
           cannot
           have
           it
           at
           home
           ,
           to
           seek
           it
           abroad
           ,
           though
           he
           go
           to
           the
           Antipodes
           for
           it
           .
           Preserve
           the
           Artists
           therefore
           ,
           remembring
           that
           most
           Arts
           are
           a
           kind
           of
           Phantastick
           Being
           .
        
         
           The
           Marriages
           between
           Noblemen
           and
           Women
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           may
           be
           tolerated
           ,
           if
           the
           Women
           are
           very
           rich
           ;
           because
           it
           often
           happens
           that
           the
           Industry
           of
           many
           Years
           
           of
           the
           Plebeians
           ,
           serves
           only
           to
           enrich
           the
           House
           of
           a
           Nobleman
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           a
           gentle
           Imperceptible
           sort
           of
           Usurpation
           ;
           't
           is
           true
           ,
           't
           is
           something
           abating
           of
           the
           Lustre
           of
           the
           Noble
           Families
           ;
           but
           that
           is
           only
           in
           abstract
           and
           in
           general
           ,
           but
           in
           reality
           it
           advantages
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           and
           there
           need
           be
           no
           fear
           that
           the
           Children
           be
           degenerate
           and
           base
           ,
           because
           nothing
           so
           debases
           a
           Nobleman
           as
           Poverty
           :
           Besides
           ,
           there
           results
           from
           this
           another
           great
           advantage
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           to
           make
           the
           Plebeians
           concern'd
           by
           Affection
           for
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           bound
           to
           study
           their
           advantage
           by
           a
           much
           sweeter
           tye
           than
           that
           of
           Obedience
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Considerable
           Honours
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           be
           disposed
           of
           to
           those
           who
           may
           naturally
           pretend
           to
           them
           ,
           for
           having
           gone
           through
           the
           many
           Employments
           ,
           which
           are
           steps
           to
           the
           highest
           Dignities
           ,
           making
           always
           an
           allowance
           for
           extraordinary
           Merit
           ,
           in
           which
           
           the
           State
           can
           never
           be
           too
           prodigal
           :
           For
           otherwise
           to
           prefer
           those
           who
           cannot
           reckon
           themselves
           among
           the
           Lawful
           Pretenders
           ,
           gives
           just
           Offence
           to
           the
           others
           his
           Equals
           ,
           and
           likewise
           strengthens
           the
           pretensions
           of
           the
           unworthy
           ,
           who
           not
           seeing
           any
           thing
           in
           that
           Fortunate
           Man
           that
           exceeds
           their
           ordinary
           Talent
           ,
           cannot
           imagine
           why
           he
           should
           be
           preferr'd
           ,
           and
           they
           excluded
           from
           the
           like
           Dignities
           .
           The
           Subject
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           is
           hardly
           brought
           to
           pay
           Excessive
           Reverence
           where
           they
           never
           us'd
           to
           give
           but
           ordinary
           Respect
           ;
           and
           from
           this
           argues
           ,
           That
           the
           Dignity
           it self
           is
           not
           of
           so
           much
           value
           ,
           since
           it
           is
           bestowed
           upon
           so
           inconsiderable
           a
           Person
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           it
           is
           in
           the
           Nature
           of
           all
           sublunary
           things
           to
           have
           a
           mixture
           of
           Imperfection
           ,
           I
           must
           own
           ,
           that
           the
           Republick
           of
           Venice
           has
           likewise
           its
           Defects
           ;
           and
           the
           Chief
           one
           is
           ,
           That
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           
           Nobility
           is
           too
           numerous
           to
           be
           Aristocratical
           ;
           therefore
           it
           will
           always
           be
           expedient
           to
           contrive
           ,
           by
           all
           Arts
           imaginable
           ,
           that
           the
           Great
           Council
           do
           delegate
           the
           greatest
           Authority
           that
           may
           be
           to
           the
           Senate
           and
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           :
           But
           this
           must
           be
           done
           by
           secret
           imperceptible
           ways
           ,
           such
           as
           shall
           not
           be
           discover'd
           till
           after
           't
           is
           done
           ,
           because
           when
           they
           have
           once
           for
           all
           parted
           with
           their
           power
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           a
           happy
           settlement
           of
           the
           deliberating
           part
           ,
           and
           if
           the
           same
           can
           be
           composed
           in
           the
           Judiciary
           and
           distributive
           Power
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           hop'd
           ,
           that
           the
           Constitution
           of
           the
           State
           will
           be
           more
           vigorous
           :
           It
           cannot
           be
           denied
           but
           the
           Great
           Council
           does
           relish
           very
           much
           of
           the
           Mobile
           ,
           and
           by
           consequent
           ,
           subject
           to
           impetuous
           Deliberations
           ,
           not
           always
           weigh'd
           in
           the
           Ballance
           of
           Prudence
           and
           Experience
           .
           And
           truly
           I
           admire
           ,
           that
           wise
           Antiquity
           did
           not
           gain
           this
           Point
           ,
           it
           being
           
           easie
           for
           them
           to
           take
           advantage
           of
           the
           simplicity
           of
           their
           times
           ;
           or
           at
           least
           to
           have
           prolong'd
           the
           time
           of
           the
           great
           Magistratures
           further
           than
           from
           Year
           to
           Year
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           of
           which
           they
           now
           must
           have
           a
           new
           Confirmation
           from
           the
           Senate
           ;
           For
           this
           being
           design'd
           to
           prevent
           the
           falling
           into
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           does
           unawares
           run
           the
           State
           into
           that
           of
           the
           meaner
           sort
           ,
           so
           much
           the
           more
           odious
           by
           how
           much
           't
           is
           more
           numerous
           and
           unexperienc'd
           ;
           We
           should
           see
           more
           vigorous
           Resolutions
           in
           the
           Senators
           ,
           if
           they
           were
           not
           continually
           obliged
           to
           court
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Piazza
           .
        
         
           The
           Office
           of
           Avogadore
           is
           to
           be
           disposed
           of
           with
           extream
           Circumspection
           ,
           and
           that
           to
           Persons
           of
           Eminency
           ,
           such
           as
           have
           no
           need
           of
           fawning
           upon
           the
           Multitude
           of
           the
           Great
           Council
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           Senate
           and
           Council
           of
           Ten
           might
           make
           some
           steps
           beyond
           their
           Natural
           
           Authority
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           born
           with
           patience
           ,
           and
           Time
           would
           give
           them
           Prescription
           :
           Whereas
           ,
           if
           an
           Avogadore
           ,
           to
           make
           himself
           Popular
           ,
           shall
           carry
           these
           Deliberations
           to
           the
           Great
           Councils
           Censure
           ,
           immediately
           out
           of
           Jealousie
           they
           are
           annull'd
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           expedient
           .
           Therefore
           if
           that
           Office
           of
           Avogadore
           cannot
           be
           placed
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           one
           who
           inclines
           more
           to
           the
           Patritian
           than
           to
           the
           Popular
           side
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           well
           to
           give
           it
           to
           one
           of
           mean
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           a
           quiet
           Temper
           ;
           or
           if
           it
           be
           disposed
           of
           to
           an
           unquiet
           bold
           man
           ,
           let
           him
           be
           one
           who
           lies
           under
           some
           infamous
           imputation
           of
           Corruption
           ,
           or
           other
           Enormity
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           the
           first
           may
           not
           be
           able
           ,
           nor
           the
           latter
           dare
           to
           affront
           ,
           and
           try
           it
           with
           the
           Grandees
           of
           the
           State
           ;
           Otherwise
           an
           Avogadore
           of
           Parts
           ,
           Integrity
           and
           Malignity
           ,
           may
           easily
           set
           fire
           to
           the
           Four
           Corners
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
        
         
         
           For
           the
           same
           Reasons
           it
           will
           always
           be
           well
           to
           lessen
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Quaranties
           ,
           they
           being
           naturally
           popular
           .
           They
           were
           constituted
           numerous
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           Venality
           of
           Justice
           ;
           but
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           they
           are
           subject
           to
           gather
           peccant
           Humours
           ,
           and
           afford
           too
           much
           nourishment
           to
           a
           Feverish
           Temper
           :
           They
           may
           be
           born
           with
           in
           the
           administration
           of
           Civil
           Justice
           ,
           but
           in
           Criminals
           their
           power
           should
           be
           lessen'd
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           done
           by
           the
           Council
           of
           
           Ten
           's
           taking
           to
           their
           Cognizance
           all
           Criminal
           Cases
           that
           they
           can
           any
           ways
           draw
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           by
           leaving
           off
           the
           Custom
           of
           deligating
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Senate
           and
           Signoria
           to
           these
           Quaranties
           ,
           as
           is
           now
           practis'd
           but
           too
           often
           .
           If
           these
           Quaranties
           were
           quite
           taken
           away
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           better
           for
           the
           Government
           ,
           but
           then
           it
           would
           be
           as
           necessary
           to
           provide
           some
           other
           way
           for
           so
           many
           necessitous
           and
           idle
           persons
           .
        
         
         
           It
           were
           well
           to
           use
           all
           means
           to
           take
           from
           them
           the
           Authority
           of
           judging
           Noblemen
           in
           Criminal
           Cases
           ;
           for
           so
           by
           degrees
           they
           will
           lose
           many
           of
           the
           Priviledges
           affected
           to
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           also
           I
           could
           wish
           they
           were
           totally
           excluded
           from
           the
           Senate
           ;
           But
           that
           is
           more
           to
           be
           wish'd
           than
           hop'd
           for
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           People
           ,
           let
           them
           always
           be
           provided
           for
           by
           plenty
           of
           things
           for
           sustenance
           ,
           and
           as
           cheap
           as
           may
           be
           :
           For
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Rabble
           is
           so
           malicious
           ,
           that
           even
           when
           scarcity
           of
           Provisions
           comes
           from
           the
           failing
           of
           the
           Crops
           ,
           they
           nevertheless
           impute
           it
           to
           the
           Malice
           or
           Negligence
           of
           the
           Great
           ones
           :
           So
           there
           is
           no
           way
           to
           make
           them
           hold
           their
           peace
           ,
           but
           to
           stop
           their
           Mouths
           .
           Employ
           as
           many
           of
           the
           People
           as
           may
           be
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Publick
           ,
           that
           so
           drawing
           their
           Livelyhood
           from
           the
           Government
           ,
           they
           may
           have
           affection
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Numbers
           of
           the
           Necessitous
           
           will
           thereby
           be
           lessen'd
           :
           for
           if
           Hunger
           and
           Want
           can
           make
           strong
           Towns
           yield
           ,
           it
           will
           likewise
           incite
           Men
           to
           venture
           their
           Lives
           in
           desperate
           Attempts
           ,
           rather
           than
           linger
           in
           misery
           .
           Yet
           still
           I
           would
           not
           advise
           to
           take
           any
           into
           Office
           that
           had
           not
           first
           gain'd
           wherewithal
           to
           subsist
           in
           a
           mediocrity
           ;
           for
           else
           it
           will
           be
           but
           giving
           him
           a
           kind
           of
           leave
           to
           cheat
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           damage
           of
           the
           Publick
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Married
           Women
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           let
           there
           be
           care
           taken
           to
           keep
           them
           honest
           ;
           and
           to
           have
           them
           so
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           kept
           retir'd
           ,
           remembring
           ,
           that
           the
           Beginnings
           of
           all
           Corruption
           in
           that
           kind
           are
           slight
           ,
           and
           proceed
           from
           a
           Look
           or
           a
           Salute
           .
        
         
           Let
           one
           Modern
           Abuse
           be
           reform'd
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           Noblemen
           do
           take
           upon
           them
           to
           force
           the
           People
           to
           make
           Agreements
           ,
           Payments
           ,
           or
           Marriages
           ,
           and
           not
           dare
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           the
           Publick
           
           Authority
           ,
           upon
           which
           this
           is
           an
           Usurpation
           :
           If
           this
           be
           not
           remedied
           ,
           't
           is
           enough
           to
           cause
           another
           
             Sicilian
             Vespers
          
           :
           Besides
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           likely
           to
           set
           all
           the
           Nobility
           together
           by
           the
           Ears
           ,
           while
           each
           will
           maintain
           his
           own
           Friends
           and
           Dependants
           .
        
         
           In
           all
           Occurrences
           where
           the
           Publick
           Faith
           is
           engaged
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           inviolably
           kept
           ,
           without
           minding
           any
           present
           advantage
           that
           might
           accrew
           by
           the
           breaking
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           that
           is
           but
           momentaneous
           :
           whereas
           the
           Benefit
           of
           keeping
           Faith
           is
           eternal
           ;
           and
           a
           Prince
           that
           breaks
           his
           Word
           ,
           must
           invent
           a
           new
           Religion
           to
           make
           himself
           be
           believed
           another
           time
           ,
           seeing
           the
           Oaths
           he
           made
           in
           the
           Religion
           he
           professes
           have
           not
           been
           able
           to
           bind
           him
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Nobles
           forbear
           all
           Trading
           ;
           for
           a
           State
           that
           will
           have
           Merchants
           ,
           must
           not
           have
           their
           Governours
           exercise
           that
           Profession
           ,
           
           because
           the
           Merchants
           will
           always
           be
           afraid
           of
           being
           Brow-beaten
           in
           Bargains
           ,
           and
           over-aw'd
           in
           their
           Dealings
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           have
           so
           little
           kindness
           for
           the
           Venetian
           Government
           ,
           have
           not
           a
           more
           odious
           Name
           than
           to
           call
           it
           ,
           
             A
             Republick
             of
             Merchants
          
           .
           By
           an
           Ancient
           Law
           ,
           a
           Nobleman
           tax'd
           with
           Trading
           ,
           cannot
           enter
           into
           a
           Turnament
           ,
           as
           not
           being
           fit
           Company
           for
           Cavaliers
           .
           Merchandise
           may
           in
           a
           short
           time
           either
           extreamly
           enrich
           ,
           or
           totally
           ruine
           a
           Family
           ,
           both
           which
           are
           dangerous
           for
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
           Besides
           ,
           a
           Merchant
           is
           of
           a
           necessity
           in
           some
           measure
           a
           Foreigner
           ,
           while
           his
           Trade
           and
           Interest
           lies
           abroad
           ,
           and
           a
           Nobleman
           ought
           to
           have
           no
           Interest
           nor
           Affection
           but
           at
           home
           .
           If
           Politicians
           have
           taught
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           safe
           for
           a
           great
           City
           to
           have
           too
           sumptuous
           Palaces
           and
           Villas
           in
           its
           Territory
           ,
           lest
           the
           fear
           of
           losing
           of
           them
           should
           incline
           them
           to
           
           yield
           the
           very
           City
           to
           a
           potent
           Enemy
           :
           What
           shall
           we
           say
           of
           those
           Nobles
           ,
           who
           ,
           being
           engag'd
           in
           Trade
           ,
           may
           have
           many
           Thousands
           of
           Crowns
           in
           an
           Enemies
           Country
           ?
           In
           the
           beginnings
           of
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           Merchandising
           was
           necessary
           to
           get
           out
           of
           Poverty
           ,
           and
           now
           't
           is
           dangerous
           ,
           as
           being
           the
           Fomenter
           of
           too
           much
           Luxury
           .
           The
           Genoueses
           who
           have
           continued
           the
           Trading
           of
           their
           Nobility
           ,
           have
           but
           small
           Respect
           shew'd
           them
           by
           other
           Princes
           ,
           and
           are
           more
           valued
           one
           by
           one
           than
           altogether
           .
        
         
           Let
           superfluous
           Pomps
           be
           forbidden
           ,
           though
           if
           they
           were
           only
           followed
           by
           the
           Rich
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           of
           use
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           because
           it
           would
           bleed
           those
           who
           are
           too
           sanguine
           ;
           but
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Emulation
           which
           is
           between
           those
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           ,
           the
           permitting
           of
           them
           would
           prove
           ruinous
           to
           many
           Families
           ,
           who
           could
           neither
           avoid
           
           them
           ,
           nor
           go
           through
           with
           them
           :
           And
           whoever
           by
           a
           Punctilio
           of
           Honour
           is
           brought
           to
           the
           necessity
           of
           doing
           more
           than
           he
           is
           able
           ,
           must
           use
           ,
           to
           compass
           it
           ,
           such
           means
           as
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           employ
           .
        
         
           Before
           a
           Law
           be
           made
           and
           promulgated
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           well
           thought
           on
           and
           debated
           :
           but
           being
           once
           made
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           observed
           ,
           and
           the
           
           non-observance
           of
           it
           punished
           ;
           because
           whoever
           suffers
           Disobedience
           in
           small
           matters
           ,
           teaches
           it
           in
           greater
           :
           And
           that
           Nobleman
           who
           thinks
           to
           distinguish
           himself
           by
           slighting
           of
           the
           Laws
           ,
           offends
           both
           his
           Country
           and
           himself
           by
           such
           an
           Example
           ,
           more
           than
           by
           any
           dissoluteness
           he
           could
           be
           guilty
           of
           ,
           because
           he
           directly
           strikes
           at
           the
           Publick
           Authority
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           such
           a
           Custom
           once
           taking
           Root
           in
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           and
           being
           an
           inveterate
           Abuse
           among
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           reform'd
           with
           less
           than
           the
           loss
           of
           the
           Lives
           of
           half
           the
           Body
           .
        
         
         
           If
           there
           be
           an
           occasion
           of
           coming
           to
           some
           Resolution
           that
           may
           be
           thought
           unpleasing
           to
           the
           generality
           ,
           particularly
           in
           point
           of
           Justice
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           given
           out
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           carried
           by
           a
           thin
           Majority
           ,
           that
           at
           least
           they
           who
           were
           against
           it
           ,
           may
           please
           themselves
           in
           thinking
           they
           had
           many
           of
           their
           Opinion
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Secrets
           of
           the
           Government
           be
           kept
           inviolably
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           forget
           that
           Ancient
           Record
           of
           the
           
             Venetian
             Circumspection
          
           ,
           which
           was
           ,
           That
           when
           the
           general
           Carmagnuola
           was
           condemned
           ,
           the
           Resolution
           (
           though
           taken
           by
           Three
           Hundred
           and
           Fifteen
           Senators
           )
           never
           took
           Air
           for
           Eight
           Months
           together
           before
           the
           Execution
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           thing
           that
           the
           most
           absolute
           Princes
           could
           not
           have
           met
           with
           in
           the
           Fidelity
           of
           Three
           or
           Four
           State-Ministers
           ,
           though
           bound
           by
           excessive
           Rewards
           to
           Secresy
           .
           And
           what
           a
           wonderful
           thing
           was
           the
           deposition
           
           of
           the
           
             Doge
             Foscari
          
           ,
           conceal'd
           by
           his
           own
           Brother
           ?
           Certainly
           one
           cannot
           without
           Tears
           observe
           ,
           that
           in
           our
           Times
           so
           great
           a
           Quality
           which
           seem'd
           to
           be
           proper
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Commonwealth
           ,
           is
           something
           altered
           by
           the
           inconsideration
           of
           the
           young
           Nobility
           ,
           who
           ,
           not
           out
           of
           Disloyalty
           ,
           but
           too
           much
           Freedom
           ,
           do
           let
           things
           slip
           from
           them
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           conceal'd
           .
           I
           think
           every
           Venetian
           Nobleman
           ought
           to
           teach
           his
           Children
           the
           use
           of
           Secresie
           with
           their
           Catechism
           ;
           but
           the
           better
           way
           were
           to
           forbid
           all
           talking
           of
           Public
           Concerns
           out
           of
           the
           place
           where
           they
           are
           properly
           to
           be
           deliberated
           on
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           among
           those
           who
           are
           partakers
           of
           the
           Secret.
           
        
         
           Let
           the
           Honours
           and
           Dignities
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           be
           dispensed
           regularly
           ,
           and
           by
           degrees
           ,
           avoiding
           all
           sudden
           Flights
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           dangerous
           :
           To
           see
           a
           Cloud
           enlighten'd
           of
           a
           sudden
           ,
           is
           most
           commonly
           
           a
           sign
           of
           a
           Thunderbolt
           to
           come
           out
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           he
           that
           from
           a
           private
           man
           leaps
           in
           an
           instant
           to
           the
           Port
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           has
           something
           of
           the
           Player
           .
           Honours
           given
           by
           degrees
           keep
           the
           young
           Nobility
           from
           attaining
           them
           before
           they
           are
           ripe
           for
           them
           ;
           and
           we
           may
           observe
           ,
           that
           as
           in
           Physick
           a
           man
           moderately
           Learned
           ,
           but
           well
           Experienc'd
           ,
           is
           safer
           for
           the
           health
           of
           the
           Body
           Natural
           ;
           So
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           a
           man
           often
           employed
           ,
           though
           ,
           perhaps
           of
           less
           acuteness
           ,
           succeeds
           best
           .
           All
           Matters
           of
           Benefices
           are
           very
           properly
           under
           the
           Cognizance
           of
           the
           Great
           Council
           ,
           but
           it
           would
           be
           as
           proper
           to
           take
           away
           all
           Appeals
           to
           the
           Quaranties
           ,
           and
           place
           them
           in
           the
           Senate
           ,
           because
           it
           often
           happens
           ,
           that
           these
           Causes
           are
           to
           be
           decided
           according
           to
           reason
           of
           State
           ;
           and
           those
           
             Quarantia
             Judges
          
           put
           little
           value
           upon
           those
           Politick
           Reasons
           :
           And
           besides
           ,
           it
           
           seems
           a
           great
           incongruity
           ,
           that
           a
           Sentence
           ,
           where
           the
           Person
           of
           the
           Doge
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Signoria
           ,
           both
           intervene
           ,
           should
           afterwards
           be
           lyable
           to
           the
           Censure
           of
           Forty
           Persons
           of
           lesser
           value
           .
           I
           believe
           if
           it
           were
           observed
           to
           chastise
           rigorously
           ,
           but
           secretly
           all
           those
           Lawyers
           and
           their
           Clients
           ,
           who
           carry
           these
           Appeals
           to
           the
           Quarantias
           ,
           the
           use
           of
           them
           would
           be
           less
           frequent
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           they
           would
           be
           forborn
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           forbidden
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           should
           fall
           out
           ,
           that
           any
           of
           your
           Subjects
           should
           procure
           a
           Decree
           in
           the
           Rota
           ,
           or
           Court
           of
           Rome
           ,
           you
           must
           rigorously
           command
           from
           him
           a
           Renunciation
           
             ab
             Impetratis
          
           ,
           else
           all
           beneficiary
           Causes
           will
           be
           devolv'd
           to
           Rome
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           look'd
           upon
           as
           Sacred
           ,
           and
           so
           a
           fourth
           part
           of
           all
           Civil
           Causes
           would
           be
           lost
           for
           your
           own
           Courts
           :
           Auditors
           of
           the
           Rota
           are
           to
           be
           with
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           like
           Bishops
           
             in
             partibus
             Infidelium
          
           ,
           a
           thing
           of
           
           Title
           ,
           but
           without
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Bishops
           of
           the
           Venetian
           State
           be
           always
           praecogniz'd
           in
           the
           Consistory
           by
           a
           
             Venetian
             Cardinal
          
           ,
           without
           the
           Circumstance
           of
           creating
           him
           Special
           Procurator
           ;
           but
           as
           Protector
           ,
           which
           he
           really
           ought
           to
           be
           as
           other
           Cardinals
           brag
           they
           are
           so
           ,
           for
           other
           States
           .
           For
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           ,
           to
           avoid
           these
           procurations
           to
           Venetian
           Cardinals
           ,
           would
           perhaps
           desist
           making
           any
           of
           that
           Nation
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           might
           oblige
           the
           State
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           Strangers
           ,
           which
           in
           time
           would
           also
           prejudice
           the
           pretence
           of
           being
           treated
           as
           
             Crown'd
             Heads
          
           .
           If
           the
           preconisation
           be
           made
           otherwise
           ,
           let
           the
           State
           seize
           the
           Temporalities
           of
           the
           Bishoprick
           ,
           and
           stop
           all
           Pensions
           laid
           upon
           it
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           Cardinal
           Nipote
           should
           make
           the
           Preconisation
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           priviledge
           of
           a
           Venetian
           Nobleman
           ,
           it
           could
           not
           well
           be
           rejected
           .
        
         
         
           If
           it
           should
           ever
           happen
           that
           there
           should
           be
           a
           Pope
           ,
           I
           won't
           say
           a
           Venetian
           ,
           for
           that
           would
           be
           of
           more
           danger
           than
           advantage
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           but
           a
           Foreigner
           well
           inclin'd
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           ,
           then
           would
           be
           the
           time
           to
           obtain
           once
           for
           all
           the
           Grant
           of
           the
           Tenths
           upon
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           as
           once
           it
           was
           got
           under
           Clement
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           whose
           Bull
           is
           unfortunately
           lost
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           troublesome
           to
           get
           it
           renew'd
           every
           Five
           Year
           or
           Seven
           Year
           ;
           and
           it
           would
           be
           a
           Point
           gain'd
           which
           still
           would
           more
           and
           more
           equal
           the
           Republick
           with
           Crown'd
           Heads
           ;
           as
           also
           if
           in
           the
           Titles
           given
           by
           the
           Pope
           to
           the
           Doge
           ,
           there
           could
           be
           gain'd
           the
           Superlative
           ,
           as
           Carissimo
           or
           Dilectissimo
           ,
           as
           is
           usual
           to
           Crown'd
           Heads
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           new
           lustre
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           for
           want
           of
           these
           things
           ,
           and
           also
           because
           that
           never
           any
           
             Venetian
             Nuncio
          
           was
           promoted
           to
           be
           Cardinal
           ,
           is
           look'd
           upon
           at
           
           Rome
           as
           a
           kind
           of
           Third
           Power
           between
           Crown'd
           Heads
           and
           the
           Ducal
           State.
           If
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           all
           this
           could
           be
           gain'd
           by
           the
           State
           from
           a
           Pope
           ,
           there
           might
           be
           some
           return
           made
           ,
           by
           making
           a
           Law
           ,
           That
           Church-men
           in
           Criminals
           should
           not
           be
           judged
           by
           any
           Tribunal
           but
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           ,
           or
           Delegates
           from
           that
           Council
           .
           And
           now
           I
           am
           speaking
           of
           that
           Council
           ,
           I
           cannot
           but
           inculcate
           ,
           That
           all
           means
           possible
           should
           be
           used
           to
           hinder
           an
           Avogadore
           from
           daring
           to
           carry
           the
           Decrees
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           to
           be
           re-view'd
           or
           censur'd
           by
           any
           other
           Council
           :
           but
           rather
           ,
           if
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           any
           Change
           made
           in
           them
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           by
           the
           same
           Power
           that
           made
           them
           ;
           otherwise
           the
           Consequence
           will
           be
           a
           constant
           annihilation
           of
           their
           Decrees
           ,
           and
           a
           manifest
           depression
           of
           the
           great
           Nobility
           ,
           with
           an
           Exaltation
           of
           the
           lesser
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           Authority
           of
           this
           Council
           ,
           I
           have
           this
           more
           to
           say
           ,
           
           That
           I
           could
           wish
           ,
           that
           the
           Delegations
           of
           its
           Power
           were
           less
           frequent
           ,
           with
           great
           regard
           to
           the
           Dignity
           of
           the
           Persons
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           the
           Splendor
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           more
           reverenced
           when
           it
           is
           least
           communicated
           ,
           like
           the
           Sun-beams
           ,
           which
           in
           that
           glorious
           Body
           are
           of
           Gold
           ,
           but
           communicated
           to
           the
           Moon
           ,
           are
           but
           of
           Silver
           .
           Indeed
           our
           Ancestors
           would
           have
           deserved
           well
           of
           us
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           lengthened
           the
           time
           of
           this
           Magistracy
           :
           but
           because
           that
           which
           was
           not
           done
           in
           those
           Old
           Times
           ,
           can
           hardly
           be
           hop'd
           in
           these
           Modern
           ones
           ,
           the
           only
           Remedy
           would
           be
           to
           obtain
           a
           Continuation
           of
           the
           same
           persons
           for
           another
           year
           ,
           under
           pretext
           of
           avoiding
           so
           many
           various
           Elections
           in
           so
           short
           a
           time
           as
           must
           be
           made
           by
           a
           Scrutiny
           in
           the
           Pregadi
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           would
           exempt
           the
           persons
           continued
           from
           the
           Governments
           of
           Expence
           ;
           but
           as
           long
           as
           that
           Exemption
           
           did
           not
           extend
           beyond
           a
           year
           ,
           there
           would
           be
           little
           Inconvenience
           in
           it
           :
           And
           if
           it
           be
           objected
           ,
           That
           this
           would
           too
           much
           strengthen
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           it
           lasting
           but
           a
           few
           months
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           of
           ill
           Consequence
           :
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           those
           hands
           are
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           tied
           up
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           at
           liberty
           to
           do
           Justice
           ,
           while
           every
           week
           they
           may
           be
           canvass'd
           and
           teas'd
           by
           a
           Party
           of
           mean
           Persons
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           Conditions
           of
           their
           Mind
           and
           Fortune
           :
           I
           have
           often
           admired
           how
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           (
           having
           already
           all
           the
           Criminal
           Power
           ,
           and
           a
           good
           part
           of
           the
           Judiciary
           in
           Civil
           Causes
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           State-Affairs
           )
           have
           suffered
           themselves
           to
           be
           thus
           fetter'd
           ,
           it
           seeming
           to
           me
           almost
           impossible
           that
           the
           Inferiour
           sort
           should
           at
           the
           time
           of
           this
           Modification
           have
           so
           far
           prevail'd
           over
           the
           middling
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           them
           forget
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           much
           
           better
           obeying
           a
           few
           Great
           Ones
           ,
           than
           a
           Multitude
           of
           Inferiours
           .
           The
           Prudence
           of
           the
           Great
           Ones
           must
           be
           awak'd
           ,
           to
           take
           all
           secret
           advantage
           to
           repair
           these
           past
           Omissions
           by
           means
           not
           easily
           penetrated
           .
        
         
           Let
           Vertue
           be
           esteem'd
           where-ever
           it
           is
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           Eminent
           in
           one
           who
           is
           not
           Noble
           ,
           let
           it
           find
           a
           Regard
           ;
           for
           he
           has
           made
           himself
           Noble
           ;
           and
           all
           Hereditary
           Nobility
           has
           had
           its
           beginning
           from
           some
           personal
           Eminency
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           for
           the
           First
           Head.
           
        
         
           The
           Second
           Head
           ,
           which
           is
           concerning
           the
           Government
           of
           your
           Subjects
           ,
           may
           be
           divided
           into
           those
           who
           confine
           upon
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           in
           your
           Islands
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           first
           ,
           there
           needs
           not
           much
           Speculation
           ;
           for
           they
           confining
           only
           upon
           the
           Turk
           ,
           and
           there
           
           being
           among
           them
           but
           few
           Persons
           of
           Note
           or
           Riches
           ,
           there
           remains
           nothing
           but
           to
           shew
           your selves
           just
           by
           giving
           them
           good
           Rulers
           ;
           and
           there
           you
           ought
           to
           be
           very
           careful
           :
           for
           if
           they
           have
           Justice
           and
           Plenty
           ,
           they
           will
           never
           think
           of
           changing
           their
           Masters
           :
           Those
           few
           of
           Istria
           and
           Dalmatia
           ,
           that
           confine
           upon
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           have
           not
           in
           themselves
           any
           Qualities
           to
           waken
           your
           Jealousie
           ,
           and
           are
           besides
           well
           affectioned
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           For
           your
           Greek
           Subjects
           of
           the
           Island
           of
           Candia
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Islands
           of
           the
           Levant
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           there
           is
           some
           greater
           regard
           to
           be
           had
           of
           them
           ,
           first
           ,
           because
           that
           the
           Greek
           Faith
           is
           never
           to
           be
           trusted
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           they
           would
           not
           much
           stick
           at
           submitting
           to
           the
           Turk
           ,
           having
           the
           Example
           of
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Nation
           before
           their
           Eyes
           :
           These
           therefore
           must
           be
           watch'd
           with
           more
           attention
           ,
           
           lest
           ,
           like
           Wild
           Beasts
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           ,
           they
           should
           find
           an
           occasion
           to
           use
           their
           Teeth
           and
           Claws
           ;
           the
           surest
           way
           is
           to
           keep
           good
           Garrisons
           to
           awe
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           use
           them
           to
           Arms
           or
           Musters
           ,
           in
           hopes
           of
           being
           assisted
           by
           them
           in
           an
           Extremity
           :
           for
           they
           will
           always
           shew
           ill
           Inclinations
           proportionably
           to
           the
           Strength
           they
           shall
           be
           Masters
           of
           ,
           they
           being
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Gally-Slaves
           ,
           who
           ,
           if
           they
           were
           well
           us'd
           ,
           would
           return
           the
           kindness
           ,
           by
           seizing
           the
           Gally
           ,
           and
           carry
           it
           and
           its
           Commander
           to
           Algiers
           :
           Wine
           and
           Bastonadoes
           ought
           to
           be
           their
           Share
           ,
           and
           keep
           Good
           Nature
           for
           a
           better
           occasion
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           those
           Collonies
           ,
           you
           must
           be
           very
           watchful
           of
           them
           ;
           for
           besides
           the
           Natural
           Ferocity
           of
           the
           Climate
           ,
           they
           have
           the
           Character
           of
           Noblemen
           ,
           which
           raises
           their
           Spirits
           ,
           as
           the
           frequent
           Rebellions
           of
           Candia
           
           do
           sufficiently
           evidence
           .
           The
           use
           of
           Colonies
           was
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Roman
           Commonwealth
           ,
           because
           they
           preserv'd
           even
           in
           Asia
           and
           
             Africa
             ,
             Roman
          
           Inclinations
           ,
           and
           with
           them
           a
           kindness
           for
           their
           Country
           .
           If
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           these
           Colonies
           do
           tyrannize
           over
           the
           Villages
           of
           their
           Dominion
           ,
           the
           best
           way
           is
           not
           to
           seem
           to
           see
           it
           ,
           that
           there
           may
           be
           no
           kindness
           between
           them
           and
           their
           Subjects
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           offend
           in
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           't
           will
           be
           well
           to
           chastise
           them
           severely
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           not
           brag
           of
           any
           Priviledges
           more
           than
           others
           :
           It
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           likewise
           to
           dispute
           all
           their
           Pretensions
           to
           any
           particular
           Jurisdiction
           ;
           and
           if
           at
           any
           time
           their
           Nobility
           or
           Title
           be
           disputed
           ,
           it
           will
           do
           well
           to
           sell
           them
           the
           Confirmation
           of
           it
           at
           as
           dear
           a
           Rate
           as
           possible
           :
           and
           ,
           in
           a
           word
           ,
           remember
           that
           all
           the
           Good
           that
           can
           come
           from
           thence
           is
           already
           obtain'd
           ,
           which
           was
           〈◊〉
           the
           Venetian
           
           Dominion
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           future
           there
           is
           nothing
           but
           Mischief
           to
           be
           expected
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Subjects
           of
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           ,
           there
           is
           required
           a
           more
           abstruse
           way
           of
           governing
           ,
           by
           distinguishing
           those
           who
           by
           an
           ancient
           Inclination
           are
           well
           affected
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           
             Brescia
             ,
             Crema
          
           ,
           and
           Bergamo
           ,
           and
           also
           those
           of
           Vicenza
           ;
           for
           to
           them
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           suitable
           returns
           of
           kindness
           made
           upon
           occasion
           to
           the
           others
           ,
           who
           only
           have
           a
           kindness
           of
           Obedience
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           the
           
             Veroneses
             ,
             Padouans
          
           and
           Trevigians
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           good
           to
           make
           shew
           of
           great
           Justice
           towards
           them
           ,
           but
           not
           let
           slip
           any
           occasion
           of
           keeping
           them
           low
           :
           It
           is
           good
           to
           wink
           at
           the
           Fewds
           and
           Enmities
           that
           happen
           among
           them
           ,
           for
           from
           these
           two
           benefits
           arise
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Private
           Discord
           among
           themselves
           ,
           and
           good
           Confiscations
           to
           the
           Publick
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           all
           Extortions
           and
           Oppressions
           committed
           by
           the
           Gentry
           upon
           the
           People
           ,
           be
           severely
           punished
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           may
           be
           affectionate
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           as
           being
           particularly
           protected
           by
           it
           :
           In
           all
           occasions
           of
           Taxes
           and
           Impositions
           ,
           suffer
           not
           any
           Remonstrances
           ,
           remembring
           how
           in
           1606.
           there
           had
           like
           to
           have
           been
           a
           League
           between
           the
           Brescian
           and
           Veroneze
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           obtain
           an
           Abolition
           of
           Imposts
           ,
           and
           with
           what
           boldness
           the
           Brescian
           Embassadours
           made
           their
           Complaints
           in
           the
           Senate
           :
           It
           was
           a
           very
           previous
           Disposition
           to
           a
           Rebellion
           ;
           Therefore
           it
           will
           be
           fit
           to
           let
           them
           know
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           State
           think
           good
           to
           lay
           a
           Tax
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           way
           of
           avoiding
           it
           .
           Those
           who
           in
           the
           Councils
           of
           these
           Towns
           ,
           are
           of
           a
           resolute
           Nature
           ,
           and
           somewhat
           refractory
           to
           the
           Orders
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           you
           must
           either
           ruin
           or
           oblige
           ,
           even
           at
           the
           Publick
           Charge
           :
           For
           a
           small
           Leven
           is
           enough
           
           to
           ferment
           a
           great
           Mass
           of
           Bread.
           
        
         
           The
           Brescians
           have
           a
           Priviledge
           which
           you
           must
           infringe
           upon
           all
           fit
           opportunities
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           
             That
             no
             Estates
             of
          
           Brescians
           
             can
             be
             bought
             but
             by
          
           Brescians
           themselves
           :
           For
           if
           the
           Venetians
           could
           extend
           themselves
           in
           that
           most
           fertile
           Country
           ,
           in
           a
           few
           years
           it
           would
           be
           as
           it
           is
           now
           with
           the
           Padouans
           ,
           who
           have
           scarce
           a
           Third
           of
           their
           own
           Country
           left
           them
           .
           In
           the
           Case
           of
           a
           Rich
           Heiress
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           well
           to
           endeavour
           ,
           by
           all
           fair
           means
           ,
           to
           marry
           her
           with
           some
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Nobility
           ,
           to
           enrich
           them
           ,
           and
           impoverish
           the
           others
           .
           Let
           their
           Governours
           be
           chosen
           among
           those
           of
           the
           highest
           Spirits
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Nobility
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           in
           them
           venerate
           the
           Prince
           :
           for
           every
           man
           naturally
           gives
           more
           Credit
           to
           his
           Eyes
           than
           to
           his
           Ears
           .
           Observe
           however
           this
           Caution
           in
           Taxing
           ,
           That
           you
           do
           not
           
           thereby
           hinder
           Plenty
           :
           For
           though
           men
           may
           be
           perswaded
           to
           part
           with
           Superfluities
           ,
           yet
           not
           with
           what
           is
           necessary
           for
           Life
           .
           As
           for
           Employments
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           room
           ,
           omit
           not
           to
           give
           them
           to
           the
           Natives
           ,
           but
           still
           in
           places
           remote
           from
           their
           own
           Dwelling
           ,
           and
           keep
           them
           there
           as
           long
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           lose
           their
           Interest
           at
           home
           .
           If
           there
           be
           Heads
           of
           Factions
           among
           them
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           Exterminated
           any
           way
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           have
           them
           in
           Prison
           ,
           't
           is
           better
           to
           use
           Poyson
           than
           the
           Hangman
           ,
           because
           the
           advantage
           will
           be
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           the
           odium
           less
           .
           You
           must
           have
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           Taxes
           that
           their
           Neighbours
           the
           Milaneses
           undergo
           ,
           and
           still
           let
           those
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Subjects
           be
           something
           lighter
           in
           comparison
           ;
           and
           moreover
           let
           them
           be
           free
           from
           quartering
           of
           Souldiers
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           it self
           the
           heaviest
           of
           all
           Tyrannical
           Oppressions
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           the
           great
           Crimes
           be
           still
           brought
           before
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           ,
           that
           the
           Veneration
           for
           the
           Power
           at
           distance
           may
           be
           greater
           ,
           and
           likewise
           because
           the
           Ministers
           of
           Justice
           will
           be
           less
           subject
           to
           be
           corrupted
           ,
           when
           the
           Criminals
           are
           in
           the
           Prisons
           of
           the
           State.
           Let
           the
           Process
           against
           them
           be
           tedious
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           slowness
           of
           proceedings
           may
           be
           some
           part
           of
           punishment
           :
           But
           for
           the
           Banditi
           ,
           if
           they
           dare
           to
           appear
           in
           the
           State
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           Extermined
           with
           all
           Industry
           ;
           for
           there
           cannot
           be
           a
           greater
           Demonstration
           of
           Contempt
           in
           the
           Subject
           ,
           and
           Weakness
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           than
           for
           a
           Condemned
           Man
           to
           dare
           to
           come
           into
           the
           Dominions
           out
           of
           which
           he
           has
           been
           banished
           ,
           as
           if
           one
           should
           frequent
           another
           man's
           House
           in
           spight
           of
           his
           Teeth
           .
           The
           Bishopricks
           and
           other
           Church-Preferments
           may
           be
           conferr'd
           upon
           the
           Natives
           ,
           first
           ,
           to
           avoid
           the
           Imputation
           
           of
           too
           much
           Avarice
           in
           the
           Venetian
           Nobility
           ,
           if
           they
           should
           take
           all
           Preferments
           to
           themselves
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           In
           order
           to
           debase
           the
           Spirits
           of
           the
           Natives
           ,
           and
           turn
           them
           off
           from
           Arms
           to
           an
           idle
           Life
           :
           Besides
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           a
           kind
           of
           a
           Shadow
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           to
           make
           them
           bear
           their
           Subjection
           the
           better
           .
           But
           as
           much
           as
           it
           may
           be
           convenient
           to
           let
           them
           attain
           the
           Degree
           of
           Bishops
           ,
           so
           much
           would
           it
           be
           dangerous
           to
           let
           them
           arrive
           to
           that
           of
           Cardinal
           ;
           for
           then
           they
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           abhor
           the
           Quality
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           since
           those
           who
           wear
           that
           Purple
           have
           usurp'd
           the
           Precedency
           even
           over
           Princes
           .
        
         
           Let
           every
           City
           have
           the
           making
           of
           their
           own
           Gentry
           by
           their
           Common-Council
           ;
           for
           that
           will
           make
           it
           so
           much
           the
           meaner
           ;
           but
           still
           let
           them
           be
           bound
           to
           have
           the
           Confirmation
           from
           the
           Senate
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           all
           those
           Families
           who
           apply
           themselves
           to
           the
           Service
           of
           Foreign
           Princes
           ,
           be
           upon
           all
           occasions
           slighted
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           all
           countenanced
           by
           the
           Government
           ,
           intimating
           to
           them
           by
           that
           silent
           notice
           ,
           That
           he
           deserves
           little
           of
           his
           own
           Prince
           who
           seeks
           Employment
           with
           a
           Foreign
           one
           :
           And
           if
           any
           of
           these
           who
           have
           serv'd
           abroad
           ,
           should
           be
           so
           bold
           ,
           as
           to
           contend
           with
           a
           Venetian
           Nobleman
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           at
           Venice
           ,
           let
           the
           Punishment
           be
           severe
           ,
           if
           he
           be
           in
           the
           wrong
           ;
           but
           if
           it
           is
           in
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           gentle
           ,
           that
           the
           Opinion
           of
           the
           Publick
           Justice
           may
           be
           advantageously
           insinuated
           to
           the
           People
           ;
           and
           likewise
           ,
           that
           the
           Noble
           Venetians
           themselves
           may
           avoid
           Contests
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           not
           more
           immediately
           protected
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Citadels
           of
           the
           Chief
           Cities
           be
           well
           provided
           ,
           as
           much
           against
           a
           Foreign
           Enemy
           ,
           as
           to
           chastise
           a
           Rebellion
           at
           home
           ,
           nothing
           
           so
           much
           inclining
           to
           offend
           ,
           as
           the
           hopes
           of
           Impunity
           :
           and
           it
           may
           indeed
           be
           said
           ,
           That
           if
           Men
           were
           certain
           of
           a
           punishment
           to
           follow
           ,
           they
           would
           never
           offend
           at
           all
           ;
           but
           a
           Prince
           that
           is
           sufficiently
           provided
           ,
           is
           sufficiently
           safe
           .
           Remember
           ,
           that
           as
           it
           is
           very
           hard
           to
           find
           either
           a
           Wife
           or
           a
           Monk
           ,
           that
           one
           time
           or
           another
           have
           not
           repented
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           Natural
           Liberty
           ,
           so
           the
           same
           may
           be
           said
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           who
           fancy
           that
           they
           have
           parted
           with
           more
           of
           that
           they
           were
           born
           to
           than
           was
           necessary
           for
           their
           well-being
           .
           And
           let
           this
           suffice
           for
           the
           Second
           Head.
           
        
         
           Coming
           now
           to
           those
           several
           Princes
           with
           whom
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           may
           have
           Concerns
           ,
           we
           will
           begin
           with
           the
           Pope
           ,
           as
           being
           the
           first
           in
           Dignity
           ,
           if
           not
           in
           Power
           .
        
         
         
           And
           here
           we
           must
           have
           a
           Two-fold
           Consideration
           ,
           he
           being
           to
           be
           look'd
           upon
           as
           a
           Spiritual
           and
           as
           a
           Temporal
           Prince
           .
           There
           has
           been
           some
           Advertisements
           given
           already
           about
           his
           Spiritual
           Power
           :
           We
           will
           add
           here
           what
           was
           then
           omitted
           :
        
         
           First
           ,
           We
           must
           admire
           the
           wonderful
           State
           of
           that
           Monarchy
           ,
           which
           from
           a
           mean
           and
           persecuted
           Condition
           ,
           for
           the
           Series
           of
           many
           years
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           very
           Exercise
           of
           Religion
           was
           punished
           with
           Death
           ,
           is
           arriv'd
           to
           so
           much
           Greatness
           ,
           that
           all
           Regal
           Dignities
           of
           the
           same
           Communion
           ,
           pay
           Homage
           to
           this
           Spiritual
           Monarch
           ,
           by
           the
           kissing
           of
           his
           Feet
           .
           God
           Almighty
           has
           been
           pleased
           this
           way
           to
           shew
           the
           Reward
           of
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           by
           raising
           to
           the
           Supreamest
           Greatness
           the
           Institutors
           and
           Ministers
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           the
           Piety
           of
           Christian
           Princes
           has
           very
           much
           
           tributed
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           first
           was
           Constantine
           :
           This
           Emperor
           not
           only
           embrac'd
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           but
           enrich'd
           the
           Church
           extreamly
           ,
           and
           since
           his
           time
           several
           other
           Emperors
           and
           Kings
           have
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           vied
           with
           one
           another
           ,
           who
           should
           give
           most
           :
           But
           that
           which
           is
           most
           inscrutable
           is
           ,
           how
           with
           their
           Riches
           they
           came
           to
           give
           away
           also
           their
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Power
           .
        
         
           For
           six
           hundred
           years
           after
           the
           coming
           of
           Christ
           the
           Popes
           were
           always
           confirmed
           by
           the
           Emperors
           ,
           or
           in
           their
           steads
           ,
           by
           the
           Exarcks
           of
           Ravenna
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           very
           Patent
           of
           Confirmation
           there
           was
           always
           written
           these
           Words
           ,
           
             Regnante
             Tali
             Domino
             Nostro
          
           .
           In
           the
           year
           518.
           the
           Emperor
           Justinus
           sent
           from
           Constantinople
           his
           Embassadors
           to
           Pope
           Hormisda
           ,
           to
           confirm
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Apostolical
           Sea
           ,
           and
           to
           announce
           Peace
           to
           the
           Church
           .
           In
           684.
           
           Constantine
           the
           
           Second
           gave
           to
           Benedictus
           the
           Second
           a
           Concession
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           the
           Election
           of
           Popes
           should
           be
           made
           by
           the
           Clergy
           and
           People
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           should
           not
           need
           the
           Confirmation
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           nor
           of
           the
           Exarck
           ,
           not
           reflecting
           ,
           that
           the
           holiness
           of
           those
           times
           might
           come
           to
           change
           it self
           into
           an
           Interest
           of
           State.
           Bonifacius
           the
           Third
           obtained
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Phocas
           ,
           that
           all
           other
           Christian
           Churches
           might
           be
           obedient
           to
           the
           Roman
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           708.
           
           Justinus
           the
           Second
           was
           the
           first
           that
           submitted
           to
           kiss
           the
           Pope's
           Feet
           ;
           and
           that
           Pope's
           Name
           was
           Constantine
           :
           But
           Adrian
           the
           first
           having
           received
           great
           Favours
           from
           Charles
           the
           first
           ,
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           did
           in
           a
           Council
           of
           One
           Hundred
           and
           Fifty
           Three
           Bishops
           ,
           confer
           upon
           him
           the
           Authority
           of
           chusing
           the
           Popes
           ,
           which
           was
           about
           the
           year
           773.
           a
           Priviledge
           which
           his
           Son
           
             Lewis
             the
             Pious
          
           knew
           not
           
           how
           to
           keep
           ,
           but
           parted
           with
           it
           for
           the
           imaginary
           Title
           of
           Pi●us
           ;
           to
           which
           might
           be
           added
           that
           of
           Simple
           .
           Howsoever
           scandalous
           the
           Emperours
           were
           in
           their
           Lives
           ,
           the
           Popes
           did
           use
           to
           bear
           with
           them
           ,
           referring
           to
           God
           Almighty
           the
           punishment
           of
           them
           :
           But
           in
           the
           year
           713.
           
           Philip
           ,
           Emperour
           of
           Constantinople
           ,
           being
           fallen
           into
           Heresy
           ,
           was
           Excommunicated
           by
           Pope
           Constantine
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           Reward
           due
           for
           all
           the
           Honours
           and
           Priviledges
           given
           by
           his
           Predecessors
           to
           the
           Popes
           .
           This
           was
           the
           very
           first
           time
           that
           the
           Imperial
           Power
           was
           forc'd
           to
           stoop
           to
           the
           Papal
           ;
           and
           yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Church
           of
           Milan
           claim'd
           an
           Independency
           from
           the
           Roman
           ,
           and
           maintain'd
           it
           for
           above
           Two
           Hundred
           Years
           ,
           being
           countenanc'd
           by
           the
           Emperours
           ,
           who
           often
           came
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           absence
           hy
           the
           Exarcks
           of
           Ravenna
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           in
           the
           year
           1057.
           it
           yielded
           up
           the
           Contest
           to
           Pope
           Stephen
           
           the
           Ninth
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1143.
           
           Celestin
           the
           Second
           was
           the
           first
           Pope
           chosen
           by
           Cardinals
           in
           Exclusion
           to
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           made
           this
           Narration
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           appear
           by
           what
           Degrees
           this
           Spiritual
           Monarchy
           has
           increased
           ;
           and
           in
           it
           ,
           the
           Goodness
           of
           Christian
           Princes
           is
           not
           more
           to
           be
           admired
           than
           the
           Dexterity
           of
           the
           Popes
           ,
           in
           not
           omitting
           any
           occasion
           to
           gain
           ground
           .
        
         
           At
           present
           the
           Emperour
           is
           chosen
           by
           a
           Pontifical
           Bull
           ,
           where
           the
           Power
           of
           Election
           is
           committed
           to
           the
           Three
           Ecclesiastical
           ,
           and
           Four
           Secular
           Electors
           ,
           with
           an
           Obligation
           nevertheless
           in
           the
           Emperour
           chosen
           ,
           to
           receive
           his
           Confirmation
           and
           Coronation
           from
           the
           Pope
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           Subject
           is
           at
           last
           become
           Prince
           over
           his
           own
           Prince
           ,
           not
           without
           some
           reflection
           of
           Weakness
           upon
           Otho
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           Emperour
           of
           Germany
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           year
           994.
           agreed
           with
           Pope
           Gregory
           to
           
           settle
           the
           Election
           in
           this
           manner
           ,
           for
           the
           Honour
           (
           as
           he
           thought
           )
           of
           the
           German
           Nation
           ,
           but
           with
           great
           Diminution
           of
           the
           Imperial
           Dignity
           .
           To
           this
           Grandeur
           of
           the
           Papacy
           ,
           if
           we
           add
           that
           of
           having
           subjected
           to
           its
           power
           all
           the
           other
           Bishops
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           obtain'd
           to
           be
           own'd
           the
           first
           of
           all
           the
           Patriarchs
           ,
           who
           long
           contested
           its
           Primacy
           .
           I
           say
           ,
           so
           high
           a
           Power
           ought
           to
           make
           all
           other
           well-govern'd
           States
           very
           wary
           in
           their
           proceedings
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           a
           careful
           Eye
           upon
           all
           those
           occasions
           wherein
           the
           pontifical
           Authority
           may
           be
           still
           enlarged
           ,
           because
           't
           is
           observed
           ,
           that
           all
           Courtesies
           and
           Favours
           of
           Princes
           are
           in
           that
           Court
           turn'd
           to
           Debts
           and
           Claims
           in
           the
           space
           of
           a
           few
           years
           ;
           and
           to
           obtain
           the
           possession
           ,
           they
           do
           not
           spare
           for
           Exorcisms
           and
           
           Anathema's
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           one
           Custom
           ,
           or
           rather
           Abuse
           introduc'd
           in
           that
           Court
           ,
           
           which
           deserves
           great
           consideration
           from
           Princes
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           power
           the
           Pope
           has
           assum'd
           of
           deposing
           Princes
           and
           Soveraigns
           ,
           and
           giving
           their
           Kingdoms
           and
           States
           to
           others
           ,
           under
           pretext
           of
           ill
           Government
           .
           The
           Prodigal
           Son
           in
           the
           Gospel
           did
           not
           lose
           his
           Right
           to
           his
           portion
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           resolv'd
           to
           dissipate
           and
           consume
           it
           viciously
           ,
           because
           that
           Title
           which
           we
           receive
           from
           Nature
           can
           never
           be
           lost
           in
           our
           whole
           Life
           .
           The
           Kings
           of
           Navar
           were
           fain
           to
           go
           Vagabonds
           about
           the
           World
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           a
           Bit
           of
           Parchment
           which
           
             Pope
             Julius
          
           the
           Second
           put
           out
           against
           them
           ,
           whereby
           King
           John
           the
           Second
           lost
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           was
           given
           to
           Ferdinand●
           of
           Arragon
           ;
           and
           had
           not
           providence
           brought
           them
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           no
           mention
           in
           the
           World
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           Navar
           .
        
         
         
           From
           this
           Liberty
           of
           taking
           away
           Kingdoms
           ,
           the
           Popes
           assume
           that
           of
           Erecting
           them
           Pope
           Paul
           the
           Fourth
           made
           Ireland
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           Pius
           the
           Fifth
           Erected
           Tuscany
           into
           a
           great
           Dutchy
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           of
           England
           ,
           was
           deposed
           by
           Paul
           the
           Third
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           usual
           custom
           ,
           her
           Kingdom
           given
           to
           Philip
           the
           Second
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           was
           to
           execute
           the
           Papal
           Sentence
           ;
           but
           he
           met
           with
           the
           Winds
           and
           Seas
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           Ships
           ,
           which
           quite
           defeated
           his
           Armada
           .
           In
           France
           ,
           by
           a
           priviledge
           of
           the
           Gallican
           Church
           ,
           they
           admit
           of
           no
           Bulls
           that
           contain
           Deprivation
           of
           Kings
           ,
           but
           keep
           to
           the
           Right
           of
           Succession
           :
           and
           indeed
           to
           depose
           an
           actual
           King
           ,
           and
           give
           away
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           not
           only
           to
           destroy
           a
           suppos'd
           Delinquent
           ,
           but
           to
           punish
           an
           Innocent
           Successour
           ,
           and
           likewise
           to
           prejudice
           the
           Right
           of
           Election
           in
           those
           who
           have
           it
           .
        
         
         
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           England
           has
           often
           thought
           fit
           to
           make
           it self
           Tributary
           to
           the
           See
           of
           Rome
           by
           the
           Peter-Pence
           ,
           the
           first
           time
           under
           Pope
           Leo
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           and
           more
           remarkably
           under
           
             King
             John
          
           ,
           in
           1214.
           to
           avoid
           the
           Invasion
           from
           France
           ;
           but
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           delivered
           himself
           once
           for
           all
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           refused
           the
           Tribute
           ,
           but
           made
           himself
           amends
           by
           seizing
           the
           Church-Lands
           .
           The
           fresh
           Example
           of
           Paul
           the
           Fifth
           towards
           this
           Republick
           is
           never
           to
           be
           forgot
           ,
           who
           charitably
           would
           have
           govern'd
           another
           bodies
           House
           ,
           under
           pretext
           that
           the
           Master
           did
           not
           understand
           how
           to
           do
           it
           himself
           :
           And
           the
           constancy
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           will
           have
           given
           fair
           warning
           to
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           ,
           how
           they
           undertake
           such
           Quarrels
           ,
           since
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           come
           to
           an
           agreement
           with
           very
           little
           satisfaction
           or
           Honour
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           having
           been
           obliged
           tacitely
           
           to
           give
           up
           their
           claim
           ;
           for
           to
           demand
           peremptorily
           ,
           and
           then
           relinquish
           the
           Demand
           ,
           is
           a
           sign
           it
           was
           not
           well
           founded
           in
           Justice
           ;
           and
           the
           Absolution
           refus'd
           ,
           was
           proof
           enough
           ,
           that
           the
           Excommunication
           was
           void
           in
           it self
           :
           So
           that
           the
           advantage
           that
           has
           accrew'd
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Government
           from
           the
           Contest
           ,
           has
           been
           much
           greater
           than
           the
           damage
           sustain'd
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           If
           ever
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           which
           I
           scarce
           believe
           ,
           there
           should
           happen
           an
           occasion
           of
           an
           Interdict
           from
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           I
           should
           advise
           presently
           to
           post
           up
           in
           Rome
           an
           Appellation
           to
           the
           future
           Council
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           cruel
           blow
           to
           them
           :
           For
           first
           ,
           it
           insinuates
           the
           Superiority
           of
           the
           Council
           over
           the
           Pope
           ;
           and
           secondly
           ,
           it
           revives
           the
           memory
           of
           Councils
           ,
           and
           lets
           them
           see
           they
           are
           not
           things
           quite
           forgot
           all
           the
           World
           over
           .
           If
           there
           be
           
           care
           taken
           to
           examine
           well
           all
           Bulls
           that
           come
           from
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           Observation
           of
           what
           has
           been
           hitherto
           practis'd
           ,
           be
           strictly
           continued
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           hop'd
           ,
           that
           the
           Republick
           shall
           not
           undergo
           any
           greater
           Subjection
           than
           other
           Princes
           ,
           but
           rather
           shall
           have
           some
           Liberty
           above
           them
           ,
           particularly
           more
           than
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           find
           their
           account
           in
           complying
           with
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           Rome
           ,
           because
           they
           receive
           at
           the
           same
           time
           great
           Favours
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           are
           proud
           of
           maintaining
           its
           Authority
           .
           To
           say
           truth
           ,
           the
           Popes
           hitherto
           have
           shew'd
           little
           kindness
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           and
           except
           the
           Priviledges
           granted
           by
           Alexander
           the
           Third
           ,
           which
           serve
           more
           to
           register
           to
           the
           World
           the
           Action
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           in
           restoring
           and
           protecting
           him
           ,
           than
           for
           any
           thing
           else
           :
           For
           the
           Doge
           might
           of
           himself
           without
           the
           Papal
           Concession
           ,
           have
           assum'd
           those
           other
           little
           Ornaments
           
           of
           the
           Ombrella
           ,
           the
           Standard
           and
           the
           Sword
           :
           So
           that
           bating
           the
           Concessions
           of
           the
           Decimes
           upon
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           the
           Nominations
           to
           the
           Bishopricks
           ▪
           this
           Country
           of
           ours
           feels
           but
           slender
           Effects
           of
           the
           Pontifical
           Kindness
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           an
           advantage
           upon
           all
           Occurrences
           of
           Interest
           of
           State
           to
           stick
           the
           closer
           to
           that
           ,
           because
           there
           needs
           no
           Complements
           where
           every
           one
           desires
           but
           his
           own
           .
        
         
           In
           considering
           the
           Secular
           Power
           of
           the
           Pope
           ,
           we
           will
           do
           it
           upon
           Five
           Heads
           ,
           which
           may
           serve
           to
           examine
           all
           other
           Princes
           Interests
           with
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           If
           it
           be
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Republick
           to
           have
           the
           Church
           grow
           greater
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           What
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           the
           Popes
           may
           have
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           What
           Inclination
           ,
           Title
           or
           Facility
           the
           Republick
           may
           have
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           If
           the
           Church
           may
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Princes
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           If
           the
           Church
           can
           unite
           with
           other
           Princes
           ,
           to
           hinder
           the
           progress
           of
           the
           Arme
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           To
           begin
           with
           the
           First
           ,
           we
           will
           answer
           with
           a
           General
           Rule
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           it
           never
           is
           advantageous
           to
           a
           Prince
           ,
           who
           desires
           to
           remain
           free
           and
           powerful
           ,
           to
           let
           another
           grow
           great
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           to
           lessen
           a
           Third
           ,
           who
           is
           greater
           than
           them
           both
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           that
           is
           thus
           agrandiz'd
           be
           a
           Neighbour
           ,
           his
           advancement
           is
           so
           much
           more
           to
           be
           feared
           :
           These
           Alterations
           indeed
           may
           not
           be
           so
           dangerous
           to
           a
           little
           Prince
           ,
           who
           does
           not
           fear
           depending
           upon
           a
           great
           one
           ,
           to
           avoid
           
           being
           molested
           by
           one
           who
           is
           already
           too
           strong
           for
           him
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           come
           closer
           to
           the
           Case
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           we
           will
           say
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           Church
           could
           make
           it self
           Master
           of
           any
           part
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
           Spain's
           Dominions
           in
           Italy
           ,
           where
           he
           is
           the
           greatest
           Prince
           ,
           they
           might
           hope
           for
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Second
           Great
           Italian
           Potentate
           ,
           because
           by
           that
           means
           the
           Republick
           might
           become
           the
           First
           ;
           and
           however
           ,
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Church
           will
           always
           give
           less
           jealousie
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           than
           the
           Spanish
           Power
           in
           Italy
           ;
           for
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Pontifical
           Principality
           is
           Elective
           and
           Temporary
           ,
           and
           the
           Aims
           and
           Designs
           of
           that
           Court
           vary
           according
           to
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           several
           Popes
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           it
           is
           subject
           to
           long
           Vacancies
           :
           whereas
           the
           Monarchy
           of
           Spain
           is
           successive
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           one
           may
           say
           ,
           Eternal
           ,
           and
           govern'd
           by
           standing
           lasting
           Maxims
           .
        
         
         
           But
           if
           the
           Church
           be
           to
           grow
           great
           by
           the
           Spoils
           of
           any
           other
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Republick
           to
           oppose
           it
           ,
           because
           the
           Damage
           thence
           resulting
           is
           evident
           ,
           and
           the
           Advantage
           dangerous
           .
           It
           ought
           to
           be
           well
           consider'd
           ,
           how
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           is
           increased
           in
           this
           last
           Century
           .
           The
           custom
           that
           was
           in
           the
           Church
           before
           ,
           to
           give
           Infeodations
           upon
           slight
           Acknowledgments
           ,
           had
           brought
           that
           power
           to
           be
           more
           of
           show
           than
           real
           strength
           ;
           but
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           succeeding
           Alexander
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           made
           Borgia
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Volentine
           ,
           Nephew
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           who
           had
           seiz'd
           upon
           all
           those
           Infeodations
           in
           Romania
           ,
           refund
           them
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           added
           to
           them
           the
           conquest
           of
           Bologna
           ,
           and
           got
           also
           from
           the
           Republick
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Cervia
             ,
             Rimini
             ,
             Ravenna
             ,
             Faenza
             ,
             Imola
             ,
          
           and
           others
           ,
           to
           which
           ,
           under
           Clement
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           was
           added
           the
           whole
           Dutchy
           of
           
           Ferrara
           ,
           and
           lately
           that
           of
           Vrbin
           :
           So
           that
           these
           Acquisitions
           alone
           would
           make
           up
           a
           great
           Principality
           :
           and
           the
           Church
           seems
           to
           want
           nothing
           towards
           the
           making
           of
           it
           the
           most
           considerable
           power
           of
           Italy
           ,
           than
           the
           addition
           of
           Parma
           and
           Piacenza
           ,
           and
           some
           little
           Independent
           Castles
           in
           the
           Territories
           about
           Rome
           :
           Besides
           ,
           it
           can
           never
           more
           be
           lessen'd
           by
           Infeodations
           ,
           that
           being
           quite
           left
           off
           by
           that
           Court
           :
           So
           that
           to
           let
           the
           Church
           grow
           any
           greater
           in
           Italy
           ,
           generally
           speaking
           ,
           cannot
           be
           for
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Second
           Point
           ,
           
             What
             Title
             ,
             Inclination
             or
             Facility
             the
             Church
             may
             have
             to
             acquire
             any
             portion
             of
             the
             State
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
          
           we
           shall
           say
           ,
           That
           since
           the
           Court
           makes
           profession
           of
           the
           Extreamest
           Justice
           ,
           and
           that
           likewise
           they
           are
           loth
           to
           begin
           the
           Example
           of
           Princes
           usurping
           upon
           one
           another
           ,
           
           I
           think
           they
           can
           hardly
           set
           up
           any
           Title
           but
           upon
           the
           Polesine
           of
           Rovigo
           ,
           which
           they
           say
           was
           formerly
           annex'd
           to
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Ferrara
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           times
           that
           the
           Dispute
           was
           between
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Ferrara
           and
           the
           Republick
           ,
           the
           Popes
           always
           shewed
           themselves
           smart
           Defenders
           of
           the
           Dukes
           :
           Of
           Four
           Interdicts
           published
           by
           the
           Church
           against
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           Two
           of
           them
           were
           for
           this
           very
           cause
           ,
           the
           first
           in
           the
           year
           1305.
           the
           Second
           in
           the
           year
           1483.
           under
           Sixtus
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           indeed
           the
           Republick
           had
           taken
           the
           whole
           Dutchy
           of
           Ferrara
           ,
           by
           the
           Instigation
           of
           the
           Pope
           himself
           ;
           but
           he
           being
           Friends
           with
           the
           Duke
           ,
           commanded
           them
           to
           restore
           what
           they
           had
           taken
           ,
           which
           they
           refusing
           to
           do
           ,
           he
           fulminated
           his
           Excommunication
           and
           Interdict
           ;
           but
           a
           Peace
           following
           ,
           the
           Republick
           kept
           by
           agreement
           the
           Polesine
           of
           Rovigo
           :
           The
           Third
           Interdict
           
           was
           in
           1505.
           under
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           because
           the
           Republick
           had
           several
           Cities
           of
           Romania
           in
           their
           possessions
           ,
           and
           the
           last
           of
           all
           was
           now
           lately
           under
           Paul
           the
           Fifth
           :
           So
           that
           if
           the
           Popes
           shewed
           such
           a
           concern
           for
           the
           thing
           when
           it
           was
           only
           belonging
           to
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Ferrara
           ,
           much
           more
           would
           they
           do
           it
           now
           when
           the
           profit
           would
           be
           their
           own
           :
           So
           that
           we
           may
           believe
           that
           as
           to
           this
           they
           do
           own
           a
           Title
           ,
           and
           have
           likewise
           inclination
           enough
           to
           regain
           this
           bit
           of
           Territory
           that
           is
           lopp'd
           off
           from
           them
           .
           We
           are
           therefore
           to
           consider
           what
           Facility
           they
           have
           to
           do
           it
           ;
           and
           I
           do
           not
           believe
           that
           ever
           of
           themselves
           they
           will
           kindle
           the
           fire
           ,
           but
           make
           advantage
           of
           one
           ready
           kindled
           by
           some
           other
           ,
           as
           it
           happened
           under
           Julius
           the
           Second
           :
           Nay
           ,
           if
           they
           reflect
           upon
           the
           great
           Rule
           of
           preserving
           the
           Liberty
           of
           Italy
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           for
           so
           small
           a
           matter
           enter
           
           into
           a
           League
           against
           the
           Republick
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           of
           greater
           concern
           to
           them
           not
           to
           break
           the
           Ballance
           of
           Dominion
           in
           Italy
           ,
           lest
           the
           Tramontani
           should
           take
           advantage
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           subdue
           all
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           very
           Reason
           was
           strong
           in
           Pope
           Julius
           the
           Second's
           time
           ,
           and
           yet
           was
           without
           Effect
           in
           a
           Mind
           bent
           all
           upon
           particular
           Interest
           ;
           wherefore
           I
           conclude
           ,
           that
           we
           are
           not
           to
           expect
           greater
           Temper
           in
           the
           Modern
           Popes
           ,
           but
           ought
           to
           rest
           satisfied
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           powerful
           Foreign
           Prince
           should
           promise
           them
           the
           acquisition
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           they
           would
           embrace
           the
           motion
           without
           delay
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Third
           Question
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           the
           Republick
           might
           have
           just
           Reason
           to
           make
           themselves
           amends
           for
           the
           Country
           they
           lost
           in
           Romagna
           ,
           it
           not
           being
           a
           thing
           they
           had
           usurp'd
           from
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           a
           voluntary
           Dedition
           of
           those
           Cities
           who
           were
           tyranniz'd
           over
           by
           
           little
           Tyrants
           ,
           that
           had
           taken
           occasion
           from
           the
           Negligence
           of
           Popes
           to
           make
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           those
           places
           :
           They
           were
           yielded
           up
           by
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           take
           off
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           great
           Fomentour
           of
           the
           Fire
           which
           was
           kindled
           against
           the
           Venetians
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           ,
           where
           the
           Forces
           of
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           Christendom
           were
           united
           against
           them
           ;
           and
           without
           doubt
           ,
           upon
           good
           circumstances
           the
           Republick
           might
           justifie
           the
           re-taking
           of
           these
           Towns
           ;
           and
           I
           believe
           there
           is
           Inclination
           enough
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           all
           Princes
           being
           willing
           to
           extend
           their
           Territories
           ;
           but
           the
           point
           is
           the
           Facility
           of
           doing
           it
           ,
           which
           I
           think
           altogether
           remote
           ;
           for
           all
           other
           Italian
           Princes
           ,
           if
           not
           out
           of
           conscience
           ,
           yet
           out
           of
           Ostentation
           of
           Religion
           ,
           would
           be
           backward
           to
           fall
           upon
           the
           Church
           ;
           and
           except
           it
           should
           happen
           that
           some
           one
           of
           them
           should
           grow
           too
           powerful
           for
           
           all
           the
           others
           united
           ,
           and
           so
           be
           able
           to
           right
           himself
           ,
           I
           think
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           need
           not
           fear
           being
           lessen'd
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Fourth
           Question
           ,
           I
           answer
           in
           the
           Negative
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           believe
           that
           the
           Church
           would
           joyn
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           except
           it
           were
           such
           a
           one
           as
           the
           Church
           had
           a
           pretence
           upon
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           would
           keep
           all
           ,
           which
           would
           not
           please
           the
           Republick
           :
           Besides
           ,
           we
           ought
           to
           reflect
           upon
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           Popedom
           ,
           which
           being
           Elective
           ,
           most
           commonly
           the
           Popes
           have
           no
           other
           aim
           than
           to
           keep
           all
           quiet
           ,
           and
           preserve
           the
           general
           Respect
           of
           Princes
           towards
           them
           ,
           that
           in
           that
           decrepit
           Age
           they
           may
           make
           their
           Families
           ,
           their
           thoughts
           being
           far
           from
           enlarging
           a
           Dominion
           which
           they
           expect
           to
           leave
           every
           day
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           all
           the
           ready
           Money
           ,
           which
           else
           they
           might
           
           lay
           up
           ,
           would
           go
           upon
           projects
           of
           a
           very
           uncertain
           Event
           :
           And
           't
           is
           a
           wonderful
           thing
           that
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           being
           of
           a
           very
           mean
           Birth
           ,
           should
           have
           had
           so
           great
           a
           Sence
           of
           the
           Publick
           Interest
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           as
           to
           forego
           all
           his
           private
           concerns
           ,
           and
           take
           the
           Empty
           Praises
           of
           his
           Courtiers
           in
           payment
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           such
           real
           advantages
           as
           he
           might
           have
           made
           to
           his
           Family
           .
        
         
           The
           last
           Query
           depends
           ,
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           ,
           upon
           the
           others
           .
           I
           do
           not
           think
           it
           would
           be
           easie
           to
           concert
           the
           Union
           of
           the
           Pope
           with
           other
           Princes
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           attack
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           it
           will
           never
           be
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Church
           to
           increase
           the
           power
           of
           that
           other
           Prince
           ;
           neither
           will
           it
           look
           like
           the
           Justice
           they
           profess
           ,
           to
           take
           to
           themselves
           alone
           the
           Spoils
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           upon
           a
           Country
           on
           which
           they
           have
           a
           pretence
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           in
           those
           noysie
           Excommunications
           
           where
           they
           deprive
           Princes
           of
           their
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           give
           them
           to
           others
           that
           can
           take
           them
           ,
           there
           might
           be
           some
           danger
           ;
           but
           they
           are
           seldom
           practiz'd
           but
           in
           an
           Attempt
           made
           by
           a
           Prince
           upon
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           is
           never
           to
           be
           feared
           from
           the
           Piety
           and
           Moderation
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
           There
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           the
           Church
           would
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           to
           hinder
           any
           progress
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           particularly
           against
           any
           Dependant
           of
           theirs
           ;
           and
           also
           in
           case
           the
           Republick
           attack'd
           some
           small
           Prince
           ,
           the
           Popes
           ,
           to
           affect
           the
           protection
           of
           the
           weak
           ,
           would
           declare
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Republick
           had
           to
           do
           with
           a
           strong
           Prince
           ,
           the
           Church
           would
           look
           on
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           greatning
           too
           much
           that
           Prince
           ,
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           the
           Republick
           can
           lay
           claim
           to
           none
           of
           those
           Old
           ticklish
           Titles
           which
           some
           other
           Princes
           might
           set
           a-foot
           against
           the
           Church
           .
           And
           so
           much
           for
           the
           Pope
           .
        
         
         
           
             Now
             let
             us
             come
             to
             the
             Emperour
             :
             The
             Republick
             must
             never
             forget
             that
             Maxim
             which
             is
             common
             to
             all
             Princes
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Empire
             ,
             which
             is
             ,
          
           That
           it
           is
           not
           convenient
           for
           them
           to
           see
           the
           Emperour
           made
           more
           powerful
           ,
           lest
           he
           renew
           those
           antiquated
           Titles
           he
           has
           to
           most
           Dominions
           near
           him
           ,
           and
           particularly
           in
           Italy
           .
        
         
           The
           power
           of
           the
           Roman
           Commonwealth
           ,
           which
           extended
           almost
           over
           all
           the
           known
           World
           ,
           being
           at
           last
           usurp'd
           by
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           from
           him
           deriv'd
           to
           a
           long
           Series
           of
           succeeding
           Emperours
           ,
           might
           give
           the
           German
           Emperour
           a
           pretext
           to
           reckon
           with
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           Europe
           ,
           if
           he
           were
           strong
           enough
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           many
           who
           wear
           Crowns
           ,
           would
           be
           reduc'd
           to
           Beggary
           ;
           therefore
           't
           is
           best
           to
           keep
           him
           in
           his
           cold
           Country
           of
           Germany
           ,
           where
           mens
           Spirits
           are
           benumm'd
           ,
           and
           less
           undertaking
           .
           The
           Republick
           has
           
           Reason
           to
           distrust
           him
           upon
           many
           Heads
           ;
           as
           Emperour
           he
           has
           pretences
           upon
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Frioul
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Marca
             Trevisana
          
           ,
           besides
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Trevisa
             ,
             Padoua
             ,
             Vicenza
          
           and
           Verona
           :
           As
           Arch-Duke
           ,
           he
           pretends
           to
           Istria
           :
           As
           King
           of
           Hungary
           ,
           to
           Zara
           ,
           and
           the
           neighbouring
           Country
           :
           So
           that
           his
           Titles
           and
           Neighbourhood
           are
           considerably
           dangerous
           ;
           all
           these
           Countries
           are
           besides
           of
           greater
           Antiquity
           than
           the
           City
           of
           Venice
           it self
           :
           So
           that
           their
           being
           subject
           to
           a
           Metropolis
           of
           a
           younger
           standing
           ,
           gives
           some
           suspicion
           of
           the
           Lawfulness
           of
           their
           Subjection
           .
           All
           these
           pretences
           were
           renewed
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           ;
           Therefore
           I
           think
           ,
           without
           hesitation
           ,
           I
           may
           pronounce
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Republick
           that
           the
           Emperour
           should
           be
           kept
           low
           ,
           both
           for
           General
           and
           Particular
           Reasons
           .
        
         
         
           From
           these
           Reflections
           we
           may
           also
           conclude
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           to
           these
           Titles
           does
           not
           want
           Inclination
           to
           acquire
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Territories
           of
           the
           Republick
           ;
           particularly
           it
           being
           yet
           a
           complaint
           of
           that
           Prince
           ,
           of
           the
           little
           Respect
           show'd
           him
           by
           the
           Republick
           ,
           when
           taking
           advantage
           of
           his
           Distractions
           ,
           they
           Erected
           the
           Fortress
           of
           
             Palma
             Nuova
          
           just
           under
           his
           Nose
           .
        
         
           There
           remains
           therefore
           to
           see
           what
           Facility
           he
           might
           find
           in
           such
           an
           Attempt
           .
           In
           the
           present
           State
           of
           his
           Affairs
           ,
           while
           the
           Faction
           of
           the
           Protestants
           is
           so
           strong
           in
           Germany
           ,
           I
           cannot
           think
           that
           he
           can
           quarrel
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           powerful
           in
           Money
           as
           he
           is
           in
           Men
           :
           For
           in
           length
           of
           time
           't
           is
           certain
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           has
           Money
           may
           have
           Men
           ,
           and
           they
           who
           have
           many
           Men
           must
           consume
           much
           Money
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           being
           so
           near
           a
           Borderer
           upon
           the
           Republick
           ,
           
           it
           may
           give
           him
           the
           more
           confidence
           ,
           because
           a
           lesser
           Number
           will
           be
           necessary
           to
           make
           the
           Invasion
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Enterprize
           be
           not
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           whole
           Empire
           ,
           in
           which
           case
           the
           whole
           German
           Nation
           would
           be
           a
           party
           ,
           I
           believe
           ,
           with
           the
           help
           of
           his
           own
           Patrimonial
           Dominions
           ,
           he
           will
           not
           do
           any
           great
           matter
           ,
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           many
           great
           Heretical
           Princes
           and
           Cities
           of
           Germany
           have
           the
           same
           Interest
           to
           keep
           him
           low
           :
           So
           that
           as
           he
           might
           perhaps
           be
           pretty
           smart
           upon
           an
           Invasion
           or
           Incursion
           ,
           at
           length
           of
           time
           he
           would
           prove
           as
           weak
           to
           hold
           out
           a
           War
           :
           And
           indeed
           this
           was
           the
           true
           cause
           of
           Erecting
           the
           Fortress
           of
           
             Palma
             Nuova
          
           ,
           to
           obviate
           a
           sudden
           Incursion
           of
           his
           Forces
           ,
           and
           provide
           a
           Retreat
           for
           the
           Country-people
           ;
           so
           to
           gain
           time
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           as
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           as
           dangerous
           to
           such
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           if
           he
           have
           not
           some
           body
           to
           furnish
           
           him
           with
           Money
           ,
           will
           get
           but
           little
           ground
           ,
           tho
           his
           Army
           be
           numerous
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Maximilian
           .
        
         
           Now
           whether
           the
           Republick
           has
           any
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Emperour's
           Territories
           ?
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           without
           doubt
           the
           Republick
           has
           pretences
           upon
           Goritia
           and
           Gradisca
           ,
           which
           formerly
           belong'd
           to
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Frangipani
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           little
           while
           was
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Republick
           :
           There
           are
           likewise
           some
           Castles
           in
           Istria
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Coast
           which
           the
           Republick
           claims
           ;
           and
           for
           an
           Inclination
           to
           acquire
           these
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           but
           the
           Republick
           has
           it
           ,
           it
           being
           either
           the
           Vertue
           or
           Vice
           of
           Princes
           never
           to
           be
           without
           it
           :
           But
           still
           the
           great
           consideration
           lies
           in
           the
           Facility
           of
           doing
           it
           ;
           for
           it
           there
           be
           that
           ,
           't
           is
           above
           half
           the
           Title
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           is
           wanting
           ,
           't
           is
           Imprudence
           to
           own
           any
           part
           of
           a
           pretence
           that
           
           must
           remain
           without
           Execution
           .
           I
           believe
           by
           Sea
           it
           would
           prove
           easie
           to
           take
           Trieste
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           places
           ,
           but
           it
           would
           be
           as
           hard
           to
           maintain
           them
           ;
           and
           to
           go
           further
           into
           the
           Land
           ,
           would
           need
           great
           preparatives
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Republick
           :
           whereas
           on
           the
           Emperour's
           side
           ,
           the
           Defence
           would
           be
           easie
           ,
           he
           having
           a
           command
           of
           Men
           :
           So
           that
           except
           in
           an
           open
           War
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           thinking
           of
           any
           strong
           Attempt
           that
           way
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           were
           not
           amiss
           to
           put
           a
           good
           strength
           to
           it
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           which
           always
           must
           one
           time
           or
           another
           be
           succeeded
           by
           Peace
           ,
           some
           of
           the
           Country
           might
           remain
           by
           Treaty
           in
           the
           Venetians
           Hands
           ,
           for
           the
           charges
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           for
           to
           begin
           a
           War
           only
           for
           the
           acquisition
           of
           these
           places
           ,
           would
           not
           be
           a
           Deliberation
           befitting
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           Gravity
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Senate
           :
           It
           would
           be
           better
           to
           watch
           the
           occasion
           of
           some
           Extremity
           
           or
           Pinch
           of
           an
           Emperour
           ,
           which
           often
           happens
           ,
           and
           buy
           these
           places
           ;
           but
           then
           be
           aware
           that
           if
           it
           be
           not
           a
           Patrimonial
           Estate
           ,
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Dyet
           is
           necessary
           to
           the
           purchase
           ,
           to
           cut
           off
           all
           claims
           in
           time
           to
           come
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           as
           hard
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           should
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           in
           Italy
           ,
           because
           ,
           first
           ,
           for
           Spain
           ,
           they
           are
           the
           same
           Family
           with
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           Against
           the
           Church
           he
           will
           declare
           as
           little
           ,
           professing
           a
           great
           Zeal
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           calling
           himself
           ,
           
             The
             Churches
             Advocate
             ;
             Modena
             ,
             Mantoua
          
           and
           Mirandola
           are
           Fiefs
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           Savoy
           and
           Florence
           are
           remote
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           come
           at
           them
           he
           must
           overcome
           greater
           Princes
           that
           are
           between
           him
           and
           them
           :
           so
           that
           this
           Union
           would
           prove
           difficult
           .
           If
           the
           Emperour
           should
           fall
           out
           with
           some
           of
           these
           Dukes
           ,
           his
           Vassals
           ,
           and
           depose
           them
           ,
           it
           might
           happen
           
           that
           if
           Spain
           were
           busie
           elsewhere
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperour
           loth
           to
           take
           the
           trouble
           of
           chastising
           them
           himself
           alone
           ,
           he
           might
           then
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           upon
           condition
           to
           have
           the
           best
           part
           of
           the
           Spoil
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Emperour
           should
           ,
           as
           formerly
           ,
           come
           to
           a
           great
           Rupture
           with
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           employ
           heartily
           his
           power
           in
           the
           Quarrel
           ▪
           't
           is
           not
           impossible
           but
           he
           might
           be
           willing
           to
           engage
           the
           Republick
           by
           a
           promise
           of
           some
           part
           of
           the
           conquest
           .
           I
           think
           in
           any
           other
           way
           't
           is
           not
           probable
           to
           make
           any
           advantage
           of
           the
           Imperial
           Assistance
           .
        
         
           The
           last
           Question
           is
           ,
           
             Whether
             he
             can
             unite
             with
             others
             against
             the
             Republick
             ?
          
           And
           of
           this
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           :
           For
           if
           Maximilian
           ,
           tho
           infinitely
           oblig'd
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           made
           no
           difficulty
           to
           unite
           in
           a
           League
           with
           Lewis
           the
           Twelfth
           of
           France
           ,
           his
           Competitor
           and
           Enemy
           ,
           whom
           ,
           for
           Injuries
           received
           ,
           he
           had
           
           declared
           a
           Rebel
           to
           the
           Sacred
           Empire
           (
           tho
           Lewis
           laugh'd
           at
           that
           Imaginary
           Jurisdiction
           )
           :
           I
           say
           ,
           if
           he
           could
           submit
           to
           joyn
           with
           so
           suspected
           a
           power
           ,
           much
           less
           would
           the
           Emperour
           now
           scruple
           the
           uniting
           either
           with
           Spain
           or
           the
           Pope
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Princes
           of
           Italy
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           to
           acquire
           Territory
           ,
           but
           even
           for
           bare
           Money
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           offer'd
           him
           .
           With
           France
           I
           believe
           the
           Union
           would
           not
           be
           so
           easie
           as
           it
           was
           then
           ,
           because
           now
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           being
           partial
           for
           Spain
           ,
           if
           their
           Interest
           did
           not
           concur
           ,
           they
           would
           hinder
           him
           from
           being
           drawn
           away
           by
           any
           hopes
           or
           promises
           :
           But
           this
           will
           appear
           better
           when
           we
           come
           to
           treat
           of
           Spain
           :
           For
           if
           Spain
           will
           have
           a
           League
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           will
           never
           stand
           out
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           come
           to
           France
           :
        
         
           'T
           is
           not
           above
           Fifty
           years
           ago
           that
           the
           Republick
           thought
           themselves
           
           oblig'd
           not
           only
           to
           desire
           ,
           but
           to
           procure
           the
           Greatness
           of
           France
           ,
           because
           being
           under
           the
           phrensie
           of
           a
           Civil
           War
           ,
           it
           threatned
           little
           less
           than
           the
           dissolution
           of
           that
           Monarchy
           :
           The
           Succession
           of
           Henry
           the
           Fourth
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           who
           had
           his
           Title
           from
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           Possession
           from
           his
           Sword
           ,
           reviv'd
           it
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           gave
           it
           such
           vigour
           ,
           that
           from
           deserving
           Compassion
           ,
           it
           came
           to
           move
           Envy
           ;
           and
           if
           a
           fatal
           blow
           of
           a
           mean
           hand
           had
           not
           cut
           off
           that
           Prince's
           Life
           ,
           and
           Designs
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           requisite
           great
           Dexterity
           ,
           or
           great
           Force
           to
           defend
           the
           Republick
           from
           them
           .
           The
           
             Count
             de
             Fuentes
          
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Milan
           ,
           us'd
           to
           brag
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           such
           Musick
           as
           should
           make
           those
           dance
           who
           had
           no
           mind
           to
           't
           :
           Henry
           the
           Fourth
           might
           have
           said
           so
           with
           much
           more
           reason
           ,
           and
           he
           us'd
           to
           affirm
           ,
           That
           at
           the
           pass
           things
           were
           ,
           the
           Neutrality
           of
           the
           Republick
           was
           a
           Coyn
           that
           would
           no
           longer
           
           be
           current
           .
           If
           he
           had
           given
           career
           to
           his
           no
           ill-founded
           Designs
           ,
           half
           a
           World
           would
           not
           have
           suffic'd
           him
           ;
           but
           we
           must
           not
           be
           frighted
           if
           we
           see
           the
           Raging
           Sea
           swell
           in
           Billows
           ,
           and
           look
           as
           if
           it
           would
           swallow
           up
           the
           Earth
           ,
           since
           a
           little
           Sand
           stops
           all
           its
           Fury
           .
           Death
           has
           a
           Scythe
           that
           most
           commonly
           cuts
           off
           all
           the
           Noblest
           Lives
           :
           If
           Henry
           the
           Third
           of
           France
           ,
           had
           brought
           the
           Siege
           of
           Paris
           to
           an
           end
           ;
           if
           Philip
           the
           Second
           had
           not
           had
           the
           Winds
           and
           Seas
           against
           him
           ,
           England
           would
           have
           been
           in
           Chains
           ,
           and
           Paris
           would
           have
           been
           a
           Village
           .
           In
           conclusion
           ,
           the
           Fatality
           of
           Humane
           Affairs
           is
           such
           ,
           that
           most
           great
           undertakings
           are
           disappointed
           by
           unexpected
           causes
           .
           At
           present
           the
           constitution
           of
           France
           is
           such
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           little
           danger
           from
           them
           ;
           for
           during
           the
           Minority
           of
           their
           King
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           enough
           to
           do
           not
           to
           lose
           ground
           ,
           there
           being
           so
           many
           Jealousies
           and
           Factions
           a-foot
           :
           
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           the
           common
           people
           have
           open'd
           their
           Eyes
           ,
           and
           begin
           to
           be
           weary
           of
           spending
           their
           blood
           for
           the
           ambition
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ;
           and
           amongst
           these
           ,
           the
           chiefest
           are
           old
           ,
           and
           at
           their
           ease
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           will
           think
           chiefly
           of
           keeping
           themselves
           in
           those
           Posts
           they
           enjoy
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Maine
           ,
           who
           is
           Head
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Party
           ,
           is
           very
           ancient
           and
           very
           rich
           ;
           wherefore
           if
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           great
           troubles
           ,
           he
           either
           could
           not
           or
           would
           not
           aspire
           to
           make
           himself
           King
           ,
           when
           even
           he
           had
           all
           but
           the
           Name
           of
           it
           ,
           't
           is
           not
           to
           be
           imagined
           he
           thinks
           of
           it
           now
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           will
           be
           content
           with
           the
           State
           of
           a
           Subject
           ,
           he
           is
           as
           great
           as
           he
           can
           be
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Mercaeur
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           Wife
           's
           right
           pretended
           to
           Erect
           Britany
           into
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           at
           last
           dead
           in
           Hungary
           ;
           the
           Duke
           of
           Epernon
           is
           more
           studious
           of
           good
           Husbandry
           than
           Soldiery
           ;
           the
           Duke
           of
           Montpensier
           has
           always
           been
           true
           to
           the
           Royal
           Family
           ;
           the
           Capricios
           
           of
           the
           Marchioness
           of
           Aumale
           ,
           will
           hardly
           have
           any
           Followers
           ;
           and
           it
           will
           be
           well
           if
           she
           can
           clear
           her self
           of
           the
           late
           King's
           Death
           :
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           the
           first
           Prince
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           is
           young
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           mild
           Nature
           ;
           he
           has
           besides
           before
           his
           Eyes
           the
           Example
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           Grandfather
           ,
           and
           Great
           Grandfather
           ,
           who
           all
           perish'd
           unfortunately
           in
           civil
           Broils
           ,
           and
           has
           in
           his
           own
           person
           experimented
           the
           
             Spanish
             Parsimony
          
           ,
           in
           his
           Retreat
           from
           Court
           to
           Brussels
           :
           So
           that
           if
           he
           desires
           a
           greater
           Fortune
           ,
           he
           may
           compass
           it
           in
           France
           ,
           from
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Queen
           her self
           ,
           who
           is
           so
           ill
           a
           Politician
           ,
           as
           to
           try
           to
           put
           out
           Fire
           with
           pouring
           Oyl
           upon
           it
           .
           The
           Hugonots
           are
           weary
           ;
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bovillon
           ,
           their
           Head
           ,
           well
           pleased
           with
           his
           present
           Fortune
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           have
           a
           mind
           to
           be
           a
           Hugonot
           out
           of
           Perswasion
           ,
           and
           not
           Faction
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           body
           will
           hinder
           him
           ;
           but
           most
           of
           these
           great
           men
           have
           Religion
           only
           
           for
           a
           pretext
           ,
           as
           't
           is
           reported
           likewise
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Lesdiguieres
          
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           be
           true
           ,
           they
           will
           never
           be
           quiet
           till
           the
           King
           be
           of
           Age
           ;
           and
           by
           consequence
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           little
           protection
           to
           be
           hop'd
           for
           from
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           Our
           Speculation
           therefore
           may
           more
           certainly
           conclude
           ,
           that
           the
           Greatness
           of
           France
           is
           at
           a
           stand
           ,
           and
           cannot
           in
           the
           space
           of
           some
           years
           make
           any
           progress
           ,
           and
           till
           it
           come
           to
           an
           Excess
           not
           to
           be
           thought
           on
           for
           these
           fifty
           years
           ,
           it
           can
           give
           no
           Jealousie
           to
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           and
           Facility
           that
           France
           may
           have
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Republick's
           Dominions
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           of
           their
           Inclination
           ,
           because
           Princes
           are
           like
           Wolves
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           always
           ready
           for
           prey
           .
           As
           for
           Title
           ,
           they
           can
           set
           up
           none
           till
           they
           have
           conquer'd
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           ;
           and
           Facility
           they
           have
           as
           little
           ,
           because
           they
           cannot
           come
           at
           the
           
           Republick's
           Territories
           ,
           without
           first
           passing
           over
           those
           of
           other
           Princes
           ,
           which
           they
           will
           never
           consent
           to
           ,
           lest
           they
           prove
           the
           first
           conquest
           themselves
           :
           Whereupon
           I
           conclude
           ,
           that
           for
           a
           long
           time
           the
           power
           of
           France
           can
           give
           no
           jealousie
           to
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           And
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Republick
           can
           have
           no
           pretences
           ,
           as
           things
           stand
           ,
           upon
           any
           part
           of
           the
           French
           Territories
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           they
           are
           totally
           Excluded
           from
           Italy
           ;
           and
           if
           there
           be
           no
           Title
           ,
           there
           is
           less
           Inclination
           and
           Facility
           .
        
         
           The
           Union
           of
           France
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           will
           always
           be
           easie
           when
           France
           is
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           mind
           such
           acquisitions
           ;
           the
           past
           Examples
           prove
           that
           sufficiently
           ;
           but
           they
           do
           sufficiently
           bear
           Testimony
           likewise
           of
           the
           danger
           of
           such
           Union
           :
           Now
           that
           the
           French
           are
           totally
           excluded
           Italy
           ,
           they
           would
           agree
           to
           very
           large
           conditions
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           
           and
           allow
           them
           a
           great
           share
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Naples
           and
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           ;
           but
           they
           would
           no
           sooner
           have
           made
           the
           acquisition
           of
           their
           share
           ,
           but
           they
           would
           begin
           to
           cast
           their
           Eyes
           upon
           that
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           and
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           against
           them
           with
           some
           other
           Prince
           ,
           just
           as
           it
           happened
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Lewis
           the
           Twelfth
           ,
           when
           to
           gain
           Cremona
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           first
           that
           consented
           to
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           ,
           deceiving
           all
           the
           while
           the
           Venetian
           Embassador
           at
           Court
           ,
           and
           affirming
           (
           even
           with
           Oaths
           )
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           never
           conclude
           any
           thing
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           sign'd
           the
           League
           above
           six
           weeks
           before
           the
           War
           began
           ,
           which
           he
           exercised
           likewise
           in
           a
           most
           barbarous
           manner
           ,
           hanging
           up
           the
           Noble
           Venetians
           that
           were
           Governours
           of
           the
           Towns
           he
           took
           .
        
         
           I
           believe
           France
           ,
           to
           get
           footing
           in
           Italy
           ,
           would
           engage
           with
           any
           other
           Prince
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           except
           
           with
           the
           Spaniard
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           should
           happen
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           necessary
           to
           stir
           up
           the
           Factions
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           bring
           upon
           them
           some
           powerful
           Neighbour
           ,
           such
           as
           England
           :
           The
           Friendship
           of
           Savoy
           would
           likewise
           be
           useful
           ,
           to
           hinder
           the
           Passes
           of
           the
           Mountains
           ,
           and
           make
           some
           diversion
           in
           Provence
           and
           Dauphine
           ,
           if
           there
           could
           be
           any
           relying
           upon
           this
           present
           Duke
           ;
           but
           he
           is
           a
           Proteus
           ,
           that
           turns
           himself
           into
           many
           forms
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           
           Capricio's
           and
           Humours
           ,
           would
           soon
           empty
           the
           Treasures
           of
           
             S.
             Marc
          
           :
           But
           these
           are
           things
           so
           remote
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           be
           left
           to
           the
           prudence
           of
           those
           who
           shall
           live
           in
           those
           times
           ;
           for
           according
           to
           the
           Times
           there
           must
           be
           alteration
           of
           Councils
           .
           And
           so
           much
           for
           France
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           turn
           to
           Spain
           ,
        
         
           A
           Family
           that
           from
           low
           beginnings
           ,
           is
           come
           by
           Marriages
           to
           the
           possession
           of
           Twelve
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           several
           Dukedoms
           in
           Europe
           ,
           besides
           
           what
           it
           has
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           does
           certainly
           evidence
           a
           great
           Favour
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           joyn'd
           with
           great
           application
           and
           industry
           :
           So
           that
           if
           it
           be
           not
           stopp'd
           by
           Fatality
           ,
           may
           bid
           fair
           for
           an
           Universal
           Empire
           :
           If
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           had
           had
           as
           much
           prudence
           in
           his
           youth
           as
           he
           had
           in
           his
           old
           Age
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           have
           separated
           the
           Empire
           from
           Spain
           ,
           but
           would
           have
           made
           his
           Son
           Philip
           have
           been
           chosen
           King
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           instead
           of
           his
           Brother
           Ferdinand
           :
           He
           understood
           his
           Errour
           ,
           and
           repented
           of
           it
           at
           last
           ,
           trying
           to
           perswade
           Ferdinand
           to
           a
           Renunciation
           ;
           but
           he
           shew'd
           as
           much
           prudence
           in
           keeping
           what
           he
           had
           got
           so
           wonderfully
           into
           his
           Hands
           ,
           as
           Charles
           would
           have
           shew'd
           folly
           in
           going
           to
           deprive
           him
           of
           it
           by
           Force
           .
           Charles
           was
           not
           less
           unhappy
           in
           the
           other
           Act
           of
           Moderation
           he
           shew'd
           ,
           when
           he
           renounc'd
           all
           his
           Kingdoms
           to
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           retired
           to
           a
           private
           Life
           ;
           For
           to
           one
           
           who
           on
           the
           Anniversary
           Day
           of
           that
           Famous
           Action
           ,
           congratulated
           King
           Philip
           for
           his
           Felicity
           ,
           he
           answered
           ,
           That
           Day
           was
           likewise
           the
           Anniversary
           of
           his
           Father's
           Repentance
           :
           So
           that
           Actions
           of
           Moderation
           in
           Princes
           ,
           are
           but
           like
           that
           Insect
           called
           the
           Ephemera
           ,
           which
           lives
           and
           dies
           the
           same
           day
           .
        
         
           The
           Greatness
           of
           Spain
           is
           therefore
           to
           be
           suspected
           ;
           it
           has
           Two
           Wild
           Beasts
           that
           follow
           it
           always
           close
           ,
           one
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Turk
           by
           Sea
           ,
           and
           France
           by
           Land
           ;
           and
           besides
           that
           it
           has
           that
           Issue
           of
           Holland
           ,
           as
           witty
           Boccalini
           calls
           it
           ,
           which
           will
           sufficiently
           purge
           it
           of
           all
           its
           ill
           Humours
           ;
           and
           it
           must
           be
           own'd
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Spanish
           Sagacity
           has
           not
           hindered
           them
           from
           following
           the
           Fable
           of
           the
           Dog
           ,
           who
           forsook
           the
           Substance
           for
           the
           Shadow
           :
           For
           ,
           for
           Forty
           years
           together
           ,
           France
           was
           sufficiently
           taken
           up
           with
           their
           own
           Intestine
           Broils
           ,
           
           during
           which
           time
           Spain
           might
           with
           great
           advantage
           have
           made
           a
           Truce
           with
           Holland
           ;
           and
           having
           likewise
           humbled
           the
           Turk
           ,
           by
           the
           Battle
           of
           Lepanto
           ,
           they
           might
           have
           applied
           their
           whole
           Force
           to
           Italy
           ,
           which
           had
           no
           Defence
           but
           its
           own
           Natives
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           them
           above
           half
           :
           So
           that
           in
           all
           probability
           they
           could
           have
           met
           with
           no
           considerable
           opposition
           .
        
         
           One
           might
           say
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           an
           Effect
           of
           King
           
           Philip's
           Moderation
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           shew'd
           as
           great
           an
           Ambition
           of
           Dominion
           as
           possible
           ,
           in
           endeavouring
           first
           to
           unite
           France
           to
           Spain
           by
           conquest
           ,
           then
           to
           have
           his
           Daughter
           chosen
           Queen
           ,
           and
           lastly
           ,
           seiz'd
           upon
           as
           many
           Towns
           as
           he
           could
           ;
           Therefore
           we
           may
           give
           the
           Italians
           Joy
           ,
           that
           half
           an
           Age
           of
           so
           much
           danger
           passed
           without
           the
           least
           loss
           of
           their
           Liberty
           .
           Now
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           French
           King's
           Minority
           ,
           the
           
           Jealousies
           against
           Spain
           are
           a-foot
           again
           ,
           but
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           not
           with
           so
           much
           ground
           ;
           For
           if
           not
           France
           ,
           at
           least
           England
           ,
           would
           raise
           their
           old
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           particularly
           ,
           if
           the
           Italians
           should
           help
           with
           Money
           :
           So
           that
           if
           Italy
           can
           but
           resist
           the
           first
           brunt
           ,
           it
           may
           hope
           for
           all
           sort
           of
           Relief
           ;
           for
           France
           has
           Forces
           ,
           and
           they
           would
           soon
           have
           a
           will
           to
           succour
           Italy
           against
           Spain
           :
           Neither
           do
           I
           believe
           ,
           that
           Spain
           would
           hazard
           the
           Truce
           with
           Holland
           ,
           it
           having
           been
           compass'd
           with
           such
           Difficulties
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           loss
           of
           much
           of
           their
           Honour
           and
           Fast
           .
           'T
           is
           enough
           ,
           that
           to
           all
           other
           Christian
           Princes
           ,
           except
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           the
           Greatness
           of
           Spain
           is
           of
           ill
           Consequence
           ;
           And
           therefore
           to
           be
           opposed
           by
           all
           secret
           means
           first
           ,
           and
           if
           need
           be
           ,
           at
           last
           openly
           ,
           and
           without
           a
           Mask
           .
        
         
           If
           Spain
           has
           any
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           part
           of
           
           the
           Republick's
           Dominions
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           little
           Difficulty
           to
           answer
           :
           Their
           Title
           would
           be
           upon
           
             Brescia
             ,
             Crema
          
           ,
           and
           Bergamo
           ,
           ancient
           Members
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           :
           And
           these
           Three
           Cities
           are
           so
           considerable
           ,
           that
           with
           their
           Territory
           ,
           they
           would
           perhaps
           make
           up
           as
           rich
           a
           Dutchy
           as
           any
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           except
           Milan
           :
           So
           that
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           ,
           but
           the
           Spaniard
           looks
           upon
           these
           Cities
           with
           an
           Amorous
           Eye
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           Desire
           to
           enjoy
           them
           ;
           there
           remains
           only
           the
           Facility
           of
           doing
           it
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           the
           most
           important
           of
           the
           Three
           Points
           :
           Upon
           this
           Subject
           we
           must
           distinguish
           whether
           they
           will
           make
           the
           Attempt
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           in
           Conjunction
           with
           others
           :
           If
           alone
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Republick
           have
           any
           Great
           Prince
           ,
           either
           Italian
           ,
           or
           Foreigner
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           they
           will
           meet
           with
           little
           Facility
           in
           their
           Designs
           ,
           because
           the
           Republick's
           
           Money
           ,
           joyn'd
           to
           the
           Forces
           of
           another
           Prince
           ,
           can
           give
           check
           to
           almost
           any
           great
           Power
           ,
           and
           particularly
           to
           that
           of
           Spain
           ,
           whose
           States
           and
           Possessions
           are
           large
           ,
           but
           disunited
           ;
           and
           they
           cannot
           but
           be
           afraid
           ,
           that
           while
           they
           are
           busied
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           others
           would
           try
           to
           attack
           them
           in
           a
           more
           sensible
           part
           :
           If
           Spain
           should
           therefore
           unite
           with
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           provided
           the
           Republick
           had
           France
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           much
           hurt
           it
           ,
           because
           the
           Inundation
           of
           the
           French
           into
           Lombardy
           ,
           uses
           to
           be
           both
           powerful
           and
           sudden
           ,
           provided
           they
           be
           called
           in
           by
           an
           Italian
           Prince
           of
           some
           Figure
           ;
           and
           by
           that
           means
           the
           Spaniard
           being
           attack'd
           on
           Two
           sides
           ,
           would
           go
           near
           to
           lose
           his
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           Republick
           united
           only
           with
           some
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           to
           stand
           Spectator
           ,
           as
           might
           happen
           in
           the
           
           Minority
           of
           a
           French
           King
           ,
           particularly
           if
           the
           Spaniard
           had
           the
           Pope
           and
           Emperour
           of
           his
           side
           ,
           I
           doubt
           the
           Republick
           would
           be
           hard
           set
           ;
           for
           that
           other
           Prince
           in
           League
           with
           them
           ,
           cannot
           be
           of
           any
           great
           Force
           ;
           the
           most
           useful
           would
           be
           Savoy
           ;
           but
           besides
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           be
           bought
           very
           dear
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           always
           wavering
           ,
           if
           the
           Spaniards
           tempted
           him
           strongly
           :
           The
           Richest
           would
           be
           Florence
           ;
           but
           his
           Territories
           not
           joyning
           upon
           those
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           there
           is
           little
           good
           to
           be
           expected
           from
           his
           assistance
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           If
           Spain
           will
           fall
           upon
           the
           Republick
           alone
           ,
           and
           the
           Republick
           be
           likewise
           alone
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           as
           to
           the
           State
           of
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           ,
           it
           would
           go
           near
           to
           be
           lost
           ;
           but
           by
           Sea
           the
           Republick
           would
           make
           a
           stout
           Resistance
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           it
           be
           ask'd
           ,
           whether
           the
           Republick
           have
           either
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           any
           
           part
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Dominions
           in
           Italy
           ?
           I
           answer
           ,
           the
           Title
           would
           be
           upon
           Cremona
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           and
           upon
           Travi
           ,
           and
           other
           Ports
           of
           
             La
             Puglia
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Naples
           ,
           the
           Republick
           having
           been
           in
           Possession
           of
           all
           these
           places
           before
           ever
           Spain
           had
           footing
           in
           Italy
           :
           So
           that
           there
           wants
           nothing
           but
           Facility
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           but
           one
           Case
           that
           I
           know
           in
           which
           the
           Republick
           might
           hope
           to
           get
           Possession
           again
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           Republick
           were
           in
           League
           with
           France
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperour
           busied
           by
           the
           Protestants
           of
           Germany
           ,
           then
           some
           of
           these
           Expectations
           might
           be
           fulfilled
           ,
           but
           still
           with
           the
           same
           Jealousie
           ,
           that
           your
           Friends
           should
           at
           last
           joyn
           with
           your
           Enemies
           to
           fall
           upon
           the
           Republick
           ,
           as
           it
           happened
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           .
           And
           this
           answers
           the
           other
           Question
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Whether
           Spain
           
             can
             unite
             with
             any
             other
             Power
             against
             the
             Republick
             ?
          
           'T
           is
           very
           true
           ,
           that
           I
           can
           hardly
           believe
           ,
           that
           the
           Spaniards
           
           would
           ,
           without
           any
           precedent
           broil
           ,
           attempt
           a
           League
           with
           France
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           the
           Damage
           of
           one
           City's
           remaining
           in
           the
           French
           Hands
           ,
           would
           be
           greater
           to
           them
           than
           the
           profit
           of
           taking
           all
           the
           Republick
           has
           in
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           would
           amount
           to
           .
        
         
           Whether
           the
           Spaniard
           may
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           conjoyntly
           in
           Italy
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           if
           it
           be
           against
           an
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           not
           their
           Interest
           that
           the
           Republick
           should
           be
           greater
           ,
           and
           already
           almost
           all
           the
           lesser
           Princes
           are
           Dependants
           of
           that
           Monarchy
           :
           and
           as
           for
           the
           Pope
           ,
           they
           would
           certainly
           help
           him
           ,
           rather
           than
           joyn
           against
           him
           ,
           being
           us'd
           to
           make
           a
           great
           shew
           of
           their
           protecting
           the
           Church
           :
           The
           only
           case
           that
           would
           make
           them
           bear
           patiently
           any
           new
           Acquisitions
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           would
           be
           ,
           if
           France
           should
           make
           any
           progress
           in
           Italy
           .
        
         
         
           After
           all
           ,
           amidst
           so
           many
           well-grounded
           suspicions
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           confessed
           ,
           that
           the
           Neighbourhood
           of
           Spain
           has
           prov'd
           of
           less
           disturbance
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           than
           that
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           who
           had
           those
           Countries
           before
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Milan
           were
           perpetually
           either
           quarrelling
           ,
           or
           ,
           finding
           themselves
           too
           weak
           ,
           were
           inciting
           of
           other
           Powers
           under-hand
           against
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           There
           may
           be
           an
           Union
           likewise
           of
           the
           Republick
           and
           Spain
           by
           Sea
           ,
           against
           the
           Turk
           ,
           and
           by
           Land
           against
           the
           Grisons
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Hereticks
           .
           And
           this
           is
           enough
           for
           Spain
           .
        
         
           Now
           by
           reason
           of
           Vicinity
           ,
           we
           will
           speak
           of
           the
           other
           Italian
           Princes
           :
           It
           would
           be
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Republick
           to
           see
           them
           greater
           ,
           if
           it
           could
           be
           done
           at
           the
           Expence
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           Spoils
           ,
           as
           also
           by
           getting
           from
           the
           Church
           :
           But
           both
           those
           Cases
           are
           next
           to
           impossible
           ,
           
           if
           first
           the
           World
           be
           not
           turn'd
           topsy
           turvy
           ,
           which
           can
           never
           be
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           League
           with
           France
           ;
           and
           then
           if
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           Dominions
           could
           be
           shar'd
           amongst
           them
           ,
           it
           would
           not
           injure
           the
           Republick
           at
           all
           :
           but
           for
           any
           of
           these
           Princes
           to
           grow
           great
           by
           spoiling
           one
           another
           ,
           I
           should
           not
           like
           it
           ;
           for
           the
           advantage
           would
           be
           inconsiderable
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           fire
           would
           be
           kindled
           in
           Italy
           ,
           the
           property
           of
           which
           is
           to
           go
           not
           where
           you
           would
           have
           it
           ,
           but
           often
           where
           you
           are
           most
           afraid
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Whether
           any
           of
           these
           Princes
           have
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           from
           the
           Republick
           ,
           the
           consideration
           will
           be
           short
           ,
           because
           Facility
           will
           be
           wanting
           .
           Mantoua
           has
           some
           pretences
           upon
           Valesa
           and
           
             Peschiera
             ;
             Modena
          
           upon
           the
           Town
           of
           Este
           ,
           from
           whence
           the
           Family
           comes
           :
           But
           all
           these
           little
           Princes
           united
           without
           the
           Pope
           and
           Spain
           ,
           could
           hardly
           give
           a
           disturbance
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           
           because
           the
           Two
           powerfullest
           of
           them
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Savoy
           and
           Florence
           ,
           are
           not
           immediate
           Borderers
           .
        
         
           Whether
           the
           Republick
           have
           either
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           from
           them
           in
           the
           State
           they
           now
           are
           in
           ;
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           the
           House
           of
           Este
           not
           having
           Ferrara
           ,
           the
           Republick
           has
           no
           Title
           to
           either
           Modena
           or
           Reggio
           :
           There
           would
           indeed
           be
           a
           good
           Inclination
           against
           Mantoua
           ,
           because
           he
           lies
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           in
           the
           Bowels
           of
           the
           Republick
           ;
           but
           there
           would
           be
           but
           an
           ill
           Title
           ,
           except
           the
           Republick
           should
           bear
           the
           Charges
           of
           his
           Education
           ,
           while
           they
           were
           his
           Guardians
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           Facility
           would
           be
           small
           ;
           for
           no
           sooner
           would
           the
           Republick
           have
           begun
           the
           Dance
           ,
           but
           others
           would
           come
           in
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           it
           would
           not
           end
           as
           it
           begun
           .
           Of
           the
           other
           Princes
           I
           have
           little
           to
           say
           ,
           the
           Republick
           having
           had
           no
           disputes
           with
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           Genoueses
           ,
           who
           formerly
           set
           
           the
           Republick
           so
           hard
           ,
           have
           done
           as
           the
           Horse
           in
           the
           Fable
           ,
           lost
           their
           own
           Liberty
           ,
           in
           hopes
           of
           being
           victorious
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           are
           by
           that
           means
           out
           of
           power
           to
           hurt
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           Leagues
           these
           Princes
           will
           be
           ready
           to
           make
           them
           either
           with
           or
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           their
           Fortune
           ,
           as
           Princes
           ,
           being
           but
           small
           ,
           they
           will
           let
           slip
           no
           occasion
           of
           mending
           it
           ,
           either
           by
           acquisition
           of
           new
           Territory
           ,
           or
           by
           receiving
           Subsidies
           and
           Pensions
           .
           Florence
           only
           would
           hardly
           be
           mov'd
           by
           that
           last
           motive
           ,
           because
           he
           is
           not
           needy
           ,
           being
           at
           this
           time
           perhaps
           the
           Richest
           Prince
           in
           ready
           Money
           that
           is
           in
           Christendom
           ;
           and
           his
           Riches
           always
           increase
           ,
           because
           the
           Princes
           of
           that
           Family
           do
           yet
           retain
           their
           Ancestors
           Inclination
           to
           Merchandize
           ,
           and
           that
           enriches
           the
           Prince
           without
           damage
           to
           the
           Subject
           .
           The
           Dominions
           of
           the
           great
           Duke
           are
           considerable
           ,
           as
           well
           because
           they
           are
           placed
           
           as
           it
           were
           in
           the
           Navel
           of
           Italy
           ,
           with
           a
           fertile
           Territory
           ,
           all
           united
           together
           ,
           as
           also
           because
           the
           States
           of
           other
           Princes
           are
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           a
           Wall
           and
           Defence
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           besides
           ,
           to
           be
           valued
           by
           the
           Communication
           it
           has
           with
           the
           Sea
           by
           Leghorn
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Maritime
           Fortresses
           :
           So
           that
           if
           one
           were
           to
           reckon
           upon
           any
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           I
           know
           none
           that
           deserves
           so
           well
           ,
           as
           being
           exempted
           from
           the
           temptation
           of
           being
           bought
           ,
           and
           having
           yet
           some
           of
           that
           punctual
           mercantile
           Faith.
           
        
         
           If
           the
           Republick
           will
           have
           a
           League
           with
           any
           of
           the
           other
           Italian
           Princes
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           no
           difficulty
           in
           it
           ,
           provided
           they
           pay
           them
           ;
           but
           withal
           ,
           one
           must
           not
           forget
           the
           witty
           Reflection
           of
           Boccalini
           ,
           when
           the
           Italian
           Princes
           are
           willing
           to
           be
           taught
           manners
           out
           of
           the
           Galateo
           ,
           provided
           that
           it
           may
           not
           look
           like
           ill
           breeding
           in
           them
           ,
           to
           eat
           with
           both
           Jaws
           as
           fast
           as
           they
           can
           .
        
         
         
           With
           Poland
           the
           Republick
           can
           have
           no
           other
           Concern
           than
           that
           of
           defending
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           by
           some
           diversion
           from
           that
           Crown
           ,
           bear
           the
           more
           easily
           the
           weight
           of
           the
           Ottoman
           Power
           :
           Therefore
           it
           would
           be
           well
           for
           the
           Republick
           to
           have
           that
           King
           and
           Kingdom
           grow
           more
           powerful
           .
           As
           for
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           the
           great
           distance
           that
           is
           between
           that
           State
           and
           the
           Republick
           ,
           takes
           away
           all
           matter
           of
           any
           further
           Consideration
           .
           The
           same
           thing
           may
           be
           said
           of
           the
           Moscovite
           .
        
         
           England
           being
           the
           greatest
           of
           those
           powers
           that
           are
           separated
           from
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           is
           a
           Kingdom
           of
           great
           strength
           ,
           particularly
           since
           the
           Union
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           have
           nothing
           left
           to
           desire
           as
           to
           Territory
           :
           All
           that
           Island
           is
           now
           under
           the
           Dominion
           of
           one
           sole
           Monarch
           ,
           and
           has
           the
           Sea
           for
           a
           Wall
           :
           So
           that
           if
           England
           be
           not
           disunited
           within
           it self
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           power
           to
           overcome
           it
           :
           We
           see
           the
           Example
           in
           
           the
           Invasion
           of
           Philip
           the
           Second
           of
           Spain
           (
           and
           yet
           then
           the
           Union
           was
           not
           so
           great
           as
           might
           have
           been
           )
           who
           lost
           his
           mighty
           Armada
           that
           he
           had
           been
           so
           long
           preparing
           at
           such
           vast
           Expences
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           who
           has
           shew'd
           the
           World
           how
           far
           a
           Woman's
           ability
           can
           go
           in
           Government
           ,
           did
           likewise
           enlarge
           her
           Dominions
           by
           Navigations
           to
           the
           Indies
           ,
           and
           wounded
           Spain
           in
           that
           tender
           part
           ;
           She
           likewise
           had
           some
           Ports
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           consign'd
           to
           her
           ,
           so
           that
           she
           seem'd
           to
           be
           hardly
           contain'd
           in
           that
           separate
           World
           of
           hers
           .
           The
           Island
           is
           fertile
           and
           delicious
           ,
           producing
           all
           necessaries
           for
           Life
           ,
           and
           though
           the
           Natives
           go
           abroad
           and
           buy
           the
           Products
           of
           other
           Countries
           ,
           it
           is
           more
           as
           Superfluities
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           Luxury
           ,
           than
           want
           ,
           and
           amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           they
           have
           a
           Trade
           for
           Grapes
           called
           Currans
           ,
           which
           they
           buy
           in
           the
           Dominions
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           who
           
           was
           the
           King
           that
           Apostatiz'd
           from
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           did
           use
           to
           concern
           himself
           in
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Italy
           ,
           and
           several
           times
           the
           Popes
           have
           had
           good
           Protection
           from
           the
           ancient
           Kings
           of
           that
           Country
           ,
           who
           were
           most
           devoted
           to
           the
           See
           of
           Rome
           ;
           to
           say
           truth
           ,
           Religion
           has
           had
           a
           great
           Loss
           ,
           and
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           a
           greater
           ,
           I
           cannot
           well
           say
           ,
           whether
           out
           of
           the
           great
           Lust
           of
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           or
           the
           little
           consideration
           of
           Clement
           the
           Seventh
           ,
           at
           present
           that
           King
           will
           not
           hear
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           has
           but
           small
           Curiosity
           for
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Italy
           .
        
         
           If
           this
           King
           could
           grow
           greater
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           it
           might
           obtain
           his
           Alliance
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           a
           greater
           respect
           from
           other
           Crown'd
           Heads
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           even
           without
           this
           consideration
           ,
           't
           is
           a
           Power
           to
           be
           courted
           ,
           because
           the
           Nation
           having
           an
           ancient
           Antipathy
           to
           France
           ,
           and
           a
           modern
           one
           
           to
           Spain
           ,
           it
           cannot
           but
           have
           a
           good
           inclination
           for
           the
           Republick
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           that
           the
           present
           King
           is
           more
           enclin'd
           to
           Wars
           with
           his
           Pen
           ,
           than
           with
           his
           Sword
           ,
           having
           a
           mighty
           Love
           for
           Disputes
           ,
           and
           valuing
           himself
           upon
           the
           Character
           of
           a
           Notable
           Divine
           ;
           so
           much
           has
           the
           Quarrel
           with
           Rome
           influenc'd
           that
           Country
           ,
           that
           even
           their
           Princes
           study
           Controversie
           ;
           but
           however
           I
           should
           not
           think
           the
           Republick
           ought
           to
           mind
           any
           of
           those
           Circumstances
           ,
           because
           where
           there
           is
           strength
           ,
           there
           is
           always
           hopes
           of
           making
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           depending
           only
           upon
           raising
           of
           Passions
           .
        
         
           The
           best
           means
           would
           be
           (
           besides
           the
           continuation
           of
           those
           Offices
           already
           introduc'd
           of
           mutual
           Embassies
           )
           strictly
           to
           command
           the
           Governours
           in
           the
           Levant
           to
           shew
           all
           good
           usage
           to
           the
           English
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           particularly
           observe
           punctually
           all
           Treaties
           and
           Engagements
           with
           them
           ,
           because
           there
           is
           
           no
           Nation
           that
           puts
           a
           greater
           value
           upon
           their
           Word
           than
           the
           English
           do
           ,
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           that
           Island
           have
           not
           yet
           learnt
           the
           modern
           Policy
           that
           gives
           them
           leave
           to
           break
           their
           Faith
           in
           order
           to
           reigning
           more
           absolutely
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Seven
           United
           Provinces
           't
           will
           be
           good
           to
           cultivate
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           to
           encrease
           it
           by
           a
           mutual
           defensive
           League
           ,
           particularly
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           that
           the
           Truce
           is
           but
           newly
           concluded
           with
           Spain
           ;
           for
           it
           will
           be
           a
           Curb
           upon
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           if
           he
           should
           attempt
           any
           thing
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           for
           fear
           his
           old
           Wounds
           should
           be
           set
           a
           bleeding
           again
           ,
           they
           being
           but
           just
           bound
           up
           ,
           and
           not
           healed
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           feasable
           likewise
           to
           procure
           something
           more
           of
           Trade
           with
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           extremely
           ingenious
           ,
           and
           addicted
           that
           way
           ;
           and
           moreover
           ,
           since
           both
           the
           Republicks
           stand
           in
           awe
           of
           the
           same
           Power
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           
           difficult
           to
           unite
           their
           inclinations
           ;
           and
           they
           have
           made
           on
           their
           side
           a
           sufficient
           Advance
           ,
           by
           sending
           an
           Embassy
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           though
           of
           Complement
           ,
           yet
           it
           has
           shew'd
           great
           esteem
           and
           inclination
           to
           an
           Union
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           Advantage
           of
           a
           solid
           diversion
           of
           the
           Forces
           of
           Spain
           ,
           there
           is
           another
           Essential
           consideration
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           from
           them
           might
           be
           had
           a
           considerable
           Body
           of
           well
           disciplin'd
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           that
           with
           admirable
           celerity
           ,
           besides
           several
           Regiments
           that
           might
           be
           rais'd
           in
           a
           Country
           so
           well
           us'd
           to
           War
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           occasion
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           inconveniencies
           of
           Transportation
           are
           not
           to
           be
           valued
           ;
           for
           the
           Republick
           will
           always
           have
           a
           greater
           scarcity
           of
           good
           Soldiers
           ,
           than
           of
           good
           Money
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Princes
           of
           Germany
           of
           a
           different
           Religion
           ,
           there
           can
           hardly
           be
           any
           Concerns
           ,
           if
           there
           is
           no
           room
           for
           Quarrels
           .
           As
           the
           
           World
           stands
           now
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           well
           ,
           they
           should
           grow
           greater
           ,
           at
           least
           't
           is
           not
           amiss
           ,
           they
           are
           already
           great
           enough
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           a
           Check
           upon
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           else
           would
           be
           a
           most
           formidable
           Potentate
           to
           all
           Princes
           ,
           but
           more
           particularly
           to
           the
           Italians
           ,
           and
           more
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           than
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           Italy
           ;
           but
           now
           by
           their
           means
           his
           Power
           is
           not
           only
           balanced
           ,
           but
           almost
           quite
           oppressed
           to
           the
           common
           benefit
           of
           other
           Princes
           .
           With
           these
           Princes
           it
           will
           be
           easie
           for
           the
           Republick
           to
           have
           an
           Engagement
           :
           First
           ,
           because
           they
           know
           that
           the
           Republick
           is
           not
           a
           blind
           Adorer
           of
           the
           Interests
           of
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           :
           And
           ,
           Secondly
           ,
           because
           they
           see
           the
           Jealousies
           that
           are
           between
           the
           Republick
           and
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           from
           whence
           they
           conclude
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           no
           danger
           of
           a
           League
           between
           them
           and
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           by
           consequence
           ,
           they
           have
           not
           the
           Republick
           for
           a
           suspected
           
           Power
           ;
           and
           upon
           all
           Occurrences
           ,
           it
           will
           do
           well
           to
           shew
           an
           Inclination
           to
           Friendship
           with
           them
           ,
           first
           ,
           because
           they
           may
           make
           a
           potent
           diversion
           ;
           and
           ,
           secondly
           ,
           because
           their
           Country
           being
           a
           Nursery
           of
           Soldiers
           ,
           the
           Republick
           upon
           occasion
           may
           make
           Levies
           there
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           a
           point
           of
           high
           importance
           for
           the
           Republick
           to
           be
           certain
           of
           their
           Levies
           ;
           for
           in
           a
           time
           of
           need
           they
           can
           hope
           but
           for
           small
           help
           from
           the
           
             Italian
             Militia
          
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           not
           yet
           said
           any
           thing
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bavaria
           ;
           and
           he
           is
           not
           to
           be
           omitted
           ,
           being
           so
           much
           a
           dependant
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           from
           whom
           he
           has
           received
           the
           Electoral
           Dignity
           ,
           upon
           the
           Exclusion
           of
           the
           Elector
           Palatin
           :
           This
           Prince
           has
           had
           the
           boldness
           to
           contest
           the
           Precedency
           with
           the
           Republick
           at
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           ;
           and
           therefore
           no
           good
           Correspondency
           can
           be
           between
           him
           and
           the
           Republick
           .
           It
           
           would
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           see
           him
           lessen'd
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           always
           to
           be
           wish'd
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           has
           no
           good
           Intentions
           ,
           should
           have
           as
           little
           power
           to
           offend
           as
           may
           be
           .
        
         
           The
           Order
           of
           Malta
           ,
           who
           are
           Pyrating
           Princes
           ,
           is
           likewise
           to
           be
           minded
           ;
           and
           their
           growth
           in
           Power
           can
           be
           of
           no
           use
           to
           the
           Republick
           :
           They
           do
           nothing
           but
           waken
           the
           Ottoman
           Power
           ,
           when
           't
           is
           almost
           lull'd
           asleep
           ;
           and
           therefore
           are
           dangerous
           :
           Their
           Friendship
           ,
           in
           time
           of
           open
           War
           with
           the
           Turk
           ,
           will
           be
           easily
           had
           ,
           upon
           the
           Hopes
           of
           a
           good
           Booty
           .
        
         
           It
           remains
           for
           us
           now
           to
           speak
           of
           the
           greatest
           Prince
           of
           this
           known
           World
           ,
           formidable
           to
           all
           other
           Princes
           ,
           I
           mean
           the
           Turk
           ;
           but
           we
           cannot
           speak
           of
           him
           by
           the
           Rules
           we
           have
           laid
           down
           for
           the
           others
           ;
           for
           with
           him
           all
           Arts
           and
           Policies
           are
           vain
           :
           He
           makes
           no
           League
           with
           
           any
           ,
           neither
           has
           he
           any
           Residing
           Embassadors
           in
           any
           Court
           ,
           scorning
           to
           descend
           to
           inform
           himself
           of
           other
           Princes
           Intrigues
           :
           He
           owns
           his
           Greatness
           ,
           and
           relies
           upon
           it
           ,
           like
           the
           Elephant
           ,
           who
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           great
           strength
           ,
           is
           never
           observed
           to
           use
           Cunning
           :
           Perhaps
           it
           may
           be
           an
           Arcanum
           of
           the
           Alchoran
           ,
           to
           hinder
           his
           Subjects
           from
           contracting
           the
           Manners
           and
           Customs
           of
           other
           Nations
           ,
           and
           bringing
           them
           home
           at
           their
           return
           :
           Perhaps
           likewise
           that
           he
           is
           unwilling
           their
           Wits
           should
           be
           〈◊〉
           in
           Politicks
           :
           His
           is
           an
           Empire
           built
           upon
           the
           Ruin
           of
           all
           other
           Empires
           ,
           founded
           in
           force
           ,
           and
           scorning
           Titles
           and
           Claims
           of
           Justice
           .
           If
           he
           can
           acquire
           a
           Country
           ,
           he
           has
           always
           Right
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           when
           he
           has
           conquer'd
           it
           ,
           he
           assumes
           all
           the
           power
           to
           himself
           ,
           suffering
           no
           Usurpations
           where
           he
           himself
           usurps
           all
           :
           His
           Ministers
           make
           open
           profession
           of
           Ignorance
           ,
           which
           is
           propagated
           industriously
           amongst
           
           his
           people
           ,
           who
           are
           sufficiently
           learned
           ,
           if
           they
           know
           how
           to
           obey
           :
           They
           are
           told
           openly
           of
           their
           Slavery
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           expected
           they
           learn
           the
           Obligations
           of
           it
           :
           not
           but
           that
           they
           will
           dispute
           with
           Christians
           for
           their
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           alledge
           ,
           That
           he
           succeeds
           to
           all
           the
           Rights
           of
           Constantine
           ,
           whose
           City
           he
           has
           conquered
           .
           In
           his
           Religion
           the
           Prince
           is
           loose
           ,
           and
           the
           Mufti
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           High
           Priest
           ,
           tied
           up
           ,
           who
           must
           speak
           complacently
           to
           the
           Ends
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           in
           conformity
           to
           the
           Will
           of
           him
           that
           rules
           ,
           or
           pay
           his
           disobedience
           with
           his
           Life
           .
           In
           this
           Monarchy
           all
           the
           Qualities
           of
           the
           Mind
           ,
           both
           speculative
           and
           practick
           ,
           are
           despised
           and
           suspected
           ,
           which
           made
           one
           of
           their
           Emperours
           send
           back
           the
           Musicians
           sent
           him
           by
           Francis
           the
           First
           ,
           lest
           with
           their
           Harmony
           they
           should
           have
           molified
           the
           Iron
           Temper
           of
           those
           fierce
           Natures
           :
           They
           value
           strength
           of
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Arts
           of
           War
           ,
           in
           which
           none
           are
           
           sooner
           preferr'd
           than
           those
           who
           shew
           the
           greatest
           Fierceness
           and
           Inhumanity
           in
           their
           dispositions
           :
           They
           are
           intent
           upon
           conquering
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           in
           order
           to
           it
           they
           have
           infinite
           Numbers
           of
           Men
           ,
           and
           infinite
           Treasure
           :
           His
           yearly
           Revenue
           exceeds
           Twenty
           Millions
           of
           Crowns
           ;
           he
           inherits
           the
           Estates
           of
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           whose
           Children
           can
           lay
           claim
           to
           nothing
           but
           their
           Father's
           Horse
           and
           Arms.
           In
           the
           midst
           of
           all
           these
           Riches
           his
           thirst
           of
           Gold
           still
           increases
           :
           so
           that
           often
           his
           Fury
           is
           laid
           with
           the
           Charms
           of
           that
           Metal
           :
           Out
           of
           that
           has
           been
           said
           ,
           
             'T
             is
             evident
             that
             his
             Greatness
             must
             be
             the
             Ruine
             of
             all
             other
             Powers
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             would
             be
             an
             unspeakable
             Felicity
             to
             see
             him
             lessen'd
             ;
             but
             the
             hopes
             of
             that
             are
             so
             remote
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             next
             to
             impossible
             .
          
        
         
           As
           for
           any
           Title
           upon
           the
           Territories
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           he
           can
           have
           none
           ;
           Inclination
           and
           Facility
           he
           has
           but
           too
           much
           ,
           designing
           the
           Ruine
           
           of
           all
           Christendom
           ;
           and
           considering
           the
           Disunion
           of
           Christians
           ,
           more
           intent
           upon
           Jealousies
           at
           home
           than
           upon
           an
           Union
           against
           a
           Foreign
           Invader
           ,
           his
           Design
           is
           not
           above
           his
           Force
           :
           He
           fears
           nothing
           but
           an
           Union
           of
           Christendom
           against
           him
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           may
           not
           be
           negligent
           in
           providing
           against
           it
           ,
           that
           cunning
           and
           wicked
           Mahomet
           has
           left
           him
           a
           Prophecy
           to
           keep
           him
           awake
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           the
           Ruine
           of
           his
           Empire
           is
           to
           come
           from
           such
           an
           Union
           :
           The
           Turks
           never
           mention
           it
           but
           with
           Cries
           and
           Groans
           ;
           and
           the
           Government
           strives
           to
           avoid
           it
           by
           being
           invincible
           ,
           not
           considering
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           Prophecy
           be
           true
           ,
           't
           is
           unavoidable
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Republick
           ,
           he
           is
           a
           terrible
           Neighbour
           to
           them
           ,
           always
           encroaching
           ,
           and
           setting
           no
           bounds
           to
           his
           pretences
           ,
           till
           he
           has
           swallowed
           all
           .
        
         
           The
           Republick
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           cannot
           want
           a
           Title
           against
           him
           ;
           for
           what
           he
           has
           taken
           from
           them
           ,
           would
           
           make
           up
           a
           great
           Principality
           :
           
             Cyprus
             ,
             Negrepont
             ,
             Modon
             ,
             Coron
             ,
             Caramania
             ,
          
           all
           the
           
             Archipelago
             ,
             Bossina
             ,
             Scutari
             ,
             Albania
             ,
          
           part
           of
           the
           very
           Imperial
           City
           of
           Constantinople
           ,
           and
           in
           short
           ,
           half
           his
           Empire
           in
           Europe
           has
           been
           at
           several
           times
           extorted
           from
           the
           Republick
           :
           but
           to
           get
           any
           of
           this
           back
           is
           the
           difficulty
           ;
           and
           't
           will
           be
           well
           if
           he
           is
           content
           with
           what
           he
           has
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           can
           save
           what
           remains
           .
           The
           only
           good
           thing
           the
           Republick
           can
           hope
           for
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           Turk
           will
           not
           enter
           into
           League
           with
           any
           other
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           he
           scorns
           all
           Leagues
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Lodovico
             Sforza
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Milan
           ,
           he
           was
           by
           him
           drawn
           to
           invade
           the
           Republick
           ,
           and
           before
           that
           ,
           by
           the
           Visconti
           ,
           Dukes
           of
           Milan
           ,
           likewise
           with
           promise
           to
           busie
           the
           Venetians
           in
           Italy
           ,
           by
           a
           War
           on
           his
           side
           :
           'T
           is
           said
           also
           ,
           That
           Lewis
           the
           Twelfth
           strove
           to
           draw
           him
           into
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           :
           But
           all
           these
           are
           rather
           
           Subornations
           than
           Leagues
           ,
           and
           spurring
           of
           a
           Horse
           that
           's
           free
           enough
           of
           his
           own
           Nature
           .
        
         
           He
           would
           easily
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           conquer
           other
           Princes
           ;
           but
           then
           the
           Republick
           must
           reckon
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           take
           all
           to
           himself
           ,
           he
           not
           understanding
           any
           Accounts
           of
           dividing
           :
           So
           that
           it
           would
           only
           be
           a
           madness
           ,
           and
           by
           ones
           own
           Expence
           of
           Blood
           and
           Treasure
           ,
           promote
           his
           Tyrannical
           Empire
           .
           The
           Turk
           has
           often
           offered
           Succours
           to
           the
           Republick
           in
           their
           Wars
           with
           others
           ;
           but
           our
           wise
           Ancestors
           always
           disliked
           such
           a
           Protector
           ,
           but
           were
           glad
           he
           did
           not
           take
           the
           opportunity
           of
           their
           Troubles
           to
           fall
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           no
           other
           Politicks
           to
           be
           used
           with
           this
           Empire
           ,
           than
           to
           profess
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           reckon
           upon
           sudden
           Enmity
           ;
           and
           therefore
           be
           always
           provided
           ,
           that
           the
           weakness
           of
           the
           State
           may
           not
           be
           an
           Invitation
           to
           him
           to
           use
           his
           Natural
           Rapacity
           ;
           
           for
           the
           Peace
           will
           be
           always
           the
           longer
           ,
           when
           the
           readiness
           for
           War
           shall
           be
           visible
           .
        
         
           In
           case
           of
           a
           Rupture
           ,
           one
           should
           try
           to
           make
           a
           diversion
           by
           the
           King
           of
           Persia
           ,
           the
           Moscovite
           and
           the
           Pole
           :
           but
           that
           will
           be
           a
           long
           uncertain
           business
           ,
           and
           of
           slow
           benefit
           ;
           to
           corrupt
           the
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Port
           in
           open
           War
           ,
           will
           be
           a
           very
           hard
           thing
           ,
           they
           will
           rather
           suffer
           a
           temptation
           in
           time
           of
           Peace
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           one
           may
           penetrate
           their
           Designs
           ,
           and
           retard
           their
           Deliberations
           ,
           provided
           the
           person
           gain'd
           be
           of
           the
           Divan
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           
             Grand
             Vizier
          
           ,
           if
           possible
           ;
           but
           they
           often
           take
           Bribes
           ,
           and
           deceive
           one
           ;
           besides
           ,
           their
           being
           subject
           to
           continual
           Changes
           ,
           and
           those
           very
           sudden
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Emperour
           's
           Capricio
           ,
           and
           the
           Calumnies
           of
           their
           Competitors
           ,
           the
           Friendship
           of
           the
           
             Queen
             Mother
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Wife
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Signior
          
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           the
           Mufti
           ,
           may
           help
           :
           But
           if
           the
           Prince
           himself
           be
           
           of
           a
           resolute
           Nature
           ,
           their
           Offices
           will
           be
           but
           weak
           :
           And
           all
           violent
           sudden
           Resolutions
           of
           War
           made
           by
           the
           Emperour
           himself
           ,
           are
           always
           welcome
           to
           the
           Janizaries
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           Soul
           of
           that
           Empire
           :
           So
           that
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           at
           first
           ,
           I
           must
           conclude
           ,
           That
           Prudence
           and
           Politicks
           can
           be
           of
           little
           use
           against
           Rage
           and
           Fury
           ,
           and
           a
           Nation
           that
           depends
           not
           upon
           Reason
           ,
           but
           upon
           Might
           .
        
         
           I
           can
           say
           nothing
           then
           but
           what
           the
           Angel
           said
           to
           
             Gideon
             ,
             Comfortare
             &
             esto
             Robustus
          
           ;
           and
           with
           this
           good
           Omen
           that
           comes
           from
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           which
           I
           offer
           with
           a
           most
           affectionate
           Mind
           ,
        
         
           I
           take
           leave
           ,
           having
           accomplish'd
           the
           Task
           was
           imposed
           upon
           me
           ,
           if
           not
           according
           to
           the
           full
           Extent
           of
           my
           Duty
           ,
           at
           least
           in
           proportion
           to
           my
           weak
           Forces
           ,
           and
           small
           Talent
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
  

