







 
   
     
       
         A report containing an essay for the amendment of the silver coins
         Lowndes, William, 1652-1724.
      
       
         
           1695
        
      
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         A49333
         Wing L3323
         ESTC R39081
         18211567
         ocm 18211567
         107149
         
           
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         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A49333)
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         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1127:19)
      
       
         
           
             A report containing an essay for the amendment of the silver coins
             Lowndes, William, 1652-1724.
          
           159, [1] p.
           
             Printed by Charles Bill, and the executrix of Thomas Newcomb...,
             London :
             1695.
          
           
             Attributed to Lowndes by Wing and NUC pre-1956 imprints.
             Running title: An essay for the amendment of silver coins.
             Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.
             Includes bibliographical references.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Coinage -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Money.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           REPORT
           Containing
           an
           ESSAY
           FOR
           THE
           Amendment
           OF
           THE
           Silver
           Coins
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Charles
             Bill
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Executrix
           of
           
             Thomas
             Newcomb
          
           ,
           deceas'd
           ;
           Printers
           to
           the
           Kings
           most
           Excellent
           Majesty
           .
           1695.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           the
           Lords
           Commissioners
           of
           His
           Majesties
           Treasury
           .
        
         
           May
           it
           please
           your
           Lordships
           ,
        
         
           IN
           Obedience
           to
           your
           Lordships
           Command
           ,
           I
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           inform
           my self
           of
           divers
           Matters
           which
           concern
           the
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           Moneys
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           most
           Practicable
           Methods
           for
           New
           Coining
           the
           Latter
           ,
           and
           Supplying
           ,
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           sufficient
           Coins
           to
           pay
           the
           Kings
           Taxes
           and
           Revenues
           ,
           and
           to
           carry
           on
           the
           Publick
           Commerce
           ;
           and
           I
           do
           humbly
           represent
           to
           your
           Lordships
           ,
        
         
           That
           I
           have
           made
           diligent
           Search
           into
           several
           Records
           ,
           Books
           and
           Writings
           ,
           to
           see
           what
           Acts
           or
           Things
           have
           been
           formerly
           done
           or
           practised
           ,
           which
           might
           serve
           for
           Precedents
           ,
           or
           give
           any
           Light
           for
           the
           Re-establishment
           of
           the
           Coins
           that
           should
           
           now
           go
           ,
           and
           have
           Course
           as
           the
           Lawful
           Money
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           (
           as
           I
           find
           in
           a
           Book
           of
           great
           Authority
           ,
           remaining
           in
           the
           Exchequer
           ,
           called
           
             The
             Black
             Book
          
           ,
           written
           by
           Gervase
           of
           Tilbury
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Henry
           the
           Second
           )
           that
           there
           were
           anciently
           Falsifiers
           and
           Clippers
           of
           Money
           ;
           for
           when
           King
           William
           the
           First
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           pay
           of
           his
           Warriours
           ,
           caused
           the
           Firmes
           ,
           which
           till
           his
           time
           ,
           had
           for
           the
           most
           part
           been
           answered
           in
           Victuals
           ,
           to
           be
           converted
           in
           
             Pecuniam
             Numeratam
          
           ,
           he
           directed
           the
           whole
           from
           every
           County
           to
           be
           Charged
           on
           the
           Sheriff
           ,
           to
           be
           by
           him
           brought
           into
           the
           Exchequer
           ;
           adding
           ,
           That
           the
           Sheriff
           should
           make
           the
           Payment
           ,
           
             ad
             Scalam
             ,
             hoc
             est
          
           (
           as
           the
           aforesaid
           Author
           expounds
           it
           )
           
             solveret
             preter
             quamlibet
             numeratam
             libram
             sex
             denarios
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Money
           afterwards
           declining
           ,
           and
           becoming
           worse
           ,
           it
           was
           Ordained
           ,
           That
           the
           Firmes
           of
           Manors
           should
           not
           only
           be
           paid
           
             ad
             Scalam
          
           ,
           but
           also
           
             ad
             Pensam
          
           ,
           which
           latter
           was
           the
           paying
           as
           much
           Money
           for
           a
           Pound
           Sterling
           ,
           as
           weighed
           Twelve
           Ounces
           Troy
           ;
           so
           that
           Payment
           of
           a
           Pound
           
             de
             Numero
          
           imported
           Twenty
           
           Shillings
           ,
           
             ad
             Scalam
          
           imported
           Twenty
           Shillings
           Six
           Pence
           ,
           and
           
             ad
             Pensam
          
           imported
           so
           much
           as
           weighed
           Twelve
           Ounces
           .
           And
           in
           the
           time
           of
           King
           Henry
           the
           Second
           ,
           when
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Salisbury
           was
           Treasurer
           ,
           who
           considered
           ,
           that
           though
           the
           Money
           did
           Answer
           
             Numero
             &
             Pondere
          
           ,
           it
           might
           nevertheless
           be
           mixt
           with
           Copper
           or
           Brass
           ;
           therefore
           (
           
             Consilio
             Regis
             &
             ut
             Regiae
             simul
             &
             Publicae
             Provideretur
             Vtilitati
          
           )
           a
           Constitution
           was
           made
           ,
           called
           the
           
             Trial
             by
             Combustion
          
           .
           The
           whole
           Progress
           whereof
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           practised
           in
           the
           Exchequer
           in
           those
           Days
           ,
           is
           exactly
           set
           down
           in
           the
           said
           Book
           ,
           and
           differs
           little
           or
           nothing
           from
           the
           present
           method
           of
           Assaying
           Silver
           for
           its
           Fineness
           ;
           as
           plainly
           appears
           in
           that
           place
           where
           the
           said
           Gervase
           treats
           of
           the
           Office
           of
           the
           
             Miles
             Argentarius
          
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           Fusor
           ,
           an
           Extract
           whereof
           is
           hereunto
           Annexed
           .
        
         
           It
           appears
           also
           that
           the
           Crown
           Rents
           were
           many
           times
           reserved
           in
           
             Libris
             Albis
          
           or
           
             Blanch
             Firmes
          
           ;
           in
           which
           case
           the
           Payer
           was
           holden
           
             Dealbare
             Firmam
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           His
           Base
           Money
           or
           Coin
           worse
           than
           Standard
           was
           Molten
           down
           in
           the
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           Reduced
           to
           
           the
           Fineness
           of
           Standard
           Silver
           ,
           or
           (
           instead
           thereof
           )
           he
           Paid
           to
           the
           King
           Twelve
           Pence
           to
           the
           Pound
           by
           way
           of
           Addition
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           most
           Remarkable
           Deceipts
           and
           Corruptions
           found
           in
           Ancient
           Records
           to
           have
           been
           committed
           upon
           the
           Coins
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           Offenders
           ,
           were
           in
           the
           time
           of
           King
           Edward
           the
           First
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           Imported
           a
           sort
           of
           Light
           Money
           made
           with
           a
           Mitre
           ;
           another
           sort
           of
           Light
           Money
           with
           Lyons
           upon
           it
           ;
           a
           Third
           sort
           of
           Copper
           Blancht
           ,
           to
           Resemble
           the
           Money
           of
           England
           ;
           a
           Fourth
           sort
           of
           Light
           Money
           Resembling
           that
           of
           King
           Edward
           ;
           a
           Fifth
           kind
           that
           was
           Plated
           :
           And
           the
           Crime
           of
           Rounding
           Money
           (
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           the
           same
           with
           Clipping
           )
           was
           then
           in
           Fashion
           ,
           all
           which
           was
           done
           out
           of
           England
           .
           And
           the
           Merchants
           to
           avoid
           the
           Search
           at
           Dover
           and
           Sandwich
           ,
           concealed
           the
           Parcels
           in
           Bails
           of
           Cloth
           ,
           and
           brought
           them
           in
           by
           other
           Ports
           .
           
             Les
             queux
             choses
             si
             elles
             suissent
             longent
             so
             efferts
          
           (
           says
           the
           Book
           )
           
             elles
             mettere
             yent
             la
             Monye
             D'englitere
             a
             nient
             :
          
           And
           the
           Chief
           Remedies
           then
           Applied
           were
           ,
        
         
         
           First
           ,
           To
           Cry
           down
           all
           Money
           that
           was
           not
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Ireland
          
           or
           Scotland
           :
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           such
           as
           arrived
           from
           beyond
           Seas
           ,
           should
           shew
           the
           Money
           they
           brought
           with
           them
           to
           the
           King's
           Officers
           :
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           And
           not
           hide
           it
           in
           Fardels
           ,
           upon
           Pain
           of
           Forfeiture
           :
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           That
           the
           Light
           Money
           and
           the
           Clipt
           Money
           might
           be
           Bored
           through
           without
           contradiction
           :
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           And
           that
           the
           same
           should
           be
           Received
           and
           Paid
           by
           Weight
           at
           a
           certain
           Rate
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Persons
           having
           such
           Clipt
           or
           Light
           Money
           ,
           should
           bring
           the
           same
           to
           the
           King's
           Changers
           ,
           who
           were
           settled
           in
           several
           great
           Towns
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           be
           new
           Coined
           .
           And
           by
           what
           I
           have
           Read
           in
           
             Libro
             Rubeo
          
           (
           which
           is
           in
           the
           upper
           Exchequer
           )
           concerning
           the
           Changers
           (
           who
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Masters
           of
           the
           Mint
           ,
           had
           several
           Offices
           Erected
           in
           divers
           Parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           Namely
           ,
           at
           
             London
             ,
             Canterbury
             ,
             Bristol
             ,
             Kingston
          
           upon
           
             Hull
             ,
             Newcastle
          
           and
           Exeter
           )
           a
           Principal
           Business
           of
           these
           Changers
           was
           to
           Buy
           in
           the
           Silver
           of
           the
           Bad
           Money
           ;
           
             que
             les
             Pollards
             &
             Crockards
             
             &
             les
             autres
             Mauvaises
             Moneis
             Contrefaits
             Soront
             ,
             abatues
             :
          
           And
           there
           was
           a
           Writ
           then
           directed
           to
           the
           Sheriffs
           ,
           to
           Prohibit
           the
           Importation
           of
           Clipt
           or
           Counterfeit
           Moneys
           ,
           and
           the
           Use
           thereof
           in
           Merchandizing
           or
           Negotiating
           ,
           under
           severe
           Penalties
           ,
           and
           Commanding
           those
           that
           had
           such
           Money
           to
           Bore
           it
           through
           ,
           and
           to
           bring
           it
           to
           the
           King's
           Change
           to
           be
           new
           Coined
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           find
           by
           an
           Indenture
           in
           the
           Third
           Year
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           (
           at
           which
           time
           there
           was
           Base
           Moneys
           that
           had
           been
           Coined
           by
           Publick
           Authority
           .
           )
           That
           it
           was
           Ordained
           that
           Fleetwood
           ,
           Under
           Treasurer
           for
           the
           Upper
           Houses
           of
           the
           Mint
           in
           the
           Tower
           ,
           should
           take
           in
           by
           Number
           and
           Tale
           ,
           the
           Base
           Moneys
           therein
           mentioned
           ,
           at
           such
           Rates
           or
           Values
           as
           were
           Appointed
           by
           a
           Proclamation
           in
           that
           behalf
           ;
           giving
           Bills
           to
           the
           Parties
           under
           his
           Hand
           for
           the
           Receipt
           thereof
           .
           And
           the
           Officers
           of
           the
           Mint
           were
           to
           Melt
           down
           and
           Repay
           the
           same
           in
           Sterling
           Moneys
           ,
           to
           the
           Parties
           or
           their
           Deputies
           ,
           shewing
           and
           delivering
           their
           Bills
           ,
           having
           regard
           to
           the
           time
           when
           every
           Man
           brought
           in
           
           his
           Money
           .
           And
           the
           Base
           Money
           Received
           ,
           and
           the
           Sterling
           Money
           Repaid
           were
           to
           be
           Entred
           in
           Two
           Legers
           ;
           one
           to
           be
           kept
           by
           the
           said
           Under-Treasurer
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           by
           the
           Tellers
           .
           And
           the
           Comptroller
           and
           Assay-Master
           were
           to
           keep
           several
           Books
           of
           Refining
           and
           Melting
           the
           Base
           Money
           ,
           to
           the
           intent
           they
           might
           be
           Vouchers
           to
           the
           said
           Under-Treasurer
           ,
           who
           was
           to
           Account
           to
           the
           Queen
           for
           the
           whole
           .
        
         
           These
           or
           such
           like
           Provisions
           might
           serve
           well
           enough
           in
           those
           Times
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           not
           much
           Money
           ,
           and
           but
           little
           Trade
           or
           Occasion
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           Species
           then
           in
           being
           ,
           which
           one
           would
           think
           consisted
           Anciently
           of
           Pence
           or
           Pieces
           of
           small
           Denomination
           ,
           were
           not
           Corrupted
           or
           Diminished
           to
           that
           degree
           as
           they
           are
           at
           this
           day
           .
        
         
           But
           considering
           the
           present
           low
           Condition
           to
           which
           Our
           Moneys
           are
           almost
           generally
           Reduced
           ,
           and
           the
           necessary
           Use
           thereof
           in
           daily
           Occasions
           ,
           and
           particularly
           in
           the
           ways
           of
           Trade
           ,
           upon
           which
           this
           Nation
           depends
           more
           at
           this
           time
           than
           it
           did
           formerly
           ;
           I
           do
           not
           see
           
           how
           the
           Prudence
           of
           our
           Ancestors
           (
           which
           in
           many
           Constitutions
           relating
           to
           the
           Exchequer
           and
           the
           Mint
           ,
           appears
           to
           have
           been
           Transcendent
           and
           Admirable
           ,
           especially
           in
           Matters
           of
           Charge
           and
           Discharge
           ,
           and
           preventing
           Frauds
           and
           Abuses
           upon
           the
           Crown
           )
           can
           ,
           without
           the
           devising
           new
           or
           additional
           Means
           and
           Methods
           ,
           be
           made
           Applicable
           to
           a
           present
           Work
           of
           new
           Coining
           the
           Silver
           Moneys
           ,
           and
           Supplying
           Currant
           Coins
           for
           the
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Payment
           of
           Taxes
           and
           Revenues
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           .
        
         
           If
           therefore
           the
           King
           (
           to
           whose
           Regality
           the
           Power
           of
           Coining
           Money
           ,
           and
           Determining
           the
           Weight
           ,
           Fineness
           ,
           Denomination
           and
           Extrinsick
           Value
           thereof
           doth
           Solely
           and
           Inherently
           Appertain
           )
           shall
           Judge
           it
           necessary
           to
           have
           the
           old
           or
           present
           Species
           of
           Silver
           Coins
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           thereof
           as
           hath
           been
           Clipt
           or
           otherwise
           Dimnished
           ,
           to
           be
           Melted
           down
           and
           Recoined
           ,
           I
           humbly
           conceive
           new
           Means
           and
           Methods
           for
           doing
           the
           same
           must
           be
           Devised
           .
           And
           in
           Regard
           Money
           (
           which
           some
           Lawyers
           
           have
           called
           
             Firmamentum
             Belli
             &
             Ornamentum
             Pacis
          
           )
           is
           most
           certainly
           of
           the
           greatest
           Importance
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           in
           supplying
           the
           Taxes
           ,
           Revenues
           and
           Loans
           ,
           for
           Carrying
           on
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           Supporting
           His
           Royal
           Estate
           ;
           as
           also
           to
           His
           Subjects
           ,
           with
           relation
           not
           only
           to
           their
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           all
           other
           ordinary
           Means
           of
           Livelihood
           :
           The
           said
           Means
           and
           Methods
           for
           Re-establishing
           the
           Coins
           ,
           and
           the
           many
           weighty
           things
           depending
           thereupon
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           well
           Excogitated
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           Considered
           and
           Adjusted
           by
           Persons
           of
           the
           greatest
           Judgment
           and
           Sagacity
           ;
           and
           (
           if
           I
           had
           not
           been
           Enjoyned
           by
           your
           Lordships
           )
           I
           should
           scarce
           have
           Adventured
           upon
           a
           Subject
           so
           very
           Difficult
           and
           Curious
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           Imployed
           my
           Thoughts
           chiefly
           upon
           such
           Matters
           as
           are
           Reduceable
           to
           the
           following
           Heads
           ,
           viz.
           
           
             
               First
               ,
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Standard
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 Coins
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Establishment
                 of
                 a
                 
                 Iust
                 and
                 Reasonable
                 Foot
                 for
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
            
             
               Second
               ,
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Present
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 Coins
                 .
              
            
             
               Third
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 it
                 be
                 or
                 be
                 not
                 Absolutely
                 necessary
                 at
                 this
                 Time
                 to
                 Re-establish
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
            
             
               Fourth
               ,
               
                 The
                 Proposing
                 of
                 Means
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 Obtained
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Proper
                 Methods
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 in
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Amendment
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 Moneys
                 .
              
            
             
               Fifth
               ,
               
                 To
                 Consider
                 what
                 must
                 Supply
                 the
                 Commerce
                 ,
                 Pay
                 Taxes
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               
                 Whilst
                 the
                 Clipt
                 
                 Money
                 is
                 under
                 its
                 New
                 Fabrication
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Particulars
           .
        
         
           
             First
             ,
             
               Of
               the
               Standard
            
             .
          
           
             This
             properly
             brings
             under
             Consideration
             Two
             matters
             relating
             to
             the
             Coins
             ;
             namely
             ,
             the
             Degree
             of
             Fineness
             ,
             and
             the
             Weight
             of
             the
             Pieces
             .
             In
             treating
             upon
             which
             I
             shall
             humbly
             take
             leave
             to
             observe
             this
             Method
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             To
             explain
             what
             is
             meant
             by
             Sterling
             Moneys
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             To
             set
             down
             Historically
             the
             Proportions
             of
             Fine
             Gold
             ,
             and
             Fine
             Silver
             ,
             with
             the
             respective
             Allays
             ,
             which
             the
             Masters
             or
             Workers
             of
             the
             Mints
             have
             been
             holden
             to
             Observe
             in
             the
             Fabrication
             of
             the
             Moneys
             of
             this
             Realm
             ,
             by
             their
             respective
             Indentures
             which
             I
             have
             found
             out
             ,
             Beginning
             with
             those
             in
             the
             time
             of
             King
             Edward
             the
             Third
             ,
             (
             the
             farthest
             Extant
             )
             and
             Ending
             with
             the
             Indenture
             of
             the
             Mint
             now
             in
             being
             .
          
           
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             To
             propose
             the
             Standard
             of
             Fineness
             ,
             which
             (
             in
             my
             humble
             Opinion
             )
             ought
             to
             be
             continued
             for
             the
             new
             Coins
             ,
             which
             His
             Majesty
             may
             be
             pleased
             to
             direct
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             with
             my
             Reasons
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             to
             be
             deduced
             from
             the
             Experience
             of
             former
             times
             ,
             and
             an
             Impartial
             regard
             to
             present
             Circumstances
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             To
             set
             forth
             how
             the
             Value
             of
             the
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             in
             our
             English
             Coins
             hath
             been
             Raised
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             which
             considers
             the
             Weight
             and
             Number
             of
             Pieces
             in
             a
             Pound
             Troy.
             
          
           
             Fifthly
             ,
             To
             Offer
             my
             humble
             Opinion
             upon
             that
             Subject
             ,
             in
             reference
             as
             well
             to
             the
             Old
             Coins
             now
             in
             being
             and
             Unclipt
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             the
             New
             Moneys
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             directed
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             together
             with
             my
             Reasons
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             to
             be
             also
             Grounded
             upon
             the
             Experience
             of
             former
             Times
             ,
             and
             a
             due
             Consideration
             of
             present
             Circumstances
             :
             All
             or
             most
             of
             which
             Points
             being
             of
             great
             Moment
             ,
             to
             be
             well
             weighed
             in
             this
             Affair
             ,
             I
             do
             humbly
             pray
             your
             Lordships
             that
             I
             may
             Discuss
             them
             severally
             .
          
           
           
             First
             ,
             It
             is
             believed
             by
             some
             Authors
             ,
             (
             and
             not
             without
             Reason
             )
             that
             in
             the
             most
             Ancient
             times
             ,
             when
             Money
             was
             first
             Coined
             within
             this
             Island
             ,
             it
             was
             made
             of
             *
             Pure
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             like
             the
             Moneys
             now
             Currant
             in
             some
             other
             Nations
             ,
             particularly
             in
             Hungary
             and
             Barbary
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             Pieces
             of
             Gold
             called
             Ducats
             and
             Sultanesses
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Industan
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             Pieces
             of
             Silver
             called
             Rupees
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             seen
             ,
             and
             wherein
             (
             as
             I
             am
             inform'd
             )
             there
             is
             little
             or
             no
             Allay
             :
             And
             that
             afterwards
             it
             being
             found
             convenient
             in
             the
             Fabrication
             of
             the
             Moneys
             ,
             to
             have
             a
             certain
             Quantity
             or
             Proportion
             of
             Baser
             Metal
             to
             be
             mixt
             with
             the
             Pure
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             the
             Word
             Sterling
             was
             introduced
             ,
             and
             hath
             ever
             since
             been
             used
             ,
             to
             denote
             the
             certain
             Proportion
             or
             Degree
             of
             Fineness
             ,
             which
             ought
             to
             be
             retained
             in
             the
             respective
             Coins
             composed
             of
             such
             mixture
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             .
             There
             are
             some
             Authors
             that
             fancy
             this
             Word
             Sterling
             took
             its
             Name
             from
             a
             Castle
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             were
             first
             Coined
             there
             .
             Some
             have
             
             derived
             it
             from
             a
             Star
             or
             Astracism
             ,
             which
             they
             imagine
             to
             have
             been
             Impressed
             thereupon
             .
             There
             are
             those
             that
             fetch
             it
             from
             the
             Name
             of
             an
             Ancient
             Indenture
             or
             Bond
             which
             was
             taken
             by
             the
             Jews
             (
             those
             old
             Userers
             )
             for
             Security
             of
             their
             Debts
             ,
             and
             which
             was
             called
             the
             
               Iews
               Star.
            
             But
             others
             think
             it
             comes
             from
             the
             Name
             of
             a
             People
             called
             Easterlings
             ,
             as
             the
             first
             Workers
             of
             it
             in
             England
             .
             Of
             which
             latter
             Opinion
             is
             the
             Author
             of
             a
             very
             old
             Treatise
             concerning
             Money
             ,
             Entred
             at
             large
             in
             the
             
               Red
               Book
            
             abovesaid
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             King
             Edward
             the
             Third
             .
             For
             my
             own
             Part
             ,
             I
             do
             not
             believe
             the
             Word
             Sterling
             (
             denoting
             the
             degree
             of
             Fineness
             or
             Goodness
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             )
             was
             known
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Conqueror
             ,
             in
             regard
             there
             is
             no
             mention
             thereof
             in
             
               Libro
               Iudiciario
            
             or
             the
             
               Dooms-day
               Book
            
             ,
             which
             Valueth
             every
             Manor
             (
             as
             it
             was
             worth
             in
             the
             times
             of
             the
             Confessor
             and
             Conqueror
             respectively
             )
             in
             Money
             
               ad
               Numerum
            
             ,
             or
             
               ad
               Pensam
            
             or
             
               ad
               Pondus
            
             ,
             but
             not
             in
             Sterling
             Money
             ,
             and
             yet
             the
             Denomination
             of
             Sterling
             was
             soon
             after
             introduced
             ,
             because
             the
             Statute
             of
             the
             Twenty
             
             fifth
             of
             Edward
             the
             Third
             refers
             to
             Ancient
             Sterling
             ,
             and
             so
             do
             the
             Old
             Indentures
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             and
             the
             Ancient
             Entries
             concerning
             Money
             .
             By
             reading
             of
             which
             it
             seems
             evident
             to
             me
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             a
             Sterling
             or
             Easterling
             ,
             in
             a
             restrained
             Sence
             ,
             signified
             nothing
             but
             a
             Silver
             Peny
             ,
             which
             at
             first
             was
             about
             three
             times
             as
             heavy
             as
             a
             Peny
             is
             now
             ,
             and
             was
             once
             called
             a
             Lundress
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             to
             be
             Coined
             only
             at
             London
             ,
             and
             not
             at
             the
             Countrey
             Mints
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             the
             Words
             Sterling
             and
             Standard
             are
             Synonimous
             Terms
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             the
             
               Ancient
               Sterling
               of
            
             England
             ,
             mentioned
             in
             the
             said
             Statute
             ,
             and
             the
             Standard
             and
             Allay
             of
             Old
             Easterling
             ,
             mentioned
             in
             the
             Indenture
             ,
             Le
             20
             
               jour
               de
            
             May
             
               l'
               an
               du
               Regne
            
             Edward
             
               III.
               cestassavoir
            
             d'
             Engletere
             
               quarant
               sisme
               &
               de
            
             France
             
               trent
               tierce
               entre
               le
               Roy
               &
            
             Bardet
             de
             Malepilys
             de
             Florence
             ;
             and
             the
             
               Old
               right
               Standard
               of
            
             England
             ,
             which
             I
             find
             in
             other
             Indentures
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             are
             to
             be
             understood
             thus
             :
             A
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             of
             Gold
             was
             divided
             into
             Twenty
             four
             Carats
             ,
             and
             every
             Carat
             into
             Four
             Grains
             
             of
             Gold
             ;
             and
             a
             Pound
             Weight
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             ,
             or
             
               Right
               Standard
               Gold
               of
            
             England
             ,
             consisted
             of
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             and
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             half
             of
             Fine
             Gold
             ,
             and
             half
             a
             Grain
             of
             Allay
             .
             Which
             Allay
             (
             as
             the
             
               Red
               Book
            
             says
             )
             might
             be
             Silver
             or
             Copper
             .
             Again
             ,
             a
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             of
             Silver
             ,
             was
             then
             (
             as
             it
             has
             been
             ever
             since
             )
             divided
             into
             Twelve
             Ounces
             ,
             every
             Ounce
             into
             Twenty
             Peny
             Weight
             ,
             and
             every
             Peny
             Weight
             into
             Twenty
             four
             Grains
             ;
             every
             Grain
             of
             Silver
             was
             called
             a
             Subtile
             Grain
             ,
             Sixty
             of
             which
             were
             equal
             to
             One
             Grain
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             a
             Pound
             Weight
             of
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             ,
             or
             
               Right
               Standard
               Silver
               of
            
             England
             ,
             consisted
             then
             (
             as
             it
             does
             now
             )
             of
             Eleven
             Ounces
             and
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             of
             Fine
             Silver
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             That
             Sterling
             Money
             generally
             in
             Judgment
             of
             Law
             ,
             upon
             the
             Fines
             ,
             Covenants
             ,
             and
             other
             Instruments
             that
             have
             had
             occasion
             to
             refer
             thereunto
             ,
             hath
             always
             imported
             ,
             and
             doth
             still
             import
             only
             such
             Coins
             of
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             ,
             as
             have
             been
             made
             by
             successive
             Masters
             
             and
             Workers
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             in
             certain
             Proportions
             of
             Fine
             Metal
             ,
             mixt
             with
             Allays
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             respective
             Indentures
             or
             Covenants
             with
             the
             Crown
             ,
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             and
             made
             Currant
             by
             the
             same
             Indentures
             ,
             or
             by
             Proclamations
             or
             Commands
             of
             the
             Sovereign
             :
             Which
             Proportions
             of
             Fineness
             and
             Allay
             ,
             have
             differed
             from
             time
             to
             time
             .
             And
             (
             having
             thus
             Expounded
             what
             is
             meant
             by
             Sterling
             and
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             )
             those
             Differences
             will
             come
             properly
             to
             be
             Considered
             .
          
           
             Second
             ,
             In
             the
             next
             Place
             therefore
             ,
             I
             am
             to
             set
             down
             Historically
             the
             Proportions
             of
             Fine
             Gold
             and
             Fine
             Silver
             ,
             with
             the
             respective
             Allays
             ,
             which
             the
             Masters
             or
             Workers
             of
             the
             Mint
             have
             been
             holden
             to
             observe
             in
             the
             Fabrication
             of
             the
             Moneys
             ,
             by
             their
             respective
             Indentures
             :
             Of
             which
             there
             is
             one
             mentioned
             in
             the
             
               Red
               Book
            
             ,
             to
             bear
             Date
             in
             the
             Eighteenth
             Year
             of
             King
             Edward
             the
             First
             ,
             who
             sent
             for
             Workmen
             
             from
             beyond
             Sea
             ,
             to
             inform
             him
             of
             the
             manner
             of
             Making
             and
             Forging
             of
             Money
             ;
             but
             not
             finding
             any
             Indenture
             by
             which
             one
             can
             judge
             certainly
             of
             the
             said
             Proportions
             ,
             till
             the
             Reign
             of
             Edward
             the
             Third
             ;
             from
             whose
             time
             the
             several
             Indentures
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             or
             most
             of
             them
             ,
             are
             in
             the
             Receipt
             of
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             in
             Custody
             of
             your
             Lordships
             and
             the
             Chamberlains
             there
             ,
             and
             where
             I
             have
             had
             the
             Opportunity
             carefully
             to
             Inspect
             and
             Examine
             the
             same
             .
             I
             shall
             therefore
             humbly
             take
             leave
             to
             begin
             with
             these
             ,
             and
             Proceed
             in
             the
             Order
             following
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Standard
             for
             the
             Gold
             Coins
             was
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             ,
             or
             Sterling
             of
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             ,
             Three
             Grains
             and
             Half
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Half
             a
             Grain
             Allay
             .
             And
             the
             Standard
             for
             the
             Silver
             Coins
             was
             the
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             of
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
          
           
             
             
               20
               E.
               3.
               
            
             
               23.
               
            
             
               27.
               
            
             
               30.
               
            
             
               46.
               
            
             
               18
               R.
               2.
               
            
             
               3
               H.
               4.
               
            
             
               9
               H.
               5.
               
            
             
               1
               H.
               6.
               
            
             
               4.
               
            
             
               24.
               
            
             
               49.
               
            
             
               5
               E.
               4.
               
            
             
               11.
               
            
             
               16.
               
            
             
               1
               R.
               3.
               
            
             
               29
               H.
               7.
               
            
          
           
             All
             these
             imported
             the
             same
             Standard
             ,
             as
             above
             ,
             both
             for
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
          
           
             
               Ralph
               Rowlett
            
             and
             
               Martin
               Bowes
            
             ,
             
             Masters
             and
             Workers
             ,
             Covenanted
             to
             make
             Two
             sorts
             of
             Gold
             Coins
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             Sovereigns
             ,
             Rialls
             ,
             Angels
             ,
             
             George-Nobles
             ,
             and
             Half-Angels
             of
             the
             said
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             ,
             and
             Crowns
             of
             the
             Double
             Rose
             ,
             and
             Half-Crowns
             to
             be
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             Silver
             Moneys
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Groats
             ,
             
             Half-Groats
             ,
             Sterlings
             ,
             Half-pence
             and
             Farthings
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             .
          
           
             
             Another
             Indenture
             to
             the
             same
             Effect
             .
          
           
             
             The
             said
             
               Ralph
               Rowlett
            
             and
             
               Martin
               Bowes
            
             ,
             Masters
             and
             Workers
             ,
             Covenanted
             to
             make
             the
             Sovereigns
             ,
             Half-Sovereigns
             ,
             Angels
             ,
             Angellets
             ,
             and
             Quarter-Angels
             of
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Fine
             Gold
             ,
             and
             One
             Carat
             Allay
             ;
             And
             Silver
             Money
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Testoons
             to
             go
             for
             Twelve
             Pence
             ;
             and
             Groats
             ,
             Half-Groats
             ,
             Pence
             ,
             Half-Pence
             and
             Farthings
             ,
             to
             be
             Ten
             Ounces
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Ounces
             Allay
             .
          
           
             
             The
             King
             was
             to
             have
             out
             of
             every
             Twelve
             Ounces
             of
             Fine
             Gold
             Coined
             Two
             Carats
             ,
             which
             yielded
             Fifty
             Shillings
             :
             And
             the
             Silver
             to
             be
             Coined
             after
             the
             Rate
             of
             Six
             Ounces
             Fine
             and
             Six
             Ounces
             Allay
             ;
             
               which
               was
               a
               wretched
               Debasement
            
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Gold
             Coins
             ,
             called
             Sovereigns
             ,
             Half-Sovereigns
             ,
             Crowns
             and
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             were
             to
             be
             only
             Twenty
             
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Four
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             the
             Silver
             Coins
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Testoons
             ,
             Groats
             ,
             Half-Groats
             ,
             Pence
             ,
             Half-Pence
             and
             Farthings
             to
             be
             Four
             Ounces
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eight
             Ounces
             Allay
             ,
             
               which
               was
               worse
            
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             with
             the
             last
             Preceding
             .
             
          
           
             A
             Commission
             to
             make
             Sovereigns
             ,
             
             Half-Sovereigns
             ,
             Crowns
             and
             Half-Crowns
             of
             Gold
             at
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             :
             And
             Shillings
             of
             Silver
             of
             Six
             Ounces
             Fine
             and
             Six
             Ounces
             Allay
             .
          
           
             Another
             to
             make
             Sovereigns
             ,
             
             Half-Sovereigns
             ,
             Crowns
             and
             Half-Crowns
             of
             Gold
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             ;
             Namely
             ,
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             Half
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Half
             a
             Grain
             Allay
             .
          
           
             Another
             to
             make
             Shillings
             of
             Silver
             ,
             
             Three
             Ounces
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Nine
             Ounces
             Allay
             .
          
           
             To
             Coin
             Sovereigns
             ,
             
             Angels
             and
             Half-Angels
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Three
             Grains
             and
             Half
             Fine
             ,
             and
             another
             
             sort
             of
             Gold
             ,
             to
             be
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Coin
             Silver
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             ,
             Six
             Pences
             ,
             Three
             Pences
             ,
             Pence
             ,
             Half-Pence
             and
             Farthings
             ,
             Eleven
             Ounces
             One
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Nineteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Coin
             Gold
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             ,
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             Half
             Fine
             ;
             and
             Silver
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Fine
             .
          
           
             
             The
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             for
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Coin
             one
             sort
             of
             Gold
             of
             the
             said
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             ,
             and
             another
             sort
             to
             be
             only
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             Silver
             Moneys
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             .
          
           
             
             Two
             Mints
             were
             in
             the
             Tower
             ,
             whereof
             One
             to
             convert
             the
             Base
             Money
             into
             Sterling
             ,
             which
             continued
             about
             a
             Year
             .
             And
             here
             it
             may
             not
             be
             improper
             to
             Note
             ,
             that
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             
             the
             Queen
             in
             a
             Publick
             Edict
             ,
             told
             her
             People
             ,
             That
             she
             had
             Conquered
             the
             Monster
             which
             had
             so
             
             long
             devoured
             them
             ;
             meaning
             the
             Debasing
             of
             the
             Standard
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             perfectly
             restored
             both
             for
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Coins
             .
             
          
           
             The
             same
             continued
             .
             
          
           
             The
             same
             for
             Gold.
             
             
          
           
             A
             Commission
             to
             make
             Sovereigns
             ,
             
             Half-Sovereigns
             ,
             Crowns
             and
             Half-Crowns
             of
             Gold
             to
             be
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             Angel-Gold
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Three
             Grains
             and
             half
             Fine
             ,
             
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             ;
             and
             to
             make
             Sovereigns
             ,
             &c.
             
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             to
             make
             Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             ,
             &c.
             of
             Silver
             Eleven
             Ounces
             and
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             ,
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             .
          
           
             To
             Coin
             the
             Unites
             ,
             
             Double
             Crowns
             ,
             British
             Crowns
             ,
             &c.
             of
             Gold
             to
             be
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             for
             Silver
             continued
             .
          
           
           
             
             To
             Coin
             Rose-Rialls
             ,
             Spur-Rialls
             ,
             and
             Angels
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             of
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             half
             Fine
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Coin
             Rialls
             of
             the
             same
             Standard
             ,
             and
             Unites
             ,
             &c.
             
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Coin
             Rialls
             and
             Angels
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             of
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             half
             Fine
             ,
             and
             half
             a
             Grain
             Allay
             ;
             and
             to
             Coin
             Unites
             and
             Crowns
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             to
             Coin
             the
             Silver
             Moneys
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             of
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Coin
             Rialls
             and
             Angels
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             of
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             ,
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             half
             Fine
             ,
             and
             half
             a
             Grain
             Allay
             ;
             and
             to
             Coin
             Unites
             and
             Crowns
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             Silver
             Moneys
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             of
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
          
           
           
             To
             Coin
             the
             Pieces
             (
             since
             called
             Guineas
             )
             running
             for
             Twenty
             Shillings
             ,
             
             Half-Guineas
             ,
             &c.
             
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             Silver
             Moneys
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             .
          
           
             To
             Coin
             Ten
             Shilling
             Pieces
             ,
             
             Twenty
             Shilling
             Pieces
             ,
             Fourty
             Shilling
             Pieces
             ,
             and
             Five
             Pound
             Pieces
             ,
             of
             Gold
             of
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             and
             Silver
             Moneys
             of
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             of
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             Standard
             for
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
             
          
           
             Upon
             duly
             considering
             this
             History
             or
             Relation
             for
             so
             many
             years
             past
             ,
             it
             may
             not
             be
             improper
             to
             Observe
             to
             your
             Lordships
             thereupon
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             above
             Four
             hundred
             Years
             ago
             ,
             the
             Standard
             for
             the
             Silver
             Coins
             was
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             .
             And
             so
             it
             is
             at
             
             this
             day
             by
             the
             present
             Indenture
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             is
             that
             which
             was
             called
             the
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             ,
             or
             Easterling
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             the
             Standard
             for
             the
             Gold
             Coins
             Four
             hundred
             Years
             ago
             ,
             was
             Twenty
             three
             Carats
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             half
             Fine
             ,
             and
             half
             a
             Grain
             Allay
             .
             And
             at
             this
             day
             the
             Standard
             of
             Gold
             by
             the
             Indenture
             of
             the
             Mint
             is
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             ;
             the
             difference
             of
             which
             is
             only
             One
             Carat
             Three
             Grains
             and
             an
             half
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             the
             
               Old
               Standard
            
             obtained
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             the
             said
             Number
             of
             Years
             ,
             and
             the
             chief
             Deviations
             from
             the
             same
             were
             in
             the
             Reigns
             of
             Henry
             the
             Eighth
             ,
             and
             Edward
             the
             Sixth
             .
          
           
             The
             which
             being
             premised
             ,
             the
             Third
             thing
             coming
             under
             Consideration
             concerning
             such
             new
             Coins
             as
             His
             Majesty
             shall
             think
             fit
             to
             Direct
             ,
             is
             my
             own
             poor
             Opinion
             ,
             which
             I
             humbly
             offer
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             I
             conceive
             )
             with
             some
             clearness
             ,
             
               That
               
               the
               present
               Standard
               of
               Fineness
               ,
               or
               Purity
               ought
               to
               be
               continued
               ,
               namely
               ,
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               for
               the
               Gold
               ;
               and
               Eleven
               Ounces
               Two
               Peny
               Weight
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Eighteen
               Peny
               Weight
               Allay
               for
               the
               Silver
               ,
               in
               all
               the
               New
               Coins
               that
               shall
               be
               now
               directed
               .
            
             And
             my
             Reasons
             for
             the
             same
             are
             as
             follows
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             Because
             our
             Ancestors
             (
             whose
             wisdom
             we
             have
             no
             cause
             to
             distrust
             )
             have
             for
             many
             Ages
             endeavoured
             to
             keep
             up
             the
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             ,
             or
             to
             a
             Standard
             very
             near
             it
             ;
             which
             obtained
             (
             as
             evidently
             appears
             by
             the
             foregoing
             Narrative
             )
             for
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             Four
             hundred
             years
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             Although
             the
             former
             Debasements
             of
             the
             Coins
             by
             Publick
             Authority
             ,
             especially
             those
             in
             the
             Reigns
             of
             King
             Henry
             the
             Eighth
             ,
             and
             King
             Edward
             the
             Sixth
             ,
             might
             be
             projected
             for
             the
             Profit
             of
             the
             Crown
             ;
             and
             the
             Projectors
             might
             measure
             that
             Profit
             by
             the
             excessive
             Quantities
             of
             Allay
             that
             were
             mixt
             with
             the
             Silver
             or
             the
             Gold
             :
             And
             although
             this
             was
             Enterprized
             by
             a
             Prince
             who
             could
             stretch
             his
             Prerogative
             very
             far
             upon
             his
             People
             ;
             and
             was
             done
             in
             Times
             when
             this
             Nation
             had
             
             very
             little
             Commerce
             ,
             Inland
             or
             Foreign
             ,
             to
             be
             injured
             or
             prejudiced
             thereby
             :
             Yet
             Experience
             presently
             shewed
             that
             the
             Projectors
             were
             mistaken
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             was
             absolutely
             necessary
             to
             have
             the
             base
             Moneys
             reformed
             ;
             the
             doing
             whereof
             was
             begun
             by
             King
             Edward
             the
             Sixth
             himself
             ,
             carried
             on
             by
             King
             Philip
             and
             Queen
             Mary
             ,
             and
             happily
             finished
             (
             though
             not
             without
             great
             Charge
             ,
             Vexation
             and
             Trouble
             ,
             the
             only
             Offspring
             of
             such
             Designs
             )
             by
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             ,
             who
             (
             as
             is
             noted
             above
             )
             in
             the
             Third
             Year
             of
             her
             Reign
             ,
             when
             Money
             was
             not
             plentiful
             ,
             Erected
             a
             Distinct
             Mint
             in
             the
             Tower
             ,
             to
             convert
             the
             Base
             (
             not
             Counterfeit
             Money
             )
             into
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             Because
             making
             of
             Base
             Moneys
             will
             Disgrace
             this
             Government
             in
             future
             Generations
             ,
             the
             Criticks
             in
             every
             Age
             being
             apt
             to
             Estimate
             the
             Goodness
             or
             Badness
             of
             Ancient
             Governments
             by
             their
             Coin
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             done
             ,
             especially
             in
             the
             Case
             of
             the
             Romans
             ;
             and
             a
             Temptation
             of
             this
             kind
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             left
             for
             future
             Ages
             ,
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             present
             King.
             
          
           
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             Although
             it
             must
             be
             acknowledged
             ,
             That
             the
             putting
             a
             greater
             Allay
             into
             the
             Coins
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             they
             should
             still
             retain
             so
             much
             Purity
             or
             Fineness
             as
             would
             render
             them
             answerable
             to
             the
             Currant
             Price
             of
             Silver
             in
             Bullion
             ,
             would
             be
             no
             real
             Injury
             to
             the
             Subject
             :
             Yet
             it
             must
             be
             considered
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Causes
             which
             at
             present
             make
             Silver
             Scarce
             and
             Dear
             shall
             cease
             ,
             Silver
             it self
             will
             fall
             in
             its
             Price
             .
             And
             if
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Coins
             shall
             have
             been
             Debased
             ,
             then
             after
             the
             Retrieving
             of
             the
             Trade
             and
             Wealth
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             and
             the
             Bringing
             down
             of
             the
             Price
             of
             Silver
             thereby
             ,
             the
             Damage
             which
             the
             Crown
             will
             sustain
             in
             its
             Taxes
             ,
             Revenues
             and
             Loans
             ,
             and
             the
             Loss
             which
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             Gentry
             and
             Commonalty
             (
             especially
             Ecclesiastical
             Persons
             )
             will
             find
             thereby
             ,
             in
             the
             payment
             of
             their
             Debts
             ,
             Rents
             and
             Annuities
             (
             many
             of
             which
             are
             so
             Fixt
             and
             Establisht
             upon
             previous
             Reservations
             or
             Grants
             in
             Fee
             ,
             or
             in
             Tail
             ,
             or
             for
             Lives
             ,
             or
             Years
             certain
             ,
             or
             are
             so
             payable
             by
             Assurances
             ,
             already
             perfected
             ,
             as
             that
             it
             will
             not
             be
             in
             their
             powers
             to
             alter
             the
             same
             proportionably
             to
             the
             Debasement
             
             of
             the
             Coin
             ,
             and
             the
             loss
             or
             damage
             ,
             after
             such
             Bringing
             down
             the
             Price
             of
             Silver
             ,
             will
             be
             proportionable
             to
             the
             excessive
             Allay
             to
             be
             put
             into
             the
             Money
             )
             will
             continue
             and
             have
             duration
             at
             least
             till
             all
             such
             Base
             Money
             can
             be
             abated
             :
             The
             meer
             Reforming
             of
             which
             would
             take
             up
             a
             considerable
             time
             ,
             and
             be
             a
             new
             trouble
             and
             difficulty
             after
             the
             Ending
             of
             the
             present
             War
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             Re-establishment
             of
             the
             Trade
             and
             Wealth
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             Fifthly
             ,
             Our
             present
             Standard
             is
             well
             known
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             the
             same
             agreeing
             with
             most
             of
             the
             Foreign
             Mints
             in
             Europe
             ,
             and
             all
             Foreigners
             that
             deal
             with
             us
             ,
             regard
             the
             Intrinsick
             Value
             more
             than
             the
             Extrinsick
             Denomination
             ,
             and
             Exchange
             with
             us
             accordingly
             .
             If
             Base
             Money
             should
             be
             made
             ,
             the
             Intrinsick
             Value
             thereof
             would
             be
             uncertain
             ,
             or
             might
             be
             disputed
             ;
             and
             in
             Disputes
             of
             such
             a
             Nature
             ,
             it
             is
             more
             likely
             that
             they
             will
             gain
             upon
             us
             ,
             than
             we
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             Exchange
             become
             more
             to
             our
             prejudice
             than
             it
             is
             at
             present
             .
          
           
           
             Sixthly
             ,
             The
             Debasing
             of
             Money
             by
             Publick
             Authority
             is
             needless
             and
             frivolous
             ;
             for
             whatsoever
             Advantages
             (
             grounded
             upon
             necessity
             )
             can
             be
             propos'd
             thereby
             ,
             will
             arise
             more
             easily
             ,
             and
             have
             better
             Precedents
             in
             Raising
             the
             Value
             of
             the
             Standard
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             next
             Subject
             to
             be
             Discussed
             :
             Not
             doubting
             but
             that
             your
             Lordships
             by
             these
             ,
             and
             other
             Reasons
             which
             might
             be
             given
             (
             if
             they
             were
             not
             too
             tedious
             )
             will
             be
             fully
             convinc'd
             ,
             That
             
               the
               present
               Standard
            
             of
             Fineness
             is
             to
             be
             continued
             .
          
           
             The
             Fourth
             thing
             which
             I
             have
             undertaken
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Standard
             ,
             is
             to
             set
             forth
             how
             the
             Value
             of
             the
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             in
             the
             
               English
               Coins
            
             hath
             been
             Rais'd
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             which
             considers
             the
             Weight
             and
             Number
             of
             the
             Pieces
             in
             the
             Pound
             Troy.
             And
             because
             (
             in
             case
             of
             new
             making
             Silver
             Moneys
             )
             the
             Adjusting
             and
             Establishing
             the
             
               Extrinsick
               Value
               or
               Denomination
            
             thereof
             ,
             at
             which
             the
             same
             must
             have
             
             Course
             ,
             is
             of
             the
             greatest
             Moment
             and
             Consideration
             in
             this
             Affair
             ,
             both
             to
             the
             King
             and
             all
             his
             People
             ;
             I
             could
             not
             spare
             my self
             the
             trouble
             of
             making
             the
             following
             Deduction
             from
             the
             Indentures
             of
             the
             Mint
             ;
             which
             being
             duly
             meditated
             upon
             ,
             will
             give
             a
             good
             deal
             of
             Light
             and
             Precedent
             for
             the
             Rates
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             Value
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             in
             our
             Coins
             are
             to
             be
             Raised
             and
             Established
             at
             this
             time
             .
          
           
             
             An
             Indented
             Tryal-piece
             of
             the
             goodness
             of
             
               Old
               Sterling
            
             was
             lodged
             in
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             and
             every
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             ,
             of
             such
             Silver
             was
             to
             be
             shorn
             at
             Twenty
             Shillings
             Three
             Pence
             ,
             according
             to
             which
             ,
             the
             Value
             of
             the
             Silver
             in
             the
             Coin
             ,
             was
             One
             Shilling
             Eight
             Pence
             Farthing
             an
             Ounce
             .
          
           
             
               Memorandum
               ,
               I
               find
               no
               farther
               Indentures
               concerning
               this
               Matter
               ,
               from
               Edward
               the
               First
               ,
               till
               Edward
               the
               Third
               .
            
             
             
               Every
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               abovementioned
               ,
               
               namely
               ,
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               ,
               Three
               Grains
               and
               a
               Half
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Half
               a
               Grain
               Allay
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               Coin'd
               into
               Fifty
               Florences
               ,
               to
               be
               Currant
               at
               Six
               Shillings
               apiece
               ;
               all
               which
               made
               in
               Tale
               Fifteen
               Pounds
               ,
               or
               into
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Half-Florences
               ,
               or
               Quarter-Florences
               :
               This
               was
               by
               Indenture
               between
               the
               King
               and
               
                 Walter
                 de
                 Dunflower
              
               ,
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               abovementioned
               ,
               
               was
               to
               contain
               Thirty
               nine
               Nobles
               and
               an
               Half
               ,
               at
               Six
               Shillings
               Eight
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               amounting
               in
               the
               whole
               to
               Thirteen
               Pounds
               Three
               Shillings
               and
               Four
               Pence
               in
               Tale
               ,
               or
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Half-Nobles
               ,
               and
               Quarter-Nobles
               :
               Which
               was
               by
               an
               Indenture
               between
               the
               King
               and
               
                 Percivall
                 de
                 Perche
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               Memorandum
               ,
               By
               this
               Indenture
               the
               Tryal
               of
               the
               Pix
               was
               Established
               .
            
             
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               ,
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               Fourty
               Two
               Nobles
               at
               Six
               Shillings
               Eight
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               amounting
               to
               Fourteen
               Pounds
               ,
               or
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Half-Nobles
               ,
               and
               Quarter-Nobles
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               Silver
               was
               to
               make
               Twenty
               two
               Shillings
               Six
               Pence
               :
               And
               
                 Percival
                 de
                 Perche
              
               was
               Master
               .
            
             
               
               The
               like
               when
               
                 Iohn
                 Donative
              
               ,
               of
               the
               Castle
               of
               Florence
               ,
               and
               
                 Philip
                 Iohn
                 Denier
              
               were
               Masters
               and
               Workers
               .
            
          
           
             
               Memorandum
               ,
               By
               this
               Indenture
               were
               also
               Coined
               Half-pence
               and
               Farthings
               of
               Silver
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               Fourty
               five
               Nobles
               ,
               amounting
               to
               Fifteen
               Pounds
               ,
               or
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Half
               or
               Quarter
               Nobles
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               ,
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               
               Seventy
               five
               Grosses
               (
               
                 i.
                 e.
              
               Groats
               )
               amounting
               to
               Twenty
               five
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               and
               fifty
               Half-Grosses
               ,
               going
               for
               Two
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Three
               hundred
               Sterlings
               going
               for
               Pence
               apiece
               :
               And
               
                 Henry
                 Brissell
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               ,
               
               only
               adding
               Half-Sterlings
               ,
               of
               which
               Six
               hundred
               in
               a
               Pound
               Troy.
               
            
             
               The
               like
               .
               
            
             
               The
               like
               :
               
               And
               
                 Bardet
                 de
                 Malepilys
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               :
               
               And
               
                 Nicholas
                 Malakin
              
               ,
               a
               Florentine
               ,
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               :
               
               And
               here
               Half-pence
               are
               called
               Mailes
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               Fifty
               Nobles
               ,
               
               or
               One
               hundred
               Half
               Nobles
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               Quarter
               Nobles
               ,
               amounting
               to
               Sixteen
               Pounds
               ,
               Thirteen
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               Four
               Pence
               in
               Tale.
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               ,
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               Ninety
               Grosses
               
               or
               Groats
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               and
               eighty
               Half-Groz
               ,
               or
               Three
               hundred
               and
               Sixty
               Sterlings
               ,
               or
               Seven
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               Mailes
               ,
               or
               One
               thousand
               four
               hundred
               and
               fourty
               Farthings
               ,
               amounting
               to
               Thirty
               Shillings
               :
               And
               
                 Bartholomew
                 Goldbeater
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               was
               Coin'd
               into
               Fourty
               five
               Rialls
               ,
               going
               for
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Half-Rialls
               ,
               going
               for
               Five
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Riall-Farthings
               ,
               going
               for
               Two
               Shillings
               and
               Six-pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               into
               Sixty
               Seven
               Angels
               and
               an
               Half
               ,
               going
               for
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Eight
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Angelets
               going
               for
               Three
               Shillings
               and
               Four
               Pence
               apiece
               :
               And
               consequently
               the
               Pound
               Troy
               of
               Gold
               was
               Coined
               into
               Twenty
               two
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               was
               Coined
               into
               One
               hundred
               and
               twelve
               Groats
               and
               an
               half
               ,
               making
               in
               Tale
               Thirty
               
               seven
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               ,
               or
               a
               proportionable
               Number
               of
               Half-Groz
               ,
               Sterlings
               or
               Pence
               ,
               Half-pence
               or
               Farthings
               :
               And
               here
               Sir
               
                 Giles
                 Dawbeny
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               Is
               the
               same
               with
               that
               of
               the
               Ninth
               of
               Henry
               the
               Fifth
               ,
               
               lowering
               the
               Gold
               to
               Sixteen
               Pounds
               Thirteen
               Shillings
               and
               Four
               Pence
               ,
               and
               the
               Silver
               Moneys
               to
               Thirty
               Shillings
               :
               And
               
                 Robert
                 Mansfeild
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
          
           
             
               Note
               ,
               Here
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Gold
               in
               the
               Coins
               was
               brought
               down
               again
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               .
               
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               Sixty
               seven
               Angels
               and
               an
               Half
               at
               Six
               Shillings
               Eight
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               amounting
               to
               Twenty
               two
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               One
               hundred
               and
               twelve
               Groats
               and
               an
               Half
               ,
               amounting
               
               to
               Thirty
               seven
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               ,
               or
               proportionably
               in
               the
               lesser
               Coins
               :
               And
               Sir
               
                 Richard
                 Constable
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               was
               to
               make
               by
               Tale
               Twenty
               Pounds
               Sixteen
               Shillings
               and
               Eight
               Pence
               ,
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               ,
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               ,
               was
               to
               make
               Thirty
               seven
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               last
               Article
               :
               And
               William
               Lord
               Hastings
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               was
               to
               make
               Fourty
               five
               Nobles
               going
               for
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Ninety
               Half
               Nobles
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               and
               Eighty
               Quarter
               Nobles
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               seven
               and
               an
               Half
               of
               the
               Pieces
               impress'd
               with
               Angels
               going
               for
               Six
               Shillings
               Eight
               Pence
               each
               ,
               and
               consequently
               was
               Coined
               into
               Twenty
               two
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               and
               the
               Silver
               Moneys
               were
               shorn
               at
               Thirty
               seven
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               Troy.
               This
               Indenture
               was
               
               between
               the
               King
               and
               the
               Lord
               Hastings
               His
               Chamberlain
               ,
               and
               Master
               and
               Worker
               and
               Warden
               of
               all
               his
               Exchanges
               and
               Outchanges
               in
               England
               and
               Calis
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               .
               
            
             
               The
               like
               .
               
            
             
               The
               like
               .
               
            
             
               The
               like
               :
               
               But
               
                 Bartholomew
                 Read
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               :
               
               And
               
                 Robert
                 Brackenbury
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               :
               
               And
               
                 Robert
                 Fenrother
              
               and
               
                 William
                 Read
              
               were
               Masters
               and
               Workers
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               such
               Gold
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               Twenty
               seven
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ;
               
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Twenty
               four
               Sovereigns
               ,
               at
               Twenty
               two
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Fourty
               eight
               Rialls
               at
               Eleven
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Seventy
               two
               Angels
               at
               Seven
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Eighty
               one
               
               George-Nobles
               at
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Eight
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               fourty
               and
               four
               Half-Angels
               at
               
               Three
               Shillings
               and
               Nine
               Pence
               apiece
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               sixty
               and
               two
               Fourty-peny
               Pieces
               ,
               at
               Three-Shillings
               and
               Four
               Pence
               apiece
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               Fineness
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               only
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               One
               hundred
               Crowns
               and
               an
               Half
               of
               the
               Double
               Rose
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               and
               one
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               making
               by
               Tale
               Twenty
               five
               Pounds
               two
               Shillings
               and
               Six
               Pence
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               One
               hundred
               and
               thirty
               five
               Groats
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               and
               seventy
               Half-Groats
               ,
               or
               Five-hundred
               and
               fourty
               Sterlings
               (
               
                 i.
                 e.
              
               Pence
               )
               or
               One
               thousand
               and
               eighty
               Half-pence
               ,
               or
               Two
               thousand
               one
               hundred
               and
               sixty
               Farthings
               ;
               and
               so
               every
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Sterling
               Silver
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               five
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               :
               And
               
                 Ralph
                 Rowlett
              
               and
               
                 Martin
                 Bowes
              
               were
               Masters
               and
               Workers
               .
            
             
               
               The
               like
               .
            
             
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               
               and
               One
               Carat
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Twenty
               eight
               Pounds
               Sixteen
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               (
               by
               which
               Indenture
               there
               were
               Coined
               Sovereigns
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Half-Sovereigns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               ,
               Angels
               at
               Eight
               Shillings
               ,
               Angelets
               at
               Four
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               Quarter
               Angelets
               at
               Two
               Shillings
               apiece
               )
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               Ten
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Ounces
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               eight
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               Namely
               ,
               into
               Testoons
               (
               going
               for
               Twelve
               Pence
               apiece
               )
               Groats
               ,
               Half-Groats
               ,
               Pence
               ,
               Half-Pence
               and
               Farthings
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ;
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Thirty
               Sovereigns
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               Half-Sovereigns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ;
               or
               One
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               Crowns
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               
               and
               fourty
               Half-Crowns
               :
               And
               the
               King
               had
               Two
               Carats
               of
               Fine
               Gold
               for
               Coinage
               ,
               which
               yielded
               him
               Fifty
               Shillings
               .
               And
               Silver
               was
               Coined
               by
               the
               same
               Indenture
               of
               Six
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Six
               Ounces
               Allay
               ,
               into
               Fourty
               eight
               Shillings
               by
               Tale.
               This
               Silver
               was
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               Testoons
               ,
               Groats
               ,
               Half-Groats
               ,
               Pence
               ,
               Half-Pence
               and
               Farthings
               ;
               and
               the
               Indenture
               was
               between
               the
               King
               and
               Sir
               
                 Martin
                 Bowes
              
               ,
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Four
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               last
               ;
               and
               the
               King
               had
               Four
               Carats
               ,
               which
               yielded
               him
               Five
               Pounds
               Two
               Shillings
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               Four
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Eight
               Ounces
               Allay
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               eight
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               which
               raised
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Fine
               Gold
               to
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               ;
               and
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Fine
               Silver
               to
               Seven
               Pounds
               Four
               Shillings
               .
            
             
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               
               and
               Four
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               the
               King
               had
               a
               great
               Profit
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               of
               Silver
               of
               Four
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Eight
               Ounces
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               eight
               Shillings
               ;
               after
               which
               Rate
               every
               Pound
               of
               Fine
               Silver
               made
               in
               Currant
               Money
               Seven
               Pounds
               Four
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               the
               King's
               Profit
               on
               every
               Pound
               Weight
               was
               Four
               Pounds
               Four
               Shillings
               :
               
                 Iohn
                 York
              
               and
               others
               were
               Masters
               and
               Workers
               of
               the
               Mint
               in
               Southwark
               .
            
             
               Another
               Indenture
               to
               the
               same
               Effect
               with
               
                 William
                 Tilsworth
              
               at
               Canterbury
               .
               
            
             
               Another
               Indenture
               to
               the
               same
               Effect
               with
               Sir
               
                 Martin
                 Bowes
              
               for
               the
               Tower.
               
               
            
             
               Another
               Indenture
               to
               the
               same
               Effect
               with
               
                 George
                 Gale
              
               for
               the
               Mint
               at
               York
               .
               
            
             
               Another
               Indenture
               to
               the
               same
               Effect
               with
               
                 Iohn
                 York
              
               for
               Southwark
               ,
               
               
               differing
               only
               in
               the
               Charge
               of
               Coinage
               .
            
             
               
               Another
               Indenture
               to
               the
               same
               Effect
               with
               
                 William
                 Tilsworth
              
               ,
               differing
               only
               in
               the
               Charge
               of
               Coinage
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               four
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               into
               Sovereigns
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Half-Sovereigns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Crowns
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               Half-Crowns
               at
               Two
               Shillings
               Six
               Pence
               apiece
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               Six
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Six
               Ounces
               Allay
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               Seventy
               two
               Shillings
               ;
               which
               Shillings
               were
               to
               go
               for
               Twelve
               Pence
               apiece
               by
               Tale
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               Merchant
               ,
               for
               every
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Fine
               Silver
               ,
               Received
               Three
               Pounds
               Four
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               the
               King
               above
               Four
               Pounds
               Gain
               ,
               by
               a
               Commission
               to
               Sir
               
                 Edmund
                 Peckham
              
               and
               others
               .
            
             
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               ,
               
               of
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               ,
               and
               Three
               Grains
               and
               a
               Half
               Fine
               ,
               was
               Coin'd
               into
               Twenty
               eight
               Pounds
               Sixteen
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Sovereigns
               at
               Twenty
               four
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Half-Sovereigns
               at
               Twelve
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Angels
               at
               Eight
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               and
               Half-Angels
               at
               Four
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               by
               a
               Commission
               to
               Sir
               
                 Edmund
                 Peckham
              
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               Three
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               
               and
               Nine
               Ounces
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Seventy
               two
               Shillings
               at
               Twelve
               Pence
               apiece
               ;
               And
               the
               Merchant
               Received
               for
               every
               Ounce
               of
               Fine
               Silver
               which
               he
               should
               bring
               to
               the
               Mint
               ,
               Ten
               Shillings
               of
               such
               Money
               ;
               by
               which
               means
               Twelve
               Ounces
               of
               Fine
               Silver
               was
               exorbitantly
               Raised
               to
               Fourteen
               Pounds
               eight
               Shillings
               ,
               by
               a
               Commission
               to
               Sir
               
                 Edmund
                 Peckham
              
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               aforesaid
               ,
               was
               Coined
               
               into
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               Twenty
               four
               Sovereigns
               at
               Thirty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Seventy
               two
               Angels
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               fourty
               four
               Half-Angels
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Crown
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coin'd
               into
               Thirty
               three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               viz.
               Thirty
               three
               Sovereigns
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               six
               Half-Sovereigns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               thirty
               two
               Crowns
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               sixty
               four
               Half-Crowns
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               ,
               consisting
               of
               Eleven
               Ounces
               ,
               One
               Peny
               Weight
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Nineteen
               Peny
               Weight
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coin'd
               into
               Three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               viz.
               Twelve
               Crowns
               ,
               or
               Twenty
               four
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               twenty
               Six-pences
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               fourty
               Three-pences
               or
               Seven
               hundred
               twenty
               Pence
               ,
               or
               One
               thousand
               four
               hundred
               and
               fourty
               Half-Pence
               ,
               or
               Two
               thousand
               
               eight
               hundred
               and
               eighty
               Farthings
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               Eleven
               Ounces
               Fine
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               :
               And
               
                 Thomas
                 Egerton
              
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               ,
               of
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               three
               Grains
               and
               an
               Half
               Fine
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ;
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Twenty
               four
               Sovereigns
               at
               Thirty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Forty
               eight
               Rialls
               at
               Fifteen
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Seventy
               two
               Angels
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               fourty
               and
               four
               Half-Angels
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               apiece
               :
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Crown
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Thirty
               three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               (
               to
               wit
               ,
               Thirty
               three
               Sovereigns
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               six
               Half-Sovereigns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               
               One
               hundred
               thirty
               two
               Crowns
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               sixty
               four
               Half-Crowns
               .
               )
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               Silver
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               Eleven
               Ounces
               Two
               Peny
               Weight
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Eighteen
               Peny
               Weight
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               of
               Half-Shillings
               ,
               Groats
               ,
               Quarter-Shillings
               ,
               Half-Groats
               ,
               Three-half-peny
               Pieces
               ,
               Pence
               and
               Farthings
               ,
               by
               Indenture
               between
               the
               Queen
               ,
               Sir
               
                 Thomas
                 Standly
              
               and
               others
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Iohn
                 Lonison
              
               ,
               Master
               and
               Worker
               ,
               Covenanted
               to
               Coin
               a
               Pound
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               into
               Seventy
               two
               Angels
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               One
               hundred
               fourty
               four
               Half-Angels
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               eighty
               eight
               Quarter-Angels
               ,
               amounting
               in
               Tale
               to
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               
                 Old
                 Sterling
              
               Silver
               into
               Half-Shillings
               ,
               Three-pences
               ,
               Three-half-peny
               Pieces
               ,
               or
               Three-farthing
               Pieces
               ,
               to
               make
               Three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale.
               
            
             
             
               
                 Richard
                 Martin
              
               Covenanted
               to
               Coin
               Gold
               ,
               
               as
               in
               the
               last
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               of
               Silver
               into
               Sixty
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               into
               Three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               in
               any
               of
               the
               Denominations
               mentioned
               in
               the
               last
               Indenture
               .
            
             
               A
               Commission
               to
               him
               to
               Coin
               the
               Pound
               Troy
               of
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               Gold
               into
               Fourty
               eight
               Nobles
               at
               Fifteen
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               
               or
               Twenty
               four
               Double
               Nobles
               at
               Thirty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               making
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               to
               Coin
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               into
               Thirty
               three
               Sovereigns
               ,
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               six
               Half-Sovereigns
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               thirty
               two
               Crowns
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               sixty
               four
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               making
               Thirty
               three
               Pounds
               by
               Tale.
               
            
             
               The
               same
               to
               Coin
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               Gold
               into
               Seventy
               three
               Angels
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               
               or
               One
               hundred
               fourty
               and
               six
               Half-Angels
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               
               ninety
               two
               Quarter
               Angels
               ,
               making
               Thirty
               six
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               in
               Tale
               ;
               and
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               into
               Thirty
               three
               Sovereigns
               and
               an
               Half
               ,
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               seven
               Half-Sovereigns
               ,
               or
               One
               hundred
               thirty
               four
               Crowns
               ,
               or
               Two
               hundred
               sixty
               eight
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               making
               Thirty
               three
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               in
               Tale
               ;
               and
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               Silver
               into
               Three
               Pounds
               two
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ;
               Namely
               ,
               into
               Crowns
               ,
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               Shillings
               ,
               Six-pences
               ,
               Two-pences
               ,
               Pence
               and
               Half-pence
               .
            
             
               
               Sir
               
                 Richard
                 Martyn
              
               Knight
               ,
               and
               
                 Richard
                 Martyn
              
               his
               Son
               ,
               Masters
               and
               Workers
               ,
               Covenanted
               to
               Coin
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               into
               Thirty
               seven
               Pounds
               four
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               viz.
               into
               Unites
               going
               for
               Twenty
               Shillings
               ,
               Double-Crowns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               ,
               
               Britain-Crowns
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               ,
               
               Thistle-Crowns
               at
               Four
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               Half-Crowns
               at
               Two
               Shillings
               Six-pence
               apiece
               ;
               And
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               said
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               ,
               into
               Sixty
               two
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ;
               Namely
               ,
               into
               Shillings
               ,
               Six-pences
               ,
               Two-Pences
               ,
               Pence
               ,
               Half-pence
               ,
               Crowns
               and
               Half-Crowns
               .
            
             
               
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               of
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               ,
               Three
               Grains
               and
               an
               Half
               Fine
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               Pound
               Ten
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ;
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Rose-Rialls
               at
               Thirty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Spur-Rialls
               at
               Fifteen
               Shillings
               ,
               and
               Angels
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               .
            
             
               There
               was
               a
               Proclamation
               for
               Raising
               Gold
               Two
               Shillings
               in
               every
               Twenty
               Shillings
               .
               
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               Gold
               was
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               four
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ;
               to
               wit
               ,
               Rose-Rialls
               ,
               Spur-Rialls
               ,
               and
               Angels
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               Pounds
               Eighteen
               Shillings
               and
               Four
               Pence
               ;
               
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Unites
               at
               Twenty
               two
               Shillings
               ,
               Double-Crowns
               at
               Eleven
               Shillings
               ,
               
               British-Crowns
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               and
               Six-pence
               ,
               Thistle-Crowns
               at
               Four
               Shillings
               and
               Four
               Pence
               Three
               Farthings
               ,
               or
               Half
               -
               British
               Crowns
               at
               Two
               Shillings
               and
               Nine
               Pence
               apiece
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               of
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               Three
               Grains
               and
               an
               Half
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Half
               a
               Grain
               Allay
               ,
               was
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               four
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Rose-Rialls
               at
               Thirty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               Spur-Rialls
               at
               Fifteen
               Shillings
               apiece
               ,
               or
               Angels
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               apiece
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Crown
               Gold
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               into
               Fourty
               one
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Unites
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               ,
               Double-Crowns
               at
               Ten
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               
               British-Crowns
               at
               Five
               Shillings
               apiece
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               of
               Eleven
               Ounces
               ,
               Two
               Peny
               Weight
               Fine
               ,
               into
               Sixty
               
               two
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ;
               Namely
               ,
               into
               Crowns
               ,
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               Shillings
               ,
               Half-shillings
               ,
               Two-pences
               ,
               Pence
               and
               Half-pence
               ,
               by
               Indenture
               between
               the
               King
               and
               Sir
               
                 Robert
                 Harleigh
              
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               both
               for
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               Moneys
               ,
               
               by
               Indenture
               between
               the
               King
               and
               Sir
               
                 Ralph
                 Freeman
              
               .
            
             
               An
               Indenture
               between
               the
               King
               and
               
                 Henry
                 Slingsby
              
               Master
               and
               Worker
               ,
               
               to
               Coin
               Crown
               Gold
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               into
               Fourty
               four
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ;
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Pieces
               to
               run
               for
               Ten
               Shillings
               ,
               Twenty
               Shillings
               ,
               Fourty
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               Five
               Pounds
               apiece
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               into
               Three
               Pounds
               Two
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               into
               Crowns
               ,
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               Shillings
               ,
               Half-shillings
               ,
               Groats
               ,
               Half-six-pences
               ,
               Half-Groats
               and
               Pence
               .
            
             
               A
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               to
               be
               Coined
               into
               Fourty
               four
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               
               by
               Tale
               ;
               and
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Silver
               of
               the
               
                 Old
                 Standard
              
               into
               Sixty
               two
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               just
               as
               the
               preceding
               Indenture
               :
               And
               
                 Thomas
                 Neale
                 Esq
              
               ;
               was
               Master
               and
               Worker
               .
            
             
               
               The
               like
               .
            
             
               By
               the
               careful
               observing
               of
               which
               Deduction
               here
               made
               ,
               from
               the
               Indentures
               of
               the
               Mint
               for
               above
               Four
               hundred
               Years
               past
               (
               many
               of
               which
               are
               yet
               extant
               ,
               and
               have
               been
               seen
               and
               examined
               by
               me
               )
               it
               doth
               evidently
               appear
               ,
               That
               it
               has
               been
               a
               Policy
               constantly
               Practised
               in
               the
               Mints
               of
               England
               (
               the
               like
               having
               indeed
               been
               done
               in
               all
               Foreign
               Mints
               belonging
               to
               other
               Governments
               )
               to
               Raise
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Coin
               in
               its
               Extrinsick
               Denomination
               ,
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               as
               any
               Exigence
               or
               Occasion
               required
               ;
               and
               more
               especially
               to
               Encourage
               the
               bringing
               of
               Bullion
               into
               the
               Realm
               to
               be
               Coined
               (
               though
               sometimes
               ,
               when
               the
               desired
               End
               was
               obtained
               ,
               the
               Value
               has
               been
               suffered
               to
               fall
               again
               .
               )
               
               So
               that
               in
               the
               whole
               Number
               of
               Years
               ,
               from
               the
               Twenty
               eighth
               of
               Edward
               the
               First
               ,
               until
               this
               time
               ,
               by
               such
               Variations
               the
               Extrinsick
               Value
               or
               Denomination
               of
               the
               Silver
               is
               Raised
               in
               about
               a
               Triple
               Proportion
               ;
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               In
               the
               Reign
               of
               the
               said
               King
               Edward
               the
               First
               (
               as
               is
               plain
               by
               this
               Narrative
               )
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               Troy
               of
               Sterling
               Silver
               was
               shorn
               at
               Twenty
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               ,
               and
               consequently
               Two
               hundred
               fourty
               three
               Pence
               ,
               or
               Twenty
               Shillings
               and
               One
               Fourth
               of
               a
               Shilling
               ,
               or
               One
               Pound
               and
               One
               Eightieth
               Part
               of
               a
               Pound
               by
               Tale
               ,
               were
               then
               Coin'd
               ,
               out
               of
               the
               said
               Pound
               Weight
               Troy
               :
               Whereas
               at
               this
               day
               ,
               and
               for
               about
               Ninety
               years
               past
               ,
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               Troy
               of
               like
               Silver
               ,
               is
               and
               hath
               been
               Coin'd
               into
               Seven
               hundred
               fourty
               four
               Pence
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               two
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               Three
               Pounds
               ,
               and
               One
               tenth
               of
               a
               Pound
               by
               Tale
               ,
               the
               Pound
               Weight
               Troy
               having
               then
               and
               now
               the
               same
               Weight
               and
               Fineness
               .
               And
               as
               to
               the
               Gold
               ,
               I
               need
               only
               to
               observe
               from
               the
               foregoing
               Deduction
               ,
               That
               in
               the
               Eighteenth
               of
               Edward
               the
               First
               ,
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               Fine
               ,
               
               Twenty
               three
               Carats
               ,
               Three
               Grains
               and
               one
               Half
               ,
               was
               Coin'd
               into
               Fifteen
               Pounds
               by
               Tale
               :
               Whereas
               at
               this
               day
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               Gold
               ,
               of
               the
               Fineness
               only
               of
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               ,
               is
               Coin'd
               into
               Fourty
               four
               Pounds
               Ten
               Shillings
               .
               And
               this
               Method
               of
               Raising
               the
               Extrinsick
               Value
               of
               the
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               ,
               in
               the
               Denominations
               of
               the
               Coins
               ,
               as
               it
               hath
               been
               constant
               almost
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               every
               King
               ,
               so
               no
               Inconvenience
               ,
               Disgrace
               or
               Mischief
               (
               as
               can
               be
               observed
               )
               has
               ever
               accrued
               by
               the
               doing
               thereof
               at
               any
               time
               ,
               when
               a
               Just
               ,
               Necessary
               or
               Reasonable
               Cause
               gave
               Occasion
               thereunto
               .
            
             
               The
               which
               being
               Premised
               ,
               and
               every
               Project
               for
               Debasing
               the
               Money
               (
               by
               the
               Reason
               before
               given
               )
               being
               Rejected
               as
               Dangerous
               ,
               Dishonourable
               and
               Needless
               :
               It
               remains
               that
               our
               Nation
               in
               its
               present
               Exigence
               ,
               may
               avail
               it self
               ,
               by
               Raising
               the
               Value
               of
               its
               Coins
               ,
               and
               this
               may
               be
               effected
               ,
               either
               by
               making
               the
               respective
               Pieces
               called
               Crowns
               ,
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               Shillings
               ,
               &c.
               to
               be
               lesser
               in
               Weight
               ,
               or
               by
               continuing
               the
               same
               Weight
               or
               Bigness
               ,
               which
               is
               at
               present
               in
               the
               Unclipt
               Moneys
               ,
               
               and
               Ordaining
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               that
               every
               such
               Piece
               shall
               be
               Currant
               at
               a
               higher
               Price
               in
               Tale.
               
            
             
               But
               before
               I
               proceed
               to
               give
               my
               Opinion
               upon
               this
               Subject
               ,
               it
               seems
               necessary
               for
               me
               to
               assert
               and
               prove
               an
               Hypothesis
               ,
               which
               is
               this
               ,
               namely
               ,
               
                 That
                 making
                 the
                 Pieces
                 less
                 ,
                 or
                 ordaining
                 the
                 respective
                 Pieces
                 (
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Weight
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 Currant
                 at
                 a
                 higher
                 Rate
                 ,
                 may
                 equally
                 raise
                 the
                 Value
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 in
                 our
                 Coins
                 .
              
               The
               former
               of
               these
               finds
               many
               Precedents
               in
               the
               Indentures
               above
               recited
               ,
               but
               the
               latter
               seems
               more
               suitable
               to
               our
               present
               Circumstances
               ,
               as
               will
               afterwards
               be
               shewed
               more
               at
               large
               .
            
             
               This
               Hypothesis
               or
               Theorem
               is
               easily
               demonstrated
               thus
               ,
               Let
               it
               be
               granted
               ,
               That
               a
               Crown
               Piece
               by
               the
               
                 present
                 Standard
              
               contains
               in
               
                 Sterling
                 Silver
              
               (
               as
               it
               really
               doth
               )
               Nineteen
               Peny
               Weight
               ,
               and
               354838
               /
               1000000
               parts
               of
               a
               Peny
               Weight
               :
               Or
               (
               which
               is
               the
               same
               thing
               )
               Nineteen
               peny
               Weight
               Eight
               Grains
               and
               an
               Half
               ,
               and
               a
               very
               small
               
               fractional
               part
               more
               ,
               going
               at
               this
               time
               for
               Five
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               Sixty
               Pence
               .
               And
               let
               it
               be
               supposed
               (
               which
               is
               practicable
               ,
               and
               the
               thing
               aimed
               at
               )
               that
               this
               very
               Crown
               Piece
               be
               ordained
               to
               pass
               for
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               ,
               or
               (
               which
               is
               equal
               )
               Seventy
               five
               Pence
               .
               Then
               I
               say
               by
               Inverse
               Proportion
               ,
               as
               Seventy
               five
               Pence
               are
               to
               Sixty
               Pence
               ,
               so
               Sixty
               will
               be
               to
               Fourty
               eight
               Pence
               ,
               which
               are
               equal
               to
               Four
               Shillings
               .
               From
               whence
               I
               infer
               ,
               That
               if
               the
               Extrinsick
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               now
               in
               a
               Crown
               were
               to
               be
               Rais'd
               to
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               (
               by
               diminishing
               the
               Weight
               of
               the
               Piece
               according
               to
               former
               Precedents
               )
               then
               such
               Diminitive
               Crown
               must
               weight
               only
               Four
               fifths
               of
               the
               said
               19.354838
               /
               1000000
               Peny
               Weight
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               it
               must
               weigh
               Fifteen
               Peny
               Weight
               ,
               and
               4833704
               /
               10000000
               parts
               of
               a
               Peny
               Weight
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               case
               Five
               Three
               Pences
               to
               be
               Coin'd
               in
               the
               same
               Proportion
               ,
               to
               compleat
               the
               Rais'd
               Value
               of
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               
               Pence
               ,
               must
               weigh
               One
               fourth
               part
               of
               the
               Diminitive
               Crown
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Margin
               .
               
               Again
               (
               by
               direct
               Proportion
               )
               if
               15.4838704
               Peny
               Weight
               of
               
                 Sterling
                 Silver
              
               is
               to
               go
               or
               be
               Currant
               for
               Five
               Shillings
               ,
               of
               Sixty
               Pence
               ,
               then
               19.354838
               Peny
               Weight
               of
               
                 Sterling
                 Silver
              
               (
               which
               is
               the
               Quantity
               in
               an
               Unclipt
               Crown
               by
               the
               
                 present
                 Standard
              
               ,
               and
               equal
               to
               the
               Sum
               or
               Aggregate
               of
               the
               other
               Two
               Quantities
               )
               ought
               to
               go
               and
               be
               Currant
               for
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               ,
               or
               Seventy
               five
               Pence
               ,
               and
               consequently
               will
               Raise
               the
               Extrinsick
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               diminishing
               the
               Pieces
               would
               do
               ;
               which
               was
               to
               be
               demonstrated
               .
            
             
               And
               now
               (
               having
               cleared
               my
               way
               )
               I
               humbly
               take
               leave
               to
               offer
               my
               Opinion
               ,
               
                 That
                 all
                 such
                 Silver
                 Moneys
                 as
                 are
                 after
                 Enumerated
                 of
                 the
                 Lawful
                 Coins
                 of
                 this
                 Realm
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               
               
                 which
                 are
                 now
                 in
                 being
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 diminished
                 by
                 Clipping
                 ,
                 Rounding
                 ,
                 Filing
                 ,
                 Washing
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Artifice
                 ,
                 be
                 Rais'd
                 by
                 Publick
                 Authority
                 to
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 Six
                 shillings
                 
                 and
                 Three
                 pence
                 for
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 proportionably
                 for
                 the
                 other
              
               Species
               ,
               
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 Crown
                 to
                 go
                 for
                 Seventy
                 five
                 pence
                 ,
                 the
                 Half-Crown
                 to
                 go
                 for
                 Thirty
                 seven
                 pence
                 and
                 an
                 half-peny
                 ,
                 the
                 Shilling
                 for
                 Fifteen
                 pence
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Half-shilling
                 for
                 Seven
                 pence
                 half-peny
                 ,
                 leaving
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 old
                 Vnclipt
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Thirteen
                 pence
                 half-peny
                 ,
                 the
                 Nine
                 pence
                 ,
                 the
                 Groat
                 ,
                 Two
                 pence
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 few
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 worn
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 upon
                 their
                 present
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 find
                 their
                 Values
                 in
                 pence
                 ,
                 and
                 parts
                 of
                 a
                 peny
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 New
                 Coins
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 either
                 of
                 the
                 Clipt
                 Money
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 any
                 other
              
               Sterling
               Silver
               ,
               
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 respective
                 Weights
                 or
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 present
                 Indenture
                 of
                 the
                 Mint
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 One
                 Piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Sceptre
               ,
               
                 or
                 the
              
               Silver-Unite
               ,
               
                 or
                 by
                 such
                 other
                 Name
                 as
                 His
                 Majesty
                 shall
                 Appoint
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 exactly
                 of
                 the
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Vnclipt
                 Crown
                 Piece
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Seventy
                 five
                 Pence
              
               Sterling
               ;
               
                 of
                 which
                 Pieces
                 so
                 made
                 ,
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Twelve
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 fifths
                 of
                 such
                 piece
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ;
               
                 and
                 Three
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Pieces
                 called
              
               Sceptres
               or
               Unites
               ,
               
                 or
                 by
                 such
                 other
                 Name
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 Fifteen
                 Peny
                 Piece
                 ,
                 after
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 shall
                 make
                 by
                 Tale
                 One
                 Pound
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 or
                 One
                 Pound
                 of
                 Lawful
                 Money
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               
                 in
                 all
                 Accounts
                 and
                 Lawful
                 Payments
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 Another
                 Piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Half-Sceptre
               or
               Half-Unite
               ,
               
                 or
                 by
                 such
                 other
                 Name
                 as
                 His
                 Majesty
                 shall
                 Appoint
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 a
                 present
                 Vnclipt
                 Half-Crown
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Thirty
                 seven
                 Pence
                 and
                 an
                 Half-peny
              
               Sterling
               ;
               
                 of
                 which
                 Pieces
                 last
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Twenty
                 four
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Fifths
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Piece
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ;
               
                 and
                 Six
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Pieces
                 called
              
               Half-Sceptres
               or
               Half-Unites
               ,
               
                 or
                 by
                 such
                 other
                 Name
                 as
                 His
                 Majesty
                 shall
                 Appoint
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 One
                 Fifteen
                 Peny
                 Piece
                 aftermentioned
                 ,
                 shall
                 make
                 by
                 Tale
                 One
                 Pound
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 or
                 One
                 Pound
                 of
                 Lawful
              
               English
               
                 Money
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 Accounts
                 and
                 Legal
                 Payments
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 One
                 other
                 Piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Testoon
               ,
               
                 or
                 Fifteen
                 Peny
                 Piece
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 a
                 present
                 Vnclipt
                 Shilling
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Fifteen
                 Pence
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Sixty
                 two
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ,
               
                 and
                 Sixteen
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Pieces
                 called
              
               
               Testoons
               ,
               
                 or
                 Fifteen
                 Peny
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 shall
                 make
                 in
                 Tale
                 One
                 Pound
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 or
                 One
                 Pound
                 of
                 Lawful
              
               English
               
                 Money
                 ;
                 or
                 Ten
                 of
                 these
              
               Testoons
               ,
               
                 together
                 with
                 Two
                 such
                 Grosses
                 or
                 Groats
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 after
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Mark
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 or
                 Five
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 One
                 such
                 Gross
                 or
                 Groat
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Noble
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Law
                 used
                 to
                 call
                 the
              
               Hauf
               Merk
               ,
               
                 or
                 Eight
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 Angel
                 ,
                 or
                 Four
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 or
                 Two
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 Half-Crown
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 proportionably
                 varied
                 ,
                 many
                 other
                 ways
                 in
                 all
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 Reckonings
                 and
                 Legal
                 Payments
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 One
                 other
                 Piece
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Half-Testoon
               ,
               
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 the
                 Half-shilling
                 by
                 the
              
               present
               Standard
               ,
               
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Seven
                 Pence
                 Half-peny
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 One
                 hundred
                 twenty
                 four
                 in
                 the
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ;
               
                 and
                 Thirty
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Pieces
                 to
                 be
                 called
              
               Half-Testoons
               ,
               
                 shall
                 make
                 in
                 Tale
                 One
                 Pound
              
               Sterling
               ;
               
                 or
                 Twenty
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 with
                 Two
                 of
                 the
                 Grosses
                 or
                 Groats
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Mark
                 in
                 Tale
                 ;
                 or
                 Ten
                 of
                 these
              
               Half-Testoons
               ,
               
                 with
                 one
                 Gross
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Noble
                 ;
                 or
                 Eight
                 of
                 the
                 said
              
               Half-Testoons
               
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Crown
                 by
                 Tale
                 ;
                 or
                 
                 Five
                 of
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Half-Groat
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 the
                 Half-Noble
                 ,
                 or
                 Three
                 Shillings
                 and
                 Four-pence
                 by
                 Tale
                 ,
                 or
                 Four
                 of
                 the
                 said
              
               Half-Testoons
               ,
               
                 will
                 make
                 an
                 Half-Crown
                 ;
                 or
                 Thirty
                 two
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 Twenty
                 Shillings
                 by
                 Tale
                 ,
                 or
                 Sixteen
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 Ten
                 Shillings
                 by
                 Tale
                 ;
                 or
                 eight
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 Five
                 Shillings
                 by
                 Tale
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 may
                 many
                 other
                 ways
                 be
                 proportionably
                 varied
                 in
                 all
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 Reckonings
                 and
                 Legal
                 Payments
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 One
                 other
                 piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Gross
               
                 or
                 Five-peny
                 piece
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 a
                 Groat
                 by
                 the
              
               present
               Standard
               ,
               
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Five
                 pence
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 One
                 hundred
                 eighty
                 six
                 in
                 the
                 pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ;
               
                 and
                 Fourty
                 eight
                 of
                 the
                 said
              
               Grosses
               
                 or
                 Five-peny
                 pieces
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 in
                 Tale
                 One
                 pound
              
               Sterling
               ;
               
                 or
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 many
                 Cases
                 (
                 too
                 tedious
                 here
                 to
                 enumerate
                 )
                 will
                 answer
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Denominations
                 of
                 Pounds
                 ,
                 Marks
                 ,
                 Half-Marks
                 ,
                 Quarter-Marks
                 ,
                 Angels
                 ,
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 Half-Crowns
                 ,
                 Shillings
                 and
                 Pence
                 used
                 in
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Acts
                 of
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 Records
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Legal
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 continued
                 .
                 One
                 other
                 piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 
                 called
                 the
              
               Quarter-Testoon
               ,
               
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 a
                 Three
                 peny
                 piece
                 by
                 the
              
               present
               Standard
               ,
               
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Three
                 pence
                 three
                 farthings
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Two
                 hundred
                 fourty
                 eight
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ,
               
                 and
                 Sixty
                 four
                 of
                 these
              
               Quarter-Testoons
               
                 will
                 make
                 in
                 Tale
                 One
                 pound
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 or
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 answer
                 in
                 a
                 greater
                 Number
                 of
                 Cases
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Denominations
                 used
                 in
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
              
               England
               .
               
                 One
                 other
                 Piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Half-Groat
               or
               Half-Gross
               ,
               
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 a
                 Two
                 peny
                 piece
                 by
                 the
              
               present
               Standard
               ,
               
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Two
                 pence
                 half-peny
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Three
                 hundred
                 seventy
                 two
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ,
               
                 and
                 Ninety
                 six
                 of
                 the
                 said
              
               Half-Groats
               
                 will
                 make
                 in
                 Tale
                 One
                 pound
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 or
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 answer
                 ,
                 in
                 most
                 Cases
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Denominations
                 used
                 in
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
              
               England
               .
               
                 And
                 one
                 other
                 Piece
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Prime
               ,
               
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Weight
                 and
                 Fineness
                 to
                 a
              
               present
               Standard
               
                 peny
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Five
                 farthings
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 One
                 peny
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fourth
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 peny
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
               
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 fourty
                 and
                 four
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ;
               
                 and
                 One
                 hundred
                 ninety
                 and
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 said
              
               Primes
               
                 will
                 make
                 in
                 Tale
                 One
                 pound
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 on
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 the
                 Combinations
                 whereof
                 are
                 almost
                 infinite
                 )
                 will
                 answer
                 almost
                 in
                 all
                 Cases
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Denominations
                 used
                 in
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
              
               England
               .
               
                 And
                 because
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Denomination
                 of
                 Shillings
                 continued
                 ,
                 let
                 there
                 be
                 added
                 One
                 Piece
                 to
                 be
                 called
                 the
              
               Shilling
               ,
               
                 or
                 Twelve
                 peny
                 Piece
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 equal
                 in
                 Fineness
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 in
                 Weight
                 ,
                 to
                 any
              
               Standard
               Money
               
                 now
                 in
                 being
                 ,
                 to
                 run
                 for
                 Twelve
                 pence
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 (
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 Fifth
                 part
                 less
                 in
                 Weight
                 then
                 the
                 present
                 Shilling
                 )
                 of
                 these
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Seventy
                 Seven
                 and
                 an
                 Half
                 in
                 a
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               ,
               
                 and
                 Twenty
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 Pound
                 by
                 Tale
                 ,
                 whereby
                 every
                 Pound
                 Weight
              
               Troy
               
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 Moneys
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 and
                 hold
                 in
                 Number
                 and
                 Tale
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Value
                 will
                 be
                 Rais'd
                 from
                 Three
                 pounds
                 Two
                 Shillings
                 ,
                 to
                 Three
                 pounds
                 Seventeen
                 Shillings
                 and
                 Six
                 pence
              
               Sterling
               ,
               
                 by
                 the
                 Pound
              
               Troy
               :
               And
               my
               Reasons
               for
               this
               Opinion
               are
               as
               follows
               :
            
             
             
               First
               ,
               The
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               ought
               to
               be
               Raised
               to
               the
               Foot
               of
               Six
               Shillings
               Three
               Pence
               in
               every
               Crown
               ,
               because
               the
               Price
               of
               Standard
               Silver
               in
               Bullion
               is
               Risen
               (
               from
               divers
               necessary
               and
               unnecessary
               Causes
               ,
               producing
               at
               great
               length
               a
               great
               scarcity
               thereof
               in
               England
               )
               to
               Six
               Shilings
               Five
               Pence
               an
               Ounce
               :
               This
               Reason
               (
               which
               I
               humbly
               conceive
               will
               appear
               irrefragable
               )
               is
               grounded
               chiefly
               upon
               a
               Truth
               so
               Apparent
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               well
               be
               compared
               to
               an
               Axiom
               even
               in
               Mathematical
               Reasoning
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               
                 That
                 whensoever
                 the
                 Extrinsick
                 Value
                 of
                 Silver
                 in
                 the
                 Coin
                 hath
                 been
                 ,
                 or
                 shall
                 be
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 Silver
                 in
                 Bullion
                 ,
                 the
                 Coin
                 hath
                 been
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 be
                 Melted
                 down
                 .
              
               Although
               the
               melting
               down
               of
               Coin
               ,
               for
               private
               Lucre
               ,
               be
               done
               in
               secret
               (
               because
               't
               is
               Punishable
               by
               *
               Law
               )
               yet
               no
               man
               can
               doubt
               but
               that
               it
               has
               been
               Practised
               for
               a
               long
               time
               past
               ,
               to
               such
               a
               Degree
               ,
               upon
               the
               
               Weighty
               Money
               ,
               as
               that
               in
               particular
               ,
               the
               Crowns
               and
               Half-Crowns
               of
               Edward
               the
               Sixth
               and
               Queen
               Elizabeth
               are
               quite
               vanished
               :
               Those
               of
               King
               James
               the
               First
               are
               become
               very
               rare
               :
               Those
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               First
               (
               though
               the
               most
               numerous
               of
               all
               that
               remain
               )
               are
               in
               great
               measure
               Reduced
               ,
               and
               will
               appear
               to
               be
               so
               the
               more
               plainly
               ,
               when
               they
               come
               to
               be
               distinguished
               from
               the
               Counterfeits
               ,
               which
               are
               mostly
               contrived
               to
               Resemble
               these
               :
               The
               Crowns
               ,
               Half-Crowns
               ,
               and
               indeed
               the
               lesser
               Coins
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               Second
               (
               the
               far
               greatest
               part
               whereof
               were
               Milled
               Money
               )
               in
               all
               Payments
               at
               the
               Exchequer
               ,
               and
               other
               Publick
               Offices
               ,
               do
               not
               ,
               by
               Estimation
               ,
               exceed
               the
               Proportion
               of
               Ten
               Shillings
               
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               or
               a
               Two
               hundredth
               Part.
               And
               if
               this
               Wicked
               Fact
               of
               Melting
               down
               has
               been
               notoriously
               Committed
               ,
               at
               times
               when
               there
               was
               no
               great
               difference
               betwen
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               and
               that
               in
               the
               Bullion
               ;
               or
               when
               the
               Goldsmiths
               and
               other
               Artificers
               could
               make
               no
               other
               Profit
               thereby
               ,
               than
               the
               finall
               Over-weight
               ,
               which
               (
               by
               Weighing
               and
               Culling
               
               the
               Pieces
               Coin'd
               at
               the
               Tower
               )
               they
               found
               to
               be
               in
               some
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               being
               Molten
               ,
               might
               be
               carried
               back
               to
               the
               Mint
               ,
               and
               there
               Re-coin'd
               at
               the
               King's
               Charge
               into
               a
               greater
               number
               by
               Tale
               for
               their
               own
               Use
               :
               Then
               one
               may
               easily
               conclude
               ,
               That
               the
               temptation
               of
               Melting
               down
               ,
               is
               grown
               of
               late
               much
               more
               prevalent
               ;
               since
               ,
               at
               this
               day
               ,
               Standard
               Silver
               in
               Bullion
               is
               commonly
               sold
               at
               the
               said
               Price
               of
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               ,
               or
               for
               Seventy
               seven
               Pence
               an
               Ounce
               .
               And
               in
               regard
               Twenty
               Peny
               Weight
               (
               equal
               to
               an
               Ounce
               )
               bears
               the
               same
               Proportion
               to
               Seventy
               seven
               Pence
               as
               Nineteen
               Peny
               Weight
               ,
               and
               〈…〉
               8●8
               /
               100
               000
               of
               One
               Peny
               Weight
               (
               equal
               to
               the
               Standard
               Silver
               contained
               in
               a
               Crown
               Piece
               )
               doth
               to
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Two
               Pence
               Half-peny
               ;
               it
               is
               most
               plain
               ,
               that
               he
               now
               Melts
               down
               (
               for
               Instance
               )
               a
               Crown
               Piece
               ,
               which
               whilst
               it
               retains
               the
               Image
               and
               Superscription
               of
               His
               Majesty
               ,
               or
               either
               of
               the
               late
               King
               's
               runs
               only
               for
               Five
               Shillings
               ,
               can
               immediately
               sell
               the
               Silver
               of
               it
               here
               for
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Two
               Pence
               Half-peny
               ,
               and
               gain
               the
               Sum
               of
               Fourteen
               
               Pence
               Half-Peny
               upon
               every
               such
               Melted
               Piece
               ,
               By
               such
               Sale
               of
               the
               Silver
               here
               ,
               or
               (
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               great
               Loss
               which
               this
               Nation
               at
               present
               suffers
               in
               its
               Foreign
               Exchange
               or
               Remittances
               )
               he
               may
               make
               a
               greater
               Profit
               of
               the
               same
               Silver
               ,
               by
               Exporting
               it
               into
               Foreign
               Parts
               ,
               if
               he
               can
               effect
               the
               same
               ,
               either
               by
               Stealth
               ,
               or
               by
               Eluding
               the
               late
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               Prohibiting
               such
               Exportation
               .
               One
               may
               also
               foresee
               ,
               that
               continuing
               the
               Silver
               Moneys
               (
               either
               Old
               or
               New
               Coins
               )
               upon
               the
               present
               foot
               ,
               whilst
               Bullion
               is
               so
               much
               dearer
               ,
               will
               inevitably
               produce
               Consequences
               pernicious
               to
               the
               whole
               ;
               in
               effect
               it
               will
               be
               nothing
               else
               but
               the
               furnishing
               Offenders
               with
               a
               Species
               to
               Melt
               down
               at
               an
               extravagant
               Profit
               ,
               and
               encouraging
               not
               a
               necessary
               ,
               but
               a
               violent
               and
               exorbitant
               Exportation
               of
               our
               Silver
               to
               the
               Foreign
               Parts
               ,
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               the
               Gain
               only
               ,
               till
               we
               shall
               have
               little
               or
               none
               left
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               .
               And
               upon
               an
               Impartial
               Consideration
               of
               these
               Matters
               ,
               we
               may
               be
               able
               to
               make
               a
               more
               mature
               Judgment
               upon
               the
               Suggestion
               that
               has
               been
               raised
               by
               some
               Men
               ,
               Namely
               ,
               That
               Raising
               the
               
               Value
               of
               our
               Coin
               ,
               or
               Continuing
               it
               on
               the
               present
               Foot
               will
               be
               the
               same
               thing
               .
               If
               these
               Gentlemen
               mean
               ,
               that
               Silver
               in
               Bullion
               will
               always
               ,
               during
               this
               War
               ,
               be
               dearer
               than
               Silver
               in
               Coin
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               necessity
               to
               Export
               it
               for
               the
               Foreign
               Expence
               of
               the
               War
               ,
               and
               to
               answer
               the
               Ballance
               of
               Trade
               ,
               occasioned
               by
               the
               Interruption
               of
               our
               Navigation
               ,
               I
               Answer
               ,
            
             
               First
               ,
               That
               this
               Necessity
               may
               be
               diminished
               ;
               but
               it
               cannot
               in
               any
               Sence
               be
               Augmented
               ,
               by
               Raising
               the
               Value
               of
               our
               Coin.
               
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               supposing
               the
               worst
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               a
               further
               Advance
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               Bullion
               ,
               yet
               even
               in
               that
               case
               ,
               the
               Offenders
               before
               mentioned
               will
               not
               find
               so
               much
               Incouragement
               or
               Temptation
               ,
               when
               their
               Profit
               ,
               whatsoever
               it
               be
               ,
               upon
               every
               Raised
               Crown
               ,
               must
               evidently
               be
               less
               by
               Fourteen
               Pence
               Half-peny
               than
               it
               is
               at
               present
               ,
               upon
               a
               Crown
               running
               in
               Payment
               for
               Five
               Shillings
               only
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               It
               is
               hoped
               that
               the
               Exchange
               to
               Holland
               ,
               (
               which
               by
               the
               way
               has
               risen
               a
               little
               of
               late
               )
               may
               by
               the
               Success
               of
               some
               
               good
               Designs
               now
               on
               Foot
               (
               though
               the
               War
               should
               continue
               )
               be
               kept
               at
               a
               stand
               ,
               at
               least
               from
               falling
               much
               lower
               .
               In
               which
               Case
               I
               think
               the
               Arguments
               of
               these
               Gentlemen
               will
               have
               little
               or
               no
               Weight
               .
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               There
               must
               be
               a
               great
               difference
               with
               regard
               to
               the
               Service
               and
               Disservice
               of
               the
               Publick
               ,
               between
               a
               necessary
               Exportation
               of
               Bullion
               or
               Coin
               ,
               (
               perhaps
               the
               One
               may
               be
               as
               well
               Disspensed
               with
               as
               the
               other
               ,
               by
               Publick
               Authority
               ,
               and
               to
               a
               Limited
               Sum
               ;
               only
               for
               the
               Service
               of
               the
               War
               )
               and
               such
               an
               Exportation
               thereof
               ,
               as
               proceeds
               Originally
               from
               the
               said
               exorbitant
               Profit
               of
               the
               Melters
               ,
               who
               being
               Goldsmiths
               ,
               Refiners
               ,
               or
               other
               Traders
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               Means
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               Clippings
               ,
               getting
               great
               Quantities
               of
               Molten
               Silver
               into
               their
               Hands
               ,
               know
               well
               enough
               (
               though
               by
               Unlawful
               or
               Indirect
               Means
               )
               to
               convey
               the
               same
               beyond
               Sea
               ,
               either
               to
               buy
               Gold
               there
               ,
               which
               is
               afterwards
               brought
               hither
               and
               Coin'd
               into
               Guineas
               ,
               passing
               at
               Thirty
               Shillings
               apiece
               ;
               or
               to
               buy
               Prohibited
               Goods
               ,
               as
               Lace
               ,
               Lustrings
               ,
               Muslins
               ,
               divers
               
               East-India
               Goods
               ,
               or
               other
               enumerated
               Commodities
               ,
               or
               for
               other
               Purposes
               ,
               which
               ,
               though
               unlawful
               or
               needless
               ,
               do
               all
               help
               or
               combine
               ,
               at
               this
               time
               ,
               to
               Augment
               and
               Inhance
               that
               Ballance
               of
               Trade
               between
               us
               and
               our
               Neighbours
               ,
               very
               much
               to
               our
               Detriment
               ,
               as
               will
               be
               shew'd
               hereafter
               .
            
             
               Fifthly
               ,
               These
               Gentlemen
               consider
               only
               the
               use
               of
               our
               Coin
               in
               England
               ,
               as
               it
               hath
               Relation
               to
               Foreign
               Exchanges
               or
               Remittances
               ,
               whereas
               it
               serves
               principally
               the
               Inland
               Commerce
               ,
               and
               supplies
               many
               other
               occasions
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               advantaged
               by
               the
               Rise
               and
               Plenty
               thereof
               .
               And
               whereas
               it
               is
               apprehended
               that
               the
               proposed
               Advance
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               ,
               will
               produce
               a
               proportionable
               loss
               in
               all
               Rents
               and
               Revenues
               ,
               Publick
               or
               Private
               ,
               settled
               or
               ascertained
               by
               Antecedent
               Reservations
               ,
               Grants
               or
               Agreements
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               Debts
               now
               standing
               out
               upon
               Specialty
               ,
               or
               without
               Specialty
               :
               I
               humbly
               conceive
               these
               Apprehensions
               must
               entirely
               vanish
               ,
               when
               it
               shall
               be
               impartially
               considered
               ,
               That
               this
               Nation
               is
               ,
               and
               hath
               been
               for
               some
               time
               past
               ,
               ingaged
               in
               a
               necessary
               
               War
               ,
               which
               hath
               not
               only
               caused
               a
               great
               Expence
               of
               our
               Wealth
               in
               Foreign
               Parts
               of
               Europe
               ,
               but
               hath
               Interrupted
               the
               Navigation
               ,
               which
               used
               to
               Supply
               us
               from
               East
               and
               
                 West
                 Indies
              
               ,
               and
               from
               other
               Parts
               of
               
                 Asia
                 ,
                 Africa
              
               and
               America
               ,
               with
               much
               greater
               Quantities
               of
               Goods
               than
               served
               our
               own
               Consumption
               ,
               and
               consequently
               afforded
               us
               a
               large
               Overplus
               ,
               which
               ,
               together
               with
               our
               own
               Native
               Product
               or
               Manufacture
               ,
               were
               Exported
               to
               our
               Neighbour
               Nations
               ,
               in
               Barter
               or
               Exchange
               for
               the
               Goods
               we
               received
               of
               them
               .
               That
               reckoning
               on
               the
               one
               side
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Naval
               Stores
               ,
               Linens
               ,
               Silks
               ,
               Salt-Petre
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               Enumerated
               Commodities
               ,
               which
               we
               receive
               from
               our
               Neighbours
               ,
               and
               adding
               thereunto
               our
               Foreign
               Expence
               for
               the
               War
               :
               And
               on
               the
               other
               side
               the
               Value
               of
               so
               much
               of
               our
               Native
               Manufactures
               ,
               or
               Produce
               ,
               and
               the
               small
               Overplus
               of
               Goods
               brought
               from
               the
               East
               and
               
                 West
                 Indies
              
               ,
               &c.
               as
               we
               have
               lately
               Exported
               ,
               or
               can
               Export
               into
               our
               Neighbour
               Nations
               of
               Europe
               ,
               there
               would
               appear
               a
               great
               Difference
               or
               Excess
               between
               the
               one
               side
               and
               the
               other
               of
               such
               Account
               
               or
               Reckoning
               ;
               which
               Difference
               or
               Excess
               is
               or
               may
               be
               called
               the
               
                 Ballance
                 of
                 Trade
              
               .
               That
               it
               cannot
               be
               conceived
               how
               this
               Ballance
               ,
               Difference
               ,
               or
               Excess
               hath
               been
               or
               can
               be
               answered
               by
               us
               in
               any
               thing
               other
               than
               our
               Coin
               or
               Bullion
               .
               That
               to
               answer
               this
               
                 Ballance
                 of
                 Trade
              
               ,
               there
               hath
               been
               already
               Exported
               a
               great
               part
               of
               our
               Coins
               and
               Bullion
               ,
               namely
               ,
               Clippings
               ,
               which
               I
               think
               must
               have
               been
               equal
               in
               Value
               to
               at
               least
               a
               Fourth
               part
               of
               our
               whole
               Species
               of
               Silver
               Moneys
               ,
               the
               Molten
               Silver
               of
               a
               good
               part
               of
               our
               heavy
               Coins
               ,
               part
               of
               our
               heavy
               Coins
               themselves
               ,
               our
               whole
               Stock
               of
               Foreign
               Silver
               ,
               for
               I
               am
               told
               there
               is
               little
               or
               none
               of
               that
               to
               be
               bought
               in
               England
               at
               this
               time
               ,
               and
               the
               Molten
               Silver
               of
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               our
               English
               Plate
               and
               Vessels
               ,
               which
               People
               have
               been
               induced
               to
               part
               with
               at
               a
               good
               Price
               .
               That
               by
               this
               means
               Silver
               in
               Coin
               or
               in
               Mass
               is
               actually
               grown
               very
               Scarce
               in
               England
               .
               That
               every
               thing
               having
               any
               Value
               or
               Worth
               whatsoever
               ,
               when
               it
               becomes
               Scarce
               grows
               Dear
               ,
               or
               (
               which
               is
               the
               same
               thing
               )
               it
               Riseth
               in
               Price
               ,
               and
               consequently
               it
               will
               serve
               to
               
               pay
               more
               Debt
               ,
               or
               it
               will
               buy
               greater
               Quantities
               of
               other
               Goods
               of
               Value
               ,
               or
               in
               any
               thing
               else
               it
               will
               go
               further
               than
               it
               did
               before
               .
               That
               Silver
               in
               England
               being
               grown
               Scarce
               ,
               as
               aforesaid
               ,
               is
               consequently
               grown
               Dearer
               .
               That
               it
               is
               Risen
               in
               Price
               from
               Five
               Shillings
               and
               Two
               Pence
               ,
               to
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               an
               Ounce
               :
               And
               by
               Daily
               Experience
               Nineteen
               Peny
               Weight
               and
               Three
               Tenths
               of
               a
               Peny
               Weight
               in
               
                 Sterling
                 Silver
              
               (
               equal
               to
               the
               Weight
               of
               a
               Crown
               Piece
               )
               in
               England
               ,
               doth
               ,
               and
               will
               Purchase
               more
               Coined
               Money
               than
               Five
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               (
               though
               the
               latter
               be
               delivered
               
                 bona
                 fide
              
               in
               Unclipt
               Shillings
               ,
               or
               in
               a
               good
               Bill
               )
               and
               consequently
               doth
               and
               will
               Purchase
               and
               Acquire
               more
               Goods
               or
               necessaries
               ,
               or
               pay
               more
               Debts
               in
               England
               ,
               or
               (
               being
               delivered
               here
               )
               it
               fetches
               more
               Money
               in
               any
               Foreign
               Parts
               by
               way
               of
               Exchange
               ,
               than
               Five
               Shillings
               by
               Tale
               ,
               or
               the
               Sixth
               Part
               of
               a
               Guinea
               by
               Tale
               ,
               or
               Goods
               to
               the
               Value
               of
               Five
               Shillings
               in
               Tale
               only
               ,
               do
               or
               can
               Fetch
               ,
               Purchase
               or
               Acquire
               .
               That
               this
               Advanced
               Price
               of
               the
               Silver
               has
               been
               growing
               for
               some
               time
               ,
               and
               is
               Originally
               
               caused
               by
               the
               Ballance
               ,
               Excess
               or
               Difference
               abovementioned
               ,
               which
               Naturally
               and
               Rationally
               produces
               such
               an
               effect
               .
               And
               there
               is
               no
               reason
               to
               expect
               that
               Silver
               will
               decline
               in
               its
               Price
               or
               Value
               here
               ,
               till
               it
               be
               made
               more
               plentiful
               ,
               by
               turning
               the
               
                 Ballance
                 of
                 Trade
              
               to
               our
               Advantage
               ,
               which
               seems
               to
               be
               a
               Work
               that
               can
               be
               accomplished
               with
               Success
               in
               times
               of
               Peace
               ,
               or
               by
               such
               a
               Protection
               of
               our
               Trade
               ,
               as
               will
               render
               our
               Exportations
               as
               large
               as
               they
               used
               to
               be
               in
               times
               of
               Peace
               .
               That
               the
               Raising
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               our
               Coins
               to
               make
               it
               equal
               to
               Silver
               in
               Mass
               ,
               can
               in
               no
               Sence
               be
               understood
               to
               be
               a
               cause
               of
               making
               Silver
               Scarce
               .
               That
               there
               can
               never
               be
               propos'd
               any
               just
               or
               reasonable
               Foot
               upon
               which
               the
               Coins
               should
               be
               Currant
               ,
               save
               only
               the
               very
               Price
               of
               the
               Silver
               thereof
               ,
               in
               case
               it
               be
               Molten
               in
               the
               same
               Place
               where
               the
               Coins
               are
               made
               Currant
               ,
               or
               an
               Extrinsick
               Denomination
               very
               near
               that
               Price
               :
               It
               being
               most
               evident
               ,
               That
               if
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coins
               should
               (
               by
               any
               Extrinsick
               Denomination
               )
               be
               Raised
               above
               the
               Value
               ,
               or
               Market
               Price
               of
               the
               same
               Silver
               ,
               reduced
               
               to
               Bullion
               ,
               the
               Subject
               would
               be
               proportionably
               Injured
               and
               Defrauded
               ,
               as
               they
               were
               formerly
               in
               the
               case
               of
               the
               Base
               Moneys
               Coin'd
               by
               Publick
               Authority
               ,
               but
               if
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coins
               be
               less
               than
               the
               Value
               or
               Market
               Price
               of
               the
               same
               Silver
               reduced
               to
               Bullion
               ,
               then
               the
               Coins
               are
               always
               Melted
               down
               for
               Luore
               ,
               as
               they
               have
               been
               ,
               and
               are
               at
               this
               day
               in
               the
               Case
               of
               the
               Unclipt
               Moneys
               ,
               and
               as
               they
               will
               certainly
               be
               ,
               in
               Case
               of
               any
               New
               Coins
               that
               shall
               be
               made
               ,
               to
               be
               Currant
               upon
               the
               Old
               Foot
               of
               Sixty
               Pence
               for
               the
               Silver
               of
               a
               Crown
               Piece
               ;
               which
               sufficiently
               proves
               ,
               That
               the
               Medium
               propos'd
               is
               the
               true
               Foundation
               for
               the
               Course
               of
               our
               Moneys
               .
               That
               for
               this
               purpose
               we
               need
               only
               to
               consider
               the
               very
               Price
               that
               Silver
               bears
               in
               England
               ,
               where
               these
               Coins
               are
               to
               be
               Currant
               ,
               although
               if
               we
               will
               have
               Relation
               to
               Neighbouring
               Countreys
               ,
               particularly
               to
               Holland
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               that
               the
               Currant
               Price
               of
               an
               Ounce
               of
               Silver
               there
               ,
               adding
               thereunto
               the
               Difference
               of
               Exchange
               from
               London
               to
               Amsterdam
               or
               Roterdam
               (
               which
               Difference
               in
               the
               Exchange
               ,
               is
               but
               another
               
               Effect
               of
               the
               
                 Ballance
                 of
                 Trade
              
               before-mentioned
               )
               will
               still
               make
               up
               the
               Price
               of
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               for
               the
               Ounce
               of
               Silver
               at
               London
               .
               And
               if
               this
               were
               not
               so
               ,
               your
               Lordships
               might
               be
               sure
               that
               no
               body
               would
               buy
               Silver
               at
               London
               for
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               carry
               it
               to
               Holland
               ,
               and
               sell
               it
               there
               perhaps
               for
               Five
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               or
               for
               so
               much
               in
               their
               Coins
               ,
               the
               Silver
               whereof
               is
               not
               equal
               to
               Five
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               by
               our
               Standard
               .
               That
               it
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               Alledged
               that
               Silver
               has
               no
               Price
               ;
               for
               every
               Indenture
               of
               the
               Mint
               (
               having
               first
               Ascertain'd
               the
               Extrinsick
               Denomination
               of
               the
               Currant
               Coins
               )
               has
               taken
               care
               also
               to
               Determine
               the
               Price
               or
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               to
               the
               Merchant
               or
               Importer
               ,
               which
               was
               to
               be
               Answered
               in
               those
               Extrinsick
               Denominations
               ;
               and
               daily
               Experience
               shews
               every
               Man
               ,
               in
               Buying
               or
               Selling
               of
               Silver
               ,
               that
               it
               has
               a
               Price
               or
               Value
               still
               Reckoned
               in
               those
               Extrinsick
               Denominations
               ,
               although
               at
               present
               it
               much
               exceeds
               ,
               as
               aforesaid
               ,
               the
               said
               Rate
               of
               Sixty
               two
               Shillings
               for
               a
               Pound
               
               Troy.
               That
               Five
               Shillings
               Coin'd
               upon
               the
               Foot
               hereby
               Proposed
               ,
               will
               actually
               contain
               more
               real
               and
               Intrinsick
               Value
               of
               Silver
               by
               a
               great
               deal
               ,
               than
               is
               in
               the
               Currant
               Moneys
               now
               commonly
               Applied
               to
               the
               Payment
               of
               the
               said
               Rents
               ,
               Revenues
               and
               Debts
               ,
               upon
               which
               the
               imaginary
               Loss
               is
               Apprehended
               ,
               and
               in
               Reason
               will
               and
               ought
               to
               go
               further
               to
               all
               Intents
               and
               Purposes
               ,
               than
               Five
               Shillings
               in
               Clipt
               Moneys
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               Sixth
               Part
               of
               a
               Guinea
               ,
               doth
               or
               can
               go
               ;
               which
               will
               be
               better
               understood
               ,
               when
               the
               Mischiefs
               of
               these
               Clipt
               Moneys
               and
               Guineas
               come
               to
               be
               Explain'd
               in
               the
               Third
               Chapter
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               That
               as
               the
               Foot
               or
               Foundation
               hereby
               Proposed
               ,
               for
               the
               Course
               of
               the
               Moneys
               ,
               will
               be
               Just
               and
               Reasonable
               ,
               with
               regard
               to
               the
               Price
               of
               Silver
               ,
               and
               more
               Advantagious
               to
               the
               Receivers
               thereof
               ,
               than
               Payment
               in
               Clipt
               Moneys
               or
               Gold
               at
               the
               present
               Price
               ;
               so
               every
               Person
               that
               shall
               Receive
               any
               Money
               Coin'd
               or
               made
               Currant
               upon
               this
               New
               Foot
               ,
               will
               have
               the
               Payment
               ,
               Issuing
               and
               Expenditure
               thereof
               at
               the
               same
               Rate
               .
               And
               it
               is
               freely
               submitted
               to
               Impartial
               Judgments
               ,
               
               whether
               the
               propos'd
               Advance
               of
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coins
               can
               infer
               a
               Real
               Loss
               upon
               any
               Persons
               ,
               other
               than
               such
               as
               can
               propose
               to
               themselves
               particularly
               the
               Receipt
               of
               Moneys
               in
               Weighty
               or
               Unclipt
               Pieces
               only
               ,
               and
               the
               Conversion
               thereof
               to
               an
               Advantage
               ,
               which
               Law
               or
               Reason
               would
               not
               allow
               them
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               The
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               ought
               to
               be
               Raised
               ,
               to
               encourage
               the
               bringing
               of
               Bullion
               to
               the
               Mint
               to
               be
               Coin'd
               .
               It
               is
               a
               Matter
               of
               Fact
               well
               known
               to
               your
               Lordships
               ,
               and
               (
               by
               the
               small
               Number
               of
               the
               Pieces
               of
               the
               present
               King
               ,
               or
               of
               His
               Majesty
               and
               the
               Deceas'd
               Queen
               )
               it
               is
               perceivable
               by
               every
               body
               else
               ,
               that
               since
               Bullion
               hath
               born
               a
               greater
               Price
               than
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               ,
               there
               has
               been
               none
               brought
               to
               the
               Mint
               to
               be
               Coin'd
               ,
               either
               by
               Importers
               or
               others
               ,
               unless
               some
               small
               Parcels
               ,
               that
               were
               Seiz'd
               or
               sent
               thither
               by
               Publick
               Authority
               .
               And
               it
               is
               utterly
               against
               Reason
               for
               any
               Man
               to
               think
               ,
               that
               any
               Bullion
               of
               Silver
               will
               be
               carried
               thither
               voluntarily
               to
               be
               Coin'd
               ,
               till
               the
               Value
               of
               Silver
               Coin'd
               be
               Raised
               ,
               at
               least
               as
               high
               as
               the
               Value
               of
               
               Silver
               in
               Bullion
               .
               By
               the
               propos'd
               Advance
               to
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               ,
               the
               Sterling
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coins
               will
               be
               set
               at
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Five
               Pence
               Half-peny
               per
               Ounce
               ,
               which
               will
               exceed
               the
               present
               Price
               of
               Sterling
               in
               Bullion
               by
               One
               Half-peny
               per
               Ounce
               ,
               and
               give
               (
               though
               by
               a
               small
               Profit
               )
               an
               Encouragement
               to
               those
               that
               have
               English
               Silver
               or
               Plate
               ,
               and
               particularly
               to
               the
               Retailers
               of
               Wine
               ,
               Beer
               ,
               Ale
               and
               other
               Liquors
               ,
               (
               whose
               Tankards
               and
               other
               Vessels
               are
               herein
               after
               Propos'd
               to
               be
               brought
               in
               )
               and
               generally
               to
               all
               those
               that
               have
               or
               can
               have
               Silver
               Imported
               ,
               to
               carry
               the
               same
               to
               the
               Mint
               to
               be
               Coin'd
               .
               And
               this
               will
               be
               agreeable
               to
               the
               Policy
               that
               in
               past
               Ages
               (
               as
               hath
               been
               observed
               upon
               the
               aforesaid
               Deduction
               )
               hath
               been
               Practised
               not
               only
               in
               our
               Mint
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               Mints
               of
               all
               Politick
               Governments
               ,
               namely
               ,
               to
               Raise
               the
               Value
               of
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               ,
               to
               Promote
               the
               Work
               of
               the
               Mint
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               The
               Raising
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coin
               ,
               will
               increase
               the
               whole
               Species
               in
               Tale
               ,
               and
               thereby
               make
               it
               more
               commensurate
               to
               the
               general
               need
               
               thereof
               ,
               for
               carrying
               on
               the
               Common
               Traffick
               and
               Commerce
               of
               the
               Nation
               ,
               and
               to
               answer
               the
               Payments
               on
               the
               numerous
               Contracts
               ,
               Securities
               ,
               and
               other
               daily
               Occasions
               ,
               requiring
               a
               larger
               Supply
               of
               Money
               for
               that
               purpose
               .
               This
               Reason
               may
               be
               farther
               Illustrated
               ,
               by
               considering
               that
               the
               want
               of
               a
               sufficient
               Stock
               of
               Money
               ,
               hath
               been
               the
               chief
               Cause
               of
               Introducing
               so
               much
               Paper
               Credit
               (
               which
               is
               at
               best
               hazardous
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               carried
               too
               far
               )
               and
               the
               Setting
               up
               of
               Offices
               ,
               both
               in
               City
               and
               Country
               ,
               for
               Bartering
               of
               Goods
               or
               Permutations
               .
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               The
               Silver
               in
               the
               Old
               Unclipt
               Moneys
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               New
               Coins
               now
               Propos'd
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               Raised
               (
               as
               I
               have
               offered
               )
               Equally
               ,
               to
               avoid
               Confusion
               and
               Uncertainty
               in
               Payments
               :
               For
               if
               Pieces
               ,
               having
               the
               same
               Bigness
               ,
               should
               have
               different
               Values
               ,
               it
               might
               be
               difficult
               for
               the
               Common
               People
               (
               especially
               those
               not
               skilled
               in
               Arithmetick
               )
               to
               Compute
               how
               many
               of
               one
               kind
               will
               be
               equal
               to
               the
               Sum
               of
               another
               ;
               and
               there
               might
               be
               some
               Dispute
               about
               the
               Lawful
               Money
               of
               England
               ,
               to
               be
               Paid
               upon
               Mortgages
               ,
               
               Bonds
               ,
               Contracts
               ,
               or
               other
               Legal
               Securities
               referring
               thereunto
               .
            
             
               Fifthly
               ,
               The
               Foot
               of
               Six
               Shillings
               and
               Three
               Pence
               for
               the
               Crown
               ,
               here
               Propos'd
               ,
               will
               not
               only
               be
               suitable
               to
               the
               present
               Rate
               of
               Bullion
               ,
               but
               it
               happens
               to
               be
               such
               a
               Sum
               as
               is
               Deviseable
               into
               a
               great
               Number
               of
               Aliquot
               or
               other
               Integral
               Parts
               ,
               to
               serve
               for
               the
               lesser
               Coins
               before
               Propos'd
               ,
               so
               that
               none
               of
               them
               will
               come
               forth
               in
               any
               Fractional
               Part
               of
               a
               Farthing
               ,
               which
               will
               obviate
               much
               Perplexity
               amongst
               the
               Common
               People
               :
               And
               I
               think
               there
               is
               scarce
               any
               other
               Sum
               near
               it
               that
               is
               Deviseable
               in
               like
               manner
               .
            
             
               Sixthly
               ,
               By
               this
               Project
               ,
               all
               Computations
               in
               Pounds
               ,
               Shillings
               and
               Pence
               ,
               used
               in
               Accounts
               ;
               and
               the
               Reckonings
               by
               Pounds
               ,
               Marks
               ,
               Half-Marks
               ,
               Shillings
               and
               Pence
               ,
               practised
               in
               the
               Law
               of
               England
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Records
               ,
               Contracts
               and
               other
               Instruments
               ,
               relating
               thereunto
               ,
               will
               be
               Preserved
               as
               they
               ought
               to
               be
               .
            
             
               Seventhly
               ,
               By
               this
               Method
               ,
               the
               bringing
               in
               of
               the
               present
               Unclipt
               Coins
               ,
               to
               be
               cut
               into
               lesser
               Pieces
               ,
               are
               rendered
               needless
               ;
               which
               Species
               being
               at
               present
               (
               for
               the
               
               most
               part
               )
               Hoarded
               ,
               will
               ,
               upon
               Raising
               their
               Value
               ,
               come
               forth
               ,
               and
               go
               a
               great
               way
               towards
               Supplying
               the
               Commerce
               and
               other
               Occasions
               ,
               whilst
               the
               New
               Money
               is
               making
               .
               And
               I
               think
               it
               will
               be
               Granted
               to
               be
               utterly
               impossible
               ,
               in
               this
               time
               of
               War
               ,
               to
               Re-Coin
               the
               Clipt
               Moneys
               ,
               if
               at
               the
               same
               time
               the
               Unclipt
               shall
               be
               brought
               in
               to
               be
               new
               Cut
               ;
               or
               if
               the
               Unclipt
               Pieces
               should
               not
               (
               by
               such
               an
               Encouragement
               )
               be
               brought
               forth
               to
               Supply
               the
               Commerce
               ,
               Pay
               Taxes
               ,
               and
               serve
               other
               Occasions
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               .
            
             
               Eighthly
               ,
               It
               is
               difficult
               to
               Conceive
               ,
               how
               any
               Design
               of
               Amending
               the
               Clipt
               Moneys
               can
               be
               compassed
               ,
               without
               Raising
               the
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               remaining
               in
               them
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               great
               Deficiency
               of
               the
               Silver
               Clipt
               away
               ;
               which
               (
               upon
               Re-Coining
               )
               must
               necessarily
               be
               Defrayed
               or
               Born
               one
               way
               or
               other
               .
            
             
               Ninthly
               ,
               As
               our
               Unclipt
               Moneys
               ,
               and
               the
               New
               Coins
               here
               Propos'd
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               will
               ,
               by
               the
               former
               Proposition
               ,
               retain
               the
               
                 Ancient
                 Sterling
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Old
                 Right
                 Standard
              
               of
               the
               Mint
               for
               Fineness
               and
               Purity
               (
               the
               Alteration
               of
               which
               could
               never
               be
               Justified
               
               by
               any
               Necessity
               ;
               )
               so
               by
               this
               Proposition
               they
               will
               both
               Continue
               the
               
                 Present
                 Standard
              
               of
               the
               Mint
               in
               the
               Weight
               or
               Bigness
               of
               the
               respective
               Pieces
               ,
               without
               being
               cut
               into
               Less
               ,
               as
               they
               have
               formerly
               been
               (
               the
               New
               Shilling
               only
               excepted
               :
               )
               These
               Propositions
               indeed
               ,
               dealing
               with
               nothing
               but
               the
               very
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               the
               Coins
               ,
               to
               make
               it
               equal
               to
               the
               Currant
               Price
               of
               our
               own
               Bullion
               or
               Silver
               in
               Mass
               ,
               with
               a
               very
               little
               Excess
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               of
               an
               Half-peny
               in
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               to
               encourage
               the
               Coinage
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               it
               bear
               the
               like
               Reason
               or
               Proportion
               to
               the
               Price
               of
               Foreign
               Moneys
               now
               Currant
               amongst
               us
               ;
               Namely
               ,
               the
               
                 Pillar
                 Dollars
              
               ,
               which
               go
               at
               Seven
               Shillings
               and
               a
               Peny
               per
               Ounce
               ,
               and
               Sevil
               and
               
                 Mexico
                 Dollars
              
               at
               Seven
               Shillings
               per
               Ounce
               ,
               and
               to
               effect
               an
               equality
               in
               all
               Pieces
               ,
               having
               the
               same
               Extrinsick
               Denomination
               ,
               and
               thereby
               to
               cure
               such
               Mischiefs
               relating
               to
               our
               Coin
               ,
               as
               are
               not
               to
               be
               Parallel'd
               in
               the
               Records
               of
               former
               Ages
               :
               Which
               Raised
               Values
               may
               be
               Lowered
               again
               by
               the
               Wisdom
               and
               Authority
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               when
               the
               Wealth
               of
               the
               Nation
               shall
               (
               by
               Gods
               
               Blessing
               )
               be
               Re-establisht
               without
               Trouble
               or
               Charge
               of
               Re-coining
               or
               Cutting
               the
               Silver
               Pieces
               into
               other
               Sizes
               .
            
             
               As
               to
               the
               Gold
               Coins
               which
               are
               now
               almost
               wholly
               Reduced
               or
               Converted
               into
               the
               Pieces
               called
               Guineas
               and
               Half-Guineas
               ,
               they
               were
               first
               Coin'd
               by
               King
               Charles
               the
               Second
               ,
               not
               long
               after
               the
               Restauration
               ;
               and
               were
               ordained
               to
               go
               at
               the
               Rates
               of
               Twenty
               Shillings
               for
               the
               Guinea
               ,
               and
               Ten
               Shillings
               for
               the
               Half-Guinea
               ;
               but
               I
               do
               not
               remember
               that
               they
               ever
               passed
               at
               so
               little
               ,
               as
               the
               Prices
               which
               were
               then
               set
               upon
               them
               because
               our
               Nation
               has
               been
               always
               too
               apt
               to
               over-value
               its
               Gold.
               And
               at
               this
               time
               the
               Guinea
               runs
               for
               Thirty
               Shillings
               ,
               although
               the
               Gold
               of
               it
               (
               if
               it
               were
               carried
               to
               
                 Spain
                 ,
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Barbary
              
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               Places
               of
               the
               World
               )
               would
               not
               Purchase
               so
               much
               Silver
               there
               ,
               as
               is
               equal
               to
               the
               Standard
               of
               Four
               of
               our
               Crowns
               ,
               or
               Twenty
               Shillings
               .
               And
               here
               it
               is
               necessary
               for
               me
               to
               Observe
               ,
               That
               if
               the
               Gold
               had
               Advanced
               proportionably
               with
               the
               Silver
               ,
               then
               because
               as
               Five
               Shillings
               (
               the
               Standard
               Value
               of
               the
               Silver
               in
               a
               Crown
               )
               is
               to
               Six
               Shillings
               
               and
               Two
               Pence
               Halfpeny
               ,
               the
               present
               Value
               of
               the
               same
               Silver
               in
               Mass
               ,
               so
               Twenty
               Shillings
               (
               the
               Standard
               Value
               of
               the
               Gold
               in
               Guinea
               )
               is
               to
               Twenty
               four
               Shillings
               and
               Ten
               Pence
               ;
               It
               should
               follow
               by
               Reason
               that
               a
               Guinea
               at
               this
               day
               should
               go
               for
               about
               Twenty
               four
               Shillings
               and
               Ten
               Pence
               ,
               but
               it
               apparently
               runs
               for
               about
               Five
               Shillings
               more
               ,
               so
               that
               in
               the
               time
               that
               the
               Silver
               in
               a
               Crown
               is
               Risen
               about
               a
               Fifth
               part
               ,
               the
               Gold
               in
               a
               Guinea
               is
               Risen
               in
               a
               much
               greater
               proportion
               ,
               namely
               ,
               a
               compleat
               Third
               part
               .
               Which
               Advance
               of
               Five
               Shillings
               in
               a
               Guinea
               (
               over
               and
               above
               the
               proportionable
               Rise
               which
               it
               should
               have
               had
               to
               make
               it
               keep
               pace
               with
               the
               Silver
               )
               is
               exceedingly
               detrimental
               to
               our
               Nation
               at
               this
               Day
               (
               as
               will
               be
               hereafter
               shewed
               more
               at
               large
               .
               )
               And
               seeing
               it
               can
               be
               attributed
               to
               nothing
               but
               the
               present
               Badness
               of
               our
               Silver
               Coins
               ,
               which
               are
               so
               exceedingly
               Counterfeited
               ,
               and
               Clipt
               ,
               that
               the
               Common
               People
               will
               take
               Guineas
               almost
               at
               any
               Rate
               ,
               rather
               than
               stand
               the
               hazard
               and
               vexation
               of
               such
               Silver
               Moneys
               as
               are
               now
               Currant
               amongst
               them
               :
               I
               am
               therefore
               humbly
               
               of
               Opinion
               ,
               That
               altering
               the
               
                 present
                 Standard
              
               of
               our
               Gold
               Coins
               (
               which
               prescribes
               Twenty
               two
               Carats
               Fine
               ,
               and
               Two
               Carats
               Allay
               ,
               and
               that
               Fourty
               four
               Guineas
               and
               an
               Half
               shall
               be
               cut
               from
               a
               Pound
               Weight
               of
               such
               Gold
               )
               would
               avail
               nothing
               .
               And
               that
               the
               only
               remedy
               to
               fix
               these
               Gold
               Coins
               upon
               a
               right
               Foot
               ,
               will
               be
               the
               Re-establishment
               of
               the
               Silver
               Coins
               ,
               which
               (
               as
               soon
               as
               Atchieved
               according
               to
               these
               Propositions
               )
               will
               in
               all
               likelihood
               and
               probability
               ,
               presently
               reduce
               the
               Guineas
               to
               about
               Twenty
               five
               Shillings
               apiece
               by
               the
               most
               Natural
               and
               Easie
               way
               ,
               without
               fixing
               any
               limited
               Price
               thereupon
               by
               Publick
               Authority
               ,
               which
               (
               if
               one
               were
               to
               judge
               by
               past
               Experience
               )
               would
               never
               be
               observed
               ,
               at
               least
               for
               any
               time
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 Corollary
              
               :
               The
               abovementioned
               
                 Ballance
                 of
                 Trade
              
               being
               (
               as
               is
               before
               observed
               )
               the
               Original
               Cause
               of
               the
               Scarcity
               of
               Silver
               in
               England
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Loss
               by
               the
               Foreign
               Exchange
               or
               Remittances
               ,
               he
               that
               can
               propose
               any
               proper
               Expedients
               ,
               either
               to
               lessen
               that
               Ballance
               ,
               or
               convert
               it
               to
               our
               Advantage
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               well
               
               heard
               .
               But
               any
               Proposal
               which
               supposes
               the
               
                 Ballance
                 of
                 Trade
              
               must
               be
               Rectified
               before
               our
               Coins
               be
               Amended
               ,
               or
               a
               Reasonable
               Foundation
               can
               be
               fixed
               for
               the
               Course
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               does
               but
               postpone
               the
               Cure
               of
               a
               Disease
               which
               may
               destroy
               us
               before
               such
               a
               Remedy
               can
               take
               effect
               .
            
             
               The
               True
               and
               Reasonable
               Adjustment
               of
               that
               which
               is
               called
               by
               the
               
                 French
                 ,
                 Pied
                 de
                 Monoye
              
               ,
               and
               by
               others
               Anciently
               
                 Pes
                 Monetae
              
               ,
               was
               and
               is
               of
               principal
               Consideration
               in
               this
               whole
               Affair
               :
               And
               therefore
               I
               hope
               your
               Lordships
               will
               Excuse
               me
               for
               having
               been
               so
               prolix
               in
               the
               Subject
               of
               the
               Standards
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Second
             General
             Head
             concerning
             the
             present
             State
             and
             Condition
             of
             the
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Coins
             .
          
           
             IT
             cannot
             be
             thought
             improper
             before
             the
             Enterprizing
             of
             a
             Work
             of
             so
             great
             importance
             as
             the
             Re-establishment
             of
             the
             Moneys
             ,
             and
             Determining
             a
             New
             Foot
             for
             the
             Course
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             to
             be
             instructed
             (
             with
             as
             much
             certainty
             as
             is
             possible
             in
             things
             of
             this
             Nature
             )
             in
             the
             present
             State
             ,
             Plight
             ,
             or
             Condition
             of
             the
             Coins
             of
             this
             Realm
             ;
             wherein
             one
             must
             necessarily
             consider
             several
             Matters
             of
             Fact
             ,
             whereof
             some
             can
             be
             known
             or
             found
             out
             ,
             and
             others
             can
             only
             be
             estimated
             or
             guessed
             at
             .
             I
             have
             endeavoured
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             I
             could
             in
             a
             little
             time
             ,
             to
             Inform
             and
             Satisfie
             my self
             in
             the
             Particulars
             following
             :
          
           
             First
             ,
             The
             several
             Forms
             or
             Fashions
             which
             have
             been
             used
             in
             the
             Fabrication
             
             of
             the
             Moneys
             ,
             and
             which
             of
             them
             have
             been
             and
             are
             most
             likely
             to
             be
             most
             Secure
             against
             Clipping
             and
             Counterfeiting
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             The
             Quantities
             of
             Silver
             Coins
             Clipt
             and
             Unclipt
             ,
             that
             may
             be
             reasonably
             thought
             or
             imagined
             to
             remain
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             at
             this
             day
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             How
             far
             the
             Clipt
             Pieces
             now
             in
             being
             may
             be
             Conjectured
             to
             have
             been
             diminished
             in
             their
             Weight
             .
             And
             upon
             Consideration
             of
             these
             Articles
             ,
             I
             have
             endeavoured
             to
             Compute
             the
             Loss
             ,
             which
             (
             upon
             Re-coining
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             )
             must
             be
             born
             either
             by
             a
             Publick
             Aid
             ,
             or
             by
             Particular
             Persons
             ,
             or
             by
             both
             ;
             and
             to
             make
             such
             other
             Remarks
             and
             Inferences
             as
             may
             be
             suitable
             to
             the
             present
             Occasion
             :
             In
             all
             which
             ,
             my
             Sence
             and
             Opinion
             are
             humbly
             presented
             to
             your
             Lordships
             in
             the
             manner
             following
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             Particulars
             ;
             All
             the
             Moneys
             we
             have
             now
             in
             England
             ,
             both
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             are
             reducible
             to
             Two
             sorts
             ;
             the
             one
             Stampt
             with
             the
             Hammer
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Prest
             with
             an
             Engine
             ,
             called
             the
             Mill.
             The
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             of
             the
             Hammer'd
             Money
             is
             first
             Cast
             from
             the
             Melting
             
             Pot
             into
             long
             Bars
             ,
             those
             Bars
             are
             cut
             with
             Sheers
             into
             several
             square
             Pieces
             of
             exact
             Weights
             ,
             for
             Sovereigns
             ,
             Angels
             ,
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             ,
             &c.
             
             Then
             with
             the
             Tongs
             and
             Hammer
             they
             are
             Forged
             into
             a
             Round
             Shape
             ;
             after
             which
             they
             are
             Blanched
             (
             that
             is
             ,
             made
             White
             ,
             or
             refulgent
             by
             Nealing
             or
             Boiling
             )
             and
             afterwards
             Stampt
             or
             Impress'd
             with
             an
             Hammer
             to
             make
             them
             perfect
             Money
             .
             This
             Method
             of
             making
             Money
             with
             the
             Hammer
             (
             as
             appears
             in
             the
             said
             
               Red
               Book
            
             )
             was
             practised
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             Edward
             the
             First
             ;
             who
             (
             amongst
             other
             great
             Archievements
             of
             his
             most
             Prudent
             Government
             )
             left
             that
             of
             Restoring
             and
             Establishing
             good
             Moneys
             for
             the
             Use
             of
             his
             People
             ,
             to
             recommend
             his
             Name
             to
             subsequent
             Generations
             .
             He
             sent
             for
             Mr.
             
               William
               de
               Turnemire
            
             ,
             and
             his
             Brother
             Peter
             ,
             and
             others
             from
             Marseilles
             ,
             and
             one
             Friscobald
             ,
             and
             his
             Companions
             from
             Florence
             ,
             and
             Employed
             them
             in
             the
             Working
             this
             kind
             of
             Money
             ,
             and
             the
             Buying
             and
             Exchanging
             of
             Silver
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             for
             which
             he
             had
             Thirty
             Furnaces
             at
             London
             ,
             Eight
             at
             Canterbury
             (
             besides
             Three
             the
             
             Arch-Bishop
             had
             there
             )
             Twelve
             at
             Bristol
             ,
             Twelve
             at
             York
             ,
             and
             more
             in
             other
             great
             Towns
             ,
             in
             all
             which
             Places
             they
             made
             the
             said
             Hammer'd
             Money
             of
             Silver
             ,
             supply'd
             by
             the
             Kings
             Changers
             Established
             at
             the
             same
             Places
             ,
             who
             (
             according
             to
             certain
             Rates
             or
             Prices
             prescribed
             to
             them
             )
             took
             in
             the
             Clipt
             ,
             Rounded
             and
             Counterfeit
             Moneys
             to
             be
             Re-Coined
             ,
             and
             Bought
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             of
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             to
             be
             Fabricated
             into
             New
             Money
             ;
             at
             the
             same
             time
             Ordaining
             ,
             
               Quod
               Proclametur
               per
               totum
               Regnum
               quod
               nulla
               fiat
               tonsura
               de
               Nova
               Moneta
               sub
               periculo
               Vitae
               &
               Membrorum
               &
               amissionis
               omnium
               Terrarum
               &
               Tenementorum
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             And
             this
             kind
             of
             Hammer'd
             Money
             continued
             through
             all
             the
             Reigns
             of
             Succeeding
             Kings
             and
             Queens
             ,
             till
             about
             the
             Year
             of
             our
             Lord
             ,
             1663.
             when
             by
             several
             Warrants
             ,
             and
             Command
             of
             King
             Charles
             the
             Second
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             by
             One
             Warrant
             Dated
             the
             Fifth
             of
             November
             ,
             1662.
             
             One
             Warrant
             Dated
             the
             Eighth
             of
             April
             ,
             1663.
             
             And
             a
             Third
             Warrant
             Dated
             the
             Twenty
             fourth
             of
             December
             ,
             1663.
             
             The
             other
             sort
             called
             
               Milled
               Money
            
             was
             first
             Fabricated
             to
             be
             Currant
             
             in
             England
             in
             this
             manner
             :
             First
             ,
             The
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             is
             cast
             out
             of
             the
             Melting
             Pot
             into
             long
             flat
             Bars
             ,
             which
             Bars
             are
             drawn
             thorough
             a
             Mill
             (
             wrought
             by
             a
             Horse
             )
             to
             produce
             the
             just
             Thickness
             of
             Guineas
             ,
             Half-Guineas
             ,
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             ,
             &c.
             
             Then
             with
             forcible
             Engines
             ,
             called
             Cutters
             ,
             which
             answer
             exactly
             to
             the
             respective
             Sizes
             or
             Dimensions
             of
             the
             Money
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             the
             Round
             Pieces
             are
             cut
             out
             from
             the
             Flat
             Bar
             ,
             shaped
             as
             aforesaid
             (
             the
             Residue
             whereof
             ,
             called
             Sizel
             ,
             is
             Melted
             again
             )
             and
             then
             every
             Piece
             is
             Weighed
             ,
             and
             made
             to
             agree
             exactly
             with
             the
             intended
             Weight
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             carried
             to
             other
             Engines
             (
             wrought
             secretly
             )
             which
             put
             the
             Letters
             upon
             the
             Edges
             of
             the
             larger
             Silver
             Pieces
             ,
             and
             Mark
             the
             Edges
             of
             the
             rest
             with
             a
             Graining
             .
             The
             next
             thing
             is
             the
             Blanching
             perform'd
             ,
             as
             above
             ;
             and
             at
             last
             ,
             every
             Piece
             is
             brought
             to
             the
             Press
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             the
             Mill
             (
             wrought
             by
             the
             Strength
             of
             Men
             )
             and
             there
             Receives
             the
             Impression
             ,
             which
             makes
             it
             perfect
             
               Milled
               Money
            
             .
          
           
           
             By
             duly
             reflecting
             upon
             these
             different
             Kinds
             ,
             and
             Considering
             that
             the
             Principal
             Offences
             against
             the
             Coins
             of
             the
             Realm
             ,
             have
             been
             ,
             and
             are
             either
             Clipping
             ,
             Counterfeiting
             or
             Melting
             down
             ,
             It
             may
             be
             proper
             to
             Remark
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             the
             Crime
             of
             Clipping
             has
             been
             Practised
             upon
             the
             Hammer'd
             Money
             in
             all
             Ages
             more
             or
             less
             ,
             but
             most
             exorbitantly
             of
             late
             Years
             ;
             notwithstanding
             the
             many
             Examples
             of
             Justice
             :
             For
             that
             the
             Offenders
             make
             an
             excessive
             Profit
             by
             doing
             a
             thing
             so
             easie
             in
             it self
             ,
             that
             even
             Women
             and
             Children
             (
             as
             well
             as
             Men
             )
             are
             capable
             of
             the
             Act
             of
             Clipping
             or
             Rounding
             .
             But
             this
             Practice
             of
             Clipping
             has
             never
             been
             Exercis'd
             upon
             the
             Mill'd
             Money
             ,
             and
             I
             think
             never
             can
             be
             ,
             because
             of
             its
             Thickness
             and
             Edging
             ,
             although
             no
             further
             Provision
             against
             the
             same
             should
             be
             made
             by
             Law.
             
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             as
             to
             Counterfeiting
             ,
             the
             Hammer'd
             Money
             is
             liable
             thereunto
             ,
             because
             the
             Tools
             for
             Resembling
             the
             same
             ,
             are
             cheap
             ,
             and
             easily
             made
             and
             procured
             ,
             and
             the
             Fabrication
             thereof
             may
             
             be
             performed
             in
             a
             little
             Room
             ,
             and
             with
             less
             Art
             ;
             so
             that
             Smiths
             and
             other
             Artificers
             can
             readily
             attain
             thereunto
             .
             But
             the
             Engines
             for
             the
             Mill'd
             Money
             are
             many
             and
             very
             costly
             ,
             not
             easie
             to
             be
             procured
             .
             The
             Makers
             or
             Users
             of
             such
             Engines
             cannot
             be
             conceal'd
             without
             great
             difficulty
             ,
             and
             the
             Mill'd
             Money
             it self
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             much
             Finer
             Print
             than
             the
             other
             ,
             requires
             more
             Solemnity
             ,
             Skill
             ,
             and
             curious
             Workmanship
             in
             its
             Fabrication
             ;
             and
             when
             it
             's
             finished
             ,
             shews
             better
             the
             true
             Colour
             of
             the
             Silver
             ,
             to
             distinguish
             its
             Genuine
             from
             its
             Counterfeit
             Pieces
             :
             Which
             latter
             could
             never
             be
             brought
             to
             Perfection
             .
             So
             that
             Reckoning
             only
             since
             the
             said
             Year
             1663.
             (
             without
             any
             regard
             to
             the
             Precedent
             time
             )
             I
             verily
             believe
             for
             every
             single
             Piece
             of
             Mill'd
             Money
             ,
             that
             has
             been
             Counterfeited
             ,
             or
             rather
             been
             attempted
             to
             be
             Resembled
             ,
             there
             have
             been
             more
             than
             One
             thousand
             of
             the
             Hammer'd
             Moneys
             not
             only
             Counterfeited
             ,
             but
             actually
             Impos'd
             upon
             the
             People
             ,
             who
             have
             been
             defrauded
             therewith
             ,
             and
             are
             now
             likely
             to
             suffer
             greatly
             thereby
             .
          
           
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             as
             to
             the
             Crime
             of
             
               Melting
               down
            
             ,
             it
             has
             plainly
             affected
             both
             the
             Hammer'd
             and
             Mill'd
             Moneys
             in
             their
             respective
             turns
             very
             fatally
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Hammer'd
             Gold
             Coins
             which
             were
             made
             in
             the
             Reigns
             of
             the
             several
             Kings
             and
             Queens
             ,
             from
             Edward
             the
             First
             inclusively
             ,
             till
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             Charles
             the
             Second
             (
             which
             would
             amount
             to
             an
             incredible
             Sum
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             all
             in
             being
             )
             are
             almost
             totally
             vanished
             ,
             having
             been
             Molten
             (
             as
             I
             suppose
             )
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             either
             to
             make
             Vessels
             or
             Utensils
             ,
             or
             to
             Export
             for
             Lucre
             ,
             or
             to
             Convert
             into
             Gold
             Coins
             of
             more
             Modern
             Stamps
             (
             in
             which
             last
             Case
             the
             same
             Metal
             came
             to
             be
             Coin'd
             over
             and
             over
             again
             )
             it
             being
             evident
             that
             we
             have
             now
             in
             England
             only
             the
             Pieces
             called
             Guineas
             ,
             and
             Half-Guineas
             ,
             or
             few
             other
             of
             Gold
             Coins
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             observed
             .
             And
             I
             think
             the
             like
             must
             have
             been
             done
             with
             all
             the
             Hammer'd
             Silver
             Moneys
             that
             were
             made
             before
             the
             Reign
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             ,
             a
             very
             few
             only
             excepted
             ;
             although
             the
             latter
             would
             amount
             to
             many
             Millions
             ,
             if
             
             they
             were
             all
             now
             in
             being
             .
             As
             to
             the
             Coins
             of
             that
             Queen
             ,
             and
             her
             Two
             immediate
             Successors
             (
             though
             they
             make
             the
             Bulk
             of
             our
             present
             Cash
             )
             the
             Number
             of
             them
             must
             needs
             have
             been
             extreamly
             diminished
             by
             Melting
             ,
             especially
             whilst
             they
             were
             weighty
             ,
             and
             not
             much
             worn
             .
             But
             since
             the
             Mill'd
             Money
             came
             into
             Play
             ,
             because
             of
             its
             Intrinsick
             Weight
             and
             Worth
             ,
             I
             believe
             the
             Crime
             of
             Melting
             hath
             been
             chiefly
             practis'd
             upon
             that
             kind
             ,
             which
             has
             apparently
             reduced
             it
             to
             a
             small
             Quantity
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             when
             both
             kinds
             come
             to
             have
             the
             same
             Weight
             and
             Fineness
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             Currant
             at
             the
             same
             Price
             ,
             I
             think
             the
             one
             will
             not
             be
             more
             liable
             to
             this
             Mischief
             than
             the
             other
             ;
             and
             I
             hope
             both
             will
             be
             Secured
             against
             the
             same
             ,
             when
             the
             Silver
             in
             the
             Coin
             will
             fetch
             as
             much
             as
             the
             Silver
             in
             the
             Bullion
             .
          
           
             
               Secondly
               ,
               The
               Quantities
               of
               Silver
               Coins
               Clipt
               and
               Vnclipt
               that
               may
               be
               reasonably
               thought
               or
               imagined
               to
               Remain
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               at
               this
               day
               ,
            
             cannot
             with
             any
             certainty
             be
             Computed
             .
             I
             know
             several
             Conjectures
             have
             been
             made
             thereof
             ,
             very
             different
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             I
             think
             )
             without
             any
             
             Grounds
             at
             all
             ,
             and
             I
             confess
             my self
             to
             have
             none
             but
             such
             as
             follow
             .
          
           
             
               First
               ,
               To
               Compute
               all
               the
               Silver
               Moneys
               Coin'd
               in
               the
               Three
               Reigns
               of
               Queen
               
                 Elizabeth
                 ,
                 Iames
              
               the
               First
               ,
               and
               Charles
               the
               First
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               To
               Guess
               how
               much
               thereof
               may
               have
               been
               Molten
               or
               Lost.
               
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               To
               Substract
               the
               Latter
               from
               the
               Whole
               .
               And
               ,
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               To
               the
               Difference
               to
               add
               something
               for
               the
               small
               Remainder
               ,
               as
               well
               of
               Moneys
               Coined
               before
               the
               Reign
               of
               Queen
               Elizabeth
               ,
               as
               of
               those
               Coined
               since
               the
               Reign
               of
               Charles
               the
               First
               .
            
          
           
           
             The
             Silver
             Moneys
             Coin'd
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             (
             as
             I
             am
             inform'd
             by
             the
             Master
             of
             the
             Mint
             )
             did
             Amount
             to
             Four
             Millions
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             :
             But
             by
             a
             Copy
             which
             I
             took
             some
             time
             since
             from
             the
             Archives
             at
             Westminster
             ,
             of
             an
             Account
             which
             was
             Compiled
             by
             Arch-Bishop
             Williams
             ,
             which
             I
             take
             to
             be
             more
             exact
             (
             which
             Archives
             ,
             with
             the
             Choice
             Collections
             thereof
             are
             since
             Burnt
             )
             all
             the
             Silver
             Sterling
             Moneys
             Coin'd
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             the
             said
             Queen
             ,
             (
             excluding
             some
             base
             Irish
             Moneys
             that
             were
             then
             made
             )
             did
             Amount
             to
             —
             
               
                 
                   l.
                   s.
                   d.
                
                 
              
               
                 4632932.
                 3.
                 2
                 ¾
              
            
          
           
           
             The
             Silver
             Moneys
             Coin'd
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             Iames
             the
             First
             (
             as
             the
             Officers
             of
             the
             Mint
             inform
             me
             )
             cannot
             be
             known
             at
             their
             Office
             ,
             because
             their
             Memorials
             thereof
             are
             either
             Imperfect
             or
             Lost
             :
             But
             by
             the
             abovesaid
             Copy
             I
             find
             ,
             That
             in
             the
             first
             Twelve
             Years
             of
             his
             Reign
             there
             was
             Coin'd
             in
             Silver
             Sterling
             Moneys
             ,
             One
             Million
             Five
             hundred
             fifty
             eight
             thousand
             and
             Fourteen
             Pounds
             ,
             Nine
             Shillings
             and
             Nine
             Pence
             ;
             and
             I
             find
             ,
             That
             in
             the
             last
             Seven
             years
             of
             his
             Reign
             ,
             the
             Silver
             Moneys
             Coin'd
             did
             amount
             to
             One
             hundred
             and
             two
             thousand
             Nine
             hundred
             and
             eighty
             one
             Pounds
             Nine
             Shillings
             and
             eight
             Pence
             ,
             and
             then
             adding
             39004
             l.
             o
             s.
             7
             d.
             by
             estimation
             for
             the
             Two
             or
             Three
             intermediate
             years
             of
             the
             same
             Reign
             ,
             the
             whole
             of
             the
             Silver
             Sterling
             Money
             Coin'd
             by
             King
             Iames
             the
             First
             ,
             was
             —
             
               
                 l.
                 
              
               
                 1700000.
                 
              
            
          
           
           
             And
             it
             appears
             by
             an
             Account
             from
             the
             Officers
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             That
             there
             was
             Coin'd
             of
             Silver
             Moneys
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             Charles
             the
             First
             -
             
               
                 
                   l.
                   s.
                   d.
                
                 
              
               
                 8776544.
                 10.
                 3.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 
                   l.
                   s.
                   d.
                
                 
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 15109476.
                 13.
                 5¾
              
            
          
           
             Now
             considering
             how
             far
             this
             Sum
             is
             to
             be
             abated
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             By
             the
             want
             of
             the
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Groats
             ,
             Quarter-Shillings
             ,
             Half-Groats
             ,
             Three-half-peny
             Pieces
             ,
             Three-farthing
             Pieces
             ,
             and
             Half-pence
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             ,
             which
             are
             wholly
             sunk
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             By
             the
             Diminution
             of
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Shillings
             ,
             and
             Six-pences
             of
             the
             same
             Queen
             ,
             many
             of
             which
             may
             be
             supposed
             to
             be
             Melted
             down
             ,
             Re-Coined
             ,
             or
             Lost.
             
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             By
             the
             Loss
             of
             the
             Crowns
             ,
             Groats
             ,
             Two-Pences
             ,
             Pence
             ,
             and
             Half-Pence
             of
             Iames
             the
             First
             ,
             and
             Charles
             the
             First
             ,
             which
             seem
             to
             be
             quite
             gone
             ,
             and
             
             by
             the
             Melting
             ,
             Re-Coining
             ,
             or
             Loss
             of
             many
             (
             if
             not
             most
             )
             of
             the
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             ,
             and
             Six-Pences
             of
             those
             Two
             Kings
             ,
             one
             can
             hardly
             believe
             there
             is
             now
             in
             being
             ,
             of
             the
             Coins
             of
             the
             said
             Three
             Reigns
             ,
             above
             One
             Third
             Part
             ,
             which
             Amounts
             to
             Five
             Millions
             Thirty
             six
             thousand
             Four
             hundred
             ninety
             two
             Pounds
             ;
             to
             which
             if
             there
             be
             added
             Five
             hundred
             Sixty
             three
             thousand
             Five
             hundred
             and
             eight
             Pounds
             more
             ,
             for
             the
             Unmelted
             Silver
             Coins
             of
             Charles
             the
             Second
             ,
             Iames
             the
             Second
             ,
             King
             William
             and
             Queen
             Mary
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             small
             Quantities
             which
             remain
             of
             those
             which
             were
             made
             before
             the
             Reign
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             ;
             then
             the
             whole
             of
             the
             Silver
             Sterling
             Coins
             Clipt
             and
             Unclipt
             ,
             Hoarded
             and
             Currant
             now
             in
             England
             ,
             will
             be
             Computed
             at
             Five
             Millions
             and
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             .
             And
             if
             it
             be
             Granted
             that
             Four
             Millions
             of
             this
             Sum
             consists
             of
             Pieces
             that
             are
             Diminished
             ,
             some
             more
             ,
             some
             less
             ,
             by
             Clipping
             ,
             then
             it
             will
             follow
             ,
             that
             there
             remains
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             about
             One
             Million
             ,
             and
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             of
             Heavy
             Money
             ,
             
             a
             great
             part
             of
             which
             is
             supposed
             to
             lie
             in
             Hoards
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             Currant
             chiefly
             in
             the
             Counties
             most
             remote
             from
             London
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             I
             am
             to
             Compute
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             I
             can
             ,
             
               How
               far
               the
               Clipt
               Pieces
               ,
               now
               in
               being
               ,
               may
               have
               been
               Diminished
               in
               their
               Weight
               .
            
             In
             reference
             to
             which
             ,
             your
             Lordships
             may
             be
             pleased
             to
             be
             Reminded
             ,
             That
             when
             the
             Earl
             of
             Rochester
             was
             Lord
             Treasurer
             ,
             several
             Good
             Orders
             were
             Established
             by
             him
             for
             the
             Exchequer
             ;
             One
             of
             which
             was
             ,
             to
             have
             all
             the
             Bags
             of
             Money
             there
             Received
             to
             be
             Weighed
             .
             And
             I
             have
             Extracted
             from
             the
             Books
             of
             One
             of
             the
             Tellers
             ,
             the
             Weight
             of
             Five
             hundred
             seventy
             two
             Bags
             of
             One
             hundred
             Pound
             each
             ,
             which
             were
             brought
             to
             the
             Receipt
             promiscuously
             ,
             in
             the
             Months
             of
             
               May
               ,
               Iune
            
             and
             Iuly
             last
             .
             Now
             ,
             whereas
             the
             Weight
             of
             One
             hundred
             Pounds
             Sterling
             in
             Silver
             Moneys
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Standard
             of
             the
             Mint
             ,
             ought
             to
             be
             Thirty
             two
             Pounds
             ,
             Three
             Ounces
             ,
             One
             Peny
             Weight
             ,
             and
             Twenty
             two
             Grains
             Troy
             ,
             and
             consequently
             the
             said
             Bags
             ,
             containing
             
             Fifty
             seven
             thousand
             Two
             hundred
             Pounds
             by
             Tale
             ,
             
             ought
             to
             have
             Weighed
             Two
             hundred
             twenty
             one
             thousand
             Four
             hundred
             and
             Eighteen
             Ounces
             ,
             Sixteen
             Peny
             Weight
             ,
             and
             Eight
             Grains
             Troy
             :
             It
             was
             found
             that
             the
             said
             Fifty
             seven
             thousand
             and
             Two
             hundred
             Pounds
             by
             Tale
             (
             comprizing
             some
             Weighty
             Pieces
             ,
             though
             few
             )
             Weighed
             only
             One
             hundred
             and
             thirteen
             thousand
             Seven
             hundred
             and
             Seventy
             one
             Ounces
             and
             Five
             Peny
             Weight
             Troy.
             So
             that
             if
             all
             the
             said
             Sum
             of
             Fifty
             seven
             thousand
             and
             Two
             hundred
             Pounds
             by
             Tale
             were
             good
             Silver
             ,
             yet
             it
             was
             Deficient
             in
             Weight
             ,
             One
             hundred
             and
             seven
             thousand
             six
             hundred
             fourty
             seven
             Ounces
             ,
             Eleven
             Peny
             Weight
             and
             Eight
             Grains
             Troy
             ;
             from
             whence
             I
             infer
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             the
             Moneys
             commonly
             Currant
             are
             Diminished
             near
             one
             Half
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             in
             a
             Proportion
             something
             greater
             than
             that
             of
             Ten
             to
             Twenty
             two
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             going
             by
             the
             Medium
             of
             the
             said
             Number
             of
             Bags
             ,
             and
             making
             but
             a
             very
             small
             Allowance
             for
             the
             Unclipt
             Pieces
             in
             the
             said
             Bags
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             Difference
             
             of
             Money
             brought
             to
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             passes
             amongst
             the
             Common
             People
             (
             the
             former
             being
             in
             most
             Payments
             the
             best
             of
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             )
             every
             one
             must
             be
             convinced
             ,
             That
             if
             all
             the
             Clipt
             Pieces
             of
             Silver
             Moneys
             in
             England
             could
             be
             weighed
             together
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             found
             Deficient
             a
             full
             Half
             of
             their
             Standard
             Weight
             .
             Again
             ,
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             If
             all
             the
             Pieces
             in
             England
             that
             are
             more
             or
             less
             Clipt
             ,
             do
             Amount
             by
             Tale
             to
             Four
             Millions
             (
             as
             is
             before
             supposed
             )
             then
             I
             infer
             ,
             That
             by
             Re-Coining
             the
             same
             upon
             the
             Old
             Foot
             ,
             it
             will
             make
             but
             Two
             Millions
             ,
             and
             the
             Loss
             would
             be
             as
             much
             :
             But
             by
             Re-Coining
             the
             same
             upon
             the
             Foot
             of
             Six
             Shillings
             and
             Three
             Pence
             for
             the
             present
             Crown
             Piece
             ,
             as
             is
             above
             proposed
             ,
             the
             same
             Quantity
             of
             Clipt
             Money
             will
             make
             Two
             Millions
             ,
             and
             Five
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             ,
             and
             the
             Loss
             will
             be
             Fifteen
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             ,
             to
             be
             born
             either
             by
             Publick
             Aid
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             Particulars
             interested
             in
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             ,
             or
             by
             both
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Third
             General
             Head
             Discusses
             this
             Question
             ,
             Whether
             it
             be
             or
             be
             not
             absolutely
             Necessary
             at
             this
             time
             to
             Re-establish
             the
             Coins
             .
          
           
             IT
             will
             readily
             be
             Granted
             ,
             That
             the
             Melting
             and
             New
             Fabricating
             the
             much
             greater
             Part
             of
             all
             the
             Silver
             Moneys
             of
             the
             Realm
             (
             as
             the
             Clipt
             Pieces
             are
             )
             would
             be
             a
             Work
             very
             improper
             to
             be
             Enterprized
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             an
             Important
             and
             Expensive
             War
             ;
             if
             the
             doing
             thereof
             were
             not
             indispensibly
             necessary
             ,
             to
             render
             effectual
             the
             very
             Ways
             and
             Means
             ,
             which
             in
             Parliament
             may
             be
             Resolved
             upon
             ,
             in
             reference
             to
             Aids
             or
             Supplies
             for
             Carrying
             on
             of
             the
             same
             War
             ,
             and
             to
             produce
             a
             Species
             of
             Money
             that
             may
             be
             Useful
             and
             Serviceable
             for
             the
             Upholding
             of
             the
             Commerce
             ,
             and
             for
             answering
             not
             only
             of
             the
             Publick
             ,
             
             but
             also
             of
             all
             Private
             Revenues
             ,
             Rents
             ,
             Debts
             ,
             and
             other
             Occasions
             ,
             which
             concern
             the
             very
             Existence
             of
             the
             great
             Political
             Body
             .
          
           
             It
             were
             enough
             for
             me
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             ,
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             the
             House
             of
             Commons
             judg'd
             it
             necessary
             to
             have
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             Re-Coin'd
             ,
             having
             Resolved
             thereupon
             ,
             after
             many
             long
             and
             mature
             Deliberations
             ,
             in
             the
             last
             Session
             of
             Parliament
             .
             But
             the
             Evils
             which
             for
             some
             time
             past
             have
             been
             growing
             upon
             us
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Coins
             ,
             being
             at
             length
             actually
             Arrived
             ,
             and
             more
             sensibly
             Felt
             ,
             I
             shall
             take
             leave
             humbly
             to
             State
             the
             same
             according
             to
             the
             best
             of
             my
             Understanding
             ,
             and
             submit
             the
             Judgment
             thereof
             to
             Publick
             Authority
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             Because
             such
             of
             the
             Silver
             Coins
             as
             are
             usually
             Currant
             ,
             or
             offer'd
             in
             Payments
             ,
             are
             very
             Bad
             and
             Defective
             ;
             the
             Common
             People
             (
             without
             any
             visible
             Reason
             ,
             other
             thanto
             avoid
             the
             Danger
             and
             Vexation
             of
             such
             Moneys
             )
             by
             almost
             an
             Unanimous
             Consent
             and
             Agreement
             ,
             do
             take
             Guineas
             at
             Thirty
             Shillings
             apiece
             ,
             little
             more
             or
             less
             ,
             which
             Raises
             the
             Gold
             
             here
             (
             as
             hath
             been
             observed
             )
             to
             a
             much
             higher
             Price
             in
             Proportion
             than
             Silver
             in
             Bullion
             now
             goes
             at
             ,
             or
             that
             Silver
             in
             Coin
             will
             go
             for
             ,
             when
             it
             shall
             be
             Raised
             to
             the
             Foot
             of
             Six
             Shillings
             and
             Three
             Pence
             for
             the
             Crown
             Piece
             according
             to
             this
             Projection
             .
             And
             this
             exorbitant
             Price
             of
             Gold
             here
             ,
             hath
             encouraged
             Foreign
             Merchants
             to
             Import
             it
             upon
             us
             in
             great
             Quantities
             :
             And
             in
             Return
             for
             the
             same
             ,
          
           
             They
             either
             Export
             our
             Silver
             in
             Coin
             or
             Molten
             ;
             which
             lying
             in
             a
             little
             Room
             ,
             the
             Exportation
             thereof
             cannot
             easily
             be
             Prevented
             .
             Or
             ,
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             They
             Buy
             our
             Native
             Commodities
             (
             the
             Interruption
             of
             the
             Navigation
             ,
             not
             Allowing
             us
             such
             an
             Overplus
             of
             Goods
             ,
             brought
             from
             our
             Colonies
             in
             America
             ,
             and
             other
             Foreign
             Parts
             ,
             wherewith
             England
             in
             times
             of
             Peace
             could
             at
             least
             Ballance
             its
             Trade
             with
             its
             Neighbours
             .
             )
             Or
             ,
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             They
             draw
             back
             the
             aforesaid
             Value
             of
             their
             Gold
             ,
             by
             Bills
             of
             Exchange
             or
             Remittances
             .
             In
             every
             one
             of
             these
             Cases
             ,
             they
             make
             an
             unreasonable
             Profit
             by
             their
             Gold
             ,
             which
             must
             needs
             ,
             
             in
             a
             little
             time
             ,
             Exhaust
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Real
             Stock
             and
             Wealth
             of
             our
             Nation
             ;
             But
             particularly
             in
             the
             first
             Case
             ,
             the
             Bullion
             or
             Coin
             in
             Silver
             that
             is
             Exported
             ,
             is
             really
             worth
             much
             more
             than
             the
             Gold
             Imported
             for
             it
             ;
             and
             the
             Difference
             becomes
             a
             Dead
             Loss
             to
             England
             ,
             which
             Labours
             too
             much
             already
             under
             the
             Scarcity
             of
             Silver
             ,
             and
             will
             inevitably
             find
             it
             much
             Scarcer
             and
             Dearer
             than
             it
             is
             ,
             if
             this
             Golden
             Trade
             continues
             .
             In
             the
             Second
             Case
             ,
             they
             can
             Furnish
             Foreign
             Markets
             with
             our
             Native
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             would
             be
             carried
             thither
             by
             our
             own
             Merchants
             ,
             who
             want
             the
             aforesaid
             Profit
             of
             the
             Gold
             ,
             to
             enable
             them
             to
             Buy
             those
             Goods
             as
             Dear
             ,
             and
             Sell
             them
             as
             Cheap
             as
             the
             Foreigners
             can
             .
             And
             in
             the
             Third
             Case
             ,
             by
             the
             great
             occasion
             they
             have
             for
             Bills
             to
             draw
             back
             the
             Value
             of
             their
             Gold
             to
             the
             Places
             from
             whence
             it
             came
             ,
             they
             have
             Contributed
             in
             a
             great
             measure
             towards
             Lowering
             the
             Exchange
             to
             the
             
               Low
               Countries
            
             ;
             which
             from
             divers
             Causes
             (
             whereof
             the
             Importing
             of
             Guineas
             is
             none
             of
             the
             least
             )
             is
             sunk
             so
             very
             Low
             ,
             that
             the
             Publick
             loses
             about
             Four
             Shillings
             
             in
             the
             Pound
             upon
             all
             the
             Moneys
             Remitted
             thither
             ;
             which
             Loss
             Amounts
             to
             a
             great
             deal
             in
             the
             Charge
             of
             the
             Army
             .
             And
             the
             Exchange
             to
             Hamburgh
             and
             the
             
               East
               Countreys
            
             for
             all
             Naval
             Stores
             ,
             and
             other
             Goods
             ,
             is
             Lower
             ,
             and
             to
             all
             Places
             in
             the
             Mediterranean
             (
             where
             our
             Fleet
             is
             at
             present
             )
             the
             Exchange
             is
             yet
             more
             to
             our
             Prejudice
             .
             And
             in
             regard
             the
             aforesaid
             excessive
             Advance
             of
             the
             Guinea
             Pieces
             ,
             at
             least
             a
             great
             part
             thereof
             ,
             can
             be
             Attributed
             (
             as
             has
             been
             before
             observed
             )
             to
             nothing
             else
             but
             the
             Baseness
             and
             Defects
             of
             the
             White
             Moneys
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             Prospect
             of
             Reducing
             the
             Gold
             to
             a
             more
             moderate
             or
             reasonable
             Price
             ,
             by
             any
             means
             consistent
             with
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             other
             than
             the
             Amendment
             ,
             and
             Restoring
             of
             the
             Silver
             Coins
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             In
             the
             present
             Condition
             and
             Circumstances
             of
             our
             Silver
             Money
             ,
             this
             Nation
             and
             the
             Trade
             and
             Dealings
             thereof
             ,
             are
             in
             a
             great
             measure
             Deprived
             of
             the
             Use
             and
             Benefit
             of
             the
             whole
             Species
             now
             in
             being
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             Heavy
             Pieces
             as
             the
             Light
             ;
             the
             former
             of
             which
             (
             especially
             
             since
             the
             Parliament
             in
             the
             last
             Session
             appear'd
             desirous
             of
             making
             a
             Reformation
             or
             Amendment
             )
             have
             been
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Hoarded
             by
             the
             particular
             Persons
             Possessed
             thereof
             ,
             in
             prospect
             that
             the
             Silver
             contained
             in
             those
             Weighty
             Pieces
             will
             be
             Raised
             to
             a
             Value
             suitable
             to
             the
             Bullion
             thereof
             if
             Melted
             ,
             which
             they
             may
             think
             will
             turn
             more
             to
             their
             Profit
             than
             Lending
             at
             Interest
             ,
             Purchasing
             or
             Trading
             therewith
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ;
             or
             at
             least
             they
             may
             think
             these
             Hoarded
             Moneys
             (
             when
             the
             Mischiefs
             of
             Corrupting
             and
             Diminishing
             their
             Coins
             ,
             come
             to
             their
             last
             Extremity
             )
             will
             particularly
             stand
             those
             Men
             in
             stead
             that
             have
             them
             ;
             however
             it
             be
             ,
             its
             certain
             the
             Weighty
             Moneys
             at
             present
             do
             very
             little
             appear
             Abroad
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             not
             likely
             they
             will
             soon
             be
             brought
             to
             Light
             ,
             without
             Raising
             their
             Value
             ,
             and
             Re-Coining
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             ;
             and
             as
             for
             the
             latter
             ,
             a
             great
             Part
             thereof
             ,
             when
             offered
             in
             Payments
             ,
             is
             utterly
             Refused
             ,
             and
             will
             not
             Pass
             ,
             and
             consequently
             doth
             not
             serve
             to
             the
             end
             or
             Purpose
             for
             which
             it
             was
             made
             :
             so
             that
             both
             the
             one
             and
             the
             other
             
             (
             for
             the
             greatest
             Part
             )
             are
             become
             as
             it
             were
             a
             Dead
             Cash
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             In
             Consequence
             of
             the
             Vitiating
             ,
             Diminishing
             and
             Counterfeiting
             of
             the
             Currant
             Moneys
             ,
             it
             is
             come
             to
             pass
             ,
             That
             great
             Contentions
             do
             daily
             arise
             amonst
             the
             King's
             Subjects
             ,
             in
             Fairs
             ,
             Markets
             ,
             Shops
             ,
             and
             other
             Places
             throughout
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             about
             the
             Passing
             or
             Refusing
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             to
             the
             disturbance
             of
             the
             Publick
             Peace
             ;
             many
             Bargains
             ,
             Doings
             and
             Dealings
             are
             totally
             prevented
             and
             laid
             aside
             ,
             which
             lessens
             Trade
             in
             general
             ;
             Persons
             before
             they
             conclude
             in
             any
             Bargains
             ,
             are
             necessitated
             first
             to
             settle
             the
             Price
             or
             Value
             of
             the
             very
             Money
             they
             are
             to
             Receive
             for
             their
             Goods
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             be
             in
             Guineas
             at
             a
             High
             Rate
             ,
             or
             in
             Clipt
             or
             Bad
             Moneys
             ,
             they
             set
             the
             Price
             of
             their
             Goods
             accordingly
             ,
             which
             I
             think
             has
             been
             One
             great
             cause
             of
             Raising
             the
             Price
             not
             only
             of
             Merchandizes
             ,
             but
             even
             of
             Edibles
             ,
             and
             other
             Necessaries
             for
             the
             sustenance
             of
             the
             Common
             People
             ,
             to
             their
             great
             Grievance
             .
             The
             Receipt
             and
             Collection
             of
             the
             Publick
             Taxes
             ,
             Revenues
             and
             Debts
             (
             as
             well
             as
             
             of
             Private
             Mens
             Incomes
             )
             are
             extreamly
             retarded
             ,
             to
             the
             Damage
             of
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Prejudice
             of
             a
             Vigorous
             Prosecution
             of
             the
             War
             ;
             so
             that
             there
             were
             never
             (
             at
             least
             since
             I
             had
             the
             Honour
             to
             serve
             the
             Crown
             )
             so
             many
             Bonds
             Given
             ,
             and
             lying
             Unsatisfied
             at
             the
             Custom-Houses
             ,
             or
             so
             vast
             an
             Arrear
             of
             Excises
             .
             And
             as
             for
             the
             Land
             Tax
             ,
             your
             Lordships
             know
             how
             far
             't
             is
             affected
             with
             the
             Bad
             Moneys
             ,
             by
             the
             many
             Complaints
             transmitted
             daily
             from
             the
             Commissioners
             ,
             Receivers
             and
             Collectors
             thereof
             ,
             and
             by
             Comparing
             the
             Sum
             brought
             into
             the
             Exchequer
             this
             Year
             ,
             with
             the
             timely
             Payments
             of
             the
             like
             Tax
             in
             preceding
             Years
             .
             In
             fine
             ,
             the
             Mischiefs
             of
             the
             Bad
             Money
             (
             too
             many
             to
             enumerate
             )
             are
             so
             sensibly
             Felt
             ,
             that
             (
             I
             humbly
             conceive
             )
             they
             are
             sufficient
             to
             Confute
             all
             the
             Arguments
             against
             the
             Re-Coining
             the
             same
             in
             this
             time
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             even
             the
             Objections
             against
             Raising
             the
             Silver
             in
             our
             Coin
             to
             the
             Propos'd
             Value
             .
             Which
             Arguments
             and
             Objections
             (
             how
             Plausible
             or
             Weighty
             soever
             they
             have
             been
             heretofore
             )
             have
             not
             at
             this
             time
             
             sufficient
             Ground
             or
             Reason
             to
             Support
             them
             ,
             especially
             when
             the
             doing
             of
             these
             things
             is
             not
             Projected
             for
             the
             particular
             Gain
             or
             Profit
             of
             the
             Crown
             (
             which
             formerly
             Received
             a
             Duty
             of
             Seigniorage
             upon
             Coining
             or
             Re-coining
             of
             Moneys
             )
             but
             for
             the
             Common
             Good
             and
             Utility
             of
             the
             King
             and
             his
             People
             .
             But
             whether
             all
             the
             Evils
             and
             Mischiefs
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             and
             the
             Increase
             thereof
             ,
             which
             the
             Nation
             must
             undergo
             ,
             till
             a
             Remedy
             be
             Applied
             ,
             do
             infer
             ,
             or
             are
             tantamount
             to
             an
             absolute
             Necessity
             for
             the
             present
             Enterprising
             the
             Work
             aforesaid
             ,
             must
             be
             and
             is
             with
             all
             Humility
             submitted
             to
             a
             better
             Judgment
             than
             my
             own
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Fourth
             General
             Head
             is
             to
             propose
             the
             Means
             that
             must
             be
             Obtained
             ,
             and
             the
             proper
             Methods
             to
             be
             used
             in
             and
             for
             the
             Re-establishment
             of
             the
             
               Silver
               Coins
            
             .
          
           
             IN
             Case
             His
             Majesty
             (
             taking
             into
             His
             Princely
             Consideration
             the
             great
             Inconveniencies
             which
             the
             Nation
             Labours
             under
             by
             the
             badness
             of
             the
             Moneys
             )
             shall
             be
             pleased
             to
             Direct
             ,
             That
             all
             such
             Silver
             Coins
             called
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             or
             Testers
             ,
             as
             have
             been
             formerly
             Coin'd
             in
             the
             Royal
             Mint
             ,
             or
             Mints
             of
             England
             with
             the
             Hammer
             ,
             and
             are
             more
             or
             less
             Diminished
             by
             Clipping
             ,
             Rounding
             ,
             Filing
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Artifice
             ,
             shall
             be
             Melted
             and
             Re-Coin'd
             ,
             my
             humble
             Opinion
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             General
             Cautions
             following
             are
             to
             be
             Observed
             ;
          
           
           
             First
             ,
             That
             the
             Work
             ought
             to
             be
             Performed
             and
             Finished
             in
             as
             little
             time
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             Obviate
             a
             further
             Damage
             by
             Clipping
             in
             the
             interim
             ,
             but
             also
             that
             the
             needful
             Advantages
             of
             the
             New
             Money
             may
             be
             the
             sooner
             Obtained
             for
             the
             Service
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             the
             loss
             ,
             or
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             it
             ought
             to
             be
             born
             by
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             not
             by
             Particulars
             ,
             who
             being
             very
             Numerous
             will
             be
             prejudiced
             against
             a
             Reformation
             for
             the
             Publick
             Benefit
             ,
             if
             it
             is
             to
             be
             Effected
             at
             the
             Cost
             of
             particular
             Men
             ,
             and
             who
             have
             great
             hopes
             of
             being
             Indemnified
             by
             the
             Votes
             Passed
             in
             their
             favour
             in
             the
             last
             Session
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             This
             whole
             Affair
             must
             be
             rendered
             Easie
             ,
             and
             very
             Intelligible
             to
             the
             Common
             People
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             must
             not
             be
             compelled
             to
             Travel
             very
             far
             when
             they
             part
             with
             their
             Clipt
             Money
             ,
             or
             when
             they
             receive
             back
             the
             Value
             of
             it
             in
             the
             New
             Coins
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             they
             must
             be
             furnished
             with
             a
             Useful
             and
             Transferrable
             Credit
             that
             must
             take
             Place
             
             in
             Course
             of
             Repayment
             ,
             as
             fast
             as
             the
             New
             Coins
             can
             be
             made
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             That
             no
             room
             must
             be
             left
             for
             Jealousie
             .
             And
             therefore
             all
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             in
             the
             several
             Counties
             ,
             far
             or
             near
             ,
             are
             not
             to
             be
             brought
             entirely
             to
             London
             ,
             to
             be
             Minted
             there
             ;
             which
             would
             leave
             all
             the
             Countries
             very
             bare
             ,
             and
             create
             great
             Suspicions
             till
             its
             Return
             .
          
           
             Fifthly
             ,
             That
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             King's
             Officers
             begin
             to
             take
             in
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             ,
             or
             presently
             after
             ,
             the
             Course
             for
             Repaying
             the
             Stated
             Value
             thereof
             in
             New
             Moneys
             ought
             to
             begin
             also
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             Carried
             on
             by
             the
             New
             Moneys
             ,
             which
             shall
             be
             Coin'd
             from
             the
             Silver
             of
             the
             Old
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             it
             will
             Extend
             ;
             And
             that
             an
             Aid
             be
             given
             in
             Parliament
             to
             Supply
             the
             residue
             ,
             in
             such
             time
             and
             manner
             ,
             as
             that
             there
             be
             no
             Interruption
             or
             Intervals
             in
             the
             Course
             of
             Repayment
             ,
             till
             such
             times
             as
             the
             Registers
             for
             the
             Clipt
             Moneys
             to
             be
             brought
             in
             shall
             be
             fully
             satisfied
             .
          
           
             According
             to
             these
             General
             Propositions
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             Requisites
             which
             have
             Occurred
             to
             me
             ,
             I
             have
             imployed
             my
             Thoughts
             to
             Reduce
             this
             whole
             Affair
             
             into
             Practice
             ,
             and
             do
             humbly
             Offer
             to
             your
             Lordships
             Consideration
             the
             Particulars
             following
             ,
             as
             the
             Scope
             and
             Design
             of
             my
             Report
             :
             That
             is
             to
             say
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             an
             Aid
             be
             granted
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             strictly
             Appropriated
             for
             or
             towards
             the
             making
             good
             of
             the
             Loss
             by
             the
             said
             Clipt
             Moneys
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             thereof
             as
             shall
             be
             thought
             Reasonable
             to
             be
             Defrayed
             by
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             the
             incident
             Charges
             which
             shall
             be
             necessary
             in
             the
             Performance
             of
             this
             Service
             .
             Which
             Aid
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             Commensurate
             to
             the
             whole
             Loss
             ,
             will
             ,
             by
             Estimation
             ,
             as
             above
             ,
             Amount
             to
             Fifteen
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             be
             Resolved
             that
             the
             Publick
             shall
             bear
             but
             half
             the
             Loss
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             then
             the
             Aid
             (
             in
             the
             grant
             thereof
             )
             may
             be
             proportioned
             accordingly
             .
             And
             the
             said
             Aid
             is
             humbly
             proposed
             to
             be
             either
             by
             a
             Land
             Tax
             of
             Twelve
             Pence
             in
             the
             Pound
             ,
             or
             by
             a
             yearly
             Sum
             to
             be
             Answered
             out
             of
             the
             continued
             Impositions
             upon
             Goods
             imported
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             certain
             Fond
             ,
             to
             take
             Effect
             within
             a
             year
             to
             come
             at
             the
             farthest
             .
          
           
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             New
             Moneys
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             ,
             shall
             in
             the
             Coining
             thereof
             be
             made
             in
             Fineness
             or
             Purity
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             
               present
               Standard
            
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             the
             Gold
             to
             be
             Twenty
             two
             Carats
             Fine
             and
             Two
             Carats
             Allay
             :
             And
             the
             Silver
             Coins
             to
             be
             Eleven
             Ounces
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             Fine
             ,
             and
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             Allay
             ,
             for
             the
             Reasons
             above
             given
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             every
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             of
             such
             .
             Gold
             ,
             shall
             be
             cut
             into
             Eighty
             nine
             Half
             Guineas
             ,
             or
             Fourty
             four
             Guineas
             and
             an
             Half
             ,
             or
             proportionably
             for
             greater
             Pieces
             ,
             as
             the
             same
             ought
             to
             be
             by
             the
             present
             Indenture
             of
             the
             Mint
             ;
             with
             a
             Remedy
             for
             the
             Master
             ,
             of
             the
             Sixth
             Part
             of
             a
             Carat
             ,
             in
             Case
             the
             Gold
             be
             found
             too
             strong
             or
             too
             feeble
             in
             Weight
             ,
             or
             in
             Fineness
             ,
             or
             in
             both
             .
             And
             that
             every
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             ,
             of
             the
             New
             Silver
             Moneys
             ,
             to
             be
             made
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             be
             cut
             into
             such
             Numbers
             of
             Pieces
             as
             will
             correspond
             in
             Weight
             with
             the
             Undimished
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             ,
             Six-pences
             ,
             Groats
             ,
             Three-pences
             ,
             Two-pences
             and
             Pence
             ,
             Coin'd
             by
             the
             
             late
             Indentures
             ,
             except
             the
             Twelve
             Peny
             Pieces
             ,
             all
             which
             may
             be
             performed
             ,
             as
             is
             above
             offered
             .
             And
             that
             the
             Master
             be
             allowed
             a
             Remedy
             of
             Two
             Peny
             Weight
             in
             every
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             ,
             of
             the
             Silver
             Moneys
             ,
             in
             case
             they
             be
             found
             too
             strong
             or
             too
             feeble
             in
             Weight
             ,
             or
             in
             Fineness
             ,
             or
             in
             both
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             That
             by
             Authority
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             or
             by
             a
             Royal
             Proclamation
             to
             be
             Grounded
             on
             an
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             the
             Silver
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             and
             Six-pences
             of
             the
             Lawful
             Coins
             of
             this
             Realm
             now
             in
             being
             ,
             and
             not
             Diminished
             by
             Clipping
             ,
             Rounding
             ,
             Filing
             ,
             Washing
             ,
             or
             other
             Artifice
             ,
             be
             Publickly
             Cried
             up
             ,
             and
             Raised
             to
             the
             Foot
             of
             Seventy
             five
             Pence
             for
             the
             Crown
             ,
             and
             proportionably
             for
             the
             rest
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             also
             proposed
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             other
             small
             Pieces
             of
             the
             Old
             Coins
             (
             which
             are
             few
             in
             number
             )
             go
             as
             they
             do
             at
             present
             .
             And
             that
             the
             New
             Coins
             to
             be
             called
             the
             Scepire
             ,
             or
             Vnite
             ,
             the
             Half-Scepire
             ,
             or
             Half-Vnite
             ,
             the
             Testoon
             or
             Fifteen
             Peny
             Piece
             ,
             the
             Shilling
             or
             Twelve
             Peny
             Piece
             ,
             the
             Half-Testoon
             ,
             the
             Gross
             or
             Five
             Peny
             Piece
             ,
             Quarter-Testoon
             ,
             
             the
             Half-Gross
             and
             Prime
             be
             made
             Currant
             upon
             the
             same
             Foot
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             also
             propos'd
             ,
             Pag.
             61
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Fifthly
             ,
             That
             Coin
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             English
             Bullion
             ,
             not
             exceeding
             a
             limited
             Sum
             yearly
             ,
             may
             be
             Exported
             for
             the
             Service
             of
             the
             present
             War
             by
             His
             Majesty's
             Warrant
             and
             Command
             ,
             and
             not
             otherwise
             ;
             which
             will
             help
             to
             keep
             down
             the
             Price
             of
             Silver
             .
          
           
             Sixthly
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             New
             Moneys
             be
             made
             by
             the
             Mill
             and
             the
             Press
             ,
             and
             not
             by
             the
             Hammer
             .
          
           
             Seventhly
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             present
             Silver
             Pieces
             called
             Crowns
             ,
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             and
             Six-pences
             of
             the
             Hammer'd
             kind
             ,
             which
             are
             Diminished
             by
             Clipping
             ,
             Rounding
             ,
             Filing
             ,
             Washing
             ,
             or
             other
             Artifice
             ,
             be
             Cried
             down
             ,
             so
             as
             not
             to
             be
             Currant
             after
             a
             Day
             to
             be
             prefix'd
             .
             And
             that
             no
             Person
             whatsoever
             shall
             hereafter
             be
             obliged
             to
             accept
             in
             Legal
             Payment
             any
             Money
             whatsoever
             that
             is
             already
             Clipt
             ,
             or
             may
             hereafter
             be
             Clipt
             or
             Diminished
             ;
             and
             that
             no
             Person
             shall
             Tender
             or
             Receive
             any
             such
             Money
             in
             Payment
             under
             some
             small
             Penalty
             ,
             to
             be
             made
             easily
             Recoverable
             ;
             
             the
             Passing
             ,
             Selling
             ,
             or
             Changing
             of
             such
             Clipt
             or
             Diminished
             Moneys
             ,
             in
             Order
             to
             the
             Re-Coining
             thereof
             ,
             as
             is
             herein
             after
             mentioned
             ,
             only
             Excepted
             .
          
           
             Eighthly
             ,
             That
             no
             Crown
             Piece
             (
             of
             Old
             Hammer'd
             Money
             )
             shall
             be
             said
             or
             alledged
             to
             be
             Clipt
             or
             Diminished
             ,
             or
             be
             Refused
             as
             such
             in
             any
             Payments
             whatsoever
             ,
             if
             it
             hold
             Eighteen
             Peny
             Weight
             ;
             and
             proportionable
             Weight
             shall
             render
             the
             Half-Crowns
             ,
             Shillings
             and
             Six-pences
             of
             the
             said
             Hammer'd
             kind
             to
             be
             Currant
             in
             all
             Payments
             ;
             which
             seems
             necessary
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             wearing
             of
             the
             Old
             Pieces
             ,
             though
             they
             are
             not
             Clipt
             .
          
           
             Ninthly
             ,
             That
             besides
             the
             Principal
             Mint
             within
             the
             Tower
             of
             London
             (
             where
             Six
             Presses
             can
             be
             wrought
             at
             the
             same
             time
             )
             there
             be
             Settled
             and
             Established
             Nine
             other
             Mints
             within
             England
             and
             Wales
             ,
             to
             Work
             with
             Two
             Presses
             in
             each
             ,
             Namely
             ,
             One
             at
             Newcastle
             upon
             Tyne
             ,
             to
             serve
             principally
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             
               Durham
               ,
               Northumberland
               ,
               Cumberland
            
             and
             Westmerland
             :
             One
             at
             York
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             York
             and
             Lancaster
             :
             One
             at
             Nottingham
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             
             
               Nottingham
               ,
               Lincoln
               ,
               Derby
            
             and
             Leicester
             :
             One
             at
             Chester
             ,
             to
             serve
             for
             
               Cheshire
               ,
               Staffordshire
               ,
               Salop
            
             and
             
               North
               Wales
            
             :
             One
             at
             Hereford
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             
               Hereford
               ,
               Gloucester
               Worcester
            
             and
             
               South
               Wales
            
             :
             One
             at
             Exeter
             to
             serve
             for
             
               Cornwall
               ,
               Devon
            
             and
             Somerset
             :
             One
             at
             Salisbury
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             
               Wilts
               ,
               Dorset
            
             and
             Hantshire
             :
             One
             at
             Oxon
             ,
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             Counties
             of
             
               Oxon
               ,
               Bucks
               ,
               Warwick
            
             ,
             and
             Berks
             :
             And
             One
             at
             Cambridge
             ,
             to
             serve
             for
             
               Norfolk
               ,
               Suffolk
               ,
               Huntingdon
               ,
               Cambridge
            
             and
             Bedfordshire
             ;
             and
             that
             at
             London
             will
             serve
             for
             the
             rest
             .
             Nevertheless
             these
             several
             Mints
             are
             not
             intended
             to
             be
             so
             Restrained
             but
             that
             a
             Man
             may
             carry
             his
             Money
             to
             any
             of
             them
             that
             lies
             most
             in
             his
             way
             ;
             whereby
             there
             may
             be
             Coined
             Weekly
             (
             as
             I
             am
             inform'd
             )
             about
             Fifty
             or
             Sixty
             thousand
             Pounds
             easily
             ,
             which
             will
             finish
             the
             whole
             Work
             in
             much
             less
             than
             a
             Years
             time
             .
             And
             that
             the
             Dyes
             ,
             Presses
             and
             other
             Implements
             may
             be
             providing
             with
             as
             much
             haste
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             be
             all
             sit
             for
             Use
             by
             or
             before
             Christmas
             next
             .
          
           
           
             Tenthly
             ,
             That
             the
             Warden
             ,
             Master
             Worker
             ,
             Comptroller
             ,
             and
             Assay-Master
             of
             the
             Mint
             do
             continue
             at
             the
             Tower
             ,
             and
             take
             the
             immediate
             Care
             of
             the
             Work
             there
             :
             And
             that
             they
             Substitute
             Fit
             and
             Skilful
             Persons
             as
             their
             Deputies
             (
             such
             as
             the
             King
             ,
             or
             the
             Lord
             Treasurer
             ,
             or
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Treasury
             for
             the
             time
             being
             ,
             shall
             approve
             of
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             must
             be
             Answer'd
             for
             by
             their
             respective
             Superiors
             )
             to
             Carry
             on
             the
             Works
             of
             the
             said
             Nine
             Mints
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ;
             which
             Substitutes
             shall
             be
             all
             Sworn
             ,
             for
             the
             faithful
             Discharge
             of
             their
             respective
             Trust
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Members
             of
             the
             Corporation
             of
             the
             Moneyers
             ,
             and
             other
             Ministers
             ,
             Officers
             and
             Servants
             ,
             be
             distributed
             accordingly
             ,
             and
             small
             Private
             Marks
             (
             if
             thought
             fit
             )
             may
             be
             made
             to
             distinguish
             the
             Money
             that
             shall
             be
             Coin'd
             at
             the
             respective
             Mints
             .
          
           
             Eleventhly
             ,
             That
             the
             Charge
             of
             making
             every
             Pound
             Weight
             Troy
             of
             Silver
             Moneys
             ,
             which
             at
             present
             is
             One
             Shilling
             and
             Four
             Pence
             Half-peny
             ,
             be
             made
             more
             Reasonable
             ,
             now
             so
             much
             is
             to
             be
             Coin'd
             and
             Re-Coin'd
             .
          
           
           
             Twelfthly
             ,
             That
             at
             or
             near
             every
             Town
             or
             Place
             where
             there
             shall
             be
             a
             Distinct
             Mint
             Established
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             there
             shall
             be
             also
             Settled
             and
             Fixt
             an
             Office
             ,
             which
             shall
             be
             ,
             and
             be
             called
             
               An
               Office
               of
               the
               Kings
               Change
            
             ;
             and
             the
             Chief
             Officer
             therein
             (
             to
             be
             Named
             by
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             or
             the
             Lord
             Treasurer
             ,
             or
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Treasury
             for
             the
             time
             being
             )
             shall
             be
             called
             
               The
               Kings
               Changer
            
             ;
             and
             that
             these
             Changers
             shall
             have
             Tellers
             or
             Substitutes
             under
             them
             .
             And
             they
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             their
             Substitutes
             ,
             shall
             be
             Sworn
             for
             the
             Due
             and
             Just
             Execution
             of
             their
             respective
             Trusts
             ,
             with
             regard
             not
             only
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             every
             Person
             that
             shall
             have
             to
             do
             with
             them
             in
             respect
             of
             their
             Places
             .
          
           
             Thirteenthly
             ,
             The
             said
             Officer
             called
             
               The
               Changer
            
             ,
             with
             such
             Tellers
             or
             Substitutes
             as
             shall
             be
             necessary
             ,
             shall
             daily
             and
             every
             Day
             (
             Sundays
             only
             excepted
             )
             attend
             at
             the
             Publick
             Office
             whereunto
             he
             or
             they
             shall
             be
             Assigned
             ,
             or
             at
             some
             other
             Market
             Town
             within
             the
             Counties
             of
             his
             District
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             is
             to
             attend
             at
             such
             other
             Market
             Town
             ,
             he
             shall
             cause
             the
             
             same
             to
             be
             Publickly
             Notified
             there
             ,
             by
             Affixing
             a
             Paper
             in
             some
             open
             Place
             in
             the
             Market
             next
             preceding
             ;
             and
             at
             the
             said
             Publick
             Office
             ,
             or
             at
             such
             other
             Market
             Towns
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             the
             said
             Changer
             by
             himself
             ,
             or
             by
             his
             Tellers
             or
             Substitutes
             ,
             shall
             Receive
             and
             Take
             in
             all
             such
             Clipt
             or
             Diminished
             Money
             as
             are
             beforementioned
             ,
             as
             any
             Person
             or
             Persons
             shall
             bring
             to
             him
             in
             order
             to
             be
             Recoin'd
             ;
             and
             in
             Performance
             of
             his
             Office
             or
             Duty
             ,
             he
             or
             they
             shall
             be
             holden
             to
             Observe
             the
             Rules
             following
             .
          
           
             
               RULE
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 HE
                 or
                 they
                 shall
                 carefully
                 View
                 and
                 Examine
                 by
                 the
                 Sight
                 every
                 Piece
                 or
                 Parcel
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Moneys
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 brought
                 in
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 or
                 they
                 shall
                 Observe
                 any
                 Piece
                 or
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 Weighty
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Eighth
                 Proposition
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 Currant
                 upon
                 the
                 New
                 Foot
                 (
                 of
                 Six
                 Shillings
                 and
                 Three
                 Pence
                 for
                 the
                 Crown
                 )
                 above-mentioned
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 or
                 they
                 shall
                 forthwith
                 cause
                 the
                 Weight
                 thereof
                 to
                 be
                 Tried
                 in
                 the
                 Scale
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 or
                 they
                 do
                 thereby
                 find
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 respective
                 Piece
                 or
                 Pieces
                 are
                 of
                 such
                 Weight
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 Currant
                 upon
                 the
                 said
                 New
                 Foot
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 Melted
                 down
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 shall
                 be
                 immediately
                 Marked
                 (
                 with
                 some
                 Impression
                 )
                 by
                 a
                 Hammer
                 ,
                 and
                 Redelivered
                 to
                 the
                 Bringer
                 thereof
                 to
                 be
                 Currant
                 at
                 the
                 Raised
                 Value
                 ,
                 intended
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 .
                 The
                 Marking
                 is
                 Design'd
                 chiefly
                 to
                 prevent
                 his
                 being
                 troubled
                 with
                 it
                 again
                 at
                 the
                 Office.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               RULE
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 IF
                 the
                 Changer
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Teller
                 or
                 Substitute
                 ,
                 shall
                 suspect
                 any
                 Piece
                 or
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 brought
                 in
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 (
                 either
                 Alone
                 or
                 in
                 a
                 Sum
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 Counterfeit
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 money
                 as
                 was
                 not
                 Originally
                 Coin'd
                 in
                 the
                 Royal
                 mint
                 of
                 
                 England
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 such
                 Case
                 ,
                 he
                 or
                 they
                 shall
                 and
                 may
                 cause
                 such
                 Suspicious
                 Piece
                 or
                 Pieces
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 the
                 Bringers
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 Divided
                 by
                 Shears
                 for
                 that
                 Purpose
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 and
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 Office.
                 And
                 if
                 upon
                 Dividing
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 it
                 shall
                 Appear
                 by
                 the
                 Grain
                 or
                 the
                 Touch
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 Piece
                 or
                 Pieces
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 Sterling
                 Silver
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 such
                 Case
                 ,
                 he
                 or
                 they
                 shall
                 retain
                 such
                 Silver
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 divided
                 )
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 be
                 Recoin'd
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 upon
                 such
                 Division
                 ,
                 the
                 Silver
                 shall
                 appear
                 to
                 be
                 worse
                 than
                 the
                 Goodness
                 of
                 Sterling
                 ,
                 every
                 Piece
                 so
                 divided
                 shall
                 be
                 delivered
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Bringer
                 thereof
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 must
                 be
                 contented
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 again
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Condition
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 serve
                 to
                 Defraud
                 any
                 Body
                 else
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               RULE
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 AS
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 said
                 Clipt
                 or
                 Diminished
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 consist
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Crown
                 ,
                 holding
                 any
                 Weight
                 less
                 than
                 Eighteen
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 ;
                 the
                 Half-Crown
                 holding
                 any
                 Weight
                 less
                 than
                 Nine
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 ;
                 the
                 Old
                 Shilling
                 holding
                 any
                 Weight
                 less
                 than
                 Three
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 ,
                 and
                 Sixth
                 Tenth
                 Parts
                 of
                 a
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Old
                 Tester
                 or
                 Six-pence
                 holding
                 any
                 Weight
                 less
                 than
                 One
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 Tenth
                 Parts
                 of
                 a
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 be
                 Melted
                 down
                 and
                 Recoined
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 loss
                 above-mentioned
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 Born
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 State
                 or
                 by
                 particular
                 Persons
                 ,
                 or
                 Both
                 ;
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 certain
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Loss
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Resolution
                 of
                 the
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 shall
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 one
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Neverthelss
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                 Explanation
                 of
                 this
                 Project
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 shew
                 how
                 far
                 it
                 is
                 practicable
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 humbly
                 Conceive
                 )
                 Assume
                 any
                 certain
                 Part
                 of
                 this
                 Loss
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 born
                 by
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 Resolved
                 .
                 And
                 Considering
                 that
                 One
                 hundred
                 Pounds
                 by
                 Tale
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Clipt
                 or
                 Diminished
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 One
                 Heap
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 Estimation
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 thereof
                 under
                 the
                 Second
                 General
                 Head
                 )
                 hold
                 above
                 Sixteen
                 Pound
                 Weight
                 Troy
                 ,
                 or
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 (
                 which
                 the
                 King's
                 Subjects
                 dealing
                 therein
                 ,
                 do
                 also
                 find
                 by
                 daily
                 Experience
                 )
                 I
                 do
                 from
                 thence
                 infer
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 said
                 Sixteen
                 Pounds
                 Weight
                 Troy
                 (
                 which
                 now
                 Runs
                 for
                 One
                 hundred
                 Pounds
                 by
                 Tale
                 )
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Changer
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 by
                 him
                 Received
                 at
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 per
                 Ounce
                 ;
                 then
                 the
                 said
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 per
                 Ounce
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 Paid
                 in
                 the
                 New
                 Money
                 ,
                 will
                 Amount
                 to
                 Seventy
                 six
                 Pound
                 and
                 Sixteen
                 
                 Shillings
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 plainly
                 cast
                 about
                 Half
                 the
                 Loss
                 upon
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 upon
                 the
                 Owner
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 (
                 who
                 will
                 also
                 find
                 some
                 Recompence
                 in
                 the
                 Raised
                 Value
                 of
                 his
                 Unclipt
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 has
                 any
                 such
                 .
                 )
                 Therefore
                 let
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 per
                 Ounce
                 in
                 the
                 New
                 Money
                 be
                 the
                 Assumed
                 or
                 Stated
                 Price
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Computed
                 by
                 the
                 Changer
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 real
                 Silver
                 which
                 he
                 shall
                 find
                 to
                 be
                 remaining
                 in
                 these
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 ;
                 which
                 Method
                 of
                 making
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Loss
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
                 by
                 Allowing
                 him
                 a
                 large
                 Price
                 for
                 every
                 Ounce
                 of
                 the
                 real
                 Silver
                 remaining
                 in
                 his
                 Clipt
                 Money
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 secure
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 (
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 )
                 a
                 better
                 way
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 Allowing
                 him
                 a
                 Market
                 Price
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 said
                 Silver
                 remaining
                 ,
                 and
                 Contributing
                 to
                 his
                 Loss
                 in
                 Proportion
                 to
                 the
                 Deficiency
                 or
                 Silver
                 Clipt
                 off
                 ;
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 Case
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 his
                 Power
                 before
                 he
                 brings
                 in
                 his
                 
                 Money
                 to
                 Clip
                 it
                 over
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 Reduce
                 it
                 so
                 low
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 deficient
                 Weight
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 good
                 at
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 )
                 might
                 be
                 Twice
                 ,
                 Thrice
                 ,
                 Four
                 times
                 ,
                 Five
                 times
                 ,
                 &c.
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 real
                 Silver
                 brought
                 in
                 by
                 him
                 would
                 amount
                 to
                 .
                 Whereas
                 by
                 this
                 Third
                 Rule
                 ,
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 far
                 -
                 Clipping
                 is
                 perfectly
                 obviated
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 Man
                 will
                 Clip
                 off
                 Silver
                 to
                 Sell
                 at
                 Six
                 Shillings
                 Five
                 Pence
                 an
                 Ounce
                 by
                 the
                 Market
                 Price
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 may
                 carry
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Change
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Receive
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 per
                 Ounce
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               RULE
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 WHereas
                 the
                 said
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 so
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 ,
                 do
                 retain
                 very
                 different
                 and
                 uncertain
                 Weights
                 and
                 Sizes
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 Clipt
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 that
                 a
                 Clipt
                 Crown
                 ,
                 holding
                 more
                 than
                 Twelve
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 and
                 Twelve
                 Grains
                 ,
                 
                 will
                 produce
                 more
                 than
                 Five
                 Shillings
                 in
                 New
                 Money
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 Changed
                 by
                 it self
                 at
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 ;
                 and
                 an
                 Half-Crown
                 holding
                 more
                 than
                 Six
                 Peny
                 Weight
                 and
                 Six
                 Grains
                 ,
                 will
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 Changed
                 by
                 it
                 felf
                 for
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 )
                 produce
                 more
                 than
                 Two
                 Shillings
                 and
                 an
                 Half
                 in
                 the
                 New
                 Money
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Shillings
                 and
                 Six-pences
                 not
                 Clipt
                 to
                 a
                 lower
                 Degree
                 in
                 Proportion
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 Considered
                 (
                 although
                 the
                 Government
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 )
                 that
                 Goldsmiths
                 and
                 other
                 Subtil
                 Dealers
                 in
                 Money
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 apt
                 (
                 if
                 an
                 effectual
                 Remedy
                 be
                 not
                 Provided
                 against
                 their
                 Artifices
                 )
                 to
                 Cull
                 out
                 the
                 Heaviest
                 of
                 their
                 Clipt
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 get
                 such
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 from
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 to
                 Change
                 them
                 at
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 Gain
                 for
                 them
                 more
                 New
                 Moneys
                 in
                 Tale
                 than
                 ever
                 they
                 Amounted
                 to
                 in
                 their
                 old
                 Denominations
                 .
                 
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 One
                 hundred
                 Pounds
                 by
                 Tale
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 holding
                 in
                 Weight
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Ounces
                 Troy
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 Changed
                 at
                 the
                 said
                 Rate
                 of
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 ,
                 will
                 produce
                 one
                 hundred
                 Pounds
                 in
                 Tale
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 New
                 Moneys
                 ;
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 Proposed
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 Person
                 who
                 brings
                 any
                 Clipt
                 or
                 Diminished
                 Moneys
                 to
                 be
                 Changed
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 obliged
                 to
                 mingle
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 lighter
                 Pieces
                 with
                 his
                 heavier
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 Draught
                 or
                 Weighing
                 of
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 said
                 Rate
                 of
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 fetch
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 New
                 Moneys
                 in
                 Tale
                 than
                 the
                 said
                 Clipt
                 Money
                 was
                 Coined
                 for
                 in
                 its
                 Old
                 Denominations
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 One
                 hundred
                 Pounds
                 by
                 Tale
                 of
                 such
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 mingled
                 with
                 heavier
                 and
                 lighter
                 Pieces
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 shall
                 not
                 exceed
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Ounces
                 in
                 Weight
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 
                 other
                 Sum
                 of
                 Clipt
                 Money
                 shall
                 be
                 restrained
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 proportion
                 :
                 This
                 will
                 effectually
                 prevent
                 the
                 said
                 trick
                 of
                 Culling
                 ,
                 and
                 create
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 Difficulty
                 in
                 Practice
                 ,
                 because
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 those
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 converted
                 to
                 the
                 Advantage
                 above-mentioned
                 are
                 few
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Sum
                 consisting
                 only
                 of
                 such
                 Weighty
                 Pieces
                 will
                 not
                 in
                 probability
                 ever
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Changers
                 by
                 any
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Crafty
                 or
                 Designing
                 Men.
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 device
                 your
                 Lordships
                 may
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 that
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 Weighing
                 every
                 individual
                 Piece
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 think
                 )
                 would
                 render
                 the
                 Work
                 endless
                 and
                 impossible
                 .
                 The
                 Changer
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Substitute
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 shall
                 have
                 carefully
                 Counted
                 and
                 Weighed
                 the
                 said
                 Clipt
                 Money
                 (
                 observing
                 the
                 Caution
                 aforesaid
                 )
                 shall
                 compute
                 the
                 Value
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 said
                 Rate
                 of
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 ,
                 and
                 enter
                 into
                 
                 a
                 Leger
                 Book
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 Month
                 and
                 Year
                 of
                 his
                 Receipt
                 thereof
                 ,
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 that
                 brings
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Sum
                 of
                 the
                 Clipt
                 Money
                 told
                 ,
                 the
                 exact
                 Weight
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 said
                 Value
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 New
                 Moneys
                 in
                 several
                 Columes
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 Value
                 a
                 Bill
                 or
                 Ticket
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 after-mentioned
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               RULE
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 THe
                 Changer
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Substitute
                 ,
                 shall
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 deliver
                 over
                 the
                 Clipt
                 or
                 Diminished
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 by
                 him
                 or
                 them
                 received
                 and
                 taken
                 in
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 proper
                 Officer
                 of
                 the
                 respective
                 Mint
                 for
                 that
                 District
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 Received
                 ,
                 in
                 Order
                 to
                 be
                 Re-Coined
                 ,
                 taking
                 Receipts
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Weight
                 and
                 Tale
                 of
                 every
                 Quantity
                 so
                 delivered
                 over
                 ;
                 which
                 Receipts
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Vouchers
                 
                 for
                 the
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Changer
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 Leger
                 ,
                 will
                 serve
                 to
                 Charge
                 the
                 Accounting
                 Officer
                 of
                 the
                 Mint
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               RULE
               VI.
               
            
             
               
                 THat
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 provided
                 for
                 every
                 Changer
                 a
                 Book
                 or
                 Books
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 every
                 Leaf
                 shall
                 be
                 divided
                 into
                 Two
                 Columes
                 by
                 a
                 Figure
                 or
                 Cypher
                 to
                 be
                 Printed
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 drawn
                 with
                 Lines
                 cutting
                 the
                 Cypher
                 at
                 Right
                 Angles
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Six
                 Pair
                 of
                 Bills
                 may
                 be
                 contained
                 in
                 every
                 Leaf
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 that
                 every
                 Counter-part
                 may
                 be
                 separated
                 from
                 its
                 Principal
                 Indent-wise
                 ,
                 by
                 cutting
                 through
                 the
                 Cypher
                 or
                 Flourish
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 Bills
                 shall
                 be
                 numbred
                 in
                 Pairs
                 Arithmetically
                 (
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 &c.
                 )
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 Printed
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 (
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 be
                 satisfied
                 )
                 and
                 other
                 Words
                 to
                 this
                 Effect
                 :
              
            
             
             
               No.
               1.
               
               Nottingham
               .
               
                 This
                 Bill
                 Intitles
                 the
                 Bearer
                 to
                 the
                 Sum
                 of
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 with
                 Interest
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Rate
                 of
                 Five
                 Pounds
              
               per
               Centum
               per
               Annum
               
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fond
                 Settled
                 by
                 Parliament
                 for
                 Satisfaction
                 of
                 the
                 Register
                 for
                 Clipt
                 or
                 Diminished
                 Money
                 kept
                 at
                 the
                 Place
                 aforesaid
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 And
                 the
                 said
                 Changer
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Substitute
                 ,
                 upon
                 Adjusting
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 Third
                 and
                 Fourth
                 Rules
                 aforesaid
                 )
                 the
                 Value
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 in
                 New
                 Money
                 for
                 any
                 Parcel
                 of
                 Clipt
                 or
                 Diminished
                 Moneys
                 brought
                 in
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 shall
                 deliver
                 to
                 the
                 Party
                 bringing
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 an
                 Indented
                 Note
                 (
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Extream
                 Colume
                 )
                 cut
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 said
                 Book
                 ,
                 and
                 Signed
                 by
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 said
                 Value
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 in
                 Course
                 as
                 is
                 hereafter
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 taking
                 Care
                 that
                 the
                 Sum
                 Expressed
                 in
                 the
                 Note
                 so
                 delivered
                 be
                 also
                 Written
                 in
                 Words
                 at
                 length
                 in
                 the
                 Counterpart
                 remaining
                 in
                 the
                 Book
                 ,
                 which
                 Book
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 will
                 not
                 only
                 
                 be
                 useful
                 and
                 ready
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 or
                 Countrey
                 to
                 Cheque
                 the
                 Principal
                 Bill
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 occasion
                 for
                 so
                 doing
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 also
                 well
                 serve
                 for
                 an
                 Exact
                 Register
                 (
                 without
                 making
                 any
                 other
                 )
                 to
                 Guide
                 and
                 Govern
                 the
                 Payment
                 of
                 the
                 Principal
                 in
                 the
                 due
                 Course
                 intended
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 just
                 Computation
                 and
                 Payment
                 of
                 the
                 Interest
                 upon
                 every
                 such
                 Bill
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               RULE
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 THat
                 no
                 such
                 Bill
                 shall
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 or
                 asked
                 for
                 any
                 Sum
                 less
                 then
                 Twenty
                 Shillings
                 in
                 Tale
                 of
                 the
                 New
                 Money
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 several
                 Pieces
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Change
                 for
                 any
                 Sum
                 or
                 Sums
                 smaller
                 then
                 Twenty
                 Shillings
                 ,
                 several
                 of
                 them
                 may
                 be
                 joyned
                 in
                 One
                 Bill
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 such
                 Name
                 as
                 the
                 Owners
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 shall
                 desire
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 cannot
                 agree
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Mayor
                 ,
                 Bailiff
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 or
                 
                 (
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 Magistrate
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Minister
                 of
                 the
                 Parish
                 ,
                 in
                 Trust
                 for
                 the
                 several
                 Owners
                 of
                 such
                 small
                 Sums
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               Seven
               Rules
               before
               going
               concern
               the
               Duty
               and
               Office
               of
               the
               Changer
               only
               .
            
             
               Fourteenthly
               ,
               That
               all
               the
               Silver
               which
               will
               arise
               from
               the
               said
               Clipt
               or
               Diminished
               Moneys
               ,
               or
               from
               the
               Plate
               of
               the
               Vintners
               and
               Victuallers
               ,
               or
               that
               shall
               be
               brought
               to
               be
               Coined
               by
               the
               Merchants
               ,
               or
               by
               any
               other
               means
               ,
               shall
               be
               Coined
               into
               Moneys
               ,
               according
               to
               these
               Propositions
               .
               In
               the
               doing
               whereof
               the
               Chief
               Officers
               of
               the
               Mint
               ,
               and
               all
               their
               Substitutes
               ,
               Officers
               and
               Servants
               shall
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               same
               ,
               or
               the
               like
               Constitutions
               and
               Orders
               touching
               Assaying
               ,
               Melting
               ,
               Refining
               ,
               Trying
               ,
               Charging
               ,
               Discharging
               ,
               or
               any
               Matters
               or
               Things
               relating
               to
               the
               Fabrication
               of
               these
               Moneys
               as
               are
               already
               Established
               for
               Moneys
               made
               at
               the
               Tower
               of
               London
               :
               And
               that
               the
               respective
               Substitutes
               shall
               be
               Accountable
               to
               their
               respective
               Superiours
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Superiour
               
               Officers
               shall
               be
               answerable
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               as
               now
               they
               are
               .
            
             
               Fifteenthly
               ,
               That
               the
               aforesaid
               Bills
               for
               the
               Values
               of
               the
               Clipt
               or
               Diminisht
               Moneys
               shall
               be
               payable
               to
               the
               respective
               Bearers
               ,
               who
               shall
               shew
               forth
               ,
               and
               bring
               in
               the
               same
               Bills
               ,
               whereby
               the
               Property
               thereof
               will
               be
               easily
               Transferrable
               without
               Writing
               ;
               and
               the
               Voluntary
               Acceptance
               thereof
               in
               payment
               shall
               be
               a
               good
               Discharge
               ,
               as
               if
               the
               Payment
               were
               made
               in
               Money
               .
               And
               the
               better
               to
               Encourage
               the
               Currancy
               of
               these
               Bills
               ,
               it
               is
               Proposed
               ,
               That
               they
               bear
               an
               Interest
               after
               the
               Rate
               of
               Five
               Pounds
               
                 per
                 Centum
                 per
                 Annum
              
               from
               the
               Date
               thereof
               (
               which
               will
               plainly
               appear
               not
               only
               in
               the
               Bill
               it self
               ,
               but
               in
               its
               Counter-part
               ,
               remaining
               in
               the
               Register
               Book
               )
               until
               its
               full
               Satisfaction
               .
               So
               that
               it
               cannot
               be
               doubted
               ,
               but
               these
               Bills
               being
               Charged
               upon
               so
               good
               a
               Fond
               ,
               in
               so
               near
               a
               Course
               ,
               and
               made
               Profitable
               by
               the
               Interest
               ,
               will
               be
               preferrable
               to
               the
               Bills
               of
               any
               Banks
               ,
               or
               Goldsmiths
               ,
               or
               private
               Persons
               whatsoever
               ,
               and
               serve
               as
               well
               (
               to
               all
               intents
               )
               as
               so
               much
               Cash
               ,
               whilst
               the
               Clipt
               Money
               is
               Converting
               into
               Sterling
               
               Money
               ;
               and
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               the
               Interest
               those
               that
               have
               the
               Clipt
               Moneys
               will
               bring
               them
               in
               the
               more
               speedily
               .
            
             
               Memorandum
               ,
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Bill
                 becomes
                 payable
                 in
                 Course
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 Owner
                 do
                 not
                 fetch
                 his
                 Money
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 reserved
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 Interest
                 must
                 cease
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               Sixteenthly
               ,
               That
               the
               time
               for
               taking
               in
               of
               the
               Clipt
               Moneys
               be
               limited
               to
               Six
               Months
               .
            
             
               Seventeenthly
               ,
               For
               Settling
               and
               Establishing
               an
               Ample
               and
               Sufficient
               Fond
               and
               Security
               for
               the
               Payment
               and
               Satisfaction
               of
               the
               Principal
               and
               Interest
               ,
               to
               be
               contained
               in
               the
               aforesaid
               Bills
               ,
               in
               such
               due
               Course
               and
               Order
               as
               that
               every
               Person
               who
               parts
               with
               his
               Clipt
               or
               Diminished
               Moneys
               ,
               may
               plainly
               see
               and
               be
               satisfied
               ,
               That
               he
               or
               his
               Assigns
               shall
               certainly
               receive
               the
               Value
               thereof
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Course
               of
               the
               Payments
               will
               Commence
               in
               a
               very
               little
               time
               ,
               and
               be
               continued
               without
               any
               Interruption
               till
               the
               whole
               be
               compleated
               (
               which
               will
               very
               much
               influence
               this
               whole
               Affair
               )
               It
               is
               humbly
               propos'd
               that
               it
               may
               be
               Enacted
               as
               follows
               ,
            
             
             
               2
               
               ly
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 shall
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 lawful
                 to
                 or
                 for
                 any
                 Person
                 or
                 Persons
                 ,
                 Bodies
                 Politick
                 or
                 Corporate
                 to
                 Advance
                 or
                 Lend
                 at
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 Unclipt
                 Moneys
                 as
                 will
                 be
                 Currant
                 by
                 this
                 Project
                 ,
                 
                 any
                 Sum
                 or
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 not
                 exceeding
                 ,
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Pounds
                 (
                 which
                 by
                 Estimation
                 will
                 make
                 good
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 loss
                 as
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 born
                 by
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 or
                 Publick
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 are
                 taken
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 said
                 assumed
                 Rate
                 of
                 Eight
                 Shillings
                 an
                 Ounce
                 )
                 and
                 such
                 Loans
                 will
                 consequently
                 be
                 accepted
                 in
                 Money
                 at
                 the
                 Raised
                 Value
                 abovementioned
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Interest
                 after
                 the
                 Rate
                 of
                 Seven
                 Pounds
                 
                   per
                   Centum
                   per
                   Annum
                
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 Charged
                 upon
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 Aid
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 Loans
                 at
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 have
                 usually
                 been
                 Charged
                 upon
                 other
                 Aids
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Weighty
                 Moneys
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 Lent
                 ,
                 be
                 also
                 Appropriated
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 made
                 Auxiliary
                 to
                 the
                 Paying
                 off
                 the
                 said
                 Bills
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Registers
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Applied
                 ,
                 Distributed
                 and
                 Transmitted
                 to
                 and
                 amongst
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lord
                 Treasurer
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 being
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 Proporitons
                 as
                 they
                 shall
                 find
                 to
                 agree
                 with
                 the
                 Sum
                 ,
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 Due
                 and
                 Owing
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 upon
                 those
                 Registers
                 respectively
                 .
              
            
             
             
               3
               
               dly
               ,
               
                 That
                 any
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Person
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 having
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 shall
                 have
                 any
                 Silver
                 Bullion
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 Foreign
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Plate
                 in
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 the
                 Silver
                 of
                 Counterfeit
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 kind
                 of
                 Bullion
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 shall
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Mints
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 it
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Election
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 Coined
                 into
                 New
                 Money
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 New
                 Foot
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 use
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 case
                 he
                 must
                 receive
                 his
                 Coin'd
                 Money
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Mint
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 declare
                 that
                 he
                 will
                 Lend
                 the
                 Value
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 as
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Sum
                 ,
                 not
                 exceeding
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Pounds
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 Case
                 last
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Mint
                 shall
                 Certifie
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 the
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Sterling
                 Silver
                 ,
                 or
                 Silver
                 reduced
                 to
                 Sterling
                 ,
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 so
                 delivered
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Value
                 thereof
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Rate
                 of
                 Six
                 Shillings
                 and
                 Five
                 Pence
                 Halfpeny
                 an
                 Ounce
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 upon
                 producing
                 these
                 Certificates
                 shall
                 give
                 to
                 the
                 Party
                 
                 Tallies
                 and
                 Orders
                 ,
                 Charged
                 upon
                 the
                 said
                 Aid
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Values
                 so
                 Certified
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 Lent
                 in
                 the
                 said
                 Currant
                 Money
                 at
                 the
                 Receipt
                 ,
                 in
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Sum
                 not
                 exceeding
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Interest
                 thereof
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 the
                 New
                 Moneys
                 which
                 shall
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Bullion
                 so
                 Lent
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 Appropriated
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Transmitted
                 ,
                 and
                 Distributed
                 to
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Registers
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 Moneys
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 lent
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 .
              
            
             
               4
               
               thly
               ,
               
                 In
                 Case
                 the
                 Silver
                 of
                 the
                 Clipt
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Loans
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 shall
                 not
                 suffice
                 to
                 clear
                 all
                 the
                 Registers
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Remainder
                 must
                 be
                 paid
                 by
                 the
                 Overplus
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Collected
                 for
                 the
                 Aid
                 it self
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 Default
                 thereof
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 likely
                 )
                 the
                 last
                 Deficiency
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 then
                 next
                 Moneys
                 to
                 be
                 Raised
                 by
                 Parliament
                 .
              
            
             
               Eighteenthly
               ,
               That
               the
               present
               Coinage
               Duty
               may
               be
               Applied
               towards
               the
               Charge
               of
               the
               said
               Mints
               in
               general
               .
            
             
               Nineteenthly
               ,
               That
               the
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Treasury
               ,
               or
               Lord
               Treasurer
               for
               
               the
               time
               being
               ,
               and
               such
               Person
               as
               the
               King
               shall
               Appoint
               to
               be
               the
               Under
               Treasurer
               ,
               or
               Supervisor
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               shall
               have
               the
               Oversight
               ,
               Rule
               ,
               Order
               and
               Government
               of
               this
               Affair
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Laws
               that
               shall
               be
               Enacted
               for
               the
               same
               ,
               and
               shall
               have
               power
               to
               Administer
               the
               Oaths
               ,
               and
               take
               sufficient
               Securities
               in
               the
               Kings
               Name
               ,
               from
               all
               the
               Officers
               belonging
               to
               the
               Change
               ,
               and
               such
               of
               the
               Officers
               of
               the
               Mint
               as
               ought
               to
               give
               Security
               ,
               and
               to
               require
               Weekly
               ,
               or
               other
               Accounts
               from
               the
               several
               Offices
               ,
               and
               particularly
               to
               cause
               the
               general
               Accounts
               of
               the
               said
               Changers
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Accompting
               Officers
               of
               the
               Mint
               ,
               to
               be
               Passed
               in
               the
               Exchequer
               ,
               in
               such
               due
               Form
               as
               they
               ought
               to
               be
               ,
               and
               to
               allow
               such
               Salaries
               ,
               and
               Incident
               Charges
               as
               shall
               be
               reasonable
               for
               the
               performance
               of
               this
               Service
               ,
               and
               also
               to
               allow
               the
               reasonable
               wast
               in
               the
               Coinage
               .
            
             
               Twentieth
               ,
               That
               all
               Persons
               Concerned
               may
               have
               free
               Access
               to
               the
               several
               Legers
               and
               Registers
               before-mentioned
               ;
               and
               no
               Fee
               or
               Charge
               shall
               be
               asked
               or
               taken
               of
               them
               ,
               for
               any
               Matter
               or
               Thing
               which
               is
               to
               be
               done
               by
               any
               Officer
               in
               Execution
               of
               this
               Project
               .
            
             
             
               Twentyfirst
               ,
               That
               at
               the
               First
               Session
               of
               Parliament
               after
               Michaelmas
               ,
               1696.
               the
               said
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Treasury
               ,
               or
               Lord
               Treasurer
               for
               the
               time
               being
               ,
               and
               the
               said
               Under-Treasurer
               or
               Supervisor
               General
               for
               this
               Affair
               ,
               shall
               deliver
               fairly
               Written
               to
               each
               of
               the
               Two
               Houses
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               a
               True
               and
               Exact
               Account
               of
               all
               the
               Clipt
               or
               Diminish'd
               Moneys
               which
               shall
               have
               been
               brought
               in
               to
               be
               Recoin'd
               ,
               by
               the
               Tale
               and
               Weight
               thereof
               ,
               appearing
               in
               the
               respective
               Offices
               of
               the
               Changers
               ;
               and
               of
               all
               the
               New
               Moneys
               which
               shall
               have
               been
               Coin'd
               in
               the
               said
               several
               Mints
               ,
               distinguishing
               those
               proceeding
               from
               the
               Silver
               of
               the
               Old
               Moneys
               from
               the
               Coins
               made
               of
               any
               other
               Bullion
               ,
               and
               shewing
               particularly
               the
               Plate
               of
               the
               Retailers
               of
               Wine
               ,
               Beer
               ,
               and
               other
               Liquors
               ,
               and
               the
               Quantities
               of
               Money
               made
               thereof
               ;
               also
               the
               Totals
               of
               the
               said
               Registers
               for
               the
               Values
               of
               the
               Clipt
               Money
               ,
               and
               the
               Discharging
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               and
               how
               much
               (
               if
               any
               part
               )
               shall
               then
               remain
               Unsatisfied
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               Account
               shall
               be
               Presented
               to
               His
               Majesty
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Fifth
             General
             Head
             Considers
             what
             must
             Supply
             the
             Commerce
             ,
             Pay
             Taxes
             ,
             &c.
             whilst
             the
             Clipt
             Money
             is
             under
             its
             New
             Fabrication
             .
          
           
             THis
             Question
             is
             to
             be
             Answered
             ,
             by
             Reminding
             your
             Lordships
             of
             several
             Particulars
             which
             have
             already
             occured
             in
             this
             Report
             ,
             with
             a
             small
             Addition
             ,
             as
             follows
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             The
             Weighty
             Money
             (
             both
             Mill'd
             and
             Hammer'd
             )
             now
             Hoarded
             ,
             will
             come
             forth
             at
             a
             Raised
             Value
             ,
             which
             (
             according
             to
             the
             above
             Estimation
             )
             may
             make
             One
             Million
             and
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             Pounds
             more
             or
             less
             ;
             besides
             the
             Guineas
             and
             Half
             Guineas
             ,
             which
             are
             but
             too
             numerous
             at
             their
             present
             Rate
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             The
             Bills
             for
             the
             Clipt
             Money
             will
             be
             so
             Profitable
             and
             Certain
             ,
             
             and
             have
             such
             a
             quick
             Course
             of
             Payment
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             serve
             as
             so
             much
             Running
             Cash
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             coming
             forth
             ,
             the
             Number
             of
             them
             will
             encrease
             from
             day
             to
             day
             ;
             that
             from
             First
             to
             Last
             ,
             they
             will
             by
             Estimation
             amount
             to
             above
             Three
             Millions
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             As
             those
             Bills
             are
             Paid
             off
             ,
             the
             New
             Moneys
             Coin'd
             ,
             with
             the
             Silver
             of
             the
             Clipt
             ,
             will
             come
             in
             their
             stead
             ,
             the
             Fabrication
             whereof
             will
             begin
             presently
             ,
             and
             the
             Work
             will
             be
             Carried
             on
             with
             as
             much
             Expedition
             as
             can
             be
             made
             by
             Ten
             Mints
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             Importers
             of
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             all
             others
             that
             have
             or
             can
             have
             any
             Foreign
             or
             English
             Silver
             (
             even
             the
             Silver
             of
             Counterfeit
             Moneys
             )
             in
             their
             Hands
             ,
             will
             have
             a
             visible
             Encouragement
             to
             carry
             the
             same
             forthwith
             to
             the
             Mint
             to
             be
             Coin'd
             .
          
           
             Fifthly
             ,
             It
             may
             be
             Enacted
             ,
             That
             all
             Persons
             that
             Sell
             Wine
             ,
             Strong-waters
             ,
             Bear
             ,
             Ale
             or
             other
             Liquors
             by
             Retail
             ,
             shall
             by
             a
             Prefixt
             Day
             ,
             bring
             their
             Tankards
             ,
             Cups
             ,
             Dishes
             and
             other
             Plate
             to
             some
             or
             one
             of
             the
             Mints
             ,
             to
             be
             Coin'd
             into
             New
             Money
             ,
             at
             the
             Rate
             of
             Six
             Shillings
             and
             
             Five
             Pence
             Half-peny
             an
             Ounce
             ,
             under
             Pain
             of
             Forfeiture
             thereof
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             New
             Money
             proceeding
             from
             the
             same
             shall
             be
             Delivered
             to
             them
             according
             to
             the
             present
             Course
             of
             the
             Mint
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             (
             my
             Lords
             )
             in
             this
             difficult
             Matter
             Considered
             and
             Digested
             as
             many
             things
             as
             were
             possible
             for
             me
             in
             so
             short
             a
             time
             ;
             and
             I
             cannot
             forbear
             (
             before
             I
             end
             )
             to
             Alledge
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             Coins
             are
             to
             be
             Amended
             and
             Established
             according
             to
             these
             Propositions
             (
             which
             may
             be
             Rectified
             and
             Improved
             by
             Men
             of
             greater
             Judgment
             and
             Skill
             )
             I
             cannot
             foresee
             that
             even
             whilst
             the
             Work
             is
             Carrying
             on
             ,
             there
             will
             Accrue
             such
             Publick
             Disorder
             ,
             Damage
             or
             Distress
             ,
             as
             the
             Nation
             Labours
             under
             before
             the
             Work
             is
             put
             in
             hand
             .
          
           
             
               All
               which
               is
               most
               humbly
               submitted
               to
               Your
               Lordships
               great
               Wisdom
               and
               Iudgment
               .
            
             
               WILLIAM
               LOWNDES
               .
            
             
               12
               Septemb.
               1695
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           In
           quodam
           libro
           vocato
           nigro
           scripto
           tempore
           Regis
           Henrici
           Secundi
           ,
           per
           
             Gervasium
             Tilburiensem
          
           ,
           de
           Necessariis
           Scaccarii
           ,
           remanente
           in
           Curia
           Receptae
           Scaccarii
           ,
           inter
           alia
           sic
           continetur
           .
        
         
           
             Cap.
             21.
             
             Officium
             Militis
             Argentarii
             &
             Fusoris
             .
          
           
             POrro
             Miles
             Argentarius
             ab
             inferiore
             Scaccario
             ad
             superius
             differt
             Loculum
             examinandi
             Argenti
             ,
             cujus
             supra
             meminimus
             ,
             quem
             cum
             intulerit
             Signatum
             Sigillo
             Vicecomitis
             ,
             sub
             omnium
             oculis
             effundit
             in
             Scaccario
             xxiiii
             .
             Solidos
             quos
             de
             Acervo
             Sumptos
             prius
             Signaverit
             ,
             factaque
             Commixtione
             eosdem
             ,
             ut
             ponderi
             respondeant
             ,
             mittit
             in
             unum
             Vasculum
             trutinae
             libram
             ponderis
             ,
             in
             alterum
             vero
             de
             Denariis
             quod
             Oportuit
             ,
             Quo
             facto
             ,
             numerat
             eosdem
             ut
             ex
             numero
             constare
             possit
             ,
             si
             legitimi
             ponderis
             sint
             ,
             cujuscunque
             vero
             
             ponderis
             inventi
             fuerint
             ,
             seorsum
             mittit
             in
             Ciffum
             libram
             unam
             ,
             hoc
             est
             xx
             .
             Solidos
             ,
             ex
             quibus
             examen
             fiat
             ,
             reliquos
             vero
             xxiiii
             .
             Solidos
             mittit
             in
             Loculum
             .
             Item
             duo
             Denarii
             praeter
             libram
             examinandam
             dantur
             Fusori
             ,
             non
             de
             Fisco
             ,
             sed
             de
             parte
             Vicecomitis
             ,
             quia
             in
             praemium
             sui
             laboris
             .
          
           
             Tunc
             eliguntur
             a
             Praesidente
             vel
             a
             Thesaurario
             ,
             si
             ille
             absens
             fuerit
             ,
             alii
             duo
             Vic.
             ut
             simul
             cum
             Argentario
             ,
             Necnon
             &
             Vicecomite
             ,
             cujus
             examen
             faciendum
             est
             ,
             procedant
             ad
             Ignem
             ,
             ubi
             Fusor
             ante
             praemonitus
             ,
             praeparatis
             Necessariis
             ,
             eorum
             praestolatur
             adventum
             .
             Ibi
             iterum
             praesente
             Fusore
             &
             hiis
             qui
             a
             Baronibus
             missi
             sunt
             ,
             diligenter
             computantur
             ,
             &
             Fusori
             traduntur
             .
             Quos
             ille
             Suspiciens
             manu
             propria
             numerat
             ,
             &
             sic
             disponit
             eos
             in
             Vasculum
             ignitorum
             Cinerum
             quod
             in
             Fornace
             est
             .
             Tunc
             igitur
             Artis
             Fusoriae
             lege
             servata
             ,
             redigit
             eos
             in
             Massam
             ,
             constans
             &
             emundans
             Argentum
             :
             Caeterum
             cavendum
             est
             ei
             ,
             ne
             citra
             perfectionem
             subsistat
             ,
             vel
             importunis
             aestuationibus
             vexet
             illud
             atque
             consumat
             .
             Illud
             propter
             Regis
             ,
             hoc
             propter
             Vicecomitis
             Iacturam
             ,
             set
             Modis
             omnibus
             provideat
             &
             quanta
             procuret
             industria
             ut
             non
             vexetur
             ,
             set
             ad
             purum
             tantum
             excoquatur
             ,
             
             hoc
             autem
             ipsum
             providere
             dicunt
             hii
             qui
             ad
             idem
             missi
             sunt
             a
             Majoribus
             .
             Facto
             igitur
             examine
             defert
             illud
             Argentarius
             ad
             Barones
             ,
             Comitantibus
             illis
             ,
             &
             tunc
             in
             omnium
             Oculis
             ponderat
             illud
             cum
             libra
             praedicta
             ponderis
             ,
             supplet
             autem
             mox
             quod
             ignis
             consumpsit
             ,
             appositis
             denariis
             ejusdem
             loculi
             ,
             donec
             aequilibriter
             se
             habeat
             examen
             cum
             pondere
             .
             Tunc
             inscribitur
             idem
             examen
             desuper
             ducta
             Creta
             hiis
             verbis
             ,
             Everwicscir
             ,
             libra
             arsit
             tot
             vel
             tot
             denarios
             ,
             &
             tunc
             illud
             Essaium
             dicitur
             .
             Non
             enim
             inscribitur
             nisi
             praeconcessio
             quod
             sic
             stare
             debeat
             .
             Quod
             si
             Vicecomes
             ,
             cujus
             est
             ,
             Calumpniatus
             fuerit
             ,
             illud
             quasi
             plus
             justo
             consumptum
             fuerit
             ignis
             scilicet
             exaestuatione
             vel
             plumbi
             infusione
             ,
             vel
             &
             Fusor
             ipse
             ,
             qualibet
             Occasione
             defecisse
             fateatur
             examen
             ,
             iterum
             numerentur
             xx
             .
             Solidos
             qui
             residui
             sunt
             in
             loculo
             praedicto
             ,
             coram
             Baronibus
             sicut
             demonstratum
             est
             ,
             &
             eadem
             ratione
             Servata
             ,
             fiat
             examen
             .
             Hinc
             igitur
             constare
             potest
             ,
             qua
             consideratione
             de
             acervo
             magno
             propositae
             pecuniae
             xliiii
             .
             Solidos
             seorsum
             ab
             initio
             mittantur
             in
             Loculum
             ,
             apposito
             Vicecomitis
             Sigillo
             .
             Notandum
             vero
             est
             ,
             quod
             Fusor
             duos
             percipit
             denarios
             pro
             Examine
             ,
             sicut
             diximus
             .
             Quod
             si
             quovis
             Casu
             aliud
             faceret
             ,
             
             &
             si
             tertio
             examinaverit
             ,
             non
             percipiet
             quicquam
             ,
             set
             contentus
             erit
             semel
             susceptis
             duobus
             .
          
           
             Discipulus
             .
             Miror
             a
             tantis
             tantam
             adhiberi
             diligentiam
             in
             unius
             librae
             examinatione
             ,
             cum
             nec
             magnus
             ex
             ea
             quaestus
             nec
             multa
             jactura
             proveniat
             .
          
           
             Magist.
             Non
             propter
             hanc
             tantum
             fiunt
             haec
             ,
             set
             propter
             omnes
             illas
             quae
             ab
             eodem
             Vicecomite
             sub
             eodem
             nomine
             firme
             simul
             cum
             hac
             persolvuntur
             .
             Quantam
             enim
             ab
             hac
             libra
             per
             ignem
             purgatorium
             decidit
             ,
             tantundem
             ex
             singulis
             aliis
             libris
             Noverit
             Vice-comes
             de
             summa
             sua
             substrahendum
             ,
             ut
             si
             centum
             libras
             numeratas
             solverit
             ,
             &
             libra
             examinis
             iii.
             denarii
             exciderint
             ,
             Non
             computentur
             ei
             nisi
             nonaginta
             quinque
             .
          
           
           
             A
             Computation
             of
             the
             Common
             Weight
             of
             a
             Hundred
             Pounds
             by
             Tale
             ,
             in
             Ordinary
             Silver
             Money
             at
             this
             Day
             ,
             taken
             from
             a
             Medium
             of
             the
             Bags
             ,
             Weighed
             at
             the
             Receipt
             of
             Exchequer
             ,
             in
             
               May
               ,
               June
            
             and
             July
             last
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           Memorandum
           ,
           The
           Weight
           of
           One
           hundred
           Pounds
           by
           Tale
           in
           Silver
           Moneys
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Standard
           of
           the
           Mint
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           Thirty
           two
           Pounds
           Three
           Ounces
           ,
           One
           Peny
           Weight
           and
           Twenty
           two
           Grains
           Troy.
           
        
         
           
             
               
                 No.
                 Bags
              
               
                 What
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 Weigh
                 .
              
               
                 Weight
                 at
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 .
              
               
                 Deficiency
                 .
              
            
             
               
                  
              
               
                 oz.
                 
              
               
                 dw
                 .
              
               
                 gr
                 .
              
               
                 oz.
                 
              
               
                 dw
                 .
              
               
                 gr
                 .
              
               
                 oz.
                 
              
               
                 dw
                 .
              
               
                 gr
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 40
              
               
                 15483
              
               
                 16
              
               
                 16
              
               
                 8095
              
               
                 5
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 7388
              
               
                 11
              
               
                 16
              
            
             
               
                 74
              
               
                 28645
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 20
              
               
                 14373
              
               
                 5
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 14271
              
               
                 16
              
               
                 2
              
            
             
               
                 133
              
               
                 51483
              
               
                 14
              
               
                 22
              
               
                 27318
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 24165
              
               
                 14
              
               
                 2
              
            
             
               
                 120
              
               
                 46451
              
               
                 10
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 23496
              
               
                 15
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 22954
              
               
                 15
              
               
                 0
              
            
             
               
                 105
              
               
                 40645
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 6
              
               
                 20899
              
               
                 15
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 19745
              
               
                 6
              
               
                 6
              
            
             
               
                 100
              
               
                 38709
              
               
                 11
              
               
                 16
              
               
                 19588
              
               
                 5
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 19121
              
               
                 6
              
               
                 16
              
            
             
               
                 572
              
               
                 221418
              
               
                 16
              
               
                 08
              
               
                 113771
              
               
                 05
              
               
                 0
              
               
                 107647
              
               
                 11
              
               
                 08
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
               
                  
              
               
                 oz.
                 
              
               
                 dw
                 .
              
               
                 gr
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Medium
                 of
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 each
                 Hundred
                 Pounds
                 —
              
               
                 198
              
               
                 18
              
               
                 00⅓
                 fere
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Medium
                 of
                 the
                 Deficiency
                 —
              
               
                 188
              
               
                 03
              
               
                 21⅔
              
            
             
               
                  
              
               
                 387
              
               
                 01
              
               
                 22
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THe
           Amendment
           of
           the
           Silver
           Coins
           ,
           being
           lookt
           upon
           as
           a
           Matter
           necessary
           to
           be
           Perform'd
           ,
           it
           is
           thought
           convenient
           that
           this
           Report
           should
           be
           Printed
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           any
           Persons
           who
           have
           Considered
           an
           Affair
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           may
           (
           if
           they
           please
           )
           Communicate
           their
           Thoughts
           ,
           for
           Rendring
           the
           Design
           here
           aim'd
           at
           more
           Perfect
           or
           Agreeable
           to
           the
           Publick
           Service
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A49333-e80
           
             *
             Vide
             Hales
             
               of
               Sheriffs
               Abcounts
               .
               p.
               5.
               
            
          
           
             18
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             1
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             23
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             34.
             
          
           
             36.
             
          
           
             37.
             
          
           
             1
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             3.
             
          
           
             4.
             
          
           
             5.
             
          
           
             6.
             
          
           
             6
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             1
             Mar.
             
          
           
             Phil.
             &
             Mar.
             
          
           
             2
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             Vide
             Cotton's
             
               Speech
               to
            
             Cha.
             1.
             
             Anno
             1626.
             
          
           
             19
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             25.
             
          
           
             26.
             
          
           
             35.
             
          
           
             43.
             
          
           
             Jac.
             1.
             
          
           
             3
             Jac.
             1.
             
          
           
             10.
             
          
           
             2
             Car.
             1.
             
          
           
             12
             Ca.
             2.
             
          
           
             22
             Ca.
             2.
             
          
           
             1
             Jac.
             2.
             
          
           
             1
             W.
             &
             M.
             
          
           
             28
             E.
             1.
             
          
           
             18
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             
               Eod.
               an
            
             .
          
           
             20
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             23.
             
          
           
             27.
             
          
           
             30
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             37.
             
          
           
             46.
             
          
           
             18
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             3
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             9
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             1
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             4
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             24.
             
          
           
             49.
             
          
           
             4
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             5.
             
          
           
             8
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             11.
             
          
           
             16.
             
          
           
             22.
             
          
           
             1
             R.
             3.
             
          
           
             9
             H.
             7.
             
          
           
             1
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             23
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             34
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             36.
             
          
           
             37
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             1
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             
               Eod.
               an
            
          
           
             
               Eod.
               an
            
             .
          
           
             2
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             
               Eod.
               an
            
             .
          
           
             
               Eod.
               an
            
             .
          
           
             3
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             4
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             5
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             6
             E.
             6.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             M.
             
          
           
             2
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             19
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             25
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             26.
             
          
           
             35.
             
          
           
             43.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Jac.
             1.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Jac.
             1.
             
          
           
             9.
             
          
           
             2
             Car.
             1.
             
          
           
             12
             C.
             2
             
          
           
             22.
             
          
           
             1
             Jac
             2
             
          
           
             1
             W
             &
             M.
             
          
           
             
          
           
             Memorandum
             ,
             Moneys
             Clipt
             or
             Unclipt
             ,
             are
             afterwards
             Described
             by
             certain
             Weights
             .
          
           
             *
             9
             F.
             3
             &
             17
             R.
             2
             .
             
               Prohibited
               Goldsmiths
               and
               others
               to
               Melt
               down
               small
               Coins
               ,
               under
               pain
               of
               forfeiture
               of
               the
               Molten
               Silver
               .
            
             14.
             
             Car.
             2
             .
             
               Prohibited
               the
               Melting
               any
               the
               Silver
               Moneys
               ,
               under
               pain
               of
               Forfeiting
               the
               Same
               ,
               and
               double
               the
               Value
               ;
               if
               by
               a
               Freeman
               ,
               he
               is
               to
               be
               Disfranchised
               ;
               and
               if
               not
               a
               Freeman
               ,
               he
               is
               to
               be
               Imprisoned
               Six
               Months
               .
            
             6
             &
             7
             W.
             &
             M
             
               makes
               the
               Conviction
               of
               Melters
               more
               Practicable
               ,
               and
               inflicts
               Six
               Months
               Imprisonment
               for
               the
               Offence
               .
            
          
           
             
               See
               the
               Annext
               Account
               for
               this
               .
            
          
        
      
    
  

