







 
   
     
       
         A Dialogue between a countrey gentleman and a merchant concerning the falling of guinea's wherein the whole agrument relating to our money is discuss'd.
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
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         A33407
         Wing C4637
         ESTC R35647
         15508946
         ocm 15508946
         103609
         
           
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             A Dialogue between a countrey gentleman and a merchant concerning the falling of guinea's wherein the whole agrument relating to our money is discuss'd.
             Clement, Simon.
          
           22 p.
           
             Printed by John Atwood for Samuel Crouch ...,
             London :
             1696.
          
           
             Attributed by Wing to Simon Clement.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Money -- England.
           Foreign exchange -- History -- 17th century.
           Gold standard -- History -- 17th century.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           DIALOGUE
           Between
           a
           
             Countrey
             Gentleman
          
           and
           a
           Merchant
           ,
           Concerning
           the
           Falling
           of
           GUINEA's
           :
           WHEREIN
           The
           whole
           Argument
           relating
           to
           our
           MONEY
           is
           Discuss'd
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             John
             Astwood
          
           for
           
             Samuel
             Crouch
          
           ,
           at
           the
           corner
           of
           Popes-head-Alley
           in
           Cornhill
           ,
           1696.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           DIALOGUE
           Between
           a
           Countrey
           Gentleman
           and
           a
           Merchant
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Merchant
             .
          
           
             SIR
             ,
             you
             are
             well
             met
             :
             Pray
             when
             came
             you
             to
             Town
             ?
             and
             what
             's
             the
             best
             News
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gentleman
             .
          
           
             I
             came
             to
             Town
             last
             Night
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             but
             for
             News
             I
             have
             none
             good
             :
             We
             are
             quite
             confounded
             ,
             and
             know
             not
             what
             to
             do
             either
             in
             receiving
             or
             paying
             of
             Guinea's
             ;
             and
             we
             think
             you
             Citizens
             are
             to
             blame
             for
             Petitioning
             the
             Parliament
             to
             have
             them
             brought
             down
             ,
             when
             if
             they
             were
             let
             alone
             they
             would
             pass
             more
             currently
             than
             any
             Money
             we
             have
             at
             30
             s.
             a
             piece
             ,
             and
             every
             one
             would
             be
             quiet
             and
             contented
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Ay
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             But
             we
             see
             further
             than
             you
             do
             in
             this
             Matter
             ,
             and
             therefore
             cannot
             be
             contented
             ,
             because
             we
             know
             we
             shall
             have
             no
             Silver
             left
             in
             a
             little
             while
             ,
             if
             Guinea's
             are
             kept
             up
             above
             the
             old
             Value
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             We
             have
             Silver
             little
             enough
             already
             ,
             tho'
             Gold
             be
             plentier
             than
             ever
             't
             was
             ,
             and
             d'
             ye
             think
             they
             won't
             carry
             that
             away
             too
             when
             we
             shall
             lower
             it
             ?
             What
             is
             it
             keeps
             it
             here
             now
             ,
             and
             brings
             us
             in
             more
             ,
             but
             our
             making
             it
             pass
             for
             more
             than
             't
             will
             in
             any
             other
             Countrey
             ?
             I
             think
             if
             we
             were
             wise
             ,
             we
             should
             raise
             our
             Silver
             also
             ,
             and
             so
             keep
             both
             at
             home
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Well
             Sir
             ,
             since
             that
             's
             your
             Opinion
             ,
             and
             it
             seems
             so
             plausible
             ,
             that
             I
             doubt
             a
             great
             many
             more
             lye
             under
             the
             same
             Mistake
             ,
             I
             'le
             try
             if
             I
             can
             bring
             you
             to
             a
             righter
             understanding
             of
             this
             matter
             ;
             in
             order
             whereto
             ,
             I
             'le
             first
             ask
             you
             ,
             What
             d'
             ye
             think
             our
             silver
             has
             been
             carried
             away
             for
             ?
             and
             for
             what
             will
             it
             continue
             to
             be
             sent
             away
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             We
             think
             it
             goes
             to
             pay
             the
             Army
             in
             Flanders
             ,
             and
             that
             more
             will
             goe
             ,
             'till
             we
             have
             none
             lest
             ,
             if
             some
             better
             care
             ben't
             taken
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Don't
             you
             see
             the
             Parliament
             finds
             it
             for
             our
             safety
             to
             maintain
             the
             War
             abroad
             ,
             and
             therefore
             do
             appropriate
             part
             of
             the
             Taxes
             every
             year
             for
             the
             payment
             of
             the
             Army
             ;
             and
             would
             you
             then
             have
             the
             King
             keep
             the
             Money
             at
             home
             in
             his
             Exchequer
             ,
             and
             let
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             that
             is
             abroad
             starve
             the
             while
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             God
             forbid
             ;
             I
             had
             much
             rather
             pay
             towards
             the
             maintaining
             an
             Army
             abroad
             ,
             than
             let
             the
             French
             come
             and
             plunder
             us
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             reduce
             us
             into
             French
             Slavery
             .
             Then
             we
             must
             be
             forc'd
             to
             pay
             what
             they
             will
             please
             to
             take
             ,
             and
             now
             no
             more
             can
             be
             taken
             from
             us
             than
             what
             we
             by
             our
             own
             consents
             in
             Parliament
             give
             .
             But
             why
             can't
             we
             send
             out
             Goods
             ,
             our
             own
             Manufactories
             ,
             to
             pay
             our
             Army
             ,
             and
             keep
             our
             Money
             at
             home
             ?
          
        
         
           
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             You
             may
             be
             assur'd
             that
             we
             do
             yearly
             send
             as
             much
             Goods
             as
             the
             Forreign
             Markets
             will
             take
             off
             ,
             but
             we
             can't
             force
             'em
             to
             buy
             more
             than
             their
             Occasions
             require
             :
             And
             as
             Matters
             stand
             now
             ,
             that
             is
             not
             enough
             to
             supply
             all
             we
             want
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             But
             I
             have
             heard
             that
             Money
             may
             be
             remitted
             by
             Bills
             of
             Exchange
             ,
             and
             so
             we
             need
             not
             send
             away
             our
             Silver
             and
             Gold
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             You
             must
             know
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             that
             Bills
             of
             Exchange
             will
             signifie
             nothing
             ,
             unless
             we
             put
             a
             value
             in
             the
             Persons
             Hands
             on
             whom
             we
             draw
             to
             pay
             them
             withall
             :
             Now
             as
             I
             told
             you
             before
             ,
             if
             all
             the
             Goods
             which
             our
             Neighbours
             can
             take
             off
             from
             us
             be
             not
             of
             Value
             sufficient
             to
             pay
             to
             pay
             all
             the
             Money
             we
             have
             occasion
             to
             use
             there
             ,
             if
             we
             draw
             Bills
             for
             above
             the
             Produce
             of
             our
             Goods
             ,
             we
             must
             send
             Silver
             or
             Gold
             to
             pay
             our
             Bills
             ,
             there
             being
             no
             other
             way
             to
             enable
             our
             Correspondents
             to
             do
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             Well
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             I
             am
             now
             satisfied
             that
             it
             is
             not
             possible
             for
             us
             to
             maintain
             our
             Army
             abroad
             ,
             without
             sending
             out
             some
             of
             our
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             so
             much
             as
             the
             Goods
             our
             Neighbours
             buy
             of
             us
             fall
             short
             of
             raising
             the
             Value
             we
             want
             in
             those
             Countries
             ;
             but
             I
             should
             have
             thought
             that
             this
             difference
             could
             not
             have
             been
             so
             great
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             required
             such
             large
             Quantities
             as
             they
             say
             have
             been
             sent
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Now
             you
             bring
             me
             to
             the
             matter
             ;
             and
             as
             I
             have
             been
             telling
             you
             ,
             that
             the
             Produce
             of
             our
             Trade
             abroad
             is
             not
             at
             this
             time
             sufficient
             to
             pay
             for
             all
             the
             Forreign
             Commodities
             which
             we
             bring
             home
             for
             our
             own
             Expence
             ,
             and
             maintain
             our
             Army
             also
             ,
             yet
             as
             you
             have
             well
             guess'd
             ,
             that
             Occasion
             would
             not
             have
             drein'd
             our
             Silver
             so
             fast
             ,
             but
             't
             is
             the
             
             vast
             Stock
             of
             Gold
             that
             hath
             been
             brought
             over
             ,
             hath
             robb'd
             us
             of
             great
             quantities
             of
             our
             Silver
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             Why
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             is
             it
             Matter
             of
             Complaint
             ,
             that
             we
             have
             plenty
             of
             Gold
             brought
             into
             the
             Kingdom
             ?
             are
             we
             not
             so
             much
             the
             richer
             for
             it
             ?
             how
             can
             that
             rob
             us
             of
             our
             Silver
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             We
             should
             indeed
             be
             the
             richer
             ,
             if
             we
             imported
             Gold
             as
             the
             Produce
             of
             our
             Trade
             ,
             and
             not
             at
             an
             Over-value
             ;
             but
             I
             see
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             your
             Understanding
             is
             not
             quite
             opened
             in
             this
             matter
             ;
             pray
             consider
             ,
             if
             we
             could
             not
             before
             pay
             our
             Army
             without
             sending
             out
             some
             silver
             ,
             do
             you
             think
             that
             Forreigners
             gave
             us
             their
             Gold
             for
             nothing
             ?
             or
             will
             you
             not
             rather
             believe
             our
             Silver
             went
             to
             pay
             sor't
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             I
             now
             see
             what
             you
             drive
             at
             ,
             't
             is
             to
             shew
             me
             that
             much
             of
             our
             Silver
             hath
             been
             sent
             abroad
             to
             buy
             Gold
             ;
             but
             I
             have
             been
             told
             that
             Forreigners
             sent
             their
             Gold
             hither
             to
             buy
             Goods
             ,
             and
             I
             know
             the
             Countrey
             had
             a
             brisk
             Trade
             all
             the
             last
             Summer
             in
             selling
             their
             Manufactories
             at
             extraordinary
             rates
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             The
             Matter
             doth
             indeed
             look
             so
             ,
             but
             it
             's
             all
             a
             Fallacy
             ,
             and
             I
             'll
             shew
             you
             plainly
             how
             this
             Business
             proceeded
             ;
             and
             there
             's
             too
             much
             reason
             to
             doubt
             that
             't
             was
             projected
             amongst
             our selves
             ,
             by
             some
             Persons
             who
             would
             let
             slip
             no
             opportunity
             of
             raising
             their
             own
             private
             Fortunes
             ,
             though
             it
             were
             to
             the
             ruine
             of
             the
             Publick
             ;
             for
             we
             saw
             plainly
             that
             the
             Guinea's
             were
             rais'd
             upon
             us
             the
             beginning
             of
             last
             Summer
             by
             artifice
             ,
             and
             't
             was
             at
             first
             given
             out
             that
             they
             would
             soon
             come
             to
             30
             s.
             the
             Pretence
             for
             it
             being
             the
             badness
             of
             our
             Money
             ;
             immediately
             upon
             this
             we
             had
             great
             store
             of
             Gold
             brought
             over
             in
             all
             the
             Men
             of
             War
             and
             Yatchts
             that
             came
             from
             
             Holland
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             Guineas
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             the
             Coins
             of
             
               Holland
               ,
               Germany
               ,
               Denmark
            
             ,
             and
             all
             those
             Adjacent
             Countries
             .
          
        
         
           These
           Traders
           in
           Gold
           then
           fell
           to
           buying
           up
           the
           Silver
           so
           fast
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           little
           time
           they
           run
           it
           up
           from
           5
           
             s.
             8
             d.
          
           to
           6
           
             s.
             9
             d.
          
           or
           7
           
             s.
             per
             Ounce
          
           ;
           and
           as
           that
           rose
           ,
           they
           struck
           in
           for
           all
           the
           Bills
           of
           Exchange
           they
           could
           find
           ,
           and
           those
           were
           presently
           brought
           to
           above
           25
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           loss
           to
           us
           .
           T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           the
           badness
           of
           our
           Money
           gave
           some
           reason
           for
           this
           :
           But
           't
           is
           observable
           ,
           that
           before
           these
           Guinea-Jobbers
           did
           by
           such
           means
           administer
           the
           occasion
           ,
           People
           did
           not
           begin
           to
           disesteem
           the
           Value
           of
           our
           Money
           ,
           but
           did
           as
           it
           were
           rely
           upon
           the
           Honour
           of
           the
           Government
           to
           make
           good
           the
           deficiency
           at
           sometime
           or
           other
           :
           Then
           they
           fell
           upon
           buying
           up
           our
           Manufactures
           ,
           or
           any
           thing
           else
           they
           could
           lay
           their
           Hands
           on
           ,
           for
           which
           they
           could
           put
           off
           their
           Guinea's
           amongst
           us
           ,
           and
           hope
           to
           sell
           it
           again
           in
           some
           Country
           or
           other
           for
           silver
           ,
           tho'
           it
           were
           at
           a
           lower
           price
           then
           it
           cost
           them
           .
           It
           's
           true
           ,
           that
           our
           People
           were
           not
           so
           silly
           as
           not
           to
           make
           an
           advance
           upon
           their
           Commodities
           ,
           when
           they
           saw
           such
           a
           Demand
           :
           Yet
           even
           that
           advance
           was
           less
           than
           the
           worth
           of
           their
           Goods
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           paid
           in
           Guinea's
           at
           30
           s.
           and
           you
           'll
           find
           at
           last
           that
           this
           was
           but
           a
           bad
           Trade
           for
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           when
           you
           come
           to
           consider
           that
           all
           the
           Bills
           or
           Silver
           these
           Gold-Traders
           sent
           over
           ,
           was
           what
           would
           otherwise
           have
           gone
           to
           supply
           the
           King's
           Occasions
           ,
           who
           must
           send
           so
           much
           silver
           the
           more
           in
           lieu
           thereof
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           great
           advance
           upon
           all
           Forreign
           Exchanges
           which
           was
           chiefly
           occasioned
           thereby
           ,
           was
           some
           hundreds
           of
           thousand
           Pounds
           loss
           to
           the
           Nation
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           
           the
           aforesaid
           occasion
           of
           paying
           our
           Army
           ,
           but
           also
           in
           the
           maintaining
           of
           our
           Fleet
           abroad
           ,
           and
           furnishing
           that
           at
           home
           with
           Naval
           Stores
           ,
           which
           must
           cost
           the
           dearer
           perhaps
           by
           one
           third
           part
           :
           That
           all
           these
           Goods
           of
           ours
           ,
           were
           not
           bought
           up
           to
           supply
           the
           demands
           of
           any
           Forreign
           Market
           ,
           but
           do
           yet
           lye
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           them
           on
           hand
           ,
           and
           you
           may
           now
           buy
           them
           cheaper
           in
           Holland
           than
           here
           ,
           so
           that
           we
           must
           not
           expect
           any
           great
           demand
           for
           our
           Manufactures
           'till
           this
           glut
           is
           gone
           off
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           I
           doubt
           the
           Nation
           must
           lose
           little
           less
           than
           a
           Million
           of
           Money
           by
           the
           fall
           of
           this
           dear
           bought
           Gold
           ,
           altho'
           those
           Persons
           that
           have
           taken
           care
           to
           put
           off
           their
           Gold
           in
           time
           ,
           may
           bear
           little
           of
           this
           Loss
           .
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             I
             now
             see
             plainly
             that
             our
             suffering
             so
             great
             a
             rise
             upon
             Guinea's
             ,
             hath
             been
             very
             prejudicial
             to
             us
             ;
             but
             now
             since
             they
             are
             up
             ,
             why
             can't
             we
             keep
             them
             up
             ,
             and
             save
             all
             that
             loss
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             To
             answer
             you
             to
             that
             ,
             you
             must
             consider
             ,
             that
             whatever
             People
             may
             form
             in
             their
             Imaginations
             ,
             there
             is
             as
             it
             were
             a
             Standard
             for
             the
             Value
             of
             Gold
             ,
             which
             is
             pretty
             nearly
             assented
             to
             by
             most
             of
             the
             People
             of
             Europe
             ;
             and
             the
             highest
             proportion
             it
             bears
             to
             Silver
             is
             as
             one
             to
             sixteen
             ;
             and
             our
             Guinea
             at
             21
             
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             is
             the
             Extent
             of
             that
             :
             Now
             then
             if
             we
             should
             continue
             to
             value
             our
             Gold
             above
             this
             Proportion
             ,
             our
             New
             Money
             would
             infallibly
             be
             sent
             away
             as
             fast
             as
             it
             comes
             out
             of
             the
             Mint
             to
             buy
             more
             Gold
             ,
             where
             it
             can
             be
             done
             to
             profit
             :
             And
             I
             can
             assure
             you
             ,
             that
             at
             this
             time
             somewhat
             less
             than
             sour
             of
             our
             New
             Crowns
             ,
             and
             two
             Shillings
             ,
             will
             buy
             a
             Guinea
             in
             Holland
             ;
             and
             is
             it
             not
             plain
             then
             that
             these
             People
             will
             continue
             
             this
             Trade
             as
             long
             as
             they
             can
             get
             profit
             by
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             when
             Gold
             is
             reduced
             to
             its
             true
             value
             ,
             their
             Trade
             must
             cease
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             But
             if
             we
             rais'd
             our
             Silver
             in
             proportion
             to
             the
             Gold
             ,
             they
             could
             not
             then
             make
             Profit
             in
             sending
             it
             abroad
             to
             buy
             Gold.
             
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             That
             's
             true
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             but
             we
             should
             by
             that
             means
             run
             the
             Nation
             into
             as
             great
             ,
             nay
             ,
             greater
             Mischiefs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             How
             can
             that
             be
             ?
             for
             if
             we
             are
             content
             to
             take
             it
             so
             amongst
             our selves
             ,
             and
             could
             buy
             the
             same
             quantity
             of
             Provisions
             or
             Cloathing
             as
             we
             do
             now
             for
             30
             s.
             when
             five
             Crowns
             were
             made
             to
             pass
             for
             30
             s.
             where
             's
             the
             harm
             on
             't
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             If
             it
             were
             to
             be
             imagined
             ,
             that
             we
             could
             be
             entirely
             separated
             from
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             should
             have
             nothing
             to
             do
             with
             other
             Countries
             ,
             it
             might
             do
             well
             enough
             ;
             but
             as
             we
             are
             People
             as
             largely
             concerned
             in
             Trade
             and
             Commerce
             as
             almost
             any
             other
             ,
             we
             must
             have
             regard
             to
             other
             Nations
             in
             this
             Matter
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             Why
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             I
             am
             told
             that
             the
             price
             of
             Silver
             is
             risen
             amongst
             all
             our
             Neighbour
             Countries
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             How
             d'
             ye
             mean
             risen
             ,
             Sir
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             That
             our
             Crown
             is
             really
             worth
             6
             s.
             or
             more
             ,
             of
             their
             Money
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Which
             is
             downright
             Non-sence
             ;
             You
             'll
             pardon
             me
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             I
             intend
             no
             reflection
             upon
             you
             but
             upon
             the
             absurdity
             of
             the
             Notion
             ,
             and
             the
             Broachers
             of
             it
             ,
             being
             sorry
             to
             see
             how
             much
             it
             hath
             obtain'd
             upon
             many
             honest
             Gentlemen
             ,
             who
             are
             not
             acquainted
             with
             Forreign
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             I
             will
             convince
             you
             of
             the
             inconsistency
             of
             it
             ,
             by
             undeniable
             arguments
             .
             You
             must
             know
             then
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             
             such
             thing
             as
             six
             pounds
             ,
             six
             shillings
             ,
             or
             six-pence
             ,
             (
             understanding
             the
             same
             value
             by
             it
             as
             we
             do
             )
             in
             any
             part
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             but
             under
             the
             English
             Monarchy
             .
             The
             French
             make
             their
             computation
             by
             Livres
             ,
             Sols
             and
             Deniers
             ,
             the
             Dutch
             by
             Guilders
             ,
             Stivers
             and
             Groots
             ;
             in
             like
             manner
             all
             other
             Governments
             have
             Denominations
             ,
             or
             Valuations
             for
             their
             Money
             ,
             peculiar
             to
             themselves
             :
             Now
             these
             are
             only
             as
             Forreign
             Languages
             ,
             not
             understood
             but
             by
             such
             as
             are
             conversant
             in
             them
             ;
             but
             People
             that
             are
             concern'd
             in
             Forreign
             Trade
             soon
             come
             to
             understand
             this
             Money
             Language
             ,
             and
             are
             able
             as
             it
             were
             to
             translate
             it
             into
             the
             Language
             of
             their
             own
             Countrey
             ;
             so
             that
             if
             one
             English
             Man
             would
             ask
             another
             that
             is
             a
             Trader
             ,
             what
             a
             French
             Crown
             was
             wont
             to
             pass
             at
             in
             France
             ?
             he
             would
             be
             apt
             to
             answer
             him
             according
             to
             his
             Understanding
             in
             English
             ,
             that
             it
             pass'd
             for
             4
             
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             because
             the
             silver
             in
             such
             a
             piece
             is
             worth
             nearest
             that
             Value
             in
             our
             Coin
             ,
             yet
             the
             most
             proper
             answer
             would
             be
             ,
             that
             it
             passes
             for
             three
             Livers
             ,
             or
             sixty
             Sols
             ,
             but
             then
             that
             would
             have
             been
             all
             Forreign
             Language
             ,
             and
             unintelligible
             to
             him
             :
             In
             like
             manner
             an
             Inhabitant
             of
             France
             would
             be
             as
             much
             puzled
             ,
             if
             you
             should
             tell
             him
             that
             an
             English
             Crown
             passes
             for
             5
             s.
             but
             if
             you
             tell
             him
             't
             is
             worth
             3
             Livers
             and
             6
             Sols
             ,
             he
             understands
             you
             presently
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             after
             this
             manner
             that
             the
             Mistake
             of
             calling
             the
             Coins
             of
             one
             Country
             after
             the
             Denomination
             of
             another
             is
             introduc'd
             .
             But
             now
             you
             'll
             readily
             agree
             with
             me
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             French
             King
             should
             raise
             the
             Denomination
             of
             his
             Crown
             ,
             and
             cause
             it
             to
             pass
             among
             his
             own
             People
             for
             4
             Livers
             ,
             we
             should
             still
             esteem
             it
             worth
             no
             more
             than
             4
             
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             as
             we
             did
             before
             ,
             because
             it
             had
             nothing
             added
             to
             its
             former
             weight
             
             of
             Silver
             ;
             so
             that
             in
             reality
             the
             true
             value
             of
             Money
             is
             only
             to
             be
             reckoned
             by
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             that
             it
             bears
             ,
             and
             t
             is
             altogether
             needless
             for
             us
             to
             trouble
             our
             Heads
             with
             the
             nice
             distinction
             of
             extrinsic
             ,
             intrinsic
             ,
             and
             real
             Value
             ,
             for
             it
             must
             all
             be
             resolv'd
             into
             this
             one
             Proposition
             of
             Weight
             ,
             every
             Man's
             or
             Nation
             's
             Riches
             being
             truly
             to
             be
             measured
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             more
             or
             less
             weight
             of
             Silver
             which
             they
             possess
             :
             And
             that
             I
             may
             give
             you
             an
             infallible
             Demonstration
             that
             silver
             is
             only
             a
             standard
             to
             its
             self
             ,
             and
             as
             such
             ,
             is
             not
             capable
             of
             being
             rais'd
             or
             lower'd
             with
             respect
             to
             Forreigners
             :
             If
             you
             should
             carry
             an
             ounce
             of
             fine
             silver
             into
             Holland
             ,
             in
             expectation
             of
             Profit
             ,
             do
             you
             think
             that
             a
             Dutch-man
             would
             give
             you
             an
             ounce
             of
             his
             fine
             silver
             ,
             and
             a
             penny
             weight
             more
             ,
             for
             your
             encouragement
             to
             come
             again
             :
             You
             may
             certainly
             resolve
             your self
             that
             no
             Nation
             is
             so
             foolish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             This
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             seems
             so
             reasonable
             ,
             that
             I
             know
             not
             how
             to
             argue
             against
             it
             ,
             but
             yet
             we
             find
             it
             otherwise
             in
             fact
             amongst
             our selves
             ;
             for
             your self
             told
             me
             just
             now
             ,
             that
             silver
             had
             been
             risen
             from
             5
             
               s.
               8
               d.
            
             to
             6
             
               s.
               9
               d.
            
             and
             7
             
               s.
               per
               Ounce
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             You
             'll
             please
             to
             note
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             that
             I
             had
             the
             Caution
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             it
             could
             not
             rise
             (
             in
             that
             sence
             )
             with
             respect
             to
             Forreigners
             ;
             and
             yet
             I
             'll
             make
             it
             as
             plain
             to
             you
             ,
             that
             (
             excepting
             a
             small
             matter
             )
             silver
             is
             not
             really
             capable
             of
             rising
             and
             falling
             amongst
             our selves
             ;
             for
             this
             seeming
             and
             nominal
             Advance
             upon
             it
             was
             indeed
             no
             advance
             at
             all
             ,
             for
             you
             must
             note
             ,
             that
             he
             that
             bought
             silver
             at
             7
             
               s.
               per
               Ounce
            
             ,
             was
             to
             pay
             for
             't
             either
             in
             Guinea's
             at
             30
             s.
             (
             and
             in
             that
             sort
             of
             Payment
             his
             Ounce
             of
             silver
             was
             indeed
             worth
             about
             7
             
               s.
               3
               d.
            
             )
             or
             in
             the
             clipt
             and
             counterfeit
             
             Money
             ,
             of
             which
             perhaps
             the
             true
             value
             of
             what
             was
             call'd
             7
             s.
             might
             not
             be
             4
             s.
             but
             you
             may
             assure
             your self
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             these
             Buyers
             of
             silver
             would
             give
             a
             new
             mill'd
             Crown
             and
             a
             6
             d.
             for
             an
             ounce
             of
             silver
             ,
             because
             they
             know
             how
             to
             throw
             them
             into
             the
             melting
             Pot
             ,
             and
             bring
             out
             above
             the
             weight
             of
             an
             ounce
             ;
             and
             this
             Rule
             is
             so
             certain
             ,
             that
             it
             can
             never
             vary
             more
             than
             such
             a
             Value
             ,
             as
             People
             will
             be
             content
             to
             give
             for
             silver
             when
             they
             have
             occasion
             to
             transport
             it
             ,
             rather
             than
             incur
             the
             danger
             of
             the
             Law
             by
             melting
             down
             ,
             or
             transporting
             the
             currant
             Coin
             ;
             and
             that
             difference
             (
             when
             our
             currant
             Money
             was
             good
             )
             hath
             rarely
             been
             known
             to
             be
             more
             than
             3
             d.
             or
             4
             
               d.
               per
               Ounce
            
             :
             If
             you
             should
             yet
             have
             the
             least
             scruple
             ,
             pray
             try
             whether
             you
             can
             by
             any
             sort
             of
             reasoning
             perswade
             your self
             ,
             that
             an
             Ounce
             of
             ●nncoyn'd
             Silver
             can
             have
             more
             real
             Value
             in
             it
             than
             an
             Ounce
             of
             Silver
             of
             the
             same
             fineness
             coyn'd
             into
             Money
             ,
             as
             a
             late
             Ingenious
             Author
             hath
             well
             observed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             Sir
             ,
             I
             thank
             you
             ,
             you
             have
             effectually
             convinc'd
             me
             in
             this
             poinr
             ,
             the
             Matter
             is
             self
             evident
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Yet
             before
             I
             have
             quite
             done
             with
             this
             Argument
             ,
             I
             would
             shew
             you
             in
             what
             sense
             Silver
             may
             be
             said
             to
             rise
             in
             its
             esteem
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             only
             when
             any
             Countrey
             may
             be
             brought
             to
             such
             a
             want
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             they
             must
             be
             content
             to
             part
             with
             their
             Product
             or
             Manufactures
             for
             a
             less
             weight
             of
             it
             than
             formerly
             ,
             which
             if
             Riches
             is
             to
             be
             reckon'd
             from
             the
             plenty
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             is
             an
             infallible
             sign
             that
             such
             a
             Countrey
             is
             declin'd
             in
             its
             Riches
             ,
             and
             growing
             poor
             .
             But
             this
             is
             not
             the
             case
             of
             our
             Neighbours
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             with
             whom
             
             some
             People
             would
             have
             us
             think
             that
             silver
             is
             grown
             dearer
             ;
             for
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             we
             rather
             give
             more
             weight
             of
             silver
             for
             their
             Commodities
             than
             formerly
             .
             And
             this
             leads
             me
             on
             to
             shew
             you
             how
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             be
             once
             reduc'd
             to
             a
             necessity
             of
             raising
             the
             denomination
             of
             our
             Coin
             ,
             it
             might
             be
             truly
             said
             of
             us
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             not
             only
             grown
             poorer
             ,
             but
             should
             be
             in
             a
             manner
             put
             out
             a
             of
             condition
             to
             recover
             riches
             again
             ;
             for
             however
             indifferent
             it
             might
             seem
             to
             Countrey
             Gentlemen
             to
             submit
             to
             the
             raising
             of
             our
             Crown
             to
             pass
             for
             6
             s.
             because
             that
             6
             s.
             might
             buy
             as
             much
             Provision
             or
             Cloathing
             as
             it
             would
             when
             the
             Money
             was
             at
             the
             old
             weight
             ,
             and
             therefore
             seems
             to
             be
             no
             inconvenience
             ,
             if
             we
             were
             content
             amongst
             our selves
             ;
             yet
             the
             matter
             will
             appear
             to
             be
             far
             otherwise
             ,
             when
             we
             come
             to
             consider
             our selves
             as
             a
             Trading
             Nation
             ,
             and
             that
             National
             Riches
             are
             no
             otherwise
             to
             be
             acquired
             but
             by
             our
             Commerce
             with
             Forreigners
             ;
             and
             to
             shew
             you
             after
             what
             manner
             this
             advance
             of
             our
             Money
             would
             affect
             us
             in
             that
             respect
             ,
             I
             will
             suppose
             that
             a
             Forreigner
             brings
             hither
             20
             Ounces
             of
             Silver
             ,
             which
             (
             to
             avoid
             Fractions
             )
             I
             will
             call
             20
             Crowns
             ,
             or
             five
             Pounds
             ,
             and
             with
             this
             he
             buys
             10
             yards
             of
             our
             Cloth
             :
             The
             next
             year
             he
             returns
             again
             with
             the
             like
             quantity
             of
             Silver
             ,
             and
             finds
             that
             we
             have
             alter'd
             the
             Denomination
             of
             our
             Money
             ,
             and
             will
             allow
             him
             6
             l.
             for
             his
             20
             Ounces
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             can
             then
             have
             12
             Yards
             of
             the
             same
             sort
             of
             Cloth
             for
             the
             same
             weight
             of
             Silver
             ,
             which
             the
             Year
             before
             bought
             him
             but
             10
             Yards
             :
             Is
             it
             not
             plain
             that
             we
             hereby
             give
             away
             ,
             or
             lose
             two
             Yards
             of
             Cloth
             in
             ten
             ?
             Or
             to
             put
             it
             the
             other
             way
             ,
             will
             not
             this
             lessen
             the
             whole
             produce
             of
             our
             Nation
             with
             respect
             to
             Forreigners
             
             full
             one
             fifth
             part
             ?
             altho'
             we
             must
             pay
             as
             much
             Silver
             for
             all
             that
             we
             buy
             of
             them
             as
             we
             now
             do
             .
             An
             unhappy
             Device
             :
             And
             sure
             all
             Men
             that
             love
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             when
             they
             shall
             come
             thus
             to
             understand
             it
             ,
             will
             oppose
             such
             a
             Design
             with
             all
             their
             power
             .
             But
             I
             would
             have
             you
             consider
             its
             Consequences
             a
             little
             further
             ;
             as
             we
             compute
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Estates
             by
             Money
             ,
             the
             Man
             that
             hath
             an
             Estate
             in
             Land
             ,
             which
             would
             now
             sell
             for
             1200
             l.
             which
             I
             'll
             compute
             at
             4800
             Ounces
             of
             silver
             ,
             if
             he
             should
             come
             to
             sell
             it
             after
             the
             Money
             should
             be
             so
             advanc'd
             ,
             will
             the
             Money
             he
             should
             receive
             then
             ,
             altho'
             they
             call
             it
             1200
             l.
             weigh
             above
             4000
             Ounces
             ?
             he
             that
             hath
             600
             l.
             or
             2400
             
               Ounces
               per
               Ann.
            
             in
             Leas'd
             Rents
             ,
             will
             this
             New
             Money
             bring
             to
             his
             Coffers
             more
             than
             2000
             Ounces
             ?
             and
             though
             he
             hath
             600
             l.
             in
             Name
             ,
             hath
             he
             not
             certainly
             lost
             a
             100
             l.
             in
             value
             ?
             Is
             not
             this
             a
             plain
             robbing
             the
             Landed-man
             of
             one
             fifth
             part
             of
             his
             Estate
             or
             Substance
             ?
             In
             like
             manner
             ,
             if
             a
             Man
             hath
             lent
             120
             l.
             or
             480
             Ounces
             at
             Interest
             ,
             should
             he
             receive
             any
             more
             than
             400
             Ounces
             of
             Silver
             for
             his
             120
             l.
             and
             would
             he
             not
             utterly
             lose
             the
             80
             Ounces
             ?
             A
             Man
             that
             by
             his
             good
             Husbandry
             us'd
             to
             lay
             up
             60
             l.
             or
             240
             Ounces
             of
             Silver
             yearly
             ,
             towards
             the
             encreasing
             of
             his
             Estate
             ,
             or
             raising
             Portions
             for
             his
             Children
             ,
             must
             he
             not
             lose
             the
             6
             th
             .
             part
             of
             his
             Industry
             ,
             when
             he
             shall
             come
             to
             have
             but
             200
             Ounces
             ,
             that
             is
             40
             Ounces
             of
             silver
             less
             than
             his
             old
             60
             l.
             would
             have
             yielded
             him
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             would
             it
             not
             be
             a
             lowering
             the
             whole
             value
             of
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Nation
             in
             that
             proportion
             ,
             for
             no
             other
             end
             but
             to
             advantage
             those
             Men
             as
             much
             who
             had
             large
             hoards
             of
             Money
             by
             them
             ?
             But
             I
             should
             not
             omit
             to
             shew
             how
             it
             will
             touch
             the
             Publick
             :
             If
             the
             
             King
             hath
             now
             occasion
             to
             use
             two
             Millions
             yearly
             abroad
             for
             the
             payment
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             the
             Fleet
             in
             the
             Streights
             ,
             and
             providing
             Naval
             Stores
             ,
             &c.
             when
             the
             Money
             should
             be
             thus
             rais'd
             ,
             and
             would
             weigh
             one
             sixth
             part
             less
             ,
             will
             Forreigners
             think
             you
             abate
             him
             one
             Ounce
             of
             the
             Old
             Weight
             of
             what
             he
             shall
             send
             in
             Silver
             ?
             And
             will
             not
             the
             Merchant
             that
             furnishes
             him
             with
             Bills
             have
             as
             much
             more
             Money
             in
             Tale
             as
             will
             make
             good
             the
             old
             weight
             ,
             because
             he
             must
             pay
             by
             that
             weight
             abroad
             ?
             And
             is
             it
             not
             then
             plain
             ,
             that
             this
             part
             of
             the
             King's
             Money
             will
             fall
             short
             by
             one
             third
             part
             of
             a
             Million
             ?
             and
             must
             not
             this
             naturally
             heighten
             the
             next
             Years
             Tax
             ?
             Thus
             then
             it
             must
             affect
             us
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             I
             think
             I
             need
             use
             no
             more
             words
             to
             shew
             you
             that
             Forreigners
             do
             not
             at
             all
             regard
             the
             raising
             the
             Denominations
             of
             the
             Coyn
             of
             their
             Neighbours
             ,
             and
             will
             never
             esteem
             it
             otherwise
             than
             by
             its
             weight
             ;
             for
             which
             reason
             't
             is
             a
             great
             Folly
             to
             think
             ,
             if
             (
             as
             is
             beforesaid
             )
             we
             shall
             continue
             to
             have
             occasion
             to
             use
             more
             Money
             in
             Forreign
             Countreys
             than
             we
             can
             put
             there
             by
             the
             produce
             of
             our
             Trade
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             avoid
             sending
             so
             much
             Silver
             or
             Gold
             as
             will
             make
             up
             the
             Ballance
             in
             its
             Value
             by
             weight
             ,
             although
             we
             should
             double
             or
             trebble
             the
             Denomination
             of
             our
             Coyn
             amongst
             our selves
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             But
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             as
             you
             have
             grounded
             the
             main
             of
             the
             Argument
             upon
             a
             supposition
             that
             our
             Goods
             would
             continue
             to
             be
             bought
             for
             the
             same
             number
             of
             Pounds
             ,
             Shillings
             and
             Pence
             ,
             as
             before
             the
             raising
             of
             the
             Money
             ;
             suppose
             we
             raise
             our
             Commodities
             proportionably
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             Stranger
             pay
             12
             s.
             for
             a
             Yard
             of
             the
             same
             Cloath
             he
             bought
             before
             for
             10
             s.
             shall
             we
             not
             then
             keep
             up
             our
             Markets
             
             abroad
             ,
             and
             bring
             home
             as
             much
             Silver
             for
             our
             Manufactures
             as
             before
             ?
             and
             would
             not
             all
             things
             run
             as
             smooth
             at
             home
             ,
             when
             we
             sold
             every
             thing
             from
             one
             to
             another
             as
             much
             higher
             in
             Price
             as
             the
             difference
             of
             the
             Money
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             What
             good
             would
             it
             then
             do
             us
             to
             raise
             the
             Denomination
             of
             our
             Money
             ,
             if
             we
             must
             then
             give
             just
             so
             much
             more
             for
             every
             thing
             we
             buy
             ?
             is
             not
             this
             puzling
             our selves
             to
             no
             purpose
             ,
             if
             it
             should
             have
             no
             worse
             effect
             ?
             But
             I
             thought
             I
             had
             shewn
             you
             clearly
             ,
             that
             all
             our
             Debts
             ,
             the
             Rents
             arising
             from
             Lands
             leass'd
             out
             ,
             the
             King's
             Revenue
             ,
             &c.
             would
             then
             be
             paid
             in
             so
             much
             a
             less
             proportion
             of
             Silver
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             King
             ,
             Creditors
             and
             Land-holders
             will
             be
             in
             a
             fine
             Condition
             ,
             when
             they
             must
             receive
             all
             that
             is
             due
             to
             them
             in
             a
             lesser
             Value
             ,
             and
             yet
             pay
             the
             old
             value
             for
             all
             they
             buy
             ;
             would
             not
             this
             be
             plainly
             the
             doing
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Injustice
             and
             Injury
             to
             a
             great
             many
             ,
             and
             doing
             real
             good
             to
             none
             ?
             But
             yet
             I
             'll
             tell
             you
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             't
             is
             my
             Opinion
             that
             it
             would
             be
             more
             likely
             that
             our
             Product
             and
             Manufactures
             would
             by
             degrees
             fall
             to
             the
             old
             Denominations
             of
             Price
             ,
             for
             that
             I
             have
             observ'd
             it
             to
             have
             had
             that
             consequence
             in
             other
             Nations
             ,
             where
             this
             Trick
             of
             raising
             their
             Money
             hath
             been
             practis'd
             ;
             and
             shall
             we
             not
             then
             infallibly
             fall
             under
             the
             Mischief
             of
             Beggering
             our selves
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             formerly
             shewn
             you
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             I
             must
             confess
             this
             raising
             our
             Money
             doth
             seem
             to
             be
             attended
             with
             many
             inconveniencies
             ,
             with
             respect
             to
             our selves
             ,
             but
             I
             have
             been
             told
             the
             Nation
             is
             greatly
             in
             debt
             to
             Forreigners
             ,
             who
             would
             be
             apt
             to
             carry
             away
             our
             New
             Money
             ,
             as
             fast
             as
             coin'd
             ,
             to
             pay
             themselves
             ,
             should
             we
             not
             by
             this
             means
             prevent
             
             them
             ,
             and
             by
             paying
             our
             Debts
             with
             less
             Money
             save
             so
             much
             to
             the
             Nation
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             If
             we
             are
             in
             debt
             to
             Forreigners
             ,
             we
             are
             doubtless
             obliged
             to
             them
             for
             the
             Credit
             they
             have
             given
             us
             ,
             and
             ought
             we
             not
             in
             prudence
             as
             well
             as
             Justice
             to
             be
             tender
             in
             preserving
             that
             Credit
             ,
             least
             if
             we
             should
             ever
             hereafter
             have
             the
             like
             Occasion
             ,
             we
             should
             find
             no
             Nation
             that
             would
             trust
             us
             .
             Doubtless
             it
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             greatest
             Care
             of
             Governments
             to
             prevent
             as
             much
             as
             possible
             the
             running
             into
             Debt
             ,
             but
             if
             such
             Debts
             are
             once
             contracted
             ,
             it
             highly
             concerns
             them
             that
             they
             be
             discharg'd
             punctually
             ,
             justly
             and
             honourably
             ,
             otherwise
             they
             loose
             their
             Reputation
             with
             all
             the
             World
             ,
             as
             a
             great
             Nation
             that
             might
             be
             named
             hath
             too
             apparently
             done
             .
             'T
             is
             not
             to
             be
             doubted
             that
             some
             Forreigners
             have
             been
             large
             Contributors
             towards
             the
             great
             Summs
             that
             have
             been
             paid
             into
             our
             Exchequer
             upon
             the
             
               Million
               Adventure
            
             ,
             the
             Lives
             ,
             and
             other
             Funds
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             Money
             was
             paid
             in
             fair
             and
             true
             value
             ,
             before
             the
             Cheat
             of
             Guinea's
             ,
             and
             the
             advancing
             the
             Exchanges
             :
             Neither
             can
             these
             People
             withdraw
             this
             Money
             ,
             as
             is
             suggested
             ,
             for
             they
             can
             only
             receive
             the
             Interest
             accrewing
             by
             it
             ,
             as
             it
             comes
             in
             gradually
             .
             Can
             any
             Man
             then
             that
             hath
             the
             least
             regard
             to
             Justice
             and
             Honour
             entertain
             so
             base
             a
             thought
             as
             to
             perswade
             the
             breaking
             through
             the
             Sanction
             of
             our
             Acts
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             the
             falsifying
             our
             Contracts
             ,
             that
             we
             might
             pay
             these
             People
             in
             Money
             of
             a
             less
             Value
             than
             they
             really
             brought
             us
             ?
             I
             must
             indeed
             confess
             that
             our
             Nation
             hath
             been
             greatly
             abus'd
             by
             the
             bringing
             in
             Gold
             ,
             and
             the
             Extravagance
             of
             the
             Exchanges
             this
             last
             Summer
             ,
             but
             I
             am
             much
             of
             the
             Opinion
             
             that
             those
             Traders
             kept
             turning
             the
             Penny
             ,
             and
             continually
             sent
             Effects
             for
             the
             carrying
             on
             the
             Trade
             :
             So
             that
             I
             hope
             though
             it
             cost
             us
             dear
             ,
             yet
             that
             we
             cannot
             remain
             much
             in
             debt
             for
             that
             .
             And
             to
             speak
             my
             Mind
             ,
             I
             believe
             ,
             if
             the
             Truth
             were
             known
             ,
             that
             Trade
             was
             chiefly
             managed
             for
             the
             account
             of
             Natives
             of
             our
             own
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             Forreigners
             that
             live
             amongst
             us
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             the
             other
             side
             of
             the
             Water
             .
             And
             though
             I
             will
             not
             argue
             against
             our
             taking
             Satisfaction
             of
             the
             Persons
             that
             have
             injured
             us
             ,
             yet
             I
             think
             we
             were
             better
             let
             them
             alone
             'till
             we
             can
             find
             them
             out
             ,
             than
             seek
             such
             a
             general
             Revenge
             that
             may
             fall
             least
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             do
             more
             hurt
             to
             those
             kind
             Neighbours
             that
             have
             done
             us
             good
             by
             trusting
             us
             with
             their
             Estates
             ,
             and
             most
             of
             all
             to
             our selves
             ,
             by
             plunging
             us
             into
             those
             fatal
             Mischiefs
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             before
             noted
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             Sir
             ,
             I
             must
             acknowledge
             ,
             that
             you
             have
             very
             much
             opened
             my
             Understanding
             in
             these
             things
             ,
             and
             I
             am
             now
             fully
             convinc'd
             ,
             that
             't
             would
             be
             ruinous
             to
             us
             to
             raise
             our
             silver
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             to
             hold
             up
             Guinea's
             higher
             than
             21
             
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             if
             that
             be
             ,
             as
             you
             say
             ,
             about
             the
             proportion
             that
             other
             Countries
             keep
             between
             them
             .
             But
             pray
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             is
             there
             then
             no
             way
             for
             us
             to
             keep
             our
             Army
             abroad
             ,
             and
             avoid
             the
             sending
             out
             of
             our
             Silver
             or
             Gold
             to
             maintain
             them
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             If
             we
             could
             furnish
             our
             Army
             with
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Provisions
             they
             need
             abroad
             ,
             protect
             our
             Forreign
             Trade
             ,
             lessen
             our
             Expence
             of
             Forreign
             Commodities
             ,
             (
             which
             I
             would
             earnestly
             recommend
             to
             all
             Gentlemen
             to
             reform
             as
             much
             as
             possible
             in
             their
             own
             Families
             )
             and
             manage
             all
             our
             Affairs
             with
             such
             good
             Husbandry
             ,
             as
             to
             bring
             all
             our
             Forreign
             Charge
             within
             the
             compass
             of
             the
             Value
             which
             we
             
             can
             put
             into
             Forreign
             Countries
             by
             the
             exportation
             of
             our
             Merchandizes
             ,
             we
             might
             do
             it
             ,
             otherwise
             't
             is
             impossible
             .
             For
             the
             whole
             Matter
             of
             bringing
             silver
             into
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             or
             carrying
             it
             out
             ,
             may
             be
             resolv'd
             by
             this
             easie
             thought
             ,
             if
             we
             live
             within
             the
             Bounds
             of
             our
             Exports
             ,
             we
             cannot
             send
             out
             our
             Money
             unless
             we
             will
             give
             it
             away
             for
             nothing
             ;
             but
             if
             we
             spend
             more
             than
             we
             export
             in
             Goods
             ,
             we
             must
             send
             out
             our
             silver
             as
             long
             as
             we
             have
             any
             ,
             because
             Forreigners
             will
             not
             furnish
             us
             with
             what
             we
             want
             longer
             than
             we
             pay
             them
             to
             the
             full
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             But
             now
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             since
             the
             Guinea's
             are
             so
             largely
             dispers'd
             into
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Common
             People
             thro'
             the
             Nation
             ,
             will
             it
             not
             be
             very
             hard
             upon
             them
             to
             bear
             so
             great
             a
             loss
             ?
             and
             may
             it
             not
             be
             reasonable
             for
             the
             Parliament
             to
             give
             a
             recompense
             for
             this
             loss
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             I
             would
             have
             all
             the
             Tenderness
             possible
             for
             the
             People
             ,
             but
             if
             they
             will
             foolishly
             run
             themselves
             into
             a
             loss
             that
             they
             had
             warning
             to
             have
             avoided
             ,
             seeing
             the
             King's
             Receivers
             did
             all
             along
             refuse
             to
             take
             them
             at
             the
             advance
             ,
             they
             are
             the
             less
             to
             be
             pitied
             ;
             and
             't
             was
             their
             easie
             giving
             way
             to
             it
             that
             made
             it
             possible
             for
             the
             ill
             Men
             that
             contriv'd
             it
             to
             put
             this
             abuse
             upon
             the
             Nation
             ;
             whereas
             if
             all
             had
             been
             of
             my
             Opinion
             ,
             (
             not
             to
             distinguish
             my self
             from
             many
             others
             who
             were
             always
             of
             the
             same
             Mind
             )
             they
             would
             never
             have
             made
             them
             pass
             currant
             for
             23
             s.
             for
             't
             was
             long
             before
             I
             would
             take
             any
             ,
             and
             never
             after
             but
             when
             I
             knew
             where
             to
             put
             them
             away
             again
             presently
             .
             I
             could
             wish
             indeed
             that
             the
             Persons
             who
             invented
             and
             promoted
             this
             Trade
             could
             be
             found
             out
             ,
             and
             made
             to
             repair
             the
             loss
             so
             far
             as
             they
             were
             able
             ;
             and
             it
             being
             said
             the
             Parliament
             are
             passing
             an
             Act
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             will
             appoint
             
             Commissioners
             to
             be
             named
             through
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             who
             shall
             take
             in
             all
             the
             clipt
             and
             silver
             Money
             ,
             though
             of
             a
             baser
             allay
             ,
             (
             which
             hath
             not
             been
             paid
             into
             the
             King
             for
             Taxes
             )
             and
             give
             the
             People
             broad
             or
             new
             Money
             in
             Exchange
             for
             it
             ,
             I
             think
             every
             one
             is
             much
             to
             blame
             who
             will
             not
             rather
             choose
             to
             take
             what
             is
             due
             to
             him
             in
             any
             sort
             of
             silver
             Money
             ,
             by
             which
             he
             cannot
             lose
             ,
             than
             in
             Guinea's
             at
             the
             present
             rates
             ,
             because
             he
             may
             well
             expect
             to
             lose
             whatsoever
             he
             takes
             them
             at
             above
             21
             
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             And
             upon
             these
             Considerations
             there
             may
             be
             good
             reason
             to
             believe
             that
             the
             Parliament
             will
             not
             at
             this
             time
             lay
             an
             Additional
             Tax
             upon
             the
             Nation
             to
             make
             good
             the
             deficiency
             of
             Guinea's
             ,
             which
             the
             People
             that
             have
             them
             have
             brought
             upon
             themselves
             ,
             when
             they
             find
             so
             much
             difficulty
             to
             raise
             Money
             enough
             to
             supply
             the
             unavoidable
             necessity
             of
             the
             Government
             .
             And
             I
             must
             farther
             give
             you
             my
             Opinion
             ,
             that
             I
             think
             the
             People
             in
             whose
             hands
             they
             now
             are
             ,
             may
             best
             bear
             the
             loss
             :
             For
             as
             to
             the
             meaner
             sort
             of
             People
             ,
             their
             stock
             seldom
             reaches
             so
             high
             as
             to
             be
             Possessors
             of
             Guinea's
             ;
             the
             middle
             sort
             of
             People
             ,
             such
             as
             Farmers
             or
             Tradesmen
             ,
             have
             commonly
             as
             much
             occasion
             to
             pay
             as
             receive
             ,
             and
             therefore
             it
             must
             be
             a
             fault
             in
             them
             if
             they
             have
             many
             upon
             their
             hands
             ,
             and
             what
             loss
             may
             befall
             them
             they
             may
             the
             more
             contentedly
             bear
             ,
             because
             't
             is
             not
             to
             be
             doubted
             but
             that
             ,
             (
             generally
             speaking
             )
             they
             have
             gotten
             more
             by
             the
             raising
             the
             prices
             of
             their
             Goods
             in
             consideration
             of
             such
             pay
             .
             The
             greatest
             Quantities
             then
             I
             should
             think
             to
             be
             now
             in
             the
             Hands
             either
             of
             such
             who
             have
             kept
             them
             out
             of
             a
             Covetous
             Design
             of
             gaining
             by
             them
             ,
             through
             a
             send
             imagination
             that
             they
             would
             rise
             to
             35
             s.
             or
             
             more
             ,
             by
             the
             scarcity
             of
             the
             Silver
             Money
             ,
             whilst
             it
             was
             passing
             through
             the
             Mint
             ;
             or
             of
             such
             who
             have
             been
             the
             Traders
             in
             them
             ,
             neither
             of
             which
             deserve
             Consideration
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             But
             pray
             Sir
             ,
             have
             we
             not
             indeed
             reason
             to
             fear
             that
             we
             shall
             not
             have
             Money
             to
             answer
             our
             Necessary
             Payments
             whilst
             the
             silver
             is
             in
             coyning
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             Truly
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             I
             can
             have
             no
             such
             fearful
             apprehensions
             of
             it
             ,
             for
             there
             's
             nothing
             to
             hinder
             any
             Man
             from
             keeping
             the
             possession
             of
             his
             own
             proper
             Cash
             ,
             till
             he
             can
             change
             it
             for
             better
             ,
             and
             therefore
             all
             People
             that
             have
             now
             Money
             enough
             to
             serve
             their
             Occasions
             ,
             will
             have
             no
             need
             to
             want
             ;
             the
             Bills
             and
             the
             Guinea's
             (
             which
             will
             circulate
             quicker
             than
             before
             ,
             when
             the
             shall
             pass
             at
             21
             
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             and
             no
             body
             fear
             to
             lose
             by
             them
             )
             will
             continue
             ,
             as
             they
             have
             for
             some
             Months
             past
             ,
             to
             supply
             us
             in
             the
             larger
             Payments
             ;
             and
             for
             Market-money
             Labourers
             Wages
             ,
             &c.
             a
             small
             Quantity
             will
             serve
             that
             occasion
             ,
             it
             being
             always
             in
             Motion
             ;
             so
             that
             there
             's
             not
             the
             least
             reason
             to
             doubt
             but
             that
             enough
             of
             the
             present
             Money
             will
             be
             kept
             for
             that
             use
             ,
             'till
             better
             comes
             out
             to
             change
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gent.
             
          
           
             I
             heartily
             thank
             you
             for
             the
             great
             satisfaction
             you
             have
             given
             me
             in
             these
             difficult
             matters
             ,
             and
             shall
             not
             presume
             to
             detain
             you
             with
             further
             Questions
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merch.
             
          
           
             I
             shall
             be
             very
             glad
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             if
             I
             have
             been
             able
             to
             make
             you
             so
             far
             Master
             of
             the
             Argument
             ,
             as
             that
             you
             can
             convince
             your
             Neighbours
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             a
             Necessity
             for
             the
             falling
             of
             Guinea's
             ,
             if
             we
             ever
             desire
             to
             see
             the
             New
             Money
             plenty
             amongst
             us
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             were
             better
             contentedly
             to
             submit
             to
             the
             
             loss
             which
             will
             befall
             them
             when
             they
             have
             but
             ten
             ,
             than
             to
             be
             subject
             to
             the
             greater
             loss
             which
             they
             must
             bear
             ,
             if
             through
             the
             importation
             of
             greater
             quantities
             they
             should
             come
             to
             be
             Possessors
             of
             fifteen
             ;
             as
             also
             ,
             that
             the
             raising
             the
             denomination
             of
             our
             Money
             must
             have
             a
             direct
             tendency
             to
             begger
             the
             Nation
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Some
           Books
           lately
           Printed
           for
           Samuel
           Crouch
           .
        
         
           AN
           Essay
           on
           the
           State
           of
           England
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           its
           Trade
           ,
           its
           Poor
           ,
           and
           its
           Taxes
           ,
           for
           carrying
           on
           the
           War
           against
           France
           .
           By
           
             John
             Cary
          
           ,
           Merchant
           in
           Bristol
           .
        
         
           A
           Letter
           from
           an
           English
           Merchant
           at
           Amsterdam
           ,
           to
           his
           Friend
           at
           London
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Trade
           and
           Coin
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           Sir
           Thomas
           Row's
           Speech
           at
           the
           Council-Table
           ,
           about
           the
           Alteration
           of
           the
           Coin
           ,
           in
           July
           1640.
           
           With
           some
           Observations
           thereon
           .
        
         
           Some
           Thoughts
           concerning
           the
           better
           Security
           of
           our
           Trade
           and
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           carrying
           on
           the
           War
           against
           France
           more
           effectually
           :
           Humbly
           offered
           to
           Consideration
           .
        
         
           Some
           Remarks
           on
           a
           Report
           containining
           an
           Essay
           for
           the
           Amendment
           of
           the
           Silver
           Coins
           .
           By
           Mr.
           
             William
             Lownds
          
           .
        
         
           Considerations
           ,
           requiring
           greater
           care
           for
           Trade
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           some
           Expedients
           proposed
           .
        
         
           A
           New
           Discourse
           of
           Trade
           ,
           wherein
           is
           recommended
           several
           Weighty
           Points
           relating
           to
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           the
           Act
           of
           Navigation
           ,
           Naturalization
           of
           Strangers
           ,
           and
           our
           Woolen
           Manufactures
           ,
           the
           Balance
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           the
           Nature
           of
           Plantations
           ,
           and
           their
           Consequences
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           are
           seriously
           discussed
           .
           And
           some
           Proposals
           for
           Erecting
           a
           Court
           of
           Merchants
           for
           determining
           Controversies
           relating
           to
           Maritine
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           Law
           for
           Transferring
           of
           Bills
           of
           Debt
           are
           humbly
           offered
           .
           The
           Second
           Edition
           .
           By
           Sir
           
             Josiah
             Child
          
           .
        
      
    
  

