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         Denton, Daniel.
      
       
         
           1670
        
      
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             A brief description of New-York, formerly called New-Netherlands with the places thereunto adjoyning : together with the manner of its scituation, fertility of the soyle, healthfulness of the climate, and the commodities thence produced : also some directions and advice to such as shall go thither ... : likewise a brief relation of the customs of the Indians there / by Daniel Denton.
             Denton, Daniel.
          
           [4], 21 p.
           
             Printed for John Hancock ... and William Bradley ...,
             London :
             1670.
          
           
             For an account of all known copies of this work see "Daniel Denton's Brief description of New York ... a bibliographical essay by Felix Neumann." Reprinted from the Publishers' weekly, May 24, June 14, 1902, v. 61.
             Advertisement on p. 21.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Indians of North America -- New York (State)
           New York (State) -- Description and travel.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           Brief
           Description
           OF
           NEW-YORK
           :
           Formerly
           Called
           New-Netherlands
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Places
           thereunto
           Adjoyning
           .
        
         
           Together
           with
           the
           Manner
           of
           its
           Scituation
           ,
           Fertility
           of
           the
           Soyle
           ,
           Healthfulness
           of
           the
           Climate
           ,
           and
           the
           Commodities
           thence
           produced
           .
        
         
           ALSO
           Some
           Directions
           and
           Advice
           to
           such
           as
           shall
           go
           thither
           :
           An
           Account
           of
           what
           Commodities
           they
           shall
           take
           with
           them
           ;
           The
           Profit
           and
           Pleasure
           that
           may
           accrew
           to
           them
           thereby
           .
        
         
           LIKEWISE
           A
           Brief
           RELATION
           of
           the
           Customs
           of
           the
           Indians
           there
           .
        
         
           By
           DANIEL
           DENTON
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             John
             Hancock
          
           ,
           at
           the
           first
           Shop
           in
           Popes-Head-Alley
           in
           Cornhil
           at
           the
           three
           Bibles
           ,
           and
           
             William
             Bradley
          
           at
           the
           three
           Bibles
           in
           the
           Minories
           .
           1670.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           Reader
           .
        
         
           
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Have
           here
           thorough
           the
           Instigation
           of
           divers
           Persons
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           elsewhere
           ,
           presented
           you
           wi●h
           a
           Brief
           but
           true
           Relation
           of
           a
           known
           unknown
           part
           of
           America
           .
           The
           known
           part
           which
           is
           either
           inhabited
           ,
           or
           lieth
           near
           the
           Sea
           ,
           I
           have
           described
           to
           you
           ,
           and
           have
           writ
           nothing
           ,
           but
           what
           I
           have
           been
           an
           eye-witness
           to
           all
           or
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           it
           :
           Neither
           can
           I
           safely
           say
           ,
           was
           I
           willing
           to
           exceed
           ,
           but
           was
           rather
           willing
           the
           place
           it self
           should
           exceed
           my
           Commendation
           ,
           which
           I
           question
           not
           but
           will
           be
           owned
           by
           those
           that
           shall
           travel
           
           thither
           :
           For
           the
           unknown
           part
           ,
           which
           is
           either
           some
           places
           lying
           to
           the
           Northward
           yet
           undiscovered
           by
           any
           English
           ,
           or
           the
           Bowels
           of
           the
           earth
           not
           yet
           opened
           ,
           though
           the
           Natives
           tell
           us
           of
           Glittering
           Stones
           ,
           Diamonds
           ,
           or
           Pearl
           in
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           the
           Dutch
           hath
           boasted
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           in
           the
           other
           ;
           yet
           I
           shall
           not
           feed
           your
           expectation
           with
           any
           thing
           of
           that
           nature
           ;
           but
           leave
           it
           till
           a
           better
           discovery
           shall
           make
           way
           for
           such
           a
           Relation
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           accept
           of
           this
           from
           him
           who
           desireth
           to
           deal
           impartially
           with
           every
           one
           ,
        
         
           
             DANIEL
             DENTON
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           Brief
           Relation
           OF
           NEW-YORK
           ,
           With
           the
           Places
           thereunto
           Adjoyning
           ,
           formerly
           called
           THE
           NEW
           NETHERLANDS
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           THat
           Tract
           of
           Land
           formerly
           called
           
             The
             New
             Netherlands
          
           ,
           doth
           Contain
           all
           that
           Land
           which
           lieth
           in
           the
           North-parts
           of
           America
           ,
           betwixt
           New-England
           and
           Mary-Land
           in
           Virginia
           ,
           the
           length
           of
           which
           Northward
           into
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           as
           it
           hath
           not
           been
           fully
           discovered
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           not
           certainly
           known
           The
           bredth
           of
           it
           is
           about
           two
           hundred
           miles
           :
           The
           principal
           Rivers
           within
           this
           Tract
           ,
           are
           Hudsons
           River
           ,
           
           Raritan-River
           ,
           and
           
           Delewerhay-River
           .
           The
           chief
           Islands
           are
           the
           
           Manahatans-Island
           ,
           
           Long-Island
           ,
           and
           
           Staten-Island
           .
        
         
         
           And
           first
           to
           begin
           with
           the
           Manahatans
           Island
           ,
           so
           called
           by
           the
           Indians
           ,
           it
           lieth
           within
           land
           betwixt
           the
           degrees
           of
           41.
           and
           42.
           of
           North-latitude
           ,
           and
           is
           about
           14
           miles
           long
           ,
           and
           two
           broad
           .
           It
           is
           bounded
           with
           
           Long-Island
           on
           the
           South
           ,
           with
           
           Staten-Island
           on
           the
           West
           ,
           on
           the
           North
           with
           the
           Main
           Land
           :
           And
           with
           Conecticut
           Colony
           on
           the
           East-side
           of
           it
           ;
           only
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Main
           Land
           belonging
           to
           New-York
           Colony
           ,
           where
           several
           Towns
           and
           Villages
           are
           setled
           ,
           being
           about
           thirty
           miles
           in
           bredth
           ,
           doth
           intercept
           the
           Manahatans
           Island
           ,
           and
           the
           Colony
           of
           Conecticut
           before
           mentioned
           .
        
         
           New-York
           is
           setled
           upon
           the
           West-end
           of
           the
           aforesaid
           Island
           ,
           having
           that
           small
           arm
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           which
           divides
           it
           from
           
           Long-Island
           on
           the
           South-side
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           runs
           away
           Eastward
           to
           New-England
           ,
           and
           is
           Navigable
           ,
           though
           dangerous
           .
           For
           about
           ten
           miles
           from
           New-York
           is
           a
           place
           called
           Hell-Gate
           ,
           which
           being
           a
           narrow
           passage
           ,
           there
           runneth
           a
           violent
           stream
           both
           upon
           flood
           and
           ebb
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           middle
           lieth
           some
           Islands
           of
           Rocks
           ,
           which
           the
           Current
           sets
           so
           violently
           upon
           ,
           that
           it
           threatens
           present
           shipwrack
           ;
           and
           upon
           the
           Flood
           is
           a
           large
           Whirlpool
           ,
           which
           continually
           sends
           forth
           a
           hideous
           roaring
           ,
           enough
           to
           affright
           any
           stranger
           from
           passing
           further
           ,
           and
           to
           wait
           for
           some
           Charon
           to
           conduct
           him
           thorough
           ;
           yet
           to
           those
           that
           are
           well
           acquainted
           little
           or
           no
           danger
           ;
           yet
           a
           place
           of
           great
           defence
           aga●nst
           any
           enemy
           coming
           in
           that
           way
           ,
           which
           a
           small
           Fortification
           would
           absolutely
           prevent
           ,
           and
           necessitate
           them
           to
           come
           in
           at
           the
           West
           end
           of
           
           Long-Island
           by
           
             Sandy
             Hook
          
           where
           
           Nutten-Island
           doth
           force
           them
           within
           Command
           of
           the
           Fort
           at
           
             New
             York
          
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Pieces
           of
           Defence
           in
           the
           North-parts
           of
           America
           .
        
         
         
           
             New
             York
          
           is
           built
           most
           of
           Brick
           and
           Stone
           ,
           and
           covered
           with
           red
           and
           black
           Tile
           ,
           and
           the
           Land
           being
           high
           ,
           it
           gives
           at
           a
           distance
           a
           pleasing
           Aspect
           to
           the
           spectators
           .
           The
           Inhabitants
           consist
           most
           of
           English
           and
           Dutch
           ,
           and
           have
           a
           considerable
           Trade
           with
           the
           Indians
           ,
           for
           
             Bevers
             ,
             Otter
             ,
             Raccoon
          
           skins
           ,
           with
           other
           Furrs
           ;
           As
           also
           for
           
             Bear
             ,
             Deer
          
           ,
           and
           Elke
           skins
           ;
           and
           are
           supplied
           with
           Venison
           and
           Fowl
           in
           the
           Winter
           ,
           and
           Fish
           in
           the
           Summer
           by
           the
           Indians
           ,
           which
           they
           buy
           at
           an
           easie
           rate
           ;
           And
           having
           the
           Countrey
           round
           about
           them
           ,
           they
           are
           continually
           furnished
           with
           all
           such
           provisions
           as
           is
           needful
           for
           the
           life
           of
           man
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           the
           English
           and
           Dutch
           within
           their
           own
           ,
           but
           likewise
           by
           the
           Adjacent
           Colonies
           .
        
         
           The
           Commodities
           vented
           from
           thence
           is
           Furs
           and
           Skins
           before-mentioned
           ;
           As
           likewise
           Tobacc
           ,
           made
           within
           the
           Colony
           ,
           as
           good
           as
           is
           usually
           made
           in
           Mary-land
           :
           Also
           
             Horses
             ,
             Beef
             ,
             Pork
             ,
             Oyl
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             Wheat
             ,
          
           and
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           
           Long-Island
           ,
           the
           West-end
           of
           which
           lies
           Southward
           of
           New-York
           ,
           runs
           Eastward
           above
           one
           hundred
           miles
           ,
           and
           is
           in
           some
           places
           eight
           ,
           in
           some
           twelve
           ,
           in
           some
           fourteen
           miles
           broad
           ;
           it
           is
           inhabited
           from
           one
           end
           to
           the
           other
           .
           On
           the
           West
           end
           is
           four
           or
           five
           Dutch
           Towns
           ,
           the
           rest
           being
           all
           Engl●sh
           to
           the
           number
           of
           twelve
           ,
           besides
           Villages
           and
           Farm
           houses
           .
           The
           Island
           is
           most
           of
           it
           of
           a
           very
           good
           soyle
           ,
           and
           very
           natural
           for
           all
           sorts
           of
           English
           Grain
           ;
           which
           they
           sowe
           and
           have
           very
           good
           increase
           of
           ,
           besides
           all
           other
           Fruits
           and
           Herbs
           common
           in
           England
           ,
           as
           also
           
             Toba●c●
             ,
             H●mp
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             Pumpkins
             ,
             Melons
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           The
           Fruits
           natural
           to
           the
           Island
           ,
           are
           
             Mulberries
             ,
             
             Posimons
             ,
             Grapes
          
           great
           and
           small
           ,
           
             Huckelberries
             ,
             Cramberries
             ,
             Plums
          
           of
           several
           sorts
           ,
           Rosberries
           and
           Strawberries
           ,
           of
           which
           last
           is
           such
           abundance
           in
           June
           ,
           that
           the
           Fields
           and
           Woods
           are
           died
           red
           :
           Which
           the
           Countrey-people
           perceiving
           ,
           instantly
           arm
           themselves
           with
           bottles
           of
           Wine
           ,
           Cream
           ,
           and
           Sugar
           ,
           and
           in
           stead
           of
           a
           Coat
           of
           Male
           ,
           every
           one
           takes
           a
           Female
           upon
           his
           Horse
           behind
           him
           ,
           and
           so
           rushing
           violently
           into
           the
           fields
           ,
           never
           leave
           till
           they
           have
           disrob'd
           them
           of
           their
           red
           colours
           ,
           and
           turned
           them
           into
           the
           old
           habit
           .
        
         
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Island
           is
           very
           full
           of
           Timber
           ,
           as
           Oaks
           white
           and
           red
           ,
           Walnut-trees
           ,
           Chesnut-trees
           ,
           which
           yield
           store
           of
           Mast
           for
           Swine
           ,
           and
           are
           often
           therewith
           sufficiently
           fatted
           with
           Oat-Corn
           :
           as
           also
           Maples
           ,
           Cedars
           ,
           Saxifrage
           ,
           Beach
           ,
           Birch
           ,
           Holly
           ,
           Hazel
           ,
           with
           many
           sorts
           more
           .
        
         
           The
           Herbs
           which
           the
           Countrey
           naturally
           afford
           ,
           are
           Purslain
           ,
           white
           Orage
           ,
           Egrimony
           ,
           Violets
           ,
           Penniroyal
           ,
           Alicampane
           ,
           besides
           Saxaparilla
           very
           common
           ,
           with
           many
           more
           Yea
           ,
           in
           May
           you
           shall
           see
           the
           Woods
           and
           Fields
           so
           curiously
           bedecke
           with
           Roses
           ,
           and
           an
           innumerable
           multitude
           of
           delightful
           Flowers
           ,
           not
           only
           pleasing
           the
           eye
           ,
           but
           smell
           ,
           that
           you
           may
           behold
           Nature
           contending
           with
           Art
           ,
           and
           striving
           to
           equal
           ,
           if
           not
           excel
           many
           Gardens
           in
           England
           :
           nay
           ,
           did
           we
           know
           the
           vertue
           of
           all
           those
           Plants
           and
           Herbs
           growing
           there
           (
           which
           time
           may
           more
           discover
           )
           many
           are
           of
           opinion
           ,
           and
           the
           Natives
           do
           affirm
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           no
           disease
           common
           to
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           but
           may
           be
           cured
           without
           Materials
           from
           other
           Nations
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           several
           Navigable
           Rivers
           and
           Bays
           ,
           which
           
           puts
           into
           the
           North-side
           of
           
           Long-Island
           ,
           but
           upon
           the
           South-side
           which
           joyns
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           it
           is
           so
           fortified
           with
           bars
           of
           sands
           and
           sholes
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           a
           sufficient
           defence
           against
           any
           enemy
           ,
           yet
           the
           South-side
           is
           not
           without
           Brooks
           and
           Riverets
           ,
           which
           empty
           themselves
           into
           the
           Sea
           ;
           yea
           ,
           you
           shall
           scarce
           travel
           a
           mile
           ,
           but
           you
           shall
           meet
           with
           one
           of
           them
           whose
           Christal
           streams
           run
           so
           swift
           ,
           that
           they
           purge
           themselves
           of
           such
           stinking
           mud
           and
           filth
           ,
           which
           the
           standing
           or
           low-paced
           streams
           of
           most
           brooks
           and
           rivers
           westward
           of
           this
           Colony
           leave
           lying
           ,
           and
           are
           by
           the
           Suns
           exhalation
           dissipated
           ,
           the
           Air
           corrupted
           ,
           and
           many
           Fevers
           and
           other
           distempers
           occasioned
           ,
           not
           incident
           to
           this
           Colony
           :
           Neither
           do
           the
           Brooks
           and
           Riverets
           premised
           ,
           give
           way
           to
           the
           Frost
           in
           Winter
           ,
           or
           draught
           in
           Summer
           ,
           but
           keep
           their
           course
           throughout
           the
           year
           .
        
         
           These
           Rivers
           are
           very
           well
           furnished
           with
           Fish
           ,
           as
           Bosse
           ,
           Sheepsheads
           ,
           Place
           ,
           Pearch
           ,
           Trouts
           ,
           Eels
           ,
           Turtles
           ,
           and
           divers
           others
           .
        
         
           The
           Island
           is
           plentifully
           stored
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           English
           Cattel
           .
           Horses
           ,
           Hogs
           ,
           Sheep
           ,
           Goats
           ,
           &c.
           no
           place
           in
           the
           North
           of
           Am●rica
           better
           ,
           which
           they
           can
           both
           raise
           and
           m●intain
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           large
           and
           spacious
           Medow
           ,
           or
           Marches
           wherewith
           it
           is
           furnished
           ,
           the
           Island
           likewise
           producing
           excellent
           English
           grass
           ,
           the
           seed
           of
           which
           was
           brought
           out
           of
           England
           ,
           which
           they
           sometime
           mow
           twice
           a
           year
           .
        
         
           For
           wilde
           Beasts
           there
           is
           Deer
           ,
           Bear
           ,
           Wolves
           ,
           Foxes
           ,
           Racoons
           ,
           Otters
           ,
           Musquashes
           and
           Skunks
           .
           Wild
           Fowl
           there
           is
           great
           store
           of
           ,
           as
           Turkies
           ,
           Heath-Hens
           ,
           Quailes
           ,
           Partridges
           ,
           Pidgeons
           ,
           Cranes
           ,
           Geese
           
           of
           several
           sorts
           ,
           Brants
           ,
           Ducks
           ,
           Widgeon
           ,
           Teal
           ,
           and
           divers
           others
           :
           There
           is
           also
           the
           red
           Bird
           ,
           with
           divers
           sorts
           of
           singing
           birds
           ,
           whose
           chirping
           notes
           salute
           the
           ears
           of
           Travellers
           with
           an
           harmonious
           discord
           ,
           and
           in
           every
           pond
           and
           brook
           green
           silken
           Frogs
           ,
           who
           warbling
           forth
           their
           untun'd
           tunes
           strive
           to
           bear
           a
           part
           in
           this
           musick
           .
        
         
           Towards
           the
           middle
           of
           
           Long-Island
           lyeth
           a
           plain
           sixteen
           miles
           long
           and
           four
           broad
           ,
           upon
           which
           plain
           grows
           very
           fine
           grass
           ,
           that
           makes
           exceeding
           good
           Hay
           ,
           and
           is
           very
           good
           pasture
           for
           sheep
           or
           other
           Cattel
           ;
           where
           you
           shall
           find
           neither
           stick
           nor
           stone
           to
           hinder
           the
           Horse
           heels
           ,
           or
           endanger
           them
           in
           their
           Races
           ,
           and
           once
           a
           year
           the
           best
           Horses
           in
           the
           Island
           are
           brought
           hither
           to
           try
           their
           swiftness
           ,
           and
           the
           swift●st
           rewarded
           with
           a
           silver
           Cup
           ,
           two
           being
           Annually
           procured
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
           There
           are
           two
           or
           three
           other
           small
           plains
           of
           about
           a
           mile
           square
           ,
           which
           are
           no
           small
           benefit
           to
           those
           Towns
           which
           enjoy
           them
           .
        
         
           Upon
           the
           South-side
           of
           
           Long-Island
           in
           the
           Winter
           ,
           lie
           store
           of
           Whales
           and
           Crampasses
           ,
           which
           the
           inhabitants
           begin
           with
           small
           boats
           to
           make
           a
           trade
           Catching
           to
           their
           no
           small
           benefit
           .
           Also
           an
           innumerable
           multitude
           of
           Seals
           ,
           which
           make
           an
           excellent
           oyle
           ;
           they
           lie
           all
           the
           Winter
           upon
           some
           broken
           Marshes
           and
           Beaches
           ,
           or
           bars
           of
           sand
           before-mentioned
           ,
           and
           might
           be
           easily
           got
           were
           there
           some
           skilful
           men
           would
           undertake
           it
           .
        
         
           To
           say
           something
           of
           the
           Indians
           ,
           there
           is
           now
           but
           few
           upon
           the
           Island
           ,
           and
           those
           few
           no
           ways
           hurtful
           but
           rather
           serviceable
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           to
           be
           admired
           ,
           how
           strangely
           they
           have
           deereast
           by
           the
           
           Hand
           of
           God
           ,
           since
           the
           English
           first
           setling
           of
           those
           parts
           ;
           for
           since
           my
           time
           ,
           where
           there
           were
           fix
           towns
           ,
           they
           are
           reduced
           to
           two
           small
           Villages
           ,
           and
           it
           hath
           been
           generally
           observed
           ,
           that
           where
           the
           English
           come
           to
           settle
           ,
           a
           Divine
           Hand
           makes
           way
           for
           them
           ,
           by
           removing
           or
           cutting
           off
           the
           Indians
           ,
           either
           by
           Wars
           one
           with
           the
           other
           ,
           or
           by
           s●me
           raging
           mortal
           Disease
           .
        
         
           They
           live
           principally
           by
           Hunting
           ,
           Fowling
           ,
           and
           Fishing
           :
           their
           Wives
           being
           the
           Husbandmen
           to
           till
           the
           Land
           ,
           and
           plant
           their
           corn
           .
        
         
           The
           meat
           they
           live
           most
           upon
           is
           Fish
           ,
           Fowl
           ,
           and
           Venison
           ;
           they
           eat
           likewise
           Polecats
           ,
           Skunks
           ,
           Racoon
           ,
           Possum
           ,
           Turtles
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           They
           build
           small
           moveable
           Tents
           ,
           which
           they
           remove
           two
           or
           three
           times
           a
           year
           ,
           having
           their
           principal
           quarters
           where
           they
           plant
           their
           Corn
           :
           their
           Hunting
           quarters
           ,
           and
           their
           Fishing
           quarters
           :
           Their
           Recreations
           are
           chiefly
           Foot-ball
           and
           Cards
           ,
           at
           which
           they
           will
           play
           away
           all
           they
           have
           ,
           excepting
           a
           Flap
           to
           cover
           their
           nakedness
           :
           They
           are
           great
           lovers
           of
           strong
           drink
           ,
           yet
           do
           not
           care
           for
           drinking
           ,
           unless
           they
           have
           enough
           to
           make
           themselves
           drunk
           ;
           and
           if
           there
           be
           so
           many
           in
           their
           Company
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           not
           sufficient
           to
           make
           them
           all
           drunk
           ,
           they
           usually
           select
           so
           many
           out
           of
           their
           Company
           ,
           proportionable
           to
           the
           quantity
           of
           drink
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           must
           be
           Spectators
           .
           And
           if
           any
           one
           chance
           to
           be
           drunk
           before
           he
           hath
           finisht
           his
           proportion
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           ordinarily
           a
           quart
           of
           Brandy
           ,
           Rum
           or
           Strong-waters
           )
           the
           rest
           will
           pour
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           part
           down
           his
           throat
           .
        
         
         
           They
           often
           ,
           kill
           one
           another
           at
           these
           drunken
           Matches
           ,
           which
           the
           friends
           of
           the
           murdered
           person
           ,
           do
           revenge
           upon
           the
           Murderer
           unless
           he
           purchase
           his
           life
           with
           money
           ,
           which
           they
           sometimes
           do
           :
           Their
           money
           is
           made
           of
           a
           Periwinkle
           shell
           of
           which
           there
           is
           black
           and
           white
           ,
           made
           much
           like
           unto
           beads
           ,
           and
           put
           upon
           strings
           .
        
         
           For
           their
           worship
           which
           is
           diabolical
           ,
           it
           is
           performed
           usually
           but
           once
           or
           twice
           a
           year
           ,
           unless
           upon
           some
           extraordinary
           occasion
           ,
           as
           upon
           making
           of
           War
           or
           the
           lik●
           ;
           their
           usual
           time
           is
           about
           Michaelmass
           ,
           when
           their
           corn
           is
           first
           ripe
           ,
           the
           day
           being
           appointed
           by
           their
           chief
           priest
           or
           pawaw
           ;
           most
           of
           them
           go
           a
           hunting
           for
           venison
           :
           When
           they
           are
           all
           congregated
           ,
           their
           priest
           tells
           them
           if
           he
           want
           money
           ,
           there
           God
           will
           accept
           of
           no
           other
           offering
           ,
           which
           the
           people
           beleeving
           ,
           every
           one
           gives
           money
           according
           to
           their
           ability
           .
           The
           priest
           takes
           the
           money
           ,
           and
           putting
           it
           into
           some
           dishes
           ,
           sets
           them
           upon
           the
           top
           of
           their
           low
           flat-roofed
           houses
           ,
           and
           falls
           to
           invocating
           their
           God
           to
           come
           and
           receive
           it
           ,
           which
           with
           a
           many
           loud
           hallows
           and
           outcries
           ,
           knocking
           the
           ground
           with
           sticks
           ,
           and
           beating
           themselves
           ,
           is
           performed
           by
           the
           priest
           ,
           and
           seconded
           by
           the
           people
           .
        
         
           After
           they
           have
           thus
           a
           while
           wearied
           themselves
           ,
           the
           priest
           by
           his
           Conjuration
           brings
           in
           a
           devil
           amongst
           them
           ,
           in
           the
           shape
           sometimes
           of
           a
           fowl
           ,
           sometimes
           of
           a
           beast
           ,
           and
           somtimes
           of
           a
           man
           ,
           at
           which
           the
           people
           being
           amazed
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           stir
           ,
           he
           improves
           the
           opportunity
           ,
           steps
           out
           ,
           and
           makes
           sure
           of
           the
           money
           ,
           and
           then
           returns
           to
           lay
           the
           spirit
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           is
           sometimes
           gone
           ,
           and
           takes
           some
           of
           the
           Company
           along
           with
           him
           :
           but
           if
           any
           English
           at
           such
           times
           do
           come
           amongst
           them
           ,
           it
           puts
           
           a
           period
           to
           their
           proceeding
           ,
           and
           they
           will
           desire
           their
           absence
           ,
           telling
           them
           their
           God
           will
           not
           come
           whilst
           they
           are
           there
           .
        
         
           In
           their
           wars
           they
           fight
           no
           pitcht
           fields
           ,
           but
           when
           they
           have
           notice
           of
           an
           enemies
           approach
           ,
           they
           endeavor
           to
           secure
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           upon
           some
           Island
           ,
           or
           in
           some
           thick
           swamp
           ,
           and
           then
           with
           their
           guns
           and
           hatchets
           they
           way-lay
           their
           enemies
           ,
           some
           lying
           behind
           one
           ,
           some
           another
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           a
           great
           fight
           where
           seven
           or
           eight
           is
           slain
           .
        
         
           When
           any
           Indian
           dies
           amongst
           them
           ,
           they
           bury
           him
           upright
           ,
           sitting
           upon
           a
           seat
           ,
           with
           his
           Gun
           ,
           money
           ,
           and
           such
           goods
           as
           he
           hath
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           be
           furnished
           in
           the
           other
           world
           ,
           which
           they
           conceive
           is
           Westward
           ,
           where
           they
           shall
           have
           great
           store
           of
           Game
           for
           Hunting
           and
           live
           easie
           lives
           .
           At
           his
           Burial
           his
           nearest
           Relations
           attend
           the
           Hearse
           with
           their
           faces
           painted
           black
           ,
           and
           do
           visit
           the
           grave
           once
           or
           twice
           a
           day
           ,
           where
           they
           send
           forth
           sad
           lamentations
           so
           long
           ,
           till
           time
           hath
           wore
           the
           blackness
           off
           their
           faces
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           every
           year
           once
           they
           view
           the
           grave
           ,
           make
           a
           new
           mourning
           for
           him
           ,
           trimming
           up
           of
           the
           Grave
           ,
           not
           suffering
           of
           a
           Grass
           to
           grow
           by
           it
           :
           they
           fence
           their
           graves
           with
           a
           hedge
           ,
           and
           cover
           the
           tops
           with
           Mats
           ,
           to
           shelter
           them
           from
           the
           rain
           .
        
         
           Any
           Indian
           being
           dead
           ,
           his
           Name
           dies
           with
           him
           ,
           no
           person
           daring
           ever
           afte●
           to
           mention
           his
           Name
           ,
           it
           being
           not
           only
           a
           breach
           of
           their
           Law
           ,
           but
           an
           abuse
           to
           his
           friends
           and
           relations
           present
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           were
           done
           on
           purpose
           to
           renew
           their
           grief
           :
           And
           any
           other
           person
           whatsoever
           that
           is
           named
           after
           that
           name
           doth
           incontinently
           change
           his
           name
           ,
           and
           
           takes
           a
           new
           one
           ,
           their
           names
           are
           not
           proper
           set
           names
           as
           amongst
           Christians
           ,
           but
           every
           one
           invents
           a
           name
           to
           himself
           ,
           which
           he
           likes
           best
           .
           Some
           calling
           themselves
           
             Ra●tle-snake
             ,
             Skunk
             ,
             Bucks-horn
          
           ,
           or
           the
           like
           :
           And
           if
           a
           person
           die
           ,
           that
           his
           name
           is
           some
           word
           which
           is
           used
           in
           speech
           ,
           they
           likewise
           change
           that
           word
           ,
           and
           invent
           some
           new
           one
           ,
           which
           makes
           a
           great
           change
           and
           alteration
           in
           their
           language
           .
        
         
           When
           any
           person
           is
           sick
           ,
           after
           some
           means
           used
           by
           his
           friends
           ,
           every
           one
           pretending
           skill
           in
           Physick
           ;
           that
           proving
           ineffectual
           ,
           they
           send
           for
           a
           Pawaw
           or
           Priest
           ,
           who
           sitting
           down
           by
           the
           sick
           person
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           enquiry
           after
           the
           distemper
           ,
           waits
           for
           a
           gift
           ,
           which
           he
           proportions
           his
           work
           accordingly
           to
           :
           that
           being
           received
           ,
           he
           first
           begins
           with
           a
           low
           voice
           to
           call
           upon
           his
           God
           ,
           calling
           sometimes
           upon
           one
           ,
           sometimes
           on
           another
           ,
           raising
           his
           voice
           higher
           and
           higher
           ,
           beating
           of
           his
           naked
           breasts
           and
           sides
           ,
           till
           the
           sweat
           runneth
           down
           ,
           and
           his
           breath
           is
           almost
           gone
           ,
           then
           that
           little
           which
           is
           remaining
           ,
           he
           evaporates
           upon
           the
           face
           of
           the
           sick
           person
           three
           or
           four
           times
           together
           ,
           and
           so
           takes
           his
           leave
           .
        
         
           Their
           Marriages
           are
           performed
           without
           any
           Ceremony
           ,
           the
           Match
           being
           first
           made
           by
           money
           .
           The
           sum
           being
           agreed
           upon
           and
           given
           to
           the
           woman
           ,
           it
           makes
           a
           consummation
           of
           their
           Marriage
           ,
           if
           I
           may
           so
           call
           it
           :
           After
           that
           ,
           he
           keeps
           her
           during
           his
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           least
           dislike
           turns
           her
           away
           and
           takes
           another
           :
           It
           is
           no
           offence
           for
           their
           married
           women
           to
           lie
           with
           another
           man
           ,
           provided
           she
           acquaint
           her
           husband
           ,
           or
           some
           of
           her
           nearest
           Relations
           with
           it
           ,
           but
           if
           not
           ,
           it
           is
           accounted
           such
           a
           fault
           that
           they
           sometimes
           punish
           it
           with
           death
           :
           An
           Indian
           may
           have
           two
           wives
           or
           more
           if
           he
           please
           ;
           but
           t
           is
           not
           so
           much
           in
           use
           as
           it
           was
           since
           the
           English
           came
           amongst
           them
           :
           they
           being
           ready
           ▪
           in
           some
           measure
           
           to
           imitate
           the
           English
           in
           things
           both
           good
           and
           had
           :
           any
           Maid
           before
           she
           is
           married
           doth
           lie
           with
           whom
           she
           please
           for
           money
           ,
           without
           any
           scandal
           ,
           or
           the
           least
           aspersion
           to
           be
           cast
           upon
           her
           ,
           it
           being
           so
           customary
           ,
           and
           their
           laws
           tolerating
           of
           it
           .
           They
           are
           extraordinary
           charitable
           one
           to
           another
           ,
           one
           having
           nothing
           to
           spare
           ,
           but
           he
           freely
           imparts
           it
           to
           his
           friends
           ,
           and
           whatsoever
           they
           get
           by
           gaming
           or
           any
           other
           way
           ,
           they
           share
           one
           to
           another
           ,
           leaving
           themselves
           commonly
           the
           least
           share
           .
        
         
           At
           their
           
           Cantica's
           or
           dancing
           Matches
           ,
           where
           all
           persons
           that
           come
           are
           freely
           entertaind
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           Festival
           time
           :
           Their
           custom
           is
           when
           they
           dance
           ,
           every
           one
           but
           the
           Dancers
           to
           have
           a
           short
           stick
           in
           their
           hand
           ,
           and
           to
           knock
           the
           ground
           and
           sing
           altogether
           ,
           whilst
           they
           that
           dance
           sometimes
           act
           warlike
           postures
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           come
           in
           painted
           for
           War
           with
           their
           faces
           black
           and
           red
           ,
           or
           some
           all
           black
           ,
           some
           all
           red
           ,
           with
           some
           streaks
           of
           white
           under
           their
           eyes
           ,
           and
           so
           jump
           and
           leap
           up
           and
           down
           without
           any
           order
           ,
           uttering
           many
           expressions
           of
           their
           intended
           valour
           .
           For
           other
           Dances
           they
           only
           shew
           what
           Antick
           tricks
           their
           ignorance
           will
           lead
           them
           to
           ,
           wringing
           of
           their
           bodies
           and
           faces
           after
           a
           strange
           manner
           ,
           sometimes
           jumping
           into
           the
           fire
           ,
           sometimes
           catching
           up
           a
           Fire-brand
           ,
           and
           biting
           off
           a
           live
           coal
           ,
           with
           many
           such
           tricks
           ,
           that
           will
           affright
           ,
           if
           not
           please
           an
           English
           man
           to
           look
           upon
           them
           ,
           resembling
           rather
           a
           company
           of
           infernal
           Furies
           then
           men
           .
           When
           their
           King
           or
           Sachem
           sits
           in
           Council
           ,
           he
           hath
           a
           Company
           of
           armed
           men
           to
           guard
           his
           Person
           ,
           great
           respect
           being
           shewen
           him
           by
           the
           People
           ,
           which
           is
           principally
           manifested
           by
           their
           silence
           :
           After
           he
           hath
           declared
           the
           cause
           of
           their
           convention
           ,
           he
           demands
           their
           opinion
           ,
           ordering
           who
           shall
           begin
           :
           The
           person
           ordered
           to
           speak
           ,
           after
           he
           hath
           declared
           his
           minde
           ,
           tells
           them
           he
           hath
           
           done
           :
           no
           man
           ever
           interrupting
           any
           person
           in
           his
           speech
           ,
           nor
           offering
           to
           speak
           ,
           though
           he
           make
           never
           so
           many
           or
           long
           stops
           ,
           till
           he
           says
           he
           hath
           no
           more
           to
           say
           :
           the
           Council
           having
           all
           declar'd
           their
           opinions
           ,
           the
           King
           after
           some
           pause
           gives
           the
           definitive
           sentence
           ,
           which
           is
           commonly
           seconded
           with
           a
           shout
           from
           the
           people
           ,
           every
           one
           seeming
           to
           applaud
           ,
           and
           manifest
           their
           Assent
           to
           what
           is
           determined
           :
           If
           any
           person
           be
           condemned
           to
           die
           ,
           which
           is
           seldom
           ,
           unless
           for
           Murder
           or
           Incest
           ,
           the
           King
           himself
           goes
           out
           in
           person
           (
           for
           you
           must
           understand
           they
           have
           no
           prisons
           ,
           and
           the
           guilty
           person
           flies
           into
           the
           Woods
           )
           where
           they
           go
           inquest
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           having
           found
           him
           ,
           the
           King
           shoots
           first
           ,
           though
           at
           never
           such
           a
           distance
           ,
           and
           then
           happy
           is
           the
           man
           can
           shoot
           him
           down
           ,
           and
           cut
           off
           his
           Long
           ,
           which
           they
           commonly
           wear
           ,
           who
           for
           his
           pains
           is
           made
           some
           Captain
           ,
           or
           other
           military
           Officer
           .
        
         
           Their
           Cloathing
           is
           a
           yard
           and
           an
           half
           of
           broad
           Cloth
           ,
           which
           is
           made
           for
           the
           Indian
           Trade
           ,
           which
           they
           hang
           upon
           their
           shoulders
           ;
           and
           half
           a
           yard
           of
           the
           same
           cloth
           ,
           which
           being
           put
           betwixt
           their
           legs
           ,
           and
           brought
           up
           before
           and
           behinde
           ,
           and
           tied
           with
           a
           Girdle
           about
           their
           middle
           ,
           hangs
           with
           a
           flap
           on
           each
           side
           :
           They
           wear
           no
           Hats
           ,
           but
           commonly
           wear
           about
           their
           Heads
           a
           Snake's
           skin
           ,
           or
           a
           Belt
           of
           their
           money
           ,
           or
           a
           kind
           of
           a
           Ruff
           made
           with
           Deers
           hair
           ,
           and
           died
           of
           a
           scarlet
           colour
           ,
           which
           they
           esteem
           very
           rich
           .
        
         
           They
           grease
           their
           bodies
           and
           hair
           very
           often
           ,
           and
           paint
           their
           faces
           with
           several
           colours
           ,
           as
           black
           ,
           white
           ,
           red
           ,
           yellow
           ,
           blew
           ,
           &c.
           which
           they
           take
           great
           pride
           in
           ,
           every
           one
           being
           painted
           in
           a
           several
           manner
           :
           Thus
           much
           for
           the
           Customs
           of
           the
           Indians
           .
        
         
         
           Within
           two
           Leagues
           of
           New-York
           lieth
           
           Staten-Island
           ,
           it
           bears
           from
           
             New
             York
          
           West
           something
           Southerly
           :
           It
           is
           about
           twenty
           miles
           long
           ,
           and
           four
           or
           five
           broad
           ,
           it
           is
           most
           of
           it
           very
           good
           Land
           ,
           full
           of
           Timber
           ,
           and
           produceth
           all
           such
           commodities
           as
           Long
           -
           Island
           doth
           ,
           besides
           Tin
           and
           store
           of
           Iron
           Oar
           ,
           and
           the
           Calamine
           stone
           is
           said
           likewise
           to
           be
           found
           there
           :
           There
           is
           but
           one
           Town
           upon
           it
           consi●●ing
           of
           English
           and
           French
           ,
           but
           is
           capable
           of
           entertaining
           more
           inhabitants
           :
           betwixt
           this
           and
           Long
           Island
           is
           a
           large
           Bay
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           coming
           in
           for
           all
           ships
           and
           vessels
           out
           of
           the
           Sea
           :
           On
           the
           North-side
           of
           this
           Island
           After-●kull
           River
           puts
           into
           the
           main
           Land
           on
           the
           West-side
           ,
           whereof
           is
           two
           or
           three
           Towns
           ,
           but
           on
           the
           East-side
           but
           one
           .
           There
           is
           very
           great
           Marshes
           or
           Medows
           on
           both
           sides
           of
           it
           ,
           excellent
           good
           Land
           ,
           an●
           good
           convenience
           for
           the
           setling
           of
           several
           Towns
           ;
           there
           grows
           black
           Walnut
           and
           Locust
           ,
           as
           their
           doth
           in
           Virgi●ia
           ,
           with
           mighty
           tall
           streight
           Timber
           ,
           as
           good
           as
           any
           in
           the
           North
           of
           Ameri●a
           :
           It
           produceth
           any
           Commoditie
           
           Long-Island
           doth
           .
        
         
           Hudsons
           River
           runs
           by
           N●w-York
           Northward
           into
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           toward
           the
           Head
           of
           which
           is
           seated
           N●w-Al●a●●
           ,
           a
           pl●ce
           of
           great
           Trade
           with
           the
           Indians
           ,
           betwixt
           which
           and
           New-York
           ,
           being
           above
           one
           hundred
           mi●es
           ,
           is
           as
           good
           Corn-land
           as
           the
           World
           affords
           ,
           enough
           to
           entertain
           Hundreds
           of
           Families
           ,
           which
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           
           Dutch-Gove●nment
           of
           those
           parts
           could
           not
           be
           setled
           :
           For
           the
           Indians
           ,
           excepting
           one
           place
           ,
           called
           the
           〈◊〉
           which
           was
           kept
           by
           a
           Garrison
           ,
           but
           since
           the
           reducement
           of
           those
           parts
           under
           His
           Ma●esties
           obedience
           ,
           and
           a
           Patent
           granted
           to
           his
           Royal
           Highnes●
           the
           Duke
           of
           York
           ,
           which
           is
           about
           six
           years
           ;
           since
           by
           the
           care
           and
           diligenc●
           of
           the
           Honourable
           
           Coll.
           Nicholls
           sent
           thither
           Deputy
           to
           His
           Highness
           ,
           such
           a
           League
           of
           Peace
           was
           made
           ,
           and
           Friendship
           concluded
           betwixt
           that
           Colony
           and
           the
           Indians
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           not
           resisted
           or
           disturbed
           any
           Christians
           there
           ,
           in
           the
           setling
           or
           peaceable
           possessing
           of
           any
           Lands
           with
           that
           Government
           ,
           but
           every
           man
           hath
           sate
           under
           his
           own
           Vine
           ,
           and
           hath
           peaceably
           reapt
           and
           enjoyed
           the
           fruits
           of
           their
           own
           labours
           ,
           which
           God
           continue
           .
        
         
           Westward
           of
           After-Kull
           River
           before-mentioned
           ,
           about
           18
           or
           20
           miles
           runs
           in
           
           Raritan-River
           North-ward
           into
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           some
           score
           of
           miles
           ,
           both
           sides
           of
           which
           River
           is
           adorn'd
           with
           spacious
           Medows
           ,
           enough
           to
           maintain
           thousands
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           the
           Wood-land
           is
           likewise
           very
           good
           for
           corn
           ,
           and
           stor'd
           with
           wilde
           Beasts
           ,
           as
           Deer
           ,
           and
           Elks
           ,
           and
           an
           innumerable
           multitude
           of
           Fowl
           ,
           as
           in
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Countrey
           :
           This
           River
           is
           thought
           very
           capable
           for
           the
           erecting
           of
           several
           Towns
           and
           Villages
           on
           each
           side
           of
           it
           ,
           no
           place
           in
           the
           North
           of
           America
           having
           better
           convenience
           for
           the
           maintaining
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Cattel
           for
           Winter
           and
           Summer-food
           :
           upon
           this
           River
           is
           no
           town
           setled
           ,
           but
           one
           at
           the
           mouth
           of
           it
           .
           Next
           this
           River
           Westward
           is
           a
           place
           called
           New-asons
           ,
           where
           is
           two
           or
           three
           Towns
           and
           Villages
           setled
           upon
           the
           Sea-side
           ,
           but
           none
           betwixt
           that
           and
           Delewer
           Bay
           ,
           which
           is
           about
           sixty
           miles
           ,
           all
           which
           is
           a
           rich
           Champain
           Countrey
           ,
           free
           from
           stones
           ,
           and
           indifferent
           level
           ;
           store
           of
           excellent
           good
           timber
           ,
           and
           very
           well
           watered
           ,
           having
           brooks
           or
           rivers
           ordinarily
           ,
           one
           or
           more
           in
           every
           miles
           travel
           :
           The
           Countrey
           is
           full
           of
           Deer
           ,
           Elks
           ,
           Bear
           ,
           and
           other
           Creatures
           ,
           as
           in
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           where
           you
           shall
           meet
           with
           no
           inhabitant
           in
           this
           journey
           ,
           but
           a
           few
           Indians
           ,
           where
           there
           is
           stately
           Oaks
           ,
           whose
           broad-branched-tops
           serve
           for
           no
           other
           use
           ,
           but
           to
           
           keep
           off
           the
           Suns
           heat
           from
           the
           wilde
           Beasts
           of
           the
           Wilderness
           ,
           where
           is
           grass
           as
           high
           as
           a
           mans
           middle
           ,
           that
           serves
           for
           no
           other
           end
           except
           to
           maintain
           the
           Elks
           and
           Deer
           ,
           who
           never
           devour
           a
           hundredth
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           then
           to
           be
           burnt
           every
           Spring
           to
           make
           way
           for
           new
           .
           How
           many
           poor
           people
           in
           the
           world
           would
           think
           themselves
           happy
           ,
           had
           they
           an
           Acre
           or
           two
           of
           Land
           ,
           whilst
           here
           is
           hundreds
           ,
           nay
           thous●nds
           of
           Acres
           ,
           that
           would
           invite
           inhabitants
           .
        
         
           Delewerhay
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           ,
           lyeth
           about
           the
           Mid-way
           betwixt
           New-Y●●k
           and
           the
           Capes
           of
           Virginia
           :
           It
           is
           a
           very
           pleasant
           River
           and
           Countrey
           ,
           but
           very
           few
           inhabitants
           ,
           and
           them
           being
           mostly
           
             Swedes
             ,
             Dutch
          
           and
           Finns
           :
           about
           sixty
           miles
           up
           the
           River
           is
           the
           principal
           Town
           called
           N●w-Castle
           ,
           which
           is
           about
           40
           miles
           from
           Mary-land
           ,
           and
           very
           good
           way
           to
           travel
           ,
           either
           with
           horse
           or
           foot
           ,
           the
           people
           are
           setled
           all
           along
           the
           west
           side
           sixty
           miles
           above
           New-Castle
           ;
           the
           land
           is
           good
           for
           all
           sorts
           of
           English
           grain
           ,
           and
           wanteth
           nothing
           but
           a
           good
           people
           to
           populate
           it
           ,
           it
           being
           capable
           of
           entertaining
           many
           hundred
           fami●ies
           .
        
         
           Some
           may
           admire
           ,
           that
           these
           great
           and
           rich
           Tracts
           of
           land
           ,
           lying
           so
           adjoyning
           to
           New-England
           and
           Virginia
           ,
           should
           be
           no
           better
           inhabited
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           richness
           of
           the
           soyle
           ,
           the
           healthfulness
           of
           the
           Clima●e
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ,
           should
           be
           no
           better
           a
           motive
           to
           induce
           people
           from
           both
           places
           to
           populate
           it
           .
        
         
           To
           which
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           whilst
           it
           was
           under
           the
           Dutch
           Government
           ,
           which
           hath
           been
           till
           within
           these
           six
           years
           ;
           there
           was
           little
           encouragement
           for
           any
           English
           ,
           both
           in
           respect
           of
           their
           safety
           from
           the
           Ind●ans
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           being
           almost
           always
           in
           danger
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           their
           
           Bever-trade
           not
           admitting
           of
           a
           War
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           been
           destructive
           to
           their
           
           trade
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           main
           thing
           prosecuted
           by
           the
           Dutch.
           And
           secondly
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           gave
           such
           bad
           Titles
           to
           Lands
           ,
           together
           with
           their
           exacting
           of
           the
           Tenths
           of
           all
           which
           men
           produced
           off
           their
           Land
           ,
           that
           did
           much
           hinder
           the
           populating
           of
           it
           ;
           together
           with
           that
           general
           dislike
           the
           English
           have
           of
           living
           under
           another
           Government
           ;
           but
           since
           the
           reducement
           of
           it
           the●e
           is
           several
           Towns
           of
           a
           considerable
           g●eatness
           begun
           and
           setled
           by
           people
           out
           of
           New-England
           ,
           and
           every
           day
           more
           and
           more
           come
           to
           view
           and
           sett●e
           .
        
         
           To
           give
           some
           satisfaction
           to
           people
           that
           shall
           be
           desirous
           to
           transport
           themselves
           thither
           ,
           (
           the
           Countrey
           being
           capabl
           of
           entertaining
           many
           thousands
           ,
           )
           how
           and
           after
           what
           manner
           people
           live
           ,
           and
           how
           land
           may
           be
           procured
           ,
           &c.
           
           I
           shall
           answer
           ,
           that
           the
           usual
           way
           ,
           is
           for
           a
           Company
           of
           people
           to
           joyn
           to-together
           ,
           either
           enough
           to
           make
           a
           Town
           ,
           or
           a
           lesser
           number
           ;
           These
           go
           with
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Governor
           ,
           and
           view
           a
           Tract
           of
           Land
           ,
           there
           being
           choice
           enough
           ,
           and
           finding
           a
           place
           convenient
           for
           a
           Town
           ,
           they
           return
           to
           the
           Governour
           ,
           who
           upon
           their
           desire
           admits
           them
           into
           the
           Colony
           ,
           and
           gives
           them
           a
           Grant
           or
           Patent
           for
           the
           said
           Land
           ,
           for
           themselves
           and
           Associates
           .
           These
           persons
           being
           thus
           qualified
           ,
           settle
           the
           place
           ,
           and
           take
           in
           what
           inhabitants
           to
           themselves
           they
           shall
           see
           cause
           to
           admit
           of
           ,
           till
           their
           Town
           be
           full
           ;
           these
           Associates
           thus
           taken
           in
           have
           equal
           priviledges
           with
           themselves
           ,
           and
           they
           make
           a
           division
           of
           the
           land
           suitable
           to
           every
           m●ns
           occasions
           ,
           no
           m●n
           being
           debarr'd
           of
           such
           quantities
           as
           he
           hath
           occasion
           for
           ,
           the
           rest
           they
           let
           lie
           in
           common
           till
           they
           have
           occasion
           for
           a
           new
           division
           ,
           never
           dividing
           their
           Pas●ure-land
           at
           all
           ,
           which
           ●ie
           in
           common
           to
           the
           whole
           Town
           .
           The
           bes●
           Commodities
           for
           any
           to
           carry
           with
           them
           is
           Clothing
           ,
           the
           Countrey
           being
           
           full
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           which
           they
           may
           furnish
           themselves
           ●●thal
           at
           an
           easie
           rate
           ,
           for
           any
           sorts
           of
           English
           Goods
           ;
           as
           likewise
           Instruments
           for
           Husbandry
           and
           Building
           ,
           with
           Nails
           ,
           Hinges
           ,
           Glass
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ;
           For
           the
           manner
           how
           they
           get
           a
           livelihood
           ,
           it
           is
           principally
           by
           Corn
           and
           Cattel
           ,
           which
           will
           there
           fetch
           them
           any
           Commodities
           ;
           likewise
           they
           sowe
           store
           of
           Flax
           ,
           which
           they
           make
           every
           one
           Cloth
           of
           for
           their
           own
           wearing
           ,
           as
           also
           woollen
           Cloth
           ,
           and
           Linsey-woolsey
           ,
           and
           had
           they
           more
           Tradesmen
           amongst
           them
           ,
           they
           would
           in
           a
           little
           time
           live
           without
           the
           help
           of
           any
           other
           Conntrey
           for
           their
           Clothing
           ;
           For
           Tradesmen
           there
           is
           none
           but
           live
           happily
           there
           ,
           as
           Carpenters
           ,
           Blacksmiths
           ,
           Masons
           ,
           Tailors
           ,
           Weavers
           ,
           Shoomakers
           ,
           Tanners
           ,
           Brickmakers
           ,
           and
           so
           any
           other
           Trade
           ;
           them
           that
           have
           no
           Trade
           betake
           themselves
           to
           Husbandry
           ,
           get
           Land
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           live
           exceeding
           well
           .
        
         
           Thus
           have
           I
           briefly
           given
           you
           a
           Relation
           of
           New-York
           ,
           with
           the
           places
           thereunto
           ad●oyning
           ;
           In
           which
           ,
           if
           I
           have
           err'd
           ,
           it
           is
           principally
           in
           not
           giving
           it
           its
           due
           commendation
           ;
           for
           besides
           those
           earthly
           blessings
           where
           it
           is
           stor'd
           ,
           Heaven
           hath
           not
           been
           wanting
           to
           open
           his
           Treasure
           ,
           in
           sending
           down
           seasonable
           showres
           upon
           the
           Earth
           ,
           blessing
           it
           with
           a
           sweet
           and
           pleasant
           Air
           ,
           and
           a
           Continuation
           of
           such
           Influences
           as
           tend
           to
           the
           Health
           both
           of
           Man
           and
           Beast
           :
           and
           the
           Climate
           hath
           such
           an
           affinity
           with
           that
           of
           England
           ,
           that
           it
           breeds
           ordinarily
           no
           alteration
           to
           those
           which
           remove
           thither
           ;
           that
           the
           name
           of
           seasoning
           ,
           which
           is
           common
           to
           some
           other
           Countreys
           hath
           never
           there
           been
           known
           ;
           That
           I
           may
           say
           ,
           and
           say
           truly
           ,
           that
           if
           there
           be
           any
           
           terrestrial
           happiness
           to
           be
           had
           by
           people
           of
           all
           ranks
           ,
           especially
           of
           an
           inferior
           rank
           ,
           it
           must
           certainly
           be
           here
           :
           here
           any
           one
           may
           furnish
           himself
           with
           land
           ,
           and
           live
           rent-free
           ,
           yea
           ,
           with
           such
           a
           quantity
           of
           land
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           weary
           himself
           with
           walking
           over
           his
           fields
           of
           Corn
           ,
           and
           all
           so●ts
           of
           Gr●in
           and
           ●et
           his
           stock
           of
           Cattel
           amount
           to
           some
           hundreds
           ,
           he
           needs
           not
           fear
           their
           want
           of
           pasture
           in
           the
           Summer
           ,
           or
           Fodder
           in
           the
           Winter
           ,
           the
           Woods
           affording
           sufficient
           supply
           .
           For
           the
           Summer-season
           ,
           where
           you
           have
           grass
           as
           high
           as
           a
           mans
           knees
           ,
           nay
           ,
           as
           high
           as
           his
           waste
           ,
           interlaced
           with
           Pea
           ●ines
           and
           other
           weeds
           that
           Cattel
           much
           delight
           in
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           a
           man
           can
           press
           thorough
           ;
           and
           these
           woods
           also
           every
           mile
           or
           half-mile
           are
           furnished
           with
           fresh
           ponds
           ,
           brooks
           ,
           or
           rivers
           ,
           where
           all
           sorts
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           during
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           day
           ,
           do
           quench
           their
           thirst
           and
           cool
           themselves
           ;
           these
           brooks
           and
           rivers
           being
           invironed
           of
           each
           side
           with
           several
           sorts
           of
           trees
           and
           Grape-vines
           ,
           the
           Vines
           ,
           Arbor-like
           ,
           in
           re-changing
           places
           and
           crossing
           these
           rivers
           ,
           does
           shade
           and
           shelter
           them
           from
           the
           scorching
           beams
           of
           Sols
           fiery
           influence
           :
           Here
           those
           which
           Fortune
           hath
           frown'd
           upon
           in
           En●land
           ,
           to
           deny
           them
           an
           inheritance
           amongst
           their
           Brethren
           ,
           or
           such
           as
           by
           their
           utmost
           labors
           can
           scarcely
           procure
           a
           living
           ,
           I
           say
           such
           may
           procure
           here
           inheritances
           of
           land
           ,
           and
           possessions
           ,
           stock
           themselves
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           enjoy
           the
           benefit
           of
           them
           whilst
           they
           live
           ,
           and
           leave
           them
           to
           the
           benefit
           of
           their
           children
           when
           they
           die
           :
           Here
           you
           need
           no
           trouble
           the
           Shambles
           for
           meat
           ,
           nor
           Bakers
           and
           Brewers
           for
           Beer
           and
           Bread
           ,
           nor
           run
           to
           a
           Linnen-Draper
           for
           a
           supply
           ,
           every
           one
           making
           their
           own
           Linnen
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           part
           of
           their
           woollen-cloth
           for
           their
           ordinary
           wearing
           :
           And
           how
           prodigal
           ,
           if
           I
           may
           so
           say
           ,
           hath
           Nature
           been
           to
           furnish
           the
           Countrey
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           wilde
           Beasts
           
           and
           Fowle
           ,
           which
           every
           one
           hath
           an
           interest
           in
           ,
           and
           may
           hunt
           at
           his
           pleasure
           ;
           where
           besides
           the
           pleasure
           in
           hunting
           ,
           he
           may
           furnish
           his
           house
           with
           excellent
           fat
           Venison
           ,
           Turkies
           ,
           Geese
           ,
           Heath-Hens
           ,
           Cranes
           ,
           Swans
           ,
           Ducks
           ,
           Pidgeons
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           :
           and
           wearied
           with
           that
           ,
           he
           may
           go
           a
           Fish●ng
           ,
           where
           the
           Rivers
           are
           so
           furnished
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           supply
           himself
           with
           Fish
           before
           he
           can
           leave
           off
           the
           Recreation
           :
           Where
           you
           may
           travel
           by
           Land
           upon
           the
           same
           Continent
           hundreds
           of
           miles
           ,
           and
           passe
           thorough
           Towns
           and
           Villages
           ,
           and
           never
           hear
           the
           least
           complaint
           for
           want
           ,
           nor
           hear
           any
           ask
           you
           for
           a
           farthing
           :
           there
           you
           may
           lodge
           in
           the
           fields
           and
           woods
           ,
           travel
           from
           one
           end
           of
           the
           Countrey
           to
           another
           ,
           with
           as
           much
           security
           as
           if
           you
           were
           lockt
           within
           your
           own
           Chamber
           ;
           And
           if
           you
           chance
           to
           meet
           with
           an
           
           Indian-Town
           ,
           they
           shall
           give
           you
           the
           best
           entertainment
           they
           have
           ,
           and
           upon
           your
           desire
           ,
           direct
           you
           on
           your
           way
           :
           But
           that
           which
           adds
           happiness
           to
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           is
           the
           Healthfulness
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           where
           many
           people
           in
           twenty
           years
           time
           never
           know
           what
           sickness
           is
           :
           where
           they
           look
           upon
           it
           as
           a
           great
           mortality
           if
           two
           or
           three
           die
           out
           of
           a
           town
           in
           a
           years
           time
           ;
           where
           besides
           the
           sweetness
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           the
           Countrey
           it self
           sends
           forth
           such
           a
           fragrant
           smell
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           perceived
           at
           Sea
           before
           they
           can
           make
           the
           Land
           :
           where
           no
           evil
           fog
           or
           vapour
           doth
           no
           sooner
           appear
           ,
           but
           a
           North
           west
           or
           Westerly
           winde
           doth
           immediately
           dissolve
           it
           ,
           and
           drive
           it
           away
           :
           What
           shall
           I
           say
           more
           ?
           you
           shall
           scarce
           see
           a
           house
           ,
           but
           the
           South
           side
           is
           begirt
           with
           Hives
           of
           Bees
           ,
           which
           increase
           after
           an
           incredible
           manner
           :
           That
           I
           must
           needs
           say
           ,
           that
           if
           there
           be
           any
           terrestrial
           Canaan
           ,
           't
           is
           surely
           here
           ,
           where
           the
           Land
           floweth
           with
           milk
           and
           honey
           .
           The
           inhabitants
           are
           blest
           with
           Peace
           and
           plenty
           ,
           blessed
           in
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           blessed
           in
           their
           Fields
           ,
           blessed
           in
           the
           Fruit
           of
           
           their
           bodies
           ,
           in
           the
           fruit
           of
           their
           grounds
           ,
           in
           the
           increase
           of
           their
           Cattel
           ,
           Horses
           and
           Sheep
           ,
           blessed
           in
           their
           Basket
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           Store
           ;
           In
           a
           word
           ,
           blessed
           in
           whatsoever
           they
           take
           in
           hand
           ,
           or
           go
           about
           ,
           the
           Earth
           yieldieg
           plentiful
           increase
           to
           all
           their
           painful
           labours
           .
        
         
           Were
           it
           not
           to
           avoid
           prolixity
           I
           could
           say
           a
           great
           deal
           more
           ,
           and
           yet
           say
           too
           little
           ,
           how
           free
           are
           ●hose
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           from
           that
           pride
           and
           oppression
           ,
           with
           their
           miserable
           effects
           ,
           which
           many
           ,
           nay
           almost
           all
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           are
           troubled
           ,
           with
           being
           ignorant
           of
           that
           pomp
           and
           bravery
           which
           aspiring
           Humours
           are
           servants
           to
           ,
           and
           striving
           after
           almost
           every
           where
           :
           where
           a
           Waggon
           or
           Cart
           gives
           as
           good
           content
           ●s
           a
           Coach
           ;
           and
           a
           piece
           of
           their
           home
           made
           Cloth
           ,
           better
           then
           the
           finest
           Lawns
           or
           richest
           Silks
           :
           and
           though
           their
           low
           roofed
           houses
           may
           seem
           to
           shut
           their
           doors
           against
           pride
           and
           luxury
           ,
           yet
           how
           do
           they
           stand
           wide
           open
           to
           let
           charity
           in
           and
           out
           ,
           either
           to
           assist
           each
           other
           ,
           or
           relieve
           a
           stranger
           ,
           and
           the
           distance
           of
           place
           from
           other
           N●tions
           ,
           doth
           secure
           them
           from
           the
           envious
           frowns
           of
           ill-affected
           Neighbours
           ,
           and
           the
           troubles
           which
           usually
           arise
           thence
           .
        
         
           Now
           to
           conclude
           ,
           its
           possible
           some
           may
           say
           ,
           what
           needs
           a
           Rela●ion
           of
           a
           place
           o●
           so
           long
           standing
           as
           
             N●w
             Yo●k
          
           hath
           been
           ?
           In
           answer
           to
           which
           I
           have
           said
           something
           before
           ,
           as
           to
           satisfie
           the
           desires
           of
           many
           that
           never
           had
           any
           Relation
           of
           it
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           though
           it
           hath
           been
           long
           setled
           ,
           ye●
           but
           lately
           reduced
           to
           his
           Majesties
           obedience
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           but
           new
           or
           unknown
           to
           the
           English
           ;
           Else
           certainly
           those
           great
           number
           of
           Furs
           ,
           that
           have
           been
           lately
           transported
           from
           thence
           into
           Holland
           had
           never
           past
           the
           hands
           of
           our
           English
           Furriers
           :
           Thirdly
           ,
           never
           any
           Relation
           before
           was
           published
           to
           my
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           
           the
           place
           being
           capable
           of
           entertaining
           so
           great
           a
           number
           of
           inhabitants
           ,
           where
           they
           may
           with
           Gods
           blessing
           ,
           and
           their
           own
           industry
           ,
           live
           as
           happily
           as
           any
           people
           in
           the
           world
           .
           A
           true
           Relation
           was
           necessary
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           the
           encouragement
           of
           many
           that
           have
           a
           desire
           to
           remove
           themselves
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           satisfaction
           of
           others
           that
           would
           make
           a
           trade
           thither
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           The
           
             Accurate
             Accomptant
          
           or
           
             London
             Merchant
          
           ,
           Containing
           an
           Analysis
           for
           Instructions
           and
           Directions
           for
           a
           Methodical
           ke●ping
           
             Merchants
             Accompts
          
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Debitor
           and
           Creditor
           ,
           very
           useful
           for
           all
           Merchants
           or
           others
           ,
           that
           desire
           to
           learn
           or
           teach
           the
           Exact
           Method
           of
           keeping
           
             Merchants
             Accompts
          
           ,
           by
           
             Thomas
             Brown
          
           Accomptant
           ;
           To
           be
           sold
           by
           
             John
             Harcock
          
           ,
           at
           the
           first
           shop
           in
           
             Popes-Head
             Alley
          
           ,
           at
           the
           sign
           of
           the
           Three
           Bibles
           in
           Cornhil
           ,
           1670.
           
        
      
    
  

