







 
   
     
       
         Chorographia, or, A survey of Newcastle upon Tine the estate of this country under the Romans : the building of the famous wall of the Piets, by the Romans : the ancient town of Pandon : a briefe description of the town, walls, wards, churches, religious houses, streets, markets, fairs, river and commodities, with the suburbs : the ancient and present government of the town : as also, a relation of the county of Northumberland, which was the bulwark for England, against the introdes of the Scots : their many castles and towers : their ancient Cheviot-Hills, of Tinedale, and Reedsdale, with the inhabitants.
         Gray, William, fl. 1649.
      
       
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         ESTC R10141
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             Chorographia, or, A survey of Newcastle upon Tine the estate of this country under the Romans : the building of the famous wall of the Piets, by the Romans : the ancient town of Pandon : a briefe description of the town, walls, wards, churches, religious houses, streets, markets, fairs, river and commodities, with the suburbs : the ancient and present government of the town : as also, a relation of the county of Northumberland, which was the bulwark for England, against the introdes of the Scots : their many castles and towers : their ancient Cheviot-Hills, of Tinedale, and Reedsdale, with the inhabitants.
             Gray, William, fl. 1649.
          
           [8], 48 p.
           
             Printed by S.B.,
             Newcastle :
             1649.
          
           
             "To the candid reader" signed: W. G.
             Attributed to William Gray. Cf. BM.
             Reproduction of original in Harvard University Libraries.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Newcastle upon Tyne (England) -- History.
           Northumberland (England) -- History.
        
      
    
       A42127  R10141  (Wing G1975).  civilwar no Chorographia, or, A svrvey of Nevvcastle upon Tine. The estate of this country under the Romans. The building of the famous wall of the Piet Gray, William 1649    11847 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 B  The  rate of 2 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 
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             Chorographia
             ,
          
           OR
           A
           SURVEY
           OF
           NEWCASTLE
           UPON
           TINE
           .
        
         
           The
           Estate
           of
           this
           Country
           under
           the
           Romans
           .
        
         
           The
           Building
           of
           the
           famous
           Wall
           of
           the
           Picts
           ,
           by
           the
           Romans
           .
        
         
           The
           Ancient
           Town
           of
           Pandon
           .
        
         
           A
           briefe
           Description
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           Walls
           ,
           Wards
           ,
           Churches
           ,
           Religious
           Houses
           ,
           Streets
           ,
           Markets
           ,
           Fairs
           ,
           River
           and
           Commodities
           ;
           with
           the
           Suburbs
           .
        
         
           The
           ancient
           and
           present
           Government
           of
           the
           Town
           .
        
         
           AS
           ALSO
           ,
           A
           relation
           of
           the
           County
           of
           Northumberland
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           bulwark
           for
           England
           ,
           against
           the
           inrodes
           of
           the
           Scots
           .
           Their
           many
           Castles
           and
           Towers
           .
           Their
           ancient
           Families
           and
           Names
           .
           Of
           the
           Tenure
           in
           Cornage
           .
           Of
           Cheviot-Hills
           .
           Of
           Tinedale
           ,
           and
           Reedsdale
           ,
           with
           the
           Inhabitants
           .
        
         
           
             Potestas
             omnium
             ad
             Caesrem
             pertinet
             ,
             proprietas
             ad
             singulos
             .
          
        
         
           NEWCASTLE
           ,
           PRINTED
           BY
           S.
           B.
           1649.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           
             S.
             P.
             D.
          
           DILECTIS
           BURGENSIBUS
           ,
           ET
           PROBIS
           HOMINIBUS
           NOVICASTRI
           SUPER
           TINAM
           .
        
         
           
             W.
             G.
             
          
        
         
           
             
               Fortiter
               Defendit
               Triumphans
               .
            
             blazon of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
             
               Portus
               ,
               Castrum
               ,
               Carbo
               ,
               Salmo
               ,
               Salina
               ,
               Molaris
               ,
               Murus
               ,
               ●o●s
               ,
               Templum
               ,
               Schola
               sunt
               Novi
               gloria
               Castri
               .
            
          
        
      
       
       
       
         
           TO
           THE
           CANDID
           READER
           .
        
         
           EVERY
           Country
           hath
           had
           his
           Chronologer
           ,
           or
           Writer
           ,
           to
           portrait
           unto
           their
           countrymen
           their
           antiquities
           ,
           and
           noble
           acts
           .
           Greece
           had
           his
           Homer
           .
           Rome
           his
           Virgil
           .
           Our
           Britains
           had
           their
           Gildas
           .
           Saxons
           had
           their
           Beda
           .
           England
           had
           of
           late
           his
           learned
           Camden
           ,
           and
           painfull
           Speed
           ,
           to
           delineate
           and
           portrait
           unto
           their
           countrymen
           the
           antiquities
           and
           scituations
           of
           all
           shires
           in
           England
           .
           Yet
           it
           is
           impossible
           ,
           that
           any
           one
           man
           ,
           being
           never
           so
           inquisitive
           ,
           and
           laborious
           ,
           should
           attain
           unto
           the
           perfect
           knowledge
           of
           all
           passages
           ,
           in
           all
           places
           .
           I
           have
           adventured
           to
           write
           of
           the
           Antiquity
           of
           this
           Town
           and
           Country
           ,
           which
           by
           reading
           and
           experience
           ,
           I
           have
           gathered
           out
           of
           the
           ruine
           of
           Antiquity
           ;
           that
           those
           Monuments
           which
           these
           late
           warrs
           have
           obliterated
           and
           ruin'd
           ,
           may
           be
           left
           to
           posterity
           ,
           for
           tempus
           edax
           rerum
           .
           I
           find
           a
           great
           difficulty
           in
           my
           undertakings
           ,
           because
           the
           Records
           of
           this
           Country
           are
           but
           few
           ,
           and
           confused
           ,
           being
           so
           often
           infested
           by
           the
           Scots
           and
           Danes
           ,
           who
           consumed
           and
           fired
           all
           before
           them
           ,
           wheresoever
           they
           came
           .
           Questionlesse
           many
           brave
           men
           have
           lived
           in
           this
           Town
           and
           Country
           ,
           many
           memorable
           acts
           of
           Chivalry
           have
           been
           atchieved
           ;
           but
           they
           are
           all
           buried
           in
           oblivion
           .
           I
           hope
           the
           courteous
           Reader
           will
           pardon
           the
           
           faults
           committed
           herein
           ,
           Nam
           in
           priscis
           rebus
           veritas
           ,
           non
           ad
           unguem
           quaerenda
           est
           .
           Many
           errours
           ,
           many
           suppositions
           upon
           probabilities
           ,
           may
           be
           found
           in
           it
           .
           Humanum
           est
           errare
           &
           decipi
           .
           I
           have
           begun
           the
           work
           ,
           I
           hope
           some
           of
           my
           Fellow
           Burgesses
           will
           finish
           what
           I
           have
           begun
           ;
           to
           the
           everlasting
           memory
           of
           this
           famous
           town
           .
        
         
           Some
           cretiques
           have
           presumed
           to
           correct
           and
           blame
           me
           (
           with
           their
           indigested
           zeale
           ,
           and
           unknown
           enthusiastique
           knowledge
           ,
           of
           Chimoera's
           ,
           in
           their
           giddy
           pericraniums
           )
           for
           fables
           and
           errours
           ;
           as
           the
           Priest
           ,
           that
           found
           it
           written
           of
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           Demissus
           est
           per
           sportam
           ,
           mended
           his
           book
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           demissus
           est
           per
           portam
           ;
           because
           Sporta
           was
           an
           hard
           word
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           his
           reading
           .
           But
           ne
           sutor
           ultra
           crepidam
           ,
           let
           no
           man
           professe
           that
           he
           knows
           not
           .
           It
           s
           true
           ,
           He
           that
           writes
           ,
           resembleth
           a
           man
           acting
           his
           part
           upon
           a
           Theator
           or
           Stage
           ,
           where
           the
           spectators
           have
           their
           eyes
           sixing
           upon
           him
           ,
           all
           observing
           his
           gesture
           and
           words
           ;
           if
           he
           fail
           in
           either
           ,
           presently
           he
           is
           censured
           and
           condemned
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           we
           live
           in
           an
           age
           ,
           that
           Mechanicks
           will
           presume
           to
           step
           into
           Moses
           chaire
           ,
           and
           become
           politians
           to
           contradict
           and
           controle
           whatsoever
           is
           acted
           and
           done
           according
           to
           the
           laws
           divine
           and
           humane
           .
           One
           thing
           I
           desire
           of
           these
           phantastiques
           ,
           Carpere
           vel
           noli
           mea
           ,
           vel
           ede
           tun
           .
           Vale
           .
        
         
           
             W.
             G.
             
          
        
      
       
       
         
           THE
           CONTENTS
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                  
              
               
                 Fol.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 THE
                 first
                 Natives
                 of
                 this
                 Island
                 .
              
               
                 1
              
            
             
               
                 Romans
                 first
                 in
                 Britaine
                 .
              
               
                 2
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 first
                 Roman
                 Conquest
                 in
                 the
                 North
                 .
              
               
                 ibid.
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 North
                 brought
                 into
                 a
                 Roman
                 Province
                 .
              
               
                 4
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 comming
                 in
                 of
                 the
                 Saxons
                 .
              
               
                 6
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 first
                 Denominations
                 of
                 Newcastle
                 .
              
               
                 7
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Walls
                 and
                 Gates
                 of
                 Newcastle
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 built
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 8
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Bridges
                 of
                 Newcastle
                 upon
                 Tine
                 .
              
               
                 12
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Churches
                 in
                 Newcastle
                 .
              
               
                 13
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Streets
                 and
                 Buildings
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Towne
                 of
                 Pampden
                 .
              
               
                 17
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Grants
                 and
                 Charters
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
               
                 19
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 highest
                 and
                 North
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
               
                 22
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Sandhill
                 .
              
               
                 23
              
            
          
        
         
         
           
             
               
                 The
                 middle
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
               
                 25
              
            
             
               
                 Pilgrim
                 Street
                 .
              
               
                 27
              
            
             
               
                 West-Gate
                 Street
                 .
              
               
                 ibid.
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
               
                 29
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 24
                 Wards
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
               
                 31
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 River
                 Tine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Commodities
                 .
              
               
                 32
              
            
             
               
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 over
                 all
                 Nations
                 and
                 Countries
                 .
              
               
                 37
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 Newcastle
                 .
              
               
                 39
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Noble
                 and
                 Ancient
                 Families
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Castles
                 .
              
               
                 41
              
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           
             Chorographia
             ;
          
           OR
           ,
           A
           SURVEY
           OF
           NEWCASTLE
           UPON
           TYNE
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             FIRST
             NATIVES
             OF
             THIS
             ISLAND
             .
          
           
             THE
             Britains
             were
             Autochthenes
             ,
             natives
             of
             this
             Island
             ,
             for
             more
             ancient
             inhabitants
             we
             finde
             none
             .
             The
             People
             of
             this
             Nation
             is
             thought
             to
             have
             been
             descended
             from
             the
             neighbouring
             Gaules
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             ,
             Language
             ,
             and
             Manners
             .
             Their
             originall
             from
             the
             Trojans
             ,
             by
             Brute
             ,
             is
             altogether
             fabulous
             ;
             there
             being
             no
             Greek
             or
             Latine
             Authors
             ,
             or
             any
             Monument
             in
             this
             Island
             ,
             which
             makes
             mention
             hereof
             .
             Their
             Descent
             from
             the
             Gaules
             is
             more
             probable
             ,
             being
             the
             next
             parts
             of
             the
             Continent
             unto
             Britaine
             ,
             or
             their
             way
             from
             Asia
             or
             the
             East
             ,
             from
             whence
             all
             Countries
             was
             first
             peopled
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             ROMANS
             FIRST
             IN
             BRITAINE
             .
          
           
             THE
             Romans
             were
             first
             certaine
             and
             know
             Forreiners
             in
             this
             Island
             .
             C.
             J.
             Caesar
             was
             the
             first
             of
             Romans
             that
             invaded
             Britaine
             ;
             he
             having
             subdued
             the
             Nation
             of
             the
             Gaules
             ,
             made
             his
             journey
             into
             Britaine
             ,
             Cassivellanus
             reigning
             King
             .
             Some
             Victories
             he
             atchieved
             ,
             some
             Hostages
             he
             took
             ;
             imposed
             a
             Tribute
             upon
             the
             Nation
             ,
             and
             so
             returned
             into
             the
             Continent
             ;
             he
             made
             no
             Conquest
             of
             them
             ,
             but
             discovered
             them
             to
             Posterity
             .
          
           
             A
             long
             time
             after
             ,
             the
             Roman
             Emperour
             Claudius
             ,
             sent
             Aulus
             Plantius
             hither
             ,
             accompanied
             by
             two
             Brethren
             .
             Sabinus
             Vespasian
             ,
             who
             made
             warre
             against
             the
             Britains
             ,
             vanquished
             them
             in
             severall
             Fights
             ,
             took
             Camalodunum
             ,
             the
             chiefe
             seat
             of
             their
             Kings
             ,
             and
             their
             King
             took
             prisoner
             ,
             planted
             a
             Colony
             at
             Camalodunum
             ,
             (
             now
             Maldon
             in
             Essex
             )
             and
             reduced
             the
             higher
             or
             South
             parts
             of
             Britaine
             into
             the
             forme
             of
             a
             Roman
             Province
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             FIRST
             ROMAN
             CONQUEST
             IN
             THE
             NORTH
             .
          
           
             IN
             the
             Yeare
             of
             Vespasian
             ,
             the
             great
             and
             populous
             Nation
             of
             the
             Brigantes
             are
             warred
             upon
             ,
             and
             in
             part
             overcome
             .
             These
             Brigantes
             containeth
             all
             the
             Country
             
             North
             of
             Humber
             to
             the
             river
             of
             Tine
             and
             Picts
             Wall
             ,
             called
             lower
             Britaine
             .
          
           
             Julius
             Agricola
             in
             the
             Reigne
             of
             Domitian
             ,
             set
             limits
             here
             to
             the
             Romane
             greatnesse
             ,
             and
             extended
             it
             Northward
             into
             the
             Seas
             and
             Friths
             of
             Dunbriton
             and
             Edenbrough
             in
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             The
             Emperour
             Adrian
             ,
             not
             long
             after
             ,
             removed
             the
             Pale
             more
             Southward
             ,
             and
             the
             better
             to
             keep
             out
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             drew
             a
             Trench
             and
             Wall
             of
             Turfes
             crosse
             the
             Land
             ,
             betwixt
             the
             two
             Seas
             .
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Britains
             being
             continually
             molested
             by
             often
             incursions
             of
             the
             barbarous
             People
             called
             Caledonii
             ,
             or
             Picts
             ,
             who
             brake
             down
             the
             Sodd
             Wall
             ,
             harrying
             and
             spoiling
             this
             Country
             .
             Which
             moved
             the
             Emperour
             Severus
             to
             build
             a
             Wall
             of
             Stone
             ,
             with
             great
             wisedome
             and
             industry
             ,
             to
             strengthen
             this
             Northerne
             Parts
             of
             Britaine
             ,
             against
             the
             many
             inrodes
             of
             the
             barbarous
             Picts
             :
             At
             every
             miles
             end
             of
             this
             wall
             was
             a
             Tower
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             wall
             a
             Pipe
             of
             Mettall
             betwixt
             the
             Tower
             or
             Sentinell
             Houses
             ,
             that
             so
             soone
             as
             a
             man
             had
             set
             his
             mouth
             to
             this
             Pipe
             they
             might
             heare
             through
             all
             the
             Sentinells
             ,
             where
             the
             Enemy
             were
             ,
             and
             so
             ,
             in
             a
             short
             time
             ,
             giving
             warning
             from
             one
             end
             of
             the
             wall
             to
             the
             other
             .
             One
             of
             these
             Towers
             remaineth
             whole
             in
             the
             Towne
             wall
             of
             Newcastle
             in
             Pampden
             ,
             older
             then
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Towers
             ,
             and
             after
             another
             fashion
             ,
             standing
             out
             of
             the
             wall
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             THE
             NORTH
             BROUGHT
             INTO
             A
             ROMAN
             PROVINCE
             .
          
           
             AT
             this
             same
             time
             began
             this
             Country
             to
             flourish
             ,
             (
             being
             reduced
             into
             a
             Roman
             Province
             )
             to
             be
             civilized
             to
             learne
             Roman
             Letters
             ,
             habits
             and
             manners
             ;
             for
             before
             this
             time
             ,
             the
             inhabitants
             went
             naked
             ,
             had
             no
             houses
             to
             live
             in
             ,
             neither
             did
             they
             till
             the
             ground
             ,
             (
             as
             one
             writeth
             )
             De
             praeda
             &
             venatione
             frondibusque
             arborum
             vivunt
             ;
             degunt
             in
             tentoriis
             nudi
             &
             sine
             calceis
             .
             
               Xiphilin
               .
            
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             had
             the
             presence
             of
             the
             Emperours
             of
             Rome
             ;
             Yorke
             a
             Municipium
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             the
             seat
             of
             their
             Emperours
             during
             the
             time
             of
             their
             abode
             in
             this
             Island
             ,
             attending
             the
             warres
             of
             the
             Picts
             and
             Caleedonians
             ,
             famous
             for
             the
             death
             and
             funeral
             exequies
             of
             the
             Emperour
             Severus
             and
             Constantius
             ,
             and
             the
             happy
             Inauguration
             of
             Constantine
             the
             Great
             ,
             sonne
             to
             Constantius
             ,
             here
             beginning
             his
             Reigne
             over
             the
             Roman
             and
             Christian
             world
             .
          
           
             I
             finde
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             many
             places
             in
             Northumberland
             that
             was
             their
             stations
             about
             this
             famous
             wall
             ,
             called
             sometimes
             ,
             Vallum
             ,
             a
             Rampire
             ;
             sometimes
             ,
             Murus
             Pictious
             ,
             or
             Murus
             Severi
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             remarkeable
             is
             upon
             the
             Tine-West-Hexam
             ,
             called
             of
             old
             Axelodunum
             ,
             the
             station
             of
             the
             first
             Cohort
             of
             Spaniards
             ,
             a
             Bishops
             Sea
             under
             the
             Saxons
             .
             Corebridge
             
             Curia
             of
             Ptolemy
             ,
             a
             city
             of
             the
             Otadeni
             .
             Prudo
             Castle
             ,
             the
             station
             of
             the
             first
             Cohort
             of
             the
             Batavi
             .
             Sighhill
             ,
             of
             old
             called
             Segedunum
             ,
             the
             station
             of
             the
             fourth
             Cohort
             ,
             named
             of
             the
             Lergi
             .
             Pons
             Aelii
             ,
             the
             station
             of
             a
             Cohort
             of
             Cornavii
             ,
             now
             Ponteland
             .
             Gabrosentum
             ,
             the
             station
             of
             the
             second
             Cohort
             of
             the
             Thracians
             ,
             probably
             (
             saith
             my
             Author
             
               *
            
             Newcastle
             upon
             Tine
             .
             Pampden
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             probably
             a
             station
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             having
             an
             ancient
             Roman
             Tower
             ,
             and
             another
             ancient
             building
             called
             the
             Wall-Knowle
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             .
             This
             Towne
             of
             Pampden
             is
             very
             ancient
             :
             probable
             some
             building
             was
             erected
             here
             in
             this
             place
             to
             their
             great
             god
             Pantheon
             ;
             this
             Wall
             being
             the
             outmost
             confines
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             called
             now
             Pandon
             .
             I
             finde
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             that
             had
             a
             house
             in
             Pampden
             ,
             which
             we
             call
             now
             Pandon-Hall
             ;
             an
             ancient
             old
             building
             and
             Seat
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumberland
             .
          
           
             Tunnocellum
             the
             station
             of
             the
             first
             Cohort
             ,
             named
             Aelia
             Classica
             ,
             now
             Tinemouth
             ,
             at
             the
             mouth
             of
             Tine
             .
             There
             is
             a
             Village
             neere
             Newcastle
             called
             Hetton
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             an
             old
             Roman
             Tower
             ,
             probably
             named
             from
             the
             Proconsull
             Aetius
             ,
             who
             was
             sent
             from
             Rome
             into
             these
             Parts
             ;
             whom
             the
             Britains
             petitioned
             for
             help
             in
             these
             words
             ,
             Aetio
             ter
             Consuli
             gemitus
             Britannorum
             ,
             &c.
             
             Repellunt
             nos
             barbari
             ad
             Mare
             ,
             repellit
             Mare
             ad
             barbaros
             ,
             
             inter
             hac
             oriuntur
             duo
             genera
             funerum
             ,
             aut
             jugulamur
             ,
             aut
             mergimur
             .
             
               Beda
               .
            
             When
             the
             Romans
             had
             their
             Empire
             much
             weakened
             by
             their
             own
             discords
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             irruptions
             of
             the
             Gothes
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             Proconsull
             Aetius
             was
             forced
             to
             retire
             their
             Legions
             from
             the
             Northerne
             parts
             ;
             so
             leaving
             the
             Country
             naked
             ,
             the
             Picts
             did
             breake
             in
             ,
             who
             most
             miserably
             wasted
             and
             spoyled
             the
             Countrey
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             COMMING
             IN
             OF
             THE
             SAXONS
             .
          
           
             THUS
             Britaine
             became
             a
             prey
             againe
             to
             the
             Picts
             ;
             when
             the
             Britains
             had
             despaired
             of
             Romane
             help
             ,
             they
             sent
             into
             Germany
             to
             crave
             help
             of
             a
             People
             called
             Saxons
             ,
             who
             entered
             and
             inhabited
             Britaine
             to
             their
             ayde
             against
             the
             Picts
             .
          
           
             The
             Picts
             being
             vanquished
             and
             overthrowne
             ,
             through
             their
             valour
             ;
             possessed
             themselves
             of
             this
             North
             Kingdome
             upon
             the
             driving
             out
             of
             the
             Native
             Britains
             .
             The
             victorious
             Sexons
             erected
             their
             Heptarchy
             ,
             or
             seven
             severall
             Kingdomes
             .
          
           
             The
             Kingdome
             of
             Northumbers
             was
             the
             most
             spacious
             ,
             populous
             ,
             and
             victorious
             Kingdome
             against
             the
             Picts
             or
             Scots
             ,
             untill
             the
             Danes
             invaded
             these
             Northerne
             parts
             ,
             and
             broke
             out
             like
             a
             violent
             thunder-clap
             on
             the
             Northumbers
             ,
             and
             put
             the
             English
             Saxons
             to
             
             much
             slavery
             and
             bondage
             many
             yeares
             ,
             untill
             they
             were
             expelled
             by
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             The
             Kingdome
             of
             Northumbers
             being
             in
             Peace
             ,
             began
             to
             build
             and
             erect
             many
             strong
             Castles
             for
             defence
             ,
             against
             the
             Scots
             and
             Picts
             ,
             as
             Dunstonbrough
             Castle
             ,
             Bambrough
             ,
             Alnewicke
             ,
             Morpeth
             and
             Tinemouth
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             Seats
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumbers
             .
          
           
             In
             time
             of
             this
             Heptarchy
             ,
             many
             famous
             Monasteries
             were
             erected
             ,
             viz.
             Hexam
             made
             a
             Bishops
             Sea
             under
             the
             Saxons
             ;
             many
             erected
             in
             this
             Towne
             of
             Newcastle
             and
             Pandon
             .
             Some
             of
             their
             Kings
             were
             interred
             in
             Saint
             Augustines
             Friers
             ,
             now
             called
             the
             Mannors
             .
             The
             upper
             Part
             and
             West
             was
             called
             Monk
             Chester
             before
             the
             Conquest
             ;
             a
             place
             wholly
             dedicated
             to
             Devotion
             and
             Religion
             .
             Chester
             signifies
             a
             bulwarke
             ,
             or
             place
             of
             defence
             ;
             which
             sheweth
             that
             in
             ancient
             time
             ,
             under
             the
             Saxons
             ,
             it
             had
             been
             a
             place
             of
             Fortification
             for
             Religious
             men
             that
             lived
             in
             Monasteries
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             FIRST
             DENOMINATIONS
             OF
             NEWCASTLE
             .
          
           
             AFTER
             the
             Conquest
             it
             got
             the
             name
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             by
             the
             New-Castle
             ,
             which
             Robert
             de
             Curtois
             sonne
             of
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             built
             there
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             against
             the
             neighbouring
             Scots
             .
          
           
           
             This
             Towne
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             and
             Towne
             of
             Pampden
             made
             one
             Towne
             ,
             by
             the
             Grants
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             being
             in
             old
             time
             belonging
             to
             the
             County
             of
             Northumberland
             .
          
           
             This
             Towne
             of
             Newcastle
             is
             seated
             upon
             the
             Picts
             wall
             and
             side
             of
             a
             steep
             hill
             ,
             upon
             the
             North
             side
             of
             the
             River
             Tine
             ;
             The
             Picts
             wall
             came
             through
             the
             West-Gate
             ,
             Saint
             Nicholas
             Church
             through
             Pampden
             ;
             then
             to
             the
             Towne
             East
             ,
             called
             Wallsend
             .
          
           
             The
             bounds
             of
             the
             Towne
             upon
             the
             West
             the
             Lands
             belonging
             to
             the
             Priour
             of
             Tinemouth
             ;
             On
             the
             North
             ,
             the
             Towne
             Moore
             ,
             as
             some
             say
             ,
             the
             gift
             of
             Adam
             de
             Athell
             of
             Gesmond
             ;
             Upon
             the
             East
             ,
             the
             Land
             of
             Biker
             ;
             Upon
             the
             South
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             .
             Gateside
             in
             the
             County
             Palatine
             of
             Durham
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             WALLS
             AND
             GATES
             OF
             NEWCASTLE
             ,
             AND
             WHO
             BUILT
             THEM
             .
          
           
             THE
             Towne
             of
             Newcastle
             is
             environed
             about
             with
             a
             strong
             thick
             stone
             wall
             ,
             having
             seven
             Gates
             or
             Ports
             ,
             with
             many
             round
             Towers
             and
             square
             Turrets
             .
             These
             Walls
             began
             to
             be
             built
             in
             King
             Johns
             Reigne
             ,
             the
             North
             part
             of
             the
             Wall
             at
             Newgate
             .
             The
             West
             part
             of
             the
             Towne
             in
             King
             Henry
             the
             third's
             reigne
             .
             Pandon
             Gate
             and
             the
             East
             and
             South
             of
             the
             Townes
             Wall
             ,
             builded
             
             in
             Edward
             the
             first
             his
             Reigne
             ,
             and
             so
             continued
             building
             ,
             untill
             it
             was
             finished
             .
             The
             Towne
             is
             two
             miles
             in
             circuit
             ,
             with
             trenches
             in
             the
             out-side
             of
             the
             Wall
             ,
             rampered
             within
             with
             earth
             .
          
           
             The
             cause
             that
             moved
             them
             in
             those
             dayes
             to
             build
             this
             great
             Wall
             ,
             was
             the
             often
             invasions
             of
             the
             Scot
             ;
             into
             this
             place
             and
             Country
             ;
             they
             were
             continually
             infesting
             and
             sorraigning
             this
             Country
             ,
             and
             rich
             Monasteries
             in
             these
             Northerne
             parts
             ;
             the
             Religious
             Houses
             of
             this
             Towne
             ,
             and
             adjacent
             ,
             being
             above
             forty
             houses
             ,
             which
             hath
             been
             dedicated
             to
             pious
             uses
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             a
             rich
             man
             (
             in
             Edward
             the
             first's
             Reigne
             )
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             that
             was
             taken
             prisoner
             out
             of
             his
             house
             ,
             and
             carried
             into
             Scotland
             ,
             ransomed
             and
             brought
             home
             ;
             which
             act
             moved
             the
             Townes-men
             and
             Burgesses
             ,
             and
             the
             religious
             men
             therein
             ,
             to
             contribute
             towards
             the
             building
             of
             these
             Walls
             .
          
           
             The
             question
             is
             ,
             who
             builded
             these
             walls
             ?
             Some
             are
             of
             opinion
             that
             King
             John
             builded
             it
             ;
             others
             Roger
             de
             Thornton
             .
             King
             John
             gave
             many
             priviledges
             to
             this
             Towne
             ,
             and
             probably
             ,
             the
             New-Gate
             and
             Walls
             thereabout
             ,
             was
             built
             in
             his
             time
             :
             that
             North
             part
             of
             the
             Wall
             being
             the
             ouldest
             ,
             and
             of
             another
             fashion
             then
             the
             the
             other
             Walls
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Thornton
             ,
             who
             lived
             in
             Henry
             the
             6
             dayes
             ,
             all
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             Towne
             was
             finished
             :
             it
             is
             probable
             that
             Thornton
             builded
             the
             West-Gate
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             strong
             
             and
             faire
             Gate
             ,
             in
             memory
             that
             he
             came
             from
             the
             West
             Country
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             old
             saying
             ,
             
               
                 In
                 at
                 the
                 West-Gate
                 came
                 Thornton
                 in
                 ,
              
               
                 With
                 a
                 hap
                 and
                 a
                 halfe-penny
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Lambe
                 skin
                 .
              
            
          
           
             The
             Walls
             and
             Gates
             was
             builded
             by
             severall
             Persons
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             names
             of
             the
             round
             Towers
             doth
             appeare
             .
             Some
             of
             them
             was
             builded
             by
             the
             Fryers
             and
             Monasteries
             that
             did
             dwell
             in
             the
             Towne
             ,
             as
             the
             White
             ,
             Blacke
             ,
             Gray
             ,
             and
             Austine
             Fryers
             .
             Others
             ,
             named
             Durham
             and
             Carlile
             Towers
             .
             Others
             by
             Noblemen
             and
             Gentry
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             as
             Nevils
             Tower
             ,
             adjoyning
             to
             his
             house
             in
             West-Gate
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             seven
             Ports
             or
             Gates
             in
             Newcastle
             ,
             beside
             Posterne
             Gates
             ,
             which
             belonged
             to
             the
             religious
             Houses
             .
             In
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             Towne
             upon
             the
             River
             is
             many
             little
             Gates
             to
             that
             famous
             long
             Key
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             West
             is
             Close-Gate
             ,
             called
             so
             from
             a
             street
             called
             the
             Close
             ,
             which
             goeth
             up
             the
             water
             ,
             to
             a
             place
             of
             recreation
             ,
             called
             the
             Forth
             ,
             given
             to
             the
             Towne
             for
             good
             services
             performed
             by
             the
             Burgesses
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             In
             Edward
             the
             S.
             Reigne
             ,
             three
             hundred
             valiant
             Men
             issued
             out
             of
             the
             Towne
             ,
             through
             a
             Posterne
             Gate
             ,
             came
             suddenly
             in
             the
             night
             upon
             a
             great
             Army
             of
             the
             Scots
             ,
             which
             lay
             in
             that
             part
             West
             of
             the
             Towne
             ;
             raysed
             
             the
             Army
             of
             the
             Scots
             ,
             put
             them
             to
             flight
             ,
             and
             took
             Earle
             Morray
             prisoner
             in
             his
             tent
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             next
             West
             is
             West-Gate
             ,
             a
             stately
             and
             faire
             Gate
             ,
             builded
             by
             Roger
             de
             Thorneton
             ,
             a
             rich
             man
             that
             lived
             in
             Hen.
             the
             6.
             dayes
             ,
             the
             high
             way
             West
             into
             Northumberland
             and
             Cumberland
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Is
             New-Gate
             ,
             the
             ancient
             and
             strongest
             of
             all
             the
             Ports
             ,
             having
             a
             causey
             that
             leadeth
             to
             the
             Towne-Moore
             ,
             and
             towards
             the
             north
             parts
             of
             Northumberland
             and
             Scotland
             .
             Now
             a
             Prison
             for
             Debtors
             and
             Felons
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Pilgrim-Street
             Gate
             ;
             so
             called
             because
             of
             Pilgrims
             lodging
             in
             that
             Street
             ;
             and
             went
             out
             of
             that
             Gate
             to
             the
             Shrine
             of
             the
             Virgin
             Mary
             in
             Gesmond
             ;
             to
             which
             place
             ,
             with
             great
             confluence
             and
             devotion
             ,
             people
             came
             from
             all
             parts
             of
             this
             land
             ,
             in
             that
             time
             of
             Superstition
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Pandon-Gate
             ,
             so
             called
             from
             the
             ancient
             Towne
             of
             Pampeden
             ,
             where
             was
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             ,
             and
             a
             Roman
             Tower
             ,
             lately
             decayed
             ;
             out
             of
             which
             Wall
             is
             a
             Causey
             that
             goeth
             into
             a
             place
             of
             recreation
             and
             perambulation
             ,
             called
             the
             Shields-Field
             ;
             and
             a
             way
             to
             a
             Village
             ,
             called
             the
             Walls-End
             ;
             by
             Beda
             ,
             Villa
             ad
             Murum
             ,
             and
             so
             into
             Tinemouthshire
             .
          
           
           
             6.
             
             East
             of
             the
             Towne
             is
             Sand-Gate
             ,
             built
             upon
             the
             river
             side
             .
             Without
             this
             Gate
             is
             many
             Houses
             ,
             and
             populous
             ,
             all
             along
             the
             water
             side
             ;
             where
             Shipwrights
             ,
             Sea-men
             ,
             and
             Keel-men
             most
             live
             ,
             that
             are
             imployed
             about
             Ships
             and
             Keels
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             BRIDGES
             OF
             NEWCASTLE
             UPON
             TINE
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             THE
             Bridge
             of
             this
             Tower
             ,
             over
             the
             River
             Tine
             ,
             consisteth
             of
             Arches
             ,
             high
             and
             broad
             ,
             having
             many
             Houses
             and
             Shops
             upon
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             and
             three
             Towers
             upon
             it
             :
             the
             first
             on
             the
             South
             side
             ,
             the
             second
             in
             the
             middle
             ,
             and
             the
             third
             in
             Newcastle
             side
             ,
             lately
             built
             upon
             an
             Arch
             in
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             used
             for
             a
             Magazine
             for
             the
             Towne
             ,
             and
             an
             old
             Chappell
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             a
             blew
             Stone
             about
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             bounds
             of
             Newcastle
             Southward
             ,
             from
             Gateside
             in
             the
             County
             Palatine
             of
             Durham
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             a
             strange
             accident
             upon
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             hapned
             to
             an
             Alderman
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             looking
             over
             the
             Bridge
             into
             the
             River
             ,
             with
             his
             hands
             over
             ;
             his
             gould
             ring
             fell
             off
             his
             finger
             into
             the
             water
             ;
             which
             was
             given
             for
             lost
             .
             It
             chanced
             that
             one
             of
             his
             servants
             bought
             a
             Salmon
             in
             the
             Market
             ,
             opening
             the
             belly
             of
             the
             Fish
             ,
             found
             his
             Masters
             ring
             in
             the
             guts
             .
          
           
             The
             other
             Bridge
             within
             the
             Towne
             is
             the
             upper
             and
             
             neather
             Deane
             Bridge
             ;
             under
             the
             last
             Bridge
             came
             Boats
             up
             from
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             came
             over
             that
             Bridge
             ,
             and
             so
             along
             into
             Pandon
             .
          
           
             The
             Stocke
             Bridge
             in
             Pampeden
             ,
             where
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             the
             ancient
             Market
             for
             Fish
             ;
             where
             Boats
             came
             up
             from
             the
             River
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             CHURCHES
             IN
             NEWCASTLE
             .
          
           
             THERE
             is
             foure
             Churches
             and
             Parishes
             in
             this
             Towne
             .
             The
             first
             is
             Saint
             Nicholas
             ,
             in
             the
             mid'st
             of
             the
             Towne
             ;
             a
             long
             faire
             ,
             and
             high
             Church
             ,
             having
             a
             stately
             high
             stone
             Steeple
             ,
             with
             many
             pinakles
             ;
             a
             stately
             stone
             Lantherne
             ,
             standing
             upon
             foure
             stone
             Arches
             ,
             builded
             by
             Robert
             de
             Rhodes
             ,
             Lord
             Priour
             of
             Tinemouth
             ,
             in
             Henry
             6.
             dayes
             :
             It
             lifteth
             up
             a
             head
             of
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             high
             above
             the
             rest
             ,
             as
             the
             Cypresse
             Tree
             above
             the
             low
             Shrubs
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     BEN
                     .
                     JOHNSON
                     .
                  
                   
                     My
                     Altitude
                     high
                     ,
                     my
                     Body
                     foure
                     square
                     ,
                  
                   
                     My
                     Foot
                     in
                     the
                     Grave
                     ,
                     my
                     Head
                     in
                     the
                     Ayre
                     ,
                  
                   
                     My
                     Eyes
                     in
                     my
                     sides
                     ,
                     five
                     Tongues
                     in
                     my
                     Wombe
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Thirteen
                     Heads
                     upon
                     my
                     Body
                     ,
                     foure
                     Images
                     alone
                     ;
                  
                   
                     I
                     can
                     direct
                     you
                     where
                     the
                     Winde
                     doth
                     stay
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     I
                     tune
                     Gods
                     Precepts
                     thrice
                     a
                     Day
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     am
                     seen
                     where
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     heard
                     where
                     I
                     is
                     not
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Tell
                     me
                     now
                     what
                     I
                     am
                     ,
                     and
                     see
                     that
                     you
                     misse
                     not
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
           
             In
             this
             Church
             is
             many
             porches
             ,
             especially
             Saint
             Georges
             ,
             or
             the
             Kings
             porch
             ;
             built
             by
             some
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             this
             land
             .
          
           
             In
             it
             are
             many
             sumptuous
             windowes
             ;
             that
             in
             the
             East
             surpasseth
             all
             the
             rest
             in
             height
             ,
             largenesse
             ,
             and
             beauty
             ,
             where
             the
             twelve
             Apostles
             ,
             seven
             deeds
             of
             Charity
             ,
             &c.
             built
             by
             Roger
             de
             Thornton
             ,
             (
             a
             great
             benefactor
             of
             this
             Towne
             )
             with
             this
             inscription
             ,
             Orate
             pro
             anima
             Rogeri
             de
             Thornton
             ,
             &
             pro
             animabus
             Filiorum
             &
             Filiarum
          
           
             In
             the
             North
             part
             of
             the
             same
             is
             a
             Shrine
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             Perey
             Earle
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             who
             was
             killed
             by
             the
             hands
             of
             Rebells
             in
             Yorkeshire
             ,
             gathering
             up
             a
             Subsidy
             ;
             he
             was
             buried
             at
             Beverley
             ,
             and
             this
             made
             in
             memory
             of
             him
             in
             his
             owne
             countrey
             ,
             he
             having
             a
             house
             in
             this
             Towne
             and
             Parish
             ;
             and
             other
             noblemen
             ,
             and
             gentry
             had
             in
             those
             dayes
             in
             this
             Towne
             .
             Orate
             pro
             anima
             Henrici
             Perey
             4.
             
             Northumbriae
             ,
             qui
             per
             Rebellium
             manus
             occubuit
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             South
             part
             of
             the
             middle
             of
             this
             Church
             ,
             under
             a
             Window
             ,
             is
             an
             ancient
             Tombe
             of
             a
             warre-like
             Gentleman
             ,
             lying
             with
             his
             legges
             a
             crosse
             his
             Escutcheon
             of
             Armes
             ,
             and
             Sword
             ;
             after
             the
             fashion
             in
             those
             dayes
             were
             they
             onely
             interred
             ,
             who
             took
             upon
             them
             the
             crosse
             ,
             and
             were
             marked
             with
             the
             badge
             of
             the
             crosse
             ,
             for
             sacred
             warre-fare
             ,
             to
             recover
             the
             Holy
             Land
             from
             the
             Turks
             .
          
           
           
             In
             the
             Quire
             and
             walks
             about
             it
             is
             many
             faire
             Monuments
             ,
             Tombes
             ,
             and
             Marble-Stones
             of
             Majors
             of
             this
             Towne
             ,
             their
             names
             and
             armes
             engraven
             in
             stone
             ,
             with
             their
             titles
             of
             (
             sometime
             Major
             of
             Newcastle
             )
             honours
             ;
             not
             one
             word
             of
             their
             good
             deeds
             ;
             their
             generations
             and
             names
             are
             worne
             out
             .
             Onely
             that
             thriee
             noble
             Major
             ,
             Master
             Robert
             Anderson
             ,
             whose
             memory
             will
             continue
             untill
             there
             be
             no
             more
             time
             ;
             Aere
             vel
             marmore
             perennius
             ,
             viz.
             His
             gift
             of
             twenty
             pound
             per
             annum
             for
             ever
             ,
             to
             the
             foure
             Churches
             in
             Newcastle
             .
             
               Dignum
               laude
               Virum
               ,
               Musa
               vetat
               Mori
               .
            
          
           
             There
             is
             a
             Tombe
             (
             as
             is
             reported
             )
             belonging
             to
             the
             Fitz-Williams
             not
             placed
             ,
             who
             going
             Embassador
             into
             Scotland
             ,
             dyed
             ,
             and
             was
             interred
             in
             Saint
             Nicholas
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Is
             Allhallowes
             ,
             omnium
             animarum
             ,
             Panton
             theon
             ,
             from
             the
             ancient
             name
             of
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Towne
             Pampeden
             ;
             having
             a
             broad
             and
             square
             Church
             ,
             and
             more
             populous
             then
             all
             the
             three
             other
             Parishes
             ,
             and
             able
             to
             contain
             more
             people
             then
             the
             rest
             ,
             having
             three
             Galleries
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             few
             Monuments
             or
             Tombes
             in
             it
             .
             Onely
             one
             stately
             Tombe
             of
             that
             worthy
             benefactor
             ,
             Roger
             de
             Thornton
             ,
             having
             a
             large
             jet
             stone
             ,
             curiously
             ingraven
             with
             his
             Armes
             ,
             and
             the
             Armes
             of
             that
             noble
             Family
             
             of
             the
             Lord
             Lumley
             ,
             who
             married
             a
             daughter
             of
             Thorntons
             .
             He
             dyed
             in
             the
             Reigne
             of
             Henry
             the
             seventh
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             one
             Thomas
             Smith
             ,
             Shipwright
             ,
             of
             this
             Parish
             ,
             that
             gave
             foure
             pound
             eighteen
             shillings
             ten
             pence
             ,
             yearly
             ,
             for
             ever
             ,
             to
             the
             distressed
             poor
             of
             that
             Parish
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Church
             is
             Saint
             Johns
             ,
             a
             pretty
             little
             Church
             ,
             commended
             by
             an
             Arch-Prelate
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ;
             because
             it
             resembleth
             much
             a
             Crosse
             .
             In
             this
             Parish
             the
             Earles
             of
             Westmorland
             had
             his
             house
             ,
             as
             others
             ;
             good
             benefactors
             to
             this
             Towne
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Saint
             Andrews
             ,
             the
             ancientest
             of
             all
             the
             foure
             ,
             as
             appeareth
             by
             the
             old
             building
             and
             fashion
             of
             the
             Church
             .
             In
             it
             is
             to
             be
             seen
             a
             pardon
             of
             a
             Pope
             for
             nine
             thousand
             yeares
             to
             come
             .
          
           
             Likewise
             there
             is
             an
             ancient
             large
             Stone
             of
             one
             Adam
             de
             Athell
             of
             Gesmund
             ,
             with
             this
             inscription
             ,
             hic
             jacot
             Dominus
             Adamaus
             de
             Athel
             ,
             Miles
             qui
             obiit
             ,
             Anno
             ,
             1887.
             
          
           
             The
             Parson
             of
             the
             Towne
             is
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Carlile
             ,
             who
             hath
             his
             Vicar
             or
             Substitute
             ,
             and
             a
             faire
             old
             house
             belonging
             to
             the
             Vicar
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             THE
             STREETS
             AND
             BUILDINGS
             OF
             THE
             ANCIENT
             TOWNE
             OF
             PAMPDEN
             .
          
           
             I
             COME
             ,
             in
             the
             next
             place
             ,
             to
             describe
             every
             part
             of
             this
             Towne
             ,
             what
             it
             was
             in
             the
             times
             of
             the
             Heptarchy
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             in
             after
             succeeding
             ages
             .
          
           
             First
             of
             Pampeden
             ,
             alias
             Pantheon
             ,
             It
             hath
             retained
             his
             name
             ,
             without
             much
             alteration
             ,
             since
             the
             Romans
             recided
             in
             it
             .
             After
             the
             departure
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumberland
             kept
             their
             recidence
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             had
             their
             house
             ,
             now
             called
             Pandon-Hall
             .
             It
             was
             a
             safe
             bulwarke
             ,
             having
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             on
             the
             North
             side
             ,
             and
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             on
             the
             South
             .
             This
             place
             of
             Pandon
             is
             of
             such
             antiquitie
             ,
             that
             if
             a
             man
             would
             expresse
             any
             ancient
             thing
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             common
             proverb
             ,
             As
             old
             as
             Pandon
             .
             In
             it
             is
             many
             ancient
             buildings
             ,
             houses
             and
             streets
             ;
             Some
             Gentlemen
             of
             Northumberland
             had
             their
             houses
             in
             it
             .
             There
             is
             an
             ancient
             place
             called
             the
             Wall-Knowle
             ,
             called
             since
             ,
             Saint
             Michael
             upon
             the
             Wall-Knowle
             ,
             having
             a
             high
             and
             strong
             Tower
             ,
             now
             called
             the
             Carpenters-Tower
             ,
             adjoyning
             to
             that
             place
             upon
             the
             Town-Wall
             .
             There
             is
             below
             ,
             towards
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             ,
             an
             ancient
             Religious
             House
             ,
             called
             Trinity-House
             ,
             (
             not
             many
             houses
             in
             England
             named
             by
             that
             name
             )
             now
             converted
             to
             another
             use
             ,
             
             for
             the
             Masters
             of
             Trinity-House
             ,
             which
             have
             many
             priviledges
             and
             immunities
             granted
             unto
             them
             for
             services
             done
             by
             sea
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             part
             of
             the
             Town
             of
             Pandon
             ,
             below
             ,
             is
             many
             narrow
             Streets
             or
             Chaires
             ,
             and
             ancient
             buildings
             ;
             through
             the
             midst
             of
             it
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             flows
             and
             ebbs
             ,
             and
             a
             Burne
             runs
             ,
             called
             Pandon-burne
             .
             This
             place
             ,
             called
             the
             Burne-Banek
             ,
             stands
             very
             low
             ;
             It
             is
             recorded
             ,
             that
             in
             Edward
             the
             thirds
             time
             an
             hundred
             and
             forty
             houses
             was
             drowned
             by
             overflowing
             of
             water
             ;
             ●ince
             the
             houses
             towards
             the
             Key
             side
             are
             heightned
             with
             ballist
             ,
             and
             a
             high
             stone
             Wall
             ,
             without
             which
             Wall
             is
             a
             long
             and
             broad
             Whars
             or
             Key
             ,
             which
             hindereth
             the
             like
             inundation
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             upper
             part
             of
             this
             Pandon
             is
             an
             ancient
             Religious
             House
             ,
             founded
             by
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             now
             called
             the
             Mannours
             ,
             (
             formerly
             Saint
             Augustine
             Friers
             )
             where
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumberland
             was
             enterred
             ;
             since
             ,
             in
             succeeding
             ages
             ,
             inlarged
             and
             beautified
             with
             stately
             buildings
             ,
             Cloysters
             ,
             and
             a
             faire
             Church
             .
             The
             kings
             of
             England
             ,
             since
             the
             Conquest
             ,
             kept
             house
             in
             it
             ,
             when
             they
             came
             with
             an
             Army
             Royall
             against
             Scotland
             ;
             and
             since
             the
             suppression
             of
             Monasteries
             ,
             made
             a
             Magazine
             and
             Storehouse
             for
             the
             North
             parts
             .
             Now
             of
             late
             that
             princely
             fabrick
             demolished
             and
             layd
             levell
             with
             the
             ground
             .
             The
             pride
             ,
             covetousnesse
             ,
             luxury
             ,
             and
             idolatry
             of
             these
             houses
             brought
             a
             sudden
             ruine
             upon
             themselves
             and
             houses
             .
          
           
           
             In
             this
             place
             of
             Pandon
             is
             a
             Bridge
             called
             Stock-Bridge
             ,
             where
             Fishers
             come
             up
             with
             their
             fish
             ,
             and
             sould
             them
             here
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             GRANTS
             AND
             CHARTERS
             TO
             THE
             TOWNE
             .
          
           
             THE
             antiquity
             of
             this
             Towne
             is
             known
             to
             be
             from
             that
             time
             ,
             that
             the
             Romans
             had
             command
             in
             the
             Northern
             parts
             ,
             who
             built
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             .
             After
             their
             departure
             the
             Saxons
             became
             masters
             of
             this
             countrey
             ;
             then
             the
             Danes
             .
             The
             Danes
             being
             vanquished
             and
             expelled
             this
             land
             ,
             the
             English
             enjoyed
             it
             ,
             untill
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             made
             all
             England
             vassals
             ,
             and
             obey
             his
             Norman
             laws
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             .
             King
             William
             overthrew
             the
             Northern
             forces
             in
             Gateside-Foil
             ,
             neer
             Newcastle
             .
             Since
             which
             time
             ,
             great
             is
             the
             priviledges
             that
             Kings
             and
             Princes
             hath
             endowed
             this
             Town
             with
             .
          
           
             Robert
             sonne
             of
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             built
             the
             Castle
             ,
             called
             New-Castle
             ,
             against
             the
             often
             inrodes
             of
             our
             neighbouring
             Scots
             .
          
           
             King
             John
             gave
             the
             first
             Grant
             to
             Newcastle
             ,
             and
             endowed
             it
             with
             many
             priviledges
             and
             immunities
             to
             the
             good
             men
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
           
             King
             Henry
             the
             third
             made
             it
             a
             Corporation
             ,
             whereas
             formerly
             it
             belonged
             to
             the
             County
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             as
             by
             Henry
             the
             thirds
             Charter
             doth
             appear
             ,
             —
             Noveritis
             nos
             concessisse
             &
             demisisse
             ,
             &
             hae
             Charta
             nostra
             confirmasse
             pro
             nobis
             &
             haredibus
             nostris
             ,
             probis
             hominibus
             nostris
             ,
             de
             Novo-Castello
             super
             Tinam
             ,
             &
             haeredibus
             corum
             villam
             nostram
             cum
             Novo-Castello
             ,
             cum
             omnibus
             pertinentibus
             suis
             ad
             seod
             firmum
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Town
             of
             Pampden
             was
             granted
             to
             the
             beloved
             Burgesses
             ,
             and
             good
             men
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             in
             King
             Edward
             the
             firsts
             reign
             ,
             as
             by
             his
             Charter
             appears
             ,
             —
             Sciatis
             quod
             dedimus
             &
             concessimus
             ,
             &
             haee
             Charta
             nostra
             confirmavimus
             ,
             pro
             nobis
             ,
             &
             haeredibus
             nostris
             ,
             dileetis
             Burgensibus
             ,
             &
             probis
             hominibus
             nostris
             ville
             Novieastri
             super
             Tinam
             ,
             onmes
             terras
             &
             tenementa
             cum
             pertinentibus
             in
             Pampeden
             in
             Biker
             ,
             juxta
             predictam
             Villam
             Novicastri
             ,
             &c.
             
             Et
             quod
             predicta
             Villa
             Novicastri
             ,
             &
             terrae
             ,
             &
             tenementa
             predicta
             in
             Pampeden
             ,
             unica
             Villa
             de
             cetero
             sint
             ,
             &
             unus
             Burgus
             ,
             ad
             uniendum
             &
             concludendum
             dictae
             Villae
             Novicastri
             in
             angmendationem
             ,
             emendationem
             ,
             &
             securitatem
             ,
             ejusdem
             Villae
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             All
             the
             Kings
             and
             Queens
             of
             England
             successively
             granted
             unto
             the
             Town
             some
             honour
             or
             priviledge
             ,
             and
             inlarged
             their
             Charters
             .
          
           
             Edward
             the
             third
             gave
             them
             the
             Forth
             ,
             for
             the
             good
             services
             of
             the
             Townes-men
             .
          
           
           
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             gave
             them
             power
             to
             choose
             yearely
             Mayor
             and
             Aldermen
             ,
             in
             lieu
             of
             Baylisses
             .
          
           
             After
             Kings
             granted
             to
             the
             Mayor
             and
             Communalty
             ,
             all
             the
             Royalties
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             ,
             from
             Sparrow-Hawke
             ,
             unto
             Heddon-Streames
             ;
             and
             that
             no
             ship
             load
             and
             unload
             any
             manner
             of
             goods
             ,
             wares
             ,
             and
             marchandizes
             ,
             in
             ,
             or
             any
             place
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             but
             onely
             at
             the
             Key
             of
             Newcastle
             .
             Also
             granted
             Commissioners
             to
             measure
             Keeles
             .
          
           
             King
             Edward
             the
             sixth
             grants
             the
             Town
             of
             Gateside
             to
             be
             united
             to
             the
             Town
             of
             Newcastle
             .
             Repealed
             by
             Queen
             Mary
             .
          
           
             Sir
             Thomas
             White
             ,
             Lord
             Mayor
             of
             London
             ,
             gave
             one
             hundred
             pound
             yearely
             to
             the
             chief
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             of
             England
             ,
             for
             ever
             ,
             to
             be
             lent
             to
             foure
             Clothiers
             Merchants
             for
             ten
             yeares
             without
             interest
             .
             The
             Town
             of
             Newcastle
             enjoyeth
             her
             hundred
             pound
             in
             her
             turn
             ;
             The
             first
             hundred
             pound
             which
             came
             to
             Newcastle
             was
             in
             1599.
             
             The
             noblest
             gift
             that
             ever
             was
             given
             in
             England
             by
             any
             subject
             .
             Some
             think
             ,
             in
             time
             ,
             it
             will
             ingrosse
             the
             most
             of
             the
             money
             in
             this
             land
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             THE
             HIGHEST
             AND
             NORTH
             PARTS
             OF
             THE
             TOWN
             .
          
           
             THE
             ancient
             parts
             of
             the
             Town
             of
             Newcastle
             was
             in
             the
             upper
             parts
             of
             it
             ,
             about
             Newgate
             ,
             where
             are
             many
             old
             houses
             and
             cottages
             ,
             which
             served
             these
             religious
             houses
             with
             provisions
             :
             This
             part
             of
             the
             Town
             is
             called
             to
             this
             day
             ,
             the
             Hucksters
             Booths
             .
             These
             people
             ,
             in
             those
             dayes
             ,
             had
             their
             livelihood
             from
             those
             Fryers
             and
             Nuns
             that
             lived
             in
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Town
             .
          
           
             In
             after
             ages
             the
             Burgesses
             and
             good
             men
             of
             the
             Town
             began
             to
             trade
             ,
             and
             venture
             beyond
             the
             seas
             ,
             into
             forraigne
             places
             ;
             they
             builded
             many
             ships
             ;
             procured
             a
             Charter
             from
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             to
             carry
             Fels
             beyond
             seas
             ,
             and
             bring
             in
             sorraign
             commodities
             .
             The
             Staple
             was
             then
             at
             Antwerp
             in
             Brabant
             ,
             called
             Commune
             totius
             Europa
             Emporium
             .
             This
             Charter
             of
             the
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             ,
             was
             the
             first
             Charter
             that
             was
             granted
             by
             any
             King
             to
             any
             Town
             .
             After
             which
             Grant
             ,
             this
             town
             flourished
             in
             trading
             :
             builded
             many
             faire
             houses
             in
             the
             Flesh
             Market
             .
             (
             then
             called
             the
             Cloath
             Market
             .
             )
             The
             Merchants
             had
             their
             shops
             and
             warehouses
             there
             ,
             in
             the
             back
             parts
             of
             their
             houses
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             Tine
             slowed
             and
             ebbed
             .
             where
             boats
             came
             up
             with
             commodities
             ;
             which
             trade
             of
             merchandizes
             
             continued
             many
             years
             .
             In
             that
             street
             the
             Mayors
             ,
             Aldermen
             ,
             and
             richest
             men
             of
             the
             Town
             lived
             .
             In
             after
             times
             ,
             the
             Merchants
             removed
             lower
             down
             towards
             the
             River
             ,
             to
             the
             street
             called
             the
             Side
             ,
             and
             Sandhill
             ,
             where
             it
             continueth
             unto
             this
             day
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             SANDHILL
             .
          
           
             Now
             let
             us
             describe
             unto
             you
             the
             other
             Streets
             and
             Markets
             in
             this
             Town
             :
             First
             of
             the
             Sandhill
             ,
             a
             Market
             for
             fish
             ,
             and
             other
             commodities
             ;
             very
             convenient
             for
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             ,
             Merchants
             of
             Coales
             ,
             and
             all
             those
             that
             have
             their
             living
             by
             shipping
             .
             There
             is
             a
             navigable
             River
             ,
             and
             a
             long
             Key
             or
             Wharfe
             ,
             where
             ships
             may
             lye
             safe
             from
             danger
             of
             stormes
             ,
             and
             may
             unlode
             their
             commodities
             and
             wares
             upon
             the
             Key
             .
             In
             it
             is
             two
             Cranes
             for
             heavy
             commodities
             ,
             very
             convenient
             for
             carrying
             of
             corn
             ,
             wine
             ,
             deales
             ,
             &c.
             from
             the
             Key
             into
             the
             Water-Gates
             ,
             which
             is
             along
             the
             Key
             side
             ,
             or
             into
             any
             quarter
             of
             the
             Town
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Market
             place
             is
             many
             shops
             and
             stately
             houses
             for
             Merchants
             ,
             with
             great
             conveniences
             of
             water
             ,
             bridge
             ,
             garners
             ,
             losts
             ,
             cellars
             and
             houses
             of
             both
             sides
             of
             them
             .
             Westward
             they
             have
             a
             street
             called
             the
             Close
             .
             East
             ,
             the
             benefit
             of
             the
             houses
             of
             the
             Key
             side
             .
          
           
           
             In
             this
             Sandhill
             standeth
             the
             Town-Court
             ,
             or
             Guild-Hall
             ,
             where
             is
             held
             the
             Guilds
             every
             yeare
             by
             the
             Major
             and
             Burgesses
             ,
             to
             offer
             up
             their
             grievances
             ;
             where
             the
             Major
             keepeth
             his
             Court
             every
             Munday
             ,
             and
             the
             Sheriffe
             hath
             his
             County-Court
             upon
             Wednesday
             and
             Fryday
             .
          
           
             In
             it
             is
             kept
             a
             Court
             of
             Admiralty
             ,
             or
             River
             Court
             ,
             every
             Munday
             in
             the
             afternoon
             .
             This
             is
             a
             Court
             of
             Record
             for
             inroling
             of
             deeds
             and
             evidences
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             a
             Court
             of
             Pye-powder
             ,
             during
             the
             said
             two
             Faires
             ,
             Lammas
             and
             Saint
             Luke
             ;
             All
             the
             priviledges
             and
             power
             that
             a
             Court-Leet
             can
             have
             ,
             is
             granted
             to
             this
             Court
             .
          
           
             Under
             the
             Town-Court
             is
             a
             common
             Weigh-house
             for
             all
             sorts
             of
             commodities
             .
             King
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             sent
             to
             this
             Town
             ,
             as
             to
             other
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             brasse
             weights
             according
             to
             the
             standard
             .
          
           
             Neer
             this
             is
             the
             Town-house
             ,
             where
             the
             Clarke
             of
             the
             Chamber
             and
             Chamberlains
             are
             to
             receive
             the
             revenues
             of
             the
             Town
             for
             coale
             ,
             ballist
             ,
             salt
             ,
             grindstones
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Next
             adjoyning
             is
             an
             Almes-house
             ,
             called
             the
             Mason
             de
             Dien
             ,
             builded
             by
             that
             noble
             benefactor
             Roger
             de
             Thorneton
             .
          
           
             Above
             which
             is
             the
             stately
             Court
             of
             the
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             ,
             of
             the
             old
             Staple
             ,
             resident
             at
             that
             flourishing
             City
             of
             Antwarpe
             in
             Brabant
             ;
             since
             removed
             to
             
             the
             more
             Northern
             Provinees
             under
             the
             States
             .
             Their
             Charters
             are
             ancient
             ,
             their
             priviledges
             and
             immunities
             great
             ;
             they
             have
             no
             dependance
             upon
             London
             ,
             having
             a
             Governour
             ,
             twelve
             Assistants
             ,
             two
             Wardens
             ,
             and
             a
             Secretary
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             an
             old
             Chappell
             upon
             the
             Brid
             .
          
           
             Next
             West
             is
             a
             street
             called
             the
             Close
             ,
             where
             are
             many
             stately
             houses
             of
             Merchants
             and
             others
             .
             The
             Earle
             of
             Northumberland
             had
             his
             house
             in
             this
             street
             .
          
           
             Neer
             the
             Sandhill
             East
             ,
             is
             Allliallows
             Banck
             ,
             or
             Butehers
             Banck
             ,
             (
             where
             most
             Butchers
             dwell
             )
             the
             way
             to
             Allhallows
             Church
             :
             the
             South
             side
             of
             which
             is
             many
             Chaires
             or
             Lanes
             that
             goeth
             down
             to
             the
             Key
             side
             .
          
        
         
           
             THE
             MIDDLE
             PARTS
             OF
             THE
             TOWN
             .
          
           
             NEXT
             up
             street
             is
             the
             street
             called
             the
             Side
             .
             In
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             it
             standeth
             a
             faire
             Crosse
             with
             columnes
             of
             stones
             hewn
             ,
             covered
             with
             lead
             ,
             where
             is
             sold
             milk
             ,
             egges
             ,
             butter
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             Side
             is
             shops
             for
             Merchants
             ,
             Drapers
             ,
             and
             other
             trades
             .
             In
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Side
             is
             an
             ancient
             stone
             house
             ,
             an
             appendix
             to
             the
             Castle
             ,
             which
             in
             former
             times
             belonged
             to
             the
             Lord
             Lumleys
             ,
             before
             the
             Castle
             was
             built
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             coetany
             with
             the
             Castle
             .
          
           
           
             Next
             up
             the
             Town
             North
             ,
             is
             Middle-street
             ,
             where
             all
             sorts
             of
             Artificers
             have
             shops
             and
             houses
             .
          
           
             The
             West
             side
             of
             this
             street
             is
             the
             Oatemeale
             Market
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             East
             side
             of
             it
             is
             the
             Flesh
             Market
             ,
             I
             think
             the
             greatest
             Market
             in
             England
             ,
             for
             all
             sorts
             of
             Flesh
             and
             Poultry
             that
             is
             sould
             there
             every
             Saterday
             ;
             the
             reason
             is
             not
             the
             populousnesse
             of
             the
             Town
             that
             makes
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             people
             in
             the
             Country
             ,
             (
             within
             ten
             miles
             of
             the
             Town
             )
             who
             makes
             their
             provision
             there
             ,
             as
             likewise
             all
             that
             lives
             by
             Coale-trade
             ,
             for
             working
             and
             conveying
             Coales
             to
             the
             water
             ;
             as
             also
             the
             shipping
             which
             comes
             into
             this
             River
             for
             Coales
             ,
             there
             being
             sometimes
             three
             hundred
             sayles
             of
             ships
             .
             In
             this
             Market
             is
             kept
             two
             Faires
             in
             the
             yeare
             ,
             for
             nine
             dayes
             together
             ;
             one
             of
             them
             at
             that
             remarkable
             time
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             the
             first
             of
             August
             ;
             the
             other
             is
             held
             the
             eighteenth
             of
             October
             ,
             upon
             Saint
             Lukes
             day
             .
          
           
             Next
             above
             North
             ,
             is
             the
             Bigg
             and
             Oate
             Market
             every
             Tuesday
             and
             Saterday
             in
             the
             week
             .
          
           
             In
             which
             street
             is
             an
             ancient
             house
             ,
             with
             a
             large
             gate
             ,
             called
             the
             Scots
             Inn
             ,
             where
             the
             Kings
             ,
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             Lards
             of
             Scots
             lodged
             in
             time
             of
             truee
             or
             league
             with
             England
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             PILGRIM
             STREET
             .
          
           
             EAST
             again
             is
             Pilgrim
             Street
             ,
             the
             longest
             and
             fairest
             street
             in
             the
             Town
             .
             In
             it
             is
             a
             Market
             for
             Wheat
             and
             Rye
             every
             Tuesday
             and
             Saterday
             .
          
           
             Likewise
             an
             house
             called
             the
             Pilgrims
             Inn
             ,
             where
             Pilgrims
             lodged
             that
             came
             to
             visit
             the
             Shrine
             in
             Gesmond
             ,
             or
             Jesu
             de
             Munde
             ,
             which
             occasioned
             to
             call
             this
             street
             Pilgrim-street
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             upper
             part
             of
             this
             street
             is
             a
             Princely
             house
             ,
             built
             out
             of
             the
             ruines
             of
             the
             Black
             Fryers
             .
          
           
             Both
             East
             and
             West
             of
             this
             street
             is
             many
             passages
             into
             other
             parts
             of
             the
             Town
             ;
             as
             the
             neither
             and
             higher
             Deane-Bridge
             into
             the
             West
             ;
             the
             Mannour
             Chaire
             upon
             the
             East
             ,
             having
             a
             way
             to
             that
             sumptuous
             building
             of
             the
             Minorites
             ,
             of
             old
             called
             Saint
             Augustin
             Fryers
             ;
             also
             a
             street
             called
             Silver
             Street
             ,
             having
             a
             passage
             down
             to
             Pandon
             .
          
        
         
           
             WEST-GATE
             STREET
             .
          
           
             UPON
             the
             West
             of
             the
             Town
             is
             Denton
             Chaire
             ,
             which
             goeth
             into
             West-Gate
             Street
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             broad
             street
             ,
             and
             private
             ;
             for
             men
             that
             lives
             there
             hath
             imployment
             
             for
             Town
             and
             Country
             .
             The
             Earl
             of
             Westmerland
             had
             his
             house
             in
             this
             street
             ,
             and
             other
             Gentlemen
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             street
             is
             an
             Hospitall
             ,
             called
             the
             Spittle
             ;
             In
             the
             East
             of
             that
             Chappell
             is
             the
             place
             for
             electing
             of
             Majors
             ,
             Aldermen
             ,
             Sheriffes
             ,
             and
             other
             Officers
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             next
             Munday
             after
             Michaelmas
             Day
             .
             In
             which
             place
             is
             made
             of
             late
             ,
             a
             famous
             Grammer-School
             ,
             Writing-School
             ,
             and
             houses
             within
             the
             Spittle
             for
             the
             Masters
             .
             Protos
             Archididascalos
             ,
             or
             the
             first
             head
             School-Master
             ,
             was
             that
             Reverend
             Master
             Robart
             Fowberry
             ,
             a
             learned
             and
             painfull
             man
             to
             indoctrinate
             youth
             in
             Greek
             and
             Latine
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             North
             side
             of
             the
             street
             towards
             West-Gate
             ,
             is
             an
             ancient
             building
             ,
             called
             now
             ,
             Bennet
             Chessie
             Fryers
             ,
             where
             now
             the
             nine
             Crafts
             of
             this
             Town
             have
             their
             meeting
             houses
             .
             It
             was
             called
             in
             old
             time
             ,
             the
             Grey-Fryers
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             South
             West
             of
             the
             Town
             is
             the
             White-Fryers
             ,
             and
             neer
             that
             a
             street
             called
             Baylisse-Gate
             ,
             which
             in
             former
             times
             belonged
             unto
             the
             Castle
             and
             County
             of
             Northumberland
             :
             there
             is
             a
             Postern
             Gate
             ,
             where
             prisouers
             taken
             in
             time
             of
             hostility
             with
             Scotland
             ,
             (
             and
             selous
             of
             the
             County
             of
             Northumberland
             )
             were
             brought
             in
             privately
             into
             the
             Castle
             in
             Newcastle
             ,
             where
             the
             common
             Gaile
             for
             the
             County
             is
             .
          
           
             Neer
             this
             street
             is
             two
             wayes
             which
             goes
             down
             into
             the
             Close
             ;
             the
             Long
             Staires
             and
             Tudhill
             Staires
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             THE
             GOVERNMENT
             OF
             THE
             TOWN
             .
          
           
             Now
             let
             us
             speak
             concerning
             the
             Government
             of
             this
             Town
             .
             The
             first
             Grant
             was
             ,
             Burgensibus
             &
             probis
             hominibus
             Novieastri
             super
             Tinam
             ,
             To
             the
             Burgesses
             and
             good
             men
             of
             the
             Town
             of
             Newcastle
             :
             Out
             of
             whom
             yearly
             was
             chosen
             Baylisses
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             ancient
             Officers
             of
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             King
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             out
             of
             his
             abundant
             grace
             and
             favour
             to
             the
             aforesaid
             Town
             ,
             Burgesses
             ,
             their
             heires
             and
             successours
             ,
             grants
             yearly
             to
             choose
             a
             Major
             and
             six
             Aldermen
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             aforesaid
             Major
             and
             Aldermen
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             being
             ,
             or
             any
             four
             ,
             thre
             ,
             or
             two
             of
             them
             ,
             have
             full
             power
             and
             authority
             to
             enquire
             ,
             hear
             ,
             and
             determine
             all
             manner
             of
             complaints
             and
             causes
             ,
             appertaining
             to
             the
             office
             of
             a
             Justice
             of
             the
             Peace
             .
          
           
             Instead
             of
             Baylisses
             is
             chosen
             a
             Sheriffe
             yearly
             .
          
           
             King
             Richard
             the
             second
             gave
             the
             Sword
             to
             be
             carried
             before
             the
             Major
             ,
             which
             represents
             royall
             power
             and
             authority
             ,
             delegated
             by
             Charters
             to
             them
             ,
             their
             heires
             and
             successors
             ,
             from
             their
             Soveraign
             .
          
           
             The
             power
             of
             a
             Major
             is
             great
             ,
             the
             highest
             dignity
             or
             honour
             that
             can
             be
             bestowed
             upon
             a
             City
             or
             Town
             ;
             according
             to
             that
             office
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             ,
             of
             Propraetors
             ,
             and
             Proconsuls
             ;
             who
             had
             in
             all
             Countries
             and
             Kingdoms
             under
             their
             command
             their
             Viceroyes
             or
             Representatives
             .
          
           
           
             In
             after
             times
             upon
             a
             division
             among
             the
             Aldermen
             ,
             there
             were
             foure
             Aldermen
             more
             added
             ;
             so
             now
             it
             is
             governed
             by
             a
             Major
             ,
             Recorder
             ,
             ten
             Aldermen
             ,
             and
             one
             Sheriffe
             .
             Their
             Officers
             are
             two
             Clarks
             ,
             one
             for
             the
             Town
             Court
             ,
             the
             other
             for
             the
             Town
             Chamber
             .
          
           
             The
             Officers
             that
             attendeth
             upon
             his
             person
             ,
             is
             a
             Sword-bearer
             ,
             with
             a
             Cap
             of
             Maintenance
             ,
             a
             Water-Baylisse
             ,
             seven
             Serjeants
             ,
             in
             their
             Gowns
             and
             Maces
             .
             All
             these
             nine
             Officers
             goes
             before
             the
             Major
             and
             Aldermen
             in
             their
             gownes
             to
             Church
             ,
             and
             at
             any
             solemnity
             .
          
           
             In
             former
             times
             the
             Aldermen
             of
             the
             Town
             had
             their
             Searlet
             Gownes
             ,
             but
             the
             proud
             Scot
             got
             them
             by
             Conquest
             ,
             as
             they
             did
             other
             Ornaments
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             thinking
             no
             English
             in
             authority
             ,
             worthy
             to
             weare
             Seerlet
             but
             themselves
             ,
             and
             so
             they
             continued
             lording
             over
             us
             for
             two
             yeares
             ,
             untill
             they
             were
             hyred
             out
             as
             they
             were
             brought
             in
             ,
             being
             a
             mercenary
             Nation
             ,
             for
             any
             Nation
             for
             mony
             .
          
           
             There
             are
             twelve
             Trades
             or
             Crafts
             ,
             which
             are
             chief
             in
             electing
             of
             Major
             ,
             and
             other
             Officers
             ,
             viz.
             Drapers
             ,
             Mereers
             ,
             Glovers
             ,
             Taylors
             ,
             Boothmen
             ,
             Shoomakers
             ,
             Bakers
             .
             Tanners
             ,
             Sadlers
             ,
             Butchers
             ,
             Smiths
             ,
             and
             Dyers
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             the
             By-crafts
             ,
             which
             are
             fifteen
             in
             number
             ,
             every
             one
             of
             them
             hath
             their
             Meeting-houses
             in
             the
             Towers
             of
             the
             Wall
             ,
             and
             are
             called
             at
             this
             day
             by
             the
             name
             of
             the
             By-crafts
             ;
             their
             ancient
             names
             is
             after
             the
             name
             of
             the
             founder
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             THE
             TWENTY-FOUR
             WARDS
             OE
             THE
             TOWN
             .
          
           
             THERE
             is
             foure
             and
             twenty
             Wards
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             every
             Ward
             hath
             his
             Tower
             or
             Gate
             in
             the
             Walls
             ,
             which
             they
             were
             to
             keep
             in
             times
             of
             hostility
             with
             the
             Scots
             ,
             whereof
             these
             are
             some
             .
          
           
             
               White
               Friers
               Tower
               Ward
               .
            
             
               Nevils
               Tower
               Ward
               .
            
             
               West-Spittle
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Stanke
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Pink
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Gunners
               Tower
               .
            
             
               West-Gate
               Tower
            
             
               Durham
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Thickets
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Carlile
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Barthram
               Mumbugget
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Evers
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Saint
               Austines
               Tower
               .
            
             
               Walke-Knowle
               Ward
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
         
           
             OF
             THE
             RIVER
             TINE
             ,
             AND
             THE
             COMMODITIES
             .
          
           
             THE
             Port
             or
             Haven
             of
             this
             River
             is
             able
             to
             receive
             Ships
             of
             foure
             hundred
             tuns
             ,
             having
             Rocks
             on
             the
             North
             side
             of
             the
             Haven
             ,
             and
             Sands
             upon
             the
             South
             ,
             dangerous
             in
             a
             North-East
             Wind.
             
             
               Incidit
               in
               Seyllam
               ,
               qui
               vult
               vitare
               Charibdim
               .
            
          
           
             Upon
             the
             North
             side
             of
             the
             Haven
             ,
             is
             an
             ancient
             strong
             Castle
             ,
             the
             Seat
             of
             the
             Priour
             of
             Tinemouth
             .
             King
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             coverted
             the
             Castle
             from
             a
             Priory
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             defence
             for
             the
             River
             and
             Country
             ,
             against
             Forraigne
             Invasions
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Southside
             of
             the
             River
             is
             Warwick-shire
             ,
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Durham
             ,
             where
             is
             many
             Salt-Pans
             ,
             which
             makes
             white
             Salt
             out
             of
             Salt
             Water
             ,
             boyled
             with
             Coale
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             An
             other
             Commodity
             that
             this
             River
             bringeth
             forth
             ,
             is
             Coale
             in
             great
             abundance
             ;
             most
             of
             the
             people
             that
             liveth
             in
             these
             parts
             ,
             lives
             by
             the
             benefit
             of
             Coales
             ,
             and
             are
             carried
             out
             of
             this
             River
             into
             most
             parts
             of
             England
             South-Ward
             ,
             into
             Germany
             ,
             and
             other
             transmarine
             Countries
             .
          
           
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     John
                     Johnston
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Poëms
                     of
                     the
                     Cities
                     of
                     Britain
                     ,
                  
                   
                     NEW-CASTLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     Seated
                     upon
                     high
                     rock
                     she
                     sees
                     Dame
                     Natures
                     wonders
                     strange
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Or
                     else
                     to
                     others
                     ,
                     wittily
                     ,
                     doth
                     vent
                     them
                     for
                     exchange
                     ;
                  
                   
                     In
                     vain
                     why
                     seek
                     you
                     Fire
                     ,
                     from
                     Heaven
                     ,
                     to
                     serve
                     your
                     turn
                     ,
                  
                   
                     The
                     ground
                     here
                     either
                     keeps
                     it
                     close
                     ,
                     or
                     quickly
                     makes
                     it
                     burn
                     .
                  
                   
                     Nor
                     that
                     which
                     folk
                     with
                     stony
                     flash
                     ,
                     or
                     whirlwind
                     grim
                     affrights
                     ,
                  
                   
                     But
                     giveth
                     life
                     to
                     earthly
                     things
                     ,
                     and
                     minds
                     to
                     living
                     wights
                     ;
                  
                   
                     This
                     melteth
                     Iron
                     ,
                     Brasse
                     ,
                     and
                     Gould
                     ,
                     so
                     pliable
                     and
                     soft
                     ,
                  
                   
                     What
                     mind
                     th'
                     allective
                     shade
                     of
                     Gould
                     ,
                     stirs
                     not
                     ,
                     nor
                     sets
                     aloft
                     .
                  
                   
                     Nay
                     more
                     then
                     so
                     ,
                     men
                     say
                     it
                     doth
                     ,
                     dull
                     Mettals
                     change
                     to
                     Gold
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     say
                     therefore
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     God
                     ,
                     our
                     Alchymists
                     are
                     bold
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     God
                     he
                     be
                     as
                     thou
                     glv'st
                     out
                     (
                     great
                     Master
                     )
                     of
                     thy
                     word
                     ,
                  
                   
                     How
                     many
                     Gods
                     than
                     doth
                     this
                     place
                     ,
                     and
                     our
                     Scotland
                     afford
                     ?
                  
                
              
            
          
           
           
             Many
             thousand
             people
             are
             imployed
             in
             this
             trade
             of
             Coales
             ;
             many
             live
             by
             working
             of
             them
             in
             the
             Pits
             ;
             many
             live
             by
             conveying
             them
             in
             Waggons
             and
             Waines
             to
             the
             River
             Tine
             ;
             many
             men
             are
             imployed
             in
             conveying
             the
             Coales
             in
             Keels
             from
             the
             Stathes
             aboard
             the
             Ships
             :
             one
             Coale
             Merchant
             imployeth
             five
             hundred
             or
             a
             thousand
             in
             his
             Works
             of
             Coale
             ;
             yet
             for
             all
             his
             labour
             ,
             care
             ,
             and
             cost
             ,
             can
             scarce
             live
             of
             his
             Trade
             ;
             nay
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             hath
             consumed
             and
             spent
             great
             estates
             ,
             and
             dyed
             beggers
             .
             I
             can
             remember
             one
             ,
             of
             many
             ,
             that
             raysed
             his
             estate
             by
             Coale-trade
             ;
             many
             I
             remember
             that
             hath
             wasted
             great
             estates
             .
             I
             shall
             illustrate
             this
             by
             a
             story
             of
             two
             Spaniards
             brothers
             ,
             which
             travelled
             into
             the
             West
             Indies
             ,
             with
             that
             estate
             and
             means
             which
             they
             had
             acquired
             ;
             One
             of
             the
             brothers
             was
             a
             Miner
             ,
             to
             imploy
             many
             slaves
             in
             silver
             Mines
             ;
             the
             other
             brother
             was
             to
             be
             an
             Husbandman
             ,
             to
             provide
             Corne
             ,
             Sheep
             ,
             and
             other
             provisions
             for
             the
             Miner
             and
             his
             men
             ;
             much
             silver
             was
             got
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             by
             those
             Miners
             ;
             the
             Husbandman
             got
             monies
             out
             of
             his
             stock
             for
             his
             commodities
             .
             After
             many
             yeares
             delving
             and
             labouring
             in
             these
             silver
             mines
             ,
             at
             last
             ,
             the
             Mines
             was
             exhausted
             and
             decayed
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             money
             which
             he
             had
             got
             for
             many
             yeares
             labour
             and
             cost
             ,
             was
             run
             into
             his
             brothers
             the
             husbandmans
             hands
             ,
             and
             all
             his
             stock
             upstanding
             ,
             he
             living
             all
             that
             time
             of
             the
             profit
             that
             his
             ground
             yeelded
             .
          
           
           
             So
             it
             is
             with
             our
             Coale-Miners
             ,
             they
             labour
             and
             are
             at
             a
             great
             charge
             to
             maintain
             men
             to
             work
             their
             Collieries
             ,
             they
             wast
             their
             own
             bodies
             with
             care
             ,
             and
             their
             Collieries
             with
             working
             ,
             the
             kernell
             being
             eaten
             out
             of
             the
             nut
             ,
             there
             remaineth
             nothing
             but
             the
             shell
             ,
             their
             Collieries
             is
             wasted
             ,
             and
             their
             monies
             is
             consumed
             :
             this
             is
             the
             uncertainty
             of
             Mines
             ,
             a
             great
             charge
             ,
             the
             profit
             uncertain
             .
          
           
             Some
             South
             Gentlemen
             ,
             hath
             upon
             great
             hope
             of
             benefit
             ,
             come
             into
             this
             Country
             to
             hazard
             their
             monies
             in
             Coale-Pits
             .
             Master
             Beamont
             ,
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             great
             ingenuity
             ,
             and
             rare
             parts
             ,
             adventured
             into
             our
             Mines
             with
             his
             thirty
             thousand
             pounds
             ;
             who
             brought
             with
             him
             many
             rare
             engines
             ,
             not
             known
             then
             in
             these
             parts
             ;
             As
             the
             art
             to
             boore
             with
             ,
             iron
             rodds
             to
             try
             the
             deepnesse
             and
             thicknesse
             of
             the
             Coale
             ;
             rare
             engines
             to
             draw
             water
             out
             of
             the
             Pits
             :
             Waggons
             with
             one
             horse
             to
             carry
             down
             Coales
             ,
             from
             the
             Pits
             ,
             to
             the
             Stathes
             ,
             to
             the
             River
             ,
             &c.
             
             Within
             few
             years
             ,
             he
             consumed
             all
             his
             money
             ,
             and
             rode
             home
             upon
             his
             light
             horse
             .
          
           
             Some
             Londoners
             of
             late
             ,
             hath
             disbursed
             their
             monies
             for
             the
             reversion
             of
             a
             lease
             of
             Colliery
             ,
             about
             thirty
             yeares
             to
             come
             of
             the
             lease
             ;
             When
             they
             come
             to
             crack
             their
             nuts
             ,
             they
             find
             nothing
             but
             the
             shells
             ;
             Nuts
             will
             not
             keep
             thirty
             yeares
             ;
             there
             's
             a
             swarme
             of
             wormes
             under
             ground
             ,
             that
             will
             eate
             up
             all
             before
             their
             time
             ,
             they
             may
             find
             some
             Meteors
             ,
             ignis
             fatuus
             ,
             in
             stead
             of
             a
             Mine
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             Commodity
             that
             this
             River
             bringeth
             forth
             is
             Grindstones
             ,
             which
             is
             conveyed
             into
             most
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             according
             to
             the
             Proverb
             ,
             A
             Scot
             ,
             a
             Rat
             ,
             and
             a
             New-Castle
             Grindstone
             ,
             you
             may
             find
             all
             the
             world
             over
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Commodity
             of
             this
             River
             ,
             Is
             the
             great
             plenty
             of
             Salmond
             ,
             taken
             in
             this
             water
             ;
             which
             serveth
             this
             Town
             ,
             and
             other
             parts
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             South
             side
             of
             this
             River
             stands
             a
             Town
             ,
             called
             Jarro
             ,
             where
             lived
             that
             Venerable
             Bede
             ,
             admired
             for
             his
             learning
             ,
             in
             those
             times
             of
             darknesse
             .
             Camden
             entituleth
             him
             ,
             The
             singular
             Glory
             ,
             and
             Ornament
             of
             England
             .
             Malmesbury
             ,
             Vir
             erat
             quem
             mirari
             facilius
             ,
             quam
             dignum
             praedicari
             possis
             ,
             qui
             extremo
             natus
             orbis
             Angulo
             Doctrinae
             ,
             corusco
             terras
             omnes
             perstrinxerat
             .
          
           
             Beda
             lived
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Saxons
             Heptarchy
             in
             England
             ,
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Northumbers
             ,
             seven
             hundred
             yeares
             after
             Christ
             .
          
           
             This
             River
             hath
             two
             heads
             ,
             or
             maine
             streames
             ,
             South
             Tine
             ,
             which
             runs
             through
             Allendale
             ;
             North
             Tine
             ,
             which
             runs
             through
             Tinedale
             ;
             they
             meet
             West
             of
             Hexam
             ,
             and
             salute
             one
             another
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             DIVINE
             PROVIDENCE
             OVER
             ALL
             NATIONS
             AND
             COUNTRIES
             .
          
           
             OUR
             most
             provident
             and
             glorious
             Creator
             hath
             so
             furnished
             all
             Countries
             with
             severall
             Commodities
             ,
             that
             amongst
             all
             nations
             there
             might
             be
             a
             sociable
             conversation
             and
             mutuall
             commerce
             ,
             one
             people
             standing
             in
             need
             of
             another
             ,
             all
             might
             be
             combined
             in
             a
             common
             league
             ,
             and
             exhibit
             mutuall
             succours
             ,
             Non
             omnia
             sert
             anima
             tellus
             .
             From
             the
             Indies
             ,
             gould
             ,
             silver
             ,
             gems
             ,
             drugs
             ,
             &c.
             From
             Italy
             ,
             silkes
             .
             From
             Spaine
             ,
             fruits
             ,
             saffron
             ,
             sacks
             .
             From
             Denmarke
             ,
             amber
             ,
             cordage
             ,
             firs
             ,
             and
             flax
             .
             From
             France
             ,
             wines
             ,
             and
             linuen
             .
             From
             England
             ,
             wooll
             ,
             tinn
             .
             From
             these
             Northern
             parts
             ,
             coale
             ,
             salt
             ,
             grindstones
             ,
             &c.
             
             Which
             trade
             of
             coale
             began
             not
             past
             fourescore
             yeares
             since
             .
             Coales
             in
             former
             times
             was
             onely
             used
             by
             Smiths
             ,
             and
             for
             burning
             of
             lime
             ;
             Woods
             in
             the
             South
             parts
             of
             England
             decaying
             ,
             and
             the
             City
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             other
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             growing
             populous
             ,
             made
             the
             trade
             for
             Coale
             increase
             yearely
             ,
             and
             many
             great
             ships
             of
             burthen
             built
             ,
             so
             that
             there
             was
             more
             Coales
             vented
             in
             one
             yeare
             ,
             then
             was
             in
             seven
             yeares
             ,
             forty
             yeares
             by-past
             ;
             this
             great
             trade
             hath
             made
             this
             part
             to
             flourish
             in
             all
             trades
             .
          
           
             Camden
             calls
             Newcastle
             ,
             Ocellus
             ,
             the
             Eye
             of
             the
             North
             ,
             the
             Harth
             that
             warmeth
             the
             South
             parts
             of
             this
             
             Kingdome
             with
             sire
             ;
             An
             Aegypt
             to
             all
             the
             Shires
             in
             the
             North
             ,
             (
             in
             time
             of
             famine
             )
             for
             bread
             .
             All
             quarters
             of
             the
             country
             comes
             with
             money
             in
             their
             purses
             to
             buy
             Corne
             to
             feed
             their
             families
             this
             summer
             .
          
           
             This
             Town
             hath
             been
             famous
             in
             soure
             ages
             of
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             In
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             being
             in
             these
             parts
             ,
             being
             the
             utmost
             limits
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Famous
             for
             the
             Monasteries
             in
             old
             times
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             This
             Town
             famous
             ,
             being
             a
             bulwarke
             against
             the
             Scots
             ;
             all
             the
             power
             of
             Scotland
             could
             never
             win
             it
             ,
             since
             the
             walls
             were
             built
             ;
             but
             of
             late
             being
             assisted
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             was
             stormed
             ,
             our
             churches
             and
             houses
             defaced
             ,
             the
             ornaments
             of
             both
             plundered
             ,
             and
             carried
             away
             ,
             the
             crowne
             of
             our
             heads
             is
             fallen
             ,
             woe
             now
             unto
             us
             ,
             for
             we
             have
             sinned
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Famous
             for
             the
             great
             trade
             of
             Coale
             ,
             White-Salt
             ,
             Grindstones
             ,
             &c.
             which
             they
             furnish
             other
             countries
             with
             .
          
           
             Newcastle
             likewise
             excells
             in
             foure
             things
             before
             spoken
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Town
             ,
             Walls
             ,
             Gates
             ,
             Towers
             and
             Turrets
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Saint
             Nieholas
             Church
             Steeple
             ,
             caput
             inter
             nubila
             condit
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Tine-Bridge
             ,
             consisting
             of
             eight
             stately
             Arches
             ,
             Towers
             and
             Houses
             .
          
           
           
             4.
             
             The
             long
             and
             faire
             Key
             ,
             for
             ships
             to
             unload
             their
             commodities
             .
          
           
             The
             Revenues
             of
             the
             Town
             is
             not
             great
             ,
             considering
             the
             disbursements
             for
             repairing
             of
             Streets
             ,
             High-wayes
             ,
             Bridges
             ,
             maintenance
             of
             Ministers
             ,
             Schoole-Masters
             ,
             Poore
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Armes
             of
             the
             Town
             is
             the
             three
             Castles
             Argent
             in
             a
             Field
             Geules
             .
          
           
             Camden
             .
             Newe
             .
             22.
             grad.
             30.
             min.
             Long
             .
             54.
             gr.
             57.
             M.
             Lat.
             
          
           
             Hues
             .
             Newcast
             .
             23.
             grad.
             10.
             min.
             Long
             .
             55.
             gr.
             20.
             M.
             Lat.
             
          
        
         
           
             THE
             SUBURBS
             OF
             NEWCASTLE
             .
          
           
             GATESIDE
             ,
             a
             Burrow
             upon
             the
             South
             side
             of
             the
             river
             Tine
             ,
             an
             ancient
             inhabited
             place
             ,
             a
             parish
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             in
             the
             Bishopprieke
             of
             Durham
             .
             King
             Edward
             the
             sixth
             ,
             united
             it
             to
             the
             town
             of
             Newcastle
             ;
             since
             ,
             Queen
             Mary
             gave
             it
             again
             to
             the
             Bishops
             Sea
             of
             Durham
             .
          
           
             The
             suburbs
             out
             of
             Newgate
             and
             Pilgrim-Street
             ,
             are
             ruinated
             in
             these
             late
             warres
             ;
             neer
             unto
             the
             Barras-Bridge
             is
             an
             Hospitall
             dedicated
             to
             Mary
             Magdelane
             .
             There
             is
             many
             closes
             in
             that
             part
             ,
             and
             large
             fields
             of
             
             meddowes
             ,
             called
             the
             Castle
             Leases
             ,
             belonging
             to
             the
             Town
             ;
             the
             gift
             of
             King
             John
             (
             as
             some
             say
             )
             to
             the
             good
             men
             of
             Newcastle
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             a
             Postern
             between
             New-Gate
             and
             West-Gate
             ,
             which
             goeth
             into
             a
             Close
             ,
             called
             the
             Warden-Close
             ,
             where
             the
             Warden
             of
             the
             Priour
             of
             Tine-mouth
             had
             his
             house
             ,
             garden
             ,
             fishponds
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             suburbs
             of
             Sand-Gate
             escaped
             the
             fury
             of
             these
             Warres
             ,
             except
             some
             neer
             the
             walls
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             which
             was
             fired
             .
          
           
             One
             remarkeable
             thing
             is
             recorded
             of
             two
             Carpenters
             ,
             hewing
             of
             a
             tree
             ,
             bloud
             issued
             out
             of
             the
             timber
             in
             what
             part
             of
             the
             wood
             they
             cut
             .
          
           
             Below
             East
             ,
             is
             the
             Ballist
             Hill
             ,
             where
             women
             upon
             their
             heads
             carried
             Ballist
             ,
             which
             was
             taken
             forth
             of
             small
             ships
             which
             came
             empty
             for
             Coales
             ;
             Which
             place
             was
             the
             first
             Ballist
             shoare
             out
             of
             the
             town
             :
             since
             which
             time
             ,
             the
             trade
             of
             Coales
             increasing
             ,
             there
             is
             many
             Ballist
             shoares
             made
             below
             the
             water
             ,
             on
             both
             sides
             of
             the
             River
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             North
             side
             of
             the
             River
             is
             the
             Ewes
             Burne
             ,
             over
             which
             is
             a
             wood
             Bridge
             ,
             which
             goeth
             down
             to
             a
             place
             called
             the
             Glasse-Houses
             ,
             where
             plaine
             Glasse
             for
             windowes
             are
             made
             ,
             which
             serveth
             most
             parts
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             Below
             East
             is
             many
             shores
             built
             for
             casting
             of
             Ballist
             out
             of
             ships
             ,
             which
             brings
             profit
             to
             the
             town
             ,
             and
             the
             occupiers
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             OF
             THE
             NOBLE
             AND
             ANCIENT
             FAMILIES
             OF
             THE
             NORTH
             ,
             AND
             THEIR
             CASTLES
             .
          
           
             THE
             North
             parts
             of
             England
             hath
             been
             in
             the
             Romans
             time
             ,
             and
             in
             after
             ages
             ,
             the
             Bulwarks
             and
             Fortresses
             of
             England
             ,
             against
             the
             inrodes
             of
             the
             Scots
             ;
             Newcastle
             for
             the
             East
             parts
             of
             this
             land
             ,
             and
             Carlile
             for
             the
             West
             .
          
           
             The
             two
             great
             Princes
             of
             the
             North
             ,
             were
             the
             Earles
             of
             Northumberland
             at
             Alnwick
             ,
             and
             Westmerland
             at
             Raby
             Castle
             in
             the
             Bishopprick
             of
             Durham
             .
             The
             first
             famous
             for
             the
             great
             overthrow
             he
             gave
             Malcolme
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Scots
             ,
             and
             his
             Sonne
             Edward
             ,
             slain
             at
             his
             Castle
             of
             Alnewick
             .
             The
             second
             Earle
             made
             famous
             for
             taking
             David
             King
             of
             Scots
             prisoner
             ,
             and
             the
             overthrow
             of
             his
             Army
             at
             Nevils-Crosse
             ,
             neer
             Durham
             .
          
           
             The
             Lord
             Dacres
             ,
             and
             Lord
             Lumleyes
             were
             famous
             in
             their
             generations
             ;
             the
             first
             lived
             in
             Cumberland
             ,
             in
             his
             many
             Castles
             ,
             the
             other
             in
             the
             Bishopprick
             of
             Durham
             ,
             in
             Lumley
             Castle
             ;
             both
             of
             them
             having
             lands
             in
             Northumberland
             ,
             who
             held
             their
             land
             of
             the
             King
             in
             Knight
             service
             ,
             for
             his
             warres
             against
             the
             Scots
             .
          
           
             The
             Bishops
             of
             Durham
             had
             their
             Castles
             in
             the
             frontiers
             ,
             in
             Norhamshire
             and
             Elandshire
             .
          
           
             The
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             of
             the
             North
             ,
             are
             of
             great
             antiquity
             ,
             and
             can
             produce
             more
             ancient
             Families
             ,
             
             then
             any
             other
             part
             of
             England
             ;
             many
             of
             them
             Gentry
             before
             the
             Conquest
             ;
             the
             rest
             came
             in
             with
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             .
             The
             Noblemen
             and
             Gentry
             of
             the
             North
             ,
             hath
             been
             alwayes
             imployed
             in
             their
             native
             countrey
             ,
             in
             the
             warres
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             against
             the
             Scots
             ;
             all
             of
             them
             holding
             their
             lands
             in
             Knights
             service
             ,
             to
             attend
             the
             warres
             in
             their
             own
             persons
             ,
             with
             horse
             and
             speare
             ,
             as
             the
             manner
             of
             fighting
             was
             in
             those
             dayes
             .
          
           
             Some
             Gentlemen
             held
             their
             lands
             in
             Cornage
             ,
             by
             blowing
             a
             Horne
             ,
             to
             give
             notice
             that
             the
             Scots
             ,
             their
             enemies
             ,
             had
             invaded
             the
             land
             .
             The
             Scots
             their
             neighbouring
             enemies
             ,
             hath
             made
             the
             inhabitants
             of
             Northumberland
             fierce
             and
             hardy
             ,
             whiles
             sometimes
             they
             kept
             themselves
             exercised
             in
             the
             warres
             ;
             being
             a
             most
             warre-like
             Nation
             ,
             and
             excellent
             good
             Light-Horsemen
             ,
             wholly
             addicting
             themselves
             to
             Mars
             and
             Armes
             ,
             not
             a
             Gentleman
             amongst
             them
             ,
             that
             hath
             not
             his
             Castle
             or
             Tower
             ;
             and
             so
             it
             was
             divided
             into
             a
             number
             of
             Baronies
             :
             the
             Lords
             whereof
             ,
             in
             times
             past
             ,
             before
             King
             Edward
             the
             first's
             dayes
             ,
             went
             commonly
             under
             the
             name
             of
             Barons
             ,
             although
             some
             of
             them
             were
             of
             no
             great
             living
             .
             It
             was
             the
             policy
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             cherish
             and
             maintain
             Martiall
             Prowesse
             among
             them
             ,
             in
             the
             Marches
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             nothing
             else
             ,
             but
             with
             an
             honourable
             bare
             title
             .
             Some
             Gentlemen
             of
             the
             North
             are
             called
             to
             this
             day
             Barons
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Ancient
             Families
             and
             Names
             of
             the
             Gentry
             are
             many
             ,
             which
             hath
             continued
             from
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             ,
             unto
             these
             late
             dayes
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Grayes
               of
               Chillingham
               ,
               and
               Horton
               ,
               Barons
               of
               Warke-castle
               .
            
             
               Ogles
               of
               Ogle-castle
               .
            
             
               Fenwickes
               of
               Wallington
               .
            
             
               Widdrington
               of
               Widdrington-castle
               .
            
             
               Delavale
               of
               Seaton-Delavale
               .
            
             
               Ridleyes
               of
               Williams-Weeke
               .
            
             
               Muschampes
               of
               Barsmore
               ,
               the
               chiefe
               Baron
               of
               Northumberland
               in
               Edward
               the
               first's
               reigne
               .
            
             
               Mitfords
               of
               Midford
               .
            
             
               Fosters
               of
               Edderston
               .
            
             
               Claverings
               of
               Callalie
               .
            
             
               Swinburnes
               of
               Swinburne
               ,
               now
               of
               Capheaton
            
             
               Radliffes
               of
               Delston
               .
            
             
               Harbottle
               of
               Harbottle-castle
               ,
               extinct
               .
            
             
               Haggerston
               of
               Haggerton
               .
            
             
               Hebburne
               of
               Heburne
               .
            
             
               Blankenship
               of
               Blankenship
               .
            
             
               Fetherstonhaugh
               of
               Fetherstonhaugh
               .
            
             
               Herons
               of
               Chepehase
               .
            
             
               Horsley
               of
               Horsley
               .
            
             
               Craster
               of
               Craster
               .
            
             
               Laraines
               of
               Kirkharle
               .
            
             
             
               Collingwoods
               of
               Eslington
               .
            
             
               Whitfield
               of
               Whitfield
               .
            
             
               Carnaby
               of
               Halton
               .
            
             
               Lisles
               of
               Felton
               .
            
             
               Strudders
               of
               Kirknewton
               .
            
             
               Selbyes
               of
               Twisel
               .
            
             
               Eringtons
               of
               Bewfrom
               .
            
             
               Weldon
               of
               Weldon
               .
            
             
               Bradforth
               of
               Bradforth
               .
            
             
               Rodom
               of
               Little
               Haughton
               .
            
             
               Carres
               of
               Ford-castle
               .
            
             
               Creswell
               of
               Creswell
               .
            
             
               Halls
               of
               Otterburne
               .
            
             
               Thirlwall
               of
               Thirlwall-castle
               .
            
             
               Killingworth
               of
               Killingworth
               .
            
          
           
             These
             ancient
             Noble
             Families
             continued
             many
             years
             valiant
             and
             faithfull
             unto
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             flourished
             all
             in
             their
             times
             ;
             untill
             the
             two
             powerfull
             Earles
             of
             the
             North
             rose
             in
             rebellion
             in
             Queen
             Elizabeths
             reigne
             ,
             who
             drew
             along
             with
             them
             many
             Gentry
             of
             the
             North
             ,
             who
             overthrew
             themselves
             and
             confederates
             ,
             and
             many
             ancient
             families
             of
             the
             North
             .
             Since
             many
             ancient
             names
             have
             been
             extinct
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             Heires
             Male
             ,
             and
             have
             been
             devolved
             upon
             other
             names
             and
             families
             .
          
           
             Since
             the
             union
             of
             both
             Kingdoms
             ,
             the
             Gentry
             of
             this
             Country
             hath
             given
             themselves
             to
             idlenesse
             ,
             luxury
             
             and
             covetousnesse
             ,
             living
             not
             in
             their
             own
             houses
             ,
             as
             their
             ancestours
             hath
             done
             ,
             profusely
             spending
             their
             revenues
             in
             other
             Countries
             ,
             and
             hath
             consumed
             of
             late
             their
             ancient
             houses
             .
          
           
             The
             Castles
             in
             the
             North
             are
             many
             and
             strong
             .
             Morpith-Castle
             ,
             so
             called
             ,
             from
             the
             death
             of
             the
             Picts
             in
             that
             place
             .
          
           
             Alnewick-Castle
             ,
             where
             the
             Earles
             of
             Northumberland
             kept
             their
             Court
             ;
             famous
             for
             two
             battels
             fought
             against
             the
             Scots
             ,
             who
             received
             a
             shamefull
             overthrow
             ,
             by
             the
             valour
             of
             the
             Earles
             of
             Northumberland
             .
          
           
             Upon
             Tweed
             and
             Borders
             ,
             are
             Wark-castle
             ,
             a
             Barony
             of
             the
             Grays
             .
             Norham-castle
             belonging
             to
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Durham
             .
             Barwick
             upon
             the
             left
             banck
             and
             river
             ,
             a
             strong
             Town
             of
             Warre
             ,
             opposite
             sometimes
             against
             the
             Scots
             ;
             the
             farthest
             bounds
             of
             the
             English
             Empire
             .
             Upon
             Till
             (
             a
             River
             falling
             into
             Tweed
             ,
             above
             Norham
             )
             is
             Ford-castle
             .
             To
             the
             West
             beyond
             the
             River
             ,
             riseth
             Floddon-Hill
             ,
             made
             famous
             by
             the
             death
             of
             James
             the
             fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             slain
             in
             a
             memorable
             battell
             by
             Thomas
             Howard
             ,
             Earle
             of
             Surrey
             ,
             Generall
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             in
             the
             reigne
             of
             Henry
             the
             Eighth
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             East
             Sea
             is
             Bambrough-castle
             ,
             and
             Dunstonbrough-castle
             ,
             builded
             by
             the
             Saxons
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             the
             Royall
             Seats
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Northumbers
             .
          
           
           
             Bambrough-castle
             afterward
             converted
             into
             a
             Priory
             ,
             and
             did
             homage
             and
             vassalage
             to
             their
             Lord
             Priour
             .
          
           
             Many
             battells
             and
             skirmishes
             hath
             been
             in
             this
             North
             ,
             and
             alwaies
             hath
             been
             victorious
             against
             the
             Scots
             .
             Besides
             the
             forenamed
             battels
             of
             Alnewick-castle
             ,
             and
             Floddon
             ;
             at
             Solommosse
             fifteen
             thousand
             Scots
             were
             put
             to
             flight
             ,
             eight
             hundred
             slain
             ,
             and
             one
             and
             twenty
             of
             their
             Nobles
             taken
             prisoners
             ,
             by
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             Lord
             Wardens
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             West
             ,
             and
             middle
             Marches
             appointed
             ,
             who
             had
             power
             by
             Martiall
             Law
             to
             represse
             all
             enormities
             and
             outrages
             committed
             in
             the
             Borders
             .
             They
             had
             their
             Laws
             ,
             called
             Border
             Laws
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             North
             toward
             the
             Borders
             ,
             is
             many
             Hills
             ;
             one
             of
             them
             most
             eminent
             ,
             called
             Cheviot
             Hill
             ,
             upon
             the
             top
             of
             it
             is
             Snow
             to
             be
             seen
             at
             Midsummer
             ;
             and
             a
             Land
             mark
             for
             Sea-men
             that
             comes
             out
             of
             the
             East
             parts
             from
             Danzieke
             ,
             through
             the
             Baltick
             Seas
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             King
             of
             Denmarks
             country
             ;
             it
             being
             the
             first
             land
             that
             Marriners
             make
             for
             the
             Coast
             of
             England
             .
             These
             Chiviot
             Hills
             is
             made
             famous
             for
             the
             hunting
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             Northumberland
             :
             at
             the
             hunting
             the
             Earl
             Duglas
             of
             Scotland
             who
             met
             him
             with
             his
             forces
             ,
             and
             engaged
             one
             the
             other
             ,
             where
             was
             great
             bickerings
             and
             skirmishes
             ,
             to
             the
             losse
             of
             many
             men
             ;
             where
             both
             Earles
             fought
             valiantly
             ,
             called
             to
             this
             day
             Cheviot
             Chase
             .
          
           
           
             There
             is
             many
             Dales
             ,
             the
             chief
             are
             Tinedale
             and
             Reedsdale
             ,
             a
             country
             that
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             did
             not
             subdue
             ,
             retaining
             to
             this
             day
             the
             ancient
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             ,
             (
             according
             to
             the
             County
             of
             Kent
             )
             whereby
             the
             lands
             of
             the
             father
             is
             equally
             divided
             at
             his
             death
             amongst
             all
             his
             sonnes
             .
             These
             Highlanders
             are
             famous
             for
             theeving
             ,
             they
             are
             all
             bred
             up
             and
             live
             by
             theft
             .
             They
             come
             down
             from
             these
             Dales
             into
             the
             low
             Countries
             ,
             and
             carry
             away
             horses
             and
             cattell
             ,
             so
             cunningly
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             be
             hard
             for
             any
             to
             get
             them
             ,
             or
             their
             cattell
             ,
             except
             they
             be
             acquainted
             with
             some
             Master
             Thiefe
             ;
             who
             for
             some
             mony
             (
             which
             they
             call
             Saufey
             mony
             )
             may
             help
             they
             to
             their
             stoln
             goods
             ,
             or
             deceive
             them
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             many
             every
             year
             brought
             in
             of
             them
             into
             the
             Goale
             of
             Newcastle
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             Assises
             are
             condemned
             and
             hanged
             ,
             sometimes
             twenty
             or
             thirty
             .
             They
             forfeit
             not
             their
             lands
             (
             according
             to
             the
             tenure
             in
             Gavelkind
             )
             the
             Father
             to
             Bough
             ,
             the
             Sonne
             to
             the
             Plough
             .
          
           
             The
             people
             of
             this
             Country
             hath
             had
             one
             barbarous
             Custome
             amongst
             them
             ;
             if
             any
             two
             be
             displeased
             ,
             they
             expect
             no
             law
             ,
             but
             bang
             it
             out
             bravely
             ,
             one
             and
             his
             kindred
             against
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             his
             ;
             they
             will
             subject
             themselves
             to
             no
             Justice
             ,
             but
             in
             an
             unhumane
             and
             barbarous
             manner
             ,
             fight
             and
             kill
             one
             another
             ;
             they
             run
             together
             clangs
             (
             as
             they
             terme
             it
             )
             or
             names
             .
          
           
           
             This
             fighting
             they
             call
             their
             Feides
             ,
             or
             deadly
             Feides
             ,
             a
             word
             so
             barbarous
             ,
             that
             I
             cannot
             expresse
             it
             in
             any
             other
             tongue
             .
             Of
             late
             ,
             since
             the
             union
             of
             both
             Kingdoms
             ,
             this
             heathenish
             bloody
             custom
             is
             repressed
             ,
             and
             good
             laws
             made
             against
             such
             barbarous
             and
             unchristian
             misdemeanours
             and
             fightings
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             North
             Country
             groweth
             plenty
             of
             hadder
             or
             ling
             ,
             good
             for
             Cattell
             to
             feed
             upon
             ,
             and
             for
             Moor-Fowle
             ,
             and
             Bees
             ;
             this
             hearbe
             yeeldeth
             a
             flower
             in
             June
             ,
             as
             sweet
             as
             Hony
             ,
             whereof
             the
             Picts
             in
             time
             past
             did
             make
             a
             pleasant
             drink
             ,
             wholsome
             for
             the
             body
             of
             Man
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             West
             parts
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             is
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             ruines
             of
             which
             is
             built
             many
             Towers
             and
             Houses
             in
             that
             part
             where
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             stood
             ;
             in
             some
             of
             the
             wast
             ground
             the
             Wall
             is
             to
             be
             seen
             of
             a
             great
             height
             ,
             and
             almost
             whole
             ,
             many
             stones
             have
             been
             found
             with
             Roma
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             names
             of
             the
             Roman
             Emperours
             ,
             Consuls
             ,
             and
             Proconsuls
             ,
             both
             in
             Stone
             and
             in
             Coine
             of
             Silver
             and
             Brasse
             ,
             with
             their
             Emperours
             Image
             upon
             them
             ;
             So
             the
             Picts
             Wall
             goes
             through
             Northumberland
             into
             Cumberland
             ,
             where
             I
             end
             my
             Peregrination
             and
             Travell
             ,
             keeping
             my selfe
             within
             the
             limits
             and
             bounds
             of
             Northumberland
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A42127e-1070
           
             *
             Camden
             .
          
        
      
      
  

