







 
   
     
       
         The frame of the government of the province of Pennsilvania in America together with certain laws agreed upon in England by the governour and divers free-men of the aforesaid province : to be further explained and confirmed there by the first provincial council and General Assembly that shall be held, if they see meet.
         Penn, William, 1644-1718.
      
       
         
           1682
        
      
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         A54139
         Wing P1292
         ESTC R18855
         13048387
         ocm 13048387
         96946
         
           
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             The frame of the government of the province of Pennsilvania in America together with certain laws agreed upon in England by the governour and divers free-men of the aforesaid province : to be further explained and confirmed there by the first provincial council and General Assembly that shall be held, if they see meet.
             Penn, William, 1644-1718.
          
           [4], 11 p.
           
             s.n.],
             [S.l. :
             1682.
          
           
             The preface and the "Frame of government" are signed: William Penn.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Pennsylvania -- Politics and government -- Colonial period, ca. 1660-1775.
        
      
    
     
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           The
           FRAME
           of
           the
           GOVERNMENT
           OF
           THE
           Province
           of
           Pennsilvania
           IN
           AMERICA
           :
           Together
           with
           certain
           LAWS
           Agreed
           upon
           in
           England
           BY
           THE
           GOVERNOUR
           AND
           Divers
           FREE-MEN
           of
           the
           aforesaid
           PROVINCE
           .
        
         
           To
           be
           further
           Explained
           and
           Confirmed
           there
           by
           the
           first
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           that
           shall
           be
           held
           ,
           if
           they
           see
           meet
           .
        
         
           Printed
           in
           the
           Year
           MDCLXXXII
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           VVHen
           the
           Great
           and
           
             Wise
             God
          
           had
           made
           the
           World
           ,
           of
           all
           his
           Creatures
           it
           pleased
           him
           to
           chuse
           Man
           his
           Deputy
           to
           Rule
           it
           :
           And
           to
           fit
           him
           for
           so
           great
           a
           Charge
           and
           Trust
           ,
           he
           did
           not
           only
           qualifie
           him
           with
           Skill
           and
           Power
           ,
           but
           with
           Integrity
           to
           use
           them
           justly
           .
           This
           
             Native
             Goodness
          
           was
           equally
           his
           Honour
           and
           his
           Happiness
           ;
           and
           whilst
           he
           stood
           here
           ,
           all
           went
           well
           :
           There
           was
           no
           need
           of
           Coercive
           or
           
             Compulsive
             means
          
           ;
           the
           Precept
           of
           
             Divine
             Love
          
           and
           Truth
           ,
           in
           his
           own
           Bosom
           was
           the
           Guide
           and
           Keeper
           of
           his
           Innocency
           .
           But
           Lust
           prevailing
           against
           Duty
           ,
           made
           a
           lamentable
           Breach
           upon
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           Law
           ,
           that
           before
           had
           no
           Power
           over
           him
           ,
           took
           place
           upon
           him
           and
           his
           Disobedient
           Posterity
           ,
           that
           such
           as
           would
           not
           live
           conformable
           to
           the
           
             holy
             Law
             within
          
           ,
           should
           fall
           under
           the
           Reproof
           and
           Correction
           of
           the
           
             just
             Law
             without
          
           in
           a
           Judicial
           Administration
           .
        
         
           This
           the
           Apostle
           teaches
           in
           divers
           of
           his
           Epistles
           :
           
             The
             Law
          
           (
           says
           he
           )
           
             was
             added
             because
             of
             Transgression
          
           :
           In
           another
           place
           ;
           
             Knowing
             that
             the
             Law
             was
             not
             made
             for
             the
             Righteous
             Man
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             Disobedient
             and
             Vngodly
             ,
             for
             Sinners
             ,
             for
             Vnholy
             and
             Prophane
             ,
             for
             Murderers
             ,
             for
             Whoremongers
             ,
             for
             them
             that
             Defile
             themselves
             with
             Mankind
             ,
             and
             for
             Men-stealers
             ,
             for
             Lyars
             ,
             for
             Perjured
             Persons
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           But
           this
           is
           not
           all
           ,
           he
           opens
           and
           carries
           the
           matter
           of
           Government
           a
           little
           farther
           ;
           
             Let
             every
             Soul
             be
             subject
             to
             the
             higher
             Powers
             ;
             for
             there
             is
             no
             Power
             but
             of
             God.
             The
             Powers
             that
             be
             ,
             are
             ordained
             of
             God
             :
             Whosoever
             therefore
             resisteth
             the
             Power
             ,
             resisteth
             the
             Ordinance
             of
             God.
             For
             Rulers
             are
             not
             a
             Terror
             to
             good
             Works
             ,
             but
             to
             Evil
             :
             Wilt
             thou
             then
             not
             be
             afraid
             of
             the
             Power
             ,
             Do
             that
             which
             is
             good
             ,
             and
             thou
             shalt
             have
             Praise
             of
             the
             same
             —
             He
             is
             the
             Minister
             of
             God
             to
             thee
             for
             good
             —
             Wherefore
             ,
             ye
             must
             needs
             be
             subject
             ,
             not
             only
             for
             Wrath
             ,
             but
             for
             Conscience
             sake
             .
          
           This
           settles
           the
           
             Divine
             Right
          
           of
           Government
           beyond
           Exception
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           two
           ends
           :
           First
           ,
           
             To
             Terrifie
             Evil-Doers
          
           :
           Secondly
           ,
           
             To
             Cherish
             those
             that
             do
             Well
          
           ;
           which
           gives
           Government
           a
           Life
           beyond
           Corruption
           ,
           and
           makes
           it
           as
           durable
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           
             Good
             Men
          
           shall
           be
           .
           So
           that
           Government
           seems
           to
           me
           a
           part
           of
           Religion
           it self
           ,
           a
           thing
           Sacred
           in
           its
           Institution
           and
           End
           :
           for
           if
           it
           does
           not
           directly
           remove
           the
           Cause
           ,
           it
           crushes
           the
           Effects
           of
           Evil
           ,
           and
           is
           as
           such
           (
           though
           a
           lower
           ,
           yet
           )
           an
           Emanation
           of
           the
           same
           
             Divine
             Power
          
           ,
           that
           is
           both
           Author
           and
           Object
           of
           
             Pure
             Religion
          
           ;
           the
           Difference
           lying
           here
           ,
           that
           the
           One
           is
           more
           Free
           and
           Mental
           ,
           the
           Other
           ,
           more
           Corporal
           and
           Compulsive
           in
           its
           Operations
           :
           But
           that
           is
           only
           to
           
             Evil-doers
             ;
             Government
          
           in
           it self
           being
           otherwise
           as
           capable
           of
           
             Kindness
             ,
             Goodness
          
           and
           Charity
           as
           a
           more
           private
           Society
           .
           They
           weakly
           Err
           ,
           that
           think
           there
           is
           no
           other
           use
           for
           Government
           ,
           than
           Correction
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           coursest
           part
           of
           it
           :
           Daily
           experience
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           the
           Care
           and
           Regulation
           of
           many
           other
           Affairs
           ,
           more
           soft
           and
           daily
           necessary
           ,
           make
           up
           much
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Government
           ;
           and
           which
           must
           have
           followed
           the
           Peopling
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           had
           Adam
           never
           fell
           ,
           and
           will
           continue
           among
           Men
           on
           Earth
           under
           the
           highest
           Attainments
           they
           may
           arrive
           at
           ,
           by
           the
           Coming
           of
           the
           blessed
           
             Second
             Adam
          
           ,
           the
           
             Lord
             from
             Heaven
          
           .
           —
           Thus
           much
           of
           Government
           in
           General
           ,
           as
           to
           its
           Rise
           and
           End.
           
        
         
           For
           
             particular
             Frames
          
           and
           Models
           ,
           it
           will
           become
           me
           to
           say
           little
           ;
           and
           comparatively
           I
           will
           say
           nothing
           .
           My
           Reasons
           are
           ,
           First
           ,
           That
           the
           Age
           is
           too
           nice
           and
           difficult
           for
           it
           ,
           there
           being
           nothing
           the
           Wits
           of
           Men
           are
           more
           busie
           and
           divided
           upon
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           they
           seem
           to
           agree
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Happiness
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           means
           they
           differ
           ,
           as
           to
           Divine
           ,
           so
           to
           this
           Humane
           Felicity
           ;
           and
           the
           cause
           is
           much
           the
           same
           ,
           not
           alwayes
           want
           of
           Light
           and
           Knowledge
           ,
           but
           want
           of
           using
           them
           rightly
           .
           Men
           side
           with
           their
           Passions
           against
           their
           Reason
           ;
           and
           their
           
             sinister
             Interests
          
           have
           so
           strong
           a
           Byass
           upon
           their
           minds
           ,
           that
           they
           lean
           to
           them
           against
           the
           good
           of
           the
           things
           they
           know
           .
        
         
         
           Secondly
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           find
           a
           Model
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           that
           
             Time
             ,
             Place
          
           and
           some
           singular
           Emergencies
           have
           not
           necessarily
           alter'd
           ;
           nor
           is
           it
           easie
           to
           frame
           a
           
             Civil
             Government
          
           ,
           that
           shall
           serve
           all
           places
           alike
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           I
           know
           what
           is
           said
           by
           the
           several
           Admirers
           of
           
             Monarchy
             ,
             Aristocracy
          
           and
           Democracy
           ,
           whith
           are
           the
           Rule
           of
           One
           ,
           a
           Few
           and
           Many
           ,
           and
           are
           the
           
             Three
             Common
             Idea's
          
           of
           Government
           ,
           when
           men
           discourse
           of
           that
           Subject
           .
           But
           I
           chuse
           to
           solve
           the
           Controversie
           with
           this
           small
           Distinction
           ,
           and
           it
           belongs
           to
           all
           three
           :
           Any
           Government
           is
           Free
           to
           the
           People
           under
           it
           (
           what-ever
           be
           the
           Frame
           )
           
             where
             the
             Laws
             Rule
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             are
             a
             Party
             to
             those
             Laws
             ,
          
           and
           more
           then
           this
           is
           
             Tyranny
             ,
             Oligarchy
          
           or
           Confusion
           .
        
         
           But
           Lastly
           ,
           when
           all
           is
           said
           ,
           there
           is
           hardly
           one
           Frame
           of
           Government
           in
           the
           World
           so
           ill
           design'd
           by
           its
           first
           Founders
           ,
           that
           in
           
             good
             hands
          
           would
           not
           do
           well
           enough
           ;
           and
           Story
           tells
           us
           ,
           The
           Best
           in
           
             Ill
             Ones
          
           can
           do
           nothing
           that
           is
           great
           or
           good
           ;
           witness
           the
           Jewish
           and
           Roman
           States
           .
           Governments
           ,
           like
           Clocks
           ,
           go
           from
           the
           motion
           Men
           give
           them
           ;
           and
           as
           Governments
           are
           made
           and
           mov'd
           by
           Men
           ,
           so
           by
           Them
           they
           are
           Ruin'd
           too
           :
           wherefore
           Governments
           rather
           depend
           upon
           Men
           ,
           then
           Men
           upon
           Governments
           .
           Let
           Men
           be
           good
           ,
           and
           the
           Government
           can't
           be
           bad
           ;
           if
           it
           be
           ill
           ,
           they
           will
           cure
           it
           :
           but
           if
           Men
           be
           bad
           ,
           let
           the
           Government
           be
           never
           so
           good
           ,
           they
           will
           endeavour
           to
           warp
           and
           spoil
           it
           to
           their
           Turn
           .
        
         
           I
           know
           some
           say
           ,
           
             Let
             us
             have
             
               good
               Laws
            
             ,
             and
             no
             matter
             for
             the
             Men
             that
             Execute
             them
             :
          
           But
           let
           them
           consider
           ,
           that
           though
           
             good
             Laws
          
           do
           
             well
             ,
             good
             Men
          
           do
           better
           ;
           for
           
             good
             Laws
          
           may
           want
           
             good
             Men
          
           ,
           and
           be
           abolished
           or
           evaded
           by
           
             ill
             Men
          
           ;
           but
           
             good
             Men
          
           will
           never
           want
           
             good
             Laws
          
           nor
           suffer
           
             Ill
             Ones
          
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           
             good
             Laws
          
           have
           some
           Awe
           upon
           
             Ill
             Ministers
          
           ,
           but
           that
           is
           where
           They
           have
           not
           Power
           to
           escape
           or
           abolish
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           People
           are
           generally
           wise
           and
           good
           :
           But
           a
           loose
           and
           deprav'd
           People
           (
           which
           is
           to
           the
           Question
           )
           love
           Laws
           and
           an
           Administration
           like
           themselves
           .
           That
           therefore
           which
           makes
           a
           good
           Constitution
           must
           keep
           it
           ;
           
             (
             viz.
             )
             Men
             of
             Wisdom
             and
             Virtue
          
           ;
           qualities
           ,
           that
           because
           they
           descend
           not
           with
           Worldly
           Inheritances
           ,
           must
           be
           carefully
           propagated
           by
           a
           
             virtuous
             Education
          
           of
           Youth
           ;
           for
           which
           After-Ages
           will
           owe
           more
           to
           the
           care
           and
           prudence
           of
           Founders
           and
           the
           successive
           Magistracy
           ,
           then
           to
           their
           Parents
           for
           their
           private
           Patrimonies
           .
        
         
           These
           Considerations
           of
           the
           Weight
           of
           Government
           ,
           and
           the
           nice
           and
           various
           Opinions
           about
           it
           ,
           made
           it
           uneasie
           to
           Me
           to
           think
           of
           publishing
           the
           ensuing
           Frame
           and
           
             Conditional
             Laws
          
           ,
           foreseeing
           ,
           both
           the
           Censures
           they
           will
           meet
           with
           from
           Men
           of
           differing
           Humors
           and
           engagements
           ,
           and
           the
           occasion
           they
           may
           give
           of
           discourse
           beyond
           my
           design
           .
        
         
           But
           next
           to
           the
           Power
           of
           Necessity
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           a
           Solicitor
           that
           will
           take
           no
           denial
           )
           this
           induc'd
           me
           to
           a
           Compliance
           ,
           that
           we
           have
           (
           with
           Reverence
           to
           God
           and
           
             good
             Conscience
          
           to
           Men
           )
           to
           the
           best
           of
           our
           Skill
           contrived
           and
           composed
           the
           Frame
           and
           Laws
           of
           this
           Government
           to
           the
           great
           End
           of
           all
           Government
           ,
           viz.
           
             To
             support
             Power
             in
             Reverence
             with
             the
             People
             ,
             And
             to
             secure
             the
             People
             from
             the
             abuse
             of
             Power
          
           ;
           that
           they
           may
           be
           Free
           by
           their
           
             just
             Obedience
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Magistrates
           Honourable
           for
           their
           
             just
             Administration
          
           :
           For
           Liberty
           without
           Obedience
           is
           Confusion
           ,
           and
           Obedience
           without
           Liberty
           is
           Slavery
           .
           To
           carry
           this
           Evenness
           is
           partly
           owing
           to
           the
           Constitution
           ,
           and
           partly
           to
           the
           Magistracy
           ;
           where
           either
           of
           these
           fail
           ,
           Government
           will
           be
           subject
           to
           Convulsions
           :
           but
           where
           both
           are
           wanting
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           totally
           subverted
           :
           Then
           where
           both
           meet
           ,
           the
           Government
           is
           like
           to
           endure
           :
           Which
           I
           humbly
           pray
           and
           hope
           ,
           God
           will
           please
           to
           make
           the
           Lot
           of
           This
           of
           Pennsilvania
           :
           Amen
           .
        
         
           
             VVilliam
             Penn.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           FRAME
           OF
           THE
           
             Government
             of
             Pennsilvania
          
           IN
           AMERICA
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             
               To
               all
               People
            
             ,
             to
             whom
             these
             Presents
             shall
             come
             :
          
        
         
           WHEREAS
           
             King
             Charles
          
           the
           Second
           ,
           by
           his
           Letters
           Patents
           ,
           under
           the
           
             Great
             Seal
          
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           the
           Considerations
           therein
           mentioned
           ,
           hath
           been
           graciously
           pleased
           to
           Give
           and
           Grant
           unto
           Me
           
             William
             Penn
          
           (
           by
           the
           Name
           of
           
             William
             Penn
             Esquire
          
           ,
           Son
           and
           Heir
           of
           
             Sir
             Willam
             Penn
          
           deceased
           )
           and
           to
           My
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           forever
           ,
           
             All
             that
             Tract
             of
             Land
             or
             Province
             ,
             called
             Pennsilvania
             ,
             in
          
           America
           ,
           
             with
             divers
             great
             Powers
             ,
             Preheminencies
             ,
             Royalties
             ,
             Jurisdictions
             and
             Authorities
             necessary
             for
             the
             Well-being
             and
             Government
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           
             Now
             know
             Ye
          
           ,
           That
           for
           the
           Well-being
           and
           Government
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Encouragement
           of
           all
           the
           Free-men
           and
           Planters
           that
           may
           be
           therein
           concerned
           ,
           in
           pursuance
           of
           the
           Powers
           aforementioned
           ,
           I
           the
           said
           
             William
             Penn
          
           have
           
             Declared
             ,
             Granted
          
           and
           Confirmed
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           Presents
           for
           Me
           ,
           my
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           do
           
             Declare
             ,
             Grant
          
           and
           Confirm
           unto
           all
           the
           
             Free-men
             ,
             Planters
          
           and
           Adventurers
           of
           ,
           in
           and
           to
           the
           said
           Province
           These
           
             Liberties
             ,
             Franchises
          
           and
           Properties
           to
           be
           held
           ,
           enjoyed
           and
           kept
           by
           the
           
             Free-men
             ,
             Planters
          
           and
           Inhabitants
           of
           and
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           of
           Pennsilvania
           forever
           .
        
         
           Imprimis
           ,
           That
           the
           Government
           of
           this
           Province
           shall
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Powers
           of
           the
           Patent
           ,
           consist
           of
           the
           Governour
           and
           Free-men
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           in
           the
           Form
           of
           a
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           by
           whom
           all
           Laws
           shall
           be
           made
           .
           Officers
           chosen
           and
           publick
           Affairs
           Transacted
           ,
           as
           is
           hereafter
           respectively
           declared
           ;
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
        
         
           II.
           That
           the
           Free-men
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           shall
           on
           the
           Twentieth
           day
           of
           the
           Twelfth
           Moneth
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           in
           this
           present
           Year
           
             One
             Thousand
             Six
             Hundred
             Eighty
             and
             Two
             ,
          
           Meet
           and
           Assembly
           in
           some
           fit
           place
           ,
           of
           which
           timely
           Notice
           shall
           be
           beforehand
           given
           by
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           then
           and
           there
           shall
           chuse
           out
           of
           themselves
           
             Seventy
             Two
          
           Persons
           of
           most
           Note
           for
           their
           
             Wisdom
             ,
             Virtue
          
           and
           Ability
           ,
           who
           shall
           meet
           on
           the
           Tenth
           day
           of
           the
           First
           
           Moneth
           next
           ensuing
           ,
           and
           alwayes
           be
           called
           and
           act
           as
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
         
           III.
           That
           at
           the
           first
           Choice
           of
           such
           
             Provincial
             Council
             ,
             
               One
               Third
               part
            
          
           of
           the
           said
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           be
           chosen
           to
           serve
           for
           Three
           Years
           then
           next
           ensuing
           ,
           
             One
             Third
             part
          
           for
           Two
           Years
           then
           next
           ensuing
           ,
           and
           
             One
             Third
             part
          
           for
           One
           Year
           then
           next
           following
           such
           Election
           ,
           and
           no
           longer
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           said
           Third
           part
           shall
           go
           out
           accordingly
           .
           And
           on
           the
           Twentieth
           day
           of
           the
           Twelfth
           Moneth
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           yearly
           ,
           forever
           afterward
           ,
           the
           Free-men
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           shall
           in
           like
           manner
           Meet
           and
           Assemble
           together
           ,
           and
           then
           chuse
           
             Twenty
             Four
          
           Persons
           ,
           being
           
             One
             Third
          
           of
           the
           said
           Number
           ,
           to
           serve
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           for
           Three
           Years
           ,
           it
           being
           intended
           ,
           that
           
             One
             Third
          
           of
           the
           whole
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           (
           alwayes
           consisting
           and
           to
           consist
           of
           Seventy
           Two
           Persons
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           )
           falling
           off
           Yearly
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           yearly
           supplied
           by
           such
           new
           yearly
           Elections
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           And
           that
           no
           one
           Person
           shall
           continue
           therein
           longer
           than
           Three
           Years
           :
           And
           in
           case
           any
           Member
           shall
           decease
           before
           the
           last
           Election
           ,
           during
           his
           time
           ,
           that
           then
           at
           the
           next
           Election
           ensuing
           his
           Decease
           ,
           another
           shall
           be
           chosen
           to
           supply
           his
           place
           for
           the
           remaining
           time
           he
           was
           to
           have
           served
           ,
           and
           no
           longer
           .
        
         
           IV.
           That
           after
           the
           first
           Seven
           Years
           ,
           every
           one
           of
           the
           said
           
             Third
             parts
          
           that
           goeth
           yearly
           off
           ,
           shall
           be
           uncapable
           of
           being
           Chosen
           again
           for
           one
           whole
           Year
           following
           :
           That
           so
           all
           may
           be
           sitted
           for
           Government
           ,
           and
           have
           Experience
           of
           the
           Care
           and
           Burden
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           V.
           That
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           in
           all
           Cases
           and
           Matters
           of
           Moment
           ,
           as
           their
           
             Arguing
             upon
             Bills
             to
             be
             past
             into
             Laws
             ,
             Erecting
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             ,
             giving
             Judgment
             upon
             Criminals
             Impeached
             ,
             and
             Choice
             of
             Officers
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             is
             herein
             after
             mentioned
             ,
          
           Not
           less
           than
           
             Two
             Thirds
          
           of
           the
           whole
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           make
           a
           Quorum
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Consent
           and
           Approbation
           of
           
             Two
             Thirds
          
           of
           such
           Quorum
           shall
           be
           had
           in
           all
           such
           Cases
           or
           Matters
           of
           Moment
           .
           And
           moreover
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           Cases
           and
           Matters
           of
           lesser
           Moment
           ,
           Twenty
           Four
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           make
           a
           Quorum
           ,
           the
           Majority
           of
           which
           twenty
           four
           shall
           and
           may
           always
           Determine
           in
           such
           Cases
           &
           Causes
           of
           lesser
           Moment
           .
        
         
           VI.
           That
           in
           this
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           shall
           or
           may
           alwayes
           preside
           and
           have
           a
           
             Treble
             Voice
          
           ;
           and
           the
           said
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           alwayes
           continue
           and
           sit
           upon
           its
           own
           Adjournments
           and
           Committees
           .
        
         
           VII
           .
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           prepare
           and
           propose
           to
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           hereafter
           mentioned
           ,
           all
           Bills
           ,
           which
           they
           shall
           at
           any
           time
           think
           fit
           to
           be
           past
           into
           Laws
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ;
           which
           Bills
           shall
           be
           Publisht
           and
           Affixed
           to
           the
           most
           noted
           Places
           in
           the
           Inhabited
           Parts
           thereof
           Thirty
           Dayes
           before
           the
           Meeting
           of
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           passing
           of
           them
           into
           Laws
           ,
           or
           rejecting
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           shall
           see
           meet
           .
        
         
           VIII
           .
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           take
           Care
           ,
           that
           all
           
             Laws
             ,
             Statutes
          
           and
           Ordinances
           ,
           which
           shall
           at
           any
           time
           be
           made
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           be
           duely
           and
           diligently
           Executed
           .
        
         
           IX
           .
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           at
           all
           times
           have
           the
           Care
           of
           the
           Peace
           and
           Safety
           of
           the
           Province
           ;
           and
           that
           nothing
           be
           by
           any
           Person
           attempted
           to
           the
           Subversion
           of
           this
           Frame
           of
           Government
           .
        
         
         
           X.
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           at
           all
           times
           settle
           and
           order
           the
           Scituation
           of
           all
           
             Cities
             ,
             Ports
          
           and
           Market-Towns
           in
           every
           County
           ,
           modelling
           therein
           all
           publick
           
             Buildings
             ,
             Streets
          
           and
           Market-Places
           ;
           and
           shall
           appoint
           all
           necessary
           Roads
           and
           Highwayes
           in
           the
           Province
           .
        
         
           XI
           .
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           at
           all
           times
           have
           Power
           to
           inspect
           the
           Management
           of
           the
           publick
           Treasury
           ,
           and
           punish
           those
           who
           shall
           Convert
           any
           part
           thereof
           to
           any
           other
           use
           ,
           than
           what
           hath
           been
           agreed
           upon
           by
           the
           
             Governour
             ,
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           .
        
         
           XII
           .
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           erect
           and
           order
           all
           
             publick
             Schools
          
           ,
           and
           encourage
           and
           reward
           the
           Authors
           of
           
             useful
             Sciences
          
           and
           
             laudable
             Inventions
          
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
           XIII
           .
           That
           for
           the
           better
           Management
           of
           the
           Powers
           and
           Trust
           aforesaid
           ,
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           from
           time
           to
           time
           divide
           it self
           into
           Four
           distinct
           and
           proper
           Committees
           ,
           for
           the
           more
           easie
           Administration
           of
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           which
           divides
           the
           
             Seventy
             Two
          
           into
           four
           Eighteens
           ,
           every
           one
           of
           which
           Eighteens
           shall
           consist
           of
           Six
           out
           of
           each
           of
           the
           
             Three
             Orders
          
           or
           
             Yearly
             Elections
          
           ,
           each
           of
           which
           shall
           have
           a
           distinct
           portion
           of
           Business
           ,
           as
           followeth
           .
           First
           ,
           A
           Committee
           of
           Plantations
           ,
           to
           scituate
           and
           settle
           Cities
           ,
           Ports
           ,
           Market-Towns
           and
           High-wayes
           ,
           and
           to
           hear
           and
           decide
           all
           Suits
           and
           Controversies
           relating
           to
           Plantations
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           A
           Committee
           of
           Justice
           and
           Safety
           to
           secure
           the
           Peace
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           and
           punish
           the
           Male-Administration
           of
           those
           who
           subvert
           Justice
           to
           the
           Prejudice
           of
           the
           publick
           or
           private
           Interest
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           A
           Committee
           of
           Trade
           and
           Treasury
           ,
           who
           shall
           regulate
           all
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           according
           to
           Law
           ,
           encourage
           Manufacture
           and
           Country-growth
           ,
           and
           defray
           the
           publick
           Charge
           of
           the
           Province
           .
           And
           Fourthly
           ,
           A
           Committee
           of
           
             Manners
             ,
             Education
          
           and
           Arts
           ,
           that
           all
           Wicked
           and
           Scandalous
           Living
           may
           be
           prevented
           ,
           and
           that
           Youth
           may
           be
           successively
           trained
           up
           in
           Virtue
           and
           
             useful
             Knowledge
          
           and
           Arts
           ;
           the
           Quorum
           of
           each
           of
           which
           Committees
           being
           Six
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           Two
           out
           of
           each
           of
           the
           three
           Orders
           or
           yearly
           Elections
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           make
           a
           constant
           or
           
             standing
             Council
          
           of
           twenty
           four
           ,
           which
           will
           have
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           ,
           being
           the
           Quorum
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           all
           Cases
           not
           excepted
           in
           the
           fifth
           Article
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           said
           Committees
           and
           
             standing
             Council
          
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           shall
           or
           may
           Preside
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           And
           in
           the
           Absence
           of
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ;
           if
           no
           one
           is
           by
           either
           of
           them
           appointed
           ,
           the
           said
           Committees
           or
           Council
           shall
           appoint
           a
           President
           for
           that
           time
           ,
           and
           not
           otherwise
           ;
           and
           what
           shall
           be
           resolved
           at
           such
           Committees
           ,
           shall
           be
           reported
           to
           the
           said
           Council
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           by
           them
           Resolved
           and
           Confirmed
           before
           the
           same
           shall
           be
           put
           in
           Execution
           :
           And
           that
           these
           respective
           Committees
           shall
           not
           sit
           at
           one
           and
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           except
           in
           cases
           of
           necessity
           .
        
         
           XIV
           .
           And
           to
           the
           end
           that
           all
           Laws
           prepared
           by
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           aforesaid
           ,
           may
           yet
           have
           the
           more
           full
           Concurrence
           of
           the
           Free-men
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           It
           is
           Declared
           ,
           Granted
           and
           Confirmed
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           time
           and
           Place
           or
           Places
           ,
           for
           the
           Choice
           of
           a
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           the
           said
           Free-men
           shall
           Yearly
           chuse
           Members
           to
           serve
           in
           a
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           as
           their
           Representatives
           ,
           not
           exceeding
           Two
           Hundred
           Persons
           ,
           who
           shall
           Yearly
           meet
           on
           the
           Twentieth
           Day
           of
           the
           second
           Moneth
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Year
           1683.
           following
           ,
           in
           the
           
             Capital
             Town
          
           or
           City
           of
           the
           said
           
           Province
           ,
           where
           during
           Eight
           Dayes
           the
           several
           Members
           may
           freely
           Confer
           with
           one
           another
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           of
           them
           see
           meet
           ,
           with
           a
           Committee
           of
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           (
           consisting
           of
           Three
           out
           of
           each
           of
           the
           Four
           Committees
           aforesaid
           ,
           being
           Twelve
           in
           all
           )
           which
           shall
           be
           at
           that
           time
           purposely
           Appointed
           to
           receive
           from
           any
           of
           them
           Proposals
           for
           the
           Alteration
           or
           Amendment
           of
           any
           of
           the
           said
           proposed
           and
           promulgated
           Bills
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           Ninth
           Day
           from
           their
           so
           meeting
           ,
           the
           said
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           after
           the
           reading
           over
           of
           the
           proposed
           Bills
           by
           the
           Clark
           of
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Occasions
           and
           Motives
           for
           them
           being
           opened
           by
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           shall
           give
           their
           Affirmative
           or
           Negative
           ,
           which
           to
           them
           seemeth
           best
           ,
           in
           such
           manner
           as
           hereafter
           is
           exprest
           :
           But
           not
           less
           than
           
             two
             Thirds
          
           shall
           make
           a
           Quorum
           in
           the
           Passing
           of
           Laws
           and
           Choice
           of
           such
           Officers
           as
           are
           by
           them
           to
           be
           Chosen
           .
        
         
           XV.
           That
           the
           Laws
           so
           prepared
           and
           proposed
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           that
           are
           Assented
           to
           by
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           Enrolled
           ,
           as
           Laws
           of
           the
           Province
           ,
           with
           this
           Stile
           ,
           
             By
             the
             Governour
             ,
             with
             the
             Assent
             and
             Approbation
             of
             the
             Free-men
             in
             Provincial
             Council
             and
             General
             Assembly
             .
          
        
         
           XVI
           .
           That
           for
           the
           better
           Establishment
           of
           the
           Government
           and
           Laws
           of
           this
           Province
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           end
           there
           may
           be
           an
           Universal
           Satisfaction
           in
           the
           laying
           of
           the
           Fundamentals
           thereof
           ,
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           shall
           or
           may
           for
           the
           first
           Year
           consist
           of
           all
           the
           Free-men
           of
           and
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ;
           and
           ever
           after
           it
           shall
           be
           yearly
           Chosen
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           :
           which
           Number
           of
           
             Two
             Hundred
          
           shall
           be
           Enlarged
           as
           the
           Country
           shall
           Encrease
           in
           People
           ,
           so
           as
           it
           do
           not
           Exceed
           
             Five
             Hundred
          
           at
           any
           time
           :
           The
           Appointment
           and
           Proportioning
           of
           which
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           Laying
           and
           Methodizing
           of
           the
           Choice
           of
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           in
           future
           times
           most
           Equally
           to
           the
           Division
           of
           the
           Hundreds
           and
           Counties
           ,
           which
           the
           Country
           shall
           hereafter
           be
           divided
           into
           ,
           shall
           be
           in
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           to
           Propose
           ,
           and
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           to
           Resolve
           .
        
         
           XVII
           .
           That
           the
           Governour
           and
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           Erect
           from
           time
           to
           time
           
             standing
             Courts
             of
             Justice
          
           in
           such
           Places
           and
           Number
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           judge
           Convenient
           for
           the
           good
           Government
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           .
           And
           that
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           on
           the
           
             Thirteenth
             Day
          
           of
           the
           First
           Moneth
           Yearly
           Elect
           and
           Present
           to
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           a
           double
           Number
           of
           Persons
           to
           serve
           for
           
             Judges
             ,
             Treasurers
             ,
             Masters
          
           of
           Rolls
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           for
           the
           Year
           next
           ensuing
           .
           And
           the
           Free-men
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           in
           their
           County-Courts
           ,
           when
           they
           shall
           be
           erected
           ,
           and
           till
           then
           ,
           in
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           shall
           on
           the
           
             Three
             and
             Twentieth
          
           Day
           of
           the
           Second
           Moneth
           yearly
           Elect
           and
           Present
           to
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           a
           
             Double
             Number
          
           of
           Persons
           to
           serve
           for
           
             Sheriffs
             ,
             Justices
          
           of
           Peace
           and
           Coroners
           for
           the
           Year
           next
           ensuing
           ;
           Out
           of
           which
           Respective
           Elections
           and
           Presentments
           the
           Governour
           or
           his
           Deputy
           shall
           Nominate
           and
           Commissionate
           the
           proper
           Number
           for
           each
           Office
           the
           
             Third
             day
          
           after
           the
           said
           respective
           Presentments
           ,
           or
           else
           the
           First
           named
           in
           such
           Presentment
           for
           each
           Office
           shall
           stand
           and
           serve
           for
           that
           Office
           the
           Year
           ensuing
           .
        
         
           XVIII
           .
           But
           for
           as
           much
           as
           the
           present
           Condition
           of
           the
           Province
           requires
           some
           
             Immediate
             Settlement
          
           ,
           and
           admits
           not
           of
           so
           quick
           a
           Revolution
           of
           Officers
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           end
           the
           said
           Province
           may
           with
           all
           convenient
           Speed
           be
           well
           ordered
           and
           settled
           ,
           I
           
             William
             Penn
          
           do
           therefore
           think
           fit
           to
           Nominate
           and
           Appoint
           such
           Persons
           for
           
             Judges
             ,
             Treasurers
             ,
             Masters
             of
             the
             Rolls
             ,
             Sheriffs
             ,
             Justices
             of
             
             the
             Peace
          
           and
           Coroners
           ,
           as
           are
           most
           fitly
           qualified
           for
           those
           Employments
           ;
           to
           whom
           I
           shall
           make
           and
           grant
           Commissions
           for
           the
           said
           Offices
           ,
           respectively
           to
           hold
           to
           them
           to
           whom
           the
           same
           shall
           be
           granted
           ,
           for
           so
           long
           time
           as
           every
           such
           Person
           shall
           
             Well
             behave
             himself
          
           in
           the
           Office
           or
           Place
           to
           him
           respectively
           granted
           ,
           and
           no
           longer
           .
           And
           upon
           the
           Decease
           or
           Displacing
           of
           any
           of
           the
           said
           Officers
           ,
           the
           succeeding
           Officer
           or
           Officers
           shall
           be
           chosen
           as
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
           XIX
           .
           That
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           shall
           continue
           so
           long
           as
           may
           be
           needful
           to
           
             Impeach
             Criminals
          
           ,
           fit
           to
           be
           there
           Impeached
           ,
           to
           
             pass
             Bills
          
           into
           Laws
           ,
           that
           they
           shall
           think
           fit
           to
           pass
           into
           Laws
           ,
           and
           till
           such
           time
           as
           the
           Governour
           and
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           declare
           ,
           That
           they
           have
           nothing
           further
           to
           propose
           unto
           them
           for
           their
           Assent
           and
           Approbation
           :
           And
           that
           Declaration
           shall
           be
           a
           Dismiss
           to
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           for
           that
           time
           ;
           which
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           shall
           be
           notwithstanding
           capable
           of
           Assembling
           together
           upon
           the
           Summons
           of
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           at
           any
           time
           during
           that
           year
           ,
           if
           the
           said
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           see
           occasion
           for
           their
           so
           Assembling
           .
        
         
           XX.
           That
           all
           the
           Elections
           of
           Members
           or
           Representatives
           of
           the
           People
           to
           serve
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           and
           all
           Questions
           to
           be
           determined
           by
           both
           or
           either
           of
           them
           that
           relate
           to
           Passing
           of
           Bills
           into
           Laws
           ,
           To
           the
           Choice
           of
           Officers
           ,
           To
           Impeachments
           made
           by
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           and
           
             Judgment
             of
             Criminals
             upon
          
           such
           
             Impeachments
             by
             the
             
               Provincial
               Council
            
          
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           other
           Cases
           by
           them
           respectively
           judged
           of
           Importance
           ,
           shall
           be
           resolved
           and
           determined
           by
           the
           Ballot
           ;
           and
           unless
           on
           Suddain
           and
           Indispensible
           Occasions
           ,
           no
           Business
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           ,
           or
           its
           respective
           Committees
           shall
           be
           finally
           determined
           the
           same
           day
           that
           it
           is
           moved
           .
        
         
           XXI
           .
           And
           that
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           when
           and
           so
           often
           as
           it
           shall
           happen
           ,
           that
           the
           Governour
           shall
           or
           may
           be
           an
           Infant
           under
           the
           Age
           of
           One
           and
           Twenty
           years
           ,
           and
           no
           Guardians
           or
           Commissioners
           are
           appointed
           in
           writing
           by
           the
           Father
           of
           the
           said
           Infant
           ,
           or
           that
           such
           Guardians
           or
           Commissioners
           shall
           be
           deceased
           ,
           that
           during
           such
           Minority
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           shall
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           as
           they
           shall
           see
           meet
           ,
           constitute
           and
           appoint
           Guardians
           or
           Commissioners
           ,
           not
           exceeding
           Three
           ,
           one
           of
           which
           three
           shall
           Preside
           as
           Deputy
           and
           
             Chief
             Guardian
          
           ,
           during
           such
           Minority
           ,
           and
           shall
           have
           and
           execute
           with
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           other
           Two
           all
           the
           Power
           of
           a
           Governour
           in
           all
           the
           publick
           Affairs
           and
           Concerns
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
           XXII
           .
           That
           as
           often
           as
           any
           day
           of
           the
           Moneth
           ,
           mentioned
           in
           any
           Article
           of
           this
           Charter
           ,
           shall
           fall
           upon
           the
           
             First
             Day
          
           of
           the
           Week
           ,
           commonly
           called
           the
           
             Lords
             Day
          
           ,
           the
           Business
           appointed
           for
           that
           day
           shall
           be
           deferred
           till
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           unless
           in
           case
           of
           Emergency
           .
        
         
           XXIII
           .
           That
           no
           
             Act
             ,
             Law
          
           or
           Ordinance
           whatsoever
           ,
           shall
           at
           any
           time
           hereafter
           be
           made
           or
           done
           by
           the
           Governour
           of
           this
           Province
           ,
           his
           Heirs
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           Free-men
           in
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           ,
           or
           the
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           to
           
             Alter
             ,
             Change
          
           or
           Diminish
           the
           Form
           or
           Effect
           of
           this
           Charter
           ,
           or
           any
           Part
           or
           Clause
           thereof
           ,
           or
           contrary
           to
           the
           true
           Intent
           and
           Meaning
           thereof
           ,
           
             without
             the
             Consent
             of
             the
             Governour
             ,
             his
             Heirs
             or
             Assigns
             ,
             and
             Six
             Parts
             of
             Seven
             of
             the
             said
             Free-men
             in
             
               Provincial
               Council
            
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           .
        
         
         
           XXIV
           .
           And
           Lastly
           ,
           That
           I
           ,
           the
           said
           
             William
             Penn
          
           ,
           for
           My Self
           ,
           my
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           have
           
             Solemnly
             Declared
             ,
             Granted
          
           and
           Confirmed
           ,
           and
           do
           hereby
           
             Solemnly
             Declare
             ,
             Grant
          
           and
           Confirm
           ,
           That
           neither
           I
           ,
           My
           Heirs
           nor
           
             Assigns
             
               shall
               procure
               or
               do
               any
               thing
               or
               things
               ,
               whereby
               the
            
          
           Liberties
           
             in
             this
          
           Charter
           
             contained
             and
             expressed
             ,
             shall
             be
             infringed
             or
             broken
             :
          
           And
           if
           any
           thing
           be
           procured
           by
           any
           Person
           or
           Persons
           contrary
           to
           these
           Premises
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           held
           of
           
             no
             Force
             or
             Effect
          
        
         
           
             In
             Witness
          
           whereof
           I
           the
           said
           
             William
             Penn
          
           have
           unto
           this
           present
           Charter
           of
           Liberties
           set
           my
           Hand
           and
           Broad
           Seal
           
             this
             Five
             and
             Twentieth
             Day
             of
             the
             Second
             Moneth
             ,
             vulgarly
             called
             April
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             of
             our
             Lord
             One
             Thousand
             Six
             Hundred
             Eighty
             and
             Two.
             
          
           
             William
             Penn.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Laws
           agreed
           upon
           in
           England
           
             BY
             THE
             GOVERNOUR
             And
             Divers
             of
             the
          
           Free-Men
           of
           Pennsilvania
           ,
        
         
           To
           be
           further
           Explained
           and
           Confirmed
           there
           by
           the
           first
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           that
           shall
           be
           held
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           if
           they
           see
           meet
           .
        
         
           I.
           THAT
           the
           Charter
           of
           Liberties
           Declared
           ,
           Granted
           and
           Confirmed
           the
           Five
           and
           Twentieth
           day
           of
           the
           Second
           Moneth
           called
           April
           ,
           1682.
           before
           divers
           Witnesses
           by
           
             William
             Penn
             ,
             Governour
          
           and
           
             Chief
             Proprietor
          
           of
           Pennsilvania
           ,
           to
           all
           the
           Free-men
           and
           Planters
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           is
           hereby
           declared
           and
           approved
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           forever
           held
           for
           a
           Fundamental
           in
           the
           Government
           thereof
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Limitations
           mentioned
           in
           the
           said
           Charter
           .
        
         
           II.
           That
           every
           Inhabitant
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           that
           is
           or
           shall
           be
           a
           Purchaser
           of
           One
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Land
           or
           upwards
           ,
           his
           Heirs
           and
           Assigns
           ;
           and
           every
           Person
           who
           shall
           have
           paid
           his
           Passage
           ,
           and
           taken
           up
           One
           Hundred
           Acres
           of
           Land
           at
           
             One
             Penny
          
           an
           Acre
           ,
           and
           have
           cultivated
           
             Ten
             Acres
          
           thereof
           ;
           and
           every
           Person
           that
           hath
           been
           a
           Servant
           or
           Bonds-man
           ,
           and
           is
           Free
           by
           his
           Service
           ,
           that
           shall
           have
           taken
           up
           his
           Fifty
           Acres
           of
           Land
           ,
           and
           cultivated
           Twenty
           thereof
           ;
           and
           every
           
             Inhabitant
             ,
             Artificer
          
           or
           other
           ,
           resident
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           that
           payes
           Scot
           and
           Lot
           to
           the
           
             Government
             ,
             shall
          
           be
           deemed
           and
           accounted
           a
           Free-man
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ;
           and
           every
           such
           Person
           shall
           and
           may
           be
           capable
           of
           Electing
           or
           being
           elected
           Representatives
           of
           the
           People
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           or
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
           III.
           That
           all
           Elections
           of
           Members
           or
           Representatives
           of
           the
           People
           and
           Free-men
           of
           the
           Province
           of
           Pennsilvania
           ,
           to
           serve
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           or
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           to
           be
           held
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           shall
           be
           Free
           and
           Voluntary
           :
           And
           that
           the
           Elector
           ,
           that
           shall
           receive
           any
           Reward
           or
           Gift
           in
           Meat
           ,
           Drink
           ,
           Moneys
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           shall
           forfeit
           his
           Right
           to
           Elect
           :
           And
           such
           Person
           as
           shall
           directly
           or
           indirectly
           give
           ,
           promise
           or
           bestow
           any
           such
           Reward
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           to
           be
           Elected
           ,
           shall
           forfeit
           his
           Election
           ,
           and
           be
           thereby
           incapable
           to
           serve
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           .
           And
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           shall
           be
           the
           
             sole
             Judges
          
           of
           the
           Regularity
           or
           Irregularity
           of
           the
           Elections
           of
           their
           own
           respective
           Members
           .
        
         
           IV.
           That
           no
           Money
           or
           Goods
           shall
           be
           raised
           upon
           ,
           or
           paid
           by
           any
           of
           the
           People
           of
           this
           Province
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           a
           publick
           Tax
           ,
           Custom
           or
           Contribution
           ,
           but
           
           by
           a
           Law
           for
           that
           purpose
           made
           :
           And
           whosoever
           shall
           Leavy
           ,
           Collect
           or
           Pay
           any
           Money
           or
           Goods
           contrary
           thereunto
           ,
           shall
           be
           held
           a
           
             publick
             Enemy
          
           to
           the
           Province
           ,
           and
           a
           Betrayer
           of
           the
           Liberty
           of
           the
           People
           thereof
           .
        
         
           V.
           That
           all
           Courts
           shall
           be
           open
           ,
           and
           Justice
           shall
           neither
           be
           sold
           ,
           denyed
           nor
           delayed
           .
        
         
           VI.
           That
           in
           Courts
           all
           Persons
           of
           
             all
             Perswasions
          
           may
           freely
           appear
           in
           
             their
             own
             Way
          
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           
             their
             own
             Manner
          
           ,
           and
           there
           Personally
           Plead
           their
           own
           Cause
           themselves
           ,
           or
           if
           unable
           ,
           by
           their
           Friends
           .
           And
           the
           first
           Process
           shall
           be
           the
           Exhibition
           of
           the
           Complaint
           in
           Court
           
             Fourteen
             Dayes
          
           before
           tho
           Tryal
           .
           And
           that
           the
           Party
           complained
           against
           may
           be
           fitted
           for
           the
           same
           ,
           he
           or
           she
           shall
           be
           summon'd
           no
           less
           than
           
             Ten
             Dayes
          
           before
           ,
           and
           a
           Copy
           of
           the
           Complaint
           delivered
           him
           or
           her
           at
           his
           or
           her
           Dwelling
           House
           .
           But
           before
           the
           Complaint
           of
           any
           Person
           be
           received
           ,
           he
           shall
           solemnly
           declare
           in
           Court
           ,
           
             That
             he
             believes
             in
             his
             Conscience
             ,
             his
             Cause
             is
             Just
             .
          
        
         
           VII
           .
           That
           all
           Pleadings
           ,
           Processes
           and
           Records
           in
           Courts
           shall
           be
           short
           ,
           and
           in
           English
           ,
           and
           in
           an
           ordinary
           and
           plain
           Character
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           be
           understood
           ,
           and
           Justice
           speedily
           administred
           .
        
         
           VIII
           .
           That
           all
           Tryals
           shall
           be
           by
           
             Twelve
             Men
          
           ,
           and
           as
           near
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           Peers
           or
           Equals
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Neighbourhood
           ,
           and
           men
           without
           just
           Exception
           .
           In
           cases
           of
           Life
           there
           shall
           be
           first
           
             Twenty
             Four
          
           returned
           by
           the
           Sheriff
           for
           a
           
             Grand
             Inquest
          
           ,
           of
           whom
           Twelve
           at
           least
           shall
           find
           the
           Complaint
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           
             Twelve
             Men
          
           or
           Peers
           ,
           to
           be
           likewise
           returned
           by
           the
           Sheriff
           ,
           shall
           have
           the
           
             final
             Judgment
          
           .
           But
           reasonable
           Challenges
           shall
           be
           alwayes
           admitted
           against
           the
           said
           
             Twelve
             Men
          
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           IX
           .
           That
           all
           Fees
           in
           all
           Cases
           shall
           be
           Moderate
           ,
           and
           settled
           by
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           and
           be
           hung
           up
           in
           a
           Table
           in
           every
           respective
           Court
           :
           And
           whosoever
           shall
           be
           convicted
           of
           taking
           more
           ,
           shall
           pay
           Twofold
           ,
           and
           be
           dismissed
           his
           Employment
           ,
           one
           Moyety
           of
           which
           shall
           go
           to
           the
           party
           wronged
           .
        
         
           X.
           That
           all
           Prisons
           shall
           be
           Work-houses
           for
           
             Felons
             ,
             Vagrants
          
           and
           Loose
           and
           Idle
           Persons
           ,
           whereof
           one
           shall
           be
           in
           every
           County
           .
        
         
           XI
           .
           That
           all
           Prisoners
           shall
           be
           Baylable
           by
           sufficient
           Sureties
           ,
           unless
           for
           
             Capital
             Offences
          
           ,
           where
           the
           Proof
           is
           evident
           ,
           or
           the
           Presumption
           great
           .
        
         
           XII
           .
           That
           all
           Persons
           
             Wrongfully
             Imprisoned
          
           ,
           or
           prosecuted
           at
           Law
           ,
           shall
           have
           
             Double
             Damages
          
           against
           the
           Informer
           or
           Prosecutor
           .
        
         
           XIII
           .
           That
           all
           Prisons
           shall
           be
           Free
           ,
           as
           to
           
             Fees
             ,
             Food
          
           and
           Lodging
           .
        
         
           XIV
           .
           That
           all
           Lands
           and
           Goods
           shall
           be
           liable
           to
           pay
           Debts
           ,
           except
           where
           there
           be
           
             Legal
             Issue
          
           ,
           and
           then
           all
           the
           Goods
           ,
           and
           
             One
             Third
          
           of
           the
           Land
           only
           .
        
         
           XV.
           That
           all
           Wills
           in
           Writing
           ,
           attested
           by
           
             two
             Witnesses
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           of
           the
           same
           Force
           ,
           as
           to
           Lands
           ,
           as
           other
           Conveyances
           ,
           being
           legally
           proved
           within
           
             Forty
             Dayes
          
           ,
           either
           within
           or
           without
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
         
           XVI
           .
           That
           
             Seven
             Years
             quiet
             Possession
          
           shall
           give
           an
           Unquestionable
           Right
           ,
           except
           in
           Cases
           of
           
             Infants
             ,
             Lunaticks
             ,
             Married
             Women
             ,
          
           or
           Persons
           
             beyond
             the
             Sea.
          
           
        
         
           XVII
           .
           That
           all
           Briberies
           and
           Extortions
           whatsoever
           shall
           be
           severely
           punished
           .
        
         
           XVIII
           .
           That
           all
           Fines
           shall
           be
           moderate
           ,
           and
           saving
           mens
           Contenements
           ,
           Merchandize
           or
           Wainage
           .
        
         
           XIX
           .
           That
           all
           Marriages
           (
           not
           forbidden
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           as
           to
           nearness
           of
           Blood
           and
           Affinity
           by
           Marriage
           )
           shall
           be
           encouraged
           ;
           but
           the
           Parents
           or
           Guardians
           shall
           be
           first
           consulted
           ,
           and
           the
           Marriage
           shall
           be
           published
           before
           it
           be
           solemnized
           ,
           &
           it
           shall
           be
           solemnized
           by
           
             taking
             one
             another
             as
             Husband
             and
             Wife
          
           before
           Credible
           Witnesses
           :
           And
           a
           Certificate
           of
           the
           whole
           ,
           under
           the
           hands
           of
           Parties
           and
           Witnesses
           shall
           be
           brought
           to
           the
           proper
           Register
           of
           that
           County
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           Registred
           in
           his
           Office.
           
        
         
           XX.
           And
           to
           prevent
           Frauds
           and
           Vexatious
           Suits
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           That
           all
           Charters
           ,
           Gifts
           ,
           Grants
           and
           Conveyances
           of
           Land
           (
           except
           Leases
           for
           a
           Year
           ,
           or
           under
           )
           and
           all
           Bills
           ,
           Bonds
           and
           Specialties
           above
           Five
           Pound
           ,
           and
           not
           under
           three
           Moneths
           ,
           made
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           shall
           be
           Enrolled
           or
           Registred
           in
           the
           publick
           Enrollment-Office
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           within
           the
           space
           of
           two
           Moneths
           next
           after
           the
           making
           thereof
           ,
           else
           to
           be
           void
           in
           Law.
           And
           all
           Deeds
           ,
           Grants
           and
           Conveyances
           of
           Land
           (
           except
           as
           aforesaid
           )
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           made
           out
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           shall
           be
           Enrolled
           or
           Registred
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           within
           six
           Moneths
           next
           after
           the
           making
           thereof
           ,
           and
           settling
           and
           constituting
           an
           Enrollment-Office
           or
           Registry
           within
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           else
           to
           be
           void
           in
           Law
           against
           all
           Persons
           whatsoever
           .
        
         
           XXI
           .
           That
           all
           Defacers
           or
           Corrupters
           of
           Charters
           ,
           Gifts
           ,
           Grants
           ,
           Bonds
           ,
           Bills
           ,
           Wills
           ,
           Contracts
           and
           Conveyances
           ,
           or
           that
           shall
           deface
           or
           falsifie
           any
           Enrollment
           ,
           Registry
           or
           Record
           within
           this
           Province
           ,
           shall
           make
           Double
           Satisfaction
           for
           the
           same
           ;
           half
           whereof
           shall
           go
           to
           the
           Party
           wronged
           ,
           and
           they
           shall
           be
           dismist
           of
           all
           Places
           of
           Trust
           ,
           and
           be
           publickly
           disgraced
           ,
           as
           
             False
             Men.
          
           
        
         
           XXII
           .
           That
           there
           shall
           be
           a
           Register
           for
           Births
           ,
           Marriages
           ,
           Burials
           ,
           Wills
           and
           Letters
           of
           Administration
           distinct
           from
           the
           other
           Registry
           .
        
         
           XXIII
           .
           That
           there
           shall
           be
           a
           Registry
           for
           all
           Servants
           ,
           where
           their
           Names
           ,
           Time
           ,
           Wages
           ,
           and
           Dayes
           of
           Payment
           shall
           be
           Registred
           .
        
         
           XXIV
           .
           That
           all
           Lands
           and
           Goods
           of
           Fellons
           shall
           be
           liable
           to
           make
           satisfaction
           to
           the
           Party
           wronged
           Twice
           the
           Value
           ;
           and
           for
           want
           of
           Lands
           or
           Goods
           ,
           the
           Fellon
           shall
           be
           Bonds-man
           ,
           to
           work
           in
           the
           Common-Prison
           or
           Work-house
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           till
           the
           Party
           injured
           be
           satisfied
           .
        
         
           XXV
           .
           That
           the
           Estates
           of
           Capital
           Offenders
           ,
           as
           Traitors
           and
           Murderers
           ,
           shall
           go
           one
           third
           to
           the
           next
           of
           Kin
           to
           the
           Sufferer
           ,
           and
           the
           remainder
           to
           the
           next
           of
           Kin
           to
           the
           Criminal
           .
        
         
           XXVI
           .
           That
           all
           Witnesses
           coming
           or
           called
           to
           testifie
           their
           Knowledge
           in
           or
           to
           any
           Matter
           or
           Thing
           in
           any
           Court
           ,
           or
           before
           any
           lawful
           Authority
           within
           
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           shall
           there
           give
           or
           deliver
           in
           their
           Evidence
           or
           Testimony
           by
           solemnly
           Promising
           
             To
             speak
             the
             Truth
             ,
             the
             Whole
             Truth
             ,
             ●nd
             nothing
             but
             the
             Truth
          
           to
           the
           Matter
           or
           Thing
           in
           question
           .
           And
           in
           case
           any
           Person
           so
           called
           to
           Evidence
           ,
           shall
           afterwards
           be
           convicted
           of
           Wilfull
           Falsehood
           ,
           such
           Person
           shall
           suffer
           and
           undergo
           such
           Damage
           or
           Penalty
           as
           the
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           against
           whom
           he
           or
           she
           bore
           false
           Witness
           ,
           did
           or
           should
           undergo
           ,
           and
           shall
           also
           make
           Satisfaction
           to
           the
           Party
           wronged
           ,
           and
           be
           publickly
           exposed
           as
           a
           
             False
             Witness
          
           ,
           never
           to
           be
           credited
           in
           any
           Court
           or
           before
           any
           Magistrate
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
           XXVII
           .
           And
           to
           the
           end
           that
           all
           Officers
           chosen
           to
           serve
           within
           this
           Province
           ,
           may
           with
           more
           care
           and
           diligence
           answer
           the
           Trust
           reposed
           in
           them
           ,
           It
           is
           agreed
           ,
           that
           no
           such
           Person
           shall
           enjoy
           more
           than
           one
           publick
           Office
           at
           one
           time
           .
           —
        
         
           XXVIII
           .
           That
           all
           Children
           within
           this
           Province
           of
           the
           Age
           of
           Twelve
           Years
           shall
           be
           taught
           some
           useful
           Trade
           or
           Skill
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           none
           may
           be
           Idle
           ,
           but
           the
           Poor
           may
           Work
           to
           live
           ,
           and
           the
           Rich
           ,
           if
           they
           become
           Poor
           ,
           may
           not
           want
           .
        
         
           XXIX
           .
           That
           Servants
           be
           not
           kept
           longer
           than
           their
           time
           ;
           and
           such
           as
           are
           Careful
           be
           both
           justly
           and
           kindly
           used
           in
           their
           Service
           ,
           and
           put
           in
           fitting
           Equipage
           at
           the
           expiration
           thereof
           ,
           according
           to
           Custom
           .
        
         
           XXX
           .
           That
           all
           Scandalous
           and
           Malicious
           Reporters
           ,
           Backbiters
           ,
           Defamers
           and
           Spreaders
           of
           false
           News
           ,
           whether
           against
           Magistrates
           or
           private
           Persons
           ,
           shall
           be
           accordingly
           severely
           punished
           ,
           as
           Enemies
           to
           the
           Peace
           and
           Concord
           of
           this
           Province
           .
        
         
           XXXI
           .
           That
           for
           the
           Encouragement
           of
           the
           Planters
           and
           Traders
           in
           this
           Province
           ,
           who
           are
           incorporated
           into
           a
           Society
           ,
           the
           Patent
           granted
           to
           them
           by
           
             William
             Penn
             ,
             Governour
          
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           is
           hereby
           ratified
           and
           confirmed
           .
        
         
           XXXII
           .
           —
        
         
           XXXIII
           .
           That
           all
           Factors
           or
           Correspondents
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           wronging
           their
           Employers
           ,
           shall
           make
           Satisfaction
           ,
           and
           one
           third
           over
           to
           their
           said
           Employers
           ;
           and
           in
           case
           of
           the
           Death
           of
           any
           such
           Factor
           or
           Correspondent
           ,
           the
           Committee
           of
           Trade
           shall
           take
           care
           to
           secure
           so
           much
           of
           the
           deceased
           Party's
           Estate
           as
           belongs
           to
           his
           said
           respective
           Employers
           .
        
         
           XXXIV
           .
           That
           all
           Treasurers
           ,
           Judges
           ,
           Masters
           of
           the
           Rolls
           ,
           Sheriffs
           ,
           Justices
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           other
           Officers
           or
           Persons
           whatsoever
           ,
           relating
           to
           Courts
           or
           Tryals
           of
           Causes
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Service
           in
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           all
           Members
           elected
           to
           serve
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ;
           and
           all
           that
           have
           Right
           to
           elect
           such
           Members
           ,
           shall
           be
           such
           as
           profess
           Faith
           in
           
             Jesus
             Christ
          
           ,
           and
           that
           are
           not
           convicted
           of
           Ill
           Fame
           ,
           or
           unsober
           and
           dishonest
           Conversation
           ,
           and
           that
           are
           of
           One
           and
           Twenty
           Years
           of
           Age
           at
           least
           :
           and
           that
           all
           such
           so
           qualified
           ,
           shall
           be
           capable
           of
           the
           said
           several
           Employments
           and
           Priviledges
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
         
           XXXV
           .
           That
           all
           Persons
           living
           in
           this
           Province
           ,
           who
           confess
           and
           acknowledge
           the
           One
           Almighty
           and
           Eternal
           God
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           Creator
           ,
           Upholder
           and
           Ruler
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           that
           hold
           themselves
           obliged
           in
           Conscience
           to
           live
           peaceably
           and
           justly
           in
           
             Civil
             Society
          
           ,
           shall
           in
           no
           wayes
           be
           molested
           or
           prejudiced
           for
           their
           Religious
           Perswasion
           or
           Practice
           in
           matters
           of
           Faith
           and
           Worship
           ,
           nor
           shall
           they
           be
           compelled
           at
           any
           time
           to
           frequent
           or
           maintain
           any
           Religious
           Worship
           ,
           Place
           or
           Ministry
           whatever
           .
        
         
           XXXVI
           .
           That
           according
           to
           the
           good
           Example
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           ease
           of
           the
           Creation
           ,
           every
           
             First
             Day
          
           of
           the
           Week
           called
           the
           
             Lords
             Day
          
           ,
           People
           shall
           abstain
           from
           their
           common
           daily
           Labour
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           the
           better
           dispose
           themselves
           to
           Worship
           God
           according
           to
           their
           Understandings
           .
        
         
           XXXVII
           .
           That
           as
           a
           Careless
           and
           Corrupt
           Administration
           of
           Justice
           draws
           the
           Wrath
           of
           God
           upon
           Magistrates
           ,
           so
           the
           Wildness
           and
           Looseness
           of
           the
           People
           provoke
           the
           Indignation
           of
           God
           against
           a
           Country
           ;
           Therefore
           ,
           —
        
         
           
             That
             All
          
           such
           Offences
           against
           God
           ,
           as
           Swearing
           ,
           Cursing
           ,
           Lying
           ,
           Prophane
           Talking
           ,
           Drunkenness
           ,
           Drinking
           of
           Healths
           ,
           Obscene
           words
           ,
           Incest
           ,
           Sodomy
           ,
           Rapes
           ,
           Whoredom
           ,
           Fornication
           and
           other
           uncleanness
           (
           not
           to
           be
           repeated
           :
           )
           All
           Treasons
           ,
           Misprisions
           ,
           Murders
           ,
           Duels
           ,
           Fellonies
           ,
           Sedition
           ,
           Mayhems
           ,
           Forcible
           Entries
           and
           other
           Violencies
           to
           the
           Persons
           and
           Estates
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           within
           this
           Province
           :
           All
           Prizes
           ,
           Stage-Plays
           ,
           Cards
           ,
           Dice
           ,
           May-games
           ,
           Gamesters
           ,
           Masques
           ,
           Revels
           ,
           Bull-baitings
           ,
           Cock-fightings
           ,
           Bear-baitings
           and
           the
           like
           ,
           which
           excite
           the
           People
           to
           Rudeness
           ,
           Cruelty
           ,
           Looseness
           and
           Irreligion
           ,
           shall
           be
           respectively
           discouraged
           and
           severely
           punished
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           appointment
           of
           the
           Governour
           and
           Free-men
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           as
           also
           all
           Proceedings
           contrary
           to
           these
           Laws
           ,
           that
           are
           not
           here
           made
           expresly
           penal
           .
        
         
           XXXVIII
           .
           That
           a
           Copy
           of
           these
           Laws
           shall
           be
           hung
           up
           in
           the
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           in
           publick
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           shall
           be
           read
           Yearly
           at
           the
           opening
           of
           every
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           and
           Court
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           their
           Assent
           shall
           be
           testified
           by
           their
           
             standing
             up
          
           after
           the
           reading
           thereof
           .
        
         
           XXXIX
           .
           That
           there
           shall
           be
           at
           no
           time
           any
           Alteration
           of
           any
           of
           these
           Laws
           without
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           Governour
           ,
           his
           Heirs
           or
           Assigns
           ,
           and
           Six
           parts
           of
           Seven
           of
           the
           Free-men
           met
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           .
        
         
           XL.
           That
           All
           other
           Matters
           and
           Things
           not
           herein
           provided
           for
           ,
           which
           shall
           and
           may
           concern
           the
           publick
           Justice
           ,
           Peace
           or
           Safety
           of
           the
           said
           Province
           ,
           and
           the
           raising
           and
           imposing
           Taxes
           ,
           Customs
           ,
           Duties
           ,
           or
           other
           Charges
           whatsoever
           ,
           shall
           be
           and
           are
           hereby
           referred
           to
           the
           Order
           ,
           Prudence
           and
           Determination
           of
           the
           Governour
           and
           Free-men
           in
           
             Provincial
             Council
          
           and
           
             General
             Assembly
          
           ,
           to
           be
           held
           from
           time
           to
           time
           in
           the
           said
           Province
           .
        
         
           
             
               Signed
               and
               Sealed
               by
               the
            
             Governour
             and
             Free-men
             aforesaid
             ,
             
               
                 this
                 Fifth
                 Day
                 of
                 the
                 Third
                 Moneth
                 ,
                 called
              
               May
               ,
               
                 One
                 Thousand
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Eighty
                 and
                 Two.
                 
              
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A54139-e1960
           
             ☜
             
          
        
      
    
  

