Experimenta & observationes physicæ wherein are briefly treated of several subjects relating to natural philosophy in an experimental way : to which is added, a small collection of strange reports / by the Honourable Robert Boyle ...
Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
1691
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Experimenta & observationes physicæ wherein are briefly treated of several subjects relating to natural philosophy in an experimental way : to which is added, a small collection of strange reports / by the Honourable Robert Boyle ...
Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
[29], 158, [2], 28 p.
Printed for John Taylor ... and John Wyat ...,
London :
1691.
Errata: p. [2] at beginning.
Advertisements on p. [3].
Reproduction of original in Yale University Library.
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Physics -- Early works to 1800.
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ERRATA
.
PAge
6.
for
omitted
,
r.
emitted
,
p.
14.
l.
9.
of
left
out
.
ADVERTISEMENT
.
Books
Published
by
the
Honourable
Robert
Boyle
,
and
Printed
for
John
Taylor
at
the
Ship
in
St.
Paul's
Church-Yard
.
1.
A
Free
Inquiry
into
the
Vulgarly
receiv'd
Notion
of
Nature
,
made
in
an
Essay
adress'd
to
a
Friend
:
In
English
and
Latin.
2.
The
Martyrdom
of
Theodora
and
Dydimus
.
3.
A
Disquisition
about
the
final
Causes
of
Natural
things
;
wherein
it
is
inquir'd
,
Whether
,
and
(
if
at
all
)
with
what
Cautions
a
Naturalist
should
admit
them
?
To
which
are
subjoyn'd
,
by
way
of
Appendix
,
some
uncommon
Observations
about
Vitiated
Sight
.
4.
The
Christian
Virtuoso
:
Shewing
that
by
being
addicted
to
Experimental
Philosophy
,
a
Man
is
rather
assisted
,
than
Indispos'd
to
be
a
good
Christian
;
to
which
are
subjoyn'd
:
1st
.
A
Discourse
about
the
Distinction
that
represents
some
things
as
above
Reason
,
but
not
contrary
to
Reason
.
2.
The
first
Chapters
of
a
Discourse
,
Intituled
Greatness
of
Mind
Promoted
by
Christianity
.
Printed
for
J.
Taylor
at
the
Ship
;
and
J.
Wyat
at
the
Rose
in
St.
Paul's
Church-yard
.
Experimenta
&
Observationes
PHYSICAE
:
Wherein
are
briefly
Treated
of
SEVERAL
SUBJECTS
Relating
to
Natural
Philosophy
IN
AN
EXPERIMENTAL
WAY
.
To
which
is
added
,
A
small
Collection
of
STRANGE
REPORTS
.
By
the
Honourable
ROBERT
BOYLE
,
Fellow
of
the
Royal
Society
.
LONDON
,
Printed
for
Iohn
Taylor
at
the
Ship
,
and
Iohn
Wyat
at
the
Rose
in
S.
Paul's
Church-Yard
.
MDCXCI
.
A
Letter
that
may
serve
for
a
Preamble
.
To
my
Learned
Friend
Mr.
H.
Oldenburg
(
Secretary
to
the
Royal
Society
.
)
SIR
,
BEing
at
length
come
to
a
Resolution
,
I
have
already
done
something
more
than
barely
entred
upon
that
way
of
Writing
,
that
you
and
I
have
more
than
once
Discoursed
of
together
;
and
wherein
you
particularly
(
tho
not
you
only
)
among
my
Learned
Friends
,
have
wish'd
to
see
me
Engaged
.
'T
is
not
,
that
I
am
insensible
of
the
Prejudice
which
the
things
I
deliver
are
like
to
sustain
,
by
the
disadvantageous
Dress
wherein
they
must
appear
,
in
the
way
of
Writing
I
have
pitch'd
upon
;
which
being
for
the
most
part
plainly
Historical
,
and
set
down
in
the
order
wherein
,
they
chanc'd
to
come
to
hand
,
denies
most
of
them
,
not
only
the
usual
Ornaments
of
other
Books
,
but
the
allowable
Advantages
,
that
Method
,
elaborate
Discourses
,
neat
Hypotheses
,
and
subtil
Disputes
,
are
permitted
to
bring
even
to
Philosophical
Writings
.
But
these
Considerations
were
over-sway'd
by
a
sad
one
,
founded
upon
the
(
yet
continuing
)
condition
I
was
in
,
when
I
was
Debating
this
matter
in
my
Thoughts
.
For
it
having
pleased
God
(
to
whose
always
most
just
Dispensations
Men
ought
entirely
to
submit
)
to
Afflict
me
with
the
Stone
and
the
Palsy
;
as
on
one
side
,
these
,
added
to
a
sufficient
number
of
Avocations
,
scarce
permit
me
any
great
expectation
,
of
finishing
in
a
short
time
the
Tracts
I
had
made
a
lesser
or
greater
Progress
in
,
according
to
my
first
design
;
so
on
the
other
side
,
my
Friends
judging
it
unfit
,
that
the
Materials
provided
for
these
more
than
begun
Treatises
,
should
be
quite
lost
,
or
kept
too
long
useless
,
it
seemed
expedient
,
that
as
Opportunity
should
from
time
to
time
serve
,
I
should
look
over
my
Memorials
,
and
other
scatter'd
Papers
,
to
take
notice
what
Experiments
and
Observations
were
to
be
found
in
them
.
Upon
these
,
and
the
like
inducements
,
having
pick'd
up
several
of
my
dispersed
Papers
,
some
of
them
Written
many
Years
ago
,
and
some
of
a
less
ancient
date
;
I
began
to
refer
the
most
part
of
what
I
found
Historical
in
them
,
together
with
some
few
things
that
did
seem
necessary
not
to
be
sever'd
from
them
,
to
certain
Heads
or
Titles
which
I
called
Chapters
;
and
made
them
the
more
numerous
,
that
they
might
singly
be
the
less
Prolix
:
And
about
these
I
must
desire
your
leave
to
represent
some
things
,
by
way
of
Preface
.
And
first
,
several
of
the
ensuing
Particulars
that
I
met
with
among
my
Papers
,
being
parts
of
Essays
of
other
Discourses
,
and
being
for
hast
Transcribed
for
the
most
part
Verbatim
,
as
they
were
couched
there
;
I
dare
hope
for
your
excuse
,
if
among
such
Transcripts
you
now
and
then
meet
with
things
,
which
,
how
pertinent
soever
to
the
Tracts
they
first
belong'd
to
,
might
have
been
spared
as
needless
,
if
not
sometimes
Forein
;
also
,
in
the
new
Form
the
Discourses
are
now
put
into
;
since
I
could
not
leave
out
such
unnecessary
Clauses
(
whereof
yet
I
hope
you
will
not
find
many
)
without
too
much
mutilating
the
coherence
,
or
obscuring
the
sense
of
what
is
delivered
;
and
I
could
not
alter
them
,
and
adapt
others
to
supply
their
places
without
spending
more
time
,
and
taking
more
Pains
,
than
in
the
condition
I
am
now
in
,
I
suppose
you
would
be
willing
to
condemn
me
to
.
Next
,
I
despair
not
but
you
will
allow
me
the
Liberty
I
have
taken
,
to
vary
the
Bulk
and
Method
of
particular
Chapters
,
as
my
occasions
would
permit
,
or
the
plenty
or
paucity
of
Materials
suggested
;
or
the
Nature
of
the
thing
I
treated
of
,
and
the
Scope
I
proposed
to
my self
in
Writing
of
it
,
seem'd
to
require
.
But
sometimes
my
want
of
Health
and
Leisure
,
and
my
desire
to
hasten
to
other
subjects
,
that
either
pleased
me
better
,
or
seem'd
more
considerable
,
made
some
of
the
following
Chapters
,
compared
with
others
,
but
short
;
especially
,
if
I
were
supplyed
but
with
a
number
of
things
pertinent
to
that
Subject
,
by
the
Papers
I
had
then
in
hand
,
how
much
soever
I
may
have
Written
of
it
in
other
Papers
,
which
I
hope
hereafter
to
be
Master
of
.
And
this
Advertisement
may
render
you
a
Reason
why
to
the
Title
of
some
of
the
Chapters
I
have
subjoyned
the
first
Section
,
tho
it
be
not
at
present
followed
with
a
second
.
And
,
as
for
my
having
imployed
very
differing
Methods
in
some
of
the
ensuing
.
Tracts
,
I
did
it
with
design
,
as
judging
such
a
variety
of
Method
more
conducive
to
my
purpose
,
than
Uniformity
in
it
would
have
been
.
For
,
besides
that
some
of
the
Treatises
,
vhence
these
Chapters
were
taken
,
did
,
by
the
ways
wherein
they
were
already
Written
,
oblige
me
,
to
accommodate
my self
to
their
Method
;
I
thought
,
that
if
you
should
shew
these
Papers
to
any
,
that
are
very
unacquainted
(
which
I
have
heard
you
complain
,
that
too
many
are
)
with
the
way
of
accommodating
in
some
tolerable
manner
,
his
Enquiries
and
his
Writings
to
the
several
Subjects
he
applies
himself
to
,
he
may
be
somewhat
helped
,
by
the
differing
Examples
he
may
here
meet
with
,
to
make
variations
somewhat
suitable
to
the
differing
Natures
of
the
Subjects
he
deals
with
.
But
here
I
must
beg
you
to
take
notice
,
That
,
tho
in
compliance
with
this
design
,
as
well
as
for
some
other
reasons
,
I
have
in
several
of
the
following
Chapters
given
intimations
and
hints
of
things
,
which
I
do
not
there
prosecute
;
and
now
and
then
propose
some
Conjectures
and
Opinions
,
whose
proof
I
do
not
insist
on
;
yet
I
am
not
willing
you
should
think
,
that
,
however
some
of
those
passages
may
be
but
occasional
things
,
mentioned
principally
to
excite
,
and
give
hints
to
the
inquisitive
and
sagacious
;
yet
all
,
or
most
of
them
,
are
of
the
same
kind
;
and
that
I
thought
not
on
them
,
but
as
slightly
and
transiently
as
I
mentioned
them
;
and
have
no
better
and
other
Reasons
to
alledg
for
my
suspicions
or
intimations
,
or
even
for
my
conjectures
or
my
opinions
,
than
those
you
will
meet
with
in
Papers
hastily
drawn
up
;
especially
since
,
I
think
,
I
can
shew
you
divers
of
the
things
deliver'd
in
those
passages
,
enlarg'd
and
render'd
at
least
probable
or
practicable
in
other
Discourses
,
that
for
certain
Reasons
do
not
accompany
these
I
now
send
you
.
I
expect
,
that
you
should
think
it
somewhat
strange
,
to
find
many
of
the
following
Experiments
set
down
much
less
circumstantially
than
those
that
are
mentioned
in
the
Physico-Mechanical
Experiments
touching
the
Air
;
in
the
Continuation
of
them
;
in
the
History
of
Cold
,
and
in
some
other
Books
of
Mine
that
you
have
been
pleas'd
to
peruse
.
But
on
this
occasion
give
me
leave
to
represent
to
you
,
that
the
nature
of
divers
of
the
former
Experiments
,
especially
Chymical
ones
,
and
my
aims
in
mentioning
them
,
being
considered
,
it
seem'd
not
requisite
they
should
be
more
fully
Treated
of
:
And
as
for
others
,
tho
the
brevity
and
dispatch
;
which
divers
reasons
made
me
propose
to
my self
,
had
not
forbidden
me
to
amplify
;
yet
I
daily
feel
my
leisure
,
not
to
say
my
Life
too
;
so
torn
piece●●●●
from
me
,
by
Sickness
,
Visits
,
Business
,
and
inevitable
Avocations
,
that
I
am
frequently
admonished
to
hasten
the
securing
of
as
much
as
conveniently
I
can
,
by
dispatching
particular
Subjects
,
and
am
quite
hundred
from
dwelling
so
long
upon
them
,
as
,
if
I
had
more
Health
and
Leisure
,
I
should
willingly
do
.
To
these
things
perhaps
,
so
favourable
a
Person
as
Mr.
Oldenburg
will
add
,
that
the
Characters
which
Learned
Writers
,
English
and
Forein
,
tho
divers
of
them
personally
unknown
to
me
,
have
been
pleased
to
give
of
the
diligence
and
sincerity
employed
in
setting
down
the
Physico-Mechanical
Experiments
,
and
those
of
some
other
Writings
of
Mine
,
may
permit
me
to
hope
,
that
it
will
be
thought
,
that
,
after
having
been
divers
years
vers'd
in
making
Tryals
and
Experiments
,
I
have
made
them
with
some
care
and
wariness
,
and
mentioned
them
faithfully
,
where
I
have
not
done
it
amply
;
upon
hopes
it
may
be
taken
in
good
part
from
a
Person
in
my
present
condition
,
that
was
never
a
Professor
of
Philosophy
,
nor
so
much
as
a
Gown-man
;
to
have
made
shift
to
make
the
Experiments
and
Observations
he
communicates
,
and
set
them
down
truly
and
candidly
,
without
fraudulently
concealing
any
part
of
them
,
for
fear
they
should
make
against
him
.
And
tho
perhaps
you
will
easily
believe
,
that
in
divers
of
the
Experiments
which
I
have
but
briefly
mention'd
,
I
have
been
as
diligent
an
Observer
of
Circumstances
,
as
I
was
wont
to
be
when
I
made
those
,
which
have
had
the
luck
to
be
taken
notice
of
for
being
fully
related
;
and
tho
it
may
be
also
,
that
some
Scruples
or
Objections
,
which
my
brevity
may
in
part
occasion
,
were
not
unforeseen
by
me
,
and
might
have
been
avoided
by
a
more
copious
and
diffus'd
way
of
Writing
;
yet
I
purposely
decline
such
a
way
of
delivering
things
,
not
only
for
the
reasons
above
mention'd
;
and
because
I
suppose
them
that
may
peruse
these
Papers
,
to
be
acquainted
with
my
formerly
Published
Writings
,
and
to
have
either
from
them
,
or
otherwise
,
understood
the
way
of
making
such
Experiments
as
mine
;
but
also
,
because
,
tho
I
wanted
Time
and
Health
,
much
less
than
I
do
,
I
should
not
think
it
fit
too
much
to
prevent
the
Industry
of
others
about
the
Tryals
I
mention
;
and
reap
the
Field
so
clean
,
as
not
to
leave
them
,
not
only
store
of
Ears
to
Glean
,
but
some
corners
of
standing
Corn.
I
have
therefore
here
and
there
purposely
omitted
,
both
,
some
not
absolutely
necessary
Practical
Directions
about
making
of
Tryals
,
that
might
prevent
such
Scruples
or
Objections
,
as
have
the
Grounds
of
answering
them
clearly
deliver'd
in
my
Printed
Books
;
and
several
,
not
only
lesser
Circumstances
,
but
considerable
Phaenomena
,
and
obvious
Applications
,
that
may
probably
occur
to
others
,
as
they
did
to
me
in
making
the
Tryals
and
Reflecting
on
them
.
Advertisements
about
the
Disposition
of
the
following
Treatise
.
YOV
will
quickly
discern
that
the
following
Chapters
could
not
be
intended
for
compleat
Tracts
,
about
the
Subjects
handl'd
in
them
.
And
indeed
they
were
intended
but
for
such
Memoirs
about
the
Various
particular
Subjects
they
Treat
of
,
as
may
be
serviceable
to
the
Solid
Natural
History
that
has
been
nobly
design'd
and
is
still
prosecuted
,
by
the
Royal
Society
.
Wherefore
since
(
at
least
in
our
Age
)
no
Writer
that
I
know
of
,
has
so
early
and
so
well
,
both
urg'd
the
necessity
of
Natural
History
,
and
promoted
divers
Parts
of
it
by
Precepts
and
Specimens
,
as
the
illustrious
Lord
Verulam
;
I
shall
not
scruple
in
the
way
or
manner
of
Writing
these
short
Collections
of
mine
,
to
make
use
somewhat
frequently
of
his
Authority
and
Examples
;
but
without
Confining
my self
to
either
.
I.
Agreeably
to
this
Advertisement
you
will
find
,
that
some
of
the
Particulars
that
the
following
Treatise
consists
of
,
are
single
and
as
it
were
,
Independent
ones
;
upon
which
account
they
resemble
those
which
in
the
Verulamian
Sylva
,
or
Natural
History
,
are
call'd
Experiments
Solitary
:
And
have
for
that
reason
induc'd
me
to
give
that
Title
to
each
of
the
several
Chapters
that
are
made
up
of
them
.
II.
Another
sort
of
Chapters
there
is
,
wherein
divers
Experiments
and
Observations
,
all
of
them
relating
to
the
same
Subject
or
Purpose
,
are
set
down
together
.
These
if
they
were
rang'd
and
sorted
in
order
to
distinct
Theories
,
I
should
call
,
in
imitation
of
the
mention'd
Author
,
Experiments
in
Consort
.
But
my
backwardness
to
frame
Theories
has
made
me
chuse
to
forbear
as
yet
to
methodize
them
,
and
therefore
has
made
me
think
fit
to
call
them
only
various
Experiments
and
Observations
about
this
or
that
Subject
(
which
they
belong
to
.
)
III.
My
hast
,
tho
not
that
only
,
induc'd
me
to
make
one
sort
of
Chapters
more
,
that
partly
agrees
with
,
and
partly
differs
from
each
of
the
two
that
I
come
from
mentioning
:
For
in
every
one
of
these
Chapters
,
there
are
two
or
three
,
if
not
more
,
single
or
Solitary
Experiments
;
and
there
are
also
others
that
have
some
kind
of
Connexion
among
themselves
,
as
being
referable
to
the
same
Subject
or
Purpose
.
On
that
score
the
Title
that
is
given
to
each
of
the
Chapters
of
this
Third
sort
,
is
that
of
Miscellaneous
Experiments
;
and
sometimes
(
but
seldomer
)
of
Promiscuous
Ones
.
And
all
the
Particulars
that
I
refer
to
the
three
foremention'd
Heads
,
are
cast
into
Chapters
,
wherein
the
several
kinds
are
distinguish'd
only
by
their
Titles
,
or
not
.
IV.
There
is
one
Advertisement
that
regards
all
the
sorts
of
Particulars
that
are
refer'd
to
the
foremention'd
Chapters
,
which
is
,
that
I
have
usually
comprehended
Observations
,
as
well
as
Tryals
,
nuder
the
Title
of
Experiments
;
which
I
have
done
,
not
only
upon
the
Authority
,
and
in
following
the
Example
of
our
Judicious
Chancellor
(
as
is
every
where
obvious
in
his
Sylva
Sylvarum
)
but
for
other
reasons
too
.
For
both
the
sorts
of
Particulars
may
pass
for
matters
of
Fact
,
and
so
are
Historical
,
taking
the
word
in
a
lax
sense
,
and
the
imploying
it
in
that
sense
,
makes
the
Articles
or
Passages
,
whereof
the
Chapters
and
other
parts
of
our
Collection
consists
,
much
more
commodious
for
References
and
Citations
.
V.
Besides
the
three
foremention'd
kinds
of
Chapters
,
you
will
meet
in
the
ensuing
Treatise
with
another
sort
of
Writings
,
whereof
some
are
almost
entire
,
and
others
Fragments
of
larger
Discourses
.
In
neither
of
these
,
I
did
confine
my self
so
much
to
matters
of
Fact
,
as
in
those
Chapters
that
consist
of
Experiments
and
Observations
;
but
took
the
liberty
,
as
occasion
requir'd
,
to
inlarge
in
Discourses
,
and
sometimes
to
Cite
such
passages
out
of
other
Mens
Writings
,
as
I
judg'd
I
could
make
some
pertinent
Application
or
use
of
,
perhaps
unthought
of
by
the
Author
.
And
these
Papers
being
most
,
if
not
all
of
them
Written
in
a
more
free
and
discursive
way
,
I
thought
fit
to
separate
them
from
the
Sets
of
Collections
that
are
almost
merely
Historical
;
and
accordingly
I
have
not
styl'd
them
Chapters
,
but
Titles
;
and
have
forborn
to
assign
them
,
as
I
did
the
others
,
Ordinal
Numbers
;
which
I
desire
likewise
you
would
not
prefix
to
any
of
them
,
because
I
am
not
yet
resolv'd
how
I
shall
dispose
of
them
,
either
by
supplying
what
is
wanting
to
finish
any
one
,
or
more
of
them
,
or
by
taking
to
pieces
,
and
imploying
those
pieces
as
Materials
for
other
Tracts
.
VI.
Perhaps
I
shall
not
be
thought
to
need
Pardon
,
if
to
comply
with
their
Curiosity
,
who
affect
most
those
Experiments
,
that
are
either
uncommon
,
or
teach
them
to
do
or
perform
something
useful
or
pretty
;
I
sometimes
prefix
a
Title
declaring
what
it
treats
of
,
to
a
particular
Experiment
(
or
Observation
,
)
which
for
its
Importance
,
Novelty
,
or
Vsefulness
(
Theorical
or
Practical
)
may
deserve
to
bedistinguish't
;
since
by
this
means
such
Particulars
may
be
the
better
imprest
on
the
memory
,
to
gratifie
those
,
whose
nicety
or
want
of
leisure
,
may
make
them
well
pleas'd
by
a
transient
view
of
the
Titles
we
speak
of
,
to
find
such
Passages
as
they
chiefly
look'd
for
,
with
less
trouble
than
that
of
perusing
an
Index
.
VII
.
Among
the
Experiments
our
Collection
consists
of
,
there
is
here
and
there
one
,
to
which
it
was
thought
fit
to
add
something
,
either
by
way
of
Explication
,
or
of
Illustration
,
or
of
Confirmation
,
or
of
Answer
to
Objections
,
or
of
Theorical
Reflection
,
or
of
Practical
Application
,
&c.
And
these
Supplements
or
Additions
it
was
thought
fit
to
call
sometimes
Annotations
,
but
oftner
Scholiums
,
because
that
Term
is
freely
us'd
in
a
very
comprehensive
Sense
by
Mathematical
Writers
.
But
tho
I
readily
acknowledg
that
this
Term
has
been
chiefly
imploy'd
by
Mathematicians
,
yet
the
use
of
it
has
not
been
so
confin'd
to
them
,
but
that
good
Authors
in
other
parts
of
Learning
have
not
scrupl'd
to
imploy
it
,
as
may
appear
by
the
Scholiums
that
some
Learned
Physicians
have
Written
upon
Hollerius
,
an
eminent
Person
of
their
Profession
;
as
also
by
the
Example
of
the
famous
and
Experienc'd
Forestus
,
who
has
not
seldom
subjoin'd
Scholiums
,
even
to
his
own
Medicinal
Observations
.
VIII
.
The
mention
of
these
Scholia
prompts
me
to
tell
you
,
I
had
almost
forgotten
,
but
yet
must
not
leave
unmention'd
,
that
I
thought
fit
now
and
then
to
premise
to
Sets
of
Experiments
,
and
sometimes
(
tho
more
seldom
)
to
a
single
Observation
a
short
Preamble
by
way
of
Introduction
,
which
may
often
excuse
the
need
of
subjoyning
a
Scholium
;
and
may
be
warranted
by
the
Example
of
the
Lord
Verulam
in
his
Centuries
,
wherein
he
often
inserts
such
short
Preambles
,
as
things
fitted
to
give
light
to
the
Experiments
they
belong
to
,
and
to
give
some
Advertisement
both
of
the
Nature
and
Importance
of
the
Subject
,
and
of
the
Scope
of
the
Writer
,
or
of
other
useful
circumstances
.
IX
.
If
among
my
own
Experiments
,
namely
,
those
that
I
have
made
or
seen
,
I
have
sometimes
inserted
Experiments
or
Observations
that
are
not
so
:
I
have
not
done
it
without
reason
,
and
am
authoris'd
in
that
Practice
,
by
frequent
Examples
afforded
me
by
the
first
,
if
not
only
Author
that
I
know
of
,
that
gave
us
a
Set
of
Precepts
of
well
writing
Natural
History
,
our
often
cited
Verulam
,
whose
Centuries
do
in
great
part
consist
of
borrow'd
Experiments
and
Observations
;
without
which
,
he
was
sensible
that
his
Sylva
must
be
of
too
narrow
a
compass
,
or
too
thinly
stock't
with
Plants
,
especially
with
Trees
.
And
indeed
't
is
not
to
be
expected
,
that
,
as
the
Silk-worm
draws
her
whole
Mansion
altogether
out
of
her
own
Bowels
,
so
a
single
man
should
be
able
to
write
a
Natural
History
out
of
his
own
Experiments
and
Thoughts
.
And
he
that
will
strictly
confine
himself
to
those
,
will
be
often
reduc'd
to
omit
things
very
pertinent
,
if
not
necessary
,
to
his
Subject
,
which
is
of
practice
studiously
declin'd
by
me
,
who
prefer
the
Readers
Vtility
,
to
the
ambition'd
Glory
of
being
thought
to
borrow
nothing
from
any
Body
.
And
I
can
add
in
my
Defence
,
at
least
my
Excuse
,
that
I
have
made
use
but
of
a
small
part
of
the
Liberty
allow'd
me
by
the
Example
of
so
great
a
Guide
in
the
way
of
Writing
Natural
History
.
For
I
have
very
much
seldomer
than
he
,
employ'd
the
Tryals
of
others
;
and
have
yet
seldomer
mention'd
unverifi'd
Reports
or
vulgar
Traditions
,
being
careful
that
the
Bulk
of
the
Matters
of
Fact
I
deliver
,
should
consist
of
things
,
whereof
I
was
my self
an
Actor
,
or
an
Eye
witness
;
and
that
the
comparatively
few
borrow'd
Experiments
that
I
added
,
(
that
I
might
not
deprive
my
Reader
of
some
things
very
pertinent
and
useful
to
my
Subject
)
were
receiv'd
from
Persons
of
very
good
credit
;
besides
that
I
do
not
only
frequently
give
sufficient
Intimation
in
the
Experiment
or
Observation
its
self
,
but
oftentimes
by
placing
the
Letter
C
in
the
Margent
,
do
give
notice
;
nay
,
and
sometimes
to
a
whole
Set
,
prefix
the
Title
of
Communicated
Experiments
or
Observations
.
X.
I
have
nothing
more
to
give
you
notice
of
here
,
save
that
,
whereas
you
will
find
that
I
Write
but
on
one
side
of
the
Leaves
,
whereof
this
Book
*
consists
:
I
did
so
for
two
Reasons
.
The
First
,
That
in
case
I
should
have
occasion
to
imploy
any
of
these
Experiments
in
other
Treatises
,
for
which
I
am
more
concern'd
than
for
this
Rhapsody
,
I
might
have
room
to
Substitute
,
if
it
should
be
thought
fit
,
one
or
more
of
my
later
Experiments
in
its
place
.
And
Secondly
,
That
I
might
have
room
,
if
I
can
get
leisure
,
to
Write
Annotations
,
or
make
Reflections
,
or
Illustrations
,
or
Corrections
,
or
in
a
word
,
such
Addititions
and
Alterations
of
particular
Experiments
and
Passages
,
as
they
shall
be
thought
to
deserve
or
need
.
I
am
sensible
that
this
Preamble
,
increas'd
by
the
Advertisements
that
't
was
thought
necessary
to
annex
to
it
,
is
of
a
length
that
may
seem
disproportionate
to
the
Book
or
Tract
't
is
prefixt
to
.
But
I
may
in
excuse
of
this
represent
to
you
,
that
the
Bundle
of
Writings
you
now
receive
,
is
but
a
part
of
the
Book
;
to
which
,
if
God
vouchsafe
me
Health
and
Leisure
,
this
Preface
inlarg'd
by
its
Appendix
,
is
design'd
for
an
Introduction
.
And
in
that
case
't
is
hop'd
that
these
Preliminaries
,
as
many
as
they
are
,
will
not
be
thought
Impertinent
,
or
needlesly
prolix
.
Experimenta
&
Observationes
PHYSICAE
.
TOME
I.
CHAP.
I.
CONTAINING
Chymico-Magnetical
Experiments
and
Observations
.
THE
Loadstone
,
Pyrophilus
,
is
so
admirable
a
Body
,
and
its
Usefulness
to
Mankind
is
already
so
great
,
without
denying
us
hopes
of
farther
Improvments
;
that
I
think
we
must
want
Curiosity
or
Gratitude
,
if
we
neglect
either
to
take
notice
of
any
Experienc'd
Phoenomena
that
directly
relate
to
so
abstruse
a
Subject
,
or
,
by
consigning
them
to
Paper
,
to
preserve
them
from
Oblivion
.
'T
is
chiefly
by
this
Consideration
,
Pyrophilus
,
that
I
am
induc'd
to
mention
to
you
the
following
Experiments
and
Observations
,
made
most
of
them
by
the
help
of
the
Fire
.
For
,
tho
some
of
them
may
seem
but
slight
;
yet
they
may
not
prove
unuseful
,
towards
discovering
the
Nature
of
a
Body
so
strange
and
singular
,
that
,
for
ought
is
yet
manifest
,
any
true
Magnetical
Phoenomena
may
somewhat
conduce
to
the
knowledg
of
it
,
And
I
was
the
rather
induc'd
to
make
Tryals
and
Observations
of
this
Kind
,
because
most
of
them
are
such
as
I
have
not
met
with
in
Authors
.
And
the
few
that
remain
,
I
have
not
found
sufficiently
taken
notice
of
there
;
Philosophers
and
Mathematicians
ayming
chiefly
,
in
their
Magnetical
Writings
,
to
prosecute
and
apply
the
Attractive
and
Directive
,
and
perhaps
the
Inclinatory
,
faculty
of
the
Loadstone
.
Whereas
,
throwing
into
another
Paper
,
what
I
Observ'd
,
of
that
kind
,
I
did
in
the
present
Inquiry
mainly
intend
to
make
the
Loadstone
rather
the
Object
than
the
Instrument
of
my
Tryals
:
and
handling
chiefly
the
very
Substance
of
the
Stone
,
endeavour
not
so
much
to
Advance
or
Apply
its
Faculties
,
as
to
Weaken
and
Destroy
them
,
tho
in
order
to
the
better
knowing
of
them
.
Having
therefore
procured
a
considerable
number
of
,
for
the
most
part
naked
(
or
uncapt
)
Loadstones
,
most
of
them
Course
,
but
of
differing
Sizes
,
Shapes
,
Colours
,
and
Countries
;
I
made
upon
them
several
Tryals
,
some
of
which
I
should
immediately
proceed
to
give
you
a
brief
Account
of
,
but
that
't
will
be
proper
to
premise
this
short
Advertisement
:
That
,
I
would
not
have
the
Title
of
these
Experiments
make
you
expect
,
that
the
Fire
should
be
a
main
Agent
in
every
one
of
them
,
since
to
preserve
some
few
of
them
,
I
refer
them
hither
,
tho
an
actual
Fire
was
not
Imploy'd
to
make
them
:
Since
the
common
Rule
that
a
potiori
parte
fit
denominatio
,
will
suffice
to
Warrant
,
or
at
least
excuse
,
my
giving
to
this
small
Collection
the
Title
of
Chymico-Magnetical
Experiments
;
because
the
greatest
part
were
perform'd
by
the
help
of
the
Fire
,
or
Bodies
Chymically
prepar'd
by
the
Application
of
it
.
And
because
't
is
usual
with
the
best
Writers
about
Magnetism
,
to
reckon
Steel
and
Iron
among
Magnetical
Bodies
;
I
shall
not
scruple
to
deliver
in
this
Paper
some
Experiments
,
made
by
the
help
of
the
Fire
upon
those
Subjects
;
with
reference
neverthe
less
to
Magnetism
.
EXPERIMENT
I.
Having
Ignited
several
Loadstones
,
and
removed
them
from
the
Fire
till
they
grew
Cold
again
,
I
found
a
great
disparity
in
the
visible
substance
whereof
they
consisted
,
and
the
manifest
structure
of
the
gross
parts
that
made
them
up
.
For
some
Stones
upon
Refrigeration
,
either
fell
asunder
of
themselves
,
or
grew
very
Brittle
;
when
as
others
still
continued
in
their
entireness
:
Some
of
them
being
broken
look'd
not
unlike
Iron-Ore
,
or
Stones
which
I
have
gather'd
near
Iron-Mynes
in
Kent
;
others
being
broken
,
after
Refrigeration
appear'd
to
consist
of
Plates
or
Flakes
of
several
Colours
,
and
lying
Parallel
to
one
another
:
And
others
again
,
which
as
I
remember
were
English
ones
,
did
neither
appear
to
be
compos'd
of
any
such
Flakes
,
nor
had
their
dark
Colours
much
,
if
at
all
chang'd
by
the
operation
of
the
Fire
,
nor
did
cease
to
be
Solid
Bodies
.
EXPERIMENT
II.
We
could
not
upon
the
Burning
of
several
small
Loadstones
one
after
another
,
discern
any
such
blew
sulphureous
Flame
as
Porta
in
his
Natural
Magick
relates
himself
to
have
seen
,
and
judges
to
have
been
as
it
were
the
Soul
of
the
Loadstone
,
upon
whose
recess
he
says
,
it
lost
its
Magnetick
Faculty
,
which
is
most
commonly
true
as
to
any
considerable
degree
of
the
Coitive
or
Attractive
Power
,
but
not
of
the
Directive
Faculty
or
Vertue
.
But
it
may
be
that
Porta
mistook
the
small
Flame
,
which
is
often
omitted
even
by
well-kindled
and
glowing
Charcoales
,
(
on
which
sort
his
Loadstone
was
placed
)
especially
when
a
little
blowen
upon
,
for
the
exhaling
Soul
of
the
Loadstone
;
or
else
,
to
be
civil
to
him
,
we
may
suppose
,
that
,
His
Stone
was
more
rich
in
Unctuous
Moisture
than
Others
are
wont
to
be
;
and
if
we
had
had
by
us
a
very
exact
pair
of
Scales
,
we
should
have
endeavoured
to
have
by
them
discovered
,
whether
the
Fire
do
deprive
Loadstones
of
any
ponderable
parts
.
EXPERIMENT
III.
The
Solidity
of
some
English
Loadstones
,
made
me
think
it
fit
,
tho
I
look'd
upon
them
as
a
kind
of
Iron-Ore
,
to
try
whether
they
could
not
be
brought
to
strike
Fire
.
And
accordingly
,
having
made
divers
Collisions
betwixt
a
rough
peice
,
and
the
steel
of
a
Tinder
Box
;
I
found
that
with
much
ado
it
was
possible
to
obtain
some
Sparks
,
(
tho
they
seem'd
but
small
ones
:
)
But
having
taken
a
large
peice
of
smooth
Loadstone
,
I
found
that
,
by
striking
it
somewhat
briskly
,
with
the
edge
of
a
steel'd
Hammer
,
we
were
able
to
produce
good
store
of
Sparks
,
and
some
of
them
of
a
surprizing
bigness
;
for
they
were
judged
to
exceed
the
size
of
those
that
are
usually
afforded
by
common
Flints
.
EXPERIMENT
IV.
For
certain
Reasons
I
thought
fit
to
make
a
further
Tryal
,
being
desirous
to
satisfie
my self
,
whether
it
were
not
possible
,
to
make
Loadstones
afford
Fire
without
the
help
of
Iron
or
Steel
.
And
being
willing
to
comply
with
this
Curiosity
,
I
made
choice
of
two
solid
peices
of
Loadstone
,
that
were
cut
almost
into
the
form
of
Cubes
;
and
found
that
many
Collisions
being
made
between
them
,
especially
at
the
edges
;
there
were
produced
from
Time
to
Time
,
(
tho
not
frequently
,
)
some
Sparks
of
Fire
,
tho
neither
so
numerous
,
nor
so
great
or
vivid
,
as
those
of
the
foregoing
Experiment
wherein
the
Steel
was
employ'd
.
EXPERIMENT
V.
I
have
(
elsewhere
)
formerly
related
,
that
if
an
Oblong
Loadstone
made
glowing
hot
,
be
refrigerated
Perpendicularly
,
the
lower
extream
will
thereby
become
its
Northern
Pole.
And
I
shall
now
add
,
that
yet
if
such
a
Loadstone
be
refrigerated
Perpendicularly
,
not
upon
an
ordinary
Terrestrial
Body
,
but
upon
the
Northern
extream
of
a
much
stronger
Loadstone
;
in
such
case
,
this
debilitated
Stone
will
receive
its
Impressions
,
as
if
it
were
an
Iron
,
and
its
lower
extream
will
not
be
,
as
before
,
by
the
Magnetick
Effluvia
of
the
Earth
,
made
its
Northern
Pole
;
but
it
will
be
contrariwise
animated
by
the
Pole
of
the
Loadstone
,
on
which
't
is
cool'd
;
and
according
to
the
Laws
Magnetical
,
the
lower
extream
of
it
,
will
not
be
its
Northern
,
but
its
Southern
Pole
,
nimbly
attracting
the
North
end
of
an
excited
and
Aequilibrated
Needle
.
EXPERIMENT
VI.
By
the
forementioned
way
of
Refrigeration
I
also
found
,
that
a
Disanimated
Loadstone
(
if
I
may
so
speak
)
may
be
restored
,
to
some
degree
of
its
Attractive
Vertue
;
for
I
try'd
that
a
small
Loadstone
,
which
after
its
being
made
red
hot
in
the
Fire
,
and
cool'd
Perpendicularly
upon
the
Ground
,
was
not
able
to
take
up
a
fragment
of
a
Needle
;
being
again
heated
,
and
not
only
cool'd
upon
the
Pole
of
a
strong
Loadstone
,
but
suffered
to
rest
on
it
a
while
after
,
was
soon
grown
vigorous
enough
,
to
take
up
what
formerly
it
could
not
move
.
EXPERIMENT
VII
.
I
further
observ'd
,
that
tho
a
Loadstone
that
had
pass'd
the
Fire
,
had
not
,
by
being
immediately
before
made
red
hot
,
had
its
Body
open'd
and
fitted
to
take
in
plentifully
the
Magnetical
Streams
;
yet
it
would
,
like
a
wire
of
Iron
,
acquire
a
new
Verticity
from
the
vigorous
Loadstone
;
but
not
be
in
many
Hours
so
vigorously
impregnated
with
Magnetick
vertue
,
if
it
were
applied
cold
to
the
Pole
of
the
Animating
Loadstone
;
as
it
would
in
a
very
short
time
,
if
being
glowing
hot
it
were
refrigerated
thereupon
.
N.
B.
It
has
been
observ'd
,
that
if
a
Loadstone
be
made
red
hot
in
the
Fire
,
it
will
scarce
retain
any
sensible
Attractive
vertue
,
save
that
it
will
be
able
,
by
being
endowed
with
a
Magnetism
from
the
Earth
,
to
drive
away
that
Pole
of
a
Needle
well
poys'd
,
which
agrees
in
Denomination
with
that
Pole
of
the
Loadstone
,
which
is
applied
to
it
.
But
I
desire
that
it
may
be
remembred
,
that
I
intimated
that
this
is
not
strictly
and
universally
true
;
for
in
some
of
our
English
Loadstones
,
it
has
been
observ'd
,
that
Ignition
does
not
only
leave
them
capable
of
a
Directive
Vertue
,
but
leaves
them
also
a
considerable
Attractive
power
,
so
that
they
will
sustain
a
good
weight
of
Steel
(
as
will
appear
hereafter
.
)
EXPERIMENT
VIII
.
We
took
three
English
Loadstones
that
appeared
to
be
of
a
very
compact
Substance
;
two
of
them
very
small
,
as
not
being
of
near
half
an
Inch
in
length
;
the
other
much
greater
,
being
about
an
Inch
long
,
and
of
a
considerable
breadth
,
but
yet
of
small
thickness
:
These
we
made
red
hot
in
a
Fire
of
well
kindled
Charcoal
,
and
being
thorowly
Ignited
,
removed
them
one
after
another
,
and
hastily
set
each
of
them
upon
a
Plate
of
Silver
(
for
neither
Wood
nor
Iron
would
have
been
convenient
)
and
applying
the
Loadstone
(
Capp'd
)
to
each
of
them
,
whilst
it
was
yet
red
hot
;
it
seem'd
manifest
enough
,
not
only
,
that
whilst
it
was
in
that
state
,
the
Stone
had
not
so
strong
an
Operation
on
it
,
as
if
it
were
not
red
hot
:
But
,
which
is
remarkable
,
when
it
ceas'd
to
appear
Ignited
,
but
yet
was
intensly
hot
,
(
so
that
it
was
readily
able
to
burn
his
Fingers
that
should
offer
to
take
it
up
between
them
)
the
armed
Loadstone
had
a
more
powerful
Operation
on
it
,
by
way
of
what
they
call
Attraction
and
Sustentation
(
not
only
,
as
I
said
,
than
it
had
,
whilst
the
Ignited
Stone
conspicuously
retain'd
the
colour
Fire
,
but
)
than
it
had
,
after
the
same
Stone
was
grown
cold
.
EXPERIMENT
IX
.
This
Experiment
was
reiterated
with
the
two
smaller
Magnets
and
the
greater
,
with
the
like
success
:
And
when
the
Magnets
were
grown
cold
,
they
did
notwithstanding
their
having
been
twice
ignited
,
discover
some
little
Magnetism
,
if
apply'd
to
the
end
of
a
well-excited
Magnetick
Needle
,
nicely
poys'd
upon
the
point
of
an
ordinary
Needle
[
or
brass
Pin
]
(
on
which
its
Center
of
Gravity
lean'd
.
)
And
I
found
that
the
bigger
of
the
three
forementioned
Loadstones
,
after
the
first
,
if
not
also
after
the
second
Ignition
;
did
not
only
move
the
Magnetick
Needle
more
briskly
than
one
would
have
expected
,
but
,
(
which
may
seem
strange
)
being
thrust
into
filings
of
Mars
,
and
then
taken
out
,
it
carried
up
with
it
and
sustained
a
considerable
Number
of
them
.
Whence
we
may
conclude
,
that
in
some
Loadstones
of
a
very
solid
Constitution
,
such
as
this
was
;
the
Magnetical
vertue
is
more
Radicated
(
if
I
may
so
speak
)
or
Permanent
,
than
in
the
generality
of
other
Magneticks
:
This
Stone
being
the
first
wherein
I
observ'd
,
after
I
had
thorowly
Ignited
it
,
any
Attractive
vertue
able
to
take
up
Filings
of
Iron
.
EXPERIMENT
X.
On
occasion
of
these
Tryals
I
made
another
,
which
tho
to
some
it
may
seem
but
slight
,
I
thought
the
more
worthy
to
be
made
,
because
I
remember
not
to
have
read
or
heard
of
it
before
;
we
took
then
,
the
same
Loadstone
that
we
employ'd
about
the
last
Experiment
,
and
having
again
made
it
red
hot
,
in
the
Fire
,
suffered
it
not
to
cool
leisurely
in
the
Air
,
as
before
,
but
quenched
it
,
in
a
Bason
of
cold
Water
;
intending
thereby
to
make
a
double
variation
of
the
Experiment
,
first
,
by
cooling
it
Hastily
,
and
as
it
were
Abruptly
;
and
next
by
cooling
it
not
in
the
Air
,
but
in
a
Fluid
some
hundreds
of
times
more
Dense
or
Ponderous
than
the
Air.
The
Event
of
the
Tryal
was
,
that
,
upon
the
Immersion
of
the
red
hot
Stone
,
there
fell
off
some
flaky
matter
,
as
if
it
had
been
Scales
of
Mars
;
and
the
Stone
,
when
cold
,
would
not
take
up
any
filings
of
Iron
,
as
before
it
did
many
;
so
that
it
appear'd
to
have
lost
much
of
the
Vertue
it
so
lately
had
,
tho
it
retain'd
the
Power
to
move
a
well-poys'd
Needle
,
if
it
were
held
near
to
either
side
of
the
point
of
it
.
EXPERIMENT
XI
.
A
black
Oblong
Loadstone
,
of
a
Homogeneous
Substance
,
and
weighing
near
three
Drams
,
having
been
in
a
Fire
of
well-kindled
Charcoals
,
Ignited
,
and
continued
so
for
some
Minutes
,
of
an
Hour
;
being
weighed
again
as
soon
as
it
was
cool'd
,
was
found
to
have
lost
about
⅝
of
a
Grain
of
its
first
Weight
,
and
much
of
the
blackness
of
its
Colour
.
Tho
the
Affinity
between
the
Loadstone
and
Iron
,
might
make
one
expect
that
the
Fire
might
have
a
like
Operation
upon
this
Stone
,
and
that
out
of
which
Iron
is
commonly
melted
,
both
being
indeed
Iron-Oars
;
yet
for
some
Reasons
that
I
cannot
now
stay
to
mention
,
I
was
induc'd
to
think
,
that
the
Effect
of
Ignition
upon
those
two
Bodies
might
be
very
differing
,
as
I
conceive
their
Internal
and
unseen
Texture
to
be
.
And
therefore
I
made
the
following
Experiment
.
A
Lump
of
Iron
Oar
,
which
look'd
almost
like
a
white
Stone
,
rather
than
a
common
Oar
,
and
was
about
the
bigness
of
two
Eggs
;
being
apply'd
,
in
several
of
its
parts
,
to
an
excited
Needle
,
did
not
appear
to
move
it
manifestly
.
But
being
afterwards
made
glowing
Hot
,
and
kept
so
for
a
while
,
and
then
Refrigerated
;
it
did
in
those
parts
,
which
seem'd
by
their
newly
acquir'd
Colour
to
abound
with
Metalline
Corpuscles
;
it
did
,
I
say
,
manifestly
Attract
the
North
end
of
the
Needle
.
And
this
was
tryed
,
both
with
a
Needle
of
our
own
touching
,
and
by
the
Mariners
Needle
of
a
Sun-Dyal
;
whos
's
Flower-de-Luce
,
the
burnt
Oar
did
manifestly
draw
.
EXPERIMENT
XII
.
To
confirm
the
former
Observation
,
and
also
what
I
elsewhere
gave
notice
of
,
That
divers
Bodies
are
of
a
Magnetical
Nature
or
have
in
them
some
parts
that
are
so
,
which
yet
are
not
vulgarly
believ'd
to
be
referable
to
that
sort
of
Bodies
;
I
shall
subjoyn
the
following
Experiment
.
A
Brick
that
had
not
been
us'd
,
was
saw'd
long
ways
into
two
equal
pieces
,
and
each
of
these
(
one
at
one
time
,
and
another
at
another
)
was
heated
red
hot
in
the
Fire
for
a
pretty
while
,
and
afterwards
suffer'd
to
cool
North
and
South
:
And
,
as
I
expected
,
it
thereby
acquired
a
Magnetical
Verticity
;
and
with
that
end
that
in
cooling
respected
the
South
,
did
a
little
,
tho
but
faintly
,
draw
the
Flower
de
Luce
(
which
pointed
out
the
North
)
of
the
Mariner's
Needle
;
and
with
the
other
end
,
did
somewhat
more
vigorously
drive
the
Flower
de
Luce
away
,
and
a
little
attract
the
other
Extream
of
the
Needle
.
EXPERIMENT
XIII
.
We
took
a
[
black
]
Loadstone
,
and
having
by
degrees
beaten
it
small
,
without
suffering
it
to
touch
any
Iron
or
Steel
Vesiel
or
Instrument
,
[
which
because
of
the
hardness
of
the
Stone
,
was
very
troublesome
to
do
;
]
we
set
aside
the
grosser
Grains
for
other
uses
,
and
upon
some
of
the
finer
Powder
we
pour'd
the
Spirit
of
common
Salt
,
which
had
at
first
a
sensible
Operation
upon
it
,
by
producing
foetid
Fumes
,
and
making
a
kind
of
Ebullition
,
as
that
Menstruun
is
wont
to
do
upon
filings
of
Iron
or
Steel
.
But
nevertheless
,
being
kept
a
Night
or
two
in
Digestion
,
it
drew
a
high
Tincture
;
and
tho
this
was
not
at
all
,
like
the
Solutions
of
Mars
in
Spirit
of
Salt
,
Green
,
but
of
a
Yellowish
Brown
,
not
very
remote
from
Redness
:
Yet
a
little
of
it
being
dropt
into
a
fresh
and
sufficiently
coloured
Infusion
of
Galls
,
turned
it
presently
into
an
Inky
Substance
,
which
in
some
Positions
appear'd
blewish
,
as
a
Tincture
or
light
Solution
of
Mars
would
have
done
..
I
shall
only
add
,
about
the
Solution
of
Loadstone
,
that
having
carefully
made
it
with
a
good
Aqua
regia
,
obtain'd
a
Solution
,
some
of
which
you
may
yet
command
a
sight
of
,
that
by
some
Virtuosi
to
whom
I
shew'd
it
,
was
thought
either
a
fine
Solution
of
Gold
,
or
little
,
if
at
all
,
inferior
to
it
in
kind
or
Richness
of
Colour
.
I
chose
to
employ
the
Spirit
of
Salt
,
rather
than
that
of
Nitre
or
Aqua
Fortis
,
in
this
Experiment
;
because
I
found
the
first
named
Liquor
to
dissolve
Iron
very
well
,
if
not
better
,
tho
less
furiously
,
than
Aqua
Fortis
it self
;
and
also
,
because
I
could
by
this
means
better
judge
of
the
Tincture
of
its
Colour
;
having
formerly
found
by
Tryal
,
that
Spirit
of
Salt
makes
a
Green
Solution
of
Mars
;
but
Aqua
Fortis
or
Spirit
of
Nitre
,
a
Reddish
one
.
And
it
was
to
judge
of
the
Tincture
of
the
Loadstone
,
as
well
as
for
another
purpose
,
that
I
was
so
careful
to
keep
the
Stone
from
touching
Iron
,
when
it
was
pulverising
;
least
by
the
Hardness
of
it
,
and
the
Sharpness
of
its
Angles
,
it
should
grate
off
some
parts
of
the
Metal
,
and
so
alter
the
Solution
;
for
want
of
which
Caution
,
I
have
known
some
Experiments
about
Artificial
Gems
to
miscarry
;
the
Brass
Morter
wherein
the
hard
Ingredients
were
beaten
,
having
communicated
some
Particles
to
them
,
that
alter'd
the
Colour
which
the
Masse
after
Vitrification
would
otherwise
have
been
of
.
EXPERIMENT
XIV
.
Some
Parts
of
the
foregoing
Experiment
may
be
confirm'd
by
that
which
follows
.
I
caus'd
a
weak
Loadstone
to
be
heated
red
hot
,
to
make
it
the
more
easie
to
be
powder'd
,
and
having
caus'd
it
to
be
beaten
very
fine
,
I
digested
good
Spirit
of
Salt
upon
it
.
(
I
afterwards
found
that
ordinary
Spirit
would
serve
the
turn
)
This
in
a
few
Hours
acquir'd
a
Tincture
not
greenish
,
but
almost
like
that
of
a
troubled
Solution
of
Gold.
It
strongly
relish'd
of
Iron
,
and
a
little
of
it
being
dropp'd
into
Infusion
of
Galls
,
it
turn'd
it
immediately
into
an
Inky
Liquor
;
part
of
this
Solution
being
gently
Evaporate
●
,
grew
thick
like
an
Extract
,
but
did
not
seem
dispos'd
to
shoot
into
Chrystals
;
yet
another
part
of
it
did
precipitate
with
Salt
of
Tartar
,
much
like
a
Solution
of
Vitriol
;
and
another
with
Spirit
of
fermented
Urine
gave
a
plentiful
,
but
yellowish
red
,
Praecipitate
.
EXPERIMENT
XV.
Meeting
among
my
loose
Notes
,
with
one
that
may
serve
both
for
a
Variation
and
Confirmation
of
what
has
been
above
delivered
in
the
Experiments
;
it
seem'd
not
improper
to
annex
a
Transcript
of
it
.
A
red
Mineral
,
whose
Consistence
was
between
Stony
and
Earthy
,
was
by
me
judg'd
to
be
a
kind
of
Iron
Oar
,
tho
having
powder'd
some
of
it
,
I
could
not
find
that
a
good
Loadstone
would
attract
any
part
of
it
:
Therefore
,
to
satisfie
my self
,
and
to
confirm
D.
B's
Observation
;
about
the
Vertue
of
Linseed
Oyl
,
I
caus'd
this
red
Powder
,
wetted
with
that
Liquor
,
to
be
kept
about
two
Hours
Ignited
in
a
Crucible
;
by
which
means
it
was
turn'd
blackish
.
This
dark
colour'd
Powder
was
taken
out
,
and
suffer'd
to
cool
,
and
then
would
readily
adhere
to
the
same
Loadstone
,
almost
as
if
they
had
been
a
heap
of
filings
of
Iron
.
But
the
Operation
of
the
Fire
perhaps
contributed
,
as
much
(
or
more
)
as
the
Linseed
Oyl
,
to
this
Change.
For
a
parcel
of
the
red
Powder
being
kept
Ignited
in
a
Crucible
,
tho
without
the
Liquor
,
did
afterwards
appear
Magnetical
.
After
having
said
thus
much
of
the
most
useful
of
uncommon
Stones
,
the
Magnet
:
It
will
not
,
I
presume
,
be
thought
incongruous
to
subjoin
some
Remarks
about
the
most
precious
of
them
that
are
known
among
us
,
viz.
Diamonds
;
which
will
be
done
in
the
next
Chapter
.
CHAP.
II.
CONTAINING
Various
Observations
about
DIAMONDS
.
DIamonds
being
generally
esteem'd
the
most
Noble
and
Precious
of
Gems
,
and
even
of
Inanimate
Bodies
here
below
,
(
for
of
Carbuncles
,
the
very
Existence
is
disputed
;
)
the
Opportunity
I
had
of
being
one
of
the
Committee
or
Directors
of
the
English
East-India
Company
,
(
whereto
the
desire
of
Knowledge
,
not
Profit
,
drew
me
)
allow'd
me
in
some
measure
to
gratifie
my
Curiosity
about
them
,
by
adding
to
some
Observations
of
my
own
,
the
Answers
I
had
to
the
questions
,
I
propounded
to
some
East-India
Merchants
and
Jewellers
,
that
had
Opportunity
to
deal
much
with
those
Gems
.
Part
of
what
I
had
learn'd
about
them
,
I
committed
from
time
to
time
to
some
Papers
,
which
were
the
main
things
that
supply'd
me
with
the
following
Particulars
.
These
Gems
,
(
to
add
that
upon
the
by
,
)
may
the
rather
deserve
our
Curiosity
,
because
the
Commerce
they
help
to
maintain
between
the
Western
and
Eastern
parts
of
the
World
,
is
very
considerable
.
For
as
small
as
their
Bulk
is
,
their
Properties
and
Mens
Opinion
,
do
so
much
recommend
them
,
that
I
remember
one
of
the
most
famous
and
intelligent
Merchants
of
this
Nation
,
(
who
has
been
Governor
of
more
than
one
Trading
Company
in
it
,
)
being
enquir'd
of
by
me
about
the
value
of
the
Diamond
Trade
;
he
answer'd
me
,
That
according
to
his
well-grounded
Estimate
,
there
came
from
the
East-Indies
into
Europe
,
one
year
with
another
,
to
the
value
of
about
350000
Sterl
.
of
which
about
100000
l.
came
into
England
;
which
at
present
,
because
of
the
prudent
Indulgence
of
the
Government
,
and
of
the
East-India
Company
,
is
become
the
Mart
of
Diamonds
.
I.
To
prove
the
great
hardness
of
Diamonds
,
even
in
comparison
of
other
Bodies
,
that
are
thought
wonderfully
hard
,
a
famous
Artist
for
cutting
of
Diamonds
,
in
return
to
some
questions
I
put
him
,
affirm'd
to
me
,
that
he
could
not
either
Cut
or
Polish
Diamonds
with
any
thing
but
with
Diamonds
.
And
he
further
answered
me
,
that
if
he
should
employ
so
rough
a
way
,
and
such
forcible
Engines
to
cut
Rubies
or
any
other
Stones
,
as
he
does
to
cut
Diamonds
,
it
would
presently
break
them
in
pieces
;
which
the
Inspection
of
his
Engine
made
very
probable
to
me
.
II.
A
very
skilful
Cutter
and
Polisher
of
Diamonds
(
Mr.
L.
)
being
demanded
by
me
,
whether
he
found
that
all
sorts
of
Diamonds
were
of
equal
Hardness
,
told
me
,
that
having
dealt
in
Diamonds
near
twenty
years
in
Amsterdam
,
and
divers
years
in
England
,
he
perceiv'd
that
there
are
of
later
years
,
brought
over
worse
and
worse
sorts
of
Diamonds
;
so
that
he
judges
those
of
the
old
Rock
(
as
he
calls
them
)
either
to
be
quite
spent
in
the
Indies
themselves
,
or
at
least
to
be
seldom
or
never
brought
over
to
us
.
And
he
finds
several
of
recent
Diamonds
,
so
soft
and
brittle
in
comparison
of
those
of
the
old
Rock
,
that
he
is
oftentimes
afraid
,
or
unwilling
to
meddle
with
them
,
least
he
should
spoil
them
in
the
Cutting
or
Polishing
.
III.
Notwithstanding
the
(
lately
mention'd
)
wonderful
Hardness
of
Diamonds
,
there
is
no
Truth
in
the
Tradition
,
as
generally
as
't
is
receiv'd
,
that
represents
Diamonds
as
uncapable
of
being
broken
by
any
External
force
,
unless
they
be
soften'd
by
being
steep'd
in
the
Blood
of
a
Goat
.
For
this
odd
Assertion
,
I
find
to
be
contradicted
by
frequent
practice
of
Diamond
Cutters
:
And
particularly
having
enquir'd
of
one
of
them
,
to
whom
abundance
of
those
Gems
are
brought
to
be
fitted
for
the
Jeweller
and
Goldsmith
,
he
assur'd
me
,
That
he
makes
much
of
his
Powder
to
Polish
Diamonds
with
,
only
,
by
beating
board
Diamonds
(
as
they
call
them
)
in
a
Steel
or
Iron
Morter
,
and
that
he
has
that
way
made
with
ease
,
some
hundreds
of
Carrats
of
Diamond
Dust
.
IV.
'T
is
an
Opinion
receiv'd
among
many
that
deal
in
Gems
,
that
as
Diamonds
are
the
hardest
of
Bodies
,
so
the
same
Compactness
,
and
their
great
Solidity
,
gives
them
also
a
proportionable
Gravity
,
and
makes
them
extreamly
weighty
,
in
reference
to
their
Bulk
:
And
I
saw
in
the
Hands
of
a
Virtuoso
,
a
Book
(
that
I
could
not
procure
)
not
long
since
put
out
by
a
French
Jeweller
,
who
as
he
affirms
,
has
dealt
very
much
in
Diamonds
;
wherein
the
Author
asserts
,
the
great
Ponderosity
of
these
Stones
,
in
comparison
of
other
Bodies
.
But
this
Opinion
agrees
very
little
with
the
following
Experiment
,
that
I
find
among
others
,
that
I
try'd
about
Gems
,
Register'd
to
this
purpose
.
A
rough
Diamond
somewhat
dark
within
,
did
in
a
pair
of
Scales
that
would
turn
either
way
with
the
32th
part
of
a
Grain
,
weigh
8
Grains
,
and
eight
Sixteenths
.
This
Stone
being
with
care
weigh'd
in
Water
,
according
to
the
Rules
of
the
Hydrostaticks
;
its
weight
appear'd
to
be
to
that
of
an
equal
Bulk
of
that
Liquor
,
as
2
11
/
23
to
1.
So
that
,
as
far
as
can
be
judg'd
by
this
Tryal
,
even
a
Diamond
weighs
not
full
thrice
as
much
as
Water
.
V.
A
famous
and
experienc'd
Cutter
of
Diamonds
,
being
ask'd
by
me
,
whether
he
did
not
find
some
rough
Diamonds
heavier
than
others
of
the
same
bigness
,
told
me
,
that
he
did
,
especially
if
some
of
them
were
Cloudy
or
foul
:
Insomuch
that
shewing
me
a
Diamond
that
seem'd
to
be
about
the
bigness
of
two
ordinary
Pease
or
less
,
he
affirm'd
,
That
he
sometimes
found
in
Diamonds
of
that
bigness
,
compar'd
together
about
a
Carrat
(
or
four
Grains
)
difference
in
point
of
weight
.
VI.
The
shape
or
figure
of
Diamonds
is
not
so
easie
to
be
securely
determin'd
.
For
those
that
are
seen
in
Rings
and
other
Jewels
,
having
been
by
way
of
Preparation
cut
and
polish'd
,
have
chang'd
their
natural
Figures
for
that
which
the
Artificer
thought
fit
to
give
them
.
And
rough
Diamonds
themselves
(
which
are
not
obviously
met
with
)
do
oftentimes
come
to
our
Hands
broken
,
tho
unwillingly
,
by
the
Diggers
.
And
thereby
unfit
to
acquaint
us
with
their
genuine
Shape
,
which
we
may
also
miss
of
being
able
to
discover
,
on
account
of
the
Accidents
that
the
matter
they
consisted
of
was
subject
to
,
at
their
formation
in
the
Mine
.
For
to
omit
other
Proofs
,
having
had
a
Parcel
of
between
100
and
150
(
if
I
misremember
not
the
Number
,
)
put
into
my
Hands
at
one
time
in
the
East-India
House
to
gratifie
my
Curiosity
,
I
found
very
few
of
them
compleatly
shap'd
;
but
most
of
them
broken
,
and
of
very
irregular
Figures
,
like
those
of
so
much
Gravel
taken
up
at
adventures
upon
the
Sea-shore
.
But
some
few
I
saw
that
were
pretty
regularly
figur'd
,
which
probably
were
not
much
hinder'd
from
shooting
freely
in
the
Wombs
or
Cavities
,
wherein
they
were
Coagulated
or
Concreted
.
And
these
seem'd
to
consist
,
in
my
opinion
,
of
several
Triangular
Surfaces
that
were
terminated
in
,
or
compos'd
,
diverse
solid
Angles
.
And
one
rough
Diamond
I
had
of
my
own
,
wherein
this
Shape
was
more
conspicuous
than
I
remember
to
have
seen
in
any
other
.
Besides
having
enquir'd
of
a
very
experienc'd
Artificer
,
who
dealt
much
in
fitting
these
Gems
for
the
Goldsmiths
use
,
whether
he
found
rough
Diamonds
to
be
of
any
constant
Figure
,
and
if
he
did
,
what
that
Figure
was
?
He
answer'd
me
,
That
he
always
found
those
that
had
any
constant
,
(
or
as
he
meant
,
regular
)
Figure
,
to
be
in
his
own
Expression
six
corner'd
.
VII
.
Diamonds
have
in
them
a
Grain
(
or
a
determinate
tendency
of
their
Fibres
,
or
rather
of
the
thin
Plates
they
are
made
up
.
of
,
)
as
well
as
Wood
,
and
may
with
case
enough
be
split
along
the
Grain
,
tho
not
against
it
;
as
I
have
seen
a
very
large
Diamond
that
was
cut
according
to
the
Grain
into
three
pieces
,
whereof
the
middlemost
,
tho
large
and
about
the
thickness
of
a
Shilling
,
was
of
an
even
thickness
,
and
exactly
flat
on
both
sides
.
I
have
my self
a
Diamond-Ring
,
whose
Stone
I
would
not
have
polish'd
,
but
caus'd
it
to
be
set
rough
as
Nature
produc'd
it
,
because
in
that
state
the
Grain
is
manifest
to
the
naked
Eye
,
and
much
more
to
a
Glass
moderately
magnifying
the
several
Plates
it
consists
of
,
having
their
Edges
distinguishable
like
those
of
a
Book
a
little
open'd
.
A
Cutter
of
these
Gems
that
has
had
store
of
them
to
practise
his
skill
on
,
answer'd
me
,
That
one
good
blow
may
split
even
great
Diamonds
,
if
it
be
given
,
as
they
speak
,
with
the
Grain
;
but
against
the
Grain
,
he
affirm'd
to
me
,
as
dexterous
and
expert
an
Artificer
as
he
is
,
that
he
is
not
able
so
much
as
to
Cut
or
Polish
them
.
VIII
.
The
common
Colour
of
Diamond
being
generally
enough
known
by
sight
,
't
is
not
needful
,
as
it
would
not
be
to
describe
it
by
Words
;
but
the
most
usual
Colour
of
these
Gems
is
not
the
only
,
of
which
they
may
sometimes
be
found
.
A
great
Traveller
into
the
Eastern
parts
of
the
World
assur'd
me
,
That
he
had
seen
some
of
them
that
were
of
a
pale
blewish
Colour
:
That
famous
French
Jeweller
as
well
as
Traveller
,
Monsieur
Tavernier
,
gives
an
account
of
a
fair
Diamond
that
he
had
of
a
very
red
colour
;
and
that
great
.
Ornament
of
our
English
Court
the
D.
of
R.
told
me
,
that
she
was
Mistress
of
a
fair
one
,
which
tho
not
of
a
Ruby
,
was
of
a
red
Colour
,
but
not
having
it
at
Hand
,
she
could
not
then
shew
it
me
:
A
Relation
of
mine
,
in
the
same
Court
,
used
to
wear
a
Diamond
Ring
;
which
tho
the
Stone
was
not
great
,
he
valu'd
at
a
hundred
Pound
,
because
its
Colour
was
of
so
fine
a
Golden
yellow
,
that
I
I
should
have
taken
it
for
an
excellent
Topaz
,
but
that
he
had
satisfi'd
me
't
was
a
Diamond
to
which
agreed
its
great
hardness
,
which
gave
an
uncommon
Luster
.
And
I
remember
,
that
Surveying
attentively
a
parcel
of
rough
Diamonds
newly
brought
from
the
East-Indies
,
I
perceiv'd
among
them
,
besides
several
lighter
variations
of
Colour
.
One
Stone
that
was
all
Green
,
and
that
to
such
a
degree
,
that
I
doubted
not
that
if
it
were
polish'd
land
set
,
it
might
pass
for
an
excellent
Emerald
;
and
I
should
have
suspected
this
Gem
to
have
been
really
of
that
kind
,
but
that
I
found
it
among
Diamonds
that
belong'd
to
Merchants
too
Skilful
in
those
Gems
to
be
impos'd
upon
;
and
which
was
more
,
the
Stone
being
yet
rough
and
uncut
,
I
found
it
plainly
to
have
the
proper
shape
of
a
Diamond
.
IX
.
At
the
late
return
of
the
Ships
from
India
,
being
present
at
the
delivery
of
the
Diamonds
to
the
Owners
,
I
observ'd
one
belonging
to
a
Dutch
Merchant
whose
Father
was
a
Cutter
of
Diamonds
,
and
bred
him
to
the
same
Trade
.
The
Diamond
came
from
the
King
of
Cholconda
,
it
was
shaped
(
like
mine
)
with
fix
Triangular
sides
,
which
yet
were
neither
regularly
figured
nor
truly
flat
,
some
of
them
being
a
little
Convex
,
and
one
of
them
having
a
manifest
and
odly-figured
Cavity
in
it
.
But
the
Diamond
being
fair
and
flawless
,
and
so
thick
,
that
the
Merchant
told
me
it
would
be
too
deep
for
one
Ring
,
and
that
therefore
he
meant
to
split
it
into
two
.
I
had
it
weigh'd
,
and
found
it
to
amount
to
ten
Charats
(
or
40
Grains
)
.
I
could
easily
perceive
the
Grain
of
this
Diamond
,
which
the
Merchant
also
acknowledged
;
who
answer'd
me
,
that
he
had
never
seen
in
Diamonds
any
Heterogeneous
mixture
inclosed
.
He
further
inform'd
me
,
that
there
was
brought
him
a
large
Diamond
from
Borneo
,
that
was
much
darker
than
one
I
shewed
him
;
insomuch
that
he
compared
it
to
Soot
;
but
when
he
had
cut
and
polished
it
,
he
and
others
were
much
surprized
to
find
it
a
fair
and
clear
Stone
,
of
very
great
value
.
X.
The
conjecture
I
have
elsewhere
propos'd
,
that
divers
of
the
real
Virtues
of
Gems
may
be
probably
deriv'd
from
the
metalline
,
or
mineral
tinctures
,
or
other
Corpuseles
that
were
imbody'd
with
the
matter
of
the
Gem
,
whilst
it
was
yet
fluid
,
or
soft
,
and
afterwards
concoagulated
therewith
:
This
conjecture
,
I
say
,
may
be
much
countenanc'd
by
the
following
Relation
,
which
deserves
a
place
in
this
Chapter
,
by
reason
of
its
pertinency
to
the
Subject
of
it
.
I
have
long
suspected
that
the
matter
whereof
Diamonds
mainly
consist
was
,
whilst
it
was
yet
in
Solutis
Principiis
,
impregnated
with
metalline
,
and
more
particularly
with
martial
ones
:
But
by
reason
of
the
dearness
of
those
Gems
,
and
some
other
impediments
,
tho
I
have
ben
Master
of
several
Diamonds
of
differing
sizes
,
cut
,
and
uncut
,
yet
I
could
never
make
a
Tryal
capable
of
satisfying
my
curiosity
,
till
having
lately
met
with
among
other
little
curiosities
that
lay
long
neglected
by
me
,
some
number
of
small
Diamonds
,
that
I
had
bought
for
Experiments
;
I
consider'd
that
their
being
yet
rough
,
and
so
in
their
Natural
State
might
make
them
more
fit
for
my
purpose
,
and
so
it
might
that
they
were
not
so
clear
as
those
that
we
value
in
Rings
,
which
probably
argued
their
having
more
of
Martial
Tincture
in
them
than
I
should
expect
in
the
more
Diaphanous
:
Upon
this
account
,
I
say
,
I
took
a
moderately
vigorous
Loadstone
(
for
't
was
none
of
the
strongest
I
have
had
)
and
apply'd
it
successively
to
five
or
six
of
these
small
Stones
,
without
perceiving
it
had
any
Operation
on
them
:
But
when
I
came
to
apply
it
to
one
more
,
which
look't
somewhat
duller
than
almost
any
of
the
rest
,
I
found
that
it
had
in
it
Particles
enough
of
an
Iron
nature
to
make
it
a
Magnetical
Body
;
and
observ'd
without
surprise
,
that
not
only
it
would
suffer
it self
to
be
taken
up
by
the
strongest
Pole
of
the
Loadstone
,
but
when
that
Pole
was
offer'd
within
a
convenient
distance
,
it
would
readily
leap
through
the
Air
to
fasten
it self
to
it
.
I
have
elsewhere
mention'd
some
other
Qualities
of
Diamonds
,
as
besides
their
Electrical
Vertue
,
this
,
That
't
is
possible
that
some
of
them
may
without
Fire
or
Intense
Heat
be
brought
to
shine
;
tho
among
all
that
I
have
Try'd
,
I
found
but
two
that
I
could
so
make
Luminous
.
One
of
these
belongs
to
the
King
,
and
is
Describ'd
at
the
latter
end
of
our
History
of
Colours
;
and
the
other
is
a
very
small
one
of
my
own
;
which
either
was
quickly
lost
among
other
Stones
of
the
same
size
,
or
quickly
lost
its
Faculty
of
Shining
.
But
,
to
avoid
Repetitions
,
I
shall
here
only
add
,
that
some
few
other
Observations
of
a
more
peculiar
sort
than
those
deliver'd
in
the
two
foregoing
Pentades
,
may
be
found
in
other
Writings
of
ours
,
to
which
they
seem
more
properly
to
belong
.
CHAP.
III.
Many
Changes
of
Colour
produc'd
by
one
simple
Ingredient
.
I
Know
not
any
way
more
likely
to
Convince
the
generality
of
Men
(
who
are
wont
to
be
much
more
impress'd
on
by
sensible
Phenomena
than
Theories
,
tho
solidly
Founded
)
how
great
an
Interest
the
variable
Texture
of
Bodies
may
have
in
making
them
appear
of
differing
Colours
,
than
by
shewing
how
the
addition
of
a
single
Ingredient
that
either
is
Colour
ess
,
or
at
least
is
not
of
any
of
the
Colours
to
be
produced
,
is
capable
(
and
that
for
the
most
part
in
a
trice
)
by
introducing
a
secret
change
of
the
Texture
to
make
the
Body
,
't
is
put
to
,
appear
sometimes
of
one
Colour
,
sometimes
of
another
,
according
as
the
parts
of
the
Body
wrought
upon
are
dispos'd
to
receive
such
a
change
as
Modify's
the
incident
Beams
of
Light
after
the
manner
requisite
to
make
them
exhibit
a
Blew
,
a
Green
,
a
Red
,
or
some
other
particular
Colour
.
Upon
this
Consideration
I
thought
of
several
Liquors
,
such
as
Aqua
fortis
,
Oyl
(
as
they
call
it
)
of
Vitriol
,
or
instead
of
it
of
Sulphur
.
Aqua
Rezia
,
besides
other
Saline
Liquors
that
I
shall
not
now
stay
to
name
,
because
it
may
here
suffice
to
tell
you
,
that
amongst
them
all
I
made
choice
of
the
Spirit
(
not
that
which
Chymists
call
the
Oyl
)
of
Salt
,
as
that
which
is
very
simple
,
and
which
if
it
be
not
too
much
dephlegm'd
,
may
be
had
clear
and
Colourless
enough
.
With
this
Spirit
,
I
proceeded
to
make
the
following
Experiments
upon
several
Bodies
,
whose
differing
Textures
made
me
suppose
they
would
be
fit
for
my
purpose
.
And
tho
I
could
not
,
without
much
disadvantaging
my
Design
,
forbear
to
mention
some
Tryals
that
may
be
found
elsewhere
scatterd
among
my
Writings
on
other
occasions
;
yet
the
greatest
part
by
odds
of
those
laid
together
in
this
Chapter
,
will
,
I
presume
,
be
found
New.
I.
Some
drops
of
well
Coloured
Syrup
of
Violets
being
let
fall
together
upon
a
piece
of
white
Paper
,
if
a
third
or
fourth
part
so
much
Spirit
of
Salt
be
with
the
tip
of
one's
Finger
mix'd
with
them
,
the
Syrup
will
presently
become
of
a
Red
Colour
,
usually
somewhat
inclining
to
Purple
.
II.
But
if
the
Liquor
to
be
Acted
on
,
be
otherwise
disposed
,
't
is
possible
with
Spirit
of
Salt
to
turn
it
from
a
Blew
Colour
,
not
to
a
Red
,
but
to
a
Green
,
as
I
have
sometimes
done
by
letting
fall
into
a
deep
Solution
of
Filings
of
Copper
made
with
an
Urinous
Spirit
,
as
that
of
Sal
armonia●
,
just
as
many
drops
of
Spirit
of
Salt
as
were
requisite
and
sufficient
to
produce
the
change
intended
.
I
say
just
so
many
Drops
,
because
a
very
small
error
either
in
excess
or
defect
,
may
leave
the
mixture
still
Blew
,
or
bring
it
to
be
all
Colourless
.
III.
Upon
a
quantity
,
not
exceeding
many
Drops
of
good
Syrup
of
Violets
,
let
fall
two
or
three
drops
of
good
Spirit
of
Urine
,
Harts-horn
,
or
the
like
,
or
of
Oyl
of
Tartar
per
deliquium
;
and
when
by
mixing
them
well
,
the
Syrup
has
acquired
a
fine
Green
Colour
,
then
by
putting
to
it
a
little
of
the
Spirit
of
Salt
,
and
stirring
it
with
the
tip
of
your
Finger
,
you
may
turn
the
Green
Syrup
(
as
in
the
first
Experiment
you
did
the
Blew
)
into
a
Red.
IV.
If
you
put
a
quantity
of
Red
Rose
Leaves
well
dryed
into
a
Glass
Vial
almost
full
of
fair
Water
,
and
soon
after
put
to
them
as
much
Spirit
of
Salt
as
will
make
the
Water
pretty
Sharp
,
you
will
quickly
see
both
that
Liquor
and
the
contain'd
Leaves
brought
to
a
fine
and
lovely
Red
,
which
Scarlet
Colour
it
will
retain
for
a
great
while
;
the
like
effect
Spirit
of
Salt
will
have
on
some
other
Vegetables
of
a
Stiptick
or
of
an
Astringent
Nature
.
V.
But
if
by
infusing
Brazil
in
fair
Water
,
you
make
a
Tincture
of
it
,
which
you
may
much
deepen
by
droping
into
it
a
little
Spirit
of
Harts-horn
,
or
of
Urine
;
if
you
then
put
to
it
a
little
Spirit
of
Salt
,
it
will
presently
change
it
from
a
deeply
reddish
Colour
,
oftentimes
like
that
of
Muskadine
,
to
a
Colour
far
more
pale
,
or
rather
yellow
,
like
that
of
the
more
dilute
Sack
;
so
that
the
same
Spirit
acting
upon
two
Vegetable
Tinctures
differingly
dispos'd
,
draws
out
and
heightens
redness
in
one
,
and
destroys
it
in
the
other
.
VI.
If
you
make
an
Infusion
of
true
Lignum
Nephriticum
in
Spring
Water
,
it
will
appear
of
a
deep
Colour
,
like
that
of
Oranges
,
when
you
place
the
Vial
between
the
Window
and
your
Eye
,
and
of
a
fine
deep
Blew
when
you
look
on
it
with
your
Eye
placed
between
it
and
the
Window
.
But
if
you
shake
into
this
Liquor
a
few
drops
of
Spirit
of
Salt
,
the
Caeruleous
Colour
will
presently
vanish
and
appear
no
more
,
in
what
light
soever
you
look
upon
the
Vial
,
tho
the
Liquor
will
still
retain
the
Orange
Colour
.
VII
.
We
took
common
Writing
Ink
,
and
having
let
fall
several
Drops
of
it
upon
a
piece
of
white
Paper
,
so
that
when
it
grew
dry
in
the
Air
,
some
parts
of
the
Ink
lay
thick
and
some
thinner
upon
the
Paper
whereon
it
did
spread
it self
,
we
put
a
few
Drops
of
strong
Spirit
of
Salt
,
some
on
one
part
of
the
black'd
Paper
,
and
some
(
or
perhaps
a
small
Drop
)
on
another
,
and
observ'd
,
as
we
expected
,
that
in
these
places
,
where
the
Spirit
had
been
put
,
or
to
which
it
reach'd
,
the
blackness
was
quite
destroyed
,
and
succeeded
by
an
unpleasant
kind
of
Colour
that
seem'd
for
the
most
part
to
participate
of
Yellow
and
Blew
,
neither
of
them
good
in
its
kind
.
VIII
.
If
in
Spirit
of
Salt
,
you
dissolve
Filings
of
Steel
,
and
slowly
evaporate
the
filtrated
Solution
,
it
will
shoot
into
a
kind
of
Vitriolum
Martis
that
will
be
Green
as
well
as
that
which
Chymists
vulgarly
make
with
Oyl
of
Vitriol
.
And
to
add
,
That
on
this
occasion
,
if
you
take
these
Chrystals
made
with
Spirit
of
Salt
,
and
when
they
are
dry
,
keep
them
in
a
Crucible
,
you
will
find
that
even
a
moderate
Fire
if
duly
apply'd
,
will
make
them
in
a
short
time
exchange
their
Green
Colour
for
a
Red
,
like
that
of
the
finer
sort
of
Crocus
Martis
,
as
indeed
this
Operation
makes
them
referable
to
that
sort
of
Medicines
.
IX
.
We
took
some
Mercury
precipitated
,
per
se
(
that
is
,
by
the
sole
Action
of
the
Fire
,
without
any
saline
additaments
)
and
tho
crude
Mercury
is
not
as
far
as
I
have
tryed
,
soluble
in
our
English
Spirit
of
Salt
;
yet
this
Red
Precipitate
(
which
is
suppos'd
to
be
meer
Mercury
)
with
its
own
Sulphur
extraverted
,
did
readily
enough
dissolve
in
that
Liquor
,
and
if
I
very
much
misremember
not
,
did
not
at
all
impart
its
own
Colour
to
it
:
And
I
also
found
that
Red-Lead
or
Minium
being
boyl'd
a
while
in
good
Spirit
of
Salt
,
the
Redness
did
totally
disappear
.
So
that
the
same
Agent
that
produces
Redness
in
divers
Bodies
,
did
in
those
two
,
I
have
been
mentioning
,
more
than
change
it
,
since
it
quite
abolished
it
.
Of
which
also
,
I
can
give
you
an
easier
instance
,
by
observing
that
the
Reddest
Coral
being
dissolv'd
in
our
Menstruum
,
the
Redness
vanishes
,
and
the
Solutition
appears
Colourless
.
X.
Take
Filings
of
Copper
,
(
the
smallest
are
the
fittest
for
this
Experiment
)
,
and
having
poured
on
them
good
Spirit
of
Salt
till
it
swim
,
about
two
fingers
breadth
over
them
;
keep
the
Vial
in
a
pretty
strong
Heat
(
in
a
Sand
Furnace
)
till
you
perceive
the
Menstruum
has
dissolv'd
a
competent
part
of
the
Metal
:
Then
warily
take
out
the
Vial
,
and
holding
it
between
your
Eye
and
the
Light
,
you
will
perceive
the
Solution
of
Copper
to
be
not
like
that
of
Steel
formerly
mentioned
,
of
a
Green
Colour
,
but
of
a
dark
and
troubled
one
,
oftentimes
inclining
to
a
deep
,
but
muddy
Red.
XI
.
But
if
you
pour
this
Solution
into
a
wide-mouth
Glass
,
and
let
it
stand
for
a
competent
time
,
(
which
sometimes
amounts
but
to
a
few
hours
,
and
sometimes
to
very
many
)
the
expos'd
Liquor
will
appear
of
a
Green
,
much
finer
than
that
of
the
Chrystals
of
Mars
.
XII
.
Take
filtrated
and
limpid
Solution
of
Silver
,
or
of
Mercury
made
in
Aqua
fortis
,
and
drop
upon
it
some
Spirit
of
Salt
,
by
which
you
shall
find
the
clear
Liquor
turn'd
white
as
Milk
,
which
after
a
while
will
let
fall
a
precipitate
of
the
same
Colour
.
XIII
.
And
if
instead
of
a
Solution
of
Silver
or
Quick-silver
,
you
take
a
Red
Solution
or
Tincture
of
Benjamin
,
or
of
the
Resinous
part
of
Jallap
Root
,
or
you
'le
also
have
upon
the
Affusion
of
Spirit
of
Salt
,
a
white
Liquor
and
a
Precipitate
of
the
same
Colour
.
XIV
.
Being
desirous
to
produce
two
differingColours
at
once
by
the
same
Affusion
of
Spirit
of
Salt
,
I
infused
some
dryed
red
Rose
leaves
in
fair
Water
,
till
it
had
acquired
a
deep
Colour
from
them
.
To
this
Infusion
,
pour'd
off
warily
,
that
it
might
be
clear
,
I
added
a
considerable
proportion
of
the
sweet
Liquor
,
made
by
digesting
Spirit
of
Vinegar
upon
red
Lead
,
by
which
I
knew
't
would
be
turn'd
of
a
Blewish
Green.
Upon
this
almost
opacous
Liquor
,
I
pour'd
Spirit
of
Salt
,
which
as
I
expected
,
precipitated
the
Lead
that
had
been
dissolv'd
in
the
sweet
Liquor
,
into
a
very
white
Powder
,
and
gave
the
remaining
Liquor
,
well
impregnated
with
particles
of
the
Rose
Leaves
,
a
very
fine
and
durable
Scarlet
Colour
.
To
which
Experiment
I
shall
add
on
this
occasion
,
that
if
it
had
been
well
made
,
you
may
barely
by
shaking
very
well
together
and
confounding
the
White
Powder
with
the
Red
Liquor
,
make
a
Carnation
Colour
,
which
(
when
't
is
made
as
it
should
be
)
appear'd
very
fine
and
lovely
whilst
it
lasted
,
for
in
no
long
time
the
two
Substances
that
compos'd
it
,
would
by
degrees
separate
,
and
re-appear
each
of
them
in
its
former
place
and
Colour
.
XV.
We
took
some
Spirit
of
Salt
,
that
having
lain
long
upon
Fylings
of
Copper
,
had
lost
the
muddy
Tincture
it
had
first
acquired
by
being
almost
boil'd
upon
them
.
This
Liquor
,
I
say
,
that
look'd
like
common
Water
,
we
pour'd
into
a
small
,
but
wide-mouth'd
Christal-Glass
,
about
half
an
hour
after
8
in
the
Morning
,
and
leaving
it
in
a
Window
,
it
appear'd
after
40
Minutes
to
have
there
acquir'd
a
Colour
,
much
like
that
of
a
German
Amethist
,
and
seem'd
to
have
no
tendency
to
Greenness
.
But
being
detain'd
by
the
visit
of
a
Virtuoso
till
eleven
a
Clock
,
I
could
not
see
what
happen'd
in
the
mean
time
:
But
then
as
he
was
going
away
,
I
invited
him
to
see
the
Liquor
,
which
he
(
not
knowing
what
it
was
)
told
me
it
look'd
of
a
Grass-green
Colour
,
wherein
tho
I
were
not
altogether
of
his
mind
,
yet
in
a
short
time
after
,
it
did
to
me
also
appear
of
a
lovely
Green
;
in
its
passage
to
which
it
had
in
all
been
expos'd
about
3
hours
and
a
half
XVI
.
Precipitate
a
strong
Solution
of
Sublimate
,
(
made
in
fair
Water
)
with
a
s
.
q.
(
and
no
more
)
of
Oyl
of
Tartar
per
deliquium
.
Put
the
Liquor
and
Powder
into
a
Filter
of
Cap-paper
,
and
when
the
Water
is
run
thorow
,
there
will
remain
in
the
Filter
the
Precipitate
,
which
is
to
be
slowly
and
well
dry'd
.
Then
take
it
out
of
the
Filter
,
in
the
form
of
a
gross
Powder
,
and
having
put
it
into
a
clear
Glass
,
let
fall
on
it
warily
some
Drops
of
pretty
strong
Spirit
of
Salt
,
and
(
if
the
Experiment
succeeds
with
you
as
it
did
with
me
)
during
the
Conflict
that
will
be
made
,
the
little
Lumps
of
the
Precipitate
will
lose
all
their
former
Brick-dust
Colour
,
and
turn
White
,
tho
afterwards
they
will
appear
dissolv'd
into
a
transparent
Liquor
,
wherein
the
Orange
Colour
is
quite
abolish'd
.
XVII
.
Having
calcin'd
Copper
without
any
Additament
,
save
Fire
and
Water
(
by
the
way
we
elsewhere
mention
)
we
took
an
Arbitrary
quantity
of
it
,
and
having
pour'd
on
it
about
3
or
4
times
the
quantity
of
good
Spirit
of
Salt
,
we
obtain'd
(
what
we
look'd
for
)
both
a
Muddy
,
but
manifestly
Reddish
Liquor
,
and
(
somewhat
to
the
surprize
of
the
Persons
I
had
a
mind
to
satisfy
)
a
white
Powder
,
whose
quantity
bore
a
considerable
proportion
to
the
Part
that
was
dissolv'd
,
(
but
whose
Qualities
belong
not
to
this
place
)
In
which
part
its
self
,
(
to
add
that
upon
the
by
)
by
the
affusion
of
common
Water
,
and
the
action
of
the
Air
,
we
afterwards
produc'd
more
than
one
change
of
Colour
.
XVIII
.
We
sometimes
for
Curiosity
sake
took
a
quantity
,
not
exceeding
a
spoonful
,
of
the
dark
brown
or
somewhat
reddish
Solution
of
♀
,
mention'd
in
the
foregoing
Experiment
,
and
having
put
it
into
a
cylindrical
Vial
,
that
the
change
of
Colour
may
appear
the
better
,
we
pour'd
on
it
2
or
3
Spoonfuls
of
totally
ardent
vinous
Spirit
,
and
giving
the
Glass
a
shake
to
mingle
them
,
we
presently
had
(
as
soon
as
the
mixture
became
clear
)
a
lovely
green
Liquor
,
which
when
't
was
well
setled
,
was
very
fair
,
and
lookt
almost
as
if
it
were
a
liquid
Emerald
.
XIX
.
We
took
some
green
Taffatee
Ribband
,
and
having
moisten'd
one
part
of
it
,
that
was
not
great
,
twice
or
thrice
with
good
Spirit
of
Salt
,
we
suffer'd
it
to
dry
of
its
self
;
which
it
did
in
a
short
time
,
and
then
we
found
as
we
expected
,
that
the
wetted
part
was
no
longer
of
a
Green
,
but
chang'd
to
a
Blew
Colour
.
But
the
same
Spirit
,
(
to
add
that
upon
the
by
)
presently
turn'd
that
part
of
a
piece
of
black
Ribband
,
upon
which
we
put
2
or
3
Drops
of
it
to
a
Colour
not
unlike
that
which
they
call
Fueille
Morte
,
or
,
a
fading
Leaf
.
XX.
'T
is
usual
in
Paper-shops
,
and
in
divers
other
places
,
to
meet
with
Pamphlets
and
other
thin
Books
that
are
covered
with
Papers
that
look
sometimes
of
a
Greenish
Blew
Colour
,
bordering
upon
Purple
,
and
sometimes
upon
that
of
Violets
.
Some
of
the
deeper
colour'd
Papers
of
this
sort
,
I
have
several
times
to
gratify
some
curious
Persons
,
especially
of
the
Sex
,
held
in
my
left
hand
,
and
with
the
other
lightly
and
nimbly
toucht
them
here
and
there
with
the
end
of
a
feather
(
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
Quill
)
dipt
in
Spirit
of
Salt
,
which
almost
in
the
twinkling
of
an
Eye
,
dy'd
the
toucht
parts
of
the
Paper
with
a
Lovely
Red
,
that
would
sometimes
continue
very
Vivid
for
a
good
while
,
and
be
manifest
at
the
end
of
divers
Weeks
,
if
not
Months
.
And
if
instead
of
the
forementioned
Quil
,
I
took
into
my
right
hand
(
a
Brush
,
or
)
somewhat
that
was
fit
to
sprinkle
with
,
and
having
dipt
it
in
the
Saline
Spirit
,
made
many
drops
at
once
fall
upon
the
Paper
,
't
was
pleasant
enough
to
behold
how
suddenly
and
prettily
it
would
be
Speckled
.
XXI
.
VVe
took
Antimony
well
powder'd
,
and
pour'd
on
it
3
or
4
times
its
weight
of
good
Spirit
of
Salt
;
we
caus'd
it
to
be
boil'd
in
this
Liquor
,
(
and
that
in
a
Glass
Vessel
)
wherein
a
part
of
it
was
dissolv'd
,
and
taken
up
into
the
Menstruum
;
where
the
Antimony
quite
lost
its
blackness
.
And
this
thus
impregnated
Spirit
of
Salt
,
being
dropt
into
fair
VVater
,
the
black
Mineral
subsided
immediately
,
in
the
form
of
a
very
white
Powder
or
Precipitate
.
To
these
I
might
add
other
changes
of
Colours
,
that
I
have
made
,
by
the
help
of
Spirit
of
Salt.
But
these
being
not
of
so
quick
and
easy
Tryal
,
(
especially
because
some
of
them
require
skill
in
Chymistry
)
I
thought
it
not
fit
to
annex
them
;
supposing
that
those
already
deliver'd
,
amounting
to
above
four
Pentades
,
may
suffice
for
the
purpose
declar'd
at
the
begining
of
this
Paper
.
And
also
to
afford
us
this
Reflection
,
That
it
may
not
be
amiss
,
if
Physicians
,
Chymists
,
and
others
that
are
wont
to
compound
Drugs
,
or
other
Ingredients
;
would
be
less
forward
than
they
usually
are
,
to
mingle
,
not
to
say
to
jumble
,
several
of
them
together
,
either
unnecessary
,
or
without
due
regard
to
the
friendly
and
incongruous
Qualities
(
in
reference
to
one
another
)
that
the
separate
Ingredients
may
have
.
For
most
of
us
are
but
too
lyable
to
be
mistaken
,
when
we
presume
before-hand
,
what
changes
the
Coalition
,
or
other
Associations
of
differing
Bodies
may
produce
;
especially
if
they
be
either
Saline
,
or
plentifully
partakers
of
a
Saline
Nature
;
Since
Experience
frequently
shews
,
that
by
the
Action
and
Reaction
that
are
consequent
upon
untry'd
ways
of
Composition
,
there
Emerge
in
the
mixture
new
Consistences
and
other
Qualities
or
Accidents
,
that
were
not
look'd
for
,
when
the
Ingredients
't
is
compounded
of
,
were
put
together
.
And
tho
it
may
sometimes
happen
luckily
enough
,
that
these
Emergent
Qualities
,
whether
of
Drugs
,
or
other
Comparatively
simple
Bodies
,
may
prove
advantagious
;
yet
this
may
well
be
look'd
upon
but
as
a
lucky
chance
;
and
hinders
not
,
but
that
one
may
justly
fear
that
ordinarily
the
newly
produc'd
quality
of
a
Medicine
,
may
prove
to
be
either
worse
than
was
expected
,
or
at
least
other
than
was
design'd
,
and
consequently
less
fit
for
the
Physicians
or
the
Artists
determinate
purpose
.
CHAP.
IV.
An
Advertisement
touching
those
Passages
that
in
this
Book
relate
to
the
Art
of
Medicine
.
THE
favourable
Reception
the
Publick
was
pleas'd
to
give
two
Editions
set
forth
in
one
Year
of
The
Usefulness
of
Experimental
Philosophy
,
having
Encourag'd
the
Stationer
to
Solicite
me
for
a
new
Impression
,
I
was
on
the
same
ground
invited
to
think
of
making
additions
to
divers
parts
of
that
Treatise
;
but
afterwards
observing
that
notwithstanding
the
Thanks
and
Acknowledgments
I
had
the
good
fortune
to
receive
from
several
Physicians
(
some
of
them
of
great
Reputation
,
and
perhaps
by
that
only
known
to
me
)
yet
others
were
not
well
pleas'd
that
a
Person
not
of
their
Profession
should
offer
to
meddle
with
it
,
tho
with
a
design
of
advancing
it
:
I
,
whose
condition
exempted
me
from
taking
upon
me
their
Calling
,
and
who
consequently
must
want
many
opportunities
that
others
injoy'd
of
making
Observations
about
the
Phaenomena
of
Diseases
and
of
Medicines
,
suffer'd
my self
without
much
violence
to
be
diverted
to
other
Studies
more
suitable
to
my
Inclinations
,
as
well
as
to
my
Condition
,
and
accordingly
I
laid
aside
the
Papers
I
had
Written
in
reference
to
the
Physicians
Art
,
nor
were
it
easy
,
or
perhaps
possible
for
me
to
retrieve
them
,
after
they
have
lain
so
many
Years
dispers'd
and
neglected
,
by
which
means
perchance
divers
of
them
have
been
lost
.
But
all
this
could
not
hinder
me
from
being
press'd
to
retrieve
and
communicate
these
scatter'd
and
dusty
Papers
by
the
Secretary
of
the
Royal
Society
Mr.
H.
Oldenburgh
:
For
as
this
Gentleman
has
been
almost
every
where
wonderfully
solicitous
to
preserve
every
thing
from
being
lost
,
that
may
any
way
contribute
to
increase
the
stock
of
useful
knowledg
.
So
having
got
notice
of
these
Papers
,
and
a
sight
of
some
of
them
,
his
partiality
for
me
made
him
much
over-value
them
,
and
perswaded
him
that
a
Collection
of
them
as
incoherent
and
unfinisht
as
they
were
,
might
be
of
some
use
to
the
Physicians
Art.
And
this
seem'd
the
more
hopeful
,
because
Natural
Philosophy
being
a
Science
of
far
greater
Extent
than
Physick
,
and
supplying
it
,
with
many
of
its
Principles
and
Theories
;
't
is
very
Possible
that
Naturalists
,
tho
not
Profest
Physicians
,
may
propose
some
such
comprehensive
Notions
and
Methods
,
as
may
awaken
and
inlarge
the
minds
of
them
that
are
so
,
and
at
least
afford
some
useful
hints
to
considering
and
ingenious
Men.
And
in
effect
divers
Physicians
,
as
well
as
many
Patients
,
have
been
pleas'd
to
declare
(
some
in
Print
,
and
some
other
ways
)
that
sometimes
they
found
not
useless
assistances
from
some
of
those
Papers
,
wherein
I
occasionally
touch'd
on
Medicinal
things
.
Such
Motives
as
these
made
Mr.
Oldenburg
so
earnest
to
procure
the
scatter'd
Fragments
,
that
I
might
have
yet
remaining
,
about
Medicinal
Affairs
,
that
tho
for
the
Reasons
mention'd
above
,
I
could
not
think
it
fit
to
make
a
Collection
of
Papers
so
unlike
in
their
Subjects
,
so
disproportionate
in
their
Bulk
,
and
so
unfinish'd
and
imperfect
on
divers
scores
;
Yet
thus
far
I
was
content
to
comply
with
his
desires
,
that
when
these
Trifles
came
to
hand
,
I
would
now
and
then
insert
them
among
my
Experimenta
&
Observationes
Physicoe
.
(
Medicine
being
a
Part
,
or
an
Application
of
Natural
Philosophy
)
especially
if
there
were
any
great
affinity
between
the
Paper
I
lighted
on
,
and
the
Subject
I
was
then
treating
of
:
Knowing
well
that
Mr.
Oldenburg
,
and
perhaps
some
others
too
,
had
rather
I
should
impart
them
at
all
adventures
,
than
suppress
what
they
judg'd
might
be
useful
;
and
that
't
was
better
to
run
the
hazard
of
having
them
slighted
,
than
lost
.
This
Advertisement
I
thought
fit
to
give
in
this
place
,
once
for
all
,
that
when
hereafter
there
shall
occur
any
thing
among
these
Experimenta
&
Observationes
Physicae
,
that
directly
relates
to
the
Physician
's
Art
,
you
may
not
think
it
strange
,
remembring
upon
what
account
I
ventur'd
to
meddle
with
things
of
that
Nature
,
and
also
that
you
may
readily
understand
what
I
mean
,
when
you
meet
with
any
Particulars
delivered
,
as
Thoughts
or
Desiderata
or
Wishes
,
tending
to
,
or
aiming
at
the
Improvement
of
Medicine
;
which
how
slight
or
superfluous
soever
they
may
be
to
Experienc'd
Masters
,
to
whom
I
did
not
presume
to
recommend
them
,
I
thought
might
probably
be
serviceable
to
a
very
Ingenious
,
but
yet
Young
Cultivator
of
that
noble
Art
,
(
whose
Name
,
I
conceal'd
after
the
way
of
the
Curious
of
Germany
under
that
of
Trallianus
,
)
for
whose
use
they
were
intended
.
The
I.
PENTADE
.
EXPERIMENT
I.
A
very
Tall
and
well
Set
Gentleman
,
Aged
about
24
years
,
by
a
Fall
from
his
Horse
,
had
his
Skull
broken
in
several
places
,
and
being
a
Person
of
good
Estate
,
had
several
Chirurgeons
to
attend
him
in
the
course
of
his
Sickness
;
during
which
he
was
divers
times
Trepan'd
,
and
had
several
pieces
of
his
Skull
taken
off
,
which
left
great
Chasms
(
that
I
have
seen
and
felt
)
between
the
remaining
Parts
.
Within
about
three
days
after
his
Fall
,
this
Knight
(
for
so
he
now
is
)
was
taken
with
a
Dead
Palsey
on
his
Right
Side
,
which
did
not
equally
affect
his
Arm
and
his
Leg
:
The
use
of
the
latter
being
somtimes
suddenly
Restor'd
to
him
in
some
measure
,
and
(
tho
seldom
)
after
a
while
almost
as
suddenly
Lost
:
But
his
Arm
and
Head
were
constantly
Paralytical
,
being
wholly
depriv'd
of
Motion
;
and
having
so
little
Sense
,
that
it
would
sometimes
lye
under
his
Body
without
his
Feeling
it
.
But
if
his
Hand
were
prick't
with
a
Pin
,
he
could
take
notice
of
it
.
This
Palsey
continu'd
during
almost
the
whole
time
of
the
Cure
,
which
lasted
23
or
24
Weeks
.
And
when
the
Chirurgeons
were
going
to
close
up
his
Head
,
as
having
no
more
to
do
;
one
of
them
who
was
an
Ingenious
Man
,
and
Tenant
to
this
Gentleman
,
oppos'd
all
the
rest
,
alledging
,
that
,
if
they
did
no
more
,
the
Gentleman
would
lead
an
Useless
and
very
Melancholy
Life
;
and
that
he
was
confident
,
the
Palsey
was
some
way
or
other
occasion'd
by
the
Fall
,
which
had
left
somthing
in
the
Head
that
they
had
not
yet
discover'd
.
And
the
Knight
himself
agreeing
to
this
Man's
motion
,
his
Head
was
further
laid
open
;
and
at
length
,
under
a
piece
of
proud
Flesh
,
they
found
,
with
much
ado
,
a
Splinter
,
or
rather
Flake
,
of
a
Bone
,
that
bore
hard
upon
the
dura
mater
,
and
was
not
pull'd
out
without
a
great
Hemorrhage
,
and
such
a
stretch
of
the
Parts
,
as
made
the
Patient
think
his
Brain
it self
was
tearing
out
.
But
this
Mischief
was
soon
Remedy'd
,
and
his
Hurts
securely
Heal'd
up
;
and
he
is
now
a
Strong
Healthy
Man
,
and
finds
no
Inconvenience
by
having
so
broad
and
various
a
Callus
instead
of
the
Skull
;
save
that
he
is
a
little
obnoxious
to
take
Cold
in
his
Head.
But
the
memorable
Circumstances
,
for
whose
sake
I
mention
this
Narrative
,
were
these
:
When
I
ask'd
him
how
big
the
Bone
was
,
that
was
last
taken
out
?
He
told
me
,
that
it
was
less
than
half
the
Nail
of
one
of
his
Fingers
(
not
his
Thumb
)
and
that
it
was
almost
as
thin
,
being
in
size
and
shape
like
the
Scale
of
a
Fish
:
But
that
it
did
not
in
his
Head
lye
flat
,
but
bore
hard
upon
the
dura
mater
.
When
I
ask'd
him
how
long
after
it
was
taken
out
,
he
began
to
feel
some
Relief
,
as
to
his
Paralytic
Distemper
?
He
reply'd
,
That
in
less
than
five
hours
he
found
himself
,
to
his
great
joy
,
able
to
move
his
little
Finger
;
and
(
tho
this
happen'd
in
the
Evening
)
he
was
the
next
morning
able
to
move
all
his
Fingers
,
and
within
2
or
3
days
after
to
lift
up
his
Arm
:
By
which
it
seem'd
manifest
,
that
so
little
a
Body
as
the
Splinter
lately
mention'd
,
produc'd
in
so
robust
a
Person
,
a
Palsey
of
the
whole
side
it
lay
on
.
For
when
I
particularly
ask't
him
,
Whether
,
after
the
taking
away
of
the
proud
Flesh
that
encompass'd
the
little
Bone
,
he
did
not
find
,
if
he
found
none
before
,
some
Relief
as
to
his
Palsey
?
He
answer'd
,
that
he
found
none
at
all
,
till
the
Bone
had
been
pull'd
out
,
which
was
not
till
a
good
while
after
the
Chirurgeon
had
been
by
degrees
eating
off
the
proud
Flesh
that
,
grew
about
it
.
But
there
was
in
this
case
another
Phoenomenon
that
I
thought
little
less
considerable
than
the
former
.
For
,
remembring
the
important
controversie
,
that
is
agitated
among
modern
Physicians
and
Anatomists
,
about
Nutrition
by
the
Nerves
,
and
having
thereupon
ask'd
this
Knight
,
whether
he
did
not
find
an
Atrophy
in
the
Limbs
of
his
Body
that
were
affected
?
He
told
me
,
that
when
he
began
to
be
Paralytic
on
that
side
,
it
by
degrees
much
wasted
,
and
the
Paralytic
Leg
was
very
much
Extenuated
:
But
the
Arm
and
Hand
much
more
,
seeming
nothing
but
a
System
of
Bones
,
with
the
Skin
pasted
on
them
.
And
when
I
further
ask'd
,
if
upon
the
removal
of
the
Bony
Splinter
above-mentioned
,
the
Atrophy
of
the
Parts
did
not
also
begin
to
lessen
;
he
answered
affirmatively
,
and
told
me
,
that
in
no
very
long
time
his
Leg
and
Arm
recover'd
their
wonted
Dimensions
;
and
in
effect
I
(
some
days
since
)
saw
the
restor'd
Arm
well
plump'd
up
with
musculous
Flesh
,
tho
the
Weather
were
exceeding
Cold.
And
he
further
told
me
,
that
he
found
no
difference
between
the
Limbs
that
had
been
Paralytic
,
and
the
others
,
except
that
they
would
grow
sooner
and
more
sensibly
cold
in
Sharp
or
Frosty
Weather
.
This
Gentleman
answer'd
me
,
to
add
that
upon
the
by
,
that
,
during
the
course
of
his
Cure
,
he
was
very
frequently
(
almost
every
second
day
)
let
Blood
;
that
he
wanted
not
Appetite
to
his
Meat
;
that
for
the
most
part
he
slept
indifferent
well
;
and
,
which
was
more
remarkable
,
upon
so
great
a
Hurt
of
the
Head
he
did
not
Vomit
,
not
had
afterwards
any
Convulsions
.
II.
Among
other
Instances
I
have
met
with
,
that
shew
the
great
Power
which
sudden
Passions
of
the
mind
may
have
upon
the
Body
,
I
remember
that
a
Woman
of
middle
Age
,
complain'd
sadly
to
me
of
the
mischief
,
a
Fright
had
done
her
;
for
she
related
to
me
,
that
having
taken
along
with
her
to
a
Meadow
by
a
River-side
,
a
little
Boy
that
she
was
dotingly
fond
of
,
whilst
she
was
busie
about
the
work
she
came
thither
for
,
the
Child
stole
away
from
her
,
and
went
along
the
Bank
,
to
delight
himself
with
the
View
of
the
Stream
;
but
being
heedless
,
it
seems
by
Circumstances
,
that
he
set
his
Foot
upon
some
piece
of
Ground
that
the
Water
had
made
hollow
;
upon
which
account
,
the
Earth
failing
under
the
weight
of
the
Boy
's
body
pressing
it
,
that
,
and
he
fell
together
into
the
River
:
In
the
mean
time
the
poor
Mother
casually
missing
her
Child
,
hastily
cast
her
Eyes
towards
the
brink
of
the
River
,
and
not
being
able
to
see
him
there
,
she
presently
concluded
him
to
be
Drown'd
,
and
was
struck
with
so
much
horrour
upon
the
sudden
accident
that
tore
from
her
a
favorite
Son
,
that
among
other
mischiefs
,
she
fell
into
a
Dead
Palsy
of
her
right
Arm
and
Hand
,
which
continu'd
with
her
in
spight
of
what
she
had
done
to
remove
it
,
till
the
time
she
complain'd
of
it
to
me
,
who
had
not
opportunity
to
know
what
became
of
her
afterwards
.
III.
On
the
other
side
,
to
show
that
Violent
Passions
,
and
even
Frights
may
sometimes
,
tho
very
seldom
,
do
good
,
as
well
as
harm
;
I
shall
here
add
a
Relation
that
was
circumstantially
made
me
by
the
learned
Person
himself
,
to
whom
the
Accident
happen'd
.
I
familiarly
knew
a
Gentleman
that
liv'd
to
be
an
Eminent
Virtuoso
,
and
to
oblige
many
by
his
useful
Writings
,
who
when
he
was
a
Youth
,
fell
into
a
violent
and
obstinate
Sciatica
,
which
continu'd
with
him
so
long
,
that
it
left
him
little
hope
of
Recovery
;
but
the
Devotion
of
this
Young
man's
Friends
invited
them
to
make
him
be
carry'd
,
since
he
could
not
go
,
to
Church
upon
Sundays
;
and
there
it
happen'd
,
that
the
Town
being
a
Frontier
Garrison
,
the
Guards
were
so
negligent
,
that
there
was
occasion
given
to
a
very
hot
Alarum
,
that
the
Enemy
was
got
into
the
Town
,
and
was
advancing
towards
the
Church
to
Massacre
all
that
were
in
it
.
This
so
amaz'd
and
terrifi'd
the
People
,
that
in
very
great
and
disorderly
hast
,
they
all
ran
out
of
the
Church
,
and
left
my
Relator
in
his
Pew
upon
a
Seat
that
they
plac'd
him
,
and
whence
he
could
not
remove
without
help
:
But
he
being
no
less
frighted
than
the
rest
,
as
they
forgot
him
,
he
forgot
his
Disease
,
and
made
a
shift
to
hamper
off
the
Pew
,
and
follow
those
that
fled
;
but
it
quickly
appearing
,
that
the
Alarum
had
been
a
false
one
,
his
Friends
began
to
think
in
what
a
condition
they
had
left
him
,
and
hasten'd
back
to
help
him
out
of
the
Pew
,
which
whilst
they
were
going
to
do
,
they
,
to
their
great
surprise
found
him
in
the
way
upon
his
feet
,
and
walking
as
freely
as
other
Men.
And
when
he
told
me
this
Story
,
he
was
above
forty
years
Elder
than
when
he
was
thus
strangely
rescu'd
,
and
in
all
that
time
,
never
had
one
Fit
of
the
Sciatica
.
ADVERTISEMENT
.
'T
is
easy
to
be
observ'd
,
that
of
the
two
kinds
into
which
Chymists
may
be
conveniently
enough
sorted
;
the
Number
is
greater
of
those
that
are
not
Profest
Physicians
,
than
of
those
that
are
:
And
yet
several
of
the
former
sort
are
led
by
their
more
free
Curiosity
,
or
their
particular
Designes
,
to
allow
a
large
scope
to
their
Tryals
;
and
so
in
their
Experiments
upon
various
Bodies
,
to
operate
upon
some
of
those
that
may
be
reduc'd
(
either
directly
,
or
by
sit
applications
)
to
the
Materia
Medica
,
and
afford
uncommon
Preparations
:
Which
tho
design'd
for
other
purposes
,
may
by
a
skilful
Physician
,
with
a
light
Variation
,
and
perhaps
without
any
,
be
made
to
afford
good
Medicines
:
And
therefore
I
think
it
may
be
no
inconsiderable
service
to
the
Publick
,
if
by
the
leave
and
assistance
of
the
Authors
,
divers
Chymical
Experiments
that
are
not
directly
useful
to
their
immediate
purpose
,
were
not
,
(
as
is
usual
)
thrown
away
,
but
put
into
the
hands
of
some
Sagacious
Physician
.
Upon
these
grounds
,
I
thought
my self
little
less
than
oblig'd
,
to
set
apart
now
and
then
an
Experiment
that
contain'd
some
uncommon
Preparation
,
which
seem'd
applicable
to
Medicine
;
and
to
try
whether
,
tho
,
being
in
the
Country
or
in
some
other
inconvenient
Circumstances
,
I
had
not
opportunity
to
prove
it
my self
,
the
notice
given
of
it
,
might
not
happen
to
be
of
use
to
a
skilful
Physician
.
I
shall
therefore
partly
in
this
Chapter
,
and
partly
(
if
God
permit
)
in
some
following
Chapters
and
other
Writings
,
tender
to
such
a
one
,
some
few
of
the
Experiments
of
this
sort
,
that
I
lately
lighted
on
among
my
Adversaria
,
and
that
seem'd
not
uncapable
to
be
made
of
some
service
to
the
Physician
's
Art.
Of
the
good
and
bad
effects
of
these
,
I
shall
be
glad
to
be
inform'd
,
that
they
may
be
either
us'd
more
freely
and
improv'd
,
or
corrected
and
quite
laid
aside
;
and
I
desire
that
this
short
Preamble
may
serve
for
a
general
one
to
all
the
other
design'd
Chymical
Medicins
that
I
shall
venture
to
propose
hereafter
.
A
Design'd
Chymical
Medicine
.
IV.
I
know
how
much
Men
are
prejudic'd
in
some
whole
Countries
,
against
Vomitive
Medicines
:
and
I
remember
we
have
had
here
in
London
a
Physician
of
great
Fame
and
Practice
,
that
would
turn
over
a
Patient
to
another
Doctor
,
if
the
Case
were
such
that
the
Patient
would
needs
make
use
of
Emeticks
.
And
I
readily
acknowledg
that
they
are
edg'd
Tools
,
that
require
a
Skilful
Hand
,
to
imploy
them
without
danger
of
doing
more
harm
than
good
:
But
since
Experience
shews
that
where
the
Patient
can
bear
them
,
and
the
Disease
requires
them
,
they
act
more
speedily
and
effectually
than
other
evacuating
Medicines
:
And
since
the
generality
of
our
Physicians
,
not
excepting
some
that
are
justly
reputed
very
Cautious
,
do
not
scruple
frequently
to
make
use
of
the
Infusion
of
Crocus
Metallorum
,
tho
it
do
not
seldom
prove
a
Remedy
harsh
enough
;
I
shall
venture
in
compliance
with
some
ingenious
Physicians
,
and
others
that
have
often
made
use
of
a
Medicine
,
that
goes
under
the
name
of
my
Emetick
Drops
,
to
communicate
the
Preparation
of
them
;
without
pressing
the
use
any
otherwise
than
by
confessing
that
divers
Practitioners
of
Physick
of
differing
Sentiments
,
agree
in
assuring
me
,
that
they
have
not
yet
found
any
Emetick
to
work
so
effectually
,
nor
with
more
ease
and
safety
,
than
this
Liquor
;
which
some
of
them
prefer
by
much
to
other
Antimonial
Vomits
;
and
especially
to
the
Infusion
of
Crocus
Metallorum
.
In
preparing
my
Vomitive
Liquor
,
I
have
not
always
imploy'd
the
same
proportion
of
the
Ingredients
't
is
made
of
,
nor
did
I
find
it
necessary
to
be
nice
in
that
matter
.
But
the
proportion
I
somewhat
prefer
,
is
to
take
two
Parts
of
well
chosen
and
finely
powder'd
Antimony
,
and
on
these
to
pour
three
Parts
of
the
Menstruum
,
viz.
Sp.
;
which
ought
to
be
rather
moderately
strong
,
than
too
much
rectified
.
These
are
to
be
distill'd
together
in
a
Glass
Retort
fitted
with
a
Receiver
not
very
small
,
till
there
come
over
a
great
part
of
the
Menstruum
,
which
will
usually
towards
the
close
be
accompany'd
with
Red
Flores
,
(
some
times
copious
enough
)
which
being
separated
by
filtration
through
Cap-paper
,
the
clear
transmitted
Liquor
is
to
be
put
into
a
Glass
,
not
newly
wash'd
,
but
dry
on
the
inside
,
and
to
be
kept
close
stopt
from
all
Intercourse
with
the
Air.
The
Dose
is
usually
to
a
Man
or
Woman
,
especially
at
the
first
time
,
from
4
or
5
,
to
7
or
8
Drops
:
But
I
know
an
Ingenious
Physician
that
gives
to
10
or
12
,
or
a
few
more
Drops
,
if
the
Case
be
urgent
;
and
by
that
means
he
told
me
,
that
with
a
small
Button-Bottle
,
that
I
chanc'd
to
give
him
a
little
before
,
he
did
in
2
or
3
hours
rescue
three
Gentlemen
,
that
by
a
bad
Surfet
with
very
bad
Circumstances
,
were
suddenly
brought
into
great
danger
of
speedy
Death
,
and
carry'd
to
a
neighbouring
Tavern
,
as
being
too
ill
to
be
carry'd
home
.
The
Vehicle
may
be
a
Spoonful
or
two
of
Wine
,
or
Black-Cherry
Water
,
or
(
which
divers
Persons
chuse
rather
)
of
Spring-Water
,
Drinking
up
the
Liquor
immediately
after
,
because
there
will
some
Precipitation
be
made
;
and
then
taking
2
or
3
Spoonfuls
of
the
same
Vehicle
to
wash
it
down
.
It
usually
begins
to
work
early
,
and
does
it
without
causing
near
so
much
straining
as
vulgar
Emeticks
,
and
yet
makes
Copious
Evacuations
;
and
sometimes
so
Eradicative
of
the
Morbifick
matter
,
that
the
Physician
lately
mention'd
,
who
Cur'd
the
three
Gentlemen
,
having
a
poor
Patient
who
had
Conflicted
for
above
three
Years
with
an
Ague
in
several
Types
,
but
most
commonly
Quartanary
,
perfectly
Cur'd
him
with
two
Doses
of
these
Drops
,
and
a
Julap
made
chiefly
of
the
Distill'd
Water
of
a
common
Vitriolick
Mineral
.
And
this
Cure
seem'd
therefore
to
me
,
when
the
Physician
gave
me
an
account
of
the
Drops
he
had
from
me
,
the
more
considerable
,
because
the
Patient
had
made
use
of
great
Variety
of
Remedies
;
and
particularly
he
devour'd
great
store
of
the
Jesuits
Bark
,
or
Cortex
Peruvianus
,
(
perhaps
because
it
was
not
well
Condition'd
,
or
skilfulfully
Administer'd
)
which
sometimes
alter'd
the
Type
of
his
Ague
,
turning
it
to
a
single
or
a
double
Tertian
,
and
sometimes
kept
off
the
Fits
for
a
while
,
when
't
was
a
Quartane
,
but
never
Cur'd
him
quite
;
and
left
him
in
a
deplorable
estate
,
wherein
the
Emetick
Drops
found
him
.
Tho
I
sent
this
Medicine
to
several
Patients
,
in
whom
,
thanks
be
to
God
,
it
succeeded
more
than
ordinarily
well
,
yet
I
durst
not
venture
to
give
it
to
Children
,
or
to
very
young
Persons
;
but
having
gratifi'd
an
Ingenious
Surgeon
of
good
Practice
,
with
a
stock
of
it
,
the
Tryals
he
made
upon
divers
Persons
,
with
great
Success
on
other
Patients
,
imbolden'd
him
to
give
it
to
Boys
and
Girls
,
and
afterwards
even
to
several
Children
,
whereof
he
gave
me
a
good
Account
,
only
he
discreetly
took
care
to
proportion
his
Doses
to
the
Age
and
Strength
of
his
Patients
,
and
not
to
give
the
whole
Dose
at
once
,
but
divide
it
into
2
or
3
parts
,
that
if
the
first
should
work
within
half
an
hour
or
less
,
the
second
should
not
be
given
,
or
lessen'd
in
quantity
.
And
if
neither
the
second
did
work
within
about
an
hour
,
he
added
the
third
.
And
by
this
Cautious
Method
,
he
assur'd
me
that
he
had
suddenly
reliev'd
several
Children
in
bad
Cases
,
and
found
not
any
mischief
or
danger
ensue
upon
the
administration
of
it
.
But
Children
being
tender
Creatures
,
this
is
to
be
further
and
cautiously
try'd
.
POSTSCRIPT
.
Having
had
occasion
to
keep
by
me
some
Vials
furnish'd
with
the
Emetick
Drops
,
longer
than
I
thought
I
should
need
to
do
so
:
I
observ'd
that
in
tract
of
time
,
there
,
began
to
subside
a
white
Powder
,
wherein
a
good
part
of
the
Emetick
faculty
of
the
Medicine
may
be
suppos'd
to
reside
;
therefore
't
will
be
best
either
to
imploy
the
Liquor
in
no
long
time
after
't
is
made
,
or
if
one
has
not
leisure
or
conveniency
to
do
so
,
to
shake
the
Vial
well
(
that
the
Powder
may
be
rais'd
and
we
'l
dispers'd
through
it
)
just
before
it
be
administer'd
.
A
Design'd
Chymical
Medicine
.
There
are
many
that
having
a
high
Esteem
for
Chalybeate
Waters
,
such
as
those
of
the
Spaw
and
Tunbridg
,
which
yet
in
many
places
are
not
to
be
had
at
all
,
and
in
few
to
be
had
well
condition'd
,
are
very
Solicitous
to
find
Succedaneums
to
them
.
To
gratify
some
Ingenious
Persons
of
this
sort
(
and
improve
a
casual
hint
taken
from
a
Book
of
a
somewhat
like
Preparation
propo●●ded
for
another
purpose
)
I
remember
,
I
Employ'd
a
way
of
Aemulating
such
Waters
that
answer'd
the
outward
Phaenomena
of
Colour
and
Taste
,
and
seem
by
the
paucity
and
harmlesness
of
their
Ingredients
like
to
be
innocent
Medicines
;
I
had
no
opportunity
to
make
tryal
of
them
in
Physick
,
but
finding
that
some
Inquisitive
Cultivaters
of
that
Art
,
valu'd
them
more
than
I
did
,
I
committed
the
Experiment
to
Paper
,
and
now
suffer
it
to
come
abroad
,
that
it
may
be
try'd
by
Physicians
,
and
either
rejected
or
made
use
of
,
as
success
shall
direct
.
The
Experiment
as
I
made
it
,
was
this
.
We
took
one
part
of
very
good
Fylings
of
♂
;
and
ten
parts
of
good
Distill'd
Vinegar
.
These
we
put
into
a
Bolt-head
,
and
shop'd
it
well
,
and
then
in
a
mild
heat
of
Sand
we
digested
them
for
about
two
days
,
and
afterwards
augmented
the
Heat
till
the
Liquor
appear'd
of
a
deep
Orange
Colour
,
but
yet
transparent
.
Part
of
this
Tincture
we
pour'd
off
,
and
kept
well
stop'd
by
its
self
,
because
tho
by
a
longer
digestion
and
a
greater
heat
,
we
obtain'd
a
very
red
Tincture
,
yet
we
did
not
so
much
value
it
,
because
when
the
Menstruum
is
over
Impregnated
,
the
Metal
usually
precipitates
,
and
the
fine
Colour
is
destroy'd
.
Of
the
first
reserv'd
Tincture
,
we
let
fall
4
Drops
into
℥
VIIIss
,
(
8
℥
ss
)
of
clear
common
Water
,
whose
Colour
was
not
thereby
sensibly
alter'd
;
and
the
Vial
containing
this
Mixture
being
well
shaken
,
that
the
Tincture
might
diffuse
it self
the
more
thorowly
,
we
kept
it
carefully
stop'd
for
use
,
as
being
our
Factitious
or
Counterfeit
Spaw
.
A
Spoonful
or
somewhat
more
of
this
,
with
about
a
quarter
of
a
Grain
,
or
less
,
of
good
fresh
Powder
of
Gauls
,
would
presently
afford
a
Purplish
Tincture
,
like
that
of
Natural
Springs
impregnated
with
Mars
,
such
as
the
Water
of
the
German
Spaw
,
or
of
Tunbridg
in
Kent
;
if
ones
Mouth
were
Wash'd
with
it
,
't
was
found
to
have
like
those
Natural
Chalybeat
Waters
,
a
manifestly
faeruginous
tast
.
N.
B.
These
Artificial
Acidulae
are
to
be
Administer'd
in
no
long
time
after
they
are
made
;
for
Experience
has
inform'd
me
,
that
(
at
least
sometimes
)
when
I
kept
them
too
long
,
within
not
many
days
after
they
were
made
,
they
would
lose
much
,
if
not
most
of
their
Briskness
and
Force
.
And
I
sometimes
perceive
that
there
would
subside
to
the
bottom
a
certain
red
or
reddish
Substance
,
as
it
were
Oker
,
which
was
a
token
of
the
Degeneracy
of
the
Liquor
;
and
some
such
thing
I
have
observ'd
in
some
Natural
Chalybeat
Waters
too
long
or
negligently
kept
.
But
our
Acidulae
may
be
so
soon
and
so
cheaply
made
freshly
,
that
the
above
mention'd
Inconveniency
will
scarce
to
the
Skilful
seem
considerable
.
The
II.
PENTADE
.
EXPERIMENT
II.
Because
it
may
be
on
some
occasions
of
use
to
a
Physician
,
to
have
ways
of
Discovering
the
Adulterateness
of
Bezoar
Stone
,
which
for
its
dearness
is
often
Counterfeited
,
and
not
easily
discern'd
to
be
so
by
the
common
ways
of
Exploring
,
which
use
to
be
uncertain
enough
;
it
may
not
be
amiss
to
Communicate
a
new
way
of
Tryal
,
which
't
is
unlike
that
Impostors
have
dream'd
of
,
or
if
they
should
know
it
,
can
easily
elude
.
And
this
I
am
the
rather
willing
to
do
,
because
the
propos'd
way
may
afford
an
useful
hint
to
the
Sagacious
Inquirers
into
the
Nature
,
and
some
of
the
Preparations
that
may
be
made
,
of
the
Bezoar
Stone
;
which
tho
it
be
a
Drug
too
much
Magnify'd
by
some
Physicians
,
especially
those
that
depend
on
it
,
against
the
true
Plague
;
yet
a
Physician
of
great
Experience
,
and
rather
a
severe
,
than
any
ways
a
partial
Judg
of
it
,
allows
it
to
be
an
excellent
Remedy
even
in
Malignant
and
ill-condition'd
Fevers
,
at
least
if
they
be
not
truly
Pestilential
.
One
of
the
ways
I
imploy'd
,
in
treating
the
Bezoar
Stone
,
may
be
easily
gather'd
from
the
ensuing
Transcript
of
one
of
my
register'd
Experiments
.
We
took
40
or
50
Grains
of
choice
Oriental
Bezoar
Stone
reduc'd
to
Powder
,
and
in
a
Bolt-glass
pour'd
on
it
.
ʒVI
of
good
Spirit
of
Niter
,
as
well
to
try
whether
this
Liquor
would
prove
a
fit
Menstruum
for
:
this
Stone
,
as
we
found
it
to
be
for
the
Calculus
Humanus
,
as
for
other
purposes
.
And
tho
this
Affusion
being
purposely
made
in
the
Cold
,
the
Liquor
did
not
seem
at
first
to
work
on
the
Stone
;
yet
soon
after
it
fell
violently
upon
it
,
and
dissolv'd
the
greater
part
of
it
,
not
without
noise
and
a
Notable
Effervescence
.
The
Solution
was
almost
Red
,
and
the
Glass
being
put
in
a
digestive
Furnace
,
the
whole
Powder
was
not
only
dissolv'd
,
but
being
left
a
night
or
two
in
a
North
Window
,
it
afforded
divers
Saline
Concretions
,
much
larger
than
could
well
have
been
expected
from
so
small
a
quantity
of
matter
;
and
these
Crystals
,
whilst
they
were
yet
in
the
Glass
,
might
easily
be
taken
for
Crystals
of
Salt-peter
,
so
great
was
their
resemblance
.
To
manifest
how
much
the
faculties
of
loosening
and
binding
,
are
relative
things
,
and
depend
upon
the
Disposition
of
the
Body
to
be
wrought
upon
,
and
so
upon
the
Congruity
betwixt
the
Agent
,
and
the
Patient
,
I
know
an
Ingenious
Gentlewoman
,
on
whom
Cinnamon
,
which
generally
is
a
considerable
Astringent
and
Stomachick
Medicine
,
has
a
quite
contrary
Operation
,
and
that
in
a
strange
degree
,
insomuch
that
having
found
by
2
or
3
accidental
Tryals
,
that
a
very
little
Cinnamon
seem'd
to
disorder
her
Stomach
and
prove
Laxative
,
she
resolv'd
once
to
satisfy
her self
,
whether
those
Discomposures
came
by
Chance
,
or
no
;
and
having
strew'd
some
powder'd
Cinnamon
upon
a
Tost
,
she
was
going
to
put
into
her
Ale
,
upon
eating
the
Tost
she
was
copiously
Purg'd
for
two
days
together
,
and
that
with
such
violence
,
that
it
put
her
into
Convulsion
Fits
,
and
a
kind
of
Spasmus
Cynicus
,
which
she
could
never
be
perfectly
freed
from
,
being
troubled
with
from
time
to
time
for
.
3
Years
,
as
was
the
other
day
averr'd
to
me
,
and
divers
others
that
know
her
,
by
her
Husband
who
is
himself
a
Learned
Man
and
a
profest
Physician
.
A
prosperous
Physician
,
to
whom
I
had
recommended
some
things
relating
to
his
Profession
whilst
he
practis'd
it
with
Success
in
the
Capital
City
of
Ireland
,
where
at
that
time
there
rag'd
a
new
and
violent
Fever
,
whereof
Multitudes
Dy'd
,
very
few
Patients
Recovering
of
it
,
happily
lighted
on
a
Method
that
prov'd
,
through
God's
Blessing
,
very
Prosperous
.
This
Doctor
returning
into
Ireland
sometimes
before
,
having
been
desir'd
by
me
to
send
me
an
account
of
some
things
relating
to
Natural
Philosophy
and
Physick
that
I
nam'd
to
him
,
wrought
to
me
in
answer
to
some
of
my
Enquiries
a
Letter
,
out
of
which
I
thought
fit
to
make
this
Extract
,
because
I
know
not
but
that
it
may
give
good
hints
towards
the
Cure
of
some
other
ill-condition'd
Fevers
.
Dublin
,
Feb.
27.
1682.
I
Have
imployed
Ens
Veneris
for
the
removal
of
a
Subsultus
Tendinum
,
in
a
Person
dangerously
Sick
of
a
Febris
Petechialis
(
a
Discase
fatal
to
very
many
here
for
these
12
or
14
Months
)
and
found
that
it
answer'd
my
hopes
in
3
or
4
Hours
after
I
gave
it
in
Conserve
of
Borrage
Flowers
.
I
have
,
since
I
came
from
England
,
thought
of
a
Method
of
Curing
the
aforesaid
Fever
,
which
has
not
once
fail'd
me
,
tho
I
made
of
it
for
16
or
18
several
Persons
,
many
of
which
would
certainly
Dye
,
if
treated
after
the
usual
manner
in
this
case
.
If
I
should
tell
you
from
what
Observations
and
Reasonings
I
came
to
alter
the
Method
of
Cure
,
I
should
be
very
tedious
.
I
shall
therefore
at
present
wave
that
,
and
proceed
to
tell
you
,
That
when
first
I
come
to
any
Sick
of
this
Disease
,
if
I
find
Costive
(
as
generally
they
are
)
I
prescribe
a
Glister
,
and
after
that
an
Episplastick
Plaister
6
or
7
Inches
broad
,
and
8
or
9
Inches
Long
,
to
be
apply'd
between
the
Shoulders
;
the
Blister
being
well
rais'd
,
I
order
to
be
Dress'd
carefully
,
stripping
off
the
Cuticula
.
This
continues
running
till
the
Fever
is
gone
off
;
which
is
most
commonly
in
10
or
12
days
,
if
they
have
not
kept
up
too
long
with
it
,
and
then
we
cannot
certainly
foretel
the
time
of
the
Fever's
declination
;
for
the
whole
time
till
the
going
off
of
the
Fever
,
I
Prescribe
Emulsions
of
Aq.
Aronis
,
Card.
Bened.
Citrij
totius
&
Syr.
Granatorum
cum
Aceto
;
I
allow
of
Orange
and
Butter-milk
Possets
,
of
roasted
Apples
,
Flummery
,
or
any
other
light
and
cooling
thing
they
call
for
.
By
this
Method
I
keep
the
Genus
Nervosum
and
Brain
from
being
Affected
,
and
consequently
secure
my
Patients
;
for
as
many
as
I
have
ever
known
of
them
Dye
,
that
were
troubled
with
this
Disease
,
Dy'd
of
a
disorder
of
those
Parts
.
I
do
not
defer
the
Blistering
Plaisters
,
as
others
do
,
till
I
find
my
Patients
Delirous
,
Lethargick
,
Convulsive
,
or
otherwise
affected
in
their
Heads
and
Nerves
,
finding
by
the
Experience
of
others
that
then
they
most
commonly
prove
ineffectual
,
because
of
some
Morbifick
Matters
being
too
deeply
lodg'd
in
these
parts
.
I
do
not
prescribe
,
except
upon
some
extraordinary
occasions
,
any
Volatile
Salts
or
Spirits
,
or
any
thing
too
apt
to
quicken
the
already
over-brisk
Circulation
of
the
Blood
,
having
Experimentally
Learn'd
that
by
these
often
us'd
,
the
Brain
and
Nerves
become
sooner
than
ordinary
affected
,
for
as
much
as
they
deeply
insinuate
themselves
,
and
drive
with
them
some
Morbifick
Matter
into
the
Brain
and
Nerves
.
I
find
Bleeding
bad
,
being
generally
Fatal
.
If
I
doubt
of
the
Recovery
of
any
of
my
Patients
Sick
of
this
Disease
,
't
is
only
when
I
find
that
they
have
been
let
Blood
,
or
lain
for
8
or
9
days
before
I
come
to
them
;
tho
I
have
brought
through
it
,
even
Persons
in
those
Circumstances
.
A
Design'd
Chymical
Medicine
.
I
shall
not
,
because
I
need
not
,
Discourse
of
the
Medicinal
Vertues
of
Steel
in
a
City
where
many
Learned
Physicians
do
so
much
esteem
and
imploy
Chalybeate
Medicines
as
they
do
in
London
,
and
therefore
I
shall
content
my self
at
this
time
to
offer
you
a
couple
of
Preparations
of
Steel
that
possibly
you
have
not
met
with
or
thought
of
.
1.
Considering
that
most
of
the
ways
made
use
of
by
Chymists
to
prepare
Steel
,
tend
by
dividing
it
into
very
Minute
parts
,
to
make
it
more
lyable
to
be
wrought
on
by
the
Liquors
of
the
Stomach
,
and
some
other
parts
of
the
Body
,
and
that
the
generality
of
these
Chalybeate
Preparations
are
wont
to
be
made
only
with
Acids
,
whether
manifest
,
as
Oyl
of
Vitriol
,
Spirit
of
Vinegar
,
&c.
or
Occult
,
as
Brimstone
,
which
tho
insipid
in
its
Natural
State
,
when
it
comes
to
be
Melted
,
discloses
its
hidden
Salt
,
and
works
on
♂
by
a
sharp
Acidity
;
considering
this
,
I
say
,
and
that
Men
have
confin'd
themselves
to
Acids
in
working
on
Steel
,
because
they
suppos'd
Instruments
of
that
kind
were
necessary
to
dissolve
that
Metal
,
I
thought
it
might
do
you
,
and
some
Ingenious
Men
of
your
Profession
,
some
little
Service
,
if
I
propos'd
to
you
a
way
of
Opening
the
Body
of
Steel
,
that
tho
I
gave
a
hint
of
it
divers
Years
ago
,
is
,
for
ought
I
know
,
yet
unpractis'd
.
We
took
then
several
Ounces
of
highly
rectify'd
Spirit
of
fermented
(
or
putrify'd
)
Urine
made
per
se
,
and
consequently
without
Quick-lime
,
and
pour'd
it
upon
as
much
Filings
of
Steel
freshly
made
,
to
be
sure
,
not
to
have
any
Rusty
ones
,
as
we
guest
,
would
at
least
suffice
to
satiate
it
fully
.
These
we
put
in
a
moderately
warm
place
,
where
the
Menstruum
wrought
on
the
Metal
for
divers
hour
together
,
and
Dissolv'd
a
considerable
part
of
it
.
This
Solution
we
set
to
filter
,
and
found
it
of
a
Taste
considerably
strong
,
but
very
different
from
any
of
the
Chalybeat
Preparations
,
we
remembered
,
that
were
seen
made
with
Acids
.
The
Liquor
being
kept
in
a
stopt
Viol
for
some
days
near
a
Window
,
did
in
the
Cold
let
fall
by
degrees
a
considerable
quantity
of
Powder
of
a
deep
Green
Colour
,
which
surpriz'd
some
Virtuosi
,
to
whom
I
shew'd
it
,
especially
because
the
Liquor
it self
was
not
of
that
Colour
;
tho
at
least
the
superficial
part
of
what
remain'd
(
in
plenty
)
in
the
Filter
,
did
also
in
the
Air
acquire
a
Green
Colour
.
But
tho
our
Solution
pour'd
off
from
the
subsided
Powder
,
was
warily
and
slowly
evaporated
,
yet
we
did
not
find
it
would
well
Crystallize
What
use
may
be
made
in
Physick
,
of
Preparations
of
this
kind
,
I
leave
to
you
,
whose
Profession
as
well
as
Curiosity
will
ingage
you
to
consider
.
I
do
not
presume
to
tell
you
,
but
in
general
it
seems
that
Steel
Prepar'd
with
Volatile
Spirits
of
the
Animal
Kingdom
that
are
wont
to
be
friendly
to
Nature
,
and
are
very
contrary
to
Acids
,
may
have
new
qualities
very
differing
from
those
of
Steel
Prepar'd
with
Acids
,
and
may
be
more
safe
in
some
Cases
and
to
some
Patients
.
With
what
other
Volatile
Menstruums
I
have
dissolv'd
Mars
,
and
what
Phaenomena
some
Tryals
I
made
with
that
Metal
open'd
by
such
Salts
,
you
may
command
an
Account
of
,
if
you
think
it
worth
desiring
.
A
Design'd
Chymical
Medicine
.
Another
Experiment
that
I
made
on
Steel
,
was
design'd
to
make
as
much
of
it
Volatile
,
as
I
could
with
a
Menstruum
,
not
so
Corrosive
or
Dangerous
to
the
Body
as
Oyl
of
Vitriol
,
or
Spirit
of
Niter
,
which
,
especially
the
former
,
are
imploy'd
by
divers
Chymists
to
make
Chalybeat
Preparations
that
yet
are
not
Volatile
.
The
Medicinal
Scope
I
had
in
my
Eye
,
for
I
had
also
a
Chymical
one
(
that
belongs
not
to
this
place
)
was
to
try
if
I
could
by
it
obtain
any
Sulphur
of
Mars
,
which
the
Commendations
that
some
,
even
of
those
Chymists
,
whether
Adepti
or
not
,
whose
Authority
I
most
regard
,
represent
as
an
excellent
Medicine
,
especially
in
Cases
that
require
Anodynes
,
and
which
the
others
,
or
the
same
speak
of
as
a
graduatory
Substance
(
as
to
some
Metals
)
or
both
:
If
you
should
ask
me
,
why
I
did
not
make
use
of
the
common
Vitriolum
Martis
,
which
is
easy
to
be
had
in
the
Shops
of
Chymists
?
I
answer
,
That
my
design
being
to
try
whether
or
no
I
could
obtain
a
Sulphur
,
that
might
properly
enough
(
tho
not
in
the
utmost
rigor
)
we
call
Sulphur
of
Mars
,
that
which
is
made
the
common
way
,
would
not
answer
my
end
,
since
tho
I
should
be
able
from
this
Vitriol
to
obtain
a
real
Sulphur
;
yet
I
should
not
think
it
safe
thence
to
conclude
,
that
it
came
from
the
Metal
,
and
not
from
the
Menstruum
;
because
I
have
several
times
from
Oyl
of
Vitriol
it self
,
obtain'd
no
contemptible
proportion
of
Yellow
and
Combustible
Sulphur
.
To
which
I
add
,
that
the
acquisition
of
a
Metalline
Sulphur
,
tho
it
was
not
the
only
thing
that
I
aim'd
at
in
this
Preparation
,
for
I
presum'd
,
that
at
least
I
should
make
a
very
great
Comminution
of
the
parts
of
Steel
,
which
is
one
of
the
main
things
aim'd
at
by
the
more
Rational
Physicians
in
the
Preparations
of
that
Metal
.
Upon
these
and
the
like
grounds
,
I
pitcht
upon
good
Spirit
of
Sea-Salt
as
a
Menstruum
,
much
fitter
for
my
purpose
than
either
Oyl
of
Vitriol
or
the
Acid
part
of
Sulphur
;
and
accordingly
in
a
good
many
Ounces
of
this
Menstruum
,
we
dissolv'd
as
much
as
we
easily
could
of
choice
Filings
of
fine
Steel
,
and
having
filter'd
the
Green
Solution
,
we
very
slowly
Evaporated
it
in
a
Glass
Vessel
,
and
took
such
care
not
to
spoil
the
matter
,
that
we
had
store
of
fine
Green
Crystals
that
were
not
very
small
,
and
lookt
prettily
;
most
of
these
we
put
into
a
strong
,
but
small
Retort
,
and
by
degrees
of
Fire
,
and
a
strong
one
,
for
the
last
hours
;
we
obtain'd
divers
Ounces
of
a
Liquor
that
came
over
in
white
Fumes
,
like
Mists
driven
by
the
Wind
,
and
afforded
a
Sulphureous
Smell
:
This
Liquor
we
rectify'd
,
and
had
a
Yellow
Ponderous
Spirit
,
that
seem'd
to
be
much
more
of
Kin
to
the
Spirit
of
Sea-Salt
,
than
to
the
common
Oyl
of
Vitriol
;
especially
since
being
mixt
with
Aqua-fortis
,
it
would
,
like
Spirit
of
Salt
,
make
it
a
Menstruum
,
that
would
even
in
the
Cold
Dissolve
Gold
in
thin
Leaves
.
Which
last
words
I
add
,
because
having
put
into
a
little
of
it
already
made
Yellow
,
by
having
dissolv'd
Leaf-Gold
a
very
thin
Plate
,
but
a
pretty
deal
thicker
than
a
Leaf
of
Hammer'd
Gold
,
the
Menstruum
made
it
look
all
over
white
,
almost
like
Silver
,
which
seem'd
to
argue
,
that
this
Vitriolate
Menstruum
differ'd
from
common
Spirit
of
Salt.
And
however
,
it
may
be
worth
taking
notice
of
by
the
By
,
that
not
only
Vitriols
Blue
,
as
is
well
known
to
Chymists
,
but
that
Vitriols
of
one
of
those
Colours
,
and
whereof
the
same
Metall
is
the
basest
,
may
differ
much
from
one
another
on
the
score
of
the
various
,
and
to
us
perhaps
,
unknown
Menstruum
that
dissolves
the
Metal
,
since
our
Green
Vitriol
yeilds
Liquors
very
different
from
common
English
Vitriol
of
Mars
made
with
Oyl
of
Vitriol
,
tho
all
the
three
be
green
.
Which
may
give
us
some
Reason
of
the
uncertainty
,
whereof
Vitriol
is
mainly
imploy'd
;
and
't
is
perhaps
worth
remarking
,
that
tho
we
did
not
find
the
Vitriol
of
Mars
made
the
common
way
,
nor
even
Roman
Vitriol
to
dissolve
in
a
Vinous
Spirit
totally
Inflammable
,
yet
it
would
easily
enough
Dissolve
our
Saline
Vitriol
,
(
if
I
may
so
call
it
)
which
Solution
to
hint
that
in
Transitu
,
you
may
perhaps
see
cause
to
imploy
as
a
Medicine
in
several
Cases
,
and
particularly
as
a
Styptic
in
Wounds
,
since
its
Tast
is
very
Astringent
,
its
Parts
very
Subti
,
and
made
fit
by
the
Vinous
Spirit
,
to
prevent
Corruption
;
especially
in
those
Clymates
where
Chirurgeons
complain
.
That
they
can
scarce
prevent
the
Breeding
of
Worms
in
Wounds
,
unless
they
do
betimes
Dress
them
with
Spir.
of
Wine
or
Brandy
.
But
that
which
we
chiefly
aim'd
at
in
this
Operation
,
was
the
dry
part
,
of
what
was
Elevated
by
the
force
of
the
Fire
.
This
we
found
to
be
distinguishable
,
partly
by
its
Situation
,
and
partly
by
more
durable
Accidents
,
into
three
kinds
of
Substance
,
whereof
one
was
almost
like
a
Powder
,
which
after
the
Contact
of
Air
,
did
in
a
while
come
over
to
be
of
a
Yellow
Colour
,
almost
like
Sulphur
,
but
it
was
not
indeed
truly
Combustible
Sulphur
.
The
other
Substance
consisted
of
larger
parts
,
and
was
of
a
deep
Colour
,
between
Read
and
Brown.
But
the
third
,
which
seem'd
the
most
Copious
of
all
,
was
made
up
of
fine
parts
,
larger
than
the
former
,
of
a
deep
Reddish
Colour
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
fine
Gloss
,
like
that
of
Scales
of
Fishes
,
that
look'd
very
prettily
.
The
Caput
Mortuum
was
found
to
be
of
a
Texture
that
would
have
surpriz'd
most
Men
;
for
a
great
part
of
it
appeared
to
be
turn'd
into
a
Talky
Substance
,
consisting
of
pretty
broad
and
very
thin
Plates
,
smooth
and
glossy
,
that
lay
upon
,
and
against
one
another
,
like
those
that
make
up
Muscovia-Glass
,
when
the
pieces
are
more
thick
than
large
.
CHAP.
V.
CONTAINING
Experiments
and
Observations
Solitary
;
in
two
Pentades
.
The
I.
PENTADE
.
EXPERIMENT
I.
A
notable
Comminution
of
Gold
into
Powder
that
will
sink
in
Water
.
TO
manifest
into
how
great
a
multitude
of
Corpuscles
,
gross
and
heavy
enough
to
sink
to
the
bottom
even
of
a
Saline
Liquor
in
the
form
of
Precipitate
or
Powder
;
I
thought
of
this
Expedient
.
We
took
a
Grain
of
Refin'd
Gold
,
and
having
dissolv'd
it
without
heat
in
a
competent
quantity
of
good
Aqua
Regia
,
we
put
to
it
by
guess
about
two
Spoonfuls
of
Water
,
and
then
by
a
Thread
we
hung
in
the
mixture
a
little
bit
of
clean
metaline
Body
,
and
kept
it
suspended
in
the
Liquor
for
many
hours
(
or
some
few
days
.
)
By
this
means
we
obtain'd
,
as
we
expected
,
a
Precipitate
of
a
fine
and
deep
Colour
,
so
copious
and
so
light
,
that
it
was
a
long
time
before
it
would
all
settle
at
the
bottom
.
Then
looking
upon
the
remaining
part
of
the
Suspended
Metaline
Body
,
we
found
it
so
very
little
less
than
when
the
whole
was
first
put
in
,
that
the
diminution
of
it
was
not
judg'd
to
amount
to
near
a
Grain
.
By
which
Experiment
it
appear'd
,
that
one
Grain
of
Gold
,
not
swiming
in
parts
separately
invisible
,
as
't
is
in
Solutions
,
but
reduc'd
to
a
Manifest
Powder
,
seem'd
to
make
a
considerable
quantity
of
Precipitate
at
the
bottom
of
the
Cylindrical
Vial
,
whose
Diameter
was
about
an
Inch
,
that
we
kept
it
in
.
And
this
Glass
being
a
little
shaken
,
the
Precipitate
would
rise
like
a
Mud
,
and
be
so
thorowly
disperst
in
the
form
of
a
Powder
,
through
the
whole
Body
of
the
Liquor
,
and
a
greater
quantity
of
Water
added
to
it
,
that
at
first
it
would
seem
Opacous
,
and
after
some
time
,
it
would
appear
like
a
high
and
lovely
Purple
Solution
.
So
that
one
Grain
of
Gold
(
for
the
Colour
argu'd
that
there
was
some
of
that
Metal
,
in
every
Corpuscle
of
the
Precipitate
)
was
reduc'd
into
as
many
Grains
of
Powder
,
as
suffic'd
to
lodg
themselves
in
all
the
Particles
of
space
great
enough
to
be
visible
,
that
were
contain'd
in
a
Mass
of
sixteen
Drachms
(
is
Two
Ounces
)
of
Water
.
EXPERIMENT
II.
A
Proof
of
the
Metalline
Nature
of
Granates
.
I
have
else
where
endeavour'd
to
shew
that
divers
,
if
not
most
,
of
the
real
Vertues
of
some
Gems
,
(
for
there
are
too
many
Fabulous
ones
ascrib'd
to
them
)
may
in
probability
proceed
from
the
Particles
of
Mineral
Juices
,
that
were
admitted
whilst
the
matter
was
yet
in
Solutis
Principiis
,
or
at
least
soft
,
and
afterwards
Coagulated
with
the
Lapidescent
part
of
the
Stone
.
In
confirmation
of
this
Conjecture
,
I
shall
now
observe
,
that
having
,
upon
some
grounds
not
necessary
to
be
here
mention'd
,
suspected
that
Granates
contain
(
some
of
them
)
besides
some
other
Metalline
Substances
,
divers
Corpuscles
of
a
Martial
Nature
;
I
made
choice
of
some
small
ones
,
which
by
their
deep
and
almost
dark
Colour
,
(
to
name
no
other
Signs
)
I
guess'd
to
contain
somewhat
of
Iron
or
Steel
;
and
apply'd
to
them
a
pretty
vigorous
Loadstone
,
which
as
I
expected
,
readily
took
them
up
and
to
which
they
constantly
stuck
afterward
,
till
I
forcibly
separated
them
from
it
.
But
tho
I
try'd
this
upon
more
parcels
of
Garnets
than
one
or
two
,
yet
I
found
that
there
was
not
many
in
one
heap
,
that
would
easily
adhere
to
the
Magnet
.
EXPERIMENT
III.
A
Gentleman
Eminent
for
his
Travels
into
Eastern
Parts
,
and
for
his
Skill
in
Jewels
,
told
me
,
in
Confirmation
of
my
Opinion
about
the
Origine
of
Gems
from
Fluid
Materials
;
that
he
had
seen
a
white
Saphir
that
was
a
Table-Stone
,
as
they
speak
,
i.
e.
flat
and
not
cut
in
Facets
,
about
the
middle
of
which
there
was
a
Cavity
about
the
bigness
of
a
large
Pins
head
,
or
small
Fitch
,
that
contain'd
in
it
a
drop
of
Liquor
that
it
seems
could
not
be
Coagulated
into
Stone
with
the
rest
of
the
Matter
:
Which
Liquor
,
he
said
,
was
very
easily
discernible
by
its
shifting
places
in
the
Cavity
,
when
the
Stone
was
put
into
differing
Postures
.
And
when
I
ask't
,
whether
there
was
no
Flaw
or
Commissure
in
the
Stone
,
at
which
the
Liquor
may
be
suspected
to
have
got
in
;
he
assur'd
me
that
there
was
none
,
but
that
the
Cavity
was
every
way
encompast
by
the
solid
Stone
,
and
was
about
the
thickness
of
three
Barly
Corns
beneath
the
upper
Superficies
of
it
.
SCHOLIUM
.
It
may
be
here
fit
to
give
notice
once
for
all
,
about
the
Experiments
that
are
in
the
following
Collections
,
styl'd
Solitary
,
that
tho
most
of
them
are
deliver'd
nakedly
as
matters
of
Fact
,
without
any
such
Introduction
or
subsequent
Reflection
,
as
may
be
met
with
sometimes
expressly
,
and
oftner
by
Intimation
in
divers
others
;
yet
that
it
should
not
be
thence
infer'd
,
either
those
that
are
simply
recited
,
were
lighted
on
by
chance
,
or
made
at
all
adventures
,
or
that
they
are
of
no
use
,
because
for
the
most
part
there
is
not
any
expressly
ascribed
to
them
:
For
as
they
were
not
written
without
a
particular
occasion
and
scope
too
,
so
that
many
of
them
may
be
apply'd
to
good
purposes
,
will
,
perchance
,
be
found
here
and
there
in
our
other
Writings
.
And
to
make
it
probable
in
general
,
that
most
of
them
may
not
be
useless
,
it
may
perhaps
suffice
that
we
refer
to
what
we
have
elsewhere
purposely
Discoursed
,
about
the
uses
of
Experiments
(
even
)
to
Speculative
Philosophy
.
This
may
pass
for
a
general
Scholium
applicable
to
most
of
those
Experiments
that
are
not
attended
with
any
particular
Scholium
,
nor
any
thing
in
the
Experiment
or
Observation
its
self
,
that
may
easily
by
an
attentive
Reader
,
be
made
to
supply
the
place
of
a
Scholium
.
Which
last
clause
I
add
,
to
intimate
,
that
besides
my
hast
,
another
reason
why
so
many
Scholium's
,
as
may
be
expected
in
the
following
Collection
,
will
not
be
found
in
it
,
was
,
because
the
proemial
part
did
,
on
several
occasions
,
make
it
needless
to
subjoyn
Annotations
.
EXPERIMENT
IV.
An
Ingenious
and
Credible
Person
(
Mr.
W.
)
assur'd
me
,
that
in
one
of
the
fine
Gardens
near
Genoa
,
that
he
delighted
to
Visit
,
there
was
Pond
,
which
being
made
on
the
side
of
a
Hill
,
the
Wall
next
the
bottom
of
the
Hill
was
so
high
,
that
Men
could
not
look
over
it
into
the
Pond
,
nor
be
at
all
seen
over
it
by
the
Fishes
in
the
Pond
;
and
yet
he
has
several
times
observ'd
these
Fishes
to
be
call'd
together
by
the
Gardiner
,
as
he
pleas'd
,
with
a
certain
noise
that
the
Gardiner
made
to
assemble
them
,
tho
neither
he
nor
any
man
else
could
be
discover'd
by
the
Fishes
that
readily
obey'd
their
Summons
.
This
Relation
may
be
of
use
in
the
Controversy
,
Whether
Fishes
hear
under
Water
.
EXPERIMENT
V.
Upon
occasion
of
what
is
elsewhere
said
of
the
Production
of
vivid
apparent
Colours
by
the
breaking
of
the
beams
of
Light
,
on
Corpuscles
extraordinary
Minute
,
tho
solid
;
I
took
a
Globe
of
rock
Chrystal
,
which
being
for
a
certain
use
saw'n
in
two
by
a
Cutter
of
Gems
,
and
having
lookt
upon
the
flat
Surfaces
,
observed
to
the
Sun
Beams
,
the
little
Particles
that
(
notwithstanding
their
seeming
smoothness
in
the
Shade
)
asperated
their
Surfaces
,
did
so
retract
and
reflect
the
Light
,
as
to
make
them
exceed
the
vivid
Colours
of
the
Rain-bow
,
(
but
in
a
somewhat
interrupted
manner
)
sometimes
on
one
part
of
the
Surface
,
sometimes
on
another
,
as
the
Surface
happen'd
to
be
Scituated
in
reference
to
the
Sun.
And
having
caused
a
choice
and
fine
Grain'd
Touch-stone
to
be
likewise
saw'n
asunder
by
the
same
Artificer
,
to
make
two
of
it
;
I
observed
upon
the
new
Surfaces
made
by
this
Action
,
that
to
the
Touch
smooth
and
polish'd
,
such
vivid
Colours
as
I
lately
mention'd
to
be
these
Surface
,
were
put
in
to
various
Position
in
reference
to
the
Sun
and
the
Eye
;
so
that
notwithstanding
the
great
transparency
of
the
Chrystal
and
great
Opacity
of
the
Touch-stone
,
their
superficial
Corpuscles
were
found
fit
to
exhibit
(
in
due
positions
)
the
vivid
Colours
we
admire
in
the
Rain-bow
.
The
II
PENTADE
.
EXPERIMENT
I.
Having
for
less
than
two
hours
borrow'd
an
Oculus
Munai
,
whose
Colour
was
White
,
whose
Figure
was
Round
and
plain
Convex
,
and
whose
Diameter
,
I
judg'd
,
to
be
about
a
third
part
of
an
Inch
(
rather
less
than
more
)
I
put
it
into
a
very
shallow
Glass
Vessel
almost
fill'd
with
fair
Water
,
and
observ'd
within
one
Minute
,
or
thereabout
,
with
the
Minute-Watch
,
that
one
part
of
the
Edg
began
to
appear
somewhat
Diaphanous
,
and
the
whole
Stone
did
by
degrees
lose
its
Whiteness
,
appearing
of
a
dark
Brownish
Colour
:
When
this
Change
had
reach'd
the
whole
Surface
,
I
look'd
upon
my
Watch
,
and
found
that
the
Stone
had
lain
nine
Minutes
in
the
Water
;
out
of
which
having
taken
it
,
I
perceiv'd
the
Body
was
grown
Semi-Diaphanous
,
and
the
parts
near
the
Edg
being
less
thick
,
appear'd
to
have
lost
much
more
of
their
former
Opacity
than
the
innermost
part
had
.
Then
putting
the
Stone
presently
into
the
Water
again
,
I
let
it
lye
there
so
long
till
the
Time
efflux'd
,
since
the
begining
of
the
Experiment
amounted
just
to
half
an
Hour
.
Then
taking
it
out
,
and
wiping
it
,
I
found
it
was
grown
much
more
clear
,
since
being
held
against
the
light
,
it
look'd
almost
like
Yellow
Amber
,
but
not
quito
so
Diaphanous
.
Then
I
expos'd
it
to
the
Contact
of
the
Air
,
in
the
Scales
of
a
very
good
Ballance
(
where
it
weigh'd
four
Grains
and
about
a
quarter
)
and
left
it
for
a
quarter
,
or
near
half
an
Hour
,
in
that
Ballance
to
try
if
by
the
recess
of
any
imbib'd
aqueous
Moisture
it
would
become
lighter
;
but
want
of
Time
hindred
me
from
compleating
the
Experiment
,
but
did
not
deter
me
from
making
another
Observation
,
which
was
,
that
within
about
a
single
Minute
of
an
Hour
,
a
portion
of
the
Stone
near
one
part
of
the
Edg
,
was
manifestly
grown
Opacous
and
Whitish
,
and
within
not
many
Minutes
after
,
the
whole
Stone
began
to
appear
in
a
changing
condition
,
but
did
not
change
in
every
part
at
once
,
nor
did
the
alteration
make
an
uniform
Progression
;
but
here
one
might
successively
discover
divers
white
Arches
,
or
as
't
were
Zones
,
that
were
parallel
enough
to
one
another
,
and
being
quite
Opacous
,
intercepted
between
them
other
little
Zones
,
which
being
yet
Semi-opacous
,
appear'd
of
a
Brown
Colour
,
and
concurr'd
to
make
the
Stone
look
like
a
very
pretty
Agate
,
wherein
the
Whiteness
made
a
continued
Progress
as
long
as
the
Time
permitted
me
to
observe
it
:
And
the
Possessor
assur'd
me
,
that
within
an
Hour
or
or
two
it
would
be
all
of
a
Cream
White
(
as
he
express'd
himself
)
which
I
thought
the
more
Credible
,
because
I
saw
one
part
of
it
,
that
was
pretty
broad
,
to
have
obtain'd
already
a
Whiteness
,
little
,
if
at
all
inferiour
to
that
of
Ivory
.
EXPERIMENT
II.
Remarkable
Observations
about
Hurricanes
.
The
late
Governour
of
the
Bermudas
Islands
,
(
very
much
subject
to
Hurricanes
)
in
Answer
to
my
Questions
,
about
the
Presages
of
those
hideous
Tempests
,
inform'd
me
,
that
these
were
of
the
principal
Forerunners
.
First
,
That
the
Sea
would
manifestly
swell
at
some
distance
from
the
Shores
,
insomuch
,
that
the
Fishermen
would
divers
times
make
to
Land
,
and
warn
the
Inhabitants
,
upon
the
confidence
of
that
Presage
,
to
provide
against
that
dismal
Storm
,
tho
the
Sea
were
then
smooth
enough
.
Secondly
,
That
the
Sea
would
beat
with
great
Noise
against
the
Shore
,
especially
the
Rocks
,
tho
there
appear'd
no
manifest
Cause
,
as
upon
the
account
of
the
Wind
or
Tide
,
why
it
should
do
so
.
And
this
Sign
would
sometimes
not
appear
till
many
Hours
,
or
perhaps
a
full
Day
after
that
foremention'd
.
And
sometimes
't
was
observ'd
,
that
the
Sea
would
now
and
then
suddenly
Invade
the
Shore
,
and
gain
further
upon
it
than
could
be
accounted
for
by
the
Wind
or
Tide
,
and
then
quickly
Ebb
away
beyond
the
usual
Low
water-Mark
,
and
after
return
again
with
more
fury
,
and
fall
back
further
than
before
.
Thirdly
,
That
sometimes
there
would
be
perceiv'd
an
ungrateful
Smell
in
the
Air
,
before
the
Hurricane
began
to
Blow
.
And
Fourthly
and
Lastly
,
My
Relator
affirm'd
to
me
,
both
he
and
others
had
seen
many
Bundles
,
as
it
were
of
long
Streaks
of
differing
Colours
,
some
Whitish
,
some
Reddish
,
and
some
Blewish
,
or
Greenish
,
which
by
reason
of
their
Figure
are
usually
call'd
in
those
parts
Horse-Tails
:
And
these
were
seen
in
parts
of
the
Sky
,
where
the
Air
was
Troubled
indeed
,
but
yet
no
form'd
Clouds
did
appear
to
the
Eye
.
EXPERIMENT
.
III.
A
Monstrous
Pearl
.
Yesterday
a
curious
Person
came
to
shew
me
a
Monstrous
Pearl
,
if
I
may
so
call
it
,
because
it
was
very
irregularly
shap'd
,
and
of
an
Enormous
bigness
.
For
tho
it
were
so
artificially
set
in
Gold
,
that
by
the
help
of
a
little
of
that
Metal
fitly
plac'd
here
and
there
,
the
whole
Jewel
represented
a
Lion
;
yet
I
made
shift
to
Measure
it
exactly
enough
with
a
Pair
of
Calapar
Compasses
,
(
as
they
call
those
whose
Legs
are
made
Arch-wise
)
and
found
the
Length
to
be
just
an
Inch
and
an
Half
,
and
the
greatest
Breadth
(
where
yet
it
was
of
a
proportionate
Thickness
)
to
be
2
/
10
or
4
/
5
of
an
Inch.
The
Colour
was
Orient
enough
,
all
but
one
dark
Spot
,
which
by
its
size
,
figure
,
and
situation
,
I
guess'd
to
be
the
remains
of
that
Part
(
whether
like
an
Umbilical
Cord
or
no
)
whereby
it
was
fasten'd
to
the
Naker
or
Shell
of
the
Fish
that
produc'd
it
.
EXPERIMENT
IV.
An
odd
Observation
about
the
Influence
of
the
Moon
.
I
know
an
Intelligent
Person
,
that
having
by
a
very
dangerous
Fall
,
so
broken
his
Head
,
that
divers
large
Pieces
of
his
Skull
were
taken
out
,
as
I
could
easily
perceive
by
the
wide
Scars
that
still
remain
;
Answer'd
me
,
that
for
divers
Months
that
he
lay
under
the
Chirurgeons
Hands
,
he
constantly
observ'd
,
that
about
Full
Moon
,
there
would
be
extraordinary
Prickings
and
Shootings
in
the
wounded
Parts
of
his
Head
,
as
if
the
Meninges
were
stretched
or
press'd
against
the
rugged
Parts
of
the
broken
Skull
,
and
this
with
so
much
pain
,
as
would
for
2
or
3
Nights
hinder
his
Sleep
,
of
which
at
all
other
times
of
the
Moon
he
us'd
to
injoy
a
competency
.
And
this
Gentleman
added
,
that
the
Chirurgeons
,
(
for
he
had
3
or
4
at
once
)
observ'd
from
Month
to
Month
,
as
well
as
he
,
the
Operation
of
the
Full
Moon
upon
his
Head
,
informing
him
,
that
they
then
manifestly
perceived
an
Expansion
or
Intumescence
of
his
Brain
;
which
appear'd
not
at
all
at
the
New
Moon
;
(
for
that
I
particularly
ask'd
)
nor
was
he
then
obnoxious
to
the
foremention'd
Pricking
pains
.
EXPERIMENT
.
V.
An
uncommon
Experiment
about
Heat
and
Cold.
To
confirm
what
we
have
elsewhere
deliver'd
about
the
Mechanical
Origine
of
Heat
and
Cold
,
we
devis'd
the
following
Experiment
:
We
took
a
small
and
hermetically
seal'd
Thermoscope
,
whose
Stem
was
divided
into
parts
,
equal
enough
as
to
Sense
,
by
little
Specks
of
Amel
,
that
sharp
Liquors
might
not
eat
off
or
spoil
the
Marks
.
The
Ball
of
this
Instrument
we
put
into
a
slender
Cylindrical
Vessel
,
(
call'd
in
the
Shops
a
Mustard
Glass
)
and
more
than
cover'd
it
with
strong
Oyl
of
🜖
,
and
left
it
there
awhile
to
be
reduc'd
to
the
temper
of
the
surrounding
▪
Liquor
.
Then
we
cast
upon
it
by
degrees
,
grosly
Powder'd
,
*
which
presently
was
wrought
on
furiously
by
the
Menstruum
;
and
by
this
Conflict
,
was
produc'd
a
seeming
Effervescence
,
with
great
noise
and
store
of
Froth
,
which
more
than
once
was
ready
to
run
out
of
the
Vessel
.
But
for
all
this
seeming
Ebullition
,
the
mixture
instead
of
growing
Hot
,
did
really
grow
Colder
and
Colder
,
as
appear'd
not
only
when
the
Vessel
was
touch'd
by
the
Fingers
on
the
outside
,
but
by
a
surer
mark
,
which
was
the
descent
of
the
colour'd
Spirit
of
Wine
.
How
much
farther
it
would
have
descended
,
(
for
the
Liquor
was
not
near
satiated
with
the
🜔
)
we
were
hinder'd
from
Discovering
by
an
unlucky
Accident
,
that
broke
the
Thermometer
,
and
put
an
end
to
that
First
part
of
our
Experiment
.
But
this
was
no
hindrance
to
the
Second
part
,
which
for
its
Novelty
we
mainly
design'd
.
For
when
we
pour'd
this
actually
and
considerably
Cold
Mixture
into
three
or
four
times
its
weight
(
by
guess
)
of
as
much
common
Water
,
that
was
likewise
actually
Cold
;
this
Second
Mixture
did
,
as
I
expected
,
immediately
grow
so
Hot
,
that
I
did
not
like
to
keep
my
Finger
for
a
Minute
or
two
upon
the
outside
of
the
Glass
.
An
Advertisement
about
the
Nature
and
Scope
of
the
Chymical
Experiments
contain'd
in
the
following
Pentades
.
CHAP.
V.
Containing
two
Pentades
of
Chymical
Experiments
.
BEfore
you
enter
upon
the
perusal
of
the
following
Pentades
,
I
think
my self
oblig'd
to
give
you
notice
,
that
you
will
be
deceiv'd
if
you
expect
to
find
them
consist
,
either
Solely
or
Mainly
,
of
Spagirical
Secrets
,
or
difficult
and
elaborate
Processes
.
I
do
not
indeed
deny
,
that
I
am
not
altogether
unfurnish'd
with
such
as
in
probability
,
most
Readers
would
refer
to
Experiments
of
that
Nature
,
and
you
may
find
divers
of
them
scatter'd
upon
fit
occasions
,
in
several
of
my
Writings
:
But
in
the
present
Tract
,
tho
I
have
not
forborn
to
mention
here
and
there
as
many
Particulars
of
that
sort
,
as
I
thought
necessary
to
excite
and
maintain
the
Curiosity
,
and
sustain
the
Attention
of
a
Reader
that
Relishes
nothing
that
is
not
Season'd
with
somewhat
that
is
not
common
;
yet
in
this
Treatise
,
wherein
I
aim'd
not
to
appear
a
Chymist
,
so
much
as
to
make
my
Reader
a
Naturalist
;
it
was
more
suitable
to
my
design
,
tho
not
more
conducive
to
my
Credit
,
that
the
following
Pentades
(
which
God
permitting
,
may
in
tract
of
time
,
much
increase
in
Number
)
should
mainly
consist
of
Experiments
,
rather
useful
than
Specious
;
my
design
being
to
contribute
some
sound
Materials
towards
the
Erection
of
a
solid
and
useful
Natural
Philosophy
.
In
making
choice
of
which
Materials
,
I
usually
prefer
those
Experiments
that
afford
the
more
Light
to
those
that
appear
with
the
most
Luster
,
and
those
that
are
proper
to
increase
the
Readers
skill
,
to
those
that
make
an
Ostentation
of
the
Writers
.
On
which
ground
it
is
,
that
,
whatever
I
may
do
,
where
I
purposely
Recommend
Chymistry
,
I
make
this
small
Collection
,
consist
mainly
of
simple
and
not
Intricate
or
elaborate
Experiments
.
Those
that
are
Simple
being
not
only
more
easy
to
be
Try'd
,
and
if
need
be
,
Reiterated
without
much
trouble
,
or
danger
of
erring
;
but
(
which
I
more
regard
)
more
easy
to
be
judg'd
of
,
as
to
their
Causes
,
Phenomena
and
effects
,
and
consequently
more
fit
to
ground
Notions
and
Reasonings
upon
:
Divers
of
which
may
probably
in
the
applications
that
sagacious
Persons
may
make
of
them
,
prove
to
be
of
Practical
as
well
as
Theorical
use
.
Thus
tho
a
Wedg
of
Gold
and
a
Diamond
be
,
one
more
Rich
and
finely
Colour'd
,
and
the
other
more
precious
and
sparkling
than
a
piece
of
Steel
and
a
Hint
;
yet
on
many
occasions
the
two
latter
are
far
more
serviceable
to
Mankind
than
the
former
:
Since
not
those
that
are
more
priz'd
for
themselves
,
but
those
that
in
comparison
seem
despicable
,
afford
Sparks
,
which
do
not
only
give
Light
,
but
are
fit
to
kindle
Fires
,
which
both
afford
incomparably
more
Light
,
and
in
the
application
are
of
excellent
and
necessary
use
in
the
Kitchins
of
Families
,
the
Forges
of
Smiths
of
all
sorts
,
the
Furnaces
of
Myne-men
,
and
the
Laboratories
of
Chymists
.
The
I.
PENTADE
.
EXPERIMENT
I.
To
Dissolve
Crude
Gold
with
dry
Bodies
.
Because
the
generality
of
Chymists
make
so
great
a
matter
of
Aurum
Potabile
,
tho
they
cannot
deny
,
but
that
by
their
Preparations
it
is
not
made
irreducible
;
and
because
also
I
am
willing
to
grant
,
that
even
some
Preparations
,
that
leave
the
Metal
reducible
,
may
yet
be
of
considerable
use
in
Physick
(
the
grounds
of
which
Opinion
I
elsewhere
declare
,
and
shall
not
here
repeat
)
I
will
in
this
place
set
down
a
Process
,
which
tho
I
do
not
overmuch
value
,
serv'd
me
well
enough
on
some
occasions
,
to
Vye
with
those
that
much
vaunted
their
particular
ways
(
as
they
thought
them
)
of
making
Aurum
Potabile
,
I
told
them
,
I
could
make
one
in
an
hour
or
two's
time
without
a
Furnace
;
and
that
without
any
other
Distill'd
Liquor
whatsoever
than
common
Spirit
of
of
Wine
well
Dephlegm'd
.
This
I
did
several
times
,
after
the
following
manner
.
I
prepar'd
a
Saline
Mixture
consisting
of
one
part
of
Sal
Almonia●
,
two
parts
of
Roch
Allum
,
and
four
parts
of
pure
Nitre
.
This
being
well
pulveriz'd
and
mingl'd
,
I
rub'd
diligently
in
a
Glass
or
Marble
Mortar
,
with
15
or
16
parts
in
weight
of
the
whole
Mixture
of
Leaves
of
Gold
,
such
as
Apothecaries
and
Book-binders
use
.
Then
I
put
this
into
a
small
new
Crucible
,
and
putting
a
few
,
and
but
a
few
,
kindled
Coals
round
about
it
,
and
at
a
little
distance
from
it
,
to
neal
the
Vessel
;
I
soon
after
approacht
them
,
till
the
heat
made
the
Matter
melt
,
and
so
with
that
gentle
Fire
,
I
kept
it
in
fusion
,
till
it
visibly
emitted
no
more
Fumes
but
grew
dry
again
.
This
sign
appearing
,
I
presently
took
it
off
from
the
Fire
,
and
whiles
it
was
yet
warm
,
dug
it
out
,
as
clean
as
I
could
,
and
having
seasonably
pulveriz'd
it
,
that
it
might
not
attract
the
Moisture
of
the
Air
;
I
put
upon
it
some
highly
rectify'd
Spirit
of
Wine
,
which
within
an
hour
or
less
time
,
was
enobled
with
a
rich
Golden
Colour
.
And
accordingly
I
found
it
to
be
a
real
Solution
of
Gold
,
by
divers
Tryals
that
I
purposely
made
,
to
evince
it
to
be
so
.
Of
this
and
some
other
less
common
Preparations
of
☉
more
may
be
met
with
hereafter
.
EXPERIMENT
.
II.
Luna
Cornea
by
Distillation
.
There
was
taken
℥
III
of
well
refin'd
Silver
,
thinly
Laminated
,
and
six
of
common
Sublimate
.
This
was
put
first
into
a
Retort
,
and
the
Silver
cut
into
small
pieces
,
was
put
in
after
,
that
the
matter
lying
uppermost
might
be
Penetrated
by
the
ascending
Fumes
:
But
the
Fire
having
not
been
made
strong
enough
,
the
Sublimate
was
Elevated
to
the
uppermost
part
of
the
Retort
,
and
left
the
Silver
scarce
at
all
chang'd
in
the
bottom
of
the
Glass
.
Wherefore
we
put
the
same
Sublimate
and
Metal
into
another
Retort
,
and
administring
a
stronger
Fire
,
that
the
Sublimate
might
be
thorowly
melted
before
it
could
flee
away
,
we
obtain'd
no
running
Mercury
at
all
,
but
the
greatest
part
of
the
Sublimate
was
Elevated
in
its
usual
form
,
leaving
behind
it
the
Silver
in
a
Lump
,
which
stuck
hard
to
the
bottom
of
the
Glass
,
and
appear'd
much
alter'd
.
For
besides
that
there
was
acquir'd
℥
I.
in
weight
,
many
of
the
pieces
of
Metal
stuck
together
,
and
seem'd
at
least
half
Melted
,
and
were
of
a
kind
of
Horny
and
Semi-Diaphanous
Substance
,
which
would
readily
enough
Melt
almost
like
Sealing-Wax
,
when
I
held
it
to
the
Flame
of
a
Candle
,
at
which
yet
I
could
not
perceive
it
manifestly
to
take
Fire
.
SCHOLIUM
.
'T
is
here
to
be
noted
once
for
all
,
that
in
this
and
divers
other
Chymical
Experiments
,
there
is
sometimes
much
more
deliver'd
than
is
necessary
to
make
good
the
Title
,
or
the
thing
mainly
intended
.
But
't
was
thought
fit
,
not
to
Dismember
or
Mutilate
the
entire
Memoir
as
't
was
register'd
,
because
that
of
the
other
Particulars
some
may
be
,
tho
indirectly
,
refer'd
to
the
principal
part
,
and
others
may
be
look't
on
as
Phaenomena
,
which
may
be
of
use
at
least
to
me
,
by
keeping
me
from
forgetting
them
,
and
probably
tend
to
the
main
design
of
all
these
Experiments
,
viz.
to
contribute
to
a
Natural
History
,
which
may
respect
Practice
,
as
well
as
Theory
.
EXPERIMENT
.
III.
Mercury
growing
warm
with
Silver
.
We
took
ʒII
of
animated
(
or
antimonial
)
Quicksilver
,
and
put
it
into
the
palm
of
ones
Hand
;
we
put
to
it
by
degrees
a
Dram
and
an
Half
of
Powder
of
fine
Silver
,
made
by
Precipitation
with
Copper
the
ordinary
way
(
but
with
more
than
ordinary
care
)
.
Whilst
this
Mixture
was
making
with
ones
Finger
,
he
that
held
it
in
his
hand
,
confess'd
he
found
it
grow
sensibly
Warm
;
and
I
,
whose
Finger
was
considerably
Warm
,
could
not
with
it
perceive
any
coldness
in
the
Amalgame
.
This
in
a
very
short
time
became
of
a
soft
,
and
(
as
to
sense
)
uniform
consistence
,
and
so
soft
that
it
was
like
almost
melted
Butter
,
insomuch
that
we
added
half
a
Dram
more
of
the
Calx
of
Silver
,
without
rendring
the
Amalgame
at
all
too
stif
;
and
perhaps
we
might
have
added
the
other
half
Dram
,
without
overcharging
that
penetrant
Mercury
:
in
which
case
it
had
swallowed
up
full
its
own
weight
of
Silver
;
so
different
it
was
from
common
Mercury
;
and
when
we
left
off
,
it
had
reduc'd
into
a
very
yeilding
form
,
three
quarters
of
its
own
weight
of
solid
Metal
.
This
aaa
we
put
into
a
small
Vyal
,
and
stopt
the
Glass
with
a
Cork
,
to
observe
whether
the
Amalgame
would
harden
without
intercourse
with
the
free
Air.
Next
morning
it
appear'd
to
be
concreted
in
the
Glass
;
and
the
next
morning
after
that
,
we
broke
the
Glass
to
take
out
the
Matter
,
which
we
found
considerably
hard
,
but
brittle
enough
.
EXPERIMENT
.
IV.
The
Durableness
of
the
Faculty
of
a
certain
prepar'd
Mercury
to
grow
Hot
with
Gold.
To
convince
those
that
Treat
the
Incalescense
of
Prepar'd
Mercury
and
of
Gold
,
as
a
Chymical
Chymera
;
I
sent
in
a
Conceal'd
way
to
the
Royal
Society
,
some
Mercury
laboriously
Prepar'd
in
my
Furnaces
,
whereof
℥
I.
being
put
upon
a
due
proportion
of
a
Calx
of
Gold
made
by
the
common
way
,
(
Quartation
)
they
grew
presently
and
very
sensibly
hot
in
the
Palm
of
ones
Hand
.
I
shall
now
add
,
that
to
try
whether
this
surprizing
Faculty
of
growing
hot
immediately
upon
Gold
,
will
continue
any
long
time
in
the
Mercury
;
I
lately
took
some
that
I
had
(
for
a
certain
purpose
)
kept
Hermetically
seal'd
in
a
Glass
Egg
for
divers
Years
,
(
if
I
mistake
not
,
Ten
or
Twelve
at
least
)
and
having
Reiterated
the
foremention'd
Tryal
with
it
;
first
alone
,
and
then
in
the
presence
of
a
Cultivator
of
Chymistry
;
it
presently
grew
hot
with
the
☉
in
the
palm
of
the
Hand
.
And
having
Distill'd
off
the
Mercury
,
and
try'd
it
again
as
well
as
some
that
was
Undistill'd
,
if
I
much
misremember
not
,
it
did
again
heat
with
the
Gold.
EXPERIMENT
.
V.
An
uncommon
way
of
operating
upon
♁
.
When
Chymists
expose
Antimony
,
for
instance
,
and
divers
other
Consistent
,
but
not
fixt
Bodies
,
to
the
action
of
the
Fire
,
they
are
wont
to
do
it
in
Vessels
,
either
open
,
as
when
they
make
Calx
,
or
Glass
of
Antimony
,
or
at
least
in
Vessels
that
are
not
so
close
:
But
that
there
is
Air
included
with
the
matter
,
as
when
they
Sublime
it
in
Glasses
,
or
in
Earthen
subliming
Pots
;
and
tho
they
regard
not
this
included
Air
,
because
usually
there
is
not
much
of
it
in
the
Vessel
,
yet
it
may
have
a
not
inconsiderable
influence
on
the
effects
of
the
Fires
Operation
,
not
only
as
it
contributes
to
the
ascention
and
sustentation
of
dissipated
parts
of
the
Mineral
,
but
as
it
affords
these
Corpuscles
room
to
fly
to
and
fro
in
it
,
and
thereby
make
Associations
or
Coalitions
and
Concretions
that
otherwise
would
not
be
produc'd
.
Upon
this
account
I
guest
that
it
may
be
,
on
divers
occasions
,
a
thing
of
use
for
Discoveries
,
and
perhaps
too
,
for
Practice
,
to
imploy
a
Method
,
that
the
Body
expos'd
to
the
action
of
the
Fire
,
may
be
kept
from
the
Contact
of
the
Air
,
at
least
as
to
any
sensible
portions
of
it
,
and
being
as
it
were
included
in
Bodies
almost
equivalent
to
Solids
;
and
one
may
suppress
the
free
emission
and
ascent
of
Exhalations
,
and
so
to
make
an
Operation
,
not
only
in
Clauso
,
but
as
it
were
in
Solido
,
and
reduce
the
parts
of
the
Body
Expos'd
,
and
perhaps
the
Igneous
Corpuscles
to
act
reciprocally
upon
one
another
,
without
any
notable
Dissipation
,
or
Avolation
of
Parts
.
To
apply
now
what
hath
been
said
,
to
Antimony
;
I
shall
briefly
set
down
an
uncommon
way
that
came
into
my
mind
of
Operating
upon
it
.
We
took
well
powder'd
♁
,
and
well
dry'd
(
white
)
Chalk
reduc'd
likewise
to
Powder
;
with
these
in
a
large
Earthen
Pot
or
Crucible
,
we
made
SSS
.
having
a
care
to
make
the
lowermost
and
uppermost
bed
of
Chalk
,
and
the
last
thicker
than
any
of
the
rest
,
as
also
that
none
of
the
Antimo-nial
Layers
,
were
but
of
a
moderate
thickness
,
that
the
Heat
might
penetrate
them
the
better
;
then
the
Vessel
,
being
cover'd
,
was
put
among
the
kindled
Coals
of
a
good
digestive
Furnace
,
(
not
because
such
a
one
was
necessary
,
but
because
't
was
at
hand
)
where
't
was
kept
for
a
competent
time
,
which
according
to
the
bigness
of
the
Pot
,
and
the
strength
of
the
Fire
,
may
be
sometimes
20
or
24
Hours
,
sometimes
a
Day
and
a
Half
,
and
sometimes
two
Days
or
better
.
The
II.
PENTADE
.
EXPERIMENT
I.
A
very
uncommon
way
of
making
a
Cale
of
Gold.
'T
is
known
that
most
Chymists
,
and
many
Physicians
,
have
a
Superlative
Esteem
for
the
Medicinal
Vertues
of
Gold
,
and
the
Preparations
of
it
.
And
upon
this
ground
,
divers
of
them
have
long
been
,
and
still
are
Solicitous
to
make
Calces
of
Gold
by
differing
ways
;
most
of
them
laborious
,
and
some
of
them
scarce
to
be
safely
wrought
and
us'd
in
Physick
:
Wherefore
I
shall
,
I
presume
,
be
easily
Pardon'd
,
if
I
here
set
down
a
way
that
came
into
my
mind
,
and
that
I
have
sometimes
us'd
to
make
a
preparation
wherein
Gold
is
reduc'd
to
very
minute
Parts
,
without
the
help
of
Mercury
,
or
of
any
Precipitation
made
by
sharp
Salts
,
whether
Acid
or
Lixivial
.
We
took
then
refin'd
Gold
,
and
dissolv'd
it
in
clean
and
Spirituous
Aqua
Regia
,
and
instead
of
Precipitating
the
clear
Solution
with
Oyl
of
Tartar
per
deliquium
,
as
is
usually
done
,
or
with
Spirit
of
Sal
Armoniac
,
or
other
Volatile
Urinous
Spirits
,
we
first
with
a
very
modest
Heat
drew
off
the
Superfluous
Liquor
;
whereby
the
Gold
with
the
remaining
part
of
the
Menstruum
,
was
left
in
the
appearance
of
a
thick
and
Oleous
Liquor
.
This
done
,
we
pour'd
upon
it
a
treble
weight
of
Vinous
Spirit
totally
inflammable
and
in
a
short
time
,
we
had
,
as
we
expected
,
a
very
subtil
Powder
,
or
high
colour'd
Calx
of
Gold
,
that
subsided
at
the
bottom
;
the
Menstruum
being
strangely
dulcifi'd
as
to
Tast
,
and
become
fragrant
in
point
of
Smell
When
a
very
few
days
were
past
,
we
decanted
the
Liquor
,
and
put
on
it
fresh
ardent
Spirit
,
and
leaving
them
a
while
together
,
there
subsided
the
like
well
colour'd
Calx
more
plentifully
than
the
first
time
.
I
know
not
,
to
add
that
upon
the
by
,
whether
it
may
,
or
may
not
be
worth
while
to
try
to
Discover
whether
this
Dulcifi'd
A.
R.
Spirituosa
being
drawn
off
from
the
subsiding
Gold
,
may
have
acquir'd
any
Virtue
from
the
open'd
Metal
.
Some
Tryals
seeming
to
argue
that
the
openness
of
this
Calx
made
it
fit
to
be
easily
wrought
upon
by
a
Menstruum
that
would
not
touch
Water-Gold
,
as
they
call
the
common
Calx
made
by
quartation
,
nor
yet
Leaf-Gold
,
such
as
the
Apothecaries
Imploy
;
but
however
the
Menstruum
has
acquir'd
such
qualities
as
make
it
seem
likely
to
prove
an
useful
Medicine
,
which
yet
I
refer
to
Tryal
.
By
the
way
we
pitch'd
upon
to
make
this
Powder
of
Gold
,
it
seem'd
probable
,
that
it
would
not
(
at
least
)
be
less
subtil
,
and
yet
would
be
more
mild
,
than
common
Preparations
;
and
nevertheless
we
thought
it
might
,
perhaps
,
make
it
yet
more
secure
,
if
we
should
,
as
we
did
,
put
upon
it
a
totally
Ardent
Vinous
Spirit
,
and
burn
it
off
once
,
twice
,
or
thrice
,
to
carry
off
with
it
any
little
Corosive
or
Saline
Particles
▪
that
may
have
still
adher'd
to
the
Metalline
ones
.
N.
B.
The
Spirituous
Aqua
Regia
,
mention'd
in
the
Process
,
is
so
call'd
by
me
,
partly
to
distinguish
it
from
the
common
Aqua
Regia
,
and
partly
because
't
is
indeed
of
a
more
Spirituous
Nature
than
the
common
,
being
compos'd
without
any
gross
Salt
;
Such
as
*
but
only
of
Spirits
.
This
Menstruum
I
made
for
some
particular
uses
:
And
tho
it
works
more
slowly
than
the
common
Chrysulca
,
yet
I
often
prefer
it
to
this
,
as
that
which
I
can
imploy
to
some
uncommon
purposes
,
and
as
it
may
probably
be
a
more
innocent
Menstruum
in
making
Preparations
of
Sol
,
design'd
for
Medicinal
uses
.
I
make
it
very
easily
,
by
mixing
one
part
of
good
Spirit
of
Salt
,
with
two
parts
of
strong
Spirit
of
Niter
,
or
(
when
't
is
not
to
be
us'd
for
Medicines
)
of
common
,
but
clean
Aqua
Fortis
.
SCHOLIUM
.
The
above
recited
Tryal
was
made
as
't
is
deliver'd
;
but
some
Circumstances
that
I
took
notice
of
,
and
particularly
some
Grains
of
Powder
that
,
tho
mingl'd
with
the
rest
,
were
shining
,
as
if
they
had
been
extreamly
Minute
,
and
bright
Filings
of
Gold.
These
Circumstances
,
I
say
,
made
me
Suspect
that
the
Success
might
much
depend
upon
particular
and
nice
Circumstances
that
may
need
more
exact
Tryal
,
than
I
had
then
occasion
to
make
;
and
therefore
it
may
be
fit
that
the
Experiment
be
heedfully
repeated
.
It
may
also
be
try'd
whether
the
imploying
common
A.
R.
instead
of
the
Spirituous
,
will
much
vary
the
Experiment
.
EXPERIMENT
II.
To
try
how
much
Volatile
Salt
an
assign'd
quantity
of
Water
would
Dissolve
,
we
took
℥
III
of
Distill'd
Water
,
and
put
into
it
by
degrees
,
some
dry
Salt
of
Salt
Armoniac
(
that
was
very
White
,
and
compact
enough
)
keeping
the
Liquor
in
digestion
for
a
pretty
while
,
that
it
might
have
time
to
Dissolve
as
much
as
it
could
.
When
we
found
it
would
Dissolve
no
more
in
a
moderate
Heat
,
we
took
it
off
,
and
found
that
after
standing
some
Hours
in
the
Cold
there
fell
to
the
lower
part
of
the
Glass
,
and
setled
there
,
a
pretty
quantity
of
Salt
,
which
we
guess'd
to
be
about
ʒII
,
which
being
deducted
from
℥
II
,
that
had
been
in
all
put
in
,
there
remained
℥
I
and
ʒVI
in
the
Liquor
,
which
by
this
account
had
Dissolv'd
at
least
half
its
weight
of
Salt.
SCHOLIUM
.
I
desire
it
may
not
be
thought
strange
,
if
among
our
Chymical
Experiments
,
some
few
shall
be
here
and
there
met
with
,
that
are
much
less
Elaborate
or
Promising
than
others
that
I
could
easily
have
inserted
in
their
Rooms
;
for
I
did
it
on
set
purpose
,
partly
because
oftentimes
(
as
was
intimated
at
the
beginning
of
the
Chapter
)
some
more
simple
or
seemingly
less
valuable
Experiments
may
be
fitter
materials
,
than
more
curious
ones
,
for
the
Natural
History
we
would
promote
;
and
partly
to
give
an
Example
,
if
mine
can
signifie
any
thing
,
of
not
disdaining
to
Register
some
things
that
seem
mean
;
if
by
the
light
they
afford
,
or
the
uses
they
may
be
apply'd
to
,
they
compensate
the
want
of
Lustre
,
and
of
immediate
Utility
.
And
the
substance
of
this
Scholium
I
desire
may
be
mentally
transferr'd
,
as
occasion
shall
require
,
to
those
following
Chapters
that
Treat
of
Chymical
Experiments
.
EXPERIMENT
.
III.
Perhaps
some
Chymists
will
think
that
the
following
Memoir
may
give
hints
that
may
be
of
use
on
several
occasions
,
both
for
other
purposes
,
and
for
theirs
,
that
would
draw
Tinctures
from
several
Bodies
,
that
will
not
afford
them
in
simple
Spirit
of
Wine
,
tho
well
rectifi'd
.
The
simple
Spirit
of
good
French
Verdigreas
,
being
once
or
twice
abstracted
from
as
much
Salt
of
Tartar
as
it
would
dissolve
in
the
Cold
;
left
the
Salt
easily
susible
,
and
dissoluble
in
highly
rectifi'd
Spirit
of
Wine
.
EXPERIMENT
IV.
I
have
not
been
unacquainted
with
some
Curious
and
Elaborate
Preparations
of
that
noble
Flower
the
Rose
;
and
experience
hath
convinc'd
me
that
t
is
possible
,
whatever
most
Chymists
think
of
it
,
to
obtain
from
Roses
a
true
essential
Oyl
,
that
mixes
not
with
Water
,
and
is
exceeding
fragrant
:
But
there
are
several
that
are
so
far
from
believing
that
an
Essential
Oyl
may
be
obtain'd
from
Roses
,
without
being
in
the
form
of
a
Butter
,
but
in
a
liquid
one
like
Oyl
of
Cloves
,
or
Wormwood
,
that
they
doubt
whether
a
true
Spiritus
Ardens
can
be
obtain'd
from
them
,
without
addition
of
Wine
,
or
some
such
inflamable
Liquor
.
I
shall
here
transcribe
the
following
Note
,
as
containing
a
more
simple
and
easie
Preparation
(
than
any
of
those
before
mention'd
)
of
the
Ardent
Spirit
of
those
Flowers
,
and
therefore
more
suitable
to
the
design
of
the
whole
Chapter
.
To
make
an
inflammable
Spirit
of
Roses
.
Two
Bushels
of
Damask
Roses
(
together
with
a
good
number
of
red
Rose-buds
)
being
beaten
,
and
put
into
a
Vessel
with
Water
amounting
to
about
4
Gallons
,
were
mingled
with
about
a
quart
of
Ale-Yest
,
and
kept
in
Fermentation
for
about
5
or
6
days
(
the
weather
being
cold
for
the
Season
)
and
then
being
Distill'd
per
vesicam
,
afforded
us
a
Spiritus
Ardens
.
EXPERIMENT
.
V.
An
Experiment
about
the
Chymical
Analysis
of
Pearls
.
We
took
℥
II
of
Seed
Pearl
,
that
were
carefully
bought
for
Oriental
,
and
without
breaking
them
,
put
them
into
a
Retort
,
and
Distil'd
them
in
a
Sand-Furnace
by
degrees
of
Fire
,
giving
a
strong
one
at
the
last
.
By
this
means
we
had
a
little
Black
Oyl
Swimming
upon
the
Spirit
,
which
was
also
dark
and
muddy
,
as
if
incorporated
with
some
more
Oyl
.
The
weight
of
both
these
Liquors
was
23
Grains
,
besides
which
there
stuck
to
almost
all
the
upper
part
of
the
Retort
,
a
thin
film
of
Oyl
,
which
together
with
a
streak
of
the
like
reaching
to
the
bottom
of
the
Receiver
,
we
estimated
at
3
Grains
more
,
and
so
reckon'd
26
Grains
for
the
weight
of
the
whole
ascended
matter
.
The
Caput
Mortuum
amounted
to
full
the
remainng
weight
of
two
Ounces
.
The
Empyreumatical
Liquors
that
came
over
,
smell'd
much
like
those
of
Harts-horn
,
and
the
Spirit
was
found
to
belong
,
as
we
expected
,
to
the
Tribe
of
Urinous
ones
,
or
,
as
many
now
call
them
Volatile
Alcaly's
For
it
readily
hiss'd
and
produc'd
Bubbles
,
with
good
Spirit
of
Salt
turn'd
Syrup
of
Violets
Green
,
and
being
drop'd
into
Solution
of
Sublimate
,
turn'd
that
White
;
to
omit
another
way
or
two
,
by
which
I
examin'd
it
.
The
Oyl
that
stuck
to
the
Retort
,
and
which
was
faetid
,
like
that
of
Harts-horn
,
did
easily
dissolve
in
dephlegm'd
Spirit
of
Wine
,
and
afforded
a
reddish
Brown
Solution
.
The
Caput
Mortuum
was
very
black
,
and
some
Grains
of
it
were
found
readily
enough
dissoluble
in
Spirit
of
Vinegar
.
Being
calcin'd
in
a
well
cover'd
Crucible
,
with
a
strong
Fire
(
for
a
moderate
one
will
not
do
it
,
unless
it
be
long
)
we
reduc'd
them
to
be
purely
White
,
and
to
a
weight
less
by
some
Grains
than
an
Ounce
,
and
ʒIII
and
we
found
,
as
we
expected
,
that
being
Pulveriz'd
,
this
Calx
tasted
hot
and
bitterish
upon
the
Tongue
,
like
good
Calx
Vive
,
and
was
not
only
of
an
Alcalisate
,
but
a
Lixival
Nature
:
For
besides
that
it
presently
turn'd
Syrup
of
Violets
Green
,
it
quickly
afforded
an
Orange
Colour'd
Precipitate
,
with
Solution
of
Sublimate
.
Strange
Reports
,
In
II.
PARTS
.
Address'd
to
a
Vertuoso
,
Friend
to
the
Author
.
Advertisement
.
I
Presume
,
Sir
,
you
may
yet
remember
,
what
I
Wrote
about
the
Nature
and
Scope
of
my
Collection
of
Strange
Reports
,
in
an
Essay
which
take's
its
Title
from
them
;
and
which
I
was
encouraged
to
make
by
the
Example
and
Authority
of
Aristotle
.
And
therefore
I
shall
desire
,
that
to
save
your
Trouble
and
my
own
,
That
Paper
may
serve
for
a
Preface
to
that
which
follows
.
About
which
,
supposing
this
Request
to
be
Granted
,
I
shall
need
to
give
you
at
present
but
this
short
Advertisement
;
That
for
distinction's
sake
,
I
thought
fit
to
divide
the
ensuing
Particulars
into
two
Parts
,
because
they
are
indeed
of
two
sorts
:
One
relating
to
things
purely
Natural
,
and
the
other
consisting
of
Phaenomena
,
that
are
,
of
seem
to
be
,
of
a
Supernatural
Kind
or
Order
.
The
first
Set
of
Particulars
belonging
to
each
of
the
two
foremention'd
Parts
,
has
prefixt
to
it
the
Title
of
the
First
Section
,
tho
it
be
not
at
this
time
attended
by
a
Second
;
because
't
is
design'd
,
that
God
permitting
,
it
shall
be
so
hereafter
,
when
I
shall
get
time
to
pick
up
out
of
my
Adversaria
,
and
other
Memoirs
,
Particulars
fit
to
have
plac'd
in
the
List
of
Strange
Reports
.
I
must
likewise
give
you
notice
,
That
you
are
not
to
expect
the
II.
Part
at
this
time
:
Discretion
forbidding
me
to
let
that
appear
,
till
I
see
what
Entertainment
will
be
given
to
the
I.
Part
,
that
consists
but
of
Relations
far
less
strange
than
those
that
make
up
the
other
Part.
Strange
Reports
.
PART
.
I.
SECTION
.
I.
RElating
to
a
judicious
Virtuoso
,
that
a
Physician
of
Bruxels
a
while
since
affirm'd
to
me
,
That
he
himself
had
prepar'd
3
or
4
resuscitable
Plants
,
one
of
which
he
had
presented
to
the
Marquess
of
Castel
Rodrigo
,
now
Governor
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
where
this
Virtuoso
had
not
long
since
been
.
Relating
this
,
I
say
,
to
this
Gentleman
,
and
Enquiring
of
him
,
whether
he
had
seen
this
resuscitable
Plant
;
he
answered
me
,
That
he
had
never
seen
nor
heard
of
it
;
but
told
me
on
this
occasion
,
That
coming
to
Deal
with
an
Apothecary
of
Namier
,
if
I
misremember
not
the
Name
,
much
esteem'd
for
his
extraordinary
Skill
in
Chymistry
about
some
choice
Preparations
,
wherewith
this
Man's
Shop
was
furnish'd
the
Apothecary
told
the
Virtuoso
,
that
he
had
really
prepar'd
resufcitable
Plants
,
a
different
way
from
that
which
others
pretended
to
,
and
that
he
could
prepare
a
great
variety
of
them
.
And
when
having
enquir'd
of
the
Virtuoso
,
whether
he
himself
had
seen
any
of
these
prepar'd
Plants
,
he
assur'd
me
,
that
he
had
seen
not
only
some
,
but
many
;
I
then
upon
farther
enquiry
how
they
appear'd
,
learned
that
the
Chymist
had
divers
of
them
in
distinct
Glass-Bottles
;
that
the
Apparitions
that
were
exhibited
,
shew'd
not
the
peculiar
Colours
,
but
only
the
shape
of
the
Plant
;
but
this
so
genuinely
that
he
could
perfectly
distinguish
and
easily
know
it
to
be
such
or
such
a
Plant
instancing
particularly
in
Carduus
Benedictus
,
and
Camomile
.
And
the
difference
betwixt
this
way
of
Exhibiting
Plants
,
and
that
which
is
mention'd
by
Quercetan
,
and
pretended
to
by
others
;
I
found
by
this
Gentleman's
Answers
,
to
consist
chiefly
in
these
two
things
:
The
first
,
that
the
Apothecary's
Plants
did
not
as
the
others
seem
to
grow
up
into
the
Air
included
in
a
Seal'd
Vial
,
but
were
seen
as
growing
in
a
clear
Liquor
,
wherewith
the
Bottle
that
contain'd
it
was
almost
fill'd
;
and
the
next
,
That
whereas
to
make
the
Apparition
,
mention'd
by
Quercetan
,
and
others
,
the
Application
of
an
actual
Heat
(
as
that
of
a
Lamp
,
or
the
Sun-beams
,
or
the
like
)
is
affirm'd
to
be
requisite
,
upon
the
absence
of
which
the
Phantastical
Plant
relapses
into
its
Ashes
.
In
the
formation
of
the
Apothecaries
Vegetables
,
he
doth
not
employ
any
actual
Heat
,
but
(
which
may
seem
more
strange
)
only
the
shaking
,
of
the
Bottle
,
for
upon
that
Agitation
the
prepar'd
Ashes
or
Powder
being
this'd
from
the
bottom
,
and
dispers'd
quite
through
the
Liquor
,
when
the
Glass
is
set
by
in
a
quiet
place
,
the
scatter'd
Particles
by
degrees
so
convene
,
as
to
compose
a
Model
of
the
Plant
they
once
belong'd
to
.
And
Heat
not
being
requisite
to
their
formation
,
these
Plants
do
not
quickly
,
as
the
Pelonian
Physician
's
Phantastick
Vegetable
,
Recorded
by
Quercetan
,
fall
back
into
a
Powder
;
but
if
let
alone
,
continu'd
a
great
while
,
until
the
Preparer
think
fit
by
a
gentle
Agitation
of
the
Bottle
,
to
dissolve
the
loose
Contexture
of
it
.
RELATION
II.
I
met
the
other
day
with
a
very
intelligent
Person
,
well
vers'd
in
Chymistry
,
not
credulous
,
and
in
a
word
very
well
worthy
of
Credit
,
who
assur'd
me
,
that
he
had
himself
seen
a
few
years
ago
at
Mentz
,
in
the
Hands
of
one
Monsieur
P
—
r
,
a
Gentleman
of
Switzer-land
,
and
a
Virtuoso
,
a
piece
of
Glass
about
the
bigness
of
a
Shilling
,
or
somewhat
bigger
;
which
was
Red
and
pretty
transparent
like
Glass
of
Antimony
made
per
se
,
and
which
this
Monsieur
P.
affirm'd
to
the
Relator
,
that
he
Hammer'd
before
the
present
Elector
of
Heidelberg
(
to
whom
I
told
him
,
I
had
the
Honour
to
be
known
,
and
)
by
whom
the
Relator
was
about
that
time
imploy'd
.
And
this
Monsieur
P.
being
his
intimate
Acquaintance
,
and
perceiving
that
he
was
,
(
as
he
well
might
be
)
indispos'd
to
believe
so
strange
a
thing
,
after
he
had
confest
the
Glass
to
have
been
given
him
by
an
excellent
Chymist
in
his
Country
(
Switzerland
)
;
this
Gentleman
,
I
say
,
at
the
Relators
earnest
Request
,
gave
him
leave
for
his
satisfaction
,
to
lay
the
piece
of
Glass
upon
an
Anvil
,
and
to
strike
seven
or
eight
strokes
with
a
Hammer
upon
it
;
by
which
means
he
found
,
that
tho
it
was
nor
malleable
(
at
least
in
the
state
it
then
was
)
like
neal'd
Silver
,
since
it
began
to
crack
at
the
edges
like
Silver
that
is
over-hammer'd
;
yet
it
did
really
stretch
under
the
Hammer
,
growing
more
thin
on
the
beaten
part
,
and
having
visible
Marks
or
Impressions
made
on
it
by
the
edg
of
the
Hammer
.
RELATION
III.
A
Pious
and
Learned
School-Master
,
that
ventur'd
to
stay
in
London
in
the
great
Plague
1665
,
and
was
much
Employ'd
,
as
some
Friends
of
mine
that
knew
him
,
and
commended
him
,
assur'd
me
,
to
Visit
the
Sick
,
and
distribute
Alms
and
Relief
to
them
,
went
indiscriminately
to
all
sorts
of
Infected
,
and
even
Dying
Persons
,
to
the
number
,
as
he
told
me
,
of
nine
Hundred
,
or
a
Thousand
;
and
being
ask'd
by
me
about
the
Infection
of
other
things
than
Walls
,
he
told
me
,
That
being
once
call'd
to
Administer
some
Ghostly
comfort
to
a
poor
Woman
that
had
Buried
some
Children
of
the
Plague
,
he
found
the
Room
so
little
,
that
it
scarce
held
any
more
than
the
Bed
whereon
she
lay
Sick
,
and
an
open
Coffin
wherein
he
saw
her
Husband
lye
Dead
of
the
same
Disease
,
whom
the
Wife
soon
after
follow'd
.
In
this
little
close
Room
they
affirm'd
to
him
,
that
the
Contagious
Steams
had
produc'd
Spots
on
the
very
Wall
;
and
when
I
ask'd
,
whether
he
himself
had
seen
them
,
he
answer'd
,
That
he
had
not
;
but
yet
was
inclin'd
to
believe
the
thing
to
be
true
,
not
only
upon
the
score
of
the
Relators
,
but
because
he
had
observ'd
the
like
in
his
own
Study
,
which
being
divided
only
by
a
Wall
from
some
Rooms
of
a
House
,
which
the
Owner
had
turn'd
into
a
kind
of
a
Pest-house
,
and
in
which
,
Numbers
had
Dyed
in
a
short
time
;
he
took
notice
that
the
white
Wall
of
his
Study
was
(
since
the
Sickness
rag'd
,
without
any
other
cause
that
he
could
imagine
)
Blemish'd
in
divers
places
with
Spots
,
like
those
of
Infected
Persons
;
when
(
to
add
that
upon
the
by
)
I
inquir'd
what
Antidote
he
us'd
;
he
replied
,
That
next
the
Protection
of
God
,
which
so
many
sad
Objects
made
him
the
more
fervently
Implore
,
and
a
constant
fearlesness
,
the
only
Preservative
he
us'd
,
besides
good
Diet
,
were
half
a
Spoonful
,
or
a
Spoonful
of
Brandy
five
or
Six
times
a
day
,
especially
when
he
went
into
Infected
places
,
and
the
bigness
of
a
small
Nut
or
less
,
of
a
Root
of
Spanish
Angelica
,
of
which
he
held
in
his
Mouth
the
quantity
of
a
Pepper-corn
,
or
somewhat
less
,
as
often
as
he
thought
there
was
need
.
RELATION
IV.
An
ingenious
Person
,
and
very
worthy
of
Credit
,
inform'd
me
the
other
day
,
in
answer
to
some
questions
that
I
propos'd
to
him
,
That
he
was
Imploy'd
some
years
ago
by
a
German
Physician
(
whose
Name
he
told
me
)
to
Distil
a
certain
Mineral
not
unknown
to
me
,
which
he
perform'd
in
a
naked
Fire
,
with
so
good
success
,
that
he
had
from
about
half
a
Pound
of
the
Mineral
,
near
ʒIII
of
the
Liquor
;
this
he
included
in
a
Glass
with
a
Bubble
,
and
a
slender
neck
like
one
of
my
Weather-Glasses
;
but
tho
the
Liquor
at
first
reach'd
not
above
the
Bubble
,
but
only
fill'd
it
to
the
bottom
of
the
Pipe
;
yet
as
the
Moon
increas'd
,
this
Liquor
,
as
the
Doctor
expected
,
by
degrees
expanded
it self
in
the
Glass
,
so
that
about
the
Full
-
Moon
,
it
reach'd
about
an
Inch
into
the
Pipe
,
and
upon
the
Decrease
of
the
Moon
,
it
subsided
by
degrees
to
the
bottom
of
the
Pipe.
And
when
I
ask'd
,
whether
the
Vessel
were
carefully
stopt
,
he
answer'd
,
That
it
was
not
only
so
,
but
Hermetically
Seal'd
like
one
of
my
Thermometers
with
Spirit
of
Wine
,
which
he
had
seen
.
This
the
Relator
averr'd
to
me
upon
his
own
Observation
,
and
being
desir'd
,
he
readily
gave
me
a
description
of
the
Mineral
,
and
a
direction
where
to
procure
it
,
(
which
I
am
now
endeavouring
to
do
)
adding
that
the
same
Doctor
made
the
like
Tryal
with
another
Mineral
,
akin
to
this
,
with
which
my
having
heard
that
such
an
Experiment
had
been
done
,
gave
me
occasion
to
propose
him
the
question
.
RELATION
V.
An
inquisitive
Traveller
that
not
long
since
waited
on
a
German
Prince
addicted
to
Chymistry
,
and
was
imploy'd
by
him
in
his
private
Laboratory
;
being
ask'd
by
me
some
questions
about
Ore
of
Bismute
or
Tin-glass
,
whereof
there
is
said
to
be
a
Mine
in
that
Prince's
Territories
,
and
in
particular
,
whether
he
had
observ'd
any
thing
of
the
varying
bulk
of
a
strange
Liquor
obtainable
from
it
:
He
answer'd
me
to
this
effect
,
That
he
had
had
occasion
to
make
many
Tryals
upon
this
Mineral
,
and
that
particularly
by
his
Prince's
command
,
he
had
Distill'd
a
considerable
quantity
of
a
certain
sort
of
it
(
because
it
yields
but
very
little
Spirit
)
and
that
he
thereby
obtain'd
a
Liquor
,
which
being
by
Rectification
freed
from
its
superfluous
Phlegm
,
amounted
to
about
half
a
Pint.
This
Liquor
was
put
into
a
Vial
,
which
it
almost
half
fill'd
.
This
Vial
being
exactly
stop'd
,
was
set
aside
in
a
quiet
place
,
where
,
(
as
the
Prince
expected
)
as
the
Light
of
the
Moon
increas'd
,
from
the
New
-
Moon
towards
the
Full
;
so
this
Liquor
gradually
swell'd
,
and
that
not
in
a
hardly
perceptible
degree
,
but
very
manifestly
and
confiderably
;
so
that
when
the
Moon
was
Full
,
the
Liquor
reached
almost
to
the
top
of
the
Glass
,
and
during
her
Wane
,
as
the
Light
decreas'd
,
so
did
the
bulk
of
the
Liquor
,
which
was
always
least
at
the
New
-
Moon
.
I
ask'd
him
if
any
Tryal
had
been
made
,
whether
the
Weight
of
this
Spirit
varied
with
the
Bulk
,
and
he
frankly
confess'd
to
me
,
That
it
had
not
come
into
his
Mind
;
but
for
what
is
above
Related
of
the
Increment
and
Decrement
as
to
quantity
affirm'd
to
me
,
that
he
himself
,
as
well
as
his
Prince
had
several
times
Observ'd
it
;
and
he
also
readily
told
me
the
way
he
used
in
making
the
Distillation
,
which
he
said
,
exacted
an
intense
degree
of
Fire
.
RELATION
VI.
An
inquisitive
Person
,
that
having
gone
through
his
Studies
in
the
University
,
Travell'd
throgh
divers
Countries
to
make
himself
the
more
fit
for
the
Profession
of
Physick
,
answer'd
me
,
That
having
Resided
for
some
time
in
Prussia
,
he
had
more
than
once
or
twice
(
and
that
in
differing
places
)
observ'd
,
as
others
in
his
Company
also
did
,
That
the
Fisher-men
in
breaking
the
Ice
of
long
Frozen
places
,
and
taking
out
thence
confiderable
Masses
of
Ice
,
did
several
times
find
in
them
Swallows
,
sometimes
numerous
enough
,
that
were
so
inclos'd
in
the
Ice
,
that
unless
by
breaking
or
thawing
it
,
they
could
not
be
gotten
out
of
it
.
And
he
further
answer'd
me
,
That
when
these
Lumps
or
Masses
of
Ice
came
to
be
thaw'd
in
their
German
Stoves
,
the
Swallows
,
that
lay
as
Dead
before
,
would
Revive
,
and
perhaps
fly
about
the
Room
;
but
did
not
long
survive
their
Recovery
out
of
their
Insensible
state
;
some
Dying
again
in
few
hours
,
others
the
next
day
,
or
perhaps
the
third
;
but
sew
or
none
,
that
he
observ'd
,
Living
beyond
the
fourth
or
the
fifth
;
which
immature
Death
,
my
Relator
judg'd
to
be
caus'd
by
their
having
no
Appetite
to
Eat
,
which
Inappetency
made
them
Dye
Starv'd
.
But
as
the
conjecture
may
be
true
as
to
those
that
Liv'd
for
some
days
,
so
it
seems
not
like
that
those
that
Perish'd
in
few
Hours
,
Dyed
meerly
of
Hunger
;
and
as
for
them
that
were
Starv'd
to
Death
,
I
should
suspect
that
they
were
Starv'd
,
not
so
much
for
want
of
Appetite
,
as
for
want
of
such
Animals
as
they
us'd
to
Feed
on
,
especially
Flies
,
which
they
could
not
get
in
Winter
.
RELATION
VII
.
An
Inquisitive
Gentleman
lately
Return'd
from
Jamaica
,
where
he
was
Imploy'd
by
the
Governour
to
make
Discoveries
of
Natural
Things
,
answer'd
me
(
this
Morning
)
that
he
had
seen
in
that
Island
great
number
of
Trees
that
bear
the
Silken
Cotten
,
that
he
found
many
of
them
to
surpass
in
bigness
and
height
the
larger
sort
of
our
English
Oaks
;
and
that
on
a
Mountain
that
many
went
to
Visit
out
of
Curiosity
,
to
view
a
stupendious
Silk-Cotton
Tree
,
he
saw
its
Bulk
,
and
many
affirm'd
to
him
,
and
it
was
the
general
Tradition
of
the
Country
,
which
he
saw
no
cause
to
disbelieve
,
that
this
prodigious
Tree
was
in
the
Body
no
less
than
21
yards
about
,
that
is
,
more
than
60
Foot
in
Compass
.
The
same
curious
Traveller
told
me
he
saw
a
Cannow
made
of
the
hollow'd
Trunk
of
one
of
these
Silk-Cotton
Trees
,
which
after
all
that
had
been
taken
off
to
give
it
the
shape
of
a
Vessel
fit
for
Service
,
was
30
Foot
about
,
and
of
at
least
a
proportionable
length
.
RELATION
VIII
.
A
Merchant
Rich
and
Judicious
,
and
more
addicted
to
Letters
than
is
usual
to
Men
of
his
Calling
,
being
return'd
into
England
,
from
some
of
the
remoter
Parts
of
the
East-Indies
,
to
satisfy
my
Curiosity
about
a
strange
Tradition
of
several
Navigators
about
a
more
than
one
way
extraordinary
In-draught
of
the
Sea
on
the
Coast
of
a
great
Island
of
the
Southern
Ocean
,
sent
me
the
ensuing
Relation
,
which
tho
it
contains
something
manifestly
Fabulous
,
but
easily
distinguishable
from
the
rest
,
I
give
you
in
the
Relators
own
Words
,
being
unwilling
to
alter
any
thing
till
I
can
see
him
again
,
and
propose
my
Scruples
to
him
.
At
Campar
and
Rakan
,
on
the
East
Coast
of
Sumatra
,
is
in
the
Rivers
Mouth
(
to
a
certain
distance
)
at
each
New
and
Full-Moon
,
a
Violent
In-draught
of
the
Sea
,
(
call'd
Bunna
)
which
approacheth
with
an
hideous
noise
,
and
Mountain-high
,
so
that
whatsoever
opposeth
it
,
Perisheth
.
It
s
approach
is
in
three
Parts
,
the
first
high
,
but
not
so
terrible
;
the
second
is
high
,
black
and
horrid
;
the
third
is
low
,
and
of
gentle
motion
;
before
its
approach
,
it
giveth
so
fair
warning
,
that
the
People
may
Eat
,
and
bath
themselves
,
before
they
weigh
Anchor
;
but
when
they
weigh
,
they
must
Row
hard
against
it
,
and
when
its
fury
is
past
,
follow
with
it
,
till
they
return
to
their
Anchor
place
.
The
true
reason
whereof
the
Inhabitants
cannot
discover
:
But
(
as
if
Greece
only
were
not
the
Mother
of
Fabulous
Traditions
)
these
poor
Natives
Fabulize
,
That
at
Campar
(
where
is
the
greatest
Bunna
)
in
former
Ages
,
there
was
a
Princess
,
who
,
to
shun
the
Rape
of
an
insolent
Casfree
Slave
,
ran
into
the
Seas
mouth
;
but
the
Slave
still
pursuing
her
,
and
after
him
the
Princess's
little-Dog
;
all
perish'd
and
thus
(
by
a
new
Metamorphosis
)
these
three
Waves
perpetuate
their
Commemoration
.
That
afterwards
a
bold
Fellow
hoping
to
divert
this
Bunna
from
Campar
(
by
advice
of
some
Wizards
)
Row'd
up
against
that
first
part
of
the
Torrent
,
and
filling
a
Bottle
of
its
Water
,
which
he
immediately
stopt
up
close
,
he
betook
himself
to
Rakan
(
not
far
distant
)
and
pour'd
it
out
into
that
Rivers
Mouth
,
which
brought
the
Bunna
thither
also
,
tho
it
left
not
Campar
;
but
that
Fellow
suddenly
after
Dying
,
none
durst
since
attempt
the
like
,
else
the
Natives
fancy
it
may
still
be
done
.
My
humble
Opinion
is
,
(
adds
my
Relator
)
that
the
Mouths
of
those
Rivers
being
choakt
up
with
their
Sand-Banks
,
and
so
render'd
very
Shallow
;
when
the
great
Spring-Tydes
come
roaring
over
those
Shoals
(
at
the
New
and
Full-Moons
)
out
of
the
Malacca
Streights
,
the
first
Influx
is
Irresistible
,
by
such
small
Vessels
as
use
that
Port
,
(
especially
if
attended
with
dark
Weather
or
Stormy
Gusts
)
so
that
they
are
forc'd
to
Weigh
and
Bear
up
against
it
for
fear
of
being
Strandded
and
Split
.
In
which
Sentiment
I
rest
,
till
I
can
attain
a
more
prevalent
Reason
.
RELATION
IX
.
A
Gentleman
that
had
Travell'd
far
and
Observ'd
much
,
related
to
me
,
That
being
off
the
Coast
of
Mosambique
,
between
the
20th
and
last
Days
of
September
,
the
Captain
of
the
great
Portugal
Ship
they
were
in
,
walking
to
and
fro
upon
the
Deck
,
Spy'd
a
great
way
off
,
a
very
little
dark
Cloud
or
blackish
Spot
in
the
Sky
:
Whereupon
,
tho
the
Weather
were
fair
,
he
made
all
the
hast
he
possibly
could
to
provide
for
a
great
Storm
,
by
taking
in
the
Sails
,
&c.
And
thó
for
a
while
the
Sky
continu'd
clear
,
and
they
had
no
signs
of
an
imminent
Change
;
but
that
when
the
Cloud
approacht
,
the
Wind
that
had
till
then
fill'd
,
their
Sails
ceas'd
,
and
the
Sea
became
Calmer
than
before
:
But
presently
after
they
had
a
furious
Hurricane
,
which
turn'd
their
Ship
quite
round
many
times
one
after
another
,
as
if
it
were
an
Aerial
Whirl-pool
,
which
lasted
for
above
two
Hours
,
and
then
left
them
,
seeming
to
have
a
progressive
Motion
,
as
Whirl-pools
in
Rivers
often
have
.
RELATION
X.
An
Ingenious
Practitioner
of
Physick
,
accompany'd
by
one
of
the
same
Profession
,
assur'd
me
with
great
Asseveration
,
That
some
while
since
,
being
at
a
place
in
the
Country
near
Amsterdam
,
where
there
Liv'd
a
kind
of
a
Farmer
,
who
(
tho
Illiterate
enough
)
was
reputed
very
Curious
;
this
Person
shew'd
him
,
among
other
things
,
a
considerable
quantity
of
Quicksilver
that
was
altogether
of
the
Colour
of
Gold.
And
,
to
answer
my
scruple
,
this
Relator
added
,
that
the
Colour
did
not
belong
only
to
the
Surface
of
the
whole
Mass
;
but
having
purposely
(
with
Water
)
divided
it
into
many
Globules
,
each
of
them
retain'd
the
same
rich
Colour
.
And
he
further
told
me
,
That
the
possessor
of
this
yellow
Mercury
,
having
put
some
of
it
over
a
Fire
in
a
convenient
Vessel
,
it
quickly
lost
its
fludity
,
and
was
precipitated
into
a
red
Powder
;
about
which
he
hop'd
to
learn
some
notable
things
at
his
next
Visit
to
the
Author
:
But
that
having
been
too
long
delay'd
;
when
he
came
to
the
place
again
,
he
found
to
his
great
Grief
that
the
Master
was
Dead
,
and
his
Relations
were
,
or
pretended
to
be
,
ignorant
of
his
Secrets
.
A
very
Learned
and
Experienc'd
Physician
,
made
me
a
Visit
to
give
me
notice
,
that
a
few
Days
before
he
had
receiv'd
one
in
the
Night
from
a
couple
of
Strangers
,
one
of
whom
by
some
things
that
he
saw
him
do
,
he
judg'd
to
be
(
what
they
call
)
an
Adeptus
,
who
besides
a
thing
far
more
rare
and
valuable
,
shew'd
him
as
a
Curiosity
,
a
runing
Mercury
of
a
lovely
Green.
And
when
I
ask'd
my
judicious
Relator
,
whether
he
had
broken
the
fluid
Mass
into
Drops
,
to
observe
whether
the
Colour
were
that
only
of
the
Surface
,
or
of
the
whole
Mass
?
He
answer'd
,
that
he
purposely
laid
it
upon
a
rough
Body
,
as
a
Carpet
,
and
found
the
Globules
,
whereinto
't
was
by
this
Means
divided
,
to
be
of
the
same
fine
Green
that
had
beautify'd
the
whole
Mass
.
These
Relations
,
tho
they
had
come
to
me
from
less
Credible
Persons
than
those
I
receiv'd
them
from
,
I
should
not
hastily
have
rejected
,
because
of
some
odd
and
fine
Colorations
of
runing
Mercury
,
that
I
have
my self
Observ'd
,
but
here
forbear
to
mention
,
because
they
belong
to
another
Paper
.
FINIS
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div A28968-e900
*
This
refers
to
the
Manuscript
that
was
sent
to
Mr.
O.
and
is
left
to
shew
the
Intention
of
the
Author
.
Notes for div A28968-e1760
Lib.
7.
Cap.
7.
See
Exper.
10.
10
Cent.
12.
Decemb.
23.
Nov.
9.
89.
Notes for div A28968-e6960
This
Famous
Philosopher
in
his
little
Tract
,
whose
Title
some
render
de
Mirandis
Auditionibus
,
scrupled
not
to
comprise
without
Method
,
divers
Reports
,
uncertain
or
fabulous
,
nor
to
insert
several
that
were
not
so
cautiously
admitted
as
those
recited
in
the
following
.
Collection
.
Notes for div A28968-e7170
January
,
25.