







 
   
     
       
         The original and growth of printing collected out of history, and the records of this kingdome : wherein is also demonstrated, that printing appertaineth to the prerogative royal, and is a flower of the crown of England / by Richard Atkyns.
         Atkyns, Richard, 1615-1677.
      
       
         
           1664
        
      
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         A26139
         Wing A4135
         ESTC R22866
         12125456
         ocm 12125456
         54586
         
           
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         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 756:5)
      
       
         
           
             The original and growth of printing collected out of history, and the records of this kingdome : wherein is also demonstrated, that printing appertaineth to the prerogative royal, and is a flower of the crown of England / by Richard Atkyns.
             Atkyns, Richard, 1615-1677.
          
           [11], 24 p., 1 leaf of plates.
           
             Printed by John Streater for the author,
             London :
             1664.
          
           
             Includes bibliographical references.
             Dedication and Epistle to the Parliament signed: Richard Atkins.
             First published anonymously as a broadside, without date. BM gives date, 1660?
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Printing -- History -- Origin and antecedents.
           Printing -- England -- History.
        
      
    
     
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               PER
               ME
               REGES
               REGNANT
            
             
               IUSTITIA
               STABILITUR
               SOLIUM
            
             
               SCRIPTURA
               ET
               LEGES
               SUNT
               FUNDAMENTA
               CORONAE
            
             
               CEDANT
               ARMA
               TOGAE
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Original
           and
           Growth
           OF
           PRINTING
           :
           COLLECTED
           Out
           of
           HISTORY
           ,
           and
           the
           Records
           of
           this
           KINGDOME
           .
        
         
           Wherein
           is
           also
           Demonstrated
           ,
           That
           PRINTING
           appertaineth
           to
           the
           
             Prerogative
             Royal
          
           ;
           and
           is
           a
           Flower
           of
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           By
           RICHARD
           ATKYNS
           ,
           
             Esq
             ;
          
        
         
           White-Hall
           ,
           April
           the
           25
           th
           .
           1664.
           
        
         
           By
           Order
           and
           Appointment
           of
           the
           Right
           HONOURABLE
           ,
           Mr.
           Secretary
           MORICE
           ,
           Let
           this
           be
           Printed
           .
        
         
           THO
           :
           RYCHAUT
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           by
           
             JOHN
             STREATER
          
           ,
           for
           the
           AUTHOR
           ,
           MDCLXIV
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           KINGS
           MOST
           Excellent
           Maiesty
           .
        
         
           
             Most
             Gracious
             and
             Dread
             Soveraign
             ,
          
        
         
           THough
           I
           had
           the
           Honour
           to
           be
           very
           well
           known
           to
           His
           Majesty
           of
           ever
           Blessed
           Memory
           ,
           Your
           most
           Royall
           Father
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           a
           Sufferer
           in
           the
           loss
           of
           a
           considerable
           Estate
           ,
           for
           His
           most
           Just
           Cause
           ,
           yet
           I
           may
           not
           be
           so
           well
           known
           to
           Your
           Sacred
           Person
           :
           however
           ,
           the
           same
           Duty
           that
           moved
           Me
           ▪
           to
           fight
           for
           Him
           ,
           remains
           in
           Me
           to
           write
           for
           You
           ;
           not
           out
           of
           any
           Confidence
           in
           my
           Pen
           (
           for
           I
           am
           the
           first
           shall
           judge
           that
           my Self
           )
           but
           out
           of
           Conscience
           and
           Loyalty
           to
           my
           Soveraign
           ;
           for
           whose
           sake
           ,
           I
           resolve
           to
           hazard
           Censure
           ,
           rather
           than
           to
           be
           wanting
           in
           any
           Discovery
           ,
           that
           may
           tend
           to
           Your
           Majesties
           Interest
           ,
           and
           indubitate
           Right
           .
        
         
           The
           least
           loss
           of
           Power
           in
           a
           Magistrate
           ,
           is
           a
           great
           Detriment
           to
           his
           Government
           ,
           and
           an
           Advantage
           to
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           the
           least
           Creep-Window
           robs
           the
           whole
           House
           ;
           the
           least
           Errour
           in
           War
           not
           to
           be
           redeem'd
           ▪
           And
           as
           that
           ever
           Blessed
           late
           Martyr
           said
           (
           when
           He
           gave
           his
           Watch
           of
           Government
           ▪
           
           to
           be
           cleansed
           by
           the
           too-long
           Parliament
           )
           the
           least
           Pin
           of
           it
           being
           left
           out
           ,
           would
           cause
           a
           Discord
           in
           the
           whole
           :
           Therefore
           might
           Solomon
           well
           say
           ,
           
             Where
             the
             Word
             of
             a
             King
             is
             there
             is
             Power
             :
          
           The
           King
           and
           Power
           being
           Relatives
           .
        
         
           That
           Printing
           belongs
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           in
           Your
           publique
           and
           private
           Capacity
           ,
           as
           Supream
           Magistrate
           ,
           and
           as
           Proprietor
           ,
           I
           do
           with
           all
           boldness
           affirm
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           is
           a
           considerable
           Branch
           of
           the
           
             Regal
             Power
          
           ,
           will
           no
           Loyal
           Person
           deny
           :
           for
           it
           ties
           ,
           and
           unties
           the
           very
           Hearts
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           please
           the
           Author
           :
           If
           the
           Tongue
           ,
           that
           is
           but
           a
           little
           Member
           ,
           can
           set
           the
           Course
           of
           Nature
           on
           Fire
           ;
           how
           much
           more
           the
           Quill
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           a
           flying
           Nature
           in
           it self
           ▪
           and
           so
           Spiritual
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           in
           all
           Places
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ;
           and
           so
           Powerful
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           cunningly
           handled
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           the
           Peoples
           Deity
           .
        
         
           That
           this
           Power
           which
           is
           intire
           and
           inherent
           in
           Your
           Majesties
           Person
           ,
           and
           inseparable
           from
           Your
           Crown
           ,
           should
           be
           divided
           ,
           and
           divolve
           upon
           Your
           Officers
           (
           though
           never
           so
           great
           and
           good
           )
           may
           be
           of
           dangerous
           Consequence
           :
           You
           are
           the
           Head
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           Supream
           of
           the
           Law
           ;
           shall
           the
           Body
           govern
           the
           Head
           ?
           Men
           use
           to
           trust
           ,
           when
           they
           cannot
           avoid
           it
           ;
           but
           that
           there
           may
           be
           a
           Derivative
           and
           Ministerial
           Power
           in
           them
           ,
           with
           Appeal
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           I
           do
           with
           all
           Humility
           admit
           and
           propose
           .
        
         
           Printing
           is
           like
           a
           good
           Dish
           of
           Meat
           ,
           which
           moderately
           eaten
           of
           ,
           turns
           to
           the
           Nourishment
           and
           health
           of
           the
           Body
           ;
           but
           immoderately
           ,
           to
           Surfeits
           and
           Sicknesses
           :
           As
           the
           Vso
           
           is
           very
           necessary
           ,
           the
           Abuse
           is
           very
           dangerous
           :
           Cannot
           this
           Abuse
           be
           remedied
           any
           other
           way
           ,
           then
           by
           depriving
           Your
           Majesty
           of
           Your
           Antient
           and
           Just
           Power
           ?
           How
           were
           the
           Abuses
           taken
           away
           in
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           King
           James
           ,
           and
           the
           beginning
           of
           King
           Charles
           his
           time
           ,
           when
           few
           or
           no
           Scandals
           or
           Libels
           were
           stirring
           ?
           Was
           it
           not
           by
           Fining
           ,
           Imprisoning
           ,
           Seizing
           the
           Books
           ,
           and
           breaking
           the
           Presses
           of
           the
           Transgressors
           ,
           by
           Order
           of
           Councel-Board
           ?
           Was
           it
           not
           otherwise
           when
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           that
           Court
           was
           taken
           away
           by
           
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             17
             Car.
          
           If
           Princes
           cannot
           redress
           Abuses
           ,
           can
           less
           Men
           redress
           them
           ?
           I
           dare
           positively
           say
           ,
           the
           Liberty
           of
           the
           Press
           ,
           was
           the
           principal
           furthering
           Cause
           of
           the
           Confinement
           of
           Your
           most
           Royal
           Fathers
           Person
           :
           for
           ,
           after
           this
           Act
           ,
           every
           Male-content
           vented
           his
           Passion
           in
           Print
           ;
           Some
           against
           his
           Person
           ,
           some
           against
           his
           Government
           ,
           some
           against
           his
           Religion
           ,
           and
           some
           against
           his
           Parts
           :
           the
           Common
           People
           that
           before
           this
           Liberty
           believed
           even
           a
           Ballad
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           in
           Print
           ,
           greedily
           suckt
           in
           these
           Scandals
           ,
           especially
           being
           Authorized
           by
           a
           God
           of
           their
           own
           making
           :
           the
           Parliament
           finding
           the
           Faith
           of
           the
           
             Deceived
             People
          
           to
           be
           implicitely
           in
           them
           ,
           
             Printed
             the
             Remonstrance
             ,
             the
             Engagement
             to
             live
             and
             dye
             with
             the
             Earl
             of
          
           Essex
           ,
           
             the
             Covenant
          
           ,
           &c.
           and
           so
           totally
           possest
           the
           Press
           that
           the
           King
           could
           not
           be
           heard
           :
           By
           this
           means
           the
           
             Common
             People
          
           became
           not
           onely
           Statists
           ,
           but
           Parties
           in
           the
           Parliaments
           Cause
           ,
           hearing
           but
           one
           side
           ▪
           and
           then
           Words
           begat
           Blows
           :
           for
           though
           Words
           of
           themselves
           are
           too
           weak
           Instruments
           to
           
             Kill
             a
             Man
          
           ;
           yet
           they
           can
           direct
           how
           ,
           and
           when
           ,
           and
           what
           Men
           shall
           be
           killed
           :
           In
           the
           Statute
           
           of
           
             21
             Jac.
          
           Printing
           keeps
           very
           ▪
           able
           Company
           ▪
           as
           
             Salt-Peter
             ,
             Gun-Powder
             ,
             Ordnance
          
           ,
           &c.
           all
           which
           are
           Exempted
           from
           being
           Monopolies
           .
        
         
           Not
           to
           be
           longer
           tedious
           ,
           I
           too
           much
           fear
           ,
           this
           late
           Act
           for
           two
           years
           compleats
           all
           the
           former
           Concessions
           of
           the
           late
           King
           :
           I
           know
           it
           was
           done
           in
           hast
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           good
           Intent
           ;
           but
           by
           Your
           Majesties
           Gracious
           Leave
           and
           Pardon
           ,
           even
           then
           very
           considerable
           Persons
           in
           Your
           
             House
             of
             Commons
          
           ,
           were
           of
           Opinion
           they
           had
           nothing
           to
           do
           with
           it
           ,
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Press
           being
           so
           wholly
           in
           Your
           Majesty
           .
           Indeed
           ,
           Necessity
           that
           hath
           no
           Law
           ,
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           this
           Law
           ,
           viz.
           to
           hinder
           the
           Growth
           of
           Scandalous
           Books
           and
           Pamphlets
           ;
           but
           it
           hath
           fallen
           very
           short
           of
           the
           End
           :
           for
           few
           or
           none
           ,
           of
           many
           Printed
           ,
           have
           bin
           brought
           in
           by
           the
           Stationers
           .
           I
           have
           now
           discharged
           my
           Duty
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           if
           I
           find
           I
           have
           so
           far
           prevailed
           upon
           Your
           Royall
           Goodness
           ,
           as
           to
           ask
           unconcern'd
           Councel
           what
           is
           best
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           I
           have
           my
           End
           ;
           I
           hope
           Your
           Majesty
           will
           have
           the
           Advantage
           .
           So
           prayeth
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Sacred
             Majesties
             most
             Humble
             Servant
             ,
             and
             most
             obedient
             Subject
             ,
             RICHARD
             ATKINS
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           The
           Right
           Honourable
           ,
           THE
           LORDS
           ▪
           AND
           TO
           The
           Honourable
           ,
           THE
           COMMONS
           ASSEMBLED
           IN
           PARLIAMENT
           .
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             your
             Honours
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Have
           ever
           better
           understood
           mine
           own
           Disabilities
           ,
           then
           to
           desire
           to
           appear
           in
           Print
           ,
           where
           the
           Author
           stands
           as
           a
           Butt
           to
           be
           shot
           at
           ,
           by
           the
           sharp
           Arrows
           of
           every
           busie
           Critick
           ,
           and
           runs
           a
           most
           certain
           hazard
           ,
           and
           most
           uncertain
           Benefit
           :
           But
           having
           been
           above
           twenty
           three
           years
           in
           Chancery
           ,
           and
           other
           Courts
           of
           Justice
           ;
           and
           spent
           more
           
           then
           One
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           in
           vindicating
           the
           Kings
           Grant
           of
           Printing
           the
           Common
           Laws
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           His
           Lawful
           Power
           to
           grant
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           kept
           His
           Title
           alive
           even
           in
           the
           worst
           of
           Times
           (
           when
           't
           was
           reputed
           unlawful
           ,
           because
           the
           Kings
           ▪
           )
           I
           cannot
           refrain
           from
           defending
           it
           ,
           now
           the
           King
           is
           ,
           or
           ought
           to
           be
           ,
           restored
           to
           His
           Rights
           again
           ;
           especially
           since
           all
           Persons
           are
           invited
           by
           Order
           to
           speak
           their
           Minds
           freely
           concerning
           this
           Subject
           :
           So
           that
           there
           is
           a
           Necessity
           upon
           me
           to
           speak
           now
           ,
           or
           for
           ever
           hereafter
           to
           hold
           my
           Peace
           ;
           this
           being
           probably
           the
           last
           time
           of
           Asking
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           not
           unknown
           to
           every
           Member
           of
           each
           House
           ,
           how
           little
           Benefit
           hath
           accrued
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           the
           late
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           for
           two
           years
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             An
             ACT
             for
             preventing
             the
             frequent
             Abuses
             in
             Printing
             Seditious
             ,
             Treasonable
             ,
             and
             Unlicensed
             Books
             and
             Pamphlets
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           Which
           Act
           determines
           June
           next
           :
           Nor
           can
           it
           be
           thought
           ,
           but
           that
           there
           is
           cause
           enough
           for
           another
           Act
           to
           take
           place
           ,
           when
           this
           is
           expired
           .
           The
           Reason
           why
           this
           present
           Act
           hath
           operated
           so
           little
           is
           most
           apparent
           ;
           because
           the
           Executive
           Power
           is
           plac'd
           in
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           who
           onely
           can
           offend
           ,
           and
           whose
           Interest
           it
           is
           to
           do
           so
           :
           They
           are
           both
           Parties
           and
           Judges
           ,
           and
           't
           were
           a
           high
           Point
           of
           Self-denial
           for
           Men
           to
           punish
           themselves
           :
           But
           they
           will
           wipe
           their
           Mouthes
           with
           Solomon's
           Harlot
           ,
           and
           take
           it
           very
           unkindly
           ,
           if
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           a
           greater
           Power
           be
           not
           continued
           to
           them
           in
           the
           next
           Act
           to
           be
           made
           :
           They
           will
           promise
           as
           fair
           as
           the
           Long
           Parliament
           did
           to
           the
           late
           King
           
             (
             to
             make
             Him
             a
             Glorious
             King
             )
          
           and
           perform
           it
           as
           certainly
           as
           they
           did
           too
           .
        
         
           Jugglers
           seldome
           shew
           the
           same
           Trick
           twice
           together
           ;
           and
           the
           Italian
           Proverb
           is
           ,
           
             If
             a
             man
             deceive
             me
             once
             ,
             't
             is
             his
             fault
             ;
             if
             twice
             ,
             it
             is
             mine
             own
             :
          
           That
           the
           Great
           Councel
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           should
           further
           trust
           those
           that
           have
           deceived
           them
           already
           ,
           and
           believe
           fair
           Pretences
           ,
           contrary
           to
           Reason
           and
           Practice
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           sad
           Fate
           upon
           Us
           all
           ;
           when
           wofull
           Experience
           tells
           Us
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           King
           be
           taken
           from
           being
           Head
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           there
           will
           not
           want
           a
           Law
           to
           take
           off
           His
           Head
           in
           a
           short
           time
           .
        
         
           There
           were
           a
           sort
           of
           People
           in
           King
           David's
           time
           ,
           which
           imagined
           Mischief
           as
           a
           Law
           ;
           as
           in
           the
           late
           King's
           time
           ,
           that
           practised
           Mischief
           by
           a
           Law
           :
           Which
           might
           incline
           the
           Parliament
           to
           frame
           a
           strict
           Law
           against
           this
           kind
           of
           Mischief
           .
           But
           I
           hope
           the
           King's
           Mercy
           in
           forgivin
           such
           ,
           (
           by
           which
           He
           imitates
           His
           Maker
           )
           will
           find
           so
           hearty
           a
           Conversion
           ,
           that
           Ingratitude
           shall
           never
           joyn
           with
           Rebellion
           ,
           to
           provoke
           a
           Tyrannical
           Government
           
           over
           this
           Kingdom
           :
           such
           Men
           (
           if
           I
           may
           so
           call
           them
           )
           are
           worse
           then
           the
           Gentiles
           ,
           of
           whom
           St.
           Paul
           saith
           ,
           
             That
             having
             not
             the
             Law
             ,
             and
             doing
             by
             Nature
             the
             things
             contained
             in
             the
             Law
             ,
             are
             a
             Law
             unto
             themselves
             ,
             which
             shew
             the
             Law
             written
             in
             their
             Hearts
          
           ;
           nay
           ,
           worse
           then
           Beasts
           ,
           who
           by
           Nature
           observe
           a
           Law
           amongst
           themselves
           .
        
         
           Shall
           Sense
           and
           Reason
           alone
           teach
           Creatures
           willingly
           to
           confine
           themselves
           to
           certain
           Rules
           for
           the
           Common
           Good
           ,
           and
           shall
           Professors
           of
           Christianity
           break
           them
           ?
           Shall
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           command
           Men
           to
           be
           free
           from
           offending
           ;
           and
           shall
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           be
           thought
           to
           command
           them
           to
           be
           free
           to
           offend
           ?
           Let
           not
           our
           too-near
           Neighbours
           the
           Turks
           have
           that
           Advantage
           against
           Us.
           But
           whilest
           I
           declaim
           against
           others
           for
           breaking
           their
           Bounds
           ,
           I
           may
           be
           thought
           guilty
           of
           committing
           the
           same
           Errour
           myself
           ;
           I
           shall
           therefore
           most
           humbly
           beg
           your
           Honours
           Pardon
           ,
           and
           rest
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Honours
             Most
             Humble
             ,
             and
             Faithful
             Servant
             ,
             RICHARD
             ATKINS
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           Originall
           and
           Grovvth
           OF
           PRINTING
           .
        
         
           REASON
           is
           the
           great
           Distinction
           between
           Man
           and
           Beast
           ;
           Gusman
           calls
           the
           Man
           of
           most
           Knowledg
           ,
           
             A
             God
             amongst
             Men.
          
           And
           Bishop
           Hall
           divides
           the
           whole
           Duty
           of
           Man
           into
           Knowledg
           and
           Practice
           .
           In
           the
           Infancy
           of
           the
           World
           (
           especially
           before
           the
           Sealing
           of
           the
           Scripture-Canon
           )
           God
           Revealed
           himself
           and
           his
           Will
           frequently
           ,
           either
           Vocally
           by
           himself
           ,
           as
           to
           Moses
           in
           the
           Mount
           ;
           or
           else
           by
           divers
           and
           sundry
           other
           manners
           ,
           As
           by
           Dreams
           ,
           Visions
           ,
           Prophecies
           ,
           Extasies
           ,
           Oracles
           ,
           and
           other
           Supernatural
           means
           :
           Nor
           will
           I
           Blow
           up
           the
           Humours
           of
           these
           Times
           so
           high
           ,
           as
           to
           Confine
           these
           his
           Miraculous
           Revelations
           to
           Gods
           People
           onely
           (
           though
           to
           them
           most
           frequently
           
           and
           especially
           )
           ,
           but
           sometimes
           also
           to
           Hypocrites
           within
           the
           Church
           ,
           as
           to
           Saul
           and
           others
           ;
           yea
           and
           sometimes
           even
           to
           Infidels
           ,
           as
           to
           
             Pharaoh
             ,
             Balaam
             ,
             Nebuchadnezzar
             ,
             Abimelech
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           But
           since
           the
           Writings
           of
           the
           Prophets
           and
           Apostles
           ,
           (
           commonly
           called
           the
           Scriptures
           )
           And
           that
           the
           Christian
           Church
           by
           the
           Preaching
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           is
           become
           Oecumenical
           ,
           Dreams
           and
           other
           Supernaturall
           Revelations
           ,
           as
           also
           other
           things
           of
           like
           nature
           as
           Miracles
           ,
           have
           ceased
           to
           be
           of
           ordinary
           and
           familiar
           use
           ;
           So
           as
           now
           we
           ought
           rather
           to
           suspect
           Delusion
           in
           them
           ,
           than
           ●o
           expect
           Direction
           from
           them
           :
           Yet
           God
           hath
           no
           where
           abridged
           or
           Limited
           himself
           from
           these
           supernatural
           wayes
           of
           Revealing
           
           his
           Will
           ,
           in
           case
           his
           Written
           Word
           should
           be
           taken
           from
           us
           ,
           or
           we
           from
           it
           :
           But
           we
           of
           this
           Latter
           Age
           have
           all
           these
           so
           Lively
           represented
           to
           our
           View
           ,
           by
           the
           benefit
           of
           Printing
           ,
           
           as
           if
           we
           our selves
           were
           personally
           present
           :
           For
           Printing
           is
           of
           so
           Divine
           a
           Nature
           ,
           that
           it
           makes
           a
           Thousand
           years
           but
           as
           yesterday
           ,
           by
           Prèsenting
           to
           our
           View
           things
           done
           so
           long
           before
           ;
           and
           so
           Spirituall
           withall
           ,
           that
           it
           flyes
           into
           all
           parts
           parts
           of
           the
           World
           without
           Weariness
           .
           Finally
           ,
           't
           is
           so
           great
           a
           Friend
           to
           the
           Schollar
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           make
           himself
           Master
           of
           any
           Art
           or
           Science
           that
           hath
           been
           treated
           of
           for
           2000
           years
           before
           ,
           in
           lesse
           than
           two
           years
           time
           .
           But
           Virtue
           it self
           will
           not
           want
           Opposers
           ,
           and
           Philosophy
           is
           ever
           odious
           to
           ignorant
           Ears
           :
           Nay
           ,
           there
           are
           a
           sort
           of
           People
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           that
           account
           Ignorance
           the
           Mother
           of
           Devotion
           ,
           and
           therefore
           out
           of
           Conscience
           would
           not
           have
           even
           the
           Scriptures
           Printed
           in
           the
           Mother
           Tongue
           :
           But
           I
           shall
           not
           go
           out
           of
           my
           own
           Way
           ,
           to
           bring
           them
           unto
           it
           ,
           further
           than
           by
           defending
           the
           Theame
           I
           have
           in
           hand
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           time
           of
           bringing
           this
           Excellent
           ART
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           by
           whose
           Expence
           and
           Procurement
           it
           was
           
           brought
           ;
           Modern
           Writers
           of
           good
           Reputation
           do
           most
           erroniously
           agree
           together
           .
           Mr.
           Stowe
           in
           his
           Survey
           of
           London
           ,
           speaking
           of
           the
           37th
           year
           of
           King
           Henry
           the
           Sixth
           his
           Reign
           ,
           which
           was
           
             Anno
             Dom.
          
           1459.
           saith
           ,
           That
           the
           Noble
           Science
           of
           PRINTING
           was
           about
           this
           time
           found
           in
           Germany
           at
           Magunce
           by
           one
           
             John
             Cuthenbergus
          
           a
           Knight
           ,
           And
           that
           
           
             William
             Caxton
          
           of
           London
           ,
           Mercer
           ,
           brought
           it
           into
           England
           about
           the
           Year
           1471.
           
           And
           first
           practised
           the
           same
           in
           the
           Abby
           of
           St.
           Peter
           at
           Westminster
           ;
           With
           whom
           Sir
           
             Richard
             Baker
          
           in
           
           his
           Chronicle
           agrees
           throughout
           .
           And
           Mr.
           Howell
           in
           his
           
             Historicall
             Discourse
          
           of
           London
           and
           Westminster
           ,
           agrees
           with
           both
           the
           former
           in
           the
           Time
           ,
           Person
           ,
           and
           Place
           in
           generall
           ;
           but
           more
           particularly
           declares
           the
           Place
           in
           Westminster
           to
           be
           the
           
           Almory
           there
           ;
           And
           that
           Islip
           Abbot
           of
           Westminster
           set
           up
           the
           first
           Press
           of
           Book
           Printing
           that
           ever
           was
           in
           England
           .
           These
           three
           famous
           Historians
           having
           fill'd
           the
           World
           with
           the
           supposed
           truth
           of
           this
           Assertion
           ,
           (
           Although
           possibly
           it
           
           might
           arise
           through
           the
           mistake
           of
           the
           first
           Writer
           only
           ,
           whose
           Memory
           I
           perfectly
           honour
           )
           makes
           it
           the
           harder
           Task
           upon
           me
           to
           undeceive
           the
           World
           again
           :
           Nor
           wouldI
           undertake
           this
           Work
           ,
           but
           under
           a
           double
           notion
           ;
           As
           I
           am
           a
           Friend
           to
           Truth
           ,
           and
           so
           it
           is
           unfit
           to
           suffer
           one
           Man
           to
           be
           intituled
           to
           the
           worthy
           Atchievements
           of
           another
           .
           And
           as
           a
           Friend
           to
           my self
           ,
           not
           to
           lose
           one
           of
           my
           best
           Arguments
           of
           Intituling
           the
           King
           to
           this
           ART
           in
           his
           Private
           Capacity
           .
        
         
           Historians
           must
           of
           necessity
           take
           many
           things
           upon
           trust
           ,
           they
           cannot
           with
           their
           own
           but
           with
           the
           Eyes
           of
           others
           see
           what
           things
           were
           done
           before
           they
           themselves
           were
           ,
           
             Bernardus
             non
             vidit
             omnia
          
           ;
           'T
           is
           not
           then
           impossible
           they
           should
           mistake
           .
           I
           shall
           now
           make
           it
           appear
           they
           have
           done
           so
           ,
           from
           their
           Own
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           from
           other
           Arguments
           :
           Mr.
           Stowe
           his
           Expressions
           are
           very
           dubious
           ,
           and
           the
           matter
           exprest
           very
           Improbable
           ;
           He
           saith
           PRINTING
           was
           found
           in
           Magunce
           ,
           which
           presupposes
           it
           was
           practised
           some
           where
           else
           before
           ,
           and
           lost
           :
           And
           further
           ,
           That
           't
           was
           found
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           Henry
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           
             Anno
             Dom.
          
           1459.
           and
           not
           brought
           into
           England
           till
           Eleven
           years
           in
           the
           succeeding
           Reign
           of
           Edward
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           being
           12
           years
           after
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           lost
           again
           .
           If
           this
           be
           true
           ,
           there
           was
           as
           little
           Rarity
           as
           Expedition
           in
           obtaining
           it
           ,
           the
           age
           of
           12
           years
           time
           having
           intervened
           ,
           and
           so
           indeed
           it
           might
           be
           the
           Act
           of
           a
           Mercer
           rather
           than
           a
           more
           eminent
           Person
           :
           But
           when
           I
           consider
           what
           great
           advantage
           the
           Kingdome
           in
           general
           receives
           by
           it
           ,
           I
           could
           not
           but
           think
           a
           Publique
           Person
           and
           a
           Publique
           Purse
           must
           needs
           be
           concerned
           in
           so
           publique
           a
           Good.
           The
           more
           I
           Considered
           of
           this
           ,
           the
           more
           inquisitive
           I
           was
           to
           find
           out
           the
           truth
           of
           it
           :
           At
           last
           ,
           a
           Book
           came
           to
           my
           hands
           Printed
           at
           
             Oxon.
             Anno
             Dom.
          
           1468.
           which
           was
           three
           years
           before
           any
           of
           the
           recited
           Authours
           would
           allow
           it
           to
           be
           in
           England
           ;
           which
           gave
           me
           some
           reward
           for
           my
           Curiosity
           ,
           and
           encouragement
           to
           proceed
           further
           :
           And
           in
           prosecution
           of
           this
           Discovery
           ,
           the
           same
           most
           worthy
           Person
           who
           trusted
           me
           with
           the
           aforesaid
           Book
           ,
           did
           also
           present
           me
           with
           the
           Copy
           of
           a
           Record
           and
           Manuscript
           in
           Lambeth-House
           ,
           heretofore
           in
           his
           Custody
           ,
           belonging
           
           to
           the
           See
           (
           and
           not
           to
           any
           particular
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Canterbury
           )
           the
           Substance
           whereof
           was
           this
           ,
           (
           though
           I
           hope
           ,
           for
           publique
           satisfaction
           ,
           the
           Record
           it self
           ,
           in
           its
           due
           time
           ,
           will
           appear
           .
           )
        
         
           
             Thomas
             Bourchier
          
           ,
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           moved
           the
           then
           King
           
             (
             Hen.
          
           the
           6th
           )
           to
           use
           all
           possible
           means
           for
           procuring
           a
           Printing-Mold
           (
           for
           so
           't
           was
           there
           called
           )
           to
           be
           brought
           into
           this
           Kingdom
           ;
           the
           King
           (
           a
           good
           Man
           ,
           and
           much
           given
           to
           Works
           of
           this
           Nature
           )
           readily
           hearkned
           to
           the
           Motion
           ;
           and
           taking
           private
           Advice
           ,
           how
           to
           effect
           His
           Design
           ,
           concluded
           it
           could
           not
           be
           brought
           about
           without
           great
           Secrecy
           ,
           and
           a
           considerable
           Sum
           of
           Money
           given
           to
           such
           Person
           or
           Persons
           ,
           as
           would
           draw
           off
           some
           of
           the
           Work-men
           from
           Harlein
           in
           Holland
           ,
           where
           
             John
             Cuthenberg
          
           had
           newly
           invented
           it
           ,
           and
           was
           himself
           personally
           at
           Work
           :
           'T
           was
           resolv'd
           ,
           that
           less
           then
           one
           Thousand
           Marks
           would
           not
           produce
           the
           desir'd
           Effect
           :
           Towards
           which
           Sum
           ,
           the
           said
           Arch-Bishop
           presented
           the
           King
           with
           Three
           Hundred
           Marks
           .
           The
           Money
           being
           now
           prepared
           ,
           the
           Management
           of
           the
           Design
           was
           committed
           to
           Mr.
           
             Robert
             TurnoUr
          
           ,
           who
           then
           was
           of
           the
           Roabs
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           a
           Person
           most
           in
           Favour
           with
           Him
           ,
           of
           any
           of
           his
           Condition
           :
           Mr.
           Turnour
           took
           to
           his
           Assistance
           Mr.
           Caxton
           ,
           a
           Citizen
           of
           good
           Abilities
           ,
           who
           Trading
           much
           into
           Holland
           ,
           might
           be
           a
           Creditable
           Pretence
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           his
           going
           ,
           as
           stay
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           :
           Mr.
           Turnour
           was
           in
           Disguise
           (
           his
           Beard
           and
           Hair
           shaven
           quite
           off
           )
           but
           Mr.
           Caxton
           appeared
           known
           and
           publique
           .
           They
           having
           received
           the
           said
           Sum
           of
           One
           Thousand
           Marks
           ,
           went
           first
           to
           Amsterdam
           ,
           then
           to
           Leyden
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           enter
           Harlein
           it self
           ;
           for
           the
           Town
           was
           very
           jealous
           ,
           having
           imprisoned
           and
           apprehended
           divers
           Persons
           ,
           who
           came
           from
           other
           Parts
           for
           the
           same
           purpose
           :
           They
           staid
           till
           they
           had
           spent
           the
           whole
           One
           Thousand
           Marks
           in
           Gifts
           and
           Expences
           ▪
           So
           as
           the
           King
           was
           fain
           to
           send
           Five
           Hundred
           Marks
           more
           ,
           Mr.
           Turnour
           having
           written
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           almost
           done
           his
           Work
           ;
           a
           Bargain
           (
           as
           he
           said
           )
           being
           struck
           betwixt
           him
           and
           two
           Hollanders
           ,
           for
           bringing
           off
           one
           of
           the
           Work-men
           ,
           who
           should
           sufficiently
           discover
           and
           teach
           
           this
           New
           Art
           :
           At
           last
           ,
           with
           much
           ado
           ,
           they
           got
           off
           one
           of
           the
           Under-Workmen
           ,
           whose
           Name
           was
           
             Frederick
             Corsells
          
           (
           or
           rather
           Corsellis
           )
           who
           late
           one
           Night
           stole
           from
           his
           Fellows
           in
           Disguise
           ,
           into
           a
           Vessel
           prepared
           before
           for
           that
           purpose
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           Wind
           (
           favouring
           the
           Design
           )
           brought
           him
           safe
           to
           London
           .
        
         
           'T
           was
           not
           thought
           so
           prudent
           ,
           to
           set
           him
           on
           Work
           at
           London
           ,
           (
           but
           by
           the
           Arch-Bishops
           meanes
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           Vice-Chancellor
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           Chancellor
           of
           the
           University
           of
           
             Oxon
             )
             Corsellis
          
           was
           carryed
           with
           a
           Guard
           to
           Oxon
           ;
           which
           Guard
           constantly
           watch'd
           ,
           to
           prevent
           Corsellis
           from
           any
           possible
           Escape
           ,
           till
           he
           had
           made
           good
           his
           Promise
           ,
           in
           teaching
           how
           to
           Print
           :
           So
           that
           at
           Oxford
           Printing
           was
           first
           set
           up
           
           in
           England
           ,
           which
           was
           before
           there
           was
           any
           Printing-Press
           ,
           or
           Printer
           ,
           in
           
             France
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             Italy
          
           ,
           or
           Germany
           ,
           (
           except
           the
           City
           of
           Mentz
           )
           which
           claimes
           Seniority
           ,
           as
           to
           Printing
           ,
           even
           of
           Harlein
           it self
           ,
           calling
           her
           City
           ,
           
             Urbem
             Maguntinam
             Artis
             Tipographicae
             Inventricem
             primam
             ,
          
           though
           't
           is
           known
           to
           be
           otherwise
           ,
           that
           City
           gaining
           that
           Art
           by
           the
           Brother
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Workmen
           of
           Harlem
           ,
           who
           had
           learnt
           it
           at
           Home
           of
           his
           Brother
           ,
           and
           after
           set
           up
           for
           himself
           at
           Mentz
           .
        
         
           This
           Press
           at
           Oxon
           was
           at
           least
           ten
           years
           before
           there
           was
           any
           Printing
           in
           Europe
           (
           except
           at
           Harlein
           ,
           and
           Mentz
           )
           where
           also
           it
           was
           but
           new
           born
           .
           This
           Press
           at
           Oxford
           ,
           was
           afterwards
           found
           inconvenient
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           sole
           Printing-place
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           being
           too
           far
           from
           London
           ,
           and
           the
           Sea
           :
           Whereupon
           the
           King
           set
           up
           a
           Press
           at
           St.
           Allans
           ,
           and
           another
           in
           the
           Abby
           of
           Westminster
           ,
           where
           they
           Printed
           several
           Bookes
           of
           Divinity
           and
           Physick
           ,
           (
           for
           the
           King
           ,
           for
           Reasons
           best
           known
           
           to
           himself
           and
           Council
           )
           permitted
           then
           no
           Law-Books
           to
           be
           Printed
           ;
           nor
           did
           any
           Printer
           exercise
           that
           ART
           ,
           but
           onely
           such
           as
           were
           the
           Kings
           sworn
           Servants
           ;
           the
           King
           himself
           having
           the
           Price
           and
           Emolument
           for
           Printing
           Books
           .
        
         
           Printing
           thus
           brought
           into
           England
           ,
           was
           most
           Graciously
           received
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           most
           cordially
           entertained
           by
           the
           
           Church
           ,
           the
           Printers
           having
           the
           Honour
           to
           be
           sworn
           the
           
           King's
           Servants
           ,
           and
           the
           Favour
           to
           Lodge
           in
           the
           very
           Bosome
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           as
           in
           Westminster
           ,
           St.
           
             Albans
             ,
             Oxon
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           By
           this
           meanes
           the
           ART
           grew
           so
           famous
           ,
           that
           
             Anno
             prim
             .
             Rich.
          
           3.
           cap.
           9.
           when
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           was
           made
           for
           Restraint
           of
           Aliens
           ,
           from
           using
           any
           Handicrafts
           here
           (
           except
           as
           Servants
           to
           Natives
           )
           a
           special
           Provisoe
           was
           inserted
           ,
           that
           Strangers
           might
           bring
           in
           Printed
           or
           Written
           Books
           ,
           to
           sell
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           Exercise
           the
           ART
           of
           Printing
           here
           ,
           notwithstanding
           that
           Act
           :
           So
           that
           in
           the
           space
           of
           40
           or
           50
           years
           ,
           by
           the
           especial
           Industry
           and
           Indulgence
           of
           Edw.
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           Edw.
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           Rich.
           the
           Third
           ,
           Henry
           the
           Seventh
           ,
           and
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           the
           English
           prov'd
           so
           good
           Proficients
           in
           Printing
           ,
           and
           grew
           so
           numerous
           ,
           as
           to
           furnish
           the
           Kingdome
           with
           Books
           ;
           and
           so
           Skilfull
           ,
           as
           to
           print
           them
           as
           well
           as
           any
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Act
           of
           the
           25
           Hen.
           8.
           cap.
           15.
           which
           Abrogates
           the
           said
           Provisoc
           for
           that
           Reason
           .
           And
           it
           was
           further
           Enacted
           in
           the
           said
           Statute
           ,
           That
           if
           any
           person
           bought
           Forreign
           Books
           bound
           ,
           he
           should
           pay
           6
           s.
           8
           
             d.
             per
          
           Book
           .
           And
           it
           was
           further
           Provided
           and
           Enacted
           ,
           That
           in
           
           case
           the
           said
           Printers
           and
           Sellers
           of
           Books
           ,
           were
           unreasonable
           in
           their
           prices
           ,
           they
           should
           be
           moderated
           by
           the
           Lord
           Chancellor
           ,
           Lord
           Treasurer
           ,
           the
           two
           Lord
           Chief
           Justices
           ,
           or
           any
           two
           of
           them
           ,
           who
           also
           had
           power
           to
           Fine
           them
           3
           s.
           4
           d.
           for
           every
           Book
           whose
           price
           shall
           be
           enhanced
           .
        
         
           Thus
           was
           the
           ART
           of
           Printing
           ,
           in
           its
           Infancy
           ,
           Nursed
           up
           by
           the
           Nursing
           Father
           of
           us
           all
           ,
           and
           in
           its
           riper
           Age
           brought
           up
           in
           Monasteries
           of
           greatest
           Accompt
           ;
           and
           yet
           were
           the
           Instruments
           thereof
           restrained
           from
           the
           Evil
           of
           enhancing
           the
           prices
           of
           Books
           ,
           to
           the
           Detriment
           of
           their
           Fellow-Subjects
           ,
           by
           the
           Authority
           aforesaid
           .
           While
           they
           had
           this
           Check
           upon
           them
           ,
           they
           were
           not
           only
           Servants
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           but
           Friends
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           But
           when
           they
           were
           by
           Charter
           Concorporated
           with
           
             Book-Binders
             ,
             Book-Sellers
          
           ,
           and
           Founders
           of
           Letters
           ,
           3
           and
           4
           Phil.
           and
           Mary
           ,
           and
           called
           the
           
             Company
             of
             Stationers
          
           ,
           the
           Body
           forgot
           the
           Head
           ,
           and
           by
           degrees
           ,
           (
           breaking
           the
           Reines
           of
           Government
           )
           they
           kickt
           against
           the
           Power
           that
           
           gave
           them
           Life
           :
           And
           whereas
           before
           they
           Printed
           nothing
           but
           by
           the
           Kings
           especiall
           Leave
           and
           Command
           ,
           they
           now
           (
           being
           free
           )
           set
           up
           for
           themselves
           to
           print
           what
           they
           could
           get
           most
           Money
           by
           ;
           and
           taking
           the
           Advantage
           of
           those
           Virtiginous
           Times
           ,
           of
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           Henry
           the
           8.
           
           Edward
           the
           6.
           and
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           they
           fill'd
           the
           Kingdom
           with
           so
           many
           Books
           ,
           and
           the
           Brains
           of
           the
           People
           with
           so
           many
           contrary
           Opinions
           ,
           that
           these
           Paper-pellets
           became
           as
           dangerous
           as
           Bullets
           ,
           to
           verifie
           that
           Saying
           of
           
             Tertullian
             ,
             That
             Lawyers
             Gowns
             hurt
             the
             Common-wealth
             as
             much
             as
             Souldiers
             Helmets
             .
          
           Thus
           was
           this
           excellent
           and
           desireable
           ART
           ,
           within
           less
           than
           one
           hundred
           years
           ,
           so
           totally
           vitiated
           ,
           that
           whereas
           they
           were
           before
           the
           King's
           Printers
           and
           Servants
           ,
           they
           now
           grew
           so
           poor
           ,
           so
           numerous
           ,
           and
           contemptible
           ,
           by
           being
           Concorporated
           ,
           that
           they
           turn'd
           this
           famous
           ART
           into
           a
           Mechanick
           Trade
           for
           a
           Livelyhood
           .
        
         
           
           
             But
             here
             I
             must
             break
             off
             (
             though
             abruptly
             )
             and
             answer
             an
             Objection
             ;
             for
             methinks
             I
             hear
             the
          
           Critick
           say
           ,
           How
           can
           that
           be
           a
           Mechanick
           Trade
           now
           ,
           that
           the
           Author
           allowes
           to
           be
           a
           famous
           Art
           heretofore
           ,
           being
           alwayes
           one
           and
           the
           same
           thing
           ?
        
         
           The
           Matter
           of
           which
           before
           I
           answer
           ,
           I
           must
           crave
           leave
           to
           give
           you
           the
           signification
           of
           the
           Word
           Mechanick
           ;
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           the
           several
           sorts
           of
           Trades
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           are
           Composed
           (
           and
           more
           particularly
           the
           Book-Sellers
           who
           say
           they
           are
           of
           no
           Manufacture
           )
           do
           peremptorily
           deny
           themselves
           to
           be
           Mechanicks
           .
        
         
           
           The
           Word
           Mechanicus
           ,
           which
           signifies
           a
           Handicrafts-man
           ,
           doth
           in
           the
           strict
           Sense
           comprehend
           
             Printers
             ,
             Founders
             of
             Letters
          
           ,
           and
           Book-Binders
           ;
           And
           I
           believe
           ,
           in
           the
           large
           Sense
           ,
           all
           Trades-men
           whatsoever
           :
           But
           if
           that
           be
           deficient
           ,
           let
           us
           go
           to
           the
           Original
           Greek
           Word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           which
           signifies
           ,
           a
           
             Cunning
             Contrivance
          
           of
           the
           Head
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Hand
           ;
           and
           this
           will
           
           certainly
           take
           in
           all
           Trades
           ,
           for
           as
           much
           as
           there
           is
           Cunning
           in
           all
           Trades
           :
           But
           if
           it
           should
           miss
           any
           ,
           yet
           it
           cannot
           fail
           of
           the
           
             Company
             of
             Stationers
          
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           denominated
           a
           Mystery
           ,
           
           and
           there
           the
           strict
           signification
           of
           the
           Word
           comes
           in
           again
           .
        
         
           
             Now
             for
             the
             matter
             of
             the
             Objection
             ,
          
           That
           a
           Famous
           ART
           cannot
           be
           a
           Mechannick
           Trade
           .
        
         
           
           I
           Answer
           ,
           This
           is
           so
           far
           from
           being
           true
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           in
           Nature
           but
           is
           good
           or
           bad
           according
           as
           't
           is
           us'd
           ;
           for
           the
           great
           Creator
           of
           all
           things
           made
           nothing
           to
           no
           purpose
           ;
           even
           Meat
           and
           Drink
           (
           without
           which
           we
           cannot
           live
           )
           if
           abus'd
           ,
           destroyes
           life
           ;
           Twenty
           dye
           of
           Surfets
           ,
           for
           one
           that
           is
           starved
           for
           want
           of
           Meat
           .
           But
           to
           give
           you
           an
           instance
           
             ad
             idem
          
           :
        
         
           
           Musick
           is
           not
           onely
           an
           Art
           ,
           but
           one
           of
           the
           Liberall
           Arts
           practised
           by
           Princes
           themselves
           ,
           and
           made
           instrumentall
           to
           the
           Glory
           of
           God
           ;
           yet
           what
           Trade
           is
           there
           more
           despicable
           in
           the
           World
           both
           in
           Name
           and
           Nature
           ,
           than
           a
           Common
           Fidler
           ;
           though
           he
           may
           draw
           as
           good
           a
           sound
           out
           of
           an
           Instrument
           ,
           and
           have
           as
           much
           Art
           in
           Playing
           and
           Composing
           as
           any
           Gentleman
           ,
           yet
           if
           he
           get
           his
           Living
           by
           it
           ,
           and
           makes
           it
           his
           Trade
           ,
           he
           is
           still
           but
           a
           Fidler
           :
           and
           herein
           I
           pity
           him
           more
           than
           any
           of
           other
           Professions
           ,
           because
           he
           perverts
           the
           Creation
           ,
           and
           turns
           Day
           into
           Night
           ;
           for
           most
           commonly
           when
           sober
           Persons
           are
           in
           Bed
           ,
           he
           must
           play
           to
           please
           the
           humours
           of
           the
           lighter
           sort
           ;
           And
           though
           his
           Heart
           be
           ready
           to
           break
           through
           Melancholy
           ,
           he
           must
           sing
           a
           merry
           Song
           to
           delight
           the
           Company
           ,
           if
           commanded
           ,
           or
           have
           his
           Fiddle
           sing
           about
           his
           Ears
           :
           Is
           not
           this
           Mechanick
           ,
           think
           you
           ?
        
         
           But
           to
           Return
           where
           I
           digrest
           ;
           Printing
           became
           now
           so
           dangerous
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           That
           there
           were
           more
           Books
           Burnt
           in
           Ten
           years
           ,
           than
           could
           be
           Printed
           in
           Twenty
           :
           And
           now
           it
           concern'd
           the
           Prince
           altogether
           as
           much
           to
           Suppress
           the
           Abuse
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           before
           to
           Obtain
           the
           Use
           of
           Printing
           ;
           And
           had
           there
           not
           been
           a
           Reserve
           of
           Licensing
           such
           Books
           as
           should
           be
           Printed
           still
           remaining
           in
           the
           Crown
           ,
           they
           might
           have
           published
           the
           wickedness
           of
           their
           own
           Imaginations
           with
           Authority
           .
           But
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           at
           her
           very
           first
           Entrance
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           finding
           so
           great
           Disorders
           in
           Church
           
           and
           State
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           abuse
           in
           Printing
           ,
           Secures
           in
           the
           first
           place
           the
           Law
           and
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           of
           both
           which
           the
           Kings
           and
           Queens
           of
           England
           have
           inherent
           Right
           as
           Heads
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           Supream
           of
           the
           Law
           ;
           and
           not
           onely
           in
           their
           publique
           ,
           but
           private
           Capacity
           ,
           as
           Proprietors
           ;
           the
           Power
           and
           Signiory
           of
           this
           ,
           under
           Favour
           ,
           cannot
           be
           severed
           from
           the
           Crown
           :
           The
           Kings
           being
           the
           Trustees
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           who
           have
           formerly
           taken
           an
           Oath
           at
           their
           Coronation
           ,
           
             That
             they
             shall
             keep
             all
             the
             Lands
             ,
             Honours
             ,
             and
             Dignities
             ,
             Rights
             ,
             and
             Freedoms
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
          
           England
           ,
           
             in
             all
             manner
             whole
             ,
             without
             any
             manner
             of
             minishment
             ;
             and
             the
             Right
             of
             the
             Crown
             ,
             hurt
             ,
             decay'd
             ,
             or
             lost
             ,
             to
             their
             Power
             shall
             call
             again
             into
             the
             Antient
             Estate
             .
          
           Which
           Oath
           ,
           the
           said
           Queen
           kept
           inviolably
           ,
           and
           liv'd
           the
           more
           quietly
           for
           it
           all
           the
           time
           of
           her
           Reign
           ,
           and
           died
           in
           Peace
           .
           True
           it
           is
           ,
           they
           may
           ,
           and
           do
           gratifie
           their
           Friends
           and
           Servants
           ,
           in
           giving
           them
           the
           Emoluments
           and
           Profits
           that
           arise
           from
           Printing
           ;
           but
           the
           Power
           they
           cannot
           alienate
           from
           the
           Crown
           ,
           without
           losing
           the
           most
           pretious
           Stone
           out
           of
           their
           Diadem
           .
           To
           shew
           you
           one
           Example
           for
           all
           ,
           the
           said
           Queen
           ,
           
           the
           first
           Year
           of
           her
           Reign
           ,
           grants
           by
           Patent
           the
           Priviledge
           of
           sole
           Printing
           all
           Books
           ,
           that
           touch
           or
           concern
           the
           Common-Laws
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           Tottel
           a
           Servant
           to
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           who
           kept
           it
           intire
           to
           his
           Death
           :
           After
           him
           ,
           to
           one
           Yestweirt
           ,
           another
           Servant
           to
           Her
           Majesty
           :
           After
           him
           ,
           to
           Weight
           and
           Norton
           ;
           and
           after
           them
           ,
           King
           James
           grants
           the
           same
           Priviledge
           to
           More
           ,
           one
           of
           His
           Majesties
           Clerks
           of
           the
           Signet
           ;
           which
           Grant
           continues
           to
           this
           Day
           ;
           and
           so
           for
           the
           Bible
           ,
           the
           Statute-Laws
           ,
           the
           Book
           of
           Common-Prayer
           ,
           Proclamations
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           the
           Grammer
           ,
           the
           Primer
           ,
           &c.
           art
           all
           granted
           by
           Kings
           and
           Queens
           ,
           not
           onely
           to
           gratifie
           their
           Friends
           and
           Servants
           ,
           but
           to
           preserve
           the
           Regal
           Power
           and
           Authority
           on
           Foot
           ,
           and
           these
           Books
           from
           being
           corrupted
           .
        
         
           The
           Truth
           of
           this
           the
           most
           impudent
           Opponent
           will
           not
           deny
           ,
           because
           the
           Patents
           themselves
           give
           Evidence
           against
           them
           ;
           nor
           will
           they
           deny
           in
           words
           (
           though
           they
           do
           daily
           in
           fact
           )
           that
           the
           King
           hath
           Power
           to
           make
           such
           Grants
           .
        
         
           
           
             But
             this
             they
             will
             Object
             and
             say
             ,
          
           That
           Gentlemen
           being
           
           not
           Printers
           by
           Trade
           ,
           nor
           Free
           of
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           can
           never
           find
           out
           the
           Abuses
           of
           Printing
           themselves
           ,
           nor
           understand
           the
           Cheats
           of
           them
           ,
           they
           being
           so
           many
           ;
           but
           they
           must
           be
           discovered
           either
           by
           the
           Printers
           ,
           or
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           or
           both
           together
           :
           
             This
             is
             the
             Common
             Objection
          
           .
        
         
           
           To
           which
           I
           Answer
           ;
           The
           Objection
           cannot
           properly
           lye
           against
           any
           man
           for
           being
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           because
           the
           greatest
           Nobleman
           will
           not
           deny
           himself
           to
           be
           one
           ,
           nor
           can
           he
           with
           Honour
           refuse
           a
           Challenge
           from
           any
           Gentleman
           :
           And
           the
           very
           Mechanick
           is
           so
           willing
           to
           disguise
           his
           want
           of
           Gentility
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           arrives
           to
           a
           Considerable
           Estate
           ,
           he
           is
           very
           forward
           to
           purchase
           Honour
           .
           Nor
           can
           I
           think
           any
           man
           the
           less
           knowing
           for
           being
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           whose
           Education
           is
           most
           commonly
           at
           School
           ,
           at
           the
           University
           ,
           the
           Inns
           of
           Court
           ,
           Travell
           ,
           or
           both
           ;
           Whereas
           the
           Education
           of
           a
           Mechanick
           is
           only
           at
           School
           ,
           without
           any
           other
           Improvements
           :
           This
           being
           the
           Course
           that
           each
           of
           them
           generally
           runs
           ,
           't
           is
           strange
           if
           the
           Gentleman
           should
           not
           get
           the
           start
           ,
           and
           be
           better
           known
           to
           Letters
           ,
           Manners
           ,
           and
           Men
           ,
           than
           the
           Mechanick
           .
           But
           this
           Objection
           goes
           further
           .
        
         
           
           That
           though
           they
           may
           know
           Letters
           ,
           &c.
           better
           than
           the
           Mechanick
           ,
           yet
           they
           can
           never
           arrive
           to
           a
           full
           Discovery
           of
           the
           Mystery
           and
           deceitfull
           part
           of
           the
           Trade
           ;
           that
           they
           must
           give
           Handicrafts
           men
           leave
           to
           know
           best
           .
        
         
           
           To
           which
           I
           Answer
           ;
           First
           ,
           That
           there
           is
           no
           Magick
           in
           this
           Art
           ;
           Jugglers
           they
           may
           be
           ,
           but
           Conjurers
           they
           are
           not
           .
        
         
           
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           Gentlemen
           may
           and
           do
           know
           the
           Mystery
           and
           Deceipt
           of
           the
           Trade
           as
           well
           as
           those
           that
           act
           it
           ;
           but
           their
           knowledg
           tends
           different
           wayes
           .
           It
           is
           the
           Gentlemen
           or
           Patentees
           part
           to
           detect
           and
           hinder
           this
           Deceipt
           ;
           As
           't
           is
           the
           Stationers
           to
           promote
           and
           practice
           it
           :
           Their
           Profit
           blinds
           them
           so
           ,
           that
           they
           resemble
           certain
           Birds
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           hide
           their
           heads
           ,
           think
           none
           can
           see
           their
           Bodies
           ;
           Or
           like
           Children
           ,
           who
           after
           a
           fault
           Committed
           ,
           wink
           themselves
           ,
           
           thinking
           thereby
           that
           none
           can
           find
           them
           out
           .
           To
           render
           this
           possible
           ,
           I
           will
           give
           you
           an
           Instance
           of
           a
           Person
           ,
           that
           none
           can
           deny
           to
           be
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           though
           he
           were
           much
           more
           ,
           (
           I
           mean
           the
           late
           King
           )
           who
           was
           not
           onely
           
             aliquis
             in
             omnibus
          
           ,
           but
           
             singularis
             in
             omnibus
          
           .
        
         
           
           This
           excellent
           Prince
           ,
           hearing
           of
           a
           rare
           Head
           ,
           amongst
           several
           other
           Pictures
           ,
           brought
           Me
           from
           Rome
           ,
           sent
           Sir
           
             James
             Palmer
          
           ,
           to
           bring
           it
           to
           Whitehall
           to
           Him
           ,
           where
           were
           present
           divers
           Picture-Drawers
           and
           Painters
           :
           He
           ask'd
           them
           all
           ,
           
             Of
             whose
             Hand
             that
             was
          
           ?
           Some
           guest
           at
           it
           ;
           Others
           were
           of
           another
           Opinion
           ;
           but
           none
           was
           positive
           :
           At
           last
           ,
           said
           the
           King
           ,
           
             This
             is
             such
             a
             Man's
             Hand
             ,
             I
             know
             it
             as
             well
             ,
             as
             if
             I
             had
             seen
             him
             draw
             it
             :
             But
          
           (
           said
           he
           )
           
             is
             there
             but
             one
             Man's
             Hand
             in
             this
             Picture
             ?
          
        
         
           
             None
             could
             discern
             ,
             whether
             there
             was
             or
             not
             :
             But
             most
             concluded
             ,
             there
             was
             but
             one
             Hand
             :
             Said
             He
             ,
          
           I
           am
           sure
           there
           are
           two
           Hands
           in
           it
           ,
           for
           I
           know
           the
           Hand
           that
           drew
           the
           Heads
           ;
           but
           the
           Hand
           that
           drew
           the
           rest
           ,
           I
           never
           saw
           before
           .
           
             Upon
             this
             ,
             a
             Gentleman
             that
             had
             been
             at
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             about
             Ten
             Years
             before
             ,
             affirmed
             ,
          
           That
           he
           saw
           this
           very
           Picture
           ,
           with
           the
           two
           Heads
           ,
           unfinished
           at
           that
           time
           ;
           And
           that
           he
           heard
           his
           Brother
           
             (
             who
             staid
             there
             some
             years
             after
             him
             )
          
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           Widow
           of
           the
           Painter
           that
           drew
           it
           wanting
           Money
           ,
           got
           the
           best
           Master
           she
           could
           find
           to
           finish
           it
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           saleable
           .
           
             Is
             it
             not
             strange
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             that
             was
             no
          
           Picture-Drawer
           
             himself
             ,
             should
             see
             further
             into
             a
             Picture
             ,
             than
          
           Painters
           
             by
             Trade
          
           .
        
         
           
           But
           were
           the
           Objection
           true
           (
           as
           't
           is
           much
           to
           be
           doubted
           )
           yet
           were
           the
           Patentees
           still
           the
           very
           fittest
           Persons
           to
           be
           imployed
           ,
           in
           redressing
           the
           Evils
           of
           the
           Press
           ,
           wherein
           they
           are
           concern'd
           ,
           because
           their
           Interest
           leads
           them
           to
           it
           :
           And
           Men
           will
           come
           to
           a
           soon
           Discovery
           ,
           even
           of
           obscure
           things
           ,
           where
           their
           Interest
           inclines
           them
           ;
           Indeed
           ,
           the
           Printers
           Argument
           against
           the
           Booksellers
           ,
           &c.
           being
           all
           of
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           doth
           hold
           in
           point
           of
           Government
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           
           
             That
             't
             is
             absurd
             and
             ridiculous
             for
             any
             ,
             to
             have
             the
             Rule
             and
             Oversight
             of
             that
             which
             they
             have
             no
             insight
             in
             .
          
        
         
         
           But
           this
           is
           not
           at
           all
           applicable
           (
           nor
           do
           they
           intend
           it
           to
           be
           so
           )
           to
           the
           King's
           Patentees
           ;
           who
           (
           if
           they
           be
           not
           Printers
           themselves
           ,
           nor
           have
           a
           Printer
           of
           their
           own
           )
           agree
           with
           one
           to
           Print
           such
           a
           Book
           ,
           whereof
           they
           have
           the
           Propriety
           ,
           which
           Printer
           gives
           him
           Security
           to
           Print
           the
           same
           perfect
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           fair
           Letter
           ;
           it
           matters
           not
           whether
           the
           Pattentee
           can
           set
           the
           Letters
           ,
           or
           have
           Skill
           in
           the
           Manufacture
           himself
           ;
           't
           is
           sufficient
           for
           him
           to
           examine
           it
           with
           his
           Copy
           when
           't
           is
           done
           ,
           (
           which
           Copy
           cannot
           erre
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           under
           the
           publique
           Licence
           )
           and
           try
           whether
           it
           be
           as
           't
           was
           agreed
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           not
           as
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           in
           all
           respects
           ,
           the
           Printer
           loseth
           his
           Labour
           and
           Charge
           :
           'T
           is
           the
           Printers
           Interest
           then
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Patentees
           ,
           to
           Print
           it
           perfect
           and
           fair
           ;
           without
           which
           ,
           (
           should
           they
           both
           joyn
           together
           )
           they
           could
           not
           vend
           it
           ,
           after
           't
           was
           Printed
           .
           I
           confess
           ,
           it
           would
           argue
           an
           ill
           Nature
           in
           me
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           sorry
           for
           the
           just
           Occasion
           the
           Printers
           have
           to
           complain
           of
           their
           Brethren
           the
           Booksellers
           ,
           were
           it
           not
           for
           this
           ,
           
             That
             when
             some
             men
             fall
             out
             ,
             others
             shall
             hear
             of
             their
             Goods
             :
          
           Yet
           I
           cannot
           but
           side
           with
           the
           Printers
           thus
           far
           ,
           as
           to
           Declare
           ,
           
           That
           they
           ,
           with
           the
           Founders
           of
           Letters
           ,
           are
           the
           onely
           Instruments
           of
           absolute
           Necessity
           in
           this
           ART
           ;
           whereas
           Book-Sellers
           might
           be
           supply'd
           out
           of
           the
           She-Shopkeepers
           in
           Westminster-Hall
           ,
           if
           all
           the
           rest
           were
           higher
           promoted
           .
           
             In
             fine
          
           ,
           These
           Book-Sellers
           are
           the
           Drones
           that
           devour
           the
           Honey
           ,
           made
           by
           the
           Laborious
           Printers
           ;
           I
           cannot
           so
           sensibly
           express
           it
           ,
           as
           themselves
           have
           done
           :
           therefore
           hear
           them
           ▪
           and
           not
           Me
           ;
           Say
           
           they
           ,
           
             So
             far
             were
             the
          
           Stationers
           
             from
             redressing
             the
          
           Printers
           
             Wrongs
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             themselves
             ,
             took
             upon
             themselves
             ,
             the
             Exercise
             of
             their
             Function
             ,
             and
             gave
             a
             Forreigner
             his
             Freedom
          
           gratis
           ,
           
             to
             inable
             him
             to
             usurp
             the
             Exercise
             of
             the
          
           Printers
           
             Calling
             ;
             and
             to
             compleat
             the
             Abuse
             ,
             Erect
             a
          
           Printing-House
           
             of
             their
             own
             :
             so
             as
             it
             is
             become
             a
             Question
             among
             the
          
           Book-Sellers
           ,
           
             Whether
             a
          
           Printer
           
             ought
             to
             have
             any
             Copy
             or
             no
             ?
             Or
             if
             he
             have
             ,
             They
             (
             keeping
             the
          
           
           
             Register
             )
             will
             hardly
             enter
             it
             :
             Or
             if
             they
             do
             ,
             they
             and
             their
             Accomplices
             will
             use
             all
             means
             to
             disparage
             it
             ,
             if
             not
             down-right
             counterfeit
             it
             ,
             that
             they
             Tyrannize
             over
          
           Printers
           .
           
             And
             further
             ,
             That
             for
             want
             of
             a
             due
             Establishment
             ,
             Transgressors
             never
             want
             Incouragers
          
           
           
             to
             begin
             ,
             or
             Chapmen
             to
             vend
             such
             Ware
             ,
             when
             finished
             among
          
           
           the
           Stationers
           .
           
             They
             desire
             ,
             that
             such
             as
             are
             free
             of
             the
             Trade
             ,
             may
             be
             free
             indeed
             ,
             and
             not
             manumitted
          
           (
           as
           of
           late
           )
           
             from
             the
             Service
             of
             one
             Master
             ,
             to
             the
             Slavery
             of
             many
             Tyrants
             :
             That
             the
          
           Stationers
           
             have
             Usurped
             their
             Callings
             ,
             and
             incouraged
             ,
             yea
          
           
           
             hired
             others
             so
             to
             do
             ,
             and
             stand
             related
             to
             each
             other
             ,
             as
             the
             Buyer
             to
             the
             Seller
             .
             Upon
             all
             which
             ,
             they
             refer
             their
             Cause
             ,
             to
             the
             same
          
           Power
           
             that
             gave
             them
             theirs
             ,
             who
             may
             resume
             ,
             or
             abridge
             the
             same
             ,
             upon
             Mis-use
             ,
             at
             their
             pleasure
             .
          
           This
           is
           a
           sad
           Complaint
           of
           Elder
           Brethren
           against
           their
           Younger
           ;
           if
           one
           Dog
           will
           not
           prey
           upon
           another
           ,
           what
           Reason
           can
           be
           given
           ,
           why
           Men
           should
           devour
           Men
           ?
           And
           if
           this
           be
           the
           Usage
           those
           must
           trust
           to
           ,
           to
           whom
           they
           profess
           Friendship
           ;
           what
           is
           like
           to
           become
           of
           the
           Patentees
           ,
           against
           whom
           they
           profess
           Enmity
           ?
           If
           such
           a
           Power
           be
           continued
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           I
           hope
           will
           be
           seriously
           considered
           
           of
           ,
           before
           it
           shall
           be
           re-granted
           .
           Success
           (
           which
           usually
           gives
           Confidence
           )
           hath
           so
           hardned
           them
           ,
           that
           having
           not
           felt
           the
           Justice
           of
           the
           King's
           Hand
           ,
           for
           above
           twenty
           years
           last
           past
           ,
           they
           now
           begin
           to
           swear
           Him
           out
           of
           ,
           and
           Themselvs
           into
           ,
           this
           Part
           of
           His
           Regal
           Power
           :
           For
           they
           being
           lately
           Examined
           upon
           Interrogatories
           ,
           between
           
             Atkins
             et
             Uxor
          
           .
           Plaintiffs
           ,
           and
           Flesher
           and
           the
           Stationers
           Defendants
           ;
           some
           of
           them
           (
           I
           am
           sure
           )
           are
           so
           streight-mouth'd
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           not
           declare
           the
           whole
           Truth
           of
           what
           they
           know
           on
           our
           Part
           ,
           and
           seem
           to
           make
           a
           Conscience
           of
           Swearing
           at
           all
           ;
           As
           if
           St.
           Paul
           had
           been
           in
           an
           Errour
           ,
           when
           he
           said
           ,
           
             An
             Oath
             for
             Confirmation
             ,
             is
             an
             end
             of
             Strife
             .
          
           Indeed
           ,
           they
           strein'd
           at
           a
           Gnat
           ,
           but
           when
           
           they
           were
           to
           swear
           on
           the
           other
           Part
           (
           namely
           their
           own
           )
           they
           open
           their
           Mouthes
           wide
           enough
           to
           swallow
           a
           Camel.
           
             Say
             they
             ,
             from
             the
             Year
          
           1641.
           or
           1642.
           
             until
             the
             time
             of
             His
             Majesties
             Blessed
             Restauration
             to
             His
             Crown
             ,
             any
          
           Booksellers
           
             that
             listed
             ,
             did
             print
             ,
             or
             cause
             to
             he
             printed
             ,
             such
             Law-Books
             as
             seemed
             good
             unto
             them
             ,
             without
             Restraint
             or
             Prohibition
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             the
             Licence
             of
             the
             late
             Times
             :
             And
             that
             such
             as
             had
             Licence
             under
             the
             King
             's
             Grant
             to
             print
             Law-Books
             ,
             were
             hindered
             to
             make
             the
             Benefit
             of
             the
             said
             Grant
             ;
             And
             that
             it
             was
             usual
             for
             such
             persons
             as
             printed
             Law-Books
             ,
             to
             enter
             the
             same
             in
             the
             Book
             of
          
           Stationers-Hall
           ;
           
             And
             that
             it
             was
             conceived
             and
             taken
             ,
             that
             such
             person
             and
             persons
             ,
             as
             Entred
             a
             Copy
             in
             the
             said
          
           Hall-Book
           
             to
             be
             Printed
             ,
             had
             the
             sole
             Right
             to
          
           
           
             print
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             those
             that
             claim'd
             the
             Right
             of
             Printing
             Law-Books
             under
             the
             King's
             Licence
             ,
             were
             thereby
             taken
             to
             be
             Excluded
             ,
             and
             debarred
             to
             claim
             any
             Benefit
             therein
             .
          
        
         
           Observe
           what
           a
           sad
           time
           the
           Kings
           Patentees
           endur'd
           for
           almost
           Twenty
           years
           together
           ,
           confest
           by
           the
           Oaths
           of
           these
           honest
           Men
           ,
           that
           joyn'd
           in
           dividing
           the
           Spoyl
           :
           And
           shall
           it
           be
           so
           still
           ,
           now
           the
           King
           is
           return'd
           again
           ?
           I
           dare
           positively
           say
           it
           shall
           ;
           Witness
           a
           Book
           called
           
             Poulton's
             Abridgment
          
           ,
           particularly
           Exprest
           in
           the
           Law-Patent
           ,
           which
           they
           Printed
           since
           the
           Kings
           Restauration
           ,
           by
           vertue
           of
           an
           Entry
           only
           in
           their
           Hall-Book
           ,
           against
           the
           said
           Patent
           ;
           the
           Patentee's
           Lessee
           Flesher
           (
           a
           principal
           Member
           of
           the
           Company
           )
           finding
           the
           Stationers
           like
           to
           be
           worsted
           at
           the
           Council-Board
           in
           the
           Contest
           of
           their
           said
           Entry
           against
           the
           Kings
           Grant
           ,
           joyns
           Interest
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           also
           Engageth
           the
           Kings
           Patentees
           Trustee
           ,
           and
           the
           Kings
           Printers
           (
           who
           pretended
           Some
           Interest
           in
           the
           said
           Book
           )
           on
           their
           side
           ;
           As
           if
           severall
           bad
           Titles
           could
           create
           one
           good
           one
           :
           By
           which
           means
           after
           Four
           Hearings
           ,
           the
           Cause
           (
           seeming
           to
           be
           between
           Party
           and
           Party
           )
           was
           dismist
           ,
           but
           with
           the
           Recommendation
           of
           the
           King
           and
           Councill
           to
           the
           Lord
           High
           Chancellor
           ,
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           said
           Patentee
           (
           who
           had
           the
           Equitable
           Right
           )
           :
           The
           Company
           to
           requite
           the
           Lessees
           kindness
           in
           defending
           them
           from
           a
           Contempt
           against
           the
           KING
           ,
           (
           he
           being
           the
           person
           in
           Law
           that
           ought
           to
           have
           defended
           the
           Patent
           for
           the
           King
           against
           the
           said
           Company
           )
           like
           Brethren
           —
           joyn
           with
           the
           Lessee
           to
           defend
           him
           against
           the
           Justice
           of
           the
           Court
           of
           Chancery
           ,
           and
           Combine
           together
           to
           defeat
           the
           Patentee
           of
           his
           Rent
           by
           Covenant
           ,
           and
           so
           bandy
           the
           Legall
           Interest
           from
           one
           hand
           to
           another
           ,
           that
           it
           cannot
           be
           yet
           found
           where
           it
           Vests
           ;
           and
           to
           enable
           him
           the
           better
           ,
           make
           him
           Master
           of
           the
           said
           Company
           for
           two
           years
           together
           (
           never
           known
           before
           )
           ,
           and
           choose
           Wardens
           fit
           for
           the
           purpose
           ,
           who
           Engage
           the
           Stock
           of
           the
           whole
           Company
           on
           his
           behalf
           ,
           against
           the
           King
           's
           Patentee
           :
           And
           being
           thus
           fortified
           ,
           they
           published
           the
           said
           Book
           with
           this
           Title
           Page
           ,
           
             Printed
             for
             the
             Company
             of
             Stationers
             ,
          
           John
           Bill
           and
           Christopher
           Barker
           
             his
             Majesties
             Printers
          
           ;
           and
           so
           make
           a
           mixt
           
           Interest
           ,
           to
           render
           the
           Title
           the
           more
           questionable
           in
           the
           future
           ;
           but
           do
           not
           so
           much
           as
           mention
           the
           Kings
           Patent
           at
           all
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           said
           Book
           is
           granted
           by
           Name
           :
           This
           serves
           the
           Turn
           for
           the
           present
           occasion
           ,
           and
           being
           so
           possest
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           Flesher
           and
           the
           Stationers
           give
           200
           l.
           to
           the
           Patentee's
           Trustee
           to
           release
           the
           Rent
           and
           Covenants
           of
           the
           said
           Lease
           ,
           and
           the
           Kings
           Printers
           100
           l.
           or
           200
           l.
           for
           their
           assistance
           in
           so
           difficult
           a
           Work
           as
           this
           ,
           and
           then
           sell
           the
           Impression
           for
           1600
           l.
           (
           as
           appears
           by
           their
           own
           Oaths
           )
           which
           Impression
           alone
           over-payes
           them
           all
           the
           Moneys
           they
           are
           out
           of
           Purse
           :
           And
           had
           they
           not
           been
           stopt
           in
           their
           full
           Carrear
           at
           the
           Council-Board
           ,
           or
           rather
           by
           Injunction
           in
           Chancery
           ,
           (
           which
           they
           Complain
           of
           as
           a
           hinderance
           to
           their
           Trade
           also
           by
           Oath
           )
           they
           had
           by
           this
           time
           altered
           the
           Ancient
           Law-Books
           ,
           and
           cast
           them
           into
           a
           new
           Modell
           of
           their
           own
           Invention
           ;
           that
           by
           degrees
           the
           state
           and
           truth
           of
           the
           good
           Old
           Lawes
           by
           which
           Men
           hold
           their
           Lives
           and
           Estates
           ,
           should
           utterly
           be
           lost
           and
           forgotten
           ,
           and
           new
           Laws
           fram'd
           to
           fit
           the
           Humours
           of
           a
           new
           Invented
           Government
           ;
           which
           they
           little
           value
           ,
           so
           they
           may
           have
           full
           rates
           for
           their
           Books
           ,
           and
           their
           Goddess
           Diana
           be
           safe
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           gone
           thus
           far
           upon
           mine
           own
           Strength
           onely
           ,
           without
           any
           publique
           or
           private
           assistance
           ;
           and
           because
           I
           am
           not
           willing
           to
           endure
           theField
           much
           longer
           of
           my self
           ,
           I
           think
           it
           my
           Duty
           to
           state
           the
           Case
           truly
           as
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           implore
           the
           Ayd
           of
           such
           Neighbours
           (
           who
           cannot
           probably
           prevent
           the
           burning
           down
           of
           their
           own
           Houses
           ,
           when
           mine
           is
           first
           set
           on
           fire
           )
           :
           Common
           Experience
           tells
           us
           ,
           a
           just
           Cause
           signifiės
           little
           of
           it self
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           backt
           with
           Diligence
           and
           Friends
           :
           
             Bonum
             apparens
             et
             bonum
             verum
             et
             absolute
             ,
          
           are
           so
           like
           ,
           (
           though
           of
           a
           Contrary
           Nature
           )
           that
           the
           Credit
           of
           the
           best
           Testimony
           gives
           either
           precedency
           ;
           't
           is
           therefore
           not
           only
           hard
           ,
           but
           impossible
           for
           one
           Man
           to
           Contend
           with
           a
           Thousand
           ,
           and
           not
           be
           Conquered
           .
           Hercules
           was
           most
           Strong
           and
           Valiant
           ,
           and
           yet
           ,
           
             ne
             Hercules
             contra
             duos
          
           .
           I
           have
           no
           proper
           Refuge
           but
           to
           his
           Majestie
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           which
           I
           do
           chiefly
           Espouse
           for
           his
           sake
           ,
           who
           like
           King
           David
           is
           worth
           Ten
           Thousand
           of
           
           us
           .
           I
           have
           not
           the
           Power
           to
           Impose
           ,
           but
           rather
           to
           Propose
           his
           Majesties
           timely
           Assistance
           :
           Onely
           this
           I
           hope
           I
           may
           say
           without
           offence
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           King
           suppose
           it
           not
           for
           his
           Interest
           ▪
           I
           shall
           more
           willingly
           lay
           down
           the
           Cudgells
           ,
           than
           I
           took
           them
           up
           at
           first
           :
           But
           if
           otherwise
           ,
           I
           am
           as
           Careless
           of
           their
           Malice
           ,
           as
           Gallio
           ,
           it
           being
           not
           the
           first
           time
           I
           have
           past
           upon
           the
           Forlorne
           Hope
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           time
           the
           Impartiall
           Reader
           may
           inclin'd
           to
           believe
           ,
           
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           are
           not
           the
           fittest
           Persons
           to
           redress
           the
           Evills
           of
           the
           Press
           ;
           because
           't
           is
           most
           certain
           ,
           that
           none
           but
           themselves
           can
           offend
           :
           And
           't
           would
           be
           greater
           Self-denyall
           in
           them
           than
           can
           be
           expected
           ,
           to
           punish
           themselves
           contrary
           to
           their
           Interests
           .
           There
           are
           at
           least
           600
           Booksellers
           that
           keep
           Shops
           in
           and
           about
           London
           ,
           and
           Two
           or
           three
           Thousand
           free
           of
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ;
           the
           Licensed
           Books
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           cannot
           imploy
           one
           third
           part
           of
           them
           :
           What
           shall
           the
           rest
           do
           ?
           I
           have
           heard
           some
           of
           them
           openly
           at
           the
           Committee
           of
           the
           
             House
             of
             Commons
          
           say
           ,
           They
           will
           rather
           hang
           than
           starve
           ;
           and
           that
           a
           man
           is
           not
           hang'd
           for
           stealing
           but
           being
           taken
           ;
           
             necessitas
             cogit
             ad
             turpia
          
           .
           But
           this
           is
           not
           all
           ,
           't
           is
           not
           onely
           for
           their
           Interest
           not
           to
           Suppress
           them
           ,
           but
           to
           Maintain
           them
           :
           An
           unlicensed
           Book
           bears
           Treble
           the
           price
           of
           another
           ;
           and
           generally
           the
           more
           Scandalous
           a
           Book
           is
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           the
           more
           dear
           :
           This
           hath
           inricht
           the
           Wealthiest
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           fear
           losing
           their
           ill-got
           Goods
           ,
           they
           put
           their
           Journy-men
           of
           the
           poorer
           sort
           ,
           or
           their
           Apprentices
           ,
           upon
           the
           Work
           ,
           going
           shares
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           taking
           their
           Oaths
           or
           other
           Security
           to
           be
           true
           to
           them
           ,
           though
           false
           to
           all
           the
           World
           besides
           .
           Thus
           do
           they
           breed
           up
           their
           Youth
           like
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           who
           allow'd
           their
           Children
           little
           or
           nothing
           but
           what
           they
           could
           get
           by
           filching
           and
           stealing
           :
           That
           the
           Printers
           are
           Poor
           and
           Numerous
           ,
           can
           no
           body
           deny
           ,
           for
           it
           hath
           lately
           been
           the
           great
           Work
           of
           this
           Parliament
           to
           lessen
           their
           Number
           ,
           and
           to
           provide
           for
           their
           Poor
           .
           But
           because
           Extream
           Prices
           may
           be
           doubted
           by
           those
           that
           do
           not
           usually
           buy
           ,
           I
           will
           give
           you
           one
           Instance
           for
           all
           ;
           I
           was
           lately
           in
           a
           Book-seller's
           Shop
           ,
           
           where
           I
           saw
           a
           Book
           in
           Quarto
           ,
           entituled
           ,
           
             Killing
             no
             Murder
          
           ,
           
           it
           had
           but
           eight
           Leaves
           in
           all
           ,
           stitcht
           up
           without
           binding
           ,
           he
           demanded
           5
           s.
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           take
           less
           :
           A
           Book
           of
           the
           same
           bigness
           Licensed
           ,
           would
           have
           cost
           but
           4
           d.
           or
           6
           d.
           at
           the
           most
           .
           'T
           is
           not
           then
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           to
           suppress
           unlicensed
           Books
           :
           Whose
           is
           it
           then
           ?
           I
           Confidently
           Affirm
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           Patentees
           ,
           who
           derive
           from
           the
           King.
           I
           shall
           give
           you
           one
           Similitude
           of
           the
           like
           Nature
           ;
           The
           King
           ,
           as
           belonging
           to
           the
           Honor
           of
           Windsor
           ,
           hath
           a
           great
           Quantity
           of
           Ground
           of
           which
           he
           makes
           little
           or
           no
           benefit
           ,
           because
           it
           lyes
           in
           Common
           ;
           And
           the
           Neighbours
           thereabouts
           ,
           do
           not
           onely
           eat
           the
           Herbage
           ,
           but
           steal
           the
           Kings
           Deer
           ,
           and
           destroy
           his
           Woods
           ,
           without
           giving
           any
           Accompt
           or
           Satisfaction
           whatsoever
           :
           To
           prevent
           which
           Mischief
           ,
           the
           King
           Incloseth
           several
           Parks
           ,
           and
           gives
           the
           keeping
           of
           them
           to
           several
           Persons
           by
           Patent
           ,
           reserving
           what
           he
           pleaseth
           out
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           rest
           he
           gives
           the
           Patentees
           :
           these
           are
           still
           the
           Kings
           Parks
           ,
           though
           kept
           by
           the
           Patentees
           ;
           for
           the
           King
           kills
           what
           Deer
           he
           pleaseth
           ,
           disposes
           of
           the
           Venison
           ,
           and
           fells
           the
           Timber
           for
           Repair
           of
           his
           Houses
           ,
           Shipping
           ,
           &c.
           
           What
           wrong
           doth
           He
           to
           His
           Neighbours
           ,
           by
           Inclosing
           His
           own
           Lands
           ,
           which
           He
           denyes
           to
           none
           of
           His
           Subjects
           ?
           Yet
           His
           Neighbours
           are
           troubled
           ,
           because
           they
           cannot
           wrong
           Him
           as
           before
           ;
           and
           upon
           every
           Distemper
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           destroy
           the
           Fences
           ,
           and
           make
           it
           Common
           again
           .
           Is
           it
           not
           (
           think
           You
           )
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Pattentees
           ,
           to
           defend
           the
           Kings
           Right
           ,
           and
           their
           own
           Profit
           under
           Him
           ,
           and
           to
           prosecute
           the
           Law
           against
           such
           Offenders
           ?
           Is
           not
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           King
           and
           His
           Patentees
           so
           involv'd
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           be
           divided
           ?
           Just
           so
           is
           it
           by
           Inclosing
           Printing
           ;
           the
           King
           
           (
           having
           the
           Right
           thereof
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           of
           any
           Crown-Lands
           )
           Grants
           all
           sorts
           of
           Books
           ,
           necessary
           for
           the
           Education
           of
           Youth
           ,
           or
           the
           Improvements
           of
           Age
           ,
           or
           whatsoever
           else
           is
           usefull
           for
           Soul
           ,
           Body
           ,
           or
           Estate
           ,
           to
           several
           Persons
           by
           Patent
           ;
           it
           will
           much
           concern
           these
           Patentees
           ,
           in
           Honour
           and
           Profit
           both
           ,
           to
           see
           their
           several
           Grants
           be
           not
           Trespassed
           upon
           ,
           nor
           Corrupted
           by
           others
           :
           And
           so
           they
           have
           ever
           kept
           their
           Copies
           intire
           ,
           till
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           late
           King
           Charles
           
           His
           Reign
           ;
           At
           which
           time
           ▪
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           by
           fair
           
           Pretences
           ,
           (
           as
           they
           did
           before
           to
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           to
           get
           their
           Charter
           )
           obtain'd
           a
           Decree
           of
           Star-Chamber
           ,
           to
           Invest
           the
           Executive
           Power
           of
           Printing
           in
           them
           ,
           against
           the
           Patentees
           ;
           and
           then
           Libellous
           and
           scandalous
           Books
           and
           Pamphlets
           began
           to
           fly
           about
           like
           Lightning
           :
           And
           when
           this
           was
           strengthned
           with
           an
           Act
           of
           17
           Car.
           which
           took
           away
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           the
           Councel-Board
           and
           the
           Star-Chamber
           (
           at
           least
           between
           Party
           and
           Party
           )
           ,
           their
           Mischief
           was
           compleated
           ,
           and
           they
           impowred
           to
           vent
           the
           Passions
           of
           all
           Discontented
           Minds
           in
           Print
           ,
           against
           Monarchy
           and
           Episcopacy
           ;
           which
           they
           persu'd
           with
           such
           Diligence
           and
           Success
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           eradicate
           both
           Root
           and
           Branch
           :
           Whereas
           the
           Council-Board
           ,
           and
           the
           Star-Chamber
           ,
           did
           usually
           Fine
           and
           Imprison
           such
           Transgressors
           ▪
           Of
           which
           ,
           I
           can
           shew
           several
           Presidents
           ,
           from
           the
           time
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           to
           this
           King's
           Reign
           .
        
         
           
           
             But
             it
             may
             be
             said
          
           ,
           Scandalous
           ,
           Libellous
           ,
           and
           Heretical
           Books
           may
           be
           Printed
           of
           themselves
           ,
           without
           any
           Relation
           to
           the
           several
           kinds
           of
           Books
           granted
           by
           Patent
           .
        
         
           
           I
           Answer
           ,
           'T
           is
           very
           true
           ;
           but
           as
           long
           as
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           the
           Lawes
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Books
           for
           the
           Advancement
           of
           Learning
           ,
           good
           Manners
           ,
           and
           Education
           of
           Youth
           ,
           that
           are
           in
           Grant
           ,
           be
           kept
           intire
           ,
           without
           any
           mixture
           of
           Heresie
           ,
           Scandall
           ,
           or
           Schisme
           ,
           't
           will
           go
           a
           great
           way
           in
           preventing
           Libells
           and
           Scandalls
           ;
           and
           the
           Parliament
           may
           do
           the
           rest
           with
           greater
           Ease
           ,
           by
           reducing
           the
           Number
           of
           Presses
           ,
           and
           inflicting
           great
           Penalties
           upon
           such
           as
           shall
           Print
           and
           Publish
           
           unlicensed
           Books
           and
           Pamphlets
           :
           Which
           Penalties
           cannot
           be
           too
           big
           ,
           because
           it
           lyes
           in
           their
           own
           power
           whether
           they
           will
           offend
           or
           not
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           Power
           this
           Parliament
           hath
           given
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           had
           taken
           any
           good
           Effect
           ,
           they
           might
           have
           possibly
           continued
           it
           :
           But
           as
           a
           Worthy
           Gentleman
           Notes
           ,
           amongst
           other
           most
           true
           and
           Ingenious
           Observations
           ,
           That
           not
           one
           Person
           hath
           been
           Fin'd
           ,
           and
           but
           one
           prosecuted
           ,
           by
           
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           since
           the
           late
           ACT
           ,
           notwithstanding
           so
           much
           Treason
           and
           
             Sedition
             Printed
          
           and
           
           disperst
           since
           that
           time
           ;
           but
           he
           himself
           (
           being
           an
           Active
           Gentleman
           and
           Loyall
           Subject
           )
           hath
           Discovered
           more
           within
           this
           two
           years
           ,
           than
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           have
           done
           ever
           since
           they
           had
           a
           Charter
           .
           To
           this
           give
           me
           leave
           to
           adde
           ,
           That
           't
           is
           not
           likely
           (
           setting
           profit
           aside
           )
           even
           in
           order
           to
           
             Kingly
             Government
          
           ,
           they
           should
           suppress
           these
           Books
           ;
           for
           a
           Corporation
           being
           in
           it self
           a
           Petit
           -
           State
           ,
           is
           inconsistent
           with
           Monarchy
           .
           Wofull
           Experience
           tells
           us
           ,
           That
           very
           few
           ,
           if
           any
           ,
           went
           further
           with
           the
           KING
           than
           their
           own
           Interests
           led
           them
           ;
           Which
           puts
           me
           in
           mind
           of
           a
           Story
           of
           Queen
           ELIZABETH
           ,
           who
           being
           at
           Quinborough
           upon
           an
           Occasion
           ,
           the
           Maior
           of
           the
           Town
           brought
           her
           onwards
           of
           her
           Way
           so
           far
           ,
           till
           the
           Queen
           desir'd
           him
           to
           return
           back
           again
           ,
           saying
           ,
           he
           had
           brought
           her
           far
           enough
           :
           To
           which
           he
           replyed
           ,
           
             Madam
             ,
             I
             'le
             bring
             your
             Majestie
             as
             far
             as
             my
             Way
             lyes
             .
          
           For
           his
           Worship
           ,
           being
           a
           Landed
           Man
           ,
           had
           a
           small
           Tenement
           about
           a
           mile
           further
           .
        
         
           I
           wish
           Corporations
           would
           do
           but
           as
           much
           as
           that
           ,
           and
           not
           go
           out
           of
           their
           Way
           to
           destroy
           Monarchy
           ;
           for
           I
           must
           needs
           confess
           ,
           that
           shining
           Shooes
           and
           set
           Ruffs
           were
           very
           forward
           to
           sit
           in
           Judgment
           upon
           the
           late
           King's
           Party
           ,
           for
           doing
           but
           their
           Duty
           to
           their
           PRINCE
           ,
           which
           they
           themselves
           ought
           to
           have
           done
           .
        
         
           And
           here
           I
           might
           take
           occasion
           to
           say
           ,
           That
           though
           the
           Lawes
           of
           GOD
           be
           infinite
           and
           everlasting
           ,
           and
           fitted
           for
           all
           Times
           and
           Persons
           ,
           yet
           the
           Lawes
           of
           Men
           are
           like
           themselves
           ,
           
           finite
           ,
           imperfect
           ,
           and
           subject
           to
           Infirmity
           ,
           and
           Death
           it self
           ,
           as
           the
           makers
           are
           :
           Hence
           it
           comes
           ,
           that
           so
           many
           Laws
           are
           repeal'd
           ,
           and
           others
           made
           in
           their
           rooms
           ;
           and
           hence
           it
           may
           come
           ,
           that
           all
           lesser
           Governments
           under
           a
           Monarchy
           may
           by
           misuser
           be
           wholly
           taken
           away
           ,
           or
           else
           abated
           ;
           as
           was
           heretofore
           the
           Barons
           Power
           by
           their
           so
           often
           taking
           up
           Arms
           against
           the
           KING
           ;
           and
           the
           two
           Hundreds
           of
           Dudson
           and
           
             Kings
             Barton
          
           ,
           who
           were
           by
           this
           very
           Parliament
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           Jurisdiction
           of
           Gloueester
           ,
           though
           enjoy'd
           by
           them
           ever
           since
           the
           Times
           of
           Richard
           the
           Third
           ,
           the
           Grant
           
           being
           judg'd
           unreasonable
           ;
           our
           best
           Lawes
           and
           Constitutions
           by
           Age
           losing
           strength
           and
           vigour
           ,
           as
           our
           Bodies
           do
           ,
           either
           by
           the
           Crafty
           Evasions
           of
           the
           Offendors
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           alteration
           of
           their
           Vices
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           male-administration
           of
           Justice
           upon
           the
           Malefactors
           ;
           for
           the
           just
           performance
           of
           which
           last
           ,
           none
           have
           greater
           Encouragement
           than
           the
           reward
           of
           a
           good
           Conscience
           to
           fortifie
           them
           against
           the
           malice
           of
           those
           they
           punish
           ;
           who
           though
           they
           Act
           according
           to
           their
           best
           Judgment
           ,
           yet
           by
           reason
           of
           some
           doubtful
           penning
           of
           a
           Law
           ,
           Offenders
           are
           also
           many
           times
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           Justice
           ,
           to
           the
           very
           great
           encouragement
           of
           the
           Delinquents
           ,
           and
           discouragement
           of
           the
           Punishers
           ;
           insomuch
           ,
           as
           when
           Twyn
           was
           lately
           arraign'd
           for
           
             Printing
             Treason
          
           ,
           he
           was
           condemn'd
           by
           the
           old
           Law
           ,
           though
           there
           be
           a
           new
           one
           now
           Extant
           for
           that
           very
           purpose
           .
           And
           so
           I
           return
           to
           the
           Stationers
           again
           ;
           where
           I
           find
           them
           very
           Sollicitous
           with
           the
           Parliament
           to
           Enlarge
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           Confirm
           ,
           this
           Power
           they
           have
           already
           ,
           (
           resolving
           to
           have
           it
           by
           Hook
           or
           by
           Crook
           )
           and
           Promising
           all
           care
           and
           diligence
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           if
           they
           shall
           be
           once
           more
           trusted
           ;
           saying
           ,
           with
           
             Absolom
             ,
             O
             that
             I
             were
             made
             Judge
             in
             the
             Land
             ,
             &c.
             
             That
             every
             Man
             might
             have
             Justice
             :
          
           and
           what
           followes
           ,
           but
           presently
           raising
           an
           Army
           against
           King
           David
           ,
           though
           his
           own
           Father
           .
        
         
           Let
           not
           the
           Reader
           conjecture
           I
           lay
           an
           Imputation
           upon
           every
           particular
           Member
           of
           the
           Company
           ,
           (
           for
           there
           are
           too
           many
           of
           them
           that
           groan
           under
           the
           like
           Burthen
           ,
           as
           I
           my self
           do
           ,
           )
           but
           against
           the
           whole
           Corporation
           ,
           as
           a
           Body
           Politique
           (
           especially
           as
           't
           is
           now
           governed
           .
           )
        
         
           I
           have
           now
           shewed
           you
           the
           Practices
           of
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           and
           some
           particular
           Members
           thereof
           ,
           against
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           his
           Patentees
           ;
           who
           ,
           like
           Painted
           Sepulchres
           ,
           appear
           Glorious
           without
           ,
           but
           within
           are
           full
           of
           Rottenness
           and
           Corruption
           :
           I
           have
           also
           opened
           ,
           tented
           ,
           and
           sering'd
           the
           Sores
           of
           their
           Body
           Politique
           ,
           and
           tryed
           them
           to
           the
           quick
           (
           which
           I
           hope
           will
           not
           prove
           like
           the
           Touch
           of
           a
           Gall'd
           Horse-Back
           ,
           to
           receive
           a
           Kick
           for
           my
           Labour
           and
           good-will
           )
           .
           But
           because
           I
           am
           not
           so
           good
           a
           Chirurgion
           ,
           as
           to
           close
           and
           cure
           them
           again
           my self
           ,
           I
           shall
           implore
           the
           help
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           
           and
           shall
           most
           humbly
           Recommend
           them
           to
           their
           Cure
           ,
           together
           with
           these
           ensuing
           Observations
           and
           Proposals
           .
        
         
           The
           Reasons
           inducing
           Queen
           Mary
           to
           Incorporate
           the
           Stationers
           ,
           are
           expressed
           in
           her
           Charter
           in
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Nos
             considerantes
             quod
             seditiosi
             et
             heretici
             Libri
             ,
             Rithmi
             ,
             &c.
             indies
             sunt
             editi
             ,
             excuss
             .
             et
             iuspressi
             per
             diversas
             scandalosas
             ,
             malitiosas
             ,
             Schismatic
             .
             et
             heretic
             .
             personas
             ,
             non
             solum
             movend
             .
             Subditos
             et
             Ligeos
             nostros
             ad
             seditiones
             et
             inobedientias
             ,
             contra
             nos
             ,
             Coronam
             et
             dignitatem
             nostras
             ,
             verum
             etiam
             ad
             maximas
             et
             detestabiles
             hereses
             ,
             contra
             fidem
             ,
             &c.
             
             Et
             remedium
             congruum
             in
             hac
             parte
             providere
             Volentes
             ;
             de
             gratia
             nostra
             speciali
             &c.
             
          
           The
           Queen
           Erects
           the
           Corporation
           with
           Powers
           and
           Trusts
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           To
           make
           Lawes
           
             pro
             securo
             regimine
          
           of
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           Company
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           To
           search
           for
           and
           seize
           Books
           Printed
           contrary
           to
           Law.
           
        
         
           
           Observ
           .
           1.
           
           The
           Erecting
           this
           Corporation
           hath
           not
           proved
           Remediall
           against
           the
           Mischiefs
           recited
           in
           the
           Charter
           ;
           But
           the
           Queen
           was
           wholly
           deceived
           in
           the
           Design
           aymed
           at
           in
           passing
           the
           Charter
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Intrusting
           the
           Stationers
           with
           the
           Powers
           aforesaid
           ,
           hath
           not
           only
           not
           remedied
           ,
           but
           hath
           encouraged
           ,
           encreased
           ,
           and
           secured
           the
           Printing
           Sedition
           and
           Treason
           .
           For
           ,
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Persons
           who
           are
           Intrusted
           with
           the
           Search
           and
           Discovery
           of
           the
           Offences
           to
           be
           remedied
           ,
           are
           themselves
           the
           Common
           Offenders
           therein
           .
        
         
           
           The
           Company
           ,
           in
           their
           Politique
           Capacity
           ,
           cannot
           Execute
           the
           Trusts
           ,
           or
           merit
           or
           offend
           ,
           but
           by
           their
           particular
           Members
           ;
           divers
           principal
           Members
           of
           the
           Company
           have
           been
           actually
           Convicted
           ,
           some
           as
           privy
           and
           accessory
           ,
           other
           as
           Principals
           ,
           in
           Printing
           and
           Publishing
           Illegal
           Books
           ;
           and
           many
           Treasonable
           Books
           have
           been
           printed
           ,
           during
           the
           late
           Troubles
           ,
           for
           several
           principal
           Members
           of
           the
           Company
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           have
           in
           other
           things
           exceeded
           the
           Authorities
           granted
           by
           their
           Charter
           ,
           as
           by
           Imposing
           
           and
           Administring
           of
           Oaths
           ,
           &c.
           and
           by
           Entring
           other
           Mens
           Copies
           in
           their
           Hall-Book
           as
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           then
           Printing
           and
           Selling
           them
           ,
           in
           Opposition
           to
           the
           King
           's
           Grant
           ;
           and
           this
           by
           vertue
           of
           a
           Law
           in
           the
           latė
           Evil
           Times
           :
           and
           have
           also
           assumed
           to
           themselves
           (
           by
           Colour
           of
           the
           said
           Charter
           )
           the
           whole
           Right
           of
           Priviledging
           and
           Exercising
           Printing
           ,
           and
           have
           Combined
           to
           oppose
           and
           overthrow
           the
           King
           's
           Just
           Power
           and
           Prerogative
           herein
           ,
           and
           Interest
           of
           His
           Patentees
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           From
           all
           which
           it
           appears
           ,
           the
           Crown
           hath
           been
           deceived
           in
           the
           End
           and
           Design
           of
           Erecting
           the
           said
           Corporation
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           they
           have
           not
           proved
           Remediall
           ,
           but
           Instrumental
           ,
           to
           the
           Increase
           of
           the
           Mischiefs
           they
           should
           redress
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           That
           they
           have
           broke
           and
           acted
           contrary
           to
           the
           Trusts
           imposed
           in
           them
           by
           their
           Charter
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           They
           have
           ,
           by
           Colour
           of
           their
           Charter
           ,
           abused
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           in
           exceeding
           the
           Authorities
           granted
           them
           ,
           and
           assuming
           to
           themselves
           the
           whole
           Power
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Matter
           of
           Printing
           .
        
         
           I
           therefore
           take
           the
           boldness
           ,
           most
           humbly
           to
           propose
           to
           your
           Honours
           ;
        
         
           I.
           That
           the
           King
           's
           Just
           Power
           and
           Prerogative
           ,
           in
           the
           impowring
           
           and
           restraining
           Printing
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Hearing
           ,
           Regulating
           ,
           and
           Determining
           all
           Differences
           touching
           the
           same
           ▪
           as
           a
           Matter
           of
           State
           ,
           be
           Declared
           and
           Confirmed
           ,
           as
           an
           Antient
           and
           Hereditary
           Right
           of
           the
           CROWN
           ;
           And
           that
           all
           Laws
           contrary
           thereunto
           be
           Repealed
           .
        
         
           II.
           That
           an
           ACT
           for
           Regulating
           Printing
           may
           Establish
           Propriety
           therein
           according
           to
           the
           Kings
           Grants
           thereof
           ,
           and
           may
           direct
           Rules
           for
           the
           Licensing
           and
           Management
           of
           Printing
           ,
           and
           inflict
           Penalties
           for
           Abuses
           therein
           ,
           with
           Legall
           Means
           for
           the
           Executing
           such
           Penalties
           ,
           and
           for
           settling
           and
           securing
           every
           Man's
           Propriety
           ,
           (
           saving
           the
           Right
           of
           the
           Crown
           )
           to
           regulate
           or
           restrain
           any
           Interest
           or
           Right
           in
           Printing
           ,
           or
           other
           matter
           concerning
           the
           same
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           King
           and
           Councill
           shall
           be
           conceiv'd
           a
           Nusance
           of
           State.
           
        
         
         
           III.
           That
           the
           Charter
           of
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           who
           Claym
           thereby
           an
           unlimited
           Power
           in
           Printing
           ,
           be
           examined
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Unreasonablenesse
           thereof
           ,
           and
           the
           Abuses
           committed
           thereby
           ,
           by
           Testimony
           of
           Witnesses
           to
           be
           Summoned
           to
           that
           purpose
           ;
           And
           that
           the
           said
           Charter
           ,
           and
           the
           Powers
           thereby
           granted
           ,
           be
           limited
           according
           to
           Reason
           and
           the
           true
           Intent
           of
           the
           Grant.
           
        
         
           IV.
           That
           the
           Penalty
           for
           Printing
           without
           Licence
           ,
           be
           forfeiture
           of
           the
           Book
           or
           thing
           so
           Printed
           ,
           and
           treble
           the
           value
           thereof
           ,
           one
           Moyety
           thereof
           to
           the
           Patenteé
           or
           Party
           interessed
           in
           the
           Right
           of
           Printing
           such
           unlicensed
           Book
           (
           if
           any
           person
           be
           therein
           interessed
           )
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           to
           the
           KING
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Moyety
           to
           the
           Informer
           :
           But
           that
           Books
           once
           Licensed
           ,
           may
           be
           reprinted
           without
           Licence
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           of
           them
           as
           shall
           be
           without
           addition
           or
           alteration
           .
        
         
           V.
           That
           the
           KING
           's
           Patenteé
           for
           Printing
           Law-Books
           ,
           be
           Priviledg'd
           with
           a
           like
           Priviledge
           ,
           as
           the
           Patenteés
           for
           the
           Bible
           are
           ,
           or
           shall
           be
           Priviledged
           ;
           and
           with
           Power
           to
           search
           with
           an
           Officerfor
           
             unlicensed
             Law-Books
          
           ,
           and
           to
           Seize
           and
           carry
           away
           the
           same
           to
           some
           publique
           place
           .
        
         
           VI.
           That
           no
           Disloyall
           or
           Notorious
           Criminal
           Person
           for
           Printing
           Treasonable
           or
           
             Seditious
             Books
          
           in
           the
           late
           Times
           of
           Trouble
           ,
           be
           admitted
           to
           keep
           a
           Printing-Presse
           ;
           And
           that
           such
           as
           be
           Intrusted
           with
           a
           Printing-Presse
           ,
           be
           Sworn
           not
           to
           offend
           the
           ACT
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           &c.
           and
           give
           Security
           for
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           VII
           .
           That
           the
           Entry
           of
           other
           Mens
           Copies
           in
           Stationers-Hall
           ,
           be
           declared
           to
           be
           of
           no
           Validity
           ,
           especially
           as
           to
           give
           them
           any
           Title
           to
           such
           Books
           as
           are
           Granted
           by
           Patent
           to
           others
           .
        
         
           
           And
           now
           it
           may
           be
           most
           truly
           said
           ,
           That
           the
           Author
           is
           very
           tedious
           ,
           and
           yet
           hath
           made
           few
           or
           no
           Propositions
           but
           such
           as
           concern
           the
           King
           and
           his
           Patentees
           .
        
         
         
           
           To
           which
           I
           Answer
           ,
           That
           all
           other
           Interests
           have
           not
           been
           wanting
           to
           make
           the
           best
           of
           their
           Case
           ,
           and
           their
           Desires
           to
           be
           fully
           understood
           ;
           And
           as
           for
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           they
           were
           by
           this
           late
           ACT
           so
           amply
           provided
           for
           ,
           as
           that
           at
           the
           Committeé
           of
           the
           
             House
             of
             Commons
          
           they
           had
           nothing
           more
           of
           Substance
           to
           desire
           .
           The
           Printers
           have
           also
           published
           a
           late
           Book
           ,
           wherein
           they
           desire
           to
           be
           Incorporated
           and
           made
           a
           Company
           of
           themselves
           ,
           apart
           from
           the
           Company
           of
           Stationers
           ,
           of
           which
           they
           now
           are
           ;
           and
           therein
           also
           have
           stated
           the
           best
           of
           their
           Case
           .
           Mr.
           L'Estrange
           hath
           also
           published
           a
           Book
           ,
           wherein
           he
           Treateth
           of
           the
           whole
           matter
           in
           generall
           ,
           and
           shews
           the
           severall
           Abuses
           of
           Printing
           and
           Printers
           ,
           but
           hath
           not
           applyed
           himself
           to
           any
           particular
           Interest
           :
           And
           therefore
           I
           have
           taken
           the
           Boldness
           to
           say
           somewhat
           ,
           though
           weakly
           ,
           for
           the
           KING
           and
           his
           Patenteés
           ;
           hoping
           an
           ill
           Pen
           shall
           not
           destroy
           a
           good
           Cause
           ;
           But
           that
           the
           Wisedome
           and
           Loyalty
           of
           this
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           is
           Exemplary
           for
           both
           ,
           will
           Supply
           all
           Defects
           ,
           and
           take
           the
           Will
           for
           the
           Deed
           ;
           The
           rather
           ,
           because
           Extream
           Necessity
           enforceth
           me
           to
           say
           somewhat
           now
           before
           the
           ACT
           be
           past
           ;
           Which
           makes
           me
           rather
           adventure
           to
           be
           ridiculous
           ,
           than
           wanting
           to
           my
           Duty
           .
           I
           shall
           add
           onely
           one
           word
           more
           ,
           That
           in
           a
           Business
           of
           so
           great
           Intricacy
           and
           Concernment
           as
           this
           of
           Printing
           ,
           your
           Honours
           would
           not
           without
           very
           great
           Consideration
           ,
           make
           an
           ACT
           for
           Perpetuity
           ,
           In
           which
           all
           Interests
           may
           be
           equally
           Considered
           ;
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           the
           late
           ACT
           now
           in
           being
           ,
           which
           was
           past
           in
           hast
           ,
           is
           judg'd
           (
           even
           by
           Your Selves
           )
           to
           have
           many
           Imperfections
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           the
           Brewers
           ,
           who
           at
           most
           can
           but
           steal
           away
           a
           Flegmatick
           part
           of
           the
           King's
           Revenue
           ,
           deserve
           the
           serious
           Consideration
           of
           the
           Supreme
           Council
           of
           England
           ,
           how
           much
           more
           these
           ,
           that
           do
           not
           onely
           bereave
           the
           King
           of
           his
           Good-Name
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           very
           Hearts
           of
           His
           People
           ;
           between
           whom
           there
           is
           as
           much
           oddes
           ,
           as
           between
           a
           Pyrate
           that
           robs
           a
           Ship
           or
           two
           ,
           and
           Alexander
           that
           robs
           the
           whole
           World.
           
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A26139-e1150
           
             Revelation
             not
             Confined
             only
             to
             the
             People
             of
             God.
             
          
           
             The
             great
             Benefit
             of
             Printing
             .
          
           
             Printing
             supposed
             to
             be
             brought
             into
             England
             in
             the
             Year
             1471.
             
          
           
             Page
             404.
             
          
           
             Page
             284.
             
          
           
             Page
             353.
             
          
           
             Printing
             first
             set
             up
             at
             Oxford
             .
          
           
             Printing
             depraved
             ,
             by
             being
             Incorporated
             with
             others
             
          
           
             None
             but
             the
             Kings
             sworn
             Servants
             permitted
             to
             be
             Printers
             .
          
           
             The
             Price
             of
             Books
             not
             to
             be
             enhauced
             .
          
           
             Object
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             How
             and
             why
             the
             ART
             is
             called
             a
             Mechanick
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Answ
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Answ
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             A
             Simile
             taken
             from
             Musick
             .
          
           
             Patents
             for
             Printing
             ,
             granted
             to
             several
             persons
             .
          
           
             Object
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             Answer
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Object
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Answ
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Answ
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             more
             skilfull
             than
             Mechanicks
             in
             their
             own
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Patentees
             fittest
             to
             redress
             the
             Evils
             of
             the
             Press
             .
          
           
             A
             brief
             Discourse
             concerning
             Printing
             .
             
               Page
               8.
            
             
          
           
             Printers
             and
             Founders
             onely
             necessary
             to
             the
             Art
             of
             Printing
             .
          
           
             A
             Brief
             Discourse
             concerning
             
               Printing
               Pag.
               5.
            
             
          
           
             Pag.
             7
             
          
           
             Pag.
             12.
             
          
           
             Pag.
             14.
             
          
           
             The
             dangerous
             Consequence
             of
             power
             in
             the
             Stationers
             .
          
           
             The
             Stationers
             Conscience
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             against
             the
             Stationers
             Interest
             to
             redress
             the
             Evills
             of
             the
             Press
             .
          
           
             The
             unconscionable
             dealing
             of
             Booksellers
             .
          
           
             Crown-Lands
             and
             Printing
             ,
             equally
             the
             Kings
             Right
             .
          
           
             The
             sad
             Effects
             of
             the
             Executive
             Power
             of
             Printing
             in
             the
             Company
             of
             Stationers
             .
          
           
             Object
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             Answ
             .
          
           
             Too
             great
             Penalties
             cannot
             be
             inflicted
             for
             Offences
             in
             Printing
             .
          
           
             More
             Treason
             and
             Sedition
             discovered
             by
             a
             Gentleman
             in
             two
             years
             ▪
             than
             hath
             ever
             been
             by
             the
             Stationers
             .
          
           
             Humane
             Laws
             subject
             not
             only
             to
             Imperfection
             ,
             but
             Death
             it self
             .
          
           
             Observations
             and
             Proposals
             recommended
             to
             the
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             Principals
             and
             particular
             Members
             of
             the
             Company
             high
             Delinquents
             .
          
           
             The
             Proposals
             .
          
           
             Object
             .
             5
             ▪
             
          
           
             Answer
             .
          
        
      
    
  

