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         Hale, Matthew, Sir, 1609-1676.
      
       
         
           1683
        
      
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             A discourse touching provision for the poor written by Sir Matthew Hale ...
             Hale, Matthew, Sir, 1609-1676.
          
           [17], 80 p.
           
             Printed by H. Hills for John Leigh ...,
             London :
             1683.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Poor laws -- England.
           Working class -- England.
           Labor movement -- England.
           Labor -- England.
           Public welfare -- England.
           Poor -- England.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           DISCOURSE
           Touching
           PROVISION
           FOR
           
             The
             Poor
             .
          
        
         
           Written
           by
           
             Sir
             Matthew
             Hale
             ,
          
           late
           Lord
           Chief
           Justice
           of
           the
           
             Kings
             Bench.
             
          
        
         
           
             LONDON
             :
          
           Printed
           by
           
             H.
             Hills
             ,
          
           for
           
             John
             Leigh
          
           at
           
             Stationers
             Hall
             ,
          
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           the
           
             Booksellers
          
           in
           
             London
             .
          
           1683
        
         
      
       
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           A
           Due
           care
           for
           the
           Relief
           of
           the
           Poor
           is
           an
           act
           ,
           1.
           of
           great
           Piety
           towards
           Almighty
           God
           ,
           who
           requires
           it
           of
           us
           :
           He
           hath
           left
           the
           Poor
           as
           his
           Pupils
           ,
           and
           the
           Rich
           as
           his
           Stewards
           to
           provide
           for
           them
           :
           It
           is
           one
           of
           those
           
           great
           Tributes
           that
           he
           justly
           requires
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           which
           ,
           because
           they
           cannot
           pay
           to
           him
           ,
           he
           hath
           scattered
           the
           Poor
           among
           the
           rest
           of
           Mankind
           as
           his
           Substitutes
           and
           Receivers
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           It
           is
           an
           act
           of
           greatest
           Humanity
           among
           men
           .
           Mercy
           and
           Benignity
           is
           due
           to
           the
           very
           Beasts
           that
           serve
           us
           ,
           much
           more
           to
           those
           that
           are
           partakers
           of
           the
           same
           common
           nature
           with
           us
           .
        
         
         
           3.
           
           It
           is
           an
           act
           of
           great
           Civil
           Prudence
           and
           Political
           Wisdom
           :
           for
           Poverty
           in
           itself
           is
           apt
           to
           Emasculate
           the
           minds
           of
           men
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           it
           makes
           men
           tumultuous
           and
           unquiet
           .
           Where
           there
           are
           many
           very
           Poor
           ,
           the
           Rich
           cannot
           long
           or
           safely
           continue
           such
           ;
           necessity
           renders
           men
           of
           Phlegmatique
           and
           dull
           natures
           stupid
           and
           indisciplinable
           ;
           And
           men
           of
           more
           fiery
           or
           active
           constitutions
           rapacious
           and
           desperate
           .
        
         
         
           At
           this
           day
           it
           seems
           to
           me
           that
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           is
           more
           deficient
           in
           their
           prudent
           Provision
           for
           the
           Poor
           than
           any
           other
           cultivated
           and
           Christian
           State
           ;
           at
           least
           that
           have
           so
           many
           opportunities
           and
           advantages
           to
           supply
           them
           .
        
         
           In
           some
           other
           Countries
           a
           Beggar
           is
           a
           rare
           sight
           ;
           Those
           that
           are
           unable
           to
           maintain
           themselves
           by
           Age
           or
           Impotency
           are
           relieved
           .
           And
           those
           that
           are
           able
           to
           supply
           their
           
           wants
           by
           their
           Labour
           are
           furnished
           with
           Imployments
           .
           sutable
           to
           their
           condition
           .
        
         
           And
           by
           this
           means
           there
           is
           not
           only
           a
           good
           and
           orderly
           Education
           and
           a
           decent
           face
           of
           the
           publique
           ;
           But
           the
           more
           populous
           the
           State
           or
           Country
           is
           ,
           the
           Richer
           and
           the
           more
           wealthy
           it
           is
           .
        
         
           But
           with
           us
           in
           
             England
          
           for
           want
           of
           a
           due
           regulation
           of
           things
           the
           more
           Populous
           we
           are
           the
           Poorer
           we
           are
           ;
           so
           that
           ,
           that
           wherein
           
           the
           Strength
           and
           Wealth
           ,
           of
           a
           Kingdom
           consists
           ,
           renders
           us
           the
           weaker
           and
           the
           poorer
           .
        
         
           And
           which
           is
           yet
           worse
           ,
           Poor
           Families
           which
           daily
           multiply
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           for
           want
           of
           a
           due
           order
           for
           their
           Imployment
           in
           an
           honest
           course
           of
           life
           whereby
           they
           may
           gain
           subsistance
           for
           them
           and
           their
           Children
           do
           unavoidably
           bring
           up
           their
           Children
           either
           in
           a
           Trade
           of
           Begging
           or
           Stealing
           ,
           or
           such
           other
           Idle
           
           course
           ,
           which
           again
           they
           propagate
           over
           to
           their
           Children
           ,
           and
           so
           there
           is
           a
           successive
           multiplication
           of
           hurtful
           or
           at
           least
           unprofitable
           People
           ,
           neither
           capable
           of
           Discipline
           nor
           beneficial
           Imployment
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           true
           we
           have
           very
           severe
           Laws
           against
           Begging
           the
           very
           giver
           being
           in
           some
           cases
           subject
           to
           a
           penalty
           by
           the
           Statute
           of
           
             1
             Jac.
             cap.
             17.
             
          
           But
           it
           takes
           little
           Effect
           .
           And
           indeed
           as
           the
           case
           stands
           
           with
           us
           it
           is
           no
           reason
           it
           should
           :
           for
           what
           man
           that
           is
           of
           ability
           can
           have
           the
           conscience
           to
           deny
           an
           Alms
           ,
           or
           to
           bring
           a
           Wanderer
           to
           the
           punishment
           directed
           by
           that
           Statute
           ,
           and
           the
           Statute
           of
           
             39
             Eliz.
          
           when
           he
           cannot
           choose
           but
           know
           that
           there
           is
           not
           that
           due
           course
           provided
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           used
           ,
           that
           Persons
           necessitous
           ,
           and
           able
           to
           work
           may
           have
           it
           ;
           Indeed
           were
           there
           a
           clear
           means
           practised
           for
           the
           Imploying
           of
           
           poor
           Persons
           ,
           It
           were
           an
           uncharitable
           action
           to
           relieve
           them
           in
           a
           course
           of
           Idleness
           .
           But
           when
           I
           do
           not
           know
           that
           there
           is
           such
           a
           Provision
           ,
           I
           dare
           not
           deny
           my
           relief
           ,
           because
           I
           know
           not
           whether
           without
           it
           he
           may
           be
           starved
           with
           hunger
           ,
           without
           his
           own
           default
           .
        
         
           We
           have
           also
           very
           severe
           Laws
           against
           Theft
           ,
           possibly
           more
           severe
           than
           most
           other
           Nations
           ,
           yea
           ,
           and
           than
           the
           Offence
           in
           it self
           
           simply
           considered
           deserves
           ;
           And
           there
           is
           little
           to
           be
           said
           in
           the
           defence
           of
           the
           severity
           of
           the
           Law
           herein
           ,
           but
           the
           multitude
           of
           the
           Offenders
           and
           the
           design
           of
           the
           Law
           rather
           to
           terrify
           than
           to
           punish
           
             ut
             metus
             in
             omnes
             ,
             poena
             in
             paucos
             :
          
           But
           it
           is
           most
           apparent
           that
           the
           Law
           i●
           frustrated
           of
           its
           design
           therein
           ;
           for
           although
           more
           suffer
           at
           one
           Sessions
           a●
           
             Newgate
          
           for
           Stealing
           and
           Breaking
           up
           Houses
           ,
           and
           
           Picking
           of
           Pockets
           ,
           and
           such
           other
           Larcenies
           out
           of
           the
           protection
           of
           Clergy
           ,
           than
           suffer
           in
           some
           other
           Countries
           for
           all
           Offences
           in
           three
           years
           ,
           yet
           the
           Goals
           are
           never
           the
           Emptier
           :
           Necessity
           ,
           and
           Poverty
           ,
           and
           want
           of
           a
           due
           Provision
           for
           the
           Imployment
           of
           Indigent
           Persons
           ,
           and
           the
           custom
           of
           a
           loose
           and
           Idle
           life
           ,
           daily
           supply
           with
           advantage
           the
           number
           of
           those
           who
           are
           taken
           off
           by
           the
           Sentence
           of
           the
           
           Law
           :
           And
           doubtless
           as
           the
           multitude
           of
           Poor
           ,
           and
           necessitous
           ,
           and
           uneducated
           Persons
           ,
           increase
           ,
           the
           multitude
           of
           Malefactors
           will
           increase
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Examples
           of
           Severity
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           upon
           the
           whole
           account
           the
           prudence
           of
           prevention
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           more
           Christian
           ,
           so
           it
           will
           be
           more
           Effectual
           than
           the
           Prudence
           of
           remedy
           :
           The
           prevention
           of
           Poverty
           ,
           Idleness
           and
           a
           loose
           and
           disorderly
           Education
           ,
           Even
           of
           poor
           
           Children
           ,
           would
           do
           more
           good
           to
           this
           Kingdom
           than
           all
           the
           Gibbets
           ,
           and
           Cauterizations
           ,
           and
           Whipping
           Posts
           ,
           and
           Goals
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           would
           render
           these
           kind
           of
           Disciplines
           less
           necessary
           and
           less
           frequent
           .
        
         
           But
           hitherto
           I
           am
           in
           generals
           ,
           which
           rarely
           prosper
           into
           Action
           or
           Conviction
           :
           I
           therefore
           shall
           confider
           principally
           these
           things
           :
           
             
               1.
               
               What
               Provisions
               there
               
               are
               already
               setled
               by
               the
               Laws
               in
               force
               for
               the
               Relief
               and
               Imployment
               of
               the
               Poor
               .
            
             
               2
               Wherein
               the
               Defects
               are
               ,
               in
               relation
               to
               those
               Laws
               ,
               or
               Provisions
               ,
               and
               the
               Consequences
               thereof
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               What
               may
               be
               thought
               a
               convenient
               Supply
               of
               those
               Defects
               and
               the
               Consequences
               of
               such
               supplies
               .
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
               Touching
               the
               Laws
               at
               present
               in
               force
               for
               the
               Relief
               and
               Imployment
               of
               the
               Poor
               .
            
          
           
             THe
             Laws
             relating
             to
             the
             Poor
             are
             of
             two
             kinds
             ,
             viz.
             1.
             
             Such
             as
             concern
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             Aged
             ,
             and
             Impotent
             ,
             that
             are
             not
             able
             by
             their
             labour
             to
             maintain
             themselves
             .
             2.
             
             Such
             as
             concern
             the
             imployment
             and
             setting
             of
             work
             ,
             of
             such
             as
             are
             able
             .
             And
             this
             latter
             as
             shall
             be
             shewn
             ,
             is
             the
             more
             comprehensive
             &
             beneficial
             charity
             ,
             although
             both
             
             are
             necessary
             and
             become
             us
             ,
             both
             as
             men
             and
             as
             Christians
             ;
             much
             more
             Touching
             the
             former
             of
             these
             
               viz.
            
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             impotent
             Poor
             ,
             the
             Laws
             of
             
               England
            
             have
             provided
             a
             double
             remedy
             .
             First
             ,
             by
             giving
             great
             incouragement
             to
             voluntary
             undertakings
             of
             good
             and
             liberal
             minds
             in
             this
             kind
             .
             2.
             by
             Compulsary
             means
             upon
             all
             .
          
           
             Again
             as
             touching
             the
             former
             of
             these
             ,
             the
             Statute
             of
             
               39.
               
               Eliz.
               Cap.
            
             5.
             hath
             given
             a
             great
             incouragement
             to
             such
             as
             shall
             Erect
             Hospitals
             ,
             Houses
             of
             Correction
             and
             
               Maisons
               de
               Dieu
               .
            
             And
             the
             Statutes
             of
             
               39.
               
               Eliz.
               Cap.
               6.
               and
               43.
               
               Eliz.
               Cap.
            
             4.
             have
             taken
             special
             care
             for
             
             the
             due
             imployment
             of
             gifts
             to
             charitable
             uses
             .
             And
             certainly
             such
             voluntary
             Assignations
             argue
             an
             Excellent
             and
             Charitable
             mind
             in
             those
             that
             shall
             so
             voluntarily
             give
             ;
             And
             the
             Statutes
             have
             given
             a
             fair
             Incouragement
             to
             the
             Charityes
             of
             men
             in
             this
             kind
             .
             But
             this
             provision
             doth
             but
             little
             in
             order
             to
             relief
             :
             For
             1.
             for
             the
             most
             part
             such
             Hospitals
             ,
             Extend
             but
             to
             a
             few
             aged
             Persons
             limited
             to
             some
             particular
             Town
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             in
             the
             large
             Hospitals
             ,
             in
             
               London
               ,
            
             where
             there
             is
             some
             provision
             more
             Extensive
             in
             respect
             both
             of
             number
             and
             age
             ,
             as
             St.
             
               Thomas
            
             Hospital
             ,
             
               Christ-Church
            
             Hospital
             and
             some
             others
             .
             2.
             
             But
             
             besides
             this
             those
             are
             but
             Voluntary
             and
             not
             Compulsary
             ;
             although
             there
             may
             be
             some
             that
             may
             be
             charitably
             minded
             ,
             yet
             for
             the
             most
             part
             men
             are
             backward
             in
             works
             of
             Charity
             ;
             Self
             love
             ,
             Covetousness
             ,
             distrust
             of
             the
             Truth
             and
             Providence
             of
             God
             keeps
             most
             from
             overflowing
             Charity
             or
             Building
             or
             Endowing
             Hospitals
             .
          
           
             Therefore
             there
             was
             a
             Compulsary
             laid
             upon
             men
             for
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             Poor
             within
             their
             respective
             Parishes
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             the
             Statute
             of
             43.
             
             
               Eliz.
               Cap.
               2.
            
             being
             the
             first
             compulsary
             Law
             that
             I
             remember
             of
             that
             kind
             :
             And
             indeed
             it
             now
             became
             necessary
             to
             be
             done
             by
             a
             Compulsary
             
             means
             which
             before
             that
             time
             was
             left
             more
             arbitrary
             ,
             because
             the
             Kingdom
             became
             then
             much
             more
             Populous
             than
             in
             former
             time
             and
             with
             it
             the
             Poor
             also
             greatly
             increased
             ,
             and
             besides
             many
             of
             those
             methods
             of
             their
             voluntary
             relief
             was
             then
             much
             abated
             ;
             which
             Statute
             Enables
             the
             Church-Wardens
             and
             Overseers
             ,
             &c.
             to
             do
             these
             things
             :
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 take
                 order
                 for
                 setting
                 to
                 work
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 those
                 whose
                 Parents
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 maintain
                 their
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 To
                 take
                 order
                 to
                 set
                 those
                 to
                 work
                 as
                 such
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 maintain
                 themselves
                 ,
                 use
                 no
                 ordinary
                 trade
                 .
                 But
                 provides
                 not
                 sufficient
                 
                 Compulsaries
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 To
                 raise
                 weekly
                 by
                 Taxation
                 a
                 convenient
                 stock
                 of
                 Flax
                 ,
                 Hemp
                 ,
                 
                   &c.
                
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 Poor
                 on
                 work
                 :
                 But
                 no
                 means
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Manufacture
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 wages
                 in
                 Express
                 words
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 supplyed
                 by
                 the
                 latter
                 general
                 clause
                 .
                 
                   (
                   And
                   to
                   do
                   and
                   Execute
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   disposing
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Stock
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   concerning
                   the
                   premises
                   as
                   to
                   them
                   shall
                   seem
                   convenient
                   .
                   )
                
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 To
                 raise
                 competent
                 sums
                 of
                 Money
                 for
                 the
                 impotent
                 Poor
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 work
                 .
              
               
               
                 5.
                 
                 Also
                 for
                 the
                 putting
                 of
                 Poor
                 Children
                 Apprentices
                 but
                 no
                 Compulsary
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 :
              
            
          
           
             Among
             all
             these
             Provisions
             the
             4th
             concerns
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             Poor
             by
             Taxation
             ,
             and
             Contributions
             to
             such
             as
             are
             impotent
             ,
             the
             four
             other
             particulars
             concern
             their
             Imployment
             ,
             and
             of
             such
             as
             are
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             far
             greater
             number
             .
             And
             although
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             Impotent
             Poor
             seems
             to
             be
             a
             Charity
             of
             more
             immediate
             Exigence
             yet
             the
             Imployment
             of
             the
             Poor
             is
             a
             Charity
             of
             greater
             Extent
             ,
             and
             of
             very
             great
             and
             important
             Consequence
             to
             the
             publique
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Peace
             
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             as
             also
             to
             the
             Benefit
             and
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Poor
             .
          
           
             I
             therefore
             come
             to
             that
             second
             Business
             relating
             to
             the
             Poor
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             the
             setting
             the
             Poor
             on
             Work.
             
          
           
             The
             Laws
             that
             concern
             that
             Business
             of
             the
             
               Imployment
            
             of
             the
             Poor
             are
             of
             two
             kinds
             ;
             
               viz.
            
             that
             which
             contains
             a
             Compulsary
             means
             of
             providing
             work
             for
             the
             Poor
             which
             is
             the
             Statute
             of
             
               43.
               
               Eliz.
            
             And
             secondly
             those
             Laws
             which
             are
             in
             some
             kind
             Compulsary
             to
             force
             Persons
             to
             work
             ;
             and
             these
             are
             of
             two
             kinds
             ,
             
               viz.
               
            
          
           
           
             1.
             
             Those
             that
             concern
             Children
             and
             the
             Binding
             of
             them
             Apprentices
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             the
             Clause
             of
             the
             Statute
             43.
             
             
               Eliz.
               Cap.
            
             4.
             before
             mentioned
             and
             the
             Statute
             7.
             
             
               Jac.
               Cap.
            
             1.
             which
             makes
             fair
             Provision
             for
             the
             raising
             of
             Money
             to
             bind
             them
             ,
             and
             directs
             the
             manner
             of
             its
             Imployment
             .
             But
             as
             before
             is
             observed
             ,
             hath
             not
             any
             sufficient
             Compulsary
             for
             Persons
             to
             take
             them
             ,
             &
             perchance
             there
             might
             be
             fit
             to
             have
             some
             such
             qualifications
             in
             that
             Compulsary
             which
             might
             not
             leave
             it
             too
             arbitrary
             in
             the
             Justices
             of
             Peace
             to
             compell
             whom
             they
             please
             ,
             to
             take
             whom
             they
             please
             :
             But
             this
             is
             not
             the
             Business
             ,
             I
             drive
             at
             ,
             perchance
             
             the
             general
             Provision
             which
             I
             design
             may
             make
             this
             at
             least
             not
             so
             frequently
             necessary
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             In
             reference
             to
             Rogues
             ,
             Vagabonds
             and
             Idle
             &
             disorderly
             Persons
             ,
             the
             Statute
             
               7.
               
               Jac.
               Cap.
               4.
            
             gives
             power
             to
             the
             Justices
             of
             Peace
             to
             send
             them
             to
             the
             House
             of
             Correction
             ,
             which
             they
             are
             thereby
             required
             to
             cause
             to
             be
             Erected
             .
             2.
             
             Power
             to
             the
             Master
             of
             such
             House
             of
             Correction
             to
             keep
             them
             to
             work
             .
          
           
             But
             even
             in
             this
             particular
             there
             are
             defects
             .
             1.
             
             It
             is
             not
             general
             for
             all
             Persons
             ,
             but
             at
             most
             Idle
             and
             disorderly
             Persons
             .
             2.
             
             That
             description
             is
             very
             uncertain
             in
             reference
             to
             
             such
             Persons
             ,
             and
             leaves
             the
             Justices
             either
             too
             great
             or
             too
             little
             power
             .
             3.
             
             For
             want
             of
             a
             convenient
             Stock
             to
             be
             raised
             for
             such
             Houses
             of
             Correction
             ,
             and
             advantageous
             ways
             for
             such
             work
             ,
             it
             either
             leaves
             such
             as
             are
             sent
             without
             an
             Imployment
             or
             renders
             their
             Imployment
             ungrateful
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             sinalness
             of
             the
             wages
             ,
             and
             rather
             makes
             People
             hate
             Imployment
             as
             a
             hell
             than
             to
             Entertain
             it
             as
             a
             means
             of
             a
             comfortable
             support
             ;
             which
             though
             it
             may
             be
             well
             enough
             as
             a
             punishment
             for
             disorderly
             persons
             that
             refuse
             to
             work
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             not
             applicable
             to
             those
             that
             are
             only
             idle
             ,
             it
             
             work
             :
             4.
             
             It
             is
             a
             difficult
             thing
             to
             determine
             who
             shall
             be
             said
             an
             idle
             Person
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             reasonable
             answer
             to
             that
             ,
             they
             are
             Idle
             for
             want
             of
             such
             work
             as
             they
             are
             able
             to
             do
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             such
             wages
             as
             might
             give
             them
             a
             reasonable
             support
             ;
             For
             there
             is
             no
             power
             given
             ,
             nor
             is
             it
             reasonable
             it
             should
             ,
             to
             compel
             Persons
             ,
             to
             set
             them
             on
             work
             ,
             or
             to
             set
             them
             on
             work
             at
             convenient
             wages
             .
             5.
             
             And
             lastly
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             universal
             ;
             many
             Persons
             are
             not
             within
             that
             Law
             which
             would
             work
             if
             they
             might
             :
             or
             if
             they
             might
             at
             reasonable
             rates
             ,
             whereby
             they
             might
             live
             .
             There
             is
             need
             ,
             therefore
             of
             some
             such
             
             provision
             that
             might
             be
             as
             ample
             as
             the
             occasion
             ,
             and
             without
             which
             indeed
             all
             the
             Laws
             already
             made
             are
             either
             weak
             and
             ineffectual
             to
             their
             Ends
             ,
             and
             the
             generality
             of
             the
             Poor
             left
             destitute
             of
             a
             convenient
             support
             and
             provision
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
               Touching
               the
               Power
               by
               the
               Law
               setled
               for
               the
               general
               Provision
               for
               the
               Poor
               ,
               and
               their
               defect
               .
            
          
           
             UPon
             the
             consideration
             of
             the
             Statutes
             for
             the
             Poor
             the
             only
             Statute
             that
             provides
             universally
             is
             that
             of
             
               43.
               
               Eliz.
            
             which
             generally
             makes
             two
             Provisions
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             For
             the
             Impotent
             Poor
             ,
             that
             are
             not
             able
             to
             work
             :
             
             And
             it
             is
             true
             is
             a
             good
             and
             Effectual
             Provision
             for
             such
             ,
             if
             duely
             Executed
             .
             But
             as
             I
             said
             before
             ,
             the
             Plaister
             is
             not
             so
             large
             as
             the
             sore
             ,
             there
             are
             many
             Poor
             that
             are
             able
             to
             work
             if
             they
             had
             it
             ,
             and
             had
             it
             at
             reasonable
             wages
             ,
             whereby
             they
             might
             support
             themselves
             and
             their
             Families
             ,
             which
             oftentimes
             are
             many
             .
             These
             are
             not
             within
             the
             Provision
             of
             the
             Law
             and
             if
             they
             come
             for
             Exhibitions
             ,
             they
             are
             denyed
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             have
             but
             very
             small
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             cannot
             support
             them
             and
             their
             Families
             .
             And
             indeed
             if
             they
             should
             have
             sufficient
             Exhibition
             for
             the
             support
             of
             them
             and
             their
             Families
             ,
             the
             Parishes
             
             where
             they
             live
             were
             not
             able
             to
             supply
             them
             in
             a
             proportion
             answerable
             to
             their
             necessities
             ,
             or
             answerable
             to
             that
             supply
             which
             a
             full
             Imployment
             would
             afford
             them
             ;
             For
             instance
             a
             Poor
             Man
             and
             his
             Wife
             though
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             may
             have
             four
             Children
             ,
             two
             of
             them
             possibly
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             two
             not
             able
             :
             The
             Father
             and
             the
             Mother
             are
             not
             able
             to
             maintain
             themselves
             and
             their
             Family
             in
             Meat
             ,
             Drink
             ,
             Cloathing
             and
             House-rent
             under
             ten
             Shillings
             
               per
            
             Week
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             they
             might
             probably
             get
             if
             imployed
             ;
             This
             amounts
             to
             
               26.
               l.
               per
               Annum
               ,
            
             if
             there
             were
             forty
             such
             Families
             in
             a
             great
             Parish
             ,
             
             and
             they
             lived
             upon
             this
             Exhibition
             colleited
             by
             rates
             ,
             it
             would
             arise
             to
             above
             
               800.
               l.
               per
               Annum
               ,
            
             which
             in
             many
             Parishes
             Exceeds
             the
             yearly
             Value
             of
             their
             Lands
             or
             Rents
             ,
             yet
             when
             these
             Persons
             are
             kept
             on
             work
             thus
             much
             must
             be
             gotten
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             without
             a
             supply
             Equivalent
             to
             this
             they
             must
             live
             by
             Begging
             ,
             or
             Stealing
             ,
             or
             Starve
             :
             Therefore
             the
             second
             Provision
             is
             ,
          
           
             2.
             
             For
             those
             Poor
             that
             are
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             and
             in
             reference
             to
             them
             it
             gives
             power
             to
             raise
             Stocks
             by
             rateing
             the
             Parishioners
             ,
             and
             setting
             the
             Poor
             on
             work
             .
          
           
           
             The
             defects
             of
             this
             Provision
             are
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             In
             the
             Execution
             of
             the
             Law
             already
             made
             ;
             for
             let
             any
             man
             look
             over
             most
             of
             the
             Populous
             Parishes
             in
             England
             ,
             indeed
             there
             are
             rates
             made
             for
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             Impotent
             Poor
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             be
             the
             same
             relief
             is
             also
             given
             in
             a
             narrow
             measure
             unto
             some
             others
             ,
             that
             have
             great
             Families
             ,
             and
             upon
             this
             they
             live
             miserably
             and
             at
             best
             from
             Hand
             to
             Mouth
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             cannot
             get
             work
             to
             make
             out
             their
             livelyhood
             they
             and
             their
             Children
             set
             up
             a
             trade
             of
             Begging
             at
             best
             .
             But
             it
             is
             rare
             to
             see
             any
             Provision
             of
             a
             Stock
             in
             any
             Parish
             for
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             Poor
             .
             
             And
             the
             reasons
             are
             principally
             these
             :
             1.
             
             The
             Generality
             of
             People
             that
             are
             able
             are
             yet
             unwilling
             to
             Exceed
             the
             present
             necessary
             charge
             ,
             they
             do
             choose
             to
             live
             for
             an
             hour
             rather
             than
             project
             for
             the
             future
             ;
             and
             although
             possibly
             trebling
             their
             Exhibition
             in
             one
             grofs
             sum
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             to
             raise
             a
             Stock
             might
             in
             all
             probability
             render
             their
             future
             yearly
             payments
             for
             seven
             years
             together
             less
             by
             half
             or
             two
             thirds
             ,
             than
             what
             must
             be
             without
             it
             ,
             yet
             they
             had
             rather
             continue
             on
             their
             yearly
             Payments
             ,
             year
             after
             year
             ,
             though
             it
             Exhaust
             them
             in
             time
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             Poor
             
             nothing
             the
             better
             at
             the
             years
             End.
             2.
             
             Because
             those
             places
             ,
             where
             there
             are
             most
             Poor
             ,
             consist
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Trades-men
             ,
             whose
             Estates
             lye
             principally
             in
             their
             Stocks
             ,
             which
             they
             will
             not
             endure
             to
             be
             searched
             into
             to
             make
             them
             contributary
             to
             raise
             any
             considerable
             Stock
             for
             the
             Poor
             ,
             nor
             indeed
             so
             much
             as
             to
             the
             ordinary
             Contributions
             :
             But
             they
             lay
             all
             the
             rates
             to
             the
             Poor
             upon
             the
             Rents
             of
             Lands
             and
             Houses
             ,
             which
             alone
             without
             the
             help
             of
             the
             Stocks
             are
             not
             able
             to
             raise
             a
             Stock
             for
             the
             Poor
             ,
             although
             it
             is
             very
             plain
             that
             Stocks
             are
             as
             well
             by
             Law
             rateable
             
             as
             Lands
             ,
             both
             to
             the
             relief
             ,
             and
             raising
             a
             Stock
             for
             the
             Poor
             :
             3.
             
             Because
             the
             Church-Wardens
             and
             Overseers
             ,
             to
             whom
             this
             power
             is
             given
             ,
             are
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             same
             Parish
             ,
             and
             are
             either
             unwilling
             to
             charge
             themselves
             ,
             or
             displease
             their
             Neighbours
             in
             Charging
             more
             than
             they
             needs
             must
             towards
             the
             Poor
             :
             And
             although
             it
             were
             to
             be
             wished
             and
             hoped
             that
             the
             Justices
             of
             Peace
             would
             be
             forwardly
             to
             Enforce
             them
             if
             they
             might
             ,
             though
             it
             may
             concern
             them
             also
             in
             point
             of
             present
             profit
             ,
             yet
             if
             they
             would
             do
             any
             thing
             herein
             they
             are
             not
             impowered
             to
             
             and
             Overseers
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             who
             most
             certainly
             will
             never
             go
             about
             it
             to
             burden
             as
             they
             think
             ,
             themselves
             ,
             and
             displease
             their
             Neighbours
             unless
             ,
             some
             Compulsary
             power
             were
             not
             only
             lodged
             by
             Law
             ,
             but
             also
             executed
             in
             some
             that
             may
             have
             a
             power
             over
             them
             to
             inforce
             it
             ,
             or
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             if
             they
             do
             it
             not
             ,
             and
             to
             do
             it
             effectually
             ,
             if
             they
             do
             it
             either
             partially
             or
             too
             sparingly
             :
             4.
             
             Because
             People
             do
             not
             consider
             the
             inconvenience
             that
             will
             in
             time
             grow
             to
             themselves
             by
             this
             neglect
             ,
             and
             the
             benefit
             that
             would
             in
             a
             little
             time
             accrue
             to
             them
             by
             putting
             it
             in
             practise
             if
             they
             would
             
             have
             but
             a
             little
             patience
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             shewen
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             second
             Defect
             is
             in
             the
             Law
             itself
             ;
             which
             are
             these
             :
             1.
             
             No
             power
             in
             the
             Justices
             of
             Peace
             ,
             or
             some
             Superintendent
             power
             to
             compel
             the
             raising
             of
             a
             Stock
             where
             the
             Church-Wardens
             and
             Overseers
             neglect
             it
             .
             2.
             
             The
             act
             chargeth
             every
             Parish
             apart
             where
             it
             may
             be
             they
             are
             able
             to
             do
             little
             towards
             it
             ,
             neither
             would
             it
             be
             so
             effectual
             as
             if
             three
             ,
             four
             ,
             five
             or
             more
             contiguous
             Parishes
             did
             contribute
             towards
             the
             raising
             of
             a
             Stock
             proportionable
             to
             their
             Poor
             respectively
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             There
             is
             no
             power
             for
             hireing
             or
             erecting
             a
             common
             House
             ,
             or
             place
             for
             their
             common
             Work-House
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             in
             some
             respects
             ,
             and
             upon
             some
             occasions
             ,
             useful
             and
             necessary
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             shewen
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
               The
               Remedy
               propounded
               .
            
          
           
             1.
             
             THAT
             the
             Justices
             of
             the
             Peace
             at
             the
             Quarter
             Sessions
             do
             set
             out
             &
             distribute
             the
             Parishes
             in
             their
             several
             Countiesinto
             several
             Divisions
             ,
             in
             Each
             of
             which
             there
             may
             be
             a
             Work-House
             for
             the
             common
             use
             of
             the
             respective
             Divisions
             ,
             wherein
             they
             are
             respectively
             placed
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             one
             ,
             two
             ,
             three
             ,
             four
             ,
             five
             or
             six
             Parishes
             to
             a
             
             Work-House
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             greatness
             or
             sinalness
             ,
             and
             accommodation
             of
             the
             several
             Parishes
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             at
             that
             Sessions
             the
             Church-Wardens
             and
             Overseers
             of
             the
             Poor
             of
             the
             respective
             P
             Parishes
             ,
             bring
             in
             their
             several
             rates
             for
             their
             relief
             of
             their
             respective
             Poor
             upon
             Oath
             .
             And
             that
             the
             said
             Justices
             do
             assess
             three
             ,
             four
             or
             five
             yearly
             Pays
             to
             be
             levyed
             and
             collected
             at
             one
             or
             two
             entire
             sums
             within
             the
             time
             prefixed
             by
             them
             for
             the
             raising
             of
             a
             Stock
             to
             set
             the
             Poor
             within
             those
             Precincts
             on
             work
             ,
             and
             to
             build
             or
             procure
             a
             convenient
             Work-House
             for
             imploying
             the
             Poor
             ,
             if
             need
             be
             ,
             
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             for
             lodging
             Materials
             ,
             and
             for
             instructing
             Children
             in
             the
             Trade
             or
             Work.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             there
             be
             yearly
             Chose
             by
             the
             said
             Justices
             a
             Master
             for
             Each
             Work-House
             ,
             with
             a
             convenient
             Salary
             out
             of
             the
             said
             Stock
             or
             the
             proceed
             thereof
             to
             continue
             for
             3
             years
             ,
             and
             two
             Overseers
             to
             see
             the
             Issuing
             and
             return
             of
             the
             said
             Stock
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             the
             accounts
             quarterly
             or
             monthly
             of
             the
             Master
             as
             they
             shall
             think
             fit
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             That
             the
             Stock
             be
             delivered
             to
             the
             Overseers
             ,
             and
             by
             them
             Issued
             to
             the
             Master
             ,
             as
             there
             shall
             be
             occasion
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             also
             from
             time
             to
             time
             receive
             the
             proceed
             of
             the
             
             said
             Stock
             and
             the
             accompts
             for
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             That
             at
             the
             End
             of
             every
             year
             the
             Master
             and
             Overseers
             give
             up
             their
             accounts
             to
             the
             two
             next
             Justices
             of
             the
             Peace
             at
             times
             by
             them
             prefixed
             ,
             and
             publickly
             notifyed
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Each
             Precinct
             ,
             to
             the
             End
             that
             they
             may
             take
             any
             Exceptions
             to
             such
             accounts
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             cause
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             That
             the
             Master
             and
             Overseers
             of
             every
             respective
             Work-House
             stand
             ,
             and
             be
             incorporate
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Master
             and
             Overseers
             of
             their
             respective
             Precincts
             ,
             and
             capable
             to
             take
             in
             Succession
             by
             will
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             Lands
             ,
             Goods
             ,
             
             or
             Money
             ,
             or
             other
             Legacies
             or
             Gifts
             for
             the
             Benefit
             of
             the
             Poor
             ,
             within
             their
             respective
             Precincts
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             That
             they
             also
             be
             accomptable
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             their
             respective
             Successours
             ,
             and
             also
             to
             the
             Justices
             of
             the
             Peace
             at
             their
             Quarter
             Sessions
             for
             the
             benefit
             and
             proceed
             and
             Imployment
             of
             such
             Gifts
             and
             Bequests
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             That
             they
             be
             disabled
             to
             grant
             any
             Lands
             to
             them
             given
             or
             bequeathed
             for
             any
             longer
             term
             then
             one
             Year
             ,
             and
             at
             an
             improved
             Rent
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             That
             if
             any
             Person
             that
             is
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             and
             not
             able
             to
             maintain
             himself
             ,
             shall
             refuse
             to
             do
             so
             ,
             he
             may
             be
             forced
             
             thereunto
             by
             Warrant
             of
             two
             Justices
             of
             Peace
             by
             Imprisonment
             ,
             and
             moderate
             correction
             in
             such
             Work-House
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             If
             any
             Person
             imployed
             by
             the
             Master
             ,
             shall
             imbezill
             or
             wilfully
             prejudice
             ,
             or
             spoil
             his
             work
             ,
             he
             shall
             upon
             complaint
             and
             proof
             thereof
             by
             the
             Party
             grieved
             to
             any
             Justice
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             by
             Warrant
             from
             him
             receive
             Imprisonment
             or
             moderate
             correction
             by
             Warrant
             of
             such
             Justice
             .
          
           
             These
             be
             the
             heads
             of
             that
             Provision
             ,
             I
             could
             wish
             for
             the
             setting
             the
             Poor
             on
             work
             ,
             which
             is
             but
             an
             Essay
             and
             may
             receive
             Alterations
             or
             Additions
             upon
             consideration
             .
          
           
           
             
               The
               Benefits
               ,
            
             that
             would
             come
             by
             this
             Method
             would
             be
             very
             many
             and
             great
             :
             I
             shall
             set
             down
             some
             of
             them
             that
             occur
             to
             me
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             By
             Incorporating
             of
             these
             Work-Houses
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             best
             kind
             of
             Hospitals
             ,
             charitable
             minded
             Persons
             would
             have
             as
             it
             were
             a
             Pillar
             whereunto
             to
             fasten
             their
             Charity
             ,
             which
             would
             prevent
             many
             Difficulties
             in
             the
             faithfull
             Administrations
             thereof
             ,
             and
             would
             invite
             Benefactors
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Whereas
             Hospitals
             provide
             for
             some
             few
             Poor
             Impotent
             People
             ,
             this
             would
             prevent
             Poverty
             and
             in
             a
             little
             tract
             of
             time
             bring
             up
             hundreds
             
             to
             be
             able
             to
             gain
             their
             lively
             hoods
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Whereas
             in
             that
             State
             that
             things
             are
             ,
             our
             Populousness
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             greatest
             blessing
             a
             Kingdom
             can
             have
             ,
             becomes
             the
             burden
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             by
             breeding
             up
             whole
             Races
             and
             Families
             ,
             and
             successive
             Generations
             in
             a
             mere
             Trade
             of
             Idleness
             ,
             Thieving
             ,
             Begging
             ,
             and
             a
             barbarous
             kind
             of
             life
             ,
             which
             must
             in
             time
             prodigiously
             increase
             and
             overgrow
             the
             whole
             face
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             eat
             out
             the
             heart
             of
             it
             :
             This
             course
             within
             one
             seven
             Years
             alters
             the
             whole
             State
             of
             this
             Disorder
             ,
             and
             brings
             People
             and
             their
             Children
             after
             them
             into
             
             a
             Regular
             ,
             Orderly
             and
             Industrious
             course
             of
             life
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             as
             natural
             to
             them
             as
             now
             Idleness
             ,
             and
             Begging
             ,
             and
             Theeving
             is
             .
          
           
             For
             no
             Person
             will
             have
             need
             to
             Beg
             or
             Steal
             ,
             because
             he
             may
             gain
             his
             living
             better
             by
             Working
             .
          
           
             And
             no
             man
             will
             be
             so
             vain
             ,
             and
             indeed
             hurtfull
             to
             the
             Publique
             as
             to
             give
             to
             such
             as
             Beg
             ,
             and
             thereby
             to
             encourage
             them
             ,
             when
             he
             is
             sure
             they
             may
             gain
             their
             living
             by
             Working
             .
             And
             all
             the
             Laws
             against
             Vagrants
             ,
             Beggers
             and
             Wanderers
             ,
             will
             be
             then
             Effectually
             put
             in
             Execution
             ,
             when
             we
             may
             be
             sure
             they
             may
             be
             imployed
             if
             they
             
             will
             :
             But
             till
             that
             the
             interdicting
             and
             punishing
             of
             the
             Beggers
             and
             Givers
             seems
             to
             me
             a
             most
             unreasonable
             piece
             of
             Imprudence
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Uncharitableness
             .
          
           
             4
             By
             this
             means
             the
             Wealth
             of
             the
             Nation
             will
             be
             increased
             ,
             Manufactures
             advanced
             and
             Every
             Body
             put
             into
             a
             capacity
             of
             Eating
             his
             own
             Bread
             ;
             for
             upon
             what
             imaginable
             account
             can
             we
             think
             ,
             that
             we
             should
             not
             be
             as
             able
             to
             improve
             our
             Populousness
             to
             our
             Wealth
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             
               Holland
               ,
            
             and
             
               Flanders
               ,
            
             and
             
               Berbadoes
               ,
            
             if
             we
             had
             but
             their
             Industry
             and
             Orderly
             Management
             ?
             If
             it
             be
             said
             ,
             their
             Disposition
             is
             more
             Industrious
             
             than
             ours
             :
             It
             is
             true
             in
             that
             condition
             that
             matters
             are
             ordered
             ;
             but
             if
             we
             had
             the
             same
             Industrious
             Education
             ,
             we
             should
             have
             the
             same
             Industrious
             Disposition
             :
             let
             a
             man
             ,
             one
             that
             hath
             been
             bred
             up
             in
             the
             Trade
             of
             Begging
             ,
             he
             will
             never
             ,
             unless
             complelled
             ,
             fall
             to
             Industry
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             wonderful
             Necessity
             indeed
             that
             shall
             bring
             one
             bred
             up
             in
             Civility
             ,
             and
             Industry
             ,
             to
             Beg
             ,
             as
             is
             Easily
             observable
             in
             many
             poor
             Places
             and
             Families
             .
          
           
             And
             were
             there
             no
             other
             Benefit
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             in
             general
             nor
             to
             the
             particular
             Places
             ,
             where
             such
             Work-Houses
             shall
             be
             settled
             ,
             but
             
             this
             ,
             although
             the
             Stock
             were
             wholly
             lost
             in
             four
             Years
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             an
             abundant
             Recompence
             by
             the
             accustoming
             the
             poor
             sort
             to
             a
             Civil
             and
             Industrious
             course
             of
             life
             ,
             whereby
             they
             would
             soon
             become
             ,
             not
             only
             not
             burdensom
             ,
             but
             profitable
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             Places
             where
             they
             live
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             By
             this
             means
             there
             would
             soon
             be
             an
             Improvement
             of
             the
             several
             Manufactures
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             both
             for
             the
             necessary
             Consumption
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             for
             Exportation
             ,
             whereby
             our
             Trade
             Outward
             would
             exceed
             our
             Trade
             Inward
             ,
             which
             Outward
             Trade
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             the
             Basis
             
             and
             Foundation
             of
             all
             our
             Trade
             Inward
             ;
             And
             the
             Excess
             and
             Overballance
             of
             our
             Trade
             Outward
             to
             our
             Trade
             Inward
             is
             the
             only
             means
             not
             only
             to
             keep
             our
             Money
             at
             home
             ,
             but
             to
             gain
             an
             increase
             of
             Money
             ,
             and
             so
             advanceth
             the
             true
             Intrinsique
             Wealth
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             for
             as
             of
             our
             Hand
             if
             our
             Trade
             Outward
             Exceed
             our
             Trade
             Inward
             the
             Excess
             must
             of
             Necessity
             be
             returned
             in
             Money
             or
             Bullion
             ,
             so
             if
             our
             Trade
             Inward
             Exceed
             our
             Trade
             Outward
             ,
             the
             Excess
             must
             be
             made
             good
             from
             hence
             in
             Money
             ,
             which
             must
             needs
             insensibly
             impoverish
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             Experience
             makes
             us
             know
             it
             to
             
             be
             true
             :
             Now
             the
             Advance
             of
             our
             Manufactures
             would
             be
             by
             this
             means
             plainly
             Evident
             ,
             for
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             or
             Cloath
             ,
             the
             Staple
             Commodity
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             would
             be
             more
             ,
             &
             these
             other
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ,
             as
             Kersyes
             ,
             Serges
             ,
             Baize
             ,
             which
             ,
             though
             now
             confined
             to
             several
             parts
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             as
             
               Devonshire
               ,
               Norfolk
               ,
               Colchester
               ,
            
             would
             be
             by
             this
             means
             diffused
             over
             the
             whole
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             those
             Places
             which
             have
             little
             of
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             as
             
               Lincolnshire
               ,
               Northamptonshire
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Counties
             ,
             would
             soon
             fall
             into
             it
             ;
             So
             likewise
             knitting
             of
             Stockings
             ,
             Capps
             ,
             Wast-Coats
             and
             the
             like
             .
             2.
             
             
             Our
             Linnen
             Manufactures
             ,
             as
             Linnen
             Cloath
             ,
             Laces
             of
             all
             forts
             ,
             Nets
             ,
             Sails
             ,
             &c.
             would
             become
             native
             ,
             and
             supply
             the
             Want
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             prevent
             the
             necessity
             of
             Importation
             of
             Linnen
             Cloath
             from
             
               Holland
            
             and
             
               France
               ,
            
             of
             Laces
             from
             
               Flanders
               :
            
             And
             as
             this
             trade
             is
             in
             some
             degree
             used
             in
             
               Lancashire
               ,
               Leicestershire
               ,
            
             and
             some
             other
             Places
             ,
             so
             it
             would
             be
             communicated
             to
             other
             Places
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             And
             it
             is
             very
             considerable
             the
             numbers
             of
             Poor
             that
             would
             be
             by
             this
             means
             imployed
             in
             dressing
             of
             Hemp
             and
             Flax
             ,
             Spinning
             ,
             Weaving
             ,
             Whitening
             and
             the
             like
             .
             And
             if
             any
             shall
             say
             ,
             we
             want
             the
             Materials
             
             terials
             ,
             and
             we
             want
             those
             that
             should
             instruct
             the
             Poor
             in
             the
             Ordering
             of
             them
             ,
             The
             Answer
             is
             at
             hand
             ;
             If
             once
             the
             Manufacture
             were
             begun
             to
             be
             put
             into
             a
             Method
             by
             this
             way
             ,
             all
             men
             would
             quickly
             sow
             Hemp
             and
             Flax
             in
             some
             Parcels
             of
             their
             Tillage
             ,
             and
             possibly
             some
             Lands
             that
             were
             not
             so
             fit
             for
             other
             Tillage
             would
             be
             imployed
             in
             this
             :
             two
             Acres
             of
             Hemp
             and
             Flax
             in
             every
             Parish
             would
             imploy
             multitudes
             ,
             which
             now
             People
             neglect
             to
             sow
             because
             they
             have
             no
             way
             to
             vent
             or
             imploy
             it
             :
             And
             for
             Instructors
             ,
             when
             once
             the
             alarm
             is
             abroad
             of
             such
             a
             design
             ,
             it
             will
             draw
             over
             Workmen
             
             from
             other
             Forreign
             Parts
             ;
             and
             by
             this
             means
             we
             gained
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             recovered
             the
             Skill
             of
             making
             Woollen
             Cloath
             from
             other
             Parts
             ,
             as
             appears
             by
             undenyable
             Evidence
             .
             And
             if
             it
             shall
             be
             said
             that
             this
             will
             defraud
             and
             straiten
             us
             of
             Labourers
             in
             our
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ;
             there
             can
             be
             no
             fear
             of
             that
             ;
             for
             we
             have
             Poor
             enough
             to
             be
             imployed
             in
             both
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             most
             certain
             ,
             that
             the
             Populousness
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             still
             increaseth
             ,
             notwithstanding
             its
             great
             Exhaustings
             by
             Wars
             and
             Plagues
             ,
             &
             Forrein
             Plantations
             ,
             and
             consequently
             the
             Poor
             will
             be
             proportionably
             increased
             ,
             so
             that
             we
             may
             reasonably
             
             suppose
             that
             in
             one
             seven
             Years
             ,
             by
             the
             blessing
             of
             God
             ,
             the
             very
             proceeds
             ,
             that
             will
             be
             able
             and
             fit
             to
             work
             ,
             of
             poor
             Families
             ,
             will
             be
             more
             than
             double
             to
             what
             they
             are
             now
             ,
             which
             will
             continually
             increase
             in
             a
             kind
             of
             Geometrical
             Progression
             ,
             whereby
             there
             will
             be
             enough
             for
             double
             the
             imployment
             that
             is
             now
             for
             them
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             By
             the
             means
             of
             these
             Work-Houses
             ,
             there
             will
             be
             an
             Opportunity
             for
             One
             or
             Two
             Persons
             ,
             skilled
             in
             any
             Manufacture
             ,
             to
             instruct
             Twenty
             in
             the
             Trades
             ,
             by
             common
             Resort
             ,
             Meeting
             and
             dayly
             Residence
             of
             Children
             and
             young
             People
             there
             ;
             and
             
             there
             may
             be
             Opportunity
             ,
             to
             teach
             Children
             to
             read
             without
             any
             interruption
             ,
             in
             the
             Imployments
             of
             them
             that
             are
             able
             to
             teach
             them
             ,
             or
             of
             them
             that
             are
             able
             to
             work
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             By
             this
             means
             the
             yearly
             Contributions
             for
             the
             Necessary
             relief
             of
             Poor
             ,
             that
             are
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             and
             their
             Families
             ,
             and
             those
             kind
             of
             Contributions
             which
             in
             time
             will
             be
             impossible
             to
             support
             the
             Poor
             ,
             will
             be
             changed
             into
             a
             supply
             Every
             way
             more
             easy
             for
             them
             that
             are
             to
             pay
             ,
             though
             at
             first
             it
             may
             require
             a
             more
             liberal
             assistance
             for
             the
             raising
             of
             the
             Stocks
             ,
             and
             Every
             way
             
             more
             beneficial
             and
             advantageous
             for
             the
             Poor
             ;
             First
             ,
             Because
             they
             will
             hereby
             be
             educated
             and
             inured
             to
             a
             way
             of
             Civility
             and
             Industry
             .
             2.
             
             They
             will
             gain
             a
             Trade
             ,
             which
             will
             go
             along
             with
             them
             as
             the
             constant
             support
             of
             their
             lives
             .
             3.
             
             The
             Wages
             that
             they
             will
             gain
             will
             be
             a
             greater
             and
             better
             support
             than
             they
             can
             have
             by
             any
             Contributions
             that
             are
             able
             to
             be
             assessed
             for
             them
             for
             they
             may
             be
             able
             to
             gain
             ,
             Two
             ,
             Three
             ,
             Four
             ,
             Five
             and
             Six
             Shillings
             a
             Week
             ,
             for
             Every
             Person
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             which
             is
             five
             times
             more
             than
             their
             weekly
             or
             yearly
             Contributions
             do
             or
             can
             amount
             unto
             ,
             without
             Exhausting
             more
             
             than
             the
             Revenues
             of
             the
             Parishes
             ,
             wherein
             these
             Poor
             are
             in
             many
             places
             :
             And
             this
             shall
             be
             demonstrated
             to
             the
             Eye
             of
             any
             that
             will
             consider
             this
             instance
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             Exactly
             tryed
             ,
             and
             Examined
             ,
             and
             found
             to
             be
             true
             :
             The
             ordinary
             Process
             and
             
               time
               ,
               and
               charge
               of
            
             making
             
               a
               common
               Course
               medly
               Cloth
            
             of
             our
             
               Gloucester
               shire
            
             Wooll
             at
             this
             day
             is
             ;
             1.
             
             In
             Every
             such
             Cloath
             of
             about
             32
             Yards
             long
             there
             is
             Ninety
             Pounds
             of
             Wooll
             ,
             which
             will
             cost
             at
             this
             day
             at
             
               12
               d.
               per
            
             Pound
             Four
             Pounds
             10
             s
             .
             
               viz.
            
             ordinary
             in
             a
             grey
             Cloath
             .
          
           
           
             
               54
               l.
               of
               Abb.
               4
               l.
               10
               s
               .
            
             
               34
               l.
               of
               Warp
               .
               4
               l.
               10
               s
               .
            
             
               2
               l.
               of
               Mixture
               .
               4
               l.
               10
               s
               .
            
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Charge
             of
             making
             this
             Cloath
             :
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
                 
                   s
                   .
                
                 
                   d.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   1
                   Parting
                   &
                   Picking
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   3
                
                 
                   0
                
              
               
                 
                   2
                   Colouring
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   16
                
                 
                   0
                
              
               
                 
                   3
                   Breaking
                   &
                   Spinning
                   the
                   Abb
                   at
                   two
                   pence
                   farthing
                   
                     per
                  
                   l.
                   
                
                 
                   1
                
                 
                   7
                
                 
                   9
                
              
               
                 
                   4
                   Breaking
                   &
                   Spinning
                   the
                   Warp
                   at
                   5
                   d.
                   
                     per
                  
                   l.
                   
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   18
                
                 
                   6
                
              
               
                 
                   5
                   Cards
                   and
                   Oyl
                
                 
                   1
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   0
                
              
               
                 
                   6
                   Weaving
                   ,
                   Spooling
                   and
                   Warping
                
                 
                   1
                
                 
                   1
                
                 
                   3
                
              
               
                 
                   7
                   Milling
                   and
                   Burling
                   .
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   12
                
                 
                   0
                
              
               
                 
                   
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
                 
                   s
                   .
                
                 
                   d.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   8
                   Shearing
                   and
                   Dressing
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   18
                
                 
                   0
                
              
               
                 
                   9
                   Drawing
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   1
                
                 
                   6
                
              
               
                 
                   10
                   Carriage
                   and
                   Facturage
                
                 
                   0
                
                 
                   7
                
                 
                   0
                
              
            
          
           
             So
             the
             whole
             Charge
             comes
             to
             11
             l.
             15
             s
             .
          
           
             Out
             of
             which
             deducting
             the
             Materials
             of
             Wooll
             ,
             and
             Cards
             ,
             and
             Oyl
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             5
             l.
             10
             s
             .
          
           
             Their
             remains
             Entirely
             for
             the
             Expence
             of
             work
             amount
             to
             6
             l.
             5
             s
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             at
             this
             day
             this
             Cloath
             yields
             not
             above
             12
             l.
             to
             be
             sold
             ,
             which
             is
             only
             5
             s
             .
             profit
             ,
             but
             when
             Trade
             is
             quicker
             it
             may
             yield
             13
             l.
             or
             more
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             that
             are
             imployed
             
             in
             bringing
             about
             this
             Cloath
             to
             be
             ready
             are
             14
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             3
             Weavers
             and
             Spoolers
             ,
             2
             Breakers
             ,
             six
             Spinners
             ,
             one
             Fuller
             and
             Burler
             ,
             one
             Sheerman
             ,
             one
             Parter
             and
             Picker
             :
             The
             Weavers
             supply
             the
             Office
             of
             Spooler
             and
             Warper
             .
          
           
             These
             will
             bring
             about
             the
             first
             Cloath
             in
             about
             two
             Moneths
             space
             :
             But
             being
             continued
             in
             a
             constant
             tract
             the
             Cloath
             will
             be
             brought
             about
             in
             three
             weeks
             time
             ,
             for
             all
             the
             other
             Workmen
             are
             at
             work
             and
             fit
             the
             Cloath
             for
             the
             Weaver
             in
             that
             space
             that
             he
             is
             Weaving
             the
             first
             Cloath
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Consequently
             this
             one
             Loom
             thus
             imployed
             all
             the
             Year
             round
             allowing
             two
             
             Months
             to
             the
             first
             Cloath
             ,
             and
             three
             Weeks
             to
             every
             other
             ,
             will
             make
             fourteen
             returns
             the
             first
             Year
             of
             Cloath
             ready
             for
             sale
             and
             sixteen
             returns
             Every
             Year
             after
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Consequently
             that
             which
             this
             yields
             for
             bare
             Wages
             to
             these
             14
             poor
             Workmen
             for
             the
             first
             Year
             is
             Eighty
             seven
             Pounds
             ten
             Shillings
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             following
             Years
             is
             Ninety
             seven
             Pounds
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             Computation
             it
             is
             Easy
             to
             see
             what
             Every
             Workman
             can
             gain
             a
             Week
             being
             full
             imployed
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             About
             one
             hundred
             Pounds
             Stock
             will
             for
             ever
             keep
             
             this
             Looms
             work
             going
             ,
             and
             maintain
             these
             fourteen
             Workmen
             ,
             and
             consequently
             a
             Stock
             of
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             will
             keep
             on
             foot
             four
             Looms
             work
             ,
             and
             keep
             on
             Work
             fifty
             six
             Persons
             ,
             and
             be
             able
             to
             abide
             the
             ordinary
             delays
             of
             sale
             incident
             to
             the
             Markets
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             But
             if
             it
             could
             be
             supposed
             that
             the
             Cloath
             could
             be
             sold
             as
             soon
             as
             made
             (
             which
             is
             not
             I
             confess
             reasonably
             to
             be
             Expected
             )
             then
             a
             Stock
             of
             four
             and
             twenty
             Pounds
             would
             by
             its
             continual
             return
             provide
             Materials
             ,
             and
             pay
             the
             Workmen
             for
             one
             Looms
             work
             in
             perpetuity
             :
             But
             because
             the
             returns
             by
             sale
             
             cannot
             be
             as
             speedy
             as
             the
             work
             is'done
             ,
             the
             Stock
             must
             be
             near
             100
             l.
             to
             abide
             the
             delay
             of
             a
             Month
             ,
             two
             ,
             three
             ,
             four
             or
             more
             ,
             in
             point
             of
             sale
             ,
             and
             likewise
             to
             buy
             Wooll
             seasonably
             for
             Work.
             And
             by
             this
             it
             appears
             that
             although
             one
             hundred
             pounds
             Stock
             by
             its
             16
             returns
             yields
             but
             an
             inconsiderable
             advantage
             to
             the
             Master
             at
             five
             Shillings
             
               per
            
             Cloath
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             but
             four
             Pounds
             in
             the
             Year
             ,
             yet
             it
             yields
             a
             considerable
             advantage
             to
             the
             poor
             Workers
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             near
             one
             hundred
             Pounds
             
               per
               annum
               ;
            
             and
             consequently
             a
             Stock
             of
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             yields
             near
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             
               per
               annum
               .
            
             And
             conse
             
             sequently
             these
             fifty
             six
             poor
             People
             that
             are
             kept
             on
             work
             with
             this
             Stock
             of
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             could
             not
             live
             better
             ,
             if
             the
             Parish
             were
             at
             the
             yearly
             pension
             of
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             
               per
               annum
               ,
            
             to
             relieve
             them
             ,
             nor
             indeed
             so
             well
             ,
             considering
             they
             are
             by
             this
             means
             kept
             in
             a
             way
             of
             imployment
             and
             honest
             industry
             ;
             And
             yet
             without
             some
             supply
             either
             by
             Wages
             or
             Contribution
             those
             fifty
             six
             poor
             People
             being
             destitute
             of
             Wages
             or
             Contributions
             to
             this
             value
             or
             near
             it
             ,
             must
             live
             by
             stealing
             or
             begging
             ,
             or
             starve
             .
          
           
           
             And
             let
             it
             be
             also
             considered
             that
             this
             Stock
             thus
             raised
             and
             set
             going
             maintains
             it self
             by
             a
             perpetual
             circulation
             and
             vicissitude
             ,
             without
             any
             considerable
             help
             by
             any
             farther
             supply
             ,
             and
             yet
             perpetually
             countervails
             a
             Contribution
             of
             near
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             
               per
               annum
            
             for
             the
             relief
             of
             these
             fifty
             six
             poor
             Persons
             .
          
           
             By
             all
             which
             it
             will
             appear
             that
             the
             advantage
             of
             a
             Stock
             imployed
             ,
             and
             once
             set
             on
             foot
             doth
             countervail
             a
             great
             Contribution
             and
             indeed
             greater
             then
             can
             be
             raised
             and
             yearly
             continued
             by
             most
             places
             ,
             and
             will
             at
             least
             in
             time
             render
             those
             
             yearly
             constant
             Contributions
             lower
             and
             less
             needful
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             But
             yet
             farther
             ,
             by
             this
             means
             there
             will
             be
             a
             reasonable
             gage
             set
             to
             Wages
             of
             Workmen
             :
             It
             is
             not
             unknown
             how
             that
             some
             covetous
             Masters
             in
             hard
             times
             ,
             if
             they
             are
             well
             stocked
             and
             of
             abilities
             ,
             will
             set
             on
             work
             many
             Poor
             ,
             but
             they
             must
             take
             such
             Wages
             as
             they
             are
             not
             able
             to
             live
             upon
             ,
             and
             that
             also
             many
             times
             paid
             in
             Corn
             ,
             Wooll
             ,
             Cheese
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             at
             rates
             high
             enough
             :
             And
             indeed
             if
             they
             will
             work
             upon
             these
             terms
             they
             may
             ,
             but
             if
             not
             they
             turn
             them
             off
             ,
             or
             not
             imploy
             them
             ,
             and
             
             thereupon
             the
             poor
             Workmen
             not
             being
             able
             to
             live
             without
             work
             ,
             and
             having
             no
             place
             to
             resort
             for
             any
             ,
             are
             under
             a
             necessity
             of
             working
             to
             them
             at
             inconsiderable
             rates
             .
             And
             such
             Masters
             make
             greater
             advantage
             by
             this
             means
             when
             trade
             is
             low
             then
             when
             it
             is
             open
             :
             But
             by
             this
             means
             there
             would
             be
             a
             refuge
             for
             the
             Poor
             to
             be
             imployed
             at
             reasonable
             Wages
             ;
             and
             the
             reason
             is
             Evident
             ,
             because
             this
             being
             but
             an
             Expedient
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             for
             gain
             to
             the
             Master
             as
             for
             Imployment
             for
             the
             Poor
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             the
             Stock
             makes
             but
             good
             it self
             ,
             or
             be
             managed
             without
             considerable
             loss
             ,
             it
             attains
             its
             End
             ,
             and
             
             therefore
             may
             give
             competent
             Wages
             .
             But
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             the
             Trading-Master
             looks
             for
             his
             profit
             ,
             and
             if
             his
             Stock
             turns
             not
             to
             him
             for
             gain
             he
             gives
             over
             ,
             or
             reduceth
             the
             Workman
             to
             inconsiderable
             Wages
             that
             his
             own
             gain
             may
             be
             the
             greater
             .
             And
             although
             it
             may
             be
             there
             be
             some
             honest
             minded
             and
             charitable
             Masters
             that
             will
             be
             content
             for
             some
             time
             to
             imploy
             their
             Stock
             though
             without
             gain
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             but
             rare
             to
             be
             found
             and
             such
             as
             commonly
             hold
             not
             out
             long
             unless
             they
             find
             profit
             though
             perchance
             they
             suffer
             no
             loss
             :
             
             These
             be
             some
             of
             those
             Considerations
             that
             shew
             the
             usefulness
             of
             this
             Expedient
             :
             I
             shall
             now
             consider
             some
             of
             the
             
               Objections
            
             that
             may
             be
             made
             against
             it
             :
             
               1.
               
               Ob.
            
             It
             is
             a
             great
             business
             to
             raise
             for
             the
             purpose
             four
             Years
             Pay
             at
             once
             to
             make
             up
             a
             Stock
             ,
             and
             yearly
             Contributions
             are
             more
             Easy
             .
          
           
             I
             answer
             ,
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             and
             yet
             the
             advantage
             even
             to
             the
             objecters
             themselves
             is
             even
             to
             their
             sense
             apparently
             great
             :
             If
             a
             man
             had
             a
             Rent
             of
             Inheritance
             issuing
             out
             of
             his
             Land
             ,
             he
             
             would
             not
             think
             much
             of
             giving
             sixteen
             Years
             purchase
             to
             buy
             it
             in
             :
             And
             the
             charge
             that
             goes
             out
             for
             the
             Poor
             as
             it
             is
             as
             much
             and
             as
             certain
             a
             Charge
             as
             a
             Rent
             ,
             so
             it
             is
             evident
             to
             us
             that
             it
             hath
             increased
             yearly
             ,
             and
             of
             necessity
             the
             longer
             things
             are
             continued
             in
             this
             careless
             way
             it
             must
             increase
             in
             an
             Excessive
             Proportion
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             four
             Years
             Purchase
             to
             abate
             it
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             were
             but
             to
             keep
             it
             at
             a
             Stay
             ,
             were
             good
             husbandry
             .
             2.
             
             Besides
             this
             ,
             let
             a
             man
             consider
             what
             other
             losses
             do
             accrue
             by
             the
             want
             of
             a
             due
             Provision
             of
             Work
             ,
             and
             an
             industrious
             Education
             for
             the
             Poor
             ,
             in
             
             thieving
             and
             stealing
             ,
             and
             sending
             such
             Malefactors
             to
             Goals
             at
             the
             charges
             of
             the
             Parish
             ,
             in
             Prosecuting
             them
             at
             Assizes
             and
             Sessions
             ,
             in
             cutting
             and
             destroying
             of
             Woods
             ,
             pulling
             of
             Hedges
             ,
             and
             trespasses
             to
             Corn
             and
             Grass
             thereby
             ,
             in
             Alms
             giving
             at
             the
             door
             ;
             these
             would
             be
             ,
             if
             not
             altogether
             prevented
             ,
             yet
             ,
             in
             a
             great
             measure
             they
             would
             ,
             when
             that
             most
             unchristian
             and
             indeed
             inhumane
             way
             of
             Living
             among
             most
             ordinary
             indigent
             People
             is
             remedied
             by
             convenient
             Imployment
             and
             Wages
             .
          
           
           
             
               2.
               
               Obj.
            
             But
             there
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             Idle
             People
             ,
             that
             will
             rather
             begg
             then
             work
             though
             they
             may
             be
             imployed
             ,
             and
             so
             that
             trade
             of
             Begging
             and
             Idleness
             would
             be
             still
             continued
             .
          
           
             I
             Answer
             1.
             
             That
             we
             do
             surmise
             a
             Compulsary
             Law
             to
             inforce
             Idle
             Persons
             to
             work
             ,
             which
             would
             prevent
             it
             .
             2.
             
             By
             this
             means
             the
             Benefit
             of
             Working
             would
             Exceed
             the
             Benefit
             of
             Begging
             which
             would
             cause
             Persons
             to
             leave
             it
             .
             3.
             
             By
             the
             Educating
             of
             Children
             in
             a
             way
             of
             Industry
             there
             would
             be
             gradually
             a
             Disaccustomedness
             to
             that
             way
             which
             would
             in
             time
             quite
             remove
             it
             .
             But
             4.
             
             
             When
             men
             were
             once
             assured
             by
             a
             clear
             Evidence
             that
             the
             Poor
             might
             have
             Work
             upon
             reasonable
             terms
             ,
             no
             man
             would
             give
             ,
             the
             Laws
             against
             Wanderers
             that
             were
             able
             to
             work
             ,
             and
             against
             the
             relievers
             of
             such
             ,
             would
             be
             cheerfully
             put
             in
             Execution
             ,
             which
             now
             men
             even
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             common
             charity
             cannot
             bring
             themselves
             to
             .
          
           
             
               3.
               
               Obj.
            
             But
             what
             considerable
             advantage
             would
             such
             a
             Stock
             as
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             do
             when
             perchance
             in
             a
             time
             of
             trading
             four
             or
             five
             thousand
             Pounds
             imployed
             by
             Masters
             in
             a
             Parish
             is
             but
             enough
             to
             set
             
             their
             Poor
             on
             Work
             ,
             where
             it
             may
             be
             there
             are
             two
             or
             three
             hundred
             Persons
             that
             are
             thus
             imployed
             .
          
           
             I
             answer
             ,
             It
             would
             be
             a
             great
             help
             to
             the
             Poor
             in
             a
             time
             of
             scarcity
             of
             Work
             ,
             although
             it
             should
             lye
             still
             in
             a
             time
             of
             plenty
             of
             Work.
             The
             supply
             of
             Work
             ,
             for
             a
             Month
             ,
             or
             two
             ,
             or
             three
             ,
             in
             a
             Year
             ,
             when
             Traders
             for
             Advantage
             give
             over
             ,
             keeps
             Industry
             on
             the
             Wheels
             ,
             and
             yields
             a
             considerable
             supply
             .
             2.
             
             In
             good
             times
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             no
             need
             of
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             as
             capable
             of
             Increase
             and
             Improvement
             ,
             being
             imployed
             as
             private
             mens
             Stocks
             are
             ,
             
             which
             would
             inlarge
             it
             ,
             or
             at
             lest
             inable
             it
             to
             bear
             some
             loss
             in
             times
             of
             lowness
             of
             Trade
             .
             3.
             
             If
             once
             such
             a
             Stock
             were
             going
             it
             would
             not
             only
             increase
             by
             it self
             ,
             but
             it
             would
             have
             continual
             accession
             by
             Charitable
             Gifts
             ,
             which
             would
             do
             five
             times
             the
             good
             thus
             imployed
             than
             imployed
             as
             they
             are
             in
             Doles
             and
             little
             yearly
             Pensions
             ,
             which
             consume
             and
             come
             to
             nothing
             ,
             but
             are
             swallowed
             up
             in
             the
             present
             necessity
             of
             the
             Poor
             ,
             and
             leave
             but
             small
             signs
             of
             Advantage
             behind
             them
             :
             Whereas
             the
             following
             of
             the
             Method
             now
             propounded
             will
             at
             least
             leave
             
             the
             Persons
             ,
             to
             whom
             it
             is
             applyed
             the
             Advantage
             of
             an
             Industrious
             Education
             and
             Profession
             ,
             which
             will
             abide
             by
             them
             .
          
           
             
               4.
               
               Obj.
            
             But
             men
             ,
             that
             are
             concerned
             for
             their
             own
             Benefit
             in
             the
             prosecution
             of
             their
             Trade
             ,
             as
             for
             instance
             of
             Cloathing
             ,
             and
             consequently
             more
             careful
             than
             Persons
             imployed
             for
             others
             ,
             yet
             do
             lose
             by
             their
             Trading
             ,
             and
             many
             times
             impair
             their
             Stocks
             ;
             and
             therefore
             this
             ,
             that
             cannot
             be
             expected
             to
             be
             neither
             so
             industriously
             nor
             successfully
             managed
             ,
             may
             be
             in
             the
             same
             condition
             .
          
           
           
             I
             Answer
             .
             1.
             in
             general
             .
             In
             this
             way
             there
             must
             needs
             be
             one
             of
             these
             Events
             :
             1.
             
             Either
             there
             will
             be
             
               Gain
               ,
            
             and
             then
             it
             doth
             improve
             the
             Stock
             ,
             and
             lays
             up
             an
             Advantage
             that
             may
             compensate
             a
             former
             loss
             and
             enable
             the
             bearing
             of
             a
             future
             loss
             .
             And
             I
             know
             no
             reason
             but
             that
             in
             this
             management
             there
             may
             be
             some
             times
             at
             least
             of
             Advantage
             as
             well
             as
             in
             private
             Trading
             .
             The
             times
             are
             not
             alwayes
             at
             a
             stand
             in
             Trade
             ,
             but
             some
             times
             ,
             and
             most
             ordinarily
             there
             is
             some
             gains
             in
             it
             ,
             though
             not
             so
             much
             as
             at
             other
             times
             ;
             and
             
             then
             the
             good
             times
             make
             amends
             for
             the
             bad
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Or
             else
             ,
             though
             there
             be
             
               no
               gain
               ,
            
             there
             will
             be
             no
             loss
             ,
             but
             it
             stands
             at
             a
             stay
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             doth
             so
             this
             design
             attains
             its
             End
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Imployment
             of
             the
             Poor
             .
             Though
             it
             yields
             not
             the
             Master
             or
             Trader
             any
             gain
             ,
             yet
             it
             yields
             the
             Poor
             a
             subsistence
             in
             their
             Wages
             and
             Work.
             It
             is
             true
             a
             private
             Tradesman
             looks
             to
             gain
             so
             much
             as
             may
             at
             least
             maintain
             himself
             and
             his
             Family
             .
             And
             if
             he
             doth
             not
             he
             gives
             over
             his
             Trading
             ,
             as
             not
             answering
             his
             end
             ;
             and
             it
             may
             be
             in
             some
             cases
             reasonable
             to
             
             do
             so
             :
             But
             though
             here
             be
             little
             or
             no
             gain
             ,
             yet
             the
             End
             is
             attained
             ,
             because
             the
             Poor
             are
             imployed
             and
             paid
             though
             the
             Stock
             increase
             not
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Or
             else
             there
             
               is
               Loss
               .
            
             To
             this
             I
             say
             ;
             1.
             
             If
             there
             be
             Loss
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             but
             gradual
             ,
             not
             altogether
             .
             Suppose
             it
             be
             twenty
             ,
             thirty
             ,
             or
             forty
             Pounds
             in
             a
             Year
             ,
             in
             a
             Stock
             of
             four
             hundred
             Pounds
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             account
             ,
             yet
             this
             Stock
             will
             not
             be
             wholly
             exhausted
             in
             five
             or
             six
             Years
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             should
             be
             so
             ,
             yet
             the
             Loss
             to
             the
             Parish
             would
             not
             be
             more
             than
             it
             would
             be
             if
             its
             old
             course
             of
             contribution
             at
             the
             height
             that
             
             it
             would
             have
             been
             during
             the
             spending
             of
             that
             Stock
             which
             is
             thereby
             ,
             as
             before
             is
             observed
             ,
             in
             a
             great
             measure
             remedied
             :
             2.
             
             These
             decays
             may
             possibly
             be
             repaired
             by
             charitable
             Gifts
             and
             Bequests
             .
             3.
             
             But
             if
             it
             were
             not
             ,
             yet
             such
             gradual
             decays
             may
             be
             supplyed
             by
             the
             Parishes
             with
             the
             same
             Ease
             that
             their
             contribution
             would
             have
             been
             ,
             all
             things
             considered
             ,
             and
             possibly
             better
             times
             of
             Trade
             may
             happen
             at
             least
             once
             in
             two
             or
             three
             Years
             which
             may
             repair
             the
             loss
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             keep
             the
             Stock
             at
             its
             full
             gage
             with
             small
             helps
             :
             4.
             
             But
             suppose
             the
             worst
             and
             that
             in
             the
             
             Compass
             of
             three
             or
             four
             Years
             the
             whole
             Stock
             were
             wholly
             drawn
             dry
             ;
             I
             say
             confidently
             ,
             that
             the
             Advantage
             the
             Country
             would
             have
             by
             a
             course
             of
             industrious
             Education
             of
             the
             Poor
             continued
             but
             one
             three
             or
             four
             Years
             ,
             will
             more
             then
             countervail
             the
             loss
             of
             a
             very
             considerable
             Stock
             ,
             in
             preventing
             that
             Trade
             of
             Idleness
             which
             grows
             up
             in
             Poor
             Families
             which
             will
             dayly
             infinitely
             increase
             ,
             and
             will
             receive
             a
             very
             great
             check
             and
             possibly
             such
             as
             will
             for
             ever
             prevent
             the
             return
             of
             such
             a
             course
             of
             life
             by
             the
             interruption
             of
             a
             tract
             of
             three
             or
             four
             Years
             of
             Imployment
             ,
             and
             will
             put
             
             thousands
             in
             that
             tract
             of
             time
             into
             a
             course
             of
             trade
             and
             livelyhood
             which
             they
             will
             carry
             with
             them
             all
             their
             lives
             after
             .
             5.
             
             And
             besides
             all
             this
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             likely
             the
             trade
             will
             suffer
             a
             perpetual
             interruption
             ,
             but
             Even
             while
             this
             Stock
             is
             in
             this
             wane
             and
             declination
             ,
             private
             men
             will
             be
             trading
             ,
             and
             then
             in
             this
             decay
             and
             declination
             of
             the
             Stock
             (
             if
             it
             should
             be
             unsupplyed
             )
             there
             will
             be
             Work
             at
             private
             hands
             ,
             and
             Persons
             instructed
             and
             fitted
             and
             able
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             which
             may
             prevent
             a
             total
             interruption
             of
             an
             industrious
             Education
             and
             may
             give
             some
             intervals
             of
             relaxation
             of
             the
             Imployment
             
             of
             the
             common
             Stock
             ,
             at
             least
             in
             that
             fullness
             as
             formerly
             ,
             till
             it
             be
             recruited
             by
             new
             supplyes
             .
             6.
             
             But
             yet
             farther
             ,
             the
             Method
             of
             the
             proposed
             Imployment
             though
             it
             be
             principally
             bottomed
             upon
             the
             trade
             of
             Woollen
             Cloathing
             yet
             it
             will
             have
             other
             supplyes
             ,
             as
             is
             propounded
             ,
             as
             making
             of
             Kersyes
             ,
             Baize
             ,
             Knitting
             of
             Stockings
             ,
             dressing
             &
             ordering
             of
             Hemp
             and
             Flax
             ,
             and
             Spinning
             and
             Weaving
             it
             .
             And
             though
             there
             were
             no
             other
             but
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             yet
             if
             it
             should
             please
             our
             Superiors
             to
             interdict
             the
             Wearing
             of
             forrein
             Manufactures
             ,
             our
             own
             consumption
             at
             home
             and
             the
             
             necessity
             that
             they
             have
             in
             forrein
             parts
             of
             our
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             would
             double
             the
             Trade
             of
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             
               5.
               
               Obj.
            
             The
             Poor
             have
             Work
             already
             if
             they
             will
             work
             ,
             and
             the
             setting
             up
             of
             such
             a
             publique
             Trade
             will
             but
             make
             Workmen
             the
             more
             independent
             ,
             and
             decline
             the
             Imployment
             of
             private
             Traders
             which
             will
             tend
             to
             the
             decay
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             I
             Answer
             I.
             It
             is
             true
             when
             Trading
             is
             quick
             possibly
             they
             may
             have
             Work
             enough
             but
             upon
             any
             check
             in
             Trade
             they
             
             are
             oftentimes
             turned
             off
             unless
             they
             will
             work
             at
             Extream
             low
             Wages
             and
             ill
             paid
             .
             2.
             
             When
             work
             is
             so
             plenteous
             at
             private
             hands
             there
             may
             be
             an
             intermission
             or
             relaxation
             of
             the
             Imployment
             of
             the
             common
             Stock
             :
             Especially
             if
             they
             can
             have
             better
             Wages
             at
             private
             hands
             ;
             for
             it
             will
             be
             enough
             for
             this
             to
             be
             supplemental
             of
             the
             defects
             of
             work
             at
             others
             hands
             ,
             and
             it
             sufficiently
             attains
             its
             End
             if
             it
             may
             be
             a
             refuge
             at
             the
             time
             of
             need
             for
             those
             that
             would
             work
             and
             cannot
             get
             it
             ,
             and
             an
             Expedient
             to
             enforce
             those
             to
             work
             that
             can
             and
             willnot
             .
          
           
           
             
               6.
               
               Objection
               .
            
             Poor
             that
             do
             their
             work
             well
             ,
             and
             are
             honest
             ,
             and
             industrious
             ,
             cannot
             want
             work
             when
             any
             is
             to
             be
             had
             in
             the
             country
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             are
             not
             imployed
             are
             either
             such
             as
             will
             not
             work
             ,
             or
             cannot
             tell
             how
             to
             work
             ,
             or
             will
             steal
             and
             purloyn
             their
             Work
             :
             These
             will
             undo
             the
             Work-House
             .
          
           
             I
             answer
             1.
             
             Some
             times
             there
             are
             when
             the
             honestest
             Workmen
             cannot
             get
             Work
             ,
             and
             this
             will
             be
             a
             reserve
             for
             them
             .
             2.
             
             But
             as
             for
             others
             here
             will
             be
             an
             Expedient
             to
             teach
             them
             to
             Work
             that
             cannot
             ,
             and
             to
             compell
             them
             
             to
             Work
             ,
             that
             can
             ,
             and
             to
             punish
             them
             ,
             that
             are
             dishonest
             in
             their
             Work.
             3.
             
             And
             if
             there
             were
             no
             punishment
             ,
             yet
             when
             a
             Work-House
             and
             Stock
             is
             once
             settled
             ,
             that
             would
             be
             sufficient
             to
             make
             them
             Work
             :
             For
             when
             every
             man
             were
             once
             sure
             that
             they
             that
             would
             honestly
             Work
             might
             have
             it
             ,
             and
             reasonable
             Wages
             ,
             every
             Wanderer
             and
             Begger
             would
             be
             esteemed
             such
             a
             Person
             as
             will
             not
             work
             ,
             or
             will
             be
             dishonest
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             not
             fit
             to
             be
             relieved
             ,
             but
             the
             Laws
             to
             be
             severely
             put
             in
             Execution
             against
             them
             .
          
           
           
             
               7.
               
               Obj.
            
             But
             where
             shall
             we
             have
             men
             that
             will
             undertake
             the
             imployment
             and
             be
             faithful
             and
             trusty
             in
             it
             ?
          
           
             I
             answer
             1.
             
             There
             be
             many
             poor
             and
             honest
             men
             ,
             who
             for
             a
             small
             Salary
             and
             a
             Room
             or
             two
             to
             Work
             and
             lodge
             in
             the
             Work-House
             would
             be
             fit
             enough
             to
             undertake
             the
             Imployment
             of
             a
             Master
             ,
             and
             yet
             he
             would
             have
             no
             great
             trust
             upon
             him
             ,
             for
             the
             Stock
             would
             be
             lodged
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Overseers
             ,
             and
             they
             to
             deliver
             it
             out
             ,
             and
             take
             weekly
             or
             monethly
             accounts
             :
             Which
             Overseers
             may
             be
             substantial
             men
             and
             at
             no
             great
             trouble
             ,
             and
             eligible
             either
             by
             the
             Justices
             of
             
             Peace
             ,
             or
             Parishioners
             ,
             yearly
             or
             once
             in
             three
             Years
             ,
             and
             their
             trouble
             would
             be
             no
             greater
             than
             the
             trouble
             of
             Overseers
             of
             the
             Poor
             ,
             or
             Church-wardens
             in
             any
             Parish
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             I
             have
             hastily
             and
             cursorily
             gone
             through
             the
             Method
             ,
             Reasons
             and
             Objections
             of
             this
             Proposal
             ,
             which
             I
             am
             sure
             if
             it
             can
             be
             brought
             to
             a
             due
             accomplishment
             ,
             is
             ,
             1.
             
             A
             Work
             of
             great
             Humanity
             and
             such
             as
             we
             owe
             to
             those
             of
             our
             own
             Nature
             as
             we
             are
             men
             .
             The
             wise
             God
             did
             tell
             his
             ancient
             People
             that
             the
             Poor
             should
             be
             always
             among
             them
             ;
             which
             was
             ,
             1.
             
             To
             Exercise
             their
             Liberality
             and
             Charity
             in
             
             supplying
             the
             wants
             of
             some
             by
             the
             abundance
             of
             others
             .
             And
             2.
             
             To
             Exercise
             their
             discretion
             &
             industry
             to
             think
             of
             and
             set
             on
             foot
             such
             means
             as
             might
             put
             them
             in
             a
             course
             of
             honest
             Imployment
             ,
             and
             Encourage
             them
             in
             it
             :
             they
             that
             are
             rich
             are
             Stewards
             of
             their
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             they
             that
             are
             wise
             are
             Stewards
             of
             their
             Wisdom
             ,
             unto
             that
             great
             Master
             of
             the
             Family
             of
             Heaven
             and
             Earth
             ,
             to
             whom
             they
             must
             give
             an
             account
             of
             both
             ;
             and
             one
             ,
             I
             am
             sure
             ,
             of
             the
             best
             accounts
             they
             can
             give
             of
             both
             is
             to
             imploy
             them
             in
             the
             Reformation
             &
             Relief
             of
             those
             that
             want
             both
             or
             either
             .
             Am
             I
             my
             Brothers
             keeper
             was
             the
             
             answer
             of
             one
             of
             the
             worst
             of
             men
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             A
             Work
             that
             as
             well
             becomes
             a
             Christian
             as
             any
             ,
             Christianity
             recommending
             Charity
             as
             one
             of
             the
             principal
             Christian
             Virtues
             .
             And
             indeed
             the
             ill
             Provision
             for
             the
             Poor
             in
             
               England
            
             is
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             reproaches
             to
             us
             in
             relation
             to
             our
             Christian
             Profession
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             A
             Work
             for
             a
             good
             
               English
            
             man
             :
             The
             want
             of
             a
             due
             Provision
             for
             Education
             and
             relief
             of
             the
             Poor
             in
             a
             way
             of
             Industry
             is
             that
             which
             fills
             the
             Goals
             with
             Malefactors
             ,
             and
             fills
             the
             Kingdom
             with
             idle
             and
             unprofitable
             Persons
             that
             consume
             the
             Stock
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             
             without
             improving
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             daily
             increase
             even
             to
             a
             desolation
             in
             time
             .
             And
             this
             Error
             in
             the
             first
             concoction
             is
             never
             remediable
             but
             by
             Gibbets
             and
             whipping
             .
             But
             there
             must
             be
             a
             sound
             ,
             prudent
             and
             resolved
             Method
             for
             an
             Industrious
             Education
             of
             the
             Poor
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             give
             better
             remedy
             against
             these
             corruptions
             than
             the
             after
             gain
             of
             penalties
             can
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
           
        
      
    
     
  

