A discourse touching provision for the poor written by Sir Matthew Hale ...
Hale, Matthew, Sir, 1609-1676.
1683
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A discourse touching provision for the poor written by Sir Matthew Hale ...
Hale, Matthew, Sir, 1609-1676.
[17], 80 p.
Printed by H. Hills for John Leigh ...,
London :
1683.
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eng
Poor laws -- England.
Working class -- England.
Labor movement -- England.
Labor -- England.
Public welfare -- England.
Poor -- England.
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A
DISCOURSE
Touching
PROVISION
FOR
The
Poor
.
Written
by
Sir
Matthew
Hale
,
late
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
the
Kings
Bench.
LONDON
:
Printed
by
H.
Hills
,
for
John
Leigh
at
Stationers
Hall
,
and
are
to
be
sold
by
the
Booksellers
in
London
.
1683
THE
PREFACE
.
A
Due
care
for
the
Relief
of
the
Poor
is
an
act
,
1.
of
great
Piety
towards
Almighty
God
,
who
requires
it
of
us
:
He
hath
left
the
Poor
as
his
Pupils
,
and
the
Rich
as
his
Stewards
to
provide
for
them
:
It
is
one
of
those
great
Tributes
that
he
justly
requires
from
the
rest
of
Mankind
;
which
,
because
they
cannot
pay
to
him
,
he
hath
scattered
the
Poor
among
the
rest
of
Mankind
as
his
Substitutes
and
Receivers
.
2.
It
is
an
act
of
greatest
Humanity
among
men
.
Mercy
and
Benignity
is
due
to
the
very
Beasts
that
serve
us
,
much
more
to
those
that
are
partakers
of
the
same
common
nature
with
us
.
3.
It
is
an
act
of
great
Civil
Prudence
and
Political
Wisdom
:
for
Poverty
in
itself
is
apt
to
Emasculate
the
minds
of
men
,
or
at
least
it
makes
men
tumultuous
and
unquiet
.
Where
there
are
many
very
Poor
,
the
Rich
cannot
long
or
safely
continue
such
;
necessity
renders
men
of
Phlegmatique
and
dull
natures
stupid
and
indisciplinable
;
And
men
of
more
fiery
or
active
constitutions
rapacious
and
desperate
.
At
this
day
it
seems
to
me
that
the
English
Nation
is
more
deficient
in
their
prudent
Provision
for
the
Poor
than
any
other
cultivated
and
Christian
State
;
at
least
that
have
so
many
opportunities
and
advantages
to
supply
them
.
In
some
other
Countries
a
Beggar
is
a
rare
sight
;
Those
that
are
unable
to
maintain
themselves
by
Age
or
Impotency
are
relieved
.
And
those
that
are
able
to
supply
their
wants
by
their
Labour
are
furnished
with
Imployments
.
sutable
to
their
condition
.
And
by
this
means
there
is
not
only
a
good
and
orderly
Education
and
a
decent
face
of
the
publique
;
But
the
more
populous
the
State
or
Country
is
,
the
Richer
and
the
more
wealthy
it
is
.
But
with
us
in
England
for
want
of
a
due
regulation
of
things
the
more
Populous
we
are
the
Poorer
we
are
;
so
that
,
that
wherein
the
Strength
and
Wealth
,
of
a
Kingdom
consists
,
renders
us
the
weaker
and
the
poorer
.
And
which
is
yet
worse
,
Poor
Families
which
daily
multiply
in
the
Kingdom
for
want
of
a
due
order
for
their
Imployment
in
an
honest
course
of
life
whereby
they
may
gain
subsistance
for
them
and
their
Children
do
unavoidably
bring
up
their
Children
either
in
a
Trade
of
Begging
or
Stealing
,
or
such
other
Idle
course
,
which
again
they
propagate
over
to
their
Children
,
and
so
there
is
a
successive
multiplication
of
hurtful
or
at
least
unprofitable
People
,
neither
capable
of
Discipline
nor
beneficial
Imployment
.
It
is
true
we
have
very
severe
Laws
against
Begging
the
very
giver
being
in
some
cases
subject
to
a
penalty
by
the
Statute
of
1
Jac.
cap.
17.
But
it
takes
little
Effect
.
And
indeed
as
the
case
stands
with
us
it
is
no
reason
it
should
:
for
what
man
that
is
of
ability
can
have
the
conscience
to
deny
an
Alms
,
or
to
bring
a
Wanderer
to
the
punishment
directed
by
that
Statute
,
and
the
Statute
of
39
Eliz.
when
he
cannot
choose
but
know
that
there
is
not
that
due
course
provided
,
or
at
least
used
,
that
Persons
necessitous
,
and
able
to
work
may
have
it
;
Indeed
were
there
a
clear
means
practised
for
the
Imploying
of
poor
Persons
,
It
were
an
uncharitable
action
to
relieve
them
in
a
course
of
Idleness
.
But
when
I
do
not
know
that
there
is
such
a
Provision
,
I
dare
not
deny
my
relief
,
because
I
know
not
whether
without
it
he
may
be
starved
with
hunger
,
without
his
own
default
.
We
have
also
very
severe
Laws
against
Theft
,
possibly
more
severe
than
most
other
Nations
,
yea
,
and
than
the
Offence
in
it self
simply
considered
deserves
;
And
there
is
little
to
be
said
in
the
defence
of
the
severity
of
the
Law
herein
,
but
the
multitude
of
the
Offenders
and
the
design
of
the
Law
rather
to
terrify
than
to
punish
ut
metus
in
omnes
,
poena
in
paucos
:
But
it
is
most
apparent
that
the
Law
i●
frustrated
of
its
design
therein
;
for
although
more
suffer
at
one
Sessions
a●
Newgate
for
Stealing
and
Breaking
up
Houses
,
and
Picking
of
Pockets
,
and
such
other
Larcenies
out
of
the
protection
of
Clergy
,
than
suffer
in
some
other
Countries
for
all
Offences
in
three
years
,
yet
the
Goals
are
never
the
Emptier
:
Necessity
,
and
Poverty
,
and
want
of
a
due
Provision
for
the
Imployment
of
Indigent
Persons
,
and
the
custom
of
a
loose
and
Idle
life
,
daily
supply
with
advantage
the
number
of
those
who
are
taken
off
by
the
Sentence
of
the
Law
:
And
doubtless
as
the
multitude
of
Poor
,
and
necessitous
,
and
uneducated
Persons
,
increase
,
the
multitude
of
Malefactors
will
increase
,
notwithstanding
the
Examples
of
Severity
.
So
that
upon
the
whole
account
the
prudence
of
prevention
,
as
it
is
more
Christian
,
so
it
will
be
more
Effectual
than
the
Prudence
of
remedy
:
The
prevention
of
Poverty
,
Idleness
and
a
loose
and
disorderly
Education
,
Even
of
poor
Children
,
would
do
more
good
to
this
Kingdom
than
all
the
Gibbets
,
and
Cauterizations
,
and
Whipping
Posts
,
and
Goals
in
this
Kingdom
,
and
would
render
these
kind
of
Disciplines
less
necessary
and
less
frequent
.
But
hitherto
I
am
in
generals
,
which
rarely
prosper
into
Action
or
Conviction
:
I
therefore
shall
confider
principally
these
things
:
1.
What
Provisions
there
are
already
setled
by
the
Laws
in
force
for
the
Relief
and
Imployment
of
the
Poor
.
2
Wherein
the
Defects
are
,
in
relation
to
those
Laws
,
or
Provisions
,
and
the
Consequences
thereof
.
3.
What
may
be
thought
a
convenient
Supply
of
those
Defects
and
the
Consequences
of
such
supplies
.
CHAP.
I.
Touching
the
Laws
at
present
in
force
for
the
Relief
and
Imployment
of
the
Poor
.
THe
Laws
relating
to
the
Poor
are
of
two
kinds
,
viz.
1.
Such
as
concern
the
relief
of
the
Aged
,
and
Impotent
,
that
are
not
able
by
their
labour
to
maintain
themselves
.
2.
Such
as
concern
the
imployment
and
setting
of
work
,
of
such
as
are
able
.
And
this
latter
as
shall
be
shewn
,
is
the
more
comprehensive
&
beneficial
charity
,
although
both
are
necessary
and
become
us
,
both
as
men
and
as
Christians
;
much
more
Touching
the
former
of
these
viz.
the
relief
of
the
impotent
Poor
,
the
Laws
of
England
have
provided
a
double
remedy
.
First
,
by
giving
great
incouragement
to
voluntary
undertakings
of
good
and
liberal
minds
in
this
kind
.
2.
by
Compulsary
means
upon
all
.
Again
as
touching
the
former
of
these
,
the
Statute
of
39.
Eliz.
Cap.
5.
hath
given
a
great
incouragement
to
such
as
shall
Erect
Hospitals
,
Houses
of
Correction
and
Maisons
de
Dieu
.
And
the
Statutes
of
39.
Eliz.
Cap.
6.
and
43.
Eliz.
Cap.
4.
have
taken
special
care
for
the
due
imployment
of
gifts
to
charitable
uses
.
And
certainly
such
voluntary
Assignations
argue
an
Excellent
and
Charitable
mind
in
those
that
shall
so
voluntarily
give
;
And
the
Statutes
have
given
a
fair
Incouragement
to
the
Charityes
of
men
in
this
kind
.
But
this
provision
doth
but
little
in
order
to
relief
:
For
1.
for
the
most
part
such
Hospitals
,
Extend
but
to
a
few
aged
Persons
limited
to
some
particular
Town
,
unless
it
be
in
the
large
Hospitals
,
in
London
,
where
there
is
some
provision
more
Extensive
in
respect
both
of
number
and
age
,
as
St.
Thomas
Hospital
,
Christ-Church
Hospital
and
some
others
.
2.
But
besides
this
those
are
but
Voluntary
and
not
Compulsary
;
although
there
may
be
some
that
may
be
charitably
minded
,
yet
for
the
most
part
men
are
backward
in
works
of
Charity
;
Self
love
,
Covetousness
,
distrust
of
the
Truth
and
Providence
of
God
keeps
most
from
overflowing
Charity
or
Building
or
Endowing
Hospitals
.
Therefore
there
was
a
Compulsary
laid
upon
men
for
the
relief
of
the
Poor
within
their
respective
Parishes
,
viz.
the
Statute
of
43.
Eliz.
Cap.
2.
being
the
first
compulsary
Law
that
I
remember
of
that
kind
:
And
indeed
it
now
became
necessary
to
be
done
by
a
Compulsary
means
which
before
that
time
was
left
more
arbitrary
,
because
the
Kingdom
became
then
much
more
Populous
than
in
former
time
and
with
it
the
Poor
also
greatly
increased
,
and
besides
many
of
those
methods
of
their
voluntary
relief
was
then
much
abated
;
which
Statute
Enables
the
Church-Wardens
and
Overseers
,
&c.
to
do
these
things
:
1.
To
take
order
for
setting
to
work
the
Children
of
those
whose
Parents
are
not
able
to
maintain
their
Children
.
2.
To
take
order
to
set
those
to
work
as
such
,
having
no
means
to
maintain
themselves
,
use
no
ordinary
trade
.
But
provides
not
sufficient
Compulsaries
to
make
them
work
.
3.
To
raise
weekly
by
Taxation
a
convenient
stock
of
Flax
,
Hemp
,
&c.
to
set
the
Poor
on
work
:
But
no
means
at
the
first
,
before
the
return
of
the
Manufacture
to
pay
them
wages
in
Express
words
,
but
is
supplyed
by
the
latter
general
clause
.
(
And
to
do
and
Execute
all
other
things
,
as
well
for
the
disposing
of
the
said
Stock
,
or
otherwise
concerning
the
premises
as
to
them
shall
seem
convenient
.
)
4.
To
raise
competent
sums
of
Money
for
the
impotent
Poor
not
able
to
work
.
5.
Also
for
the
putting
of
Poor
Children
Apprentices
but
no
Compulsary
for
any
to
receive
them
:
Among
all
these
Provisions
the
4th
concerns
the
relief
of
the
Poor
by
Taxation
,
and
Contributions
to
such
as
are
impotent
,
the
four
other
particulars
concern
their
Imployment
,
and
of
such
as
are
able
to
work
,
which
is
the
far
greater
number
.
And
although
the
relief
of
the
Impotent
Poor
seems
to
be
a
Charity
of
more
immediate
Exigence
yet
the
Imployment
of
the
Poor
is
a
Charity
of
greater
Extent
,
and
of
very
great
and
important
Consequence
to
the
publique
Wealth
,
and
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
as
also
to
the
Benefit
and
Advantage
of
the
Poor
.
I
therefore
come
to
that
second
Business
relating
to
the
Poor
,
viz.
the
setting
the
Poor
on
Work.
The
Laws
that
concern
that
Business
of
the
Imployment
of
the
Poor
are
of
two
kinds
;
viz.
that
which
contains
a
Compulsary
means
of
providing
work
for
the
Poor
which
is
the
Statute
of
43.
Eliz.
And
secondly
those
Laws
which
are
in
some
kind
Compulsary
to
force
Persons
to
work
;
and
these
are
of
two
kinds
,
viz.
1.
Those
that
concern
Children
and
the
Binding
of
them
Apprentices
,
viz.
the
Clause
of
the
Statute
43.
Eliz.
Cap.
4.
before
mentioned
and
the
Statute
7.
Jac.
Cap.
1.
which
makes
fair
Provision
for
the
raising
of
Money
to
bind
them
,
and
directs
the
manner
of
its
Imployment
.
But
as
before
is
observed
,
hath
not
any
sufficient
Compulsary
for
Persons
to
take
them
,
&
perchance
there
might
be
fit
to
have
some
such
qualifications
in
that
Compulsary
which
might
not
leave
it
too
arbitrary
in
the
Justices
of
Peace
to
compell
whom
they
please
,
to
take
whom
they
please
:
But
this
is
not
the
Business
,
I
drive
at
,
perchance
the
general
Provision
which
I
design
may
make
this
at
least
not
so
frequently
necessary
.
2.
In
reference
to
Rogues
,
Vagabonds
and
Idle
&
disorderly
Persons
,
the
Statute
7.
Jac.
Cap.
4.
gives
power
to
the
Justices
of
Peace
to
send
them
to
the
House
of
Correction
,
which
they
are
thereby
required
to
cause
to
be
Erected
.
2.
Power
to
the
Master
of
such
House
of
Correction
to
keep
them
to
work
.
But
even
in
this
particular
there
are
defects
.
1.
It
is
not
general
for
all
Persons
,
but
at
most
Idle
and
disorderly
Persons
.
2.
That
description
is
very
uncertain
in
reference
to
such
Persons
,
and
leaves
the
Justices
either
too
great
or
too
little
power
.
3.
For
want
of
a
convenient
Stock
to
be
raised
for
such
Houses
of
Correction
,
and
advantageous
ways
for
such
work
,
it
either
leaves
such
as
are
sent
without
an
Imployment
or
renders
their
Imployment
ungrateful
in
respect
of
the
sinalness
of
the
wages
,
and
rather
makes
People
hate
Imployment
as
a
hell
than
to
Entertain
it
as
a
means
of
a
comfortable
support
;
which
though
it
may
be
well
enough
as
a
punishment
for
disorderly
persons
that
refuse
to
work
,
yet
it
is
not
applicable
to
those
that
are
only
idle
,
it
work
:
4.
It
is
a
difficult
thing
to
determine
who
shall
be
said
an
idle
Person
,
it
is
a
reasonable
answer
to
that
,
they
are
Idle
for
want
of
such
work
as
they
are
able
to
do
,
or
for
want
of
such
wages
as
might
give
them
a
reasonable
support
;
For
there
is
no
power
given
,
nor
is
it
reasonable
it
should
,
to
compel
Persons
,
to
set
them
on
work
,
or
to
set
them
on
work
at
convenient
wages
.
5.
And
lastly
,
it
is
not
universal
;
many
Persons
are
not
within
that
Law
which
would
work
if
they
might
:
or
if
they
might
at
reasonable
rates
,
whereby
they
might
live
.
There
is
need
,
therefore
of
some
such
provision
that
might
be
as
ample
as
the
occasion
,
and
without
which
indeed
all
the
Laws
already
made
are
either
weak
and
ineffectual
to
their
Ends
,
and
the
generality
of
the
Poor
left
destitute
of
a
convenient
support
and
provision
.
CHAP.
II.
Touching
the
Power
by
the
Law
setled
for
the
general
Provision
for
the
Poor
,
and
their
defect
.
UPon
the
consideration
of
the
Statutes
for
the
Poor
the
only
Statute
that
provides
universally
is
that
of
43.
Eliz.
which
generally
makes
two
Provisions
.
1.
For
the
Impotent
Poor
,
that
are
not
able
to
work
:
And
it
is
true
is
a
good
and
Effectual
Provision
for
such
,
if
duely
Executed
.
But
as
I
said
before
,
the
Plaister
is
not
so
large
as
the
sore
,
there
are
many
Poor
that
are
able
to
work
if
they
had
it
,
and
had
it
at
reasonable
wages
,
whereby
they
might
support
themselves
and
their
Families
,
which
oftentimes
are
many
.
These
are
not
within
the
Provision
of
the
Law
and
if
they
come
for
Exhibitions
,
they
are
denyed
,
or
at
least
have
but
very
small
,
and
such
as
cannot
support
them
and
their
Families
.
And
indeed
if
they
should
have
sufficient
Exhibition
for
the
support
of
them
and
their
Families
,
the
Parishes
where
they
live
were
not
able
to
supply
them
in
a
proportion
answerable
to
their
necessities
,
or
answerable
to
that
supply
which
a
full
Imployment
would
afford
them
;
For
instance
a
Poor
Man
and
his
Wife
though
able
to
work
,
may
have
four
Children
,
two
of
them
possibly
able
to
work
,
two
not
able
:
The
Father
and
the
Mother
are
not
able
to
maintain
themselves
and
their
Family
in
Meat
,
Drink
,
Cloathing
and
House-rent
under
ten
Shillings
per
Week
,
and
so
much
they
might
probably
get
if
imployed
;
This
amounts
to
26.
l.
per
Annum
,
if
there
were
forty
such
Families
in
a
great
Parish
,
and
they
lived
upon
this
Exhibition
colleited
by
rates
,
it
would
arise
to
above
800.
l.
per
Annum
,
which
in
many
Parishes
Exceeds
the
yearly
Value
of
their
Lands
or
Rents
,
yet
when
these
Persons
are
kept
on
work
thus
much
must
be
gotten
by
them
,
and
without
a
supply
Equivalent
to
this
they
must
live
by
Begging
,
or
Stealing
,
or
Starve
:
Therefore
the
second
Provision
is
,
2.
For
those
Poor
that
are
able
to
work
,
and
in
reference
to
them
it
gives
power
to
raise
Stocks
by
rateing
the
Parishioners
,
and
setting
the
Poor
on
work
.
The
defects
of
this
Provision
are
,
1.
In
the
Execution
of
the
Law
already
made
;
for
let
any
man
look
over
most
of
the
Populous
Parishes
in
England
,
indeed
there
are
rates
made
for
the
relief
of
the
Impotent
Poor
,
and
it
may
be
the
same
relief
is
also
given
in
a
narrow
measure
unto
some
others
,
that
have
great
Families
,
and
upon
this
they
live
miserably
and
at
best
from
Hand
to
Mouth
,
and
if
they
cannot
get
work
to
make
out
their
livelyhood
they
and
their
Children
set
up
a
trade
of
Begging
at
best
.
But
it
is
rare
to
see
any
Provision
of
a
Stock
in
any
Parish
for
the
relief
of
the
Poor
.
And
the
reasons
are
principally
these
:
1.
The
Generality
of
People
that
are
able
are
yet
unwilling
to
Exceed
the
present
necessary
charge
,
they
do
choose
to
live
for
an
hour
rather
than
project
for
the
future
;
and
although
possibly
trebling
their
Exhibition
in
one
grofs
sum
at
the
beginning
of
the
year
,
to
raise
a
Stock
might
in
all
probability
render
their
future
yearly
payments
for
seven
years
together
less
by
half
or
two
thirds
,
than
what
must
be
without
it
,
yet
they
had
rather
continue
on
their
yearly
Payments
,
year
after
year
,
though
it
Exhaust
them
in
time
,
and
make
the
Poor
nothing
the
better
at
the
years
End.
2.
Because
those
places
,
where
there
are
most
Poor
,
consist
for
the
most
part
of
Trades-men
,
whose
Estates
lye
principally
in
their
Stocks
,
which
they
will
not
endure
to
be
searched
into
to
make
them
contributary
to
raise
any
considerable
Stock
for
the
Poor
,
nor
indeed
so
much
as
to
the
ordinary
Contributions
:
But
they
lay
all
the
rates
to
the
Poor
upon
the
Rents
of
Lands
and
Houses
,
which
alone
without
the
help
of
the
Stocks
are
not
able
to
raise
a
Stock
for
the
Poor
,
although
it
is
very
plain
that
Stocks
are
as
well
by
Law
rateable
as
Lands
,
both
to
the
relief
,
and
raising
a
Stock
for
the
Poor
:
3.
Because
the
Church-Wardens
and
Overseers
,
to
whom
this
power
is
given
,
are
Inhabitants
of
the
same
Parish
,
and
are
either
unwilling
to
charge
themselves
,
or
displease
their
Neighbours
in
Charging
more
than
they
needs
must
towards
the
Poor
:
And
although
it
were
to
be
wished
and
hoped
that
the
Justices
of
Peace
would
be
forwardly
to
Enforce
them
if
they
might
,
though
it
may
concern
them
also
in
point
of
present
profit
,
yet
if
they
would
do
any
thing
herein
they
are
not
impowered
to
and
Overseers
to
do
it
,
who
most
certainly
will
never
go
about
it
to
burden
as
they
think
,
themselves
,
and
displease
their
Neighbours
unless
,
some
Compulsary
power
were
not
only
lodged
by
Law
,
but
also
executed
in
some
that
may
have
a
power
over
them
to
inforce
it
,
or
to
do
it
,
if
they
do
it
not
,
and
to
do
it
effectually
,
if
they
do
it
either
partially
or
too
sparingly
:
4.
Because
People
do
not
consider
the
inconvenience
that
will
in
time
grow
to
themselves
by
this
neglect
,
and
the
benefit
that
would
in
a
little
time
accrue
to
them
by
putting
it
in
practise
if
they
would
have
but
a
little
patience
,
as
shall
be
shewen
hereafter
.
2.
The
second
Defect
is
in
the
Law
itself
;
which
are
these
:
1.
No
power
in
the
Justices
of
Peace
,
or
some
Superintendent
power
to
compel
the
raising
of
a
Stock
where
the
Church-Wardens
and
Overseers
neglect
it
.
2.
The
act
chargeth
every
Parish
apart
where
it
may
be
they
are
able
to
do
little
towards
it
,
neither
would
it
be
so
effectual
as
if
three
,
four
,
five
or
more
contiguous
Parishes
did
contribute
towards
the
raising
of
a
Stock
proportionable
to
their
Poor
respectively
.
3.
There
is
no
power
for
hireing
or
erecting
a
common
House
,
or
place
for
their
common
Work-House
,
which
may
be
in
some
respects
,
and
upon
some
occasions
,
useful
and
necessary
,
as
shall
be
shewen
.
CHAP.
III.
The
Remedy
propounded
.
1.
THAT
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
at
the
Quarter
Sessions
do
set
out
&
distribute
the
Parishes
in
their
several
Countiesinto
several
Divisions
,
in
Each
of
which
there
may
be
a
Work-House
for
the
common
use
of
the
respective
Divisions
,
wherein
they
are
respectively
placed
,
viz.
one
,
two
,
three
,
four
,
five
or
six
Parishes
to
a
Work-House
,
according
to
the
greatness
or
sinalness
,
and
accommodation
of
the
several
Parishes
.
2.
That
at
that
Sessions
the
Church-Wardens
and
Overseers
of
the
Poor
of
the
respective
P
Parishes
,
bring
in
their
several
rates
for
their
relief
of
their
respective
Poor
upon
Oath
.
And
that
the
said
Justices
do
assess
three
,
four
or
five
yearly
Pays
to
be
levyed
and
collected
at
one
or
two
entire
sums
within
the
time
prefixed
by
them
for
the
raising
of
a
Stock
to
set
the
Poor
within
those
Precincts
on
work
,
and
to
build
or
procure
a
convenient
Work-House
for
imploying
the
Poor
,
if
need
be
,
in
it
,
and
for
lodging
Materials
,
and
for
instructing
Children
in
the
Trade
or
Work.
3.
That
there
be
yearly
Chose
by
the
said
Justices
a
Master
for
Each
Work-House
,
with
a
convenient
Salary
out
of
the
said
Stock
or
the
proceed
thereof
to
continue
for
3
years
,
and
two
Overseers
to
see
the
Issuing
and
return
of
the
said
Stock
,
and
to
take
the
accounts
quarterly
or
monthly
of
the
Master
as
they
shall
think
fit
.
4.
That
the
Stock
be
delivered
to
the
Overseers
,
and
by
them
Issued
to
the
Master
,
as
there
shall
be
occasion
,
and
that
they
also
from
time
to
time
receive
the
proceed
of
the
said
Stock
and
the
accompts
for
the
same
.
5.
That
at
the
End
of
every
year
the
Master
and
Overseers
give
up
their
accounts
to
the
two
next
Justices
of
the
Peace
at
times
by
them
prefixed
,
and
publickly
notifyed
to
the
Inhabitants
of
Each
Precinct
,
to
the
End
that
they
may
take
any
Exceptions
to
such
accounts
,
if
there
be
cause
.
6.
That
the
Master
and
Overseers
of
every
respective
Work-House
stand
,
and
be
incorporate
by
the
name
of
Master
and
Overseers
of
their
respective
Precincts
,
and
capable
to
take
in
Succession
by
will
or
otherwise
,
Lands
,
Goods
,
or
Money
,
or
other
Legacies
or
Gifts
for
the
Benefit
of
the
Poor
,
within
their
respective
Precincts
.
7.
That
they
also
be
accomptable
,
as
well
to
their
respective
Successours
,
and
also
to
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
at
their
Quarter
Sessions
for
the
benefit
and
proceed
and
Imployment
of
such
Gifts
and
Bequests
.
8.
That
they
be
disabled
to
grant
any
Lands
to
them
given
or
bequeathed
for
any
longer
term
then
one
Year
,
and
at
an
improved
Rent
.
9.
That
if
any
Person
that
is
able
to
work
,
and
not
able
to
maintain
himself
,
shall
refuse
to
do
so
,
he
may
be
forced
thereunto
by
Warrant
of
two
Justices
of
Peace
by
Imprisonment
,
and
moderate
correction
in
such
Work-House
.
10.
If
any
Person
imployed
by
the
Master
,
shall
imbezill
or
wilfully
prejudice
,
or
spoil
his
work
,
he
shall
upon
complaint
and
proof
thereof
by
the
Party
grieved
to
any
Justice
of
Peace
,
and
by
Warrant
from
him
receive
Imprisonment
or
moderate
correction
by
Warrant
of
such
Justice
.
These
be
the
heads
of
that
Provision
,
I
could
wish
for
the
setting
the
Poor
on
work
,
which
is
but
an
Essay
and
may
receive
Alterations
or
Additions
upon
consideration
.
The
Benefits
,
that
would
come
by
this
Method
would
be
very
many
and
great
:
I
shall
set
down
some
of
them
that
occur
to
me
.
1.
By
Incorporating
of
these
Work-Houses
,
which
are
the
best
kind
of
Hospitals
,
charitable
minded
Persons
would
have
as
it
were
a
Pillar
whereunto
to
fasten
their
Charity
,
which
would
prevent
many
Difficulties
in
the
faithfull
Administrations
thereof
,
and
would
invite
Benefactors
.
2.
Whereas
Hospitals
provide
for
some
few
Poor
Impotent
People
,
this
would
prevent
Poverty
and
in
a
little
tract
of
time
bring
up
hundreds
to
be
able
to
gain
their
lively
hoods
.
3.
Whereas
in
that
State
that
things
are
,
our
Populousness
,
which
is
the
greatest
blessing
a
Kingdom
can
have
,
becomes
the
burden
of
the
Kingdom
,
by
breeding
up
whole
Races
and
Families
,
and
successive
Generations
in
a
mere
Trade
of
Idleness
,
Thieving
,
Begging
,
and
a
barbarous
kind
of
life
,
which
must
in
time
prodigiously
increase
and
overgrow
the
whole
face
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
eat
out
the
heart
of
it
:
This
course
within
one
seven
Years
alters
the
whole
State
of
this
Disorder
,
and
brings
People
and
their
Children
after
them
into
a
Regular
,
Orderly
and
Industrious
course
of
life
,
which
will
be
as
natural
to
them
as
now
Idleness
,
and
Begging
,
and
Theeving
is
.
For
no
Person
will
have
need
to
Beg
or
Steal
,
because
he
may
gain
his
living
better
by
Working
.
And
no
man
will
be
so
vain
,
and
indeed
hurtfull
to
the
Publique
as
to
give
to
such
as
Beg
,
and
thereby
to
encourage
them
,
when
he
is
sure
they
may
gain
their
living
by
Working
.
And
all
the
Laws
against
Vagrants
,
Beggers
and
Wanderers
,
will
be
then
Effectually
put
in
Execution
,
when
we
may
be
sure
they
may
be
imployed
if
they
will
:
But
till
that
the
interdicting
and
punishing
of
the
Beggers
and
Givers
seems
to
me
a
most
unreasonable
piece
of
Imprudence
,
as
well
as
Uncharitableness
.
4
By
this
means
the
Wealth
of
the
Nation
will
be
increased
,
Manufactures
advanced
and
Every
Body
put
into
a
capacity
of
Eating
his
own
Bread
;
for
upon
what
imaginable
account
can
we
think
,
that
we
should
not
be
as
able
to
improve
our
Populousness
to
our
Wealth
,
as
well
as
Holland
,
and
Flanders
,
and
Berbadoes
,
if
we
had
but
their
Industry
and
Orderly
Management
?
If
it
be
said
,
their
Disposition
is
more
Industrious
than
ours
:
It
is
true
in
that
condition
that
matters
are
ordered
;
but
if
we
had
the
same
Industrious
Education
,
we
should
have
the
same
Industrious
Disposition
:
let
a
man
,
one
that
hath
been
bred
up
in
the
Trade
of
Begging
,
he
will
never
,
unless
complelled
,
fall
to
Industry
;
and
on
the
other
side
,
it
is
a
wonderful
Necessity
indeed
that
shall
bring
one
bred
up
in
Civility
,
and
Industry
,
to
Beg
,
as
is
Easily
observable
in
many
poor
Places
and
Families
.
And
were
there
no
other
Benefit
to
the
Kingdom
in
general
nor
to
the
particular
Places
,
where
such
Work-Houses
shall
be
settled
,
but
this
,
although
the
Stock
were
wholly
lost
in
four
Years
,
it
would
be
an
abundant
Recompence
by
the
accustoming
the
poor
sort
to
a
Civil
and
Industrious
course
of
life
,
whereby
they
would
soon
become
,
not
only
not
burdensom
,
but
profitable
to
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Places
where
they
live
.
5.
By
this
means
there
would
soon
be
an
Improvement
of
the
several
Manufactures
of
the
Kingdom
,
both
for
the
necessary
Consumption
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
for
Exportation
,
whereby
our
Trade
Outward
would
exceed
our
Trade
Inward
,
which
Outward
Trade
,
as
it
is
the
Basis
and
Foundation
of
all
our
Trade
Inward
;
And
the
Excess
and
Overballance
of
our
Trade
Outward
to
our
Trade
Inward
is
the
only
means
not
only
to
keep
our
Money
at
home
,
but
to
gain
an
increase
of
Money
,
and
so
advanceth
the
true
Intrinsique
Wealth
of
the
Kingdom
;
for
as
of
our
Hand
if
our
Trade
Outward
Exceed
our
Trade
Inward
the
Excess
must
of
Necessity
be
returned
in
Money
or
Bullion
,
so
if
our
Trade
Inward
Exceed
our
Trade
Outward
,
the
Excess
must
be
made
good
from
hence
in
Money
,
which
must
needs
insensibly
impoverish
the
Kingdom
,
and
Experience
makes
us
know
it
to
be
true
:
Now
the
Advance
of
our
Manufactures
would
be
by
this
means
plainly
Evident
,
for
Woollen
Manufactures
or
Cloath
,
the
Staple
Commodity
of
this
Kingdom
,
would
be
more
,
&
these
other
Woollen
Manufactures
,
as
Kersyes
,
Serges
,
Baize
,
which
,
though
now
confined
to
several
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
Devonshire
,
Norfolk
,
Colchester
,
would
be
by
this
means
diffused
over
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
those
Places
which
have
little
of
Woollen
Manufacture
,
as
Lincolnshire
,
Northamptonshire
,
and
other
Counties
,
would
soon
fall
into
it
;
So
likewise
knitting
of
Stockings
,
Capps
,
Wast-Coats
and
the
like
.
2.
Our
Linnen
Manufactures
,
as
Linnen
Cloath
,
Laces
of
all
forts
,
Nets
,
Sails
,
&c.
would
become
native
,
and
supply
the
Want
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
prevent
the
necessity
of
Importation
of
Linnen
Cloath
from
Holland
and
France
,
of
Laces
from
Flanders
:
And
as
this
trade
is
in
some
degree
used
in
Lancashire
,
Leicestershire
,
and
some
other
Places
,
so
it
would
be
communicated
to
other
Places
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
it
is
very
considerable
the
numbers
of
Poor
that
would
be
by
this
means
imployed
in
dressing
of
Hemp
and
Flax
,
Spinning
,
Weaving
,
Whitening
and
the
like
.
And
if
any
shall
say
,
we
want
the
Materials
terials
,
and
we
want
those
that
should
instruct
the
Poor
in
the
Ordering
of
them
,
The
Answer
is
at
hand
;
If
once
the
Manufacture
were
begun
to
be
put
into
a
Method
by
this
way
,
all
men
would
quickly
sow
Hemp
and
Flax
in
some
Parcels
of
their
Tillage
,
and
possibly
some
Lands
that
were
not
so
fit
for
other
Tillage
would
be
imployed
in
this
:
two
Acres
of
Hemp
and
Flax
in
every
Parish
would
imploy
multitudes
,
which
now
People
neglect
to
sow
because
they
have
no
way
to
vent
or
imploy
it
:
And
for
Instructors
,
when
once
the
alarm
is
abroad
of
such
a
design
,
it
will
draw
over
Workmen
from
other
Forreign
Parts
;
and
by
this
means
we
gained
,
or
at
least
recovered
the
Skill
of
making
Woollen
Cloath
from
other
Parts
,
as
appears
by
undenyable
Evidence
.
And
if
it
shall
be
said
that
this
will
defraud
and
straiten
us
of
Labourers
in
our
Woollen
Manufactures
;
there
can
be
no
fear
of
that
;
for
we
have
Poor
enough
to
be
imployed
in
both
,
and
it
is
most
certain
,
that
the
Populousness
of
the
Kingdom
still
increaseth
,
notwithstanding
its
great
Exhaustings
by
Wars
and
Plagues
,
&
Forrein
Plantations
,
and
consequently
the
Poor
will
be
proportionably
increased
,
so
that
we
may
reasonably
suppose
that
in
one
seven
Years
,
by
the
blessing
of
God
,
the
very
proceeds
,
that
will
be
able
and
fit
to
work
,
of
poor
Families
,
will
be
more
than
double
to
what
they
are
now
,
which
will
continually
increase
in
a
kind
of
Geometrical
Progression
,
whereby
there
will
be
enough
for
double
the
imployment
that
is
now
for
them
.
6.
By
the
means
of
these
Work-Houses
,
there
will
be
an
Opportunity
for
One
or
Two
Persons
,
skilled
in
any
Manufacture
,
to
instruct
Twenty
in
the
Trades
,
by
common
Resort
,
Meeting
and
dayly
Residence
of
Children
and
young
People
there
;
and
there
may
be
Opportunity
,
to
teach
Children
to
read
without
any
interruption
,
in
the
Imployments
of
them
that
are
able
to
teach
them
,
or
of
them
that
are
able
to
work
.
7.
By
this
means
the
yearly
Contributions
for
the
Necessary
relief
of
Poor
,
that
are
able
to
work
,
and
their
Families
,
and
those
kind
of
Contributions
which
in
time
will
be
impossible
to
support
the
Poor
,
will
be
changed
into
a
supply
Every
way
more
easy
for
them
that
are
to
pay
,
though
at
first
it
may
require
a
more
liberal
assistance
for
the
raising
of
the
Stocks
,
and
Every
way
more
beneficial
and
advantageous
for
the
Poor
;
First
,
Because
they
will
hereby
be
educated
and
inured
to
a
way
of
Civility
and
Industry
.
2.
They
will
gain
a
Trade
,
which
will
go
along
with
them
as
the
constant
support
of
their
lives
.
3.
The
Wages
that
they
will
gain
will
be
a
greater
and
better
support
than
they
can
have
by
any
Contributions
that
are
able
to
be
assessed
for
them
for
they
may
be
able
to
gain
,
Two
,
Three
,
Four
,
Five
and
Six
Shillings
a
Week
,
for
Every
Person
able
to
work
,
which
is
five
times
more
than
their
weekly
or
yearly
Contributions
do
or
can
amount
unto
,
without
Exhausting
more
than
the
Revenues
of
the
Parishes
,
wherein
these
Poor
are
in
many
places
:
And
this
shall
be
demonstrated
to
the
Eye
of
any
that
will
consider
this
instance
,
which
I
have
Exactly
tryed
,
and
Examined
,
and
found
to
be
true
:
The
ordinary
Process
and
time
,
and
charge
of
making
a
common
Course
medly
Cloth
of
our
Gloucester
shire
Wooll
at
this
day
is
;
1.
In
Every
such
Cloath
of
about
32
Yards
long
there
is
Ninety
Pounds
of
Wooll
,
which
will
cost
at
this
day
at
12
d.
per
Pound
Four
Pounds
10
s
.
viz.
ordinary
in
a
grey
Cloath
.
54
l.
of
Abb.
4
l.
10
s
.
34
l.
of
Warp
.
4
l.
10
s
.
2
l.
of
Mixture
.
4
l.
10
s
.
2.
The
Charge
of
making
this
Cloath
:
l.
s
.
d.
1
Parting
&
Picking
0
3
0
2
Colouring
0
16
0
3
Breaking
&
Spinning
the
Abb
at
two
pence
farthing
per
l.
1
7
9
4
Breaking
&
Spinning
the
Warp
at
5
d.
per
l.
0
18
6
5
Cards
and
Oyl
1
0
0
6
Weaving
,
Spooling
and
Warping
1
1
3
7
Milling
and
Burling
.
0
12
0
l.
s
.
d.
8
Shearing
and
Dressing
0
18
0
9
Drawing
0
1
6
10
Carriage
and
Facturage
0
7
0
So
the
whole
Charge
comes
to
11
l.
15
s
.
Out
of
which
deducting
the
Materials
of
Wooll
,
and
Cards
,
and
Oyl
,
viz.
5
l.
10
s
.
Their
remains
Entirely
for
the
Expence
of
work
amount
to
6
l.
5
s
.
It
is
true
at
this
day
this
Cloath
yields
not
above
12
l.
to
be
sold
,
which
is
only
5
s
.
profit
,
but
when
Trade
is
quicker
it
may
yield
13
l.
or
more
.
The
People
that
are
imployed
in
bringing
about
this
Cloath
to
be
ready
are
14
,
viz.
3
Weavers
and
Spoolers
,
2
Breakers
,
six
Spinners
,
one
Fuller
and
Burler
,
one
Sheerman
,
one
Parter
and
Picker
:
The
Weavers
supply
the
Office
of
Spooler
and
Warper
.
These
will
bring
about
the
first
Cloath
in
about
two
Moneths
space
:
But
being
continued
in
a
constant
tract
the
Cloath
will
be
brought
about
in
three
weeks
time
,
for
all
the
other
Workmen
are
at
work
and
fit
the
Cloath
for
the
Weaver
in
that
space
that
he
is
Weaving
the
first
Cloath
.
5.
Consequently
this
one
Loom
thus
imployed
all
the
Year
round
allowing
two
Months
to
the
first
Cloath
,
and
three
Weeks
to
every
other
,
will
make
fourteen
returns
the
first
Year
of
Cloath
ready
for
sale
and
sixteen
returns
Every
Year
after
.
6.
Consequently
that
which
this
yields
for
bare
Wages
to
these
14
poor
Workmen
for
the
first
Year
is
Eighty
seven
Pounds
ten
Shillings
,
and
for
the
following
Years
is
Ninety
seven
Pounds
,
and
by
this
Computation
it
is
Easy
to
see
what
Every
Workman
can
gain
a
Week
being
full
imployed
.
7.
About
one
hundred
Pounds
Stock
will
for
ever
keep
this
Looms
work
going
,
and
maintain
these
fourteen
Workmen
,
and
consequently
a
Stock
of
four
hundred
Pounds
will
keep
on
foot
four
Looms
work
,
and
keep
on
Work
fifty
six
Persons
,
and
be
able
to
abide
the
ordinary
delays
of
sale
incident
to
the
Markets
.
8.
But
if
it
could
be
supposed
that
the
Cloath
could
be
sold
as
soon
as
made
(
which
is
not
I
confess
reasonably
to
be
Expected
)
then
a
Stock
of
four
and
twenty
Pounds
would
by
its
continual
return
provide
Materials
,
and
pay
the
Workmen
for
one
Looms
work
in
perpetuity
:
But
because
the
returns
by
sale
cannot
be
as
speedy
as
the
work
is'done
,
the
Stock
must
be
near
100
l.
to
abide
the
delay
of
a
Month
,
two
,
three
,
four
or
more
,
in
point
of
sale
,
and
likewise
to
buy
Wooll
seasonably
for
Work.
And
by
this
it
appears
that
although
one
hundred
pounds
Stock
by
its
16
returns
yields
but
an
inconsiderable
advantage
to
the
Master
at
five
Shillings
per
Cloath
,
viz.
but
four
Pounds
in
the
Year
,
yet
it
yields
a
considerable
advantage
to
the
poor
Workers
,
viz.
near
one
hundred
Pounds
per
annum
;
and
consequently
a
Stock
of
four
hundred
Pounds
yields
near
four
hundred
Pounds
per
annum
.
And
conse
sequently
these
fifty
six
poor
People
that
are
kept
on
work
with
this
Stock
of
four
hundred
Pounds
could
not
live
better
,
if
the
Parish
were
at
the
yearly
pension
of
four
hundred
Pounds
per
annum
,
to
relieve
them
,
nor
indeed
so
well
,
considering
they
are
by
this
means
kept
in
a
way
of
imployment
and
honest
industry
;
And
yet
without
some
supply
either
by
Wages
or
Contribution
those
fifty
six
poor
People
being
destitute
of
Wages
or
Contributions
to
this
value
or
near
it
,
must
live
by
stealing
or
begging
,
or
starve
.
And
let
it
be
also
considered
that
this
Stock
thus
raised
and
set
going
maintains
it self
by
a
perpetual
circulation
and
vicissitude
,
without
any
considerable
help
by
any
farther
supply
,
and
yet
perpetually
countervails
a
Contribution
of
near
four
hundred
Pounds
per
annum
for
the
relief
of
these
fifty
six
poor
Persons
.
By
all
which
it
will
appear
that
the
advantage
of
a
Stock
imployed
,
and
once
set
on
foot
doth
countervail
a
great
Contribution
and
indeed
greater
then
can
be
raised
and
yearly
continued
by
most
places
,
and
will
at
least
in
time
render
those
yearly
constant
Contributions
lower
and
less
needful
.
9.
But
yet
farther
,
by
this
means
there
will
be
a
reasonable
gage
set
to
Wages
of
Workmen
:
It
is
not
unknown
how
that
some
covetous
Masters
in
hard
times
,
if
they
are
well
stocked
and
of
abilities
,
will
set
on
work
many
Poor
,
but
they
must
take
such
Wages
as
they
are
not
able
to
live
upon
,
and
that
also
many
times
paid
in
Corn
,
Wooll
,
Cheese
,
and
other
things
at
rates
high
enough
:
And
indeed
if
they
will
work
upon
these
terms
they
may
,
but
if
not
they
turn
them
off
,
or
not
imploy
them
,
and
thereupon
the
poor
Workmen
not
being
able
to
live
without
work
,
and
having
no
place
to
resort
for
any
,
are
under
a
necessity
of
working
to
them
at
inconsiderable
rates
.
And
such
Masters
make
greater
advantage
by
this
means
when
trade
is
low
then
when
it
is
open
:
But
by
this
means
there
would
be
a
refuge
for
the
Poor
to
be
imployed
at
reasonable
Wages
;
and
the
reason
is
Evident
,
because
this
being
but
an
Expedient
,
not
so
much
for
gain
to
the
Master
as
for
Imployment
for
the
Poor
,
as
long
as
the
Stock
makes
but
good
it self
,
or
be
managed
without
considerable
loss
,
it
attains
its
End
,
and
therefore
may
give
competent
Wages
.
But
on
the
other
hand
the
Trading-Master
looks
for
his
profit
,
and
if
his
Stock
turns
not
to
him
for
gain
he
gives
over
,
or
reduceth
the
Workman
to
inconsiderable
Wages
that
his
own
gain
may
be
the
greater
.
And
although
it
may
be
there
be
some
honest
minded
and
charitable
Masters
that
will
be
content
for
some
time
to
imploy
their
Stock
though
without
gain
,
yet
they
are
but
rare
to
be
found
and
such
as
commonly
hold
not
out
long
unless
they
find
profit
though
perchance
they
suffer
no
loss
:
These
be
some
of
those
Considerations
that
shew
the
usefulness
of
this
Expedient
:
I
shall
now
consider
some
of
the
Objections
that
may
be
made
against
it
:
1.
Ob.
It
is
a
great
business
to
raise
for
the
purpose
four
Years
Pay
at
once
to
make
up
a
Stock
,
and
yearly
Contributions
are
more
Easy
.
I
answer
,
It
is
true
,
and
yet
the
advantage
even
to
the
objecters
themselves
is
even
to
their
sense
apparently
great
:
If
a
man
had
a
Rent
of
Inheritance
issuing
out
of
his
Land
,
he
would
not
think
much
of
giving
sixteen
Years
purchase
to
buy
it
in
:
And
the
charge
that
goes
out
for
the
Poor
as
it
is
as
much
and
as
certain
a
Charge
as
a
Rent
,
so
it
is
evident
to
us
that
it
hath
increased
yearly
,
and
of
necessity
the
longer
things
are
continued
in
this
careless
way
it
must
increase
in
an
Excessive
Proportion
,
and
to
give
four
Years
Purchase
to
abate
it
,
or
if
it
were
but
to
keep
it
at
a
Stay
,
were
good
husbandry
.
2.
Besides
this
,
let
a
man
consider
what
other
losses
do
accrue
by
the
want
of
a
due
Provision
of
Work
,
and
an
industrious
Education
for
the
Poor
,
in
thieving
and
stealing
,
and
sending
such
Malefactors
to
Goals
at
the
charges
of
the
Parish
,
in
Prosecuting
them
at
Assizes
and
Sessions
,
in
cutting
and
destroying
of
Woods
,
pulling
of
Hedges
,
and
trespasses
to
Corn
and
Grass
thereby
,
in
Alms
giving
at
the
door
;
these
would
be
,
if
not
altogether
prevented
,
yet
,
in
a
great
measure
they
would
,
when
that
most
unchristian
and
indeed
inhumane
way
of
Living
among
most
ordinary
indigent
People
is
remedied
by
convenient
Imployment
and
Wages
.
2.
Obj.
But
there
are
a
sort
of
Idle
People
,
that
will
rather
begg
then
work
though
they
may
be
imployed
,
and
so
that
trade
of
Begging
and
Idleness
would
be
still
continued
.
I
Answer
1.
That
we
do
surmise
a
Compulsary
Law
to
inforce
Idle
Persons
to
work
,
which
would
prevent
it
.
2.
By
this
means
the
Benefit
of
Working
would
Exceed
the
Benefit
of
Begging
which
would
cause
Persons
to
leave
it
.
3.
By
the
Educating
of
Children
in
a
way
of
Industry
there
would
be
gradually
a
Disaccustomedness
to
that
way
which
would
in
time
quite
remove
it
.
But
4.
When
men
were
once
assured
by
a
clear
Evidence
that
the
Poor
might
have
Work
upon
reasonable
terms
,
no
man
would
give
,
the
Laws
against
Wanderers
that
were
able
to
work
,
and
against
the
relievers
of
such
,
would
be
cheerfully
put
in
Execution
,
which
now
men
even
upon
the
account
of
common
charity
cannot
bring
themselves
to
.
3.
Obj.
But
what
considerable
advantage
would
such
a
Stock
as
four
hundred
Pounds
do
when
perchance
in
a
time
of
trading
four
or
five
thousand
Pounds
imployed
by
Masters
in
a
Parish
is
but
enough
to
set
their
Poor
on
Work
,
where
it
may
be
there
are
two
or
three
hundred
Persons
that
are
thus
imployed
.
I
answer
,
It
would
be
a
great
help
to
the
Poor
in
a
time
of
scarcity
of
Work
,
although
it
should
lye
still
in
a
time
of
plenty
of
Work.
The
supply
of
Work
,
for
a
Month
,
or
two
,
or
three
,
in
a
Year
,
when
Traders
for
Advantage
give
over
,
keeps
Industry
on
the
Wheels
,
and
yields
a
considerable
supply
.
2.
In
good
times
,
when
there
is
no
need
of
it
,
it
is
as
capable
of
Increase
and
Improvement
,
being
imployed
as
private
mens
Stocks
are
,
which
would
inlarge
it
,
or
at
lest
inable
it
to
bear
some
loss
in
times
of
lowness
of
Trade
.
3.
If
once
such
a
Stock
were
going
it
would
not
only
increase
by
it self
,
but
it
would
have
continual
accession
by
Charitable
Gifts
,
which
would
do
five
times
the
good
thus
imployed
than
imployed
as
they
are
in
Doles
and
little
yearly
Pensions
,
which
consume
and
come
to
nothing
,
but
are
swallowed
up
in
the
present
necessity
of
the
Poor
,
and
leave
but
small
signs
of
Advantage
behind
them
:
Whereas
the
following
of
the
Method
now
propounded
will
at
least
leave
the
Persons
,
to
whom
it
is
applyed
the
Advantage
of
an
Industrious
Education
and
Profession
,
which
will
abide
by
them
.
4.
Obj.
But
men
,
that
are
concerned
for
their
own
Benefit
in
the
prosecution
of
their
Trade
,
as
for
instance
of
Cloathing
,
and
consequently
more
careful
than
Persons
imployed
for
others
,
yet
do
lose
by
their
Trading
,
and
many
times
impair
their
Stocks
;
and
therefore
this
,
that
cannot
be
expected
to
be
neither
so
industriously
nor
successfully
managed
,
may
be
in
the
same
condition
.
I
Answer
.
1.
in
general
.
In
this
way
there
must
needs
be
one
of
these
Events
:
1.
Either
there
will
be
Gain
,
and
then
it
doth
improve
the
Stock
,
and
lays
up
an
Advantage
that
may
compensate
a
former
loss
and
enable
the
bearing
of
a
future
loss
.
And
I
know
no
reason
but
that
in
this
management
there
may
be
some
times
at
least
of
Advantage
as
well
as
in
private
Trading
.
The
times
are
not
alwayes
at
a
stand
in
Trade
,
but
some
times
,
and
most
ordinarily
there
is
some
gains
in
it
,
though
not
so
much
as
at
other
times
;
and
then
the
good
times
make
amends
for
the
bad
.
2.
Or
else
,
though
there
be
no
gain
,
there
will
be
no
loss
,
but
it
stands
at
a
stay
,
and
if
it
doth
so
this
design
attains
its
End
,
which
is
the
Imployment
of
the
Poor
.
Though
it
yields
not
the
Master
or
Trader
any
gain
,
yet
it
yields
the
Poor
a
subsistence
in
their
Wages
and
Work.
It
is
true
a
private
Tradesman
looks
to
gain
so
much
as
may
at
least
maintain
himself
and
his
Family
.
And
if
he
doth
not
he
gives
over
his
Trading
,
as
not
answering
his
end
;
and
it
may
be
in
some
cases
reasonable
to
do
so
:
But
though
here
be
little
or
no
gain
,
yet
the
End
is
attained
,
because
the
Poor
are
imployed
and
paid
though
the
Stock
increase
not
.
3.
Or
else
there
is
Loss
.
To
this
I
say
;
1.
If
there
be
Loss
,
yet
it
is
but
gradual
,
not
altogether
.
Suppose
it
be
twenty
,
thirty
,
or
forty
Pounds
in
a
Year
,
in
a
Stock
of
four
hundred
Pounds
,
and
by
that
account
,
yet
this
Stock
will
not
be
wholly
exhausted
in
five
or
six
Years
;
and
if
it
should
be
so
,
yet
the
Loss
to
the
Parish
would
not
be
more
than
it
would
be
if
its
old
course
of
contribution
at
the
height
that
it
would
have
been
during
the
spending
of
that
Stock
which
is
thereby
,
as
before
is
observed
,
in
a
great
measure
remedied
:
2.
These
decays
may
possibly
be
repaired
by
charitable
Gifts
and
Bequests
.
3.
But
if
it
were
not
,
yet
such
gradual
decays
may
be
supplyed
by
the
Parishes
with
the
same
Ease
that
their
contribution
would
have
been
,
all
things
considered
,
and
possibly
better
times
of
Trade
may
happen
at
least
once
in
two
or
three
Years
which
may
repair
the
loss
,
or
at
least
keep
the
Stock
at
its
full
gage
with
small
helps
:
4.
But
suppose
the
worst
and
that
in
the
Compass
of
three
or
four
Years
the
whole
Stock
were
wholly
drawn
dry
;
I
say
confidently
,
that
the
Advantage
the
Country
would
have
by
a
course
of
industrious
Education
of
the
Poor
continued
but
one
three
or
four
Years
,
will
more
then
countervail
the
loss
of
a
very
considerable
Stock
,
in
preventing
that
Trade
of
Idleness
which
grows
up
in
Poor
Families
which
will
dayly
infinitely
increase
,
and
will
receive
a
very
great
check
and
possibly
such
as
will
for
ever
prevent
the
return
of
such
a
course
of
life
by
the
interruption
of
a
tract
of
three
or
four
Years
of
Imployment
,
and
will
put
thousands
in
that
tract
of
time
into
a
course
of
trade
and
livelyhood
which
they
will
carry
with
them
all
their
lives
after
.
5.
And
besides
all
this
,
it
is
not
likely
the
trade
will
suffer
a
perpetual
interruption
,
but
Even
while
this
Stock
is
in
this
wane
and
declination
,
private
men
will
be
trading
,
and
then
in
this
decay
and
declination
of
the
Stock
(
if
it
should
be
unsupplyed
)
there
will
be
Work
at
private
hands
,
and
Persons
instructed
and
fitted
and
able
to
do
it
,
which
may
prevent
a
total
interruption
of
an
industrious
Education
and
may
give
some
intervals
of
relaxation
of
the
Imployment
of
the
common
Stock
,
at
least
in
that
fullness
as
formerly
,
till
it
be
recruited
by
new
supplyes
.
6.
But
yet
farther
,
the
Method
of
the
proposed
Imployment
though
it
be
principally
bottomed
upon
the
trade
of
Woollen
Cloathing
yet
it
will
have
other
supplyes
,
as
is
propounded
,
as
making
of
Kersyes
,
Baize
,
Knitting
of
Stockings
,
dressing
&
ordering
of
Hemp
and
Flax
,
and
Spinning
and
Weaving
it
.
And
though
there
were
no
other
but
the
Woollen
Manufacture
yet
if
it
should
please
our
Superiors
to
interdict
the
Wearing
of
forrein
Manufactures
,
our
own
consumption
at
home
and
the
necessity
that
they
have
in
forrein
parts
of
our
Woollen
Manufactures
would
double
the
Trade
of
Woollen
Manufactures
.
5.
Obj.
The
Poor
have
Work
already
if
they
will
work
,
and
the
setting
up
of
such
a
publique
Trade
will
but
make
Workmen
the
more
independent
,
and
decline
the
Imployment
of
private
Traders
which
will
tend
to
the
decay
of
Trade
.
I
Answer
I.
It
is
true
when
Trading
is
quick
possibly
they
may
have
Work
enough
but
upon
any
check
in
Trade
they
are
oftentimes
turned
off
unless
they
will
work
at
Extream
low
Wages
and
ill
paid
.
2.
When
work
is
so
plenteous
at
private
hands
there
may
be
an
intermission
or
relaxation
of
the
Imployment
of
the
common
Stock
:
Especially
if
they
can
have
better
Wages
at
private
hands
;
for
it
will
be
enough
for
this
to
be
supplemental
of
the
defects
of
work
at
others
hands
,
and
it
sufficiently
attains
its
End
if
it
may
be
a
refuge
at
the
time
of
need
for
those
that
would
work
and
cannot
get
it
,
and
an
Expedient
to
enforce
those
to
work
that
can
and
willnot
.
6.
Objection
.
Poor
that
do
their
work
well
,
and
are
honest
,
and
industrious
,
cannot
want
work
when
any
is
to
be
had
in
the
country
,
and
those
that
are
not
imployed
are
either
such
as
will
not
work
,
or
cannot
tell
how
to
work
,
or
will
steal
and
purloyn
their
Work
:
These
will
undo
the
Work-House
.
I
answer
1.
Some
times
there
are
when
the
honestest
Workmen
cannot
get
Work
,
and
this
will
be
a
reserve
for
them
.
2.
But
as
for
others
here
will
be
an
Expedient
to
teach
them
to
Work
that
cannot
,
and
to
compell
them
to
Work
,
that
can
,
and
to
punish
them
,
that
are
dishonest
in
their
Work.
3.
And
if
there
were
no
punishment
,
yet
when
a
Work-House
and
Stock
is
once
settled
,
that
would
be
sufficient
to
make
them
Work
:
For
when
every
man
were
once
sure
that
they
that
would
honestly
Work
might
have
it
,
and
reasonable
Wages
,
every
Wanderer
and
Begger
would
be
esteemed
such
a
Person
as
will
not
work
,
or
will
be
dishonest
in
it
,
and
not
fit
to
be
relieved
,
but
the
Laws
to
be
severely
put
in
Execution
against
them
.
7.
Obj.
But
where
shall
we
have
men
that
will
undertake
the
imployment
and
be
faithful
and
trusty
in
it
?
I
answer
1.
There
be
many
poor
and
honest
men
,
who
for
a
small
Salary
and
a
Room
or
two
to
Work
and
lodge
in
the
Work-House
would
be
fit
enough
to
undertake
the
Imployment
of
a
Master
,
and
yet
he
would
have
no
great
trust
upon
him
,
for
the
Stock
would
be
lodged
in
the
hands
of
the
Overseers
,
and
they
to
deliver
it
out
,
and
take
weekly
or
monethly
accounts
:
Which
Overseers
may
be
substantial
men
and
at
no
great
trouble
,
and
eligible
either
by
the
Justices
of
Peace
,
or
Parishioners
,
yearly
or
once
in
three
Years
,
and
their
trouble
would
be
no
greater
than
the
trouble
of
Overseers
of
the
Poor
,
or
Church-wardens
in
any
Parish
.
And
thus
I
have
hastily
and
cursorily
gone
through
the
Method
,
Reasons
and
Objections
of
this
Proposal
,
which
I
am
sure
if
it
can
be
brought
to
a
due
accomplishment
,
is
,
1.
A
Work
of
great
Humanity
and
such
as
we
owe
to
those
of
our
own
Nature
as
we
are
men
.
The
wise
God
did
tell
his
ancient
People
that
the
Poor
should
be
always
among
them
;
which
was
,
1.
To
Exercise
their
Liberality
and
Charity
in
supplying
the
wants
of
some
by
the
abundance
of
others
.
And
2.
To
Exercise
their
discretion
&
industry
to
think
of
and
set
on
foot
such
means
as
might
put
them
in
a
course
of
honest
Imployment
,
and
Encourage
them
in
it
:
they
that
are
rich
are
Stewards
of
their
Wealth
,
and
they
that
are
wise
are
Stewards
of
their
Wisdom
,
unto
that
great
Master
of
the
Family
of
Heaven
and
Earth
,
to
whom
they
must
give
an
account
of
both
;
and
one
,
I
am
sure
,
of
the
best
accounts
they
can
give
of
both
is
to
imploy
them
in
the
Reformation
&
Relief
of
those
that
want
both
or
either
.
Am
I
my
Brothers
keeper
was
the
answer
of
one
of
the
worst
of
men
.
2.
A
Work
that
as
well
becomes
a
Christian
as
any
,
Christianity
recommending
Charity
as
one
of
the
principal
Christian
Virtues
.
And
indeed
the
ill
Provision
for
the
Poor
in
England
is
one
of
the
greatest
reproaches
to
us
in
relation
to
our
Christian
Profession
.
3.
A
Work
for
a
good
English
man
:
The
want
of
a
due
Provision
for
Education
and
relief
of
the
Poor
in
a
way
of
Industry
is
that
which
fills
the
Goals
with
Malefactors
,
and
fills
the
Kingdom
with
idle
and
unprofitable
Persons
that
consume
the
Stock
of
the
Kingdom
without
improving
it
,
and
that
will
daily
increase
even
to
a
desolation
in
time
.
And
this
Error
in
the
first
concoction
is
never
remediable
but
by
Gibbets
and
whipping
.
But
there
must
be
a
sound
,
prudent
and
resolved
Method
for
an
Industrious
Education
of
the
Poor
,
and
that
will
give
better
remedy
against
these
corruptions
than
the
after
gain
of
penalties
can
.
FINIS
.