die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all these persons, viz. ... england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a83921 of text r211912 in the english short title catalog (thomason 669.f.25[29]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a83921 wing e2858 thomason 669.f.25[29] estc r211912 99870583 99870583 163834 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a83921) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 163834) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 247:669f25[29]) die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all these persons, viz. ... england and wales. parliament. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by john macock, and francis tyton, printers to the house of lords, london : 1660. "the regicide judges (and their estates if they have fled) are to be seized and secured, on complaint of the commons. all names of the judges given, alive or dead." -cf. steele. order to print dated: die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. signed: jo. browne, cleric. parliamentorum. reproductions of the originals in the british library. eng charles -i, -king of england, 1600-1649 -early works to 1800. regicides -england -early works to 1800. great britain -history -charles ii, 1660-1685 -early works to 1800. a83921 r211912 (thomason 669.f.25[29]). civilwar no die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, t england and wales. parliament. 1660 422 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2007-09 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-10 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-11 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2007-11 emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion royal blazon or coat of arms c r diev et mon droit die veneris , 18 maii , 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament , it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled , that all these persons , viz. john bradshaw , serjeant at law , president of the pretended high court of justice . john lisle . vvilliam say . oliver cromwel . henry ireton . esqs sir hardresse vvaller . valentine vvalton . thomas harrison . edward vvhaley . thomas pride . isaac ewers . esqs lord gray of groby . sir john danvers rt. sir thomas maleverer baronet . sir john bourcher rt. vvilliam heveringham esq alderman pennington alderman of london . vvilliam purefoy . henry martin . esqs john barkstead . john blackiston . gilbert millington . esqs sir vvilliam constable baronet . edmond ludlow . john hutchinson . esqs sir mich. livesey bar. robert tichbourne . owen roe . robert lilburne . adrian scroope . richard deane . john okey . john hewson . vvilliam goffe . cornelius holland . john carey . john jones . miles corbet . francis allinn . peregrine pelham . john moore . john aldred . henry smith . esqs humphrey edwards gregory clement . thomas vvoogan . esqs sir gregory norton knight . edmond harvy . john venn . thomas scot . esqs thomas andrews alderman of london . vvilliam cawly . anthony stapley . john downes . thomas horton , thomas hammond . nicholas love . vincent potter . augustine garland . john dixwel . george fleetwood . symon meyne . james temple . peter temple . daniel blagrave . thomas waite . esqs who sate in iudgement upon the late kings majesty when sentence of death was pronounced against him , and the estates both real and personal of all and every the said persons ( whether in their own hands , or in the hands of any in trust for their , or any of their vses ) who are fled , be forthwith seized and secured ; and the respective sheriffs and other officers whom this may concern , are to take effectual order accordingly . die veneris , 18 maii , 1660. ordered by the lords in parliament assembled , that this order and list be forthwith printed and published . jo . browne , cleric . parliamentorum . london , printed by john macock , and francis tyton , printers to the house of lords , 1660. die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all these persons, viz. john bradshaw ... [et al.] who sate in judgement upon the late kings majesty when sentence of death was pronounced against him, and the estates both real and personal of all and every the said persons ... england and wales. parliament. house of lords. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a83920 of text r211912 in the english short title catalog (wing e2858). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a83920 wing e2858 estc r211912 45097773 ocm 45097773 171362 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a83920) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 171362) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2572:10) die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all these persons, viz. john bradshaw ... [et al.] who sate in judgement upon the late kings majesty when sentence of death was pronounced against him, and the estates both real and personal of all and every the said persons ... england and wales. parliament. house of lords. 1 sheet ([1] p.). printed by john macock, and francis tyton, printers to the house of lords, london, : 1660. reproduction of original in the henry e. huntington library. eng charles -i, -king of england, 1600-1649 -assassination. regicides -great britain. confiscations -great britain. great britain -politics and government -1642-1660. great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649. broadsides -england -17th century. a83920 r211912 (wing e2858). civilwar no die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, t england and wales. parliament. house of lords 1660 428 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 c the rate of 23 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the c category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-11 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-11 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-01 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2008-01 emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion royal blazon or coat of arms c r diev et mon droit die veneris , 18 ▪ maii , 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament , it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled , that all these persons , viz. john bradshaw , serjeant at law , president of the pretended high court of justice . john lisle . vvilliam say . oliver cromwel . henry ireton . esqs ; sir hardresse vvaller . valentine vvalton . thomas harrison . edward vvhaley . thomas pride . isaac ewers . esqs ; lord gray of groby . sir john danvers kt. sir thomas maleverer baronet . sir john bourcher kt. vvilliam heveningham esq alderman pennington alderman of london . vvilliam purefoy . henry martin . john barkstead . john blackiston . gilbert millington . esqs ; sir vvilliam constable baronet . edmond ludlow . john hutchinson . esqs ; sir mich. livesey bar. robert tichbourne . owen roe . robert lilburne . adrian scroope . richard deane . john okey . john hewson . vvilliam goffe . cornelius holland . john carey . john jones . miles corbet . francis allinn . peregrine pelham . john moore . john aldred . henry smith . humphrey edwards gregory clement . thomas vvoogan . esqs ; sir gregory norton knight . edmond harvy . john venn . thomas scot . esqs ; thomas andrews alderman of london . vvilliam cawly . anthony stapley . john downes . thomas horton , thomas hammond . nicholas love . vincent potter . augustine garland . john dixwel . george fleetwood . symon meyne . james temple . peter temple . daniel blagrave . thomas waite . esqs ; who sate in iudgement upon the late kings majesty when sentence of death was pronounced against him , and the estates both real and personal of all and every the said persons ( whether in their own hands , or in the hands of any in trust for their , or any of their vses ) who are fled , be forthwith seized and secured ; and the respective sheriffs and other officers whom this may concern , are to take effectual order accordingly . die veneris , 18 maii , 1660. ordered by the lords in parliament assembled , that this order and list be forthwith printed and published . jo . browne , cleric . parliamentorum . london , printed by john macock , and francis tyton , printers to the house of lords , 1660. die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all these persons, viz. ... england and wales. parliament. house of lords. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription b03083 of text r175269 in the english short title catalog (wing e2858a). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 b03083 wing e2858a estc r175269 52612158 ocm 52612158 179452 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b03083) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179452) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2789:19) die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all these persons, viz. ... england and wales. parliament. house of lords. 1 sheet ([1] p.) re-printed by christopher higgins, in harts close, over against the trone-church, edinbvrgh : 1660. caption title. royal arms with initials c.r. at head of text. some text in black letter. list of names printed in three columns. order to print dated: die veneris, 18. maii. 1660. signed: jo. brown cleric. parliamentorum. imperfect: stained with slight loss of text. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. eng charles -i, -king of england, 1600-1649 -death and burial -early works to 1800. regicides -england -early works to 1800. great britain -politics and government -1660-1688 -sources. broadsides -england -17th century. b03083 r175269 (wing e2858a). civilwar no die veneris, 18 maii, 1660. : upon complaint this day made by the commons, it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled, that all thes england and wales. parliament. house of lords 1660 434 4 0 0 0 0 0 92 d the rate of 92 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the d category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 2008-09 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-11 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2009-01 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2009-01 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion royal blazon or coat of arms c r honi soit qvi mal y pense die veneris , 18. maii , 1660. upon complaint this day made by the commons in parliament , it is ordered by the lords in parliament assembled , that all these persons , viz. john bradshaw , serjeant at law , president of the pretended high court of iustice . esquires . john lisle , william say , oliver cromwel , henry ireton , sir hardress walter . esqs. valentine walton , thomas harrison , edward whalley , thomas pride , isaac ewers , lord gray of groby . sir john danvers , knight . sir thomas maleverer , baronet . sir john bourcher , knight . william heveningham , esquire . alderman pennington , alderman of london . esqs. william purefoy , henry martin , esqs ; john barkstead , john blackiston , gilbert millington , sir william constable baronet , esqs ; edmond ludlow , john hutchinson , sir mich. livesey , baronet . esqs ; robert tichboune , owen roe robert lil 〈…〉 adrian scroope , richard deane , john okey , john hewson , william goff , cornelius holland , john carey , john jones , miles corbet , francis allinn , peregrine pelham , john moore , john aldred , henry smith , esqs. humphrey edwards , gregory clement , thomas vvoogan , sir gregory norton , knight . esqs : edmond harvy , john venn , thomas scot , thomas andrews , alderman of london . esqs. william cawly , anthony stapley , john downes , thomas horton , thomas hammond , nicholas love , vincent potter , augustine garland , john dixwel , george fleetwood , symon meyne , james temple , peter temple , daniel blagrave , thomas waite , who sate in iudgement upon the late kings majesty when sentence of death was pro●●●nced against him , and the estates both real and personal of all and every the said persons , ●●ether in their own hands , or in the hands of any in trust for their , or any of their vses ) who are 〈◊〉 be forthwith seized and secured ; and the respective sheriffs and other officers whom this 〈◊〉 concern , are to take effectual order accordingly . die veneris , 18. maii. 1660. ordered by the lords in parliament assembled , that this order and list be forthwith printed and published . jo . brown , cleric . parliamentorum . edinbvrgh , re-printed by christopher higgins 〈…〉 se , over against the trone-church , 1660. by the king. a proclamation for the apprehension of edmund ludlow, commonly called, colonel ludlow. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a79339 of text r212598 in the english short title catalog (thomason 669.f.25[77]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a79339 wing c3447 thomason 669.f.25[77] estc r212598 99871201 99871201 163882 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a79339) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 163882) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 247:669f25[77]) by the king. a proclamation for the apprehension of edmund ludlow, commonly called, colonel ludlow. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, 1630-1685. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by john bill and christopher barker, printers to the kings most excellent majesty, london : 1660. dated at end: given at our court at whitehall, the first day of september, 1660. in the twelfth year of our reign. annotation on thomason copy: "sept. 5". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng ludlow, edmund, 1617?-1692 -early works to 1800. regicides -great britain -early works to 1800. great britain -history -charles ii, 1660-1685 -early works to 1800. a79339 r212598 (thomason 669.f.25[77]). civilwar no by the king· a proclamation for the apprehension of edmund ludlow esquire, commonly called, colonel ludlow. england and wales. sovereign 1660 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-07 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-10 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-11 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-11 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by the king . a proclamation for the apprehension of edmund ludlow esquire , commonly called , colonel ludlow . charles r. whereas we , by our proclamation , bearing date the sixth day of june last past , taking notice , by the information of the lords and commons in parliament assembled , of the mou horrid and execrable treason and murther , committed against the person , and against the life , crown and dignity of our late royal father of blessed memory . and that the persons therein named were deeply guilty thereof , did thereby command , that all and every of them should , within fourteen days next after , personally appear and render themselves , as therein is appointed , under the paine therein also expressed . and whereas edmund ludlow esquire , being one of the persons therein named , did , thereupon , render himself , nevertheless hath , since , escaped from out the custody of the serjeant at arms , attending on the house of commous , and is fled , or doth obscure himself , to evade the iustice of a legal tryal . we therefore have thought fit , by and with the advice of our privy council , to publish the same , to all our loving subjects , not doubting of their care and forwardness in his apprehension . and we do hereby require and command , as well all and singular our iudges , iustices of the peace , mayors , sheriffs , bayliffs , constables and headboroughs , as also the officers and ministers of our ports , and other our subjects whatsoever , within our realms of england , scotland , ireland , or dominion of wales , and all other our dominions and territoies , to be diligent in enquiring and searching for the said edmund ludlow , in all places whatsoever , as well within liberties as without , whom , if they shall happen to take , our further will and pleasure is , that they cause him so apprehended , to be safely carried before the next iustice of the peace , to the place where he shall be arrested , whom we streightly command to commit him to prison , and presently inform vs , or our privy council , of his said apprehension . and we do hereby further declare and publish , that if any person or persons , after this our proclamation published , shall directly or indirectly , conceale , harbour , keep , retain or maintain the said edmund ludlow , or shall contrive or connive at any means , whereby he may escape from being taken or arrested , or shall not use their best endeavors for his apprehension , as well by giving due advertisement thereof to our officers , as by all other good means , we will ( as there is just cause ) proceed against them that shall so neglect this our commandmnet with all severity . and lastly , we do declare , that whosoever shall discover the said edmund ludlow , either within our kingdoms of england , scotland , ireland or dominion of wales , or in any other our dominions and territories or elsewhere beyond the seas , and shall cause him to be apprehended , and brought in as aforesaid , shall have a reward of three hundred pounds in money , to be paid unto him , in recompence of such his service . given at our court at whitehall , the first day of september , 1660. in the twelfth year of our reign . london , printed by john bill and christopher barker , printers to the kings most excellent majesty , 1660. by the king. a proclamation for apprehension of edward whalley and william goffe england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a79304 of text r210773 in the english short title catalog (thomason 669.f.26[9]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a79304 wing c3316 thomason 669.f.26[9] estc r210773 99869530 99869530 163891 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a79304) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 163891) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 247:669f26[9]) by the king. a proclamation for apprehension of edward whalley and william goffe england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, 1630-1685. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by christopher barker and john bill, printers to the kings most excellent majesty, london : 1660. dated at end: given at our court at whitehall the two and twentieth day of september, in the twelfth year of our reign. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng treason -england -early works to 1800. regicides -england -early works to 1800. a79304 r210773 (thomason 669.f.26[9]). civilwar no by the king. a proclamation for apprehension of edward whalley and william goffe. england and wales. sovereign 1660 704 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-09 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-09 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion c r diev et mon droit honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms ❧ by the king . a proclamation for apprehension of edward whalley and william goffe . charles r. forasmuch as edward whalley , commonly known by the name of colonel whalley , and william goffe , commonly called colonel goffe , are , amongst others , by an act of this present parliament , entituled , an act of free and general pardon , indempnity and oblivion wholly excepted from pardon , and left to be proceeded against as traytors , for their execrable treasons in sentencing to death , signing the instrument for the horrid murder , or being instrumental in taking away the precious life of our late dear father of blessed memory . and forasmuch as they the said edward whalley and william goffe , having absented and withdrawn themselves , and fled , as we have been informed , to the parts beyond the seas , are now , as we certainly understand , lately returned into our kingdom of england , and do privately lurk and obscure themselves in places unknown ; we therefore have thought fit , by , and with the advice of our privy council , to publish the same to all our loving subjects , not doubting of their care and forwardness in their apprehension ; and we do hereby require and command , aswell all and singular our iudges , iustices of the peace , mayors , sheriffs , bayliffs , constables and headboroughs , as also the officers and ministers of our ports , and other our subjects whatsoever , within our realms of england , scotland , ireland , or dominion of wales , and all other our dominions and territories , to be diligent in inquiring , searching for , seizing and apprehending them , the said edward whalley , and william goffe , in all places whatsoever , aswel within liberties as without , whom if they shall happen to take and apprehend , our further will and pleasure is , that they cause them and either of them so apprehended , to be safely carried to the next iustice of the peace , to the place where they or either of them shall be arrested , whom we straitly command to commit them and either of them to prison , and presently inform vs or our privy council of their or either of their apprehensions . and we do hereby further declare and publish , that if any person or persons after this our proclamation published , shall directly or indirectly conceal , harbor , keep , retain , or maintain the said edward whalley and william goffe , or either of them , or shall contrive or connive at any means whereby they or either of them shall or may escape from being taken or arrested , or shall not use their best endeavor for their and either of their apprehensions , aswell by giving due advertisement thereof to our officers , as by all other good means ; we will ( as there is iust cause ) proceed against them that shall so neglect this our commandment with all severity . and lastly we do hereby declare , that whosoever shall discover the said edward whalley or william goffe , either within our kingdoms of england , scotland , ireland , or dominions of wales , or in any other our dominions and territories , or elsewhere , and shall cause them , or either of them , to be apprehended , and brought in alive or dead , if they or either of them , attempting resistance , happen to be slain , shall have a reward of one hundred pounds in money for each of them so brought in , dead or alive , as aforesaid , to be forthwith paid unto him in recompence of such his service . given at our court at whitehall the two and twentieth day of september , in the twelfth year of our reign . london , printed by christopher barker and john bill , printers to the kings most excellent majesty . 1660. the black box of rome, or, a true and short discourse shewing the blasphemous treacheries and conjurations of the wicked iesuites when they intend and encourage any of their impious disciples to murther a king and overthrow a kingdome ross, alexander, 1591-1654. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a28270 of text r13171 in the english short title catalog (wing b3043). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 7 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a28270 wing b3043 estc r13171 11697196 ocm 11697196 48250 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a28270) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 48250) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 14:13) the black box of rome, or, a true and short discourse shewing the blasphemous treacheries and conjurations of the wicked iesuites when they intend and encourage any of their impious disciples to murther a king and overthrow a kingdome ross, alexander, 1591-1654. 7 p. s.n.], [s.l. : 1641. attributed to alexander ross. cf. wrenn, j.h. a catalogue of the library of the late john henry wrenn. reproduction of original in union theological seminary library, new york. eng regicides. a28270 r13171 (wing b3043). civilwar no the black box of rome or, a true and short discourse, shewing the blasphemous treacheries and conjurations of the wicked iesuites, when they [no entry] 1641 1210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2003-09 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2003-10 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2004-01 jonathan blaney sampled and proofread 2004-01 jonathan blaney text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the black box of rome or , a true and short discourse , shewing the blasphemous treacheries and conjurations of the wicked iesuites , when they intend and encourage any of their impious disciples to murther a king , and overthrow a kingdome . printed in the yeare , 1641. the iesuites blasphemovs conivrations to encovrage their proselytes to king-killing-treacheries . such is the most bloudy , and most blasphemous impudencie of these romish incendiaries , that when they put on a divellish and desperate resolution , to murther any emperour , king , or prince whom they have once pronounced to be an hereticke , and excommunicate person ; and thereupon intend to murther him by some raviliack , whom they make choice of for the execution of the said treason ; that after such an unfortunate and wretched person , is once allured , and entred into their place of consultation , or chamber of ( philonicall ) prayers , ( for sooth ) as they call them : these infernall firebrands kneele all downe , who in their prayers observe their time ; and put before the intended traitor , a knife folded up in a scarfe ; shut up in a little box , covered with an agnus dei ; written about with black letters of perfumes , odorifirous characters : and when they draw it out themselves , they cast or sprinckle some drops of holy water upon it , and which done , they hang at the hafte of the said knife , five or six graines of corrall , which are blessed by them , who blaspheamously they give him to understand , and make him beleeve that so many blowes , as shall be given by him with the said knife ; so many soules shall be released out of purgatorie . afterwards , putting the knife into the intended murtherers hand , they pronounce these words saying : goe now like iephte , with the sword of sampson in thy hand , the sword with which david did cut off golia's head , the sword of gedion ; yea , the sword with which iudith did cut off holophernes head , the sword of the valiant machabees , and the same with which saint peter did cut off malcas his eare , yea i say , the sword of pope iulius the second , with the which ( breaking the forces of oppugning princes ) he tooke out of their hands with great effusion of blood , the citties of sezza , imola , fayance , bologna , and many other cities : goe thus i say , thou magnanimous champion of the chaire of rome , and be valiant , and god strengthen thine arme for the great worke now intended by thee . after which , this infernall kennell of romish blood-hounds kneele all downe , and the most wretchedly renowned and cursedly quallified amongst them , with a cauterized conscience and immarbled heart , pronounceth the bloody conjuration , impiously and impudently saying as followeth . come cherabims , come seraphinns , and highest thrones that rule , come blessed angels : yea , blessed angels of charitie , come and fill this holy vessel with glory and eternity , and bring him presently the crowne of the virgin mary , of the patriarches , and of the martirs , for he belongeth no longer to us , but to you . and thou oh dreadfull and terrible god , who hast revealed to him in these our prayers and meditations ; that he ought to murther a tyrant , and confound a hereticke , and to give the crowne to a catholike-king . and being by us disposed to this meritorious murther , vouchsafe to fortifie his senses , and increase his forces : to the end that he may accomplish this thy great will ; and vouchsafe to arme and furnish him with the harnesse of thy powerfull providence , that he may valiantly performe the worthy worke he hath piously undertaken , and may happily escape from those , who would apprehend him : give him eagles winges , that the spight and malice of those barbarians whom hee goes against , may not once touch his sanctified members . extend also the beames of thy joy and coelestiall felicitie upon his sacred soule , to the end that by the blessed influence thereof , the parts and members of his body also ; may be encouraged and enabled to this great worke , and that it may chearefully dispose it selfe to this holy combate without feare or shrinking pusillanimity . this accursed conjuration being thus audaciously and gracelessely uttered , they carry the thus inchanted bloody regicide , and set him before an altar , where they shew him a picture wherein the angels are seene and showne to have lifted up and elevated long since iames clement , a bloody iacobine fryer , and represented him ( as it were ) before the throne of god , saying : lord behold thy pupill , behold thy well-instructed champion , and the accomplisher of thy justice : whereupon all the saints rise out of their seates to make him roome , and give him place among them . and when all these things are thus done and finished , there are no more but foure iesuites only left with him , who when they come neare him ; they with diabolicall impudencie and lying flatterie , say unto him : that they seeme to perceive that there is some diety infused into him , and that they are so astonished with the radiant light-shining and glistering in him , that they hold it their honour to kisse his hands and feete , and make him madly to beleive that they account him not a meere man any longer ; but that they esteeme themselves ( as it were ) as they say , halfe unworthy of the happinesse and glory which hee hath already obtained by his catholicke resolution , and sighting deepely before him : they say unto him ; we would that god had chosen us , and called us to your estate : since we should be truly assured , that we should goe really , and directly into paradice without comming at purgatorie . and thus having intoxicated and bewitched the miserable wretch , they thus leave him to his intended bloody designe . the end of the conjuration . finis . o lord preserve our noble king charles , and all his posteritie , from the power of all such romish regicides and bloody traitors , who thus plot and practice to build up their romish synagogue with blood . and grant good god , that our gracious king charles , may with his posterity , long continue a happie and prosperous raigne over this kingdome , for the maintenance and propagation of christs gospell in despight of antichrist , and all his bold and bloody adherents : and let every good , and loyall subject and true hearted english christian say , amen , and amen . the speech of maj. gen. harison, upon his arraignment, tryal, and condemnation; with the sentence of death pronounced against him, to be hang'd, drawn, and quarter'd as also the speeches of alderman tich mr. burn, hugh peters, col. axtel, and col. lilburn; at the sessions house in the old bayley, before the most honourable lords, and others his majesties commissioners of oyer and terminer; upon the reading of the charge and indictment of high-treason, that they had wilfully, maliciously, and trayterously, advised, abetted, assisted, contrived, and compassed the death of our late dread soveraign charles the first by the grace of god of ever blessed memory king of england, scotland, france, and ireland, defender of the faith, &c. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a87169 of text r231005 in the english short title catalog (wing h913a). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 10 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a87169 wing h913a estc r231005 99896634 99896634 170765 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a87169) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 170765) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2429:16) the speech of maj. gen. harison, upon his arraignment, tryal, and condemnation; with the sentence of death pronounced against him, to be hang'd, drawn, and quarter'd as also the speeches of alderman tich mr. burn, hugh peters, col. axtel, and col. lilburn; at the sessions house in the old bayley, before the most honourable lords, and others his majesties commissioners of oyer and terminer; upon the reading of the charge and indictment of high-treason, that they had wilfully, maliciously, and trayterously, advised, abetted, assisted, contrived, and compassed the death of our late dread soveraign charles the first by the grace of god of ever blessed memory king of england, scotland, france, and ireland, defender of the faith, &c. axtel, daniel, d. 1660. lilburne, robert, 1613-1665. peters, hugh, 1598-1660. [2], [6] p. printed for charles gustavus, london : 1660. reproduction of original in the folger shakespeare library. eng harrison, thomas, 1606-1660 -trials, litigation, etc. -early works to 1800. axtel, daniel, d. 1660 -trials, litigation, etc. -early works to 1800. lilburne, robert, 1613-1665 -trials, litigation, etc. -early works to 1800. peters, hugh, 1598-1660 -trials, litigation, etc. -early works to 1800. charles -i, -king of england, 1600-1649 -early works to 1800. trials (treason) -early works to 1800. regicides -early works to 1800. last words -early works to 1800. great britain -history -puritan revolution, 1642-1660 -early works to 1800. great britain -history -commonwealth and protectorate, 1649-1660 -early works to 1800. a87169 r231005 (wing h913a). civilwar no the speech of maj. gen. harison, upon his arraignment, tryal, and condemnation; with the sentence of death pronounced against him, to be han [no entry] 1660 1699 15 0 0 0 0 0 88 d the rate of 88 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the d category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-05 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-06 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2007-06 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the speech of maj. gen. harison , upon his arraignment , tryal , and condemnation ; with the sentence of death pronounced against him , to be hang'd , drawn , and quarter'd . as also the speeches of alderman tich mr. burn , hugh peters , col. axtel , and col. lilburn ; at the sessions house in the old bayley , before the most honourable lords , and others his majesties commissioners of oyer and terminer ; upon the reading of the charge and indictment of high-treason , that they had wilfully , maliciously , and trayterously , advised , abetted , assisted , contrived , and compassed the death of our late dread soveraign charles the first by the grace of god of ever blessed memory king of england , scotland , france , and ireland , defender of the faith , &c. london , printed for charles gustavus , 1660. the speech of major gen. harrison , sir hardress waller , and hugh peters , at justice-hall in the old-bayley ; upon the reading of the bills of indictment , &c. the bill of indictment being ( on tuesday last ) read at hicks-hall , against those unjust judges , who contriv'd , arraign'd sentenc'd , and executed that most vertuous prince our late soveraign king charles the first of ever blessed memory ; and the said bill being found by the grand jury of knights and gentlem●n of quality of the county of middlesex , on wednesday ( octob. 10. ) twenty eight of those whom the grand jury had found , were brought from the tower to justice hall in the old bayley before the most honorable lords , and other his majesties c●mmissioners of oyer & terminer ; the names of the prisoners were , sir hardress waller , thomas harrison , robert tichburne , william heveningham , henry marten , robert lilburne , john carew , isaac pennington , owen roe , john jones , john cook , henry smith , john downs , george fleetwood , thomas wait , simon meye , hugh peters , thomas scot , gilbert millington , adrian scroop , gregory clement , edmund harvey , vincent potter , augustine garland , james temple , francis hacker , peter temple , daniel axtel . the court being sate , called three prisoners to the bar , viz. sir hardress waller , col. harrison , william h●venningham . the first was sir hardress waller , which with the two others were indicted to this purpose following : that they together with oliver cromwel , henry ireton , robert titchbourn , isaac pennington , robert lilburn , john hewson late of the city of westminster shoo-maker , &c. had wilfully , maliciously , and traterously , advised , abetted , assisted , contrived , and compassed the death of our late dread soveraign charles the first , by the grace of god of ever blessed memory , king of england , scotland , france , and ireland , defender of the faith , &c. sir hardress waller began to excuse his long being out of england , and unacquaintance with english affairs ; but eing bid to answer positively , whether he was guilty or not guilty of the high treason whereof he had been indicted , and then arraigned , answered , guilty . the next was col. thomas harison , who at the first refused to hold up his hand , till the lord chief baron , judge forster , and other judges told him his duty in that particular : after which , he said , i confess it is but a formality , and therefore i will do it ; and so held up his hand : bu● several times offered to sally out into discourses , refusing to answer guilty or not guilty , till the judges declared the necessity of answ●ring one of the two , which they were forced to do divers times before he would be brought to give an answer , but at last he did , and said , not guilty . william heveningham answered the like ; but col. george fleetwood pleaded guilty without any demur . these being dismist , isaac pennington , henry marten , gilbert millington , robert titchbourn , owen roe , robert lilbourn , were called to the bar. isaac penningtons age gave him not time to make long apologies , for he very suddenly answered not guilty ; so did gilbert millington , and owen roe . henry marten being the next began to quibble with the court , and to deny his name to be mentioned in the act ; whereupon the court were put to the trouble of calling for the act of oblivion , and there read his name ; but he answered , that his name was marten not martin , as in the act expressed . but being told they knew him to be the man , let his name be what it would , was bid to answer , who then said , not guilty . titchbourn being next , began to excuse his want of skill in law affairs ; pleading , that he was before very wise , learned , and judicious lawyers , and that being unable to plead for himself , desired the court to assign him councel to assist him therein : to which it was answered , that he was not yet come to his tryal , but onely arraigned ; and asked him guilty or not guilty ? to which he could not tell what to answer ; he said he did acknowledge part of the indictment . but being told he must say guilty or not ; answered , not guilty . so did lilburn and all the rest . col. daniel axtel desired he might have the liberty of an english-man , that the law was his birth right , and so he might lawfully claim it , that he did conceive there was law in his case , and so desired to have councel in it , that he did believe the parliament — but there he was bid to plead to the indictment , guilty or not guilty ; which after much roving , and being told the danger of standtng mute , he answered , why then , not guilty . and being asked by whom he would be tryed he did not answer ; at which one bid him answer , by god and his countrey . but he answered , he could not do so ; for he did not believe god to be there . in conclusion , he said , he would be tryed by the lord iesus christ , and by his countrey , hugh peters being asked whether he was guilty of the high treason whereof he was indicted , he lifted up his hands and eyes , and said ; guilty ? no not for ten thousand worlds . 't is probable , he may have regret of conscience , for ushering in his former doctrines ( or rather blasphemies ) of heresies and rebellions ; and with the penitent thus contemplate with a ferve●t spirit o miserable and wretched souls , to use such barbarisme against our gracious soveraign , and protes●●●● 〈…〉 ay the wisest of men and the b●st of princes . o s●d and mis●rable are all those who have committed such horrid impiety in the assassinating of their most gracious soveraign , that whosoever heard thereof ▪ it could not but make both his ears to tingle , his heart to faint , and his knees to tremble . o it was we that in a tumultuous and disloyal way made covenants to oppose the king , and countenance that empostress maiden who ( pretending to enthusiasmes ) perswaded the people to rebellion , and blasphemed christ by the name of covenanting iesus . it was we that was the cause of the late execrable miseries throughout the three kingdoms ; good god what advocate shall we have to plead for us at the barre of gods iudgement , now ●hou art calling for us to make an account of these things ? when inquisition is made for blood , and the cry of the soules under the altar shall obtain their desired vengeance upon us . how hath every loyal bre●st shrunk ▪ and every faithful soul thrill'd at the horror of that fatal blow , which at one stroak murdered not onely one prince , but three kings in one , the best of men , and three kingdoms , the most flourishing of all people , and in them the most royal blood of imperial majesty , the purest of all religions , the justest of all laws , the wisest constitution of all governments , and ( had we known our own happiness ) the happiest of all people ? what tongue of men or angels can sufficiently express the detestation of that bloody fact that separated the best of heads from so lovely a body ? the best of kings from his most loyal subjects ? the best of husbands from a most affectionate wife ? the best of fathers from most sweet and dutiful children ? and the best of masters from thousands of most happy servants . in a word , the horridness of that transcendent impiety was such , that ( next to the murdering of our most blessed saviour ) it was the most accursed act that ever yet was perpetrated upon the face of the earth . on thursday major general harrison was again brought to the bar , and pleading to his indictment , after some time spent thereupon , he was brought in guilty , and received sentence to be drawn , hanged , and quartered ; upon pronouncing whereof , he said , the lords will be done , although ye kill the body , yet ye cannot hurt the soul . finis . the most vile and lamentable confession of hugh peters of all his bloody advices given to the late oliver cromwel, touching all the horrid murders committed upon those martyrs whose names are all herein specified, immediately after his apprehension neer horsly-down, sept.4. together with a conference between him and sir henry martin, now in the tower of london. sing hey homy honey, my heart shall never rue, twenty four traytors now for a penny, and into the bargain hugh. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a89379 of text r209637 in the english short title catalog (thomason e1842_3). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 15 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 9 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a89379 wing m2931a thomason e1842_3 estc r209637 99868502 99868502 170454 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a89379) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 170454) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 230:e1842[3]) the most vile and lamentable confession of hugh peters of all his bloody advices given to the late oliver cromwel, touching all the horrid murders committed upon those martyrs whose names are all herein specified, immediately after his apprehension neer horsly-down, sept.4. together with a conference between him and sir henry martin, now in the tower of london. sing hey homy honey, my heart shall never rue, twenty four traytors now for a penny, and into the bargain hugh. peters, hugh, 1598-1660, marten, henry, 1602-1680, 15, [1] p. : ill. for john andrews at the white-lyon near pie-corner, london printed, : [1660] not in fact by hugh peters. a satire. imprint date from wing. in dialogue and verse. the first leaf contains a portrait of henry marten on the recto and a portrait of hugh peters on the verso. the final leaf contains a woodcut on the verso. annotation on thomason copy: "sept. 1660", "sept. 17". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng peters, hugh, 1598-1660 -early works to 1800. marten, henry, 1602-1680 -early works to 1800. cromwell, oliver, 1599-1658 -early works to 1800. regicides -england -early works to 1800. a89379 r209637 (thomason e1842_3). civilwar no the most vile and lamentable confession of hugh peters of all his bloody advices given to the late oliver cromwel,: touching all the horrid peters, hugh 1660 2423 4 0 0 0 0 0 17 c the rate of 17 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the c category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-05 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-06 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2007-06 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion hugh peters . the most vile and lamentable confession of hugh peters of all his bloody advices given to the late oliver cromwel , touching all the horrid murders committed upon those martyrs whose names are all herein specified , immediately after his apprehension neer horsly-down , sept. 4. together with a conference between him and sir henry martin , now in the tower of london . sing hey ho my honey , my heart shall never rue , twenty four traytors now for a penny , and into the bargain hugh . london printed , for john andrews at the white lyon near pie-corner . enter hugh peters into the tower . martin . o father peters our ghostly father , and prophane teacher i much congratulate to see you here . peters . no not so glad as i am to see you here sir henry , for indeed i thought you had been hanged half a year ago . mar. oh what need that mr. chaplin , so long as you and i can be hanged together ? peters . ah , ah , sir harry you say right that one gallows might serve us both , but i knew the time once when a whole kingdome could not serve us both . mar. no , how could they when you preacht the destruction of three at once ? peters . ah , and had brought it to pass to , had you and i continued . mar. truly mr. chaplin i believe we had , for i could have perswaded noll our mr. that all things came by nature . peters . yes and i believe i went as neer to it , until he took an occasion to dye , as the devil would have it , then all our long labouring mischiefe came all unto ruine and confusion in a moment . mar. but what did you think of riohard the innocent ? peters . truely as much as ever i did , for i found him a fool at first , and even so i left him at last . mar. but what say ye to harry the novice who had all ireland , and an army at command . pet. troth even as the devil said to the colier , like to like , for had he stood it out like a brave stout rebel there , we could have plaid our high born prancks of vilany , and glutted our selves in the very ocean of tyranny , till the surged waves of calamity had overspread the three nations , then for quietness sake , we had been safe enough , i 'le warrant you . mar. no not so secure as we are now , i 'le warrant you too . pet. nay but we had took our full swing in rebellion then . mar. gad i cannot tell for that , but the full swing for rebellion i am sure we shall take ere long . pet. what swing do you mean , sir henry , speak out . mar. the down-right english word , i know you are a scholer , we shall take our swing upon tyborn gallows , do you under●●and me now ? pet. i understand all can be but a hanging , and that i prophesied seven years ago t would be our end . mar. truly i wish then you had been hanged seven years ago , you could not tell us that jest in your pulpit amongst them all , it might a been a warning to us , but i thought too sudden risings would prove divellish fallings at the last . pet. why how did you advance your self , cousen martin ? mar. o lass cousen peters do you not know that i was first the kings jeweller , then a judas , next his judge , and walked one the right hand of the devil , even to this place . pet. and has he left the now ? alas poor dog of egypt . but how long time were you ere you obtained your judgeship ? mar. but one whole year , and then i was at the top of my self-minded religion . why were you religious to ? o yes always for a colour , for i acted nothing but what was under pretence of religion . pet. surely you must needs be some great scholer then . mar. no indeed cousen peters never none in my life . pet. nay then i know you could not other ways chuse but have a brave sweet disembling tongue of your own . mar. yes , yes , that i had ever from a youth , and a great many more besides you and i , but pray what were you cousen peters when your money flow'd upon you like the ocean upon the shore ? pet. why , faith i was any thing then for money , church-man , or states-man , and sometimes privie-counsellor , unto old oliver the dragon of mankind . mar. ah , but what did you advise him to , in the prime of your flourishing , everlasting in famous ambition ? pet. alass , did not you know all this while what i advised him to ? mar. yes , you caused him to cease upon several gentlemens estates , which did promote our horrid designes beyond seas bravely , and paid for the contrivances of many a wicked plot here besides . pet. ay , and i made him to be head doctor hewit , and hangd mr. peter vowel two loyall sub●ects of the kings , and i believe i was bravely commended for it . mar. ah , but i am afraid now you l bravely hang for it . pet. tru●ly cousen martin i speak unfainedly upon the word of a divine , i had as live be hanged for that , as for a lesser matter : but what brave acts did you advise him to bring under his rod of tyranny ? mar. o i and oliver st. johns were the two prime imps , that first invented the plots concerning that syndercombe who was hanged drawn and quartered afterwards , and buried upon tower-hil . pet. pray cousen martin , relate to me the story how you invented that noble piece of wickedness , for i was then at st. albons preaching up to the ears in sorcery and southsaying , to the poor hypocritical led away simpletons , yet every one gave a tallent unto my treacherous treasury , which amounted to above a hundred pound and more . mar. ah mary sir , i think though i got the gown you got the money , but what did oliver himself get do you think ? pet. he get , he got the devil and all by excise and customs . mar. truely , i am of your mind , for the devil was alwayes very neer him ; and to you to i 'me perswaded . pet. no not when i was in the pulpit . mar. yes truly i am confident then most of all , for you were always telling us who ought to be sequestrated , and who to be hanged , and how to contrive and set our engines at work upon t , which made us give more audience to that then ever we did to the best proof in scripture . pet. why should you not , it did more concerne you then any thing in the bible ever did i am sure on it . mar. nay , i must confess we did never much make our selves students in scripture language , except it was now and then to make use of it for a colour to our ireligious , prophane , tyranicall actions for we was constrained ever to say t was for religion sake , and the libertie of the people . pet. aye brother martin i did commend you highly in that , for indeed i think they might have had libertie to a gone a begging to what country they pleased at last . mar. truly i believe so they might , at the rate we held on : neither did we care what end went foremost so we might have kept them low enough , and by that means we knew we should rise high enough ; and then for sermons i believe we brought them to such a pass that there was never more preachers know in england since nebuchadnezzar the great pagan . pet. truly cosen martin i think our master oliver did not go much behind him in all the best of his tyranicall murders , spoils , vilanies , had the devil spared him a little longer i did intend to have baptized him a new and called his name second nebuchadnezzar . mar. why do you cosen peters believe he was ever baptized in all his life . truly i cannot tell that cosen martin i never heard that ever he was . pet. but i think he came to his dignity like pope bonifas , cuning like a fox , he lived like a lyon and died like a dog . mar. but nevertheless let you and i give him his due character he was the bravest contriver of plots as i verily believe the devil never went before him . pet. no because he alwayes came after and put him formost to act his plots for he had a devilish brain with him alwayes and ever had . mar. aye truly cosen peters t is a question whether the devil had not him at the last , ye or no . pet. nay as for that matter we need not to question , for i beleive t is very well known that we set him as forward on his way as any two alive could do : and he us , that 's the truth on it , for we were actually every one of us , joyntly & severally in all the horid murders , chancemedlies , burglaries , rapes spoyls & vilanies , frauds deceits and perjuries : therefore lets not curse one another knowing there be so many thousand do curse us already for wronging the fatherles , oppressing the widows , depriving the orphants driving them by whole sale into utter ruine , extremity , calamities , miseries and destruction ; and now having declared no more then what do very well know to be truth and the most part of the three kingdoms can wittness , let us leave noll where he is , and speak one little touch of our own unreconsilable proceedings , deploring fortune and cursing fate for our too sudden , unexpected , long deserved securement of these our sad , co●rupted , ilbegotten carkasses in the tower of london . i person peters fully do declare , and tell the world what ever i have bin , and if you please to hang me do not spare because i proved traytor to my king , the cause of doctor hewets death i was , and peter vowel hang'd at charing-cross . and old sir henry slingsby he likewise , with his gray hairs i brought him to his grave , which at the bar he twice was on his knees beseeching that a pardon he might have ; for as he was aged , so he was innocent , and in our plots he ne'r had finger in 't . but i most impious vilain did put in , that he unto the tower should be brought and martyr like , to suffer for his king , i always in such horrid murders sought , then like a lamb he bowed down his hed , which from his body soon was severed . when peter vowel came to charing-cross , i was in person present to behold , he had a spirit so magnanimous , and wonderous in his language he was bold , quoth he i suffer for my king i hope , and then his neck submitted to the rope . heavens did know , and now the world doth hear . what a malefactor in my life i 'de been , my horrid acts are more then i can bear , for t is aleadgd i murthered my king , though impious villain yet will not confess until such time i see how things will pass . martin . i hen. martin late such prancks have plaid that generations now doth me deride , for judas like my master i betrayed and sate in judgment when that he was tryd this did i do for little wordly pelph , which now could take a rope and hang my self . peters . no , no , sir henry others they will take , the pains to hang you up upon a bough , for they on you anatomie will i make , that all might say , see what 's come on him now , and when your heart they open do within they wonder will at such a stony thing . o brother peters that was for the king , i prethy take that word away by stealth , you know long time together we have bin both thieves and robers to the common-wealth , and as the devil pleased to bring us hither , so let us rebel like now hang together . i henry martin now cannot confess , no more then what good people all doth know , i tutered was always in wickedness , and traytor both to king & country too and now to the tower late i have come hither , where i and parson peters are together . finis . hugh , thou art welcome to the tower , we are glad we have got you in our power , and hope ere long hither to bring , the whole pack of rogues that murther'd the king , the cry of royal innocent blood heard and answered being a true and impartial account of gods extraordinary and signal judgments upon regicides : with an historical relation of the deposing, murthering, and assasinating of several kings of england, scotland, france, &c. ... assheton, william, 1641-1711. 1683 approx. 186 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 72 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a26058 wing a4026 estc r23635 07869634 ocm 07869634 40182 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to 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(eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a26058) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 40182) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1194:29) the cry of royal innocent blood heard and answered being a true and impartial account of gods extraordinary and signal judgments upon regicides : with an historical relation of the deposing, murthering, and assasinating of several kings of england, scotland, france, &c. ... assheton, william, 1641-1711. [6], 126 p., [1] leaf of plates : ports. printed for daniel brown, london : 1683. "entred according to order." reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore 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bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng regicides. 2006-02 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-10 john latta sampled and proofread 2006-10 john latta text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the cry of royal innocent blood , heard and answered : being a true and impartial account of gods extraordinary and signal judgments upon regicides . with an historical relation of the deposing , murthering , and assasinating of several kings of england , scotland , france , &c. for near 600 years last past . with the plots , conspiracies , means and methods that were used to compass their destruction . as likewise gods signal vengeance immediately succeeding such tragedies , upon the nations in which they were suffered to be perpetrated , as famine , war , pestilence , murraine of cattle , fires , earthquakes , and inundations . worthy the perusal of all , and may serve as an antidote against faction and rebellion . touch not my anointed , nor do my prophets no harm , psal . 105.15 . entred according to order . london , printed for daniel brown at the black-swan and bible without temple-bar , and tho. benskin in st. brides church-yard fleet-street , 1683. k edmund the 30 mon of the enalishmen assasianated . k· edward the ii. deposed & murthered k· richard the ii. deposed & murtherd . k· henry the vi. deposed & murthered k edward the v. murthered . k· henry the iii of fra assasianated k henry the iiii of fra assasinated henry stewart k of scotland murthered k· charles the i. martyred printed for dan browne and tho. benskin 1683 to the reader . reader , what ever thou art , consider well this treatise , in which as in a mirrour , you may behold the machivilian policies of wicked and desperate men , formed to bring about their diabolical purposes , and at the same time observe how the unerring hand of divine vengeance has overwhelmed them with swift destruction ; for what greater affront can be offered the almighty , then with sacralegious hands to shed the blood of his anointed , even those whom himself has chosen from amongst all the sons of men , to bear his sacred character , and govern as his vice-gerents upon earth , on whom he has doubly stamp'd his bless'd idea , and has declared that by him they reign , and honoured them with titles above the ordinary rank of men , viz. i have said ye are gods , &c. as indeed they are gods upon earth , to execute justice upon the wicked , and cherrish the virtuous , against whom the wise man says there is ( that is , there ought to be ) no rising up , and that we ought not to speak evil of them , no not in our hearts , yet such have been the hellish engins raised by the prince of darkness , that ( not regarding their allegiance to the king of kings , nor his vice-gerents ) contrary to all oaths ▪ and strictest ties , have not feared to perpetrate such villanies as in their effects have made whole kingdoms groan , but added guilt to guilt , by making religion the cloak of their horrid impieties , or at least the reformation of the kingdoms wherein their villanies were acted , which ( as they insinuated into the unthinking plebeans ) must of necessity be effected , or that all things would sink into inevitable ruin , when at the same time , these instruments of satan , were brooding more miseries and dire calamities then pandoras-box contained , plagues to afflict mankind , and turn all things into confusion , though for the most part the pitt that they digged for others , themselves have fallen into , for it has been observed , how crafty so ever the regicides of all ages have been to bring about their amazing impieties , yet none of them sooner or later have escaped the hand of divine vengeance , either in some signal and exemplary punishment , or by the wounds of a torturing conscience , even in this life , as is at large discovered in this treatise , which contains the tragedies of many good kings of these latter ages , deposed and murthered by their subjects ( or rather devils in the shapes of men ) especially such kings of england , as have come to untimely ends by such means , for six hundred years past ; together with compendious histories of their lives and reigns , and the calamities that thereupon have befallen this and other nations ; worthy the perusal of all persons , and may serve as a terrible memento , or warning-peice to those whose consciences start not ( when either ambition or profit is the master ) at the horridest impiety that hell can dictate . the cry of royal blood heard & answered : or , an historical account of the deposing , murthering , &c. of several kings of england , &c. and of gods severe vengeance on the regicides . amongst the many crimes that hasten heavens vengeance on wretched miscreants , there is none so vile in the sight of the worlds creator ( who is a god of purer eyes than to behold iniquity ) than the loud tongu'd scarlet crime of shedding innocent blood ; a sin so heinous , that it seldom escapes exemplary punishment in this world , the better to deterr barbarous wretches from violating the persons , and bereeving of life those on whom god has been pleased to impress his sacred stamp , by inspiring them with immortal souls , and setting before them a large prospect of heaven and eternal happiness ; but more immediately when hell-born villains dare murther those on whom his sacred image is doubly stamped , as kings and men , against whom they should not imagine evil , no not in their hearts . but since history abounds with the relation of such execrable treasons , and villainous assassinations , i shall make it the subsequent discourse of this treatise to lay open the nature and manner of those amazing tragedies , by what means and treasonable divices , the regicides of almost all ages have accomplished their most pernicious enterprizes ; and how heavens vengeance with a level aim , at first or last has hit them sure , and brought them to destruction . passing over the murthers of agamemnon , darius , alexander the great , hannibal , pompey , caesar and divers other emperours , kings and princes , who fell by treachery , and whose blood was thorowly revenged on the murtherers , even when they supposed themselves the most secure , i shall proceed to more modern times , and not exceeding 670. years past : and first , i shall begin with the murther of good king edmund , sirnamed the ironside , being the thirty third monarch of the english-men . this king of the saxon line , succeeding his father king ethelred , was crowned at kingstone upon thames , by livingus arch-bishop of canterbury , on the 16 of april , anno 1016. at what time the pagan danes , with bloody cruelties insested this island , destroying and burning all before them , without regard to either sex or age. but such was the success of this valiant king , that he not only put a stop to their proceedings , but gave them many fatal overthrows , and had past all dispute forced them to have left the prey , the which so long with bloody hands so eagerly they grasped , had it not been for the prodigious treasons of the monster edrick , a person who by this kings means , during the reign of his father , though ill deserving such a title , had been created a duke , and was now general of king edmund's army , and by the power of such a trust , sought by all means the downfal of his lord , which to his eternal infamy he at last effected , as shall hereafter be related . long time had this treacherous duke sought opportunity to bring the good king to destruction , but success so waited on his arms , that for a long time no advantage could be proposed ; for had he done it whilst the danes were weak , his hopes had been frustrated : yet growing impatient of delay , he resolved to make some attempt to bring about his wicked purpose . and therefore a fierce battel being begun between the english and danes at sherostan in worcester-shire , which continued bloody and doubtful for two days ; but in end the danes beginning to shrink , edrick presently cut off the head of one of his own soldiers , named osmearus ; like the king in hair , shape of his beard and countenance , held it upon his bloody sword , still gasping , and cried to the english host , fly wretches , fly , get you away for your king is slain , behold his head , therefore seek now to save your own lives . the fight so daunted the courage of the english , who entirely loved their king , that the battel began to swerve , and wanted but little of plain flight , which had certainly been , had not king edmund understood the cause , and instantly from a high place shewed himself to his soldiers , with many words of incouragement stayed them in their ranks , and by entering amongst the rest of the squadrons , given them new vigour , so that plainly perceiving the treachery , they bent their bows against the traitour , and had dispatched him , had he not sunk into the rear : yet they turned their fury upon the danes and made great slaughter , even till the field was coloured with blood , continuing the fight till night parted them . at what time the treacherous duke came to the kings tent , and after much seeming submission , excused his treason , by alleadging he was mistaken in the countenance of the man , and thirsting to save english blood , advised them to shift for themselves : as for the former part of the excuse , 't is not doubted but he spoke true ; for that day the king was disguised in the battel , and this wretch who sought his destruction , might in the hurry take osmearus for him , and for that cause slew him . but such was the goodness of the king , that his dissimulation gained belief , and he was again received into favour , though contrary to the mind of the kings council , who would have had him banished , and well had it been for king edmund , had their advice been taken ; for a treacherous friend is more dangerous than an open enemy . this stratagem failing , the danes raised their camp in the dead of night , and marched with all speed towards london , which city continued loyal to king edmund during his life . the king the next morning having notice of the danes departure followed with all his host to prevent the spoil , and by his swift marches , so terrified the danes , that they altered the purpose they had to besiege the city , and the king entered it in triumph . and two days after having refreshed his army , resolved to follow his advantage , and thereupon marching to branford , where the danes were encamped , he gave them a great overthrow ; which edrick perceiving , and fearing the danes would be forced to leave the land , he advised king edmund to make a truce with them , using so many arguments that he prevailed with the king , even when he had them all at his mercy , and therefore leaving london , he retired into the west . the danes no sooner perceived themselves free from danger , but they fell to plundering and burning as fearfully as ever , which caused the king again to advance , and entering kent with his army , near unto oateford , he gave them battel , which continued doubtful and bloody for the space of four hours . when the danes vauntgard giving back , their horse upon the right advanced , yet fell soon into disorder , and retiring amongst the foot put them to the rout , so that they were slain on all hands , leaving above four thousand dead on the place ; when of the english there died not above six hundred , and here had not the traitour edrick stopped the english in pursuit of their enemy , by laying before them the danger of an ambush , the danes had never more been able to have made head. but by this means they had leisure to pass into essex , and send for recruits from beyond the seas , and then began to tyrannize as much as ever , which caused king edmund to enter essex with his army flushed with many victories , and at ashdon three miles from saffron-walden , gave them battel , which was fiercely maintained on either side for many hours , till in the end the danes began to recoil , which edrick perceiving , drew off his party , and fell to the enemy , by which means they became victorious : so that there died of the english nobility , dukes , alfred , godwin , athelword , athelwin , and earl urchin , together with cadnoth bishop of london , and woolsey abbot of ramsey , with many other of the clergy that were come thither to pray for the success of the army against the pagan danes , the remembrance of which overthrow is retained unto this day . king edmund thus betrayed was forced to retire from the field on foot , and with the remainder of his army marched to glocester , whereupon london submitted to the conquerors , as likewise did all the places of strength adjacent . yet such was the love of the english to their king , that they from all parts resorted to him , and earnest to regain the late dishonour , though at the utmost hazard , soon recruited his army , and came on to meet the danes , who swell'd with success were advancing northward and at dearburs near unto the river severn met , where both armies were set in battel array ; when just as the bloody blast was about to be sounded , a captain stepped between the hosts , and desired to be heard , which being granted , he thus began . many battles ( said he ) have been fought , and many streams of blood already shed for the sovereignty of this land between these two valiant nations , and the courage of the generals , captains and soldiers sufficiently tried , wherein fortune her self seemeth to have been conquered ; for if at any time a battel was won , it was not long kept , neither the conquered so weakned , but that he retained both courage and power to turn the scale . what is the mark then you aim at ? is it honour and fame ? titles indeed that attend on war ; but seldom long enjoyed , or rarely fall to the lot of the common soldiers , at the price of whose blood they are for the most part purchased . let him therefore that would wear the crown hazard himself to avoid the slaughter of many men , and by single combate try who is most worthy to command , and who to obey , or divide betwixt them the kingdom , which is large enough to maintain two , having heretofore maintained seven reigning kings . this proposal was imbraced by king edmund as the best expedient to put an end to a hazardous and doubtful war ; as likewise by canute king of the danes , who by mutual consent went into an island called alney , standing in the severn , adjoyning unto the city of glocester , where both being strong of body they fought like lions , one to secure his kingdom , the other to gain it . but in the end , the dane being wounded , he intreated a parly , which edmund granted , and then with a loud voice thus proceeded ; what necessity should thus move us , most heroick king , that for the obtaining of a title , we should thus indanger our lives ? is it not better to lay malice aside , and condescend to an amicable agreement ? let us now therefore become sworn friends , and divide the kingdom between us , and in such a league of friendship , that each may use the others part as his own , so shall this land be peaceably governed , and we mutually assist each others necessity . this speech ended , both the kings cast down their swords , and imbraced each other , upon which great shouts arose in either army , who before stood doubtful of the success , and this accord being ratified , the kingdom was divided by lot ; and that part bordering on the coast of france fell to king edmund , who howsoever enjoyed it not long , for in this treaty the offence of duke edrick was included , and upon his submission he taken into favour by the good king , and so continued as it were glutted with the favour and princely bounty of two kings , till at last resolving to perfect his many treasons begun , he watched his opportunity as king edmund was alone in the draught-house evacuating , and having placed himself beneath , with a sharp spear he run it up into the kings belly , that he there died ; then coming up , he traiterously and inhumanely cut off his head , and escaping with it undiscovered to canute the danish king , and presenting it to him with these fawning salutations : all hail thou now sole monarch of england ; for here behold the head of thy co-partner , which for thy sake i have adventured to cut off . canute though ambitious enough of the soveraignty , yet of princely disposition , abashed , and sore grieved at so unworthy and disloyal an attempt , replied with an oath , that in reward of that service the bringers head should be advanced above all the peers of his kingdom ; which high honour whilst the traiterous wretch greedily expected ( and indeed for a time found some favour ) his head by the kings command was smitten off , and fixed upon a pole on the highest gate of the city of london , as he most justly deserved : his wife and children were banished ; and great was the rejoycing throughout england at the death of this prodigious regicide , and betrayer of his country . king edmunds body was buried at glasten-bury near to his father king edgar ; he was of person tall , for courage hardy , strong of limbs , and well could indure the inconveniencies of war ; for which some think he had his additional name of ironside ; with him at that time fell the glory of the english , he leaving but one son , viz. edward , who was sir-named the out-law , by reason all the reign of canute he lived in hungary , and there married the queens sister , not returning into england till the reign of his uncle king edward the confessor . thus fell this good king , and thus heavens vengeance overtook the traitour , whose miserable end in some sort made an atonement for the innocent blood shed by wicked hands ; as likewise for the death of sigefreth and morcar , king edmunds queens former husband and brother , who were murthered at oxford by the contrivance of edrick . chap. ii. the historical relation of the deposing and barbarous murther of edward the second , commonly called edward of carnarvan , king of england , lord of ireland and duke of aquitaine , and the forty eighth monarch of england ; with the manner of gods vengeance upon those that were guilty of shedding his blood. edward the second of that name since the conquest , was son to edward the first , ( the terror of syria , and dread of scotland ) and his wife queen elenor , born on the 25 of april , 1284. at carnarvan in north-wales , and after the death of lewellin ap griffith ; in regard of the place of his nativity , he was with the general consent of the welch created prince of wales , which title has ever since devolved upon the heir apparent to the crown of england : this edward being the first who had that dignity conferred on him , and his father dying , he was crowned with great applause in the 23. year of his age : then having setled the affairs of scotland , he passed over to bulloin , and there in great state was married to isabel daughter to philip the fair , king of france , and returned with his bride , not passing twelve years of age in great triumph , when as taking into his favour one pierre gaviston ( whom his father had banished , but himself intirely loved ; ) many of the nobility were displeased , though the king made no great account of such their displeasure : this gaviston was a stranger by birth , born in gascoigne ; but a gentleman in all respects , being in his younger years brought up with the king , during his being prince of wales , and now made earl of cornwel ; yet so prevailed the enviers of his rise , that they procured a decree for his perpetual banishment out of england : but the kings love still following him , he was made governour of ireland , and within a while revoaked ; and in his return met by the king at flint-castle in north-wales ; and there had bestowed on him to wife joan of acres countess of glocester , the kings sisters daughter . yet so far prevailed the discontented lords , that a third time they procured his banishment , but beyond the seas his life being often put in hazard by the procurement of his enemies ; as some suppose by the kings secret sending for he returned within six months , to the great trouble of the queen and her party , who by this time began to disaffect her husband , and joyn with the lords against gaviston . whereupon first seeming to petition for a redress of grievances , they after took up arms , of which the earls , lancaster , warwick and hereford were chief , and within a while the earl of warwick at a place called blacklow ( afterwards gavenshead ) having surprized gavinston cut off his head , to the high displeasure of the king ; who at that time was not capable of hindering it , yet excessive was the grief and displeasure he conceived ; so that the lords thought it not safe to lay down their arms till they had reconciled themselves to the king , which was done by the mediation of gilbert earl of glocester , and several prelates who travel'd therein . yet not so firm but the king continued a secret displeasure against the chief actors , but his melancholy was diverted by the queens being delivered of her first son at windsor , who succeeded him by the name of edward the third , as shall hereafter be related . the scots upon notice of this intestine broil grew haughty , and under the command of robert their king , not only put many affronts upon the english , who so long before had lorded it over that nation , but made several inroads into the northern parts , which caused king edward to draw together a great power , composed as well of foreign nations as of english , and marched against them . but several of the disaffected lords , under pretence that the king had not ratified the promised liberties and priviledges , refused to assist him ; so that for want of good conduct , though the english exceeded the scots in number , yet coming to a battel at banocksbourn near streveling , the english were overthrown more by stratagem than plain force , for the scots having digged pits , and set up sharp stakes in them , cover'd them over with earth and hurdles ; so that the english horse charging furiously , their weight broke the hurdles , and there goring on the stakes became useless , being in that manner killed on all sides by scottish archers , who let fly at them as thick as hail . upon this discomfiture , the king was resolved to die in the field , and much perswasions were used to induce him to save himself by retiring . in this battel fell the earl of glocester , and the lord clifford , and about 700. knights and esquires , and as modes accountans relates , 6000. common soldiers , though the scotch historian will have it 15000. the king being retired to york , resolved to raise a new army to revenge this dishonour , but such was the perverseness of his nobility that it came to nothing ; yet the scots heightned with this success attempting to win ireland were overthrown , and edward brother to king robert , who had caused himself to be crowned king slain . and now the king having lost his privado or second self , to whom he might open the cabinet of his thoughts , to supply the room of gavistone , began to settle his affections on hugh d' spencer lord chamberlain , and so doated on him , as likewise on his son for his sake , that all things moved by their advice , which more inraged the discontented lords than the actions of gavistone had done ; especially when they perceived two to spring up in the room of one . yet so far the lords prevailed , that they procured their banishment ; but not long , for the earl of lancaster and the lords of his faction taking up arms , the king was resolved to maintain his regal authority , though with the loss of his life : and therefore marched against them , who now upon some distaste given , were deprived of the queens mediation , and thereupon commandment was given for the reversion of the sentence against the spencers , which was performed at london by the arch-bishop of canterbury and his suffragan : and now the king having increased his power , followed hard upon the lords , and caused lancaster to draw off his army from burton upon trent , and march towards burrowbridges , when in the way several of the lords of his faction left him , and threw themselves upon the kings mercy , amongst whom was the traitour mortimer . lancaster with his retinue being arrived at burrow-bridges , was there stopped by andrew d' hackerly captain of carlile , and simon ward captain of york , who had gathered great forces in those parts , and there after some parly , he and the lords of his faction surrendred themselves : when three days after the king came with all his forces , and erected a court of justice , where the earl of lancaster , and most of the lords and barons that were taken being sentenced as traitours , were shortly after executed , besides a number of the meaner sort , though contrary to the kings own inclination , as many suppose by his afterwards bewailing the death of his near kinsman the earl of lancaster . things being at this pass , the queen began to conceive high displeasure at the proceedings of the spencers , who had prevailed with the king to abridge her allowance ; whereupon she complained that she was rather kept as a waiting woman , than a queen or heir of france ; and at that time charles the fifth king of france seeking occasion of quarrel against the english , took this advantage , and secretly dealt with the queen to obtain leave to come to his court , and to bring with her prince edward her son , which she effected , and at the same time the lord mortimer having corrupted his keepers , or as some will have it , by giving them a sleepy potion , got out of the tower and fled into france : where upon the queens arrival , he became of her cabinet council , and otherwise more familiar than either became her honour , or his duty , as in place convenient will appear . these things happening , and great differences arising between the two nations , queen isabel taking the advantage , solicited her husband that she might go over to mediate and reconcile the business , which request of hers was seconded by the lord spencer , who perswaded the king from going over to secure his possessions in normandy in person , upon no other account then that he was afraid to stay behind him . upon this intercession of the spencers , the king consents to the queens desire , and all things were prepared to transport her ; where indeed upon her arrival , she so sar prevailed with her brother , that matters of debate ceased , upon condition that king edward should give to his son the dutchy of aquitaine , and earldom of pontine , which was accorded to , and the prince sent over to do homage to his uncle for them , though to the utter undoing of the king his father ; for now the plot began , which in the end dispossessed him of his crown and life , though coloured under a pretence of ruining the spencers ; which specious pretext drew many who would otherwise have been unwilling to have ●ngaged . the prince having payed his homage to charles d' volois king of france , was together with queen isabel , his mother , sent for back , but the conspiracy not yet having taken root , she made many trivial excuses to delay time , which walter stapleton bishop of exeter , who attended on the prince perceiving , and having had some knowledge of the frequent councils that were held , and seeing the kings enemies in such favour with the queen , amongst whom mortimer was chief , he as in duty bound , secretly returned and advertised the king of the imminent danger ; who thereupon solicited ( though to no purpose ) the king of france to send over his wife and son. whereupon he unadvisedly caused them to be proclaimed enemies to the kingdom , and banished them with all their adherents : which discovery and sentence of banishment so nettled the queen and her accomplices , that after some feigned submission , she resolved by open force to enter the land , and thereupon without the consent of her husband , or the peers of england , she affianced her son prince edward to the lady philippa daughter to the earl of hanault , and with the money of her portion , levied soldiers in germany and other places . upon notice of these proceedings , the king thought it time to strengthen himself , and therefore set forth his navy , which scouring the narrow seas , brought in a hundred and twenty french prizes ; as likewise he fortified the sea-ports , and put garisons into the places that stood most advantagious to hinder the landing of a foreign army . yet the queen and her confederates put to sea , her whole power not exceeding 3000 of all nations , and two days before st. michaels day , landed at orwel in suffolk , the force being commanded by the lord john , brother to the earl of hanault . the news of their arrival coming to the kings ear , he seemed like one amazed , and at first would not credit the report ; but upon his being further certified , he sent to the citizens of london for aid , who answered that they would honour with all submission the king , queen and prince , but resolved to shut their gates against strangers , and to withstand them to their power ; this answer bearing no favourable construction to the king , he committed the charge of the tower , and in it his other son commonly called john of eltham , in the custody of sir john d' weston , and retired with his favorites the spencers , baldock , and others into the west , to gather forces against the queen and her accomplices , having first proclaimed them traitours , and offered the reward of 1000 pounds to any that could take the young lord mortimer dead or alive : and by this his unadvised abandoning his chief strengths , he gave the queens party opportunity to strengthen themselves , several lords and others daily coming to their assistance , and the better to terrify the kings partakers , and to colour the treason , it was rumour'd that the french king had sent with his sister so many dukes , earls and lords , that england would not suffice to feed them , and that the pope had sent to excommunicate all the kings partakers ; for which purpose two cardinals had been sent over , and credibly reported to have been seen in the queens camp , though all was but fictitious ; and further to ingratiate with the people , she caused it to be proclaimed , that her coming was only to remove evil councillors from the king ( the same pretences that were used by our late forty one parliament ) though roger lord mortimer was the man that chiefly councilled all the mischief ; then were the kings favorites branded with the names of traitors and enemies to the nation , and 1000 pounds bid to any that could bring the younger spencers head. and thereupon the londoners rise in a tumultuous manner , and commit many outrages , cutting off the bishop of exceters head , as likewise the head of john le marchel , whom the king had appointed to govern , the city . they likewise broke open the prisons , and set all prisoners at liberty , got into their possession the tower , and taking thence the lord john of eltham , proclaimed him custos or chief governour of the city ; and the queen likewise to strengthen her faction , caused most of the prisons in england to be set open , and repealed such as had been banished ; so that thereby her power greatly increasing , she , or rather the lord mortimer , followed the king , who destitute of friends still fled before his pursuers , who besieged bristol , and therein took the elder spencer , whom without any form of trial they cut up alive , having first exposed him to the fury of the people , upon notice of which the king entered on ship-board , and intended to fly for ireland , but upon further consideration came ashore in wales , and there for the love the welshmen bore him , was concealed for many days in the abby of neath ; but the queen and her accomplices coming to hereford , after prince edward was proclaimed high keeper of england , henry earl of lancaster , brother to the late earl of lancaster , sir william delazouch , and others who had lands in those parts where the king absconded , were sent in quest of him , with sums of money to facilitate the discovery ; who in the end surprised him , together with the young lord spencer , robert baldock lord chancellor , and simon de reading , whom without any respect to the person of the king , they conveyed to monmouth , and from thence was the king carried to kenelworth castle , and there committed to the keeping of the earl of leicester , but the rest to hereford ; where without any form of trial was put to death the lord spencer , being hanged on a gallows fifty foot high , and robert baldock committed to the keeping of the bishop of hereford , who sent him up to london , and exposed him to the fury of the rabble , who though a bishop , was used by them in such a barbarous manner , only for being true to his soveraign , that within a short time after he died ; the earl of arundel and two other gentlemen of note were put to death to pleasure mortimer , and now the mournful king divested of all his friends , being at kenelworth , there repaired to him the bishops of winchester , hereford and lincoln , two earls , two abbots , four barons and three knights from every county , with two of the judges as from the parliament , which the queen had called at london to perswade him to a resignation of his crown to his son edward , and so many devices they had heaped together , that in the end having first given private notice to the king of their approach , and the cause , they came to kenelworth , and presented themselves before the king , who clad in black sutable to his mournful condition , came out of an inward chamber , when in the head of the company set in order according to their qualities , the earl of leicester and bishop of hereford began to declare the message with which they were charged by the body of the kingdom , as they termed the then sitting parliament , alledging that the common-wealth of england was weary of his government , and conceived such irreconcileable dislike of his management of kingly affairs , that they would by no means permit him longer to reign over them , but were contented that his eldest son prince edward should succeed him in his throne , if he would make a voluntary resignation ; if not they would proceed to elect another not of his blood , &c. the sound of this mournful message struck so to the kings heart , that e're any could prevent it he fell to the ground , and lay stretched in a swoon a considerable time e're life could be perceived , or he recovered to his senses : but in the end recovering , he with many heavy sighs bewailed his infortunate condition , and began to parly with his vassals , but found them inflexible , persisting in threatning sort , to tell him , that unless he would freely resign his diadem to his son , and disclaim all right-to the crown , they would return his answer , and that immediately thereupon the parliament would proceed to the election of another , not of his race . these menaces made the distressed king ( who now was fallen low in the opinion of his subjects through the false insinuation of the factious lords ) to consent to their hard proposals , confessing that for his many sins god had permitted these calamities to fall upon him , but seeing they had not rejected his race , he was content to submit . whereupon they proceeded to the new invented and never before practised ceremony of dekinging their sovereign , which in this manner was performed by sir william trussel , one of the judges , who found out a law quirk to colour the detestable treason as followeth . i william trussel , in the name of all men of the land of england , and of all the parliament , procurator , resign to thee edward , the homage that was made to thee some time , and from this time forward , i defie thee , and deprive thee of all royal dignity , and i shall never be tendant to thee as for king hereafter . this ceremony or rather compact of treason being utter'd , sir thomas blunt steward of the houshold broke his staff , and proclaimed the kings houshold discharged from any further service ; and then leaving the king divested of regal authority , and under strong confinement , they posted to london to tell the news , which was joyfully received , especially by roger lord mortimer of wigmore ; though the queen the better to colour the treason , seemed much disturbed at the relation of the kings deposing . now the next business was to set the crown upon young edwards head , whom by reason of his minority they thought to rule as themselves thought fit ; who notwithstanding his being but fifteen years of age , utterly refused to admit of the ceremony , till he was assured it was with his fathers free consent : but at last submitting to the perswasions of the queen and mortimer , he was crowned , and proclamation put out in his name , to satisfie the minds of people , touching the free concession of his father . things being at this pass , the queen began to think of securing her self a dowry , which she did so large , that it amounted to two parts of the revenues of the crown , which she delivered to the disposal of mortimer , at whose command she solely was , even as fame reported , both at bed and board ; but their security being interrupted by the pitty many seemed to have for the miseries of the deposed king , they well knowing if he were again restored to his dignity , it would prove their confusion ; therefore laying aside all remorse , they entered into a conspiracy to make sure of him for ever by murther . whereupon removing him from kenelworth , and out of the custody of the earl of lancaster , who they thought too much favored him ; he was delivered into the custody of sir thomas de gournay , and sir john mattravers , two bloody sycophants , who conveyed him to corfe castle , from thence to bristol , and then to berkly castle , where after many barbarous and vile usages , they murthered him ; the manner according to holinshead thus : the kings death being resolved on , mortimer procured adam de forleton to write this doubtful but most wicked sophism , and to be sealed with the queens seal . edvardum occidere nolite timere bonum est . to shed king edward's blood refuse to fear i count it good . where the comma being put after nolite , bids them not to make him away , but placed after timere expresly commands it ; in performing which execrable villany these monsters were not slow , and the better to colour the regicide , lest any outward appearance of violence should be observed they by force bind the good king , and ( o barbarous inhumanity ) putting a horn into his fundament to keep the outward part from seering , they thrust a hot iron through it , and therewith twisted his bowels to pieces , not once only , but often repeated the cruel torture , the which how painful may be guessed by the pittiful out-cries the king made whilst they were putting him to death , which cries were heard by many , but none durst venture to relieve him . after this foul and barbarous murther committed , it was blazed abroad that he died of grief , and thereupon they publickly exposed his body to the prelates , and others for several days ; but in a short time the murther , which is seldom hid came to light , and the actors known , though the queen and mortimer deeply dissembled the matter , and to outward appearance seemed greatly afflicted . upon the discovery gorney and mattravers fled , the former of which was taken at massels in france , where he produced the queen and mortimers seals for what he had done ; whereupon secret orders were sent for beheading him on ship-board in his way for england , lest had he come to a trial , he should have made a full discovery of the chief conspirator ; as for the latter he wandered about miserably in forreign countries , and at last died miserably in italy , being eat up with ulcers : and gods vengeance found out these monsters of men , nor was it slow in punishing most deservedly roger lord mortimer , the chief contriver of the wicked parricide , who having attained to the height of his ambition ; for he together with the queen being at his castle of nottingham one evening ( upon a bruite that his mother was with child by mortimer ) the king with a well affected company having entered a vault that went into the castle , passed on till he came into the chamber where the queen was in bed , and mortimer undressing himself to go to her , and so secure they were , that they had left open the chamber door , whereupon the king caused him to be seized , which was not so easily done , but two or three were killed in the attempt ; for mortimer had at that time a retinue of fourscore knights and gentlemen attending him ; but in spite of resistance he was carried off : and within a while after condemned ( in parliament ) for being accessary to the murther of the late king , betraying the nation , and wasting the coin ; as also for committing adultery with the queen : whereupon he was soon after drawn to tiburn then called the elms , and there hanged , where by the commandment of the king , he continued hanging for two days , being pittied of none ; nor did he fall alone , for with him were executed sir simon de bedford , and john deverel esq both concerned in king edwards murther , and thus heavens vengeance aim'd sure and overwhelmed in the height of their pride and security , these monsters of men that durst by cruel tortures , shed the blood of their anointed soveraign . chap. iii. the birth , remarkable passages , deposing and murthering of richard the second , king of england , france , and lord of ireland , the fiftieth monarch of england ; with the manner of the conspiracies against , and vengeance that overtook many of the regicides . richard the second was son to the black prince , and grandson to king edward the third , being crowned in the eleventh year of his age , at the first entry upon his kingdom all things promised him a peaceable and prosperous reign ; but it continued not long so , for by reason of the ill conduct of affairs in his minority , john duke of lancaster ruling all , who was in hatred with the commons , great numbers of the rabble rose in many counties under the conduct of their factious leaders , upon pretence of redressing grievances , the common cloak of rebellion ; the principal commanders being wat tyler and jack straw , two mechanicks , who committed many outrages , as burning , plundering and murthering in most places where they came , and were so far sided with by the city of london , that they entered it without opposition , and took the tower wherein the king was , and were designed to murther him , had not providence prevented it , by his condescending to what they demanded , though never so unreasonable , and granting a pardon to all for what offences soever had been committed , upon which a great part acknowledged the kings concessions satisfactory , and so returned home ; yet their grand captains keep their armies on foot , and still drew up unreasonable petitions , such as they knew the king could not with honour grant ; and hereupon they took a pretence of doing more mischief , intending to have divided the kingdom amongst mechanicks , every county to have had a king of the commons , as they termed it : but e're they could bring their rebellious purpose to perfection it it was prevented , for sir william walworth then lord mayor of london being with the king at a treaty with wat tyler , and hearing the traitor speak irreverently of his soveraign , and offering to murther one of the kings knights , for not shewing him such respect as he required , he with his drawn sword arrested him as a traitor in west-smithfield , and he refusing to yield , some lords coming in he was killed , and had his head cut off and carried on a spear out of the mouth of which he had before impiously protested that all the laws of england should proceed . at the fall of their grand captain the rebels were much grieved , and being near twenty thousand strong , resolved upon revenge ; but the young king spurring forward , told them , that he was , and would be their captain , and that whatsoever they desired , if it were lawful , they should have , which appeased and caused many of them to throw down their arms ; and in the mean space the lord mayor having raised 1000 citizens , and brought them to confront the rebels under his own conduct , that of sir robert knowles and others , whereupon the rebels totally submitted to the king upon promise of pardon . whereupon the king sent to all his loving subjects throughout england , who were able to provide horse and arms to attend him on black-heath , where they were mustered to the number of 40000 all on horseback , and well appointed , and now the rebels in kent , essex , and other counties beginning again to raise tumults , were dispersed by force , and many of the principal incendiaries put to death , so that the nation was reduced to its former obedience and quiet ; so that the king began to think of marriage , which anno 1382. in the month of january , he effected with the lady anne , daughter to the emperour charles the fourth , and sister to winceslaus king of bohemia , and she crown'd by william courtney son to the earl of devonshire , and bishop of canterbury : upon which through the negotiation of the duke of lancaster , a truce was concluded between the french and english from christmas till midsummer ; and the said duke upon his return dispatched with an army to revenge the injuries the scots had put upon the english during the intestine broils , but returned without effecting any thing memorable , and upon his return he was accused by a carmelite friar , and by birth an irish-man to have conspired the kings death ; to the truth of which , the friar swore upon the sacrament , but the dukes interest in the king and his council , so overpowered the testimony of the friar , that it was not believed ; but on the contrary the evidencer delivered over to the lord john holland , who caused him cruelly to be put to death without trial or form of law , and afterwards dragged through the streets ; when at the same time the lord thomas of woodstock afterwards made duke of glocester , rushed into the presence chamber , swearing that he would kill any man alive , the king not excepted , that durst lay treason to his brothers charge ; which rash words were afterwards excused upon pretence of his zeal to his brothers honour , though at the same time his duty to his soveraign ought to have overballanced the other ; but the duke of lancaster's credit growing great with the court lords , the king was forced to oblige him , not knowing how to help it ; and therefore seeing him grow obstinate , he the rather wished to be rid of him , which he thought he could no better do than by furnishing him a navy , and an army to invade castile , which kingdom he claimed in the right of his wife constance , daughter to the late king : where arriving , he obtained several places of strength , worsting the spaniards every where : when in the mean while the french under their young king , resolving to revenge old injuries , prepared an army of 100000. men to invade england , supposing it weakned by the remoteness of the duke of lancaster's army ; but such was gods providence , that although they were imbarqued , and several times attempted to put to sea , yet were they still driven back , and detained by contrary winds , even at such a time when the discontents amongst the nobility made way for their conquest ; for the king supposing himself rid at least for a time of his uncle , the turbulent duke of lancaster , found his second uncle thomas duke of glocester no less troublesome , who with the lords of his faction continually opposed the kings proceedings , even to the weakning the kingdom , denying in parliament to grant him either men or money , even when the french army was daily expected to land , upon pretence that he had undeservedly created michael del● pole , lord chancellour , duke of suffolk , and robert d' vere duke of dublin in ireland , not being willing any should be advanced , but of his own faction , which caused a poet , both learnedly and fellingly to sing , or rather weep his countries misery in the doleful strains . i sing the civil wars , tumultuous broils , and bloody factions of a mighty land ; whose people haughty ; proud with foreign spoils , upon themselves now turn their conquering hand ; whilst kin their kin , brother his brother foils , like ensigns all against like ensigns band ; bows against bows , a crown against a crown , whilst all pretending right , all right threw down . the nation which had been formerly troubled with the insurrection of the plebeans , was again troubled by the faction of the peers , who stuck not to demand the removal and banishment of all such as were near and dear unto the king , under pretence of evil councillours : when indeed their distast for the most part was founded upon private animosities , which when they perceived they could not effect by fair means , they retired into the several counties where their lands were , and where they were most popular , and there raised such forces as they could get ; which in a short time in conjunction , made an army of forty thousand men , though in time of eminent danger , they pretended no forces considerable could be levyed . with these forces they march towards london , with an intent to force the king to accord to what they should propose , although at that time dela pole , the duke of ireland , and archbishop of york , the persons against whom they chiefly objected , were banished the kings presence : the lords that raised these stirs were thomas duke of glocester , the earls of warwick , derby , nottingham and arundel ; yet upon the mediation of some prelates the matter was so ordered , that the lords were content to present themselves to the king sitting in state at westminster , but so far from trusting his royal word , that they came strongly guarded , and coming into his presence fell on their knees ; yet after the former strain , repeated their former demands , throwing down their gloves , protesting to prove them traitours by combate , whom they had so named ; yet the king in a sharp reply made them sensible how little he feared their braves , but in the end referred the further determination of matters to the next parliament , which shortly after held at westminster : and in the mean while bid them be content and mindful of their allegiance , yet they refused to separate themselves , but withdrawing into the west near burford , set upon a party of cheshire and welshmen , commanded by sir thomas molenaux and others , and by the kings special order raised to conduct safe to court the duke of ireland , whom the king had secretly recalled from banishment , and after a hot dispute slew sir thomas and most of his men , the duke hardly escaping ; then increasing their number they marched towards london , whose approach caused the king to betake himself to the tower , and the citizens through fear to open their gates , so that the lords and the greatest part of their host entered as it were in triumph , and after some messengers had passed between the king and them , they found means to come to his presence , and there boldly taxed him of secretly practising to fly with the duke of ireland into france , and to deliver up calais and other places in normandy to the french king , with many other unbeseeming expressions , which , either through real grief , or a noble disdain to be so used by his subjects , caused the king to shed tears even in their sight , and at last it was agreed , that the king should the next day come to westminster ; but the next day the king deferring his repair longer than the time appointed , the lords contrary to their allegiance sent him word , that if he came not speedily according to appointment , they would chuse them another king , who both would and should obey the council of his peers , they having him present whom they intended to have invested with the diadem , viz. henry earl of derby , son to the duke of lancaster , who afterward dethroned him , as shall be related . the king having received this threatning message , though much against his inclination , went to westminster where the lords were assembled , where they forced him not only to disclaim the duke of ireland , divest the lord chancellour , but likewise turn out of favour alexander nevil arch-bishop of york , the bishops of durham and chichester , the lord souches and beaumont , with many more of smaller account ; so that having stripped him of his friends , they thought the easier to rule him , and afterward committed as many of them as they could lay hands on prisoners to the tower , to answer such accusations as should be objected against them in the next parliament , which beginning the candlemas following : the first day of the sessions , most of the judges were arrested as they were sitting upon the bench , and committed to the tower ; the crime alleadged against them was , that at nottingham they having given council to the lords , which they assured them was according to law , had afterwards assured the king that it was not according to law , but only they had been obliged to give such opinions for their own security : but trisillian escaped for a while by flight , being taken in the morning was brought before the parliament , and having no longer respite than till the afternoon , was carried to tyburn , and there according to sentence had his throat cut ; an unmanly death to be inflicted on a lord chief justice : there were likewise executed almost all the judges , and about five knights and esquires , most of the kings especial favorites , nor could the king stay this execution ; but e're this mischief spread further , 't was allayed by the arrival of the duke of lancaster , who had obtained a great sum of money , and a yearly revenue of the king of spain , to quit his claim to the crown of castile and leon , and that the lord henry his son marrying the lady catharine that kings daughter , should have the title of prince of austria with several other advantageous matters , and upon his arrival king richard , whether again to buy his absence is uncertain , bestowed upon him the dutchy of aquitain confirming it in parliament , and putting into his possession the cap of maintenance and ducal rod , at which time his son henry earl of derby , went for prussia , and there ingaged himself in the war against the lithuanian , where he atchieved many noble deeds in chivalry ; but soon after died the dutchess of lancaster , dutchess of york , dutchess of derby , and what was more grievous to the king , his queen whom he intirely loved , all dying almost in a years space ; whereupon the duke of lancaster went over to take possession of his dutchy , and then upon complaint of the out-cries committed by the wild irish , passed into ireland with an army to suppress them , and upon his return into france , he was married to the lady isabel that kings daughter , and thereupon a peace concluded between the two nations for the space of thirty years : and now the duke of ireland being dead , the discontents of the lords seemed somewhat abated , yet not long , for the restless duke of glocester still contriving to secure his steerage at helme by over-awing the king , put so many affronts upon him , that he often complained thereof to his uncles the dukes of lancaster and york , who perswaded the king of his good intent , though his words might seem harsh , but within a while after a combination of the said duke , with the earls of arundel and warwick , the lords cobham and chevy , being discovered by thomas mobray earl of nottingham , wherein they had conspired to imprison the king and his uncles lancaster and york ; as likewise to put to death many of his councellours ; upon which they were arrested , and the duke sent prisoner to calais , where afterward he was smothered with a pillow , and here only the earl of arundel beheaded . these executions wrought some alteration in the minds of the people , whose darling the duke of glocester was , so that they greatly maligned his prosecutors , and some vowed secretly to revenge ; but to salve up these discontents , especially amongst the great ones , the king in the next parliament took upon himself the title of prince of chester , created his cousin henry earl of derby duke of hereford , the earl of nottingham duke of norfolk , the earl of rutland duke of amaurle , the earl of kent duke of surry , the earl of huntington duke of exceter , the earl of sommerset marquess of dorset , the lord spencer duke of glocester , &c. and added to his escutcheons the armories of st. edward the confessor , sometime king of england . these proceedings for a time made fair weather , but not long ; for a feud arising between henry duke of hereford and thomas duke of glocester , the latter accused the former of speaking several words to the dishonour of the king , that king richard held the peers of england in no esteem , but as much as in him lay , sought to destroy them by banishing some , and putting others to death : that he never troubled his mind with considering how his dominions were diminished through his carelesness , and lastly , that all things went to wrack as well in peace as war. upon this it was ordered that the accuser and the accused should try the matter by combate , the latter stoutly denying he ever said any such words as were objected against him , so that gages being delivered on both sides , they entered the lists , but e're they encountered , the king threw down his warder , and upon further consideration banished norfolk for his life , and hereford at first for ten years , which after he reduced to six , which some alleadged was a just judgment on the former , for being instrumental in putting the duke of glocester to death , he being then captain of calais . but now ruin and desolation being at hand , portents forerun it , all the bay-trees in england suddenly withered , and within a while sprung out again fresh , near bedford , the river between the villages of harleswood and swelston where it is deepest , drove back on either hand , and for three miles left its channel dry , with sundry other remarkable presages of what after happened . to give way to which the king upon notice of his cousin the lord mortimer's being slain by the irish of leinster , who were up in arms under their leader obrian , he resolved to pass over in person to revenge his death ; and therefore to furnish his expedition , he raised many of all hands , and at the same time his uncle the duke of lancaster dying , he seized on his inheritance without regard to his son the duke of hereford who remained in exile , which the said duke hearing , was so throughly netled , that not resolving to wait the expiration of his banishment , he taking the advantage of king richard's absence resolves for england , having upon notice of his fathers decease taken upon him the title of duke of lancaster , and only accompanied with the banished bishop of canterbury and about twenty others , when having taken ship , he for some time lay hovering on the coast , to understand how the people stood affected to him , and the better to give his agents on shore time to work them to his purpose ; but upon notice that his faction was strong , he landed only under pretence of recovering his rightful inheritance , when as there repaired to him the earl of northumberland , and his son the lord henry , his son the lord nevil earl of westmorland and others , as likewise a great number of the country people offering him their service , so that within a short time he had formed a puissant army , the news of which soon alarumed edmund duke of york the kings uncle , who calling to his assistance edmund stafford bishop of chichester , lord chancellour , lord treasurer , earl of wiltshire , bushy , bagot , green , russel , and other knights of the kings council to consult about raising forces to impeach the dukes passage ; but their consultation came to nothing , the dukes faction having so dealt with the common people , that they every where refused to take up arms against him : whereupon sir john bushy lord treasurer , and sir henry green betake themselves to bristol castle , but it being stormed by the lancastrians , their heads became a sacrifice to popular fury , but bagot taking ship , sailed over to ireland to acquaint the king with what had happened , who thereupon making such peace as he could with the irish he hastens over ; but before his arrival , the dukes faction was swelled to such a torrent , that there was no opposing it . whereupon the king having cashiered his army , or they for the most part deserting him , he retired to the castle of conway in north-wales , whither upon notice of his being there resorted to him , the arch-bishop of canterbury and earl of northumberland , where after a long parly the king perceiving no other conditions could be gained , required that he and eight more whom he would name might have honourable allowance with the assurance of a quiet private life ; that he in consideration thereof would make a resignation of his crown ; which demand northumberland swore should be observed , and thereupon the king accompanied them to the castle of flint , whither the duke was come with a part of his army , and from thence after a short conference they removed to chester , where the king in consideration of many fair promises never performed , put himself into the dukes hands , who conveyed him to london , and there made sure of him in the tower , whither several of the lancastrian faction daily resorted to him to parly about the surrender of his crown , which at last he consented to do ( seeing no other remedy ) to his cousin the duke of lancaster , and at the same time taking off his signet , he put it on the dukes finger ; and at the same time there being a parliament called in king richard's name , the arch-bishop of york , and bishop of hereford were appointed his procurators to declare what he had done , nor was this sufficient for to make him odious to the people , they exhibited thirty two articles against him very scandalous and reproachful : whereupon commissioners were nominated by the consent of the houses to pronounce the sentence of deposition , who were the bishop of asaph , the abbot of glastenbury , the duke of glocester , the lord berkly , and william thyrring chief justice of the common-pleas , the form thus . in the name of god , we john bishop of st. asaph , john abbot of glastenbury , &c. commissioners specially chosen by the lords spiritual of the realm of england , and commons of the said realm representing all the states of the said realm , sitting in place of judgment , do renounce all fealty to richard of burdeaux , and him depose from all kingly dignity , &c. upon which the duke of lancaster rising from his seat , crossed himself , and then layed claim to the crown , in these words : in the name of god amen , i henry of lancaster , claim the realm of england and crown , with all the appurtenances , as coming by the blood royal from king henry , and by that justice , which god of his grace hath sent me by the help of my kinsfolks and friends for the recovery of the said realm , which was in point of perdition , through default of government and breach of laws . this said , he was conducted by the arch-bishops of canterbury and york to the royal throne , and there seated , and from thenceforth all writs and process issued out in his name , richard in the mean space remaining a prisoner in the tower , and every day in danger of his life , which was often aimed at , the more firmly , to establish his successour in his throne , who sat uneasie whilst deposed majesty was breathing , who though in an abject condition , yet wanted not those who were contriving to readvance him to his throne ; yet he to render a better construction of his actions than indeed they would bear , not only published several proclamations , excusing what was done , but sent his ambassadours to the courts of neighbouring princes to give his reasons for taking upon him the crown of england , during the life of the rightful heir , and in parliament the better to ingratiate himself , passed an act for restoring the blood and estates of such as had either suffered , or were disinherited as traytors during the reign of king richard , yet gained he not so much love , but that a conspiracy , if so it may be termed , in so rightful a cause , was formed for restoring richard to his regal dignity : the chief contrivers of which were the dukes of exceter , surry and amaurle , the earls of huntington , kent , rutland , salisbury , and the lord spencer late earl of glocester , the bishop of carlile , sir bernard broukas , sir john shevele , the abbot of westminster , and john maudlin , the counterfeit king richard , a person who had been his chaplain , and much resembled him both in features and lineaments with several others , so that undertaking grew strong , but how to seize upon henry and his son they knew not , unless with a multitude , and that not to be raised without suspicion ; so that it was concluded that it should be performed in christmas holydays then at hand , under pretence of shows and pastime , but the morning before the evening it should have been put in practice , it was discovered to the king by the duke of amaurle as some report , yet so narrowly the king escaped , that he had scarce reached london before the earls of kent and salisbury not knowing their design was discovered entered the kings lodging at windsor with four hundred armed men , supposing to have surprized him there : but when they found the bird was flown , they were much grieved ; yet having dared thus far , they resolved to proceed yet further ; and thereupon to increase their number , gave out that king richard was at liberty , and in the midst of an army of 100000 men at pomfret , and that henry and his son were fled ; and then the better to confirm the belief of the people , maudlin the chaplain personated richard , but the device answered not their expectation ▪ for in the end most of the lords were taken and put to death , as likewise maudlin the counterfeit richard , the whole number that at that time fell a sacrifice to richard's cause , were 19. thus his friends being put to death , his turn came next , for jealous henry could not imagine himself safe whilst richard remained still in the hearts of his subjects ; therefore many councils were held how to be rid of him , so that at last it was concluded that he should be conveyed from the tower to pomfret castle , and committed to the hands of bloody ruffians , who that he might die a death the least discernable , as our historians of most credit relate , was there starved to death with cold and hunger , being kept with insufferable torments fifteen days e're he died ; and as some say , the more to aggravate his torments , he had victuals daily set before him , but was not suffered to touch it , or at most but so small a quantity , as rathe● lingered out his misery than was any ways advantageous , a death so cruel , that even the barbarous nations detest to inflict upon the worst of malefactors , and much more on a king anointed , and viceroy of heaven , for no other fault than what he was prompted to by others , who worked upon his tender nature , being a king in himself disposed to mercy . after he was dead , his body was brought up to london , and in st. pauls exposed to the view of the people , and the better to colour so great an iniquity , it was caused to be rumoured , that upon notice of the execution of his friends he had pined away with grief , but that he was starved to death , agree stow , walsingham , harding and other historians of account , though some there be that affirm he was slain by sir piers exton after he had in resisting slain several of his knights , but if he had been brained , or mortally wounded , certain it is that he would never have been exposed to the view of the people , nor could he have been put to death without henries consent , but inquiry would have been made into the cause of his death . therefore o henry , if thou wert author , or at least but privy to so execrable a murther , though for thine own pretended safety , and for that errors cause , which is erroneously miscalled a reason of state thou art altogether inexcusable , and surely he is not a man that hears of the infamishment of this king , and feels not a chilling horrour , and conceives not detestation of such a bloody barbarity ; but heaven was not slow in revenging the fall of this king , for what was the reign of his successour but a continual trouble what insurrections , rebellions , losses at sea , plagues , tempests , fearful prodigies , and all that can make a nation miserable famine excepted did not happen ? how many plots and conspiracies were layed against his life by those that had advanced him to the regal dignity ? what fears and jealousies stuck as thorns in his crown , and made ever uneasie , what executions of the nobility happened during his reign , even of those especially who had been instrumental in deposing richard , and no doubt counselling his death ? so that the english earth never drank more noble blood in so short a time , he reigning but 13. y. 6. m. 3. d. and left issue prince henry afterwards king , thomas duke of clarence slain at beaufort without issue , john duke of bedford who died without issue , and humfry duke of glocester who was murthered in his bed at bury , and two daughters blaunch and philip : now as for his eldest son henry the fifth , after his glorious atchievements in france , he died in the flower of his age , not without suspicion of poyson , and henry the sixth , son to king henry the fifth , and grandson to henry the fourth , and prince edward his son , and great grand-child to the fourth henry , were murthered by that monster of mankind the duke of glocester , afterwards reigning by the name of richard the third : and thus we may see how sacred kings lives ought to be held , when such tragedies revenge their fall . king richard after he had been exposed to view for several days , ( and the rueful spectacle moved many to compassionate his death ) was conveyed to langly in hartfordshire , and there obscurely buried , though king henry the fifth caused those royal remains to be removed to westminster , and there interred amongst his ancestors . thus fell this unhappy king without issue , and thus his fall was revenged , and now leaving him to slumber in his grave ; we shall proceed to the next tragedy , which as it falls next in course , is that of pious king henry the sixth . chap. iv. the barbarous murther of henry the sixth , king of england , france , and lord of ireland , the three and fiftieth monarch of england , with the particular marks of gods vengeance upon the shedders of innocent royal blood ; together with the policies and contrivances that were used to bring about the barbarous regicide . henry the sixth was son to henry the fifth , and grand-child to henry the fourth , his mother was katharine daughter to king charles the sixth of france , upon him the crown devolved in his infancy , his father dying when he was about seven months old , and he crowned at eight ; yet his warlike father having time in his sickness , made his last will and testament , constituting his brother the duke of glocester protector of england during his sons minority , and his other brother the earl of bedford regent , and to the duke of exceter committed he the care of young henry , though to be nurtured and brought up by the queen . matters being thus settled , the king dies of a burning feaver at bois d' vincenois in france , and for a time all things were calm , especially in england , though they continued not long so , for although no diligence was wanting in the dukes regents , yet the kings minority gave way to many exorbitancies as well amongst the vulgar as the nobility , and france desirous of gaining her former liberty , continually struggled with the conquerour , the active dauphin still assailing the strengths of the english , as he found advantage offer , so that many places were lost by being taken , or by revolt , yet the couragious duke of bedford the kings uncle , having received a supply of fresh forces out of england , recovered many of them , but he in the heat of those troubles dying at roan , the english but weakly maintained their footing in france , and within a while after , the faction amongst the nobles increasing , the duke of glocester protector of england , and the kings other uncle , through the procurement of queen margaret wife to king henry , was arrested in parliament by john lord beaumont high constable of england , and committed to the custody of the dukes of buckingham , somerset and others , when within a while after he was found dead , as they pretended of an apoplexy , though those who enquired more diligently into the matter , found by apparent symptoms that he was made away , yet the death of so great a prince was hushed , though it proved fatal to the king and kingdom : for in the death of these two brothers , the two strongest twisted cords in the cable of government were snapped in sunder ; whereupon it proved too weak to anchor the ship riding in so fierce a torrent ; for now the ambitious duke of york cousin to the king , having made strong his faction , began to shew himself openly , laying claim to the crown whilst the king was yet alive , drawing to his part a number of the discontented nobility , who envied the duke of somerset , a man true and just to his country , and one whom the king highly favoured , but that not being like to bring his designs to perfection , taking example by king henry the fourth , he resolves to make himself popular , and within a while so dealt by his agents with the mobile that they rose in many counties in great numbers , threatning like a deluge all before them with ruin and desolation , and from the counties adjacent under the leading of jack cade that audacious rebel , they mustered about london ; and quartered in the suburbs , ruining and plundering many stately houses , nor did churches scape their sacrilegious hands . the chief of these rebels were drawn out of kent , and their petition , or rather peremptory demand after they had made incredible spoil was , 1. that richard duke of york then in ireland , as likewise several others of his faction , whom they named should be called home , and be admitted chief councillours , and have power to manage the principal affairs of the kingdom . 2. that the duke of glocester was falsly proclaimed a traitour , and therefore they demanded that the authors might be punished . by this we may see who incouraged them to those unnatural insurrections ; they had likewise a third article , but it only contained scandalous reflections on the duke of suffolk , but these traiterous demands being denied , and their articles rejected , they raged worse than before : whereupon sir humfry stafford drawing together such forces as he could get , incountered them at seven-oaks , whither they were retired , but was unfortunately slain , and his party routed by cade the principal rebel who disarmed him , and put on his armour , which ill became such a villain . after this they again advanced towards london , and some of the factious citizens , though contrary to the will of the magistrates favoring them , they enter the city and make great spoil on the houses of such as they imagined to favour the duke of suffolk , or indeed the king , which caused the lord mayor to assemble the loyal citizens , and consult what was best to be done , who agreed that when cade was withdrawn , as soon after happened , they should shut the gates against him , and defend the city for the king , which they effected , and kept him out , though not without the effusion of blood on either side , but he being put to the foil , his companions grew faint hearted , so that upon the coming forth of the kings proclamation to assure them of pardon , upon condition they would deposite their arms , they deserted him , and then a thousand marks being offered to any that could take cade dead or alive ; he within a short time was killed at hothfield by one alexander eden a kentish gentleman , and his head being brought up to london , was set upon london bridge ; as likewise twenty six more of his accomplices who had been excluded the charter of pardon , being taken , received the reward of their treason . the news of these intestine tumults flying into ireland , and coming to the dukes ear , who meant nothing less than the deposing of innocent henry , lest his faction should be weakned by his absence , he posts over , leaving the affairs of the kingdom with which he had been intrusted in a tottering condition , and upon his arrival without the kings leave or liking committed prisoners to the castle of ludlow , john sutton , lord dudly , reynold abbot of st. peters at glastenbury , all of them the kings friends , and afterwards ( having resolved upon deposing the king ) he takes up arms under pretence of removing evil councillors from about the kings person almost the original pretence of every rebellion , though the undertakers aim at nothing less then the king himself , and the chief person he objects against the only man that kept him from his wicked purposes was edmund duke of somerset , and many grievous accusations the better to colour the business , are made against him , but the chief insisted on was the loss of normandy during his regency , though it evidently appeared that the duke of york himself by fomenting a division amongst the great ones , had given the french opportunity to recover it . the king seeing himself in danger , resolves to oppose the torrent , and therefore arms , and with a strong power marcheth towards wales , in whose marches the duke resided with his forces , of which the duke having notice , and understanding the kings power was such , that he was no ways able to oppose them , upon his feigned submission he so wrought upon the good nature of this pious and peaceful king that a peace was concluded ; and after some heats and accusations had passed between the dukes of york and somerset ; the former was swore to be true to the king , and never more take up arms , but regarded his oath no longer than it served for his purpose , for joyning with the earls of warwick , salisbury , and others of the faction , he again takes arms , and marches towards london , and to oppose him the king does the like , both armies meeting at st. albans a dreadful fight began , which for a long time lasted doubtful , but at last the earl of warwick with his battalian breaking through a garden , fell in so furiously , that the kings party were put to the rout , six hundred slain , and amongst them the duke of somerset , earl of northumberland , stafford , lord clifford , and others of note . here the king received a slight wound in the neck with an arrow , and was taken prisoner , though at the same time the lords of the faction pretended abundance of respect , leading him to london , and there procured a parliament to be called in his name , where they caused an act of indemnity to be passed , and all things to be so ordered , that they render their faction pleasing to the multitude , and now nothing remained but to depose the king , and deprive him of life , but this they feared to do till their insinuations had spread wider , and that they had got prince edward his son into their hands , for the king notwithstanding this adversity , was extreamly beloved for his singular piety and meekness ; nor did this suffice , for in this parliament the duke of york got himself made protector of england , and its appurtenances , ( a thing never heard of before , unless in the nonage of a king ) but his insolencies were such , by imprisoning and deposing the kings best friends , that he was soon divested of that power at the instance of the queen , and several noble lords well-wishers to the king. these intestine broils incited the french and scots to molest the sea-port towns and ways , the remote parts of england , upon news of which the king the better to revenge those injuries , called an assembly of the peers at london , whither the duke of york , earls of warwick and salisbury , were summoned under the kings privy seal , and accordingly came , but finding things not for their purpose , they feigned a plot against their lives , and so retired to their several castles , and places of strength without leave taken , and there gathering forces upon a second summons came in hostile manner ; yet the good natured king so labored that a reconciliation , or at least a seeming one on the part of the yorkists , was the result of that meeting ; but it continued not so long , for upon a quarrel between one of the kings servants , and one of the earl of warwicks , all was again in a combustion ; for the earl of warwick upon that occasion being assaulted , flies to calais , and there maintains himself by piracy , utterly disowning the king supream lord of that place , but being not long satisfied there , he sails over to the assistance of the duke of york , and earl of salisbury , who again had taken up arms , and encamped near ludlow , bringing with him one captain andrew trolop , and a stout band of calesians , whom all along he had perswaded that they were to fight in the kings quarrel , but they finding it otherwise upon the kings approach , expressed their loyalty by forsaking the yorkists , and coming over to the king , who good natured prince , received them with all convenient expressions of kindness and royal favour ; and trolop their captain being privy to all the plots and designs of the yorkists faction ; the kings enemies disperse , the duke of york , with the earl of rutland his youngest son into ireland , the earl of march his eldest son and heir , together with the earls of warwick and salisbury , with much difficulty escape to calais , which place had king henry timely fortified , he had driven them all to great extremity ; yet the parliament proceeded to proclaim them and their abetters , traitours , and to attaint them of high treason , disabling them or their heirs of ever inheriting their titles or possessions , which made them again prepare to invade england by stealth in their wonted hypocrisy ( the better to win the multitude to side with them ) with deepest oaths , protesting they only sought the good and welfare of king henry , and the removal of evil councillors sending many writings abroad fraight with dissimulations to that purpose , which wrought them much favour , so that landing in kent , and swearing to be true to king henry , especially the earl of warwick who swore it upon the cross of the cathedral of canterbury , they came forward to london still increasing in number , which caused the king and queen being no ways confident of the citizens , to remove to northampton , whither the earls of march and warwick hasted , and notwithstanding their many fair pretences gave the king battel , overthrew his army , and taking him prisoner , brought him as it were in triumph to london , and although they held him prisoner , yet continued their dissembled kindness towards him , with many feigned expressions of obedience and loyalty . upon news of this success , the duke of york hasts from dublin in ireland , and pulling off the mask he had so long vailed his design with , layed claim in the parliament then sitting to the crown , breaking open the kings lodgings , and possessing himself thereof ; but the parliament not approving his rashness , he drew up his pedigree , in which he proposed himself to be the rightful heir , which was likewise opposed with many forcible arguments , yet so powerful was his faction , that he prevailed to be proclaimed heir apparent , and again to enjoy the title of protector of england , with a grant that henry the sixth should reign only during his natural life , and that then the crown should devolve on him and his heirs , as descended of the masculine line from edward the third ; but at this time the queen being in the north , gathering forces to release her husband , would by no means consent to this agreement , which caused york to advance in order to oppose her , but her forces consisting of near 18000 , and his a far less number , he contrary to the advice of his council , resolving to give battel before his son the earl of march could joyn him , the battel was fought at wakefield , and therein himself , the lord harington , sir thomas nevil son to the earl of salisbury , and almost all his soldiers were slain ; so severe is the almighty in punishing perjury , and disloyalty to him and his vice-gerents , kings anointed ; the earl of salisbury was taken prisoner and beheaded , and his head with the dukes fixed upon york gates ; upon this the queen and her army came to london , and released the king by the overthrow of warwick at st. albans , restoring him to his power and majesty , but rested not long e're the earl of march , eldest son to the duke of york advanced with a puissant army , and the earl of warwick having escaped the fight joyned with him , which news made the king and queen retire into the north , to provide against the threatning storm , whereupon edward earl of m●rch , without any controul advanced and entered london , fearful of a sack , and there by threats and perswasions prevailed with the unstable multitude to give their assents for his being crowned king , which ceremony ended , though against all law and right he drew forth his army , and advanced against the king , who had gathered great forces which were in chief by the duke of somerset , earl of northumberland , and lord clifford , both armies consisting of 112000. the greatest army of english that ever england saw , who upon the charge being sounded , began the fight with great fury near ferry-bridge , which continued ten hours , and was lost on the kings side by the overhastiness of the northern archers , who spent all their arrows at a distance , as not being able to discern the enemy ; by reason the snow that then fell was driven full in their eyes : the nobility that died on the kings side , were the lords scales , willowby , beaumont , wells , grey , dacres , fitz hugh buckingham and clifford , the two bastards of exceter , of knights and esquires a great number , and in all on both parts the slain were computed 35091. a slaughter ▪ the like not known in england since the conquest . upon this fatal overthrow king henry hs son the prince , and several great lords escaped into scotland , where they were kindly received , and a marriage proposed between the young prince , and the lady margaret the scotch king's daughter , upon which queen margaret passed into france , to negotiate her husbands affairs with the french king for new supplies . in the mean while edward is crowned at westminster , and a parliament called , wherein king henry , and prince edward his son are disinherited of the crown and all regal authority , upon news of which queen margaret returns to scotland , having obtained a considerable supply of men from her father duke reynold , duke of anjoy , king of naples , jerusalem and sicily ; having suffered much by storm from scotland , she passed into england , together with her husband and such scotch forces , as that king assisted her with , and took several castles in northumberland , several loyal english daily resorting to the royal standard , which proceeding greatly alarumed edward , so that constituting the lord montacute his lieutenant general , he furnished him with an army , with which he gave battel to king henry's forces near unto hexham where the yorkists prevailed , and king henry is obliged again to fly into scotland , from whence some time after coming into england in disguise , he was taken prisoner by thomas talbot in cletherworth in lancashire , and from thence brought to ▪ london , with his legs bound under the horses belly , ( so little respect had those varlets , into whose hands he fell to afflicted majesty ) and upon his arrival committed prisoner to the tower. edward having king henry in safe custody , began to give himself over to sports and daliances , and above all to bethink himself of a wife , upon which several were proposed , as the lady margaret , sister to king james of scotland , the lady elizabeth sister and heir apparent to henry king of castile , the lady bona daughter to the duke of savoy , and sister to the french queen , of which the latter being thought the fittest match ; the earl of warwick was sent over to negotiate the affair , and proceeded so well , that he procured a free consent of the french king , queen , and the lady her self ; when in the mean while edward had cast his eyes upon elizabeth grey widdow to sir john grey slain in the quarrel of king henry at st. albans , and notwithstanding all the perswasions of the dutchess of york his mother , married her , and made her queen , which warwick taking as a grievous affront put upon him , from that moment alienated his affections from edward , and consulted how to restore king henry to his crown and dignity , in order to which , he first consults his two brothers , george nevil arch-bishop of york , and john nevil marquess of montacute , the former of which soon consented , but the latter proposed many delays , whereupon the politick earl the better to bring his designs about , resolves to bring to his lurd george duke of clarence , edwards second brother ( whom he knew to be discontented with his brothers rule ) and so effectually wrought with soliciting , that he soon found him pliable , and ready to espouse his interest ; whereupon the more to secure him , he proposed to him his eldest daughter in marriage , with the one half of his wives inheritance , which was afterwards consummated at calais , and in the mean while by the countenance of the earl , many commotions were raised in england to countenance which , and to dispossess edward of his usurped crown , ( to say no worse ) the duke and earl prepared for england , having first espoused his second daughter to prince edward , son to king henry , and then arriving a great conflux of people , hasted to his banner , so well known and dreaded in england , being the white bear and ragged staff , to oppose which torrent e're it grew greater edward hastened , and at woolvy four miles from warwick , where the duke and the earls host lay , pitched his tents , and bid the earl battel , who undaunted spirit brooked no such bravado advance and both armies stood imbattled expecting the dreadful blast , but it so happened , that the fight was delayed , and both armies retire , as if a peace would undoubtedly insue , but crafty warwick had other designs on foot ; for within a while after he surprized edward in the midst of his army , and took him prisoner , committing him to the custody of the archbishop of york , from whom he soon after escaped , which greatly perplexed the earl ; yet he so ordered the matter , as not to seem in the least to regard it . edward upon his escape fled to london , and the duke and earl continuing in their station , levied great forces , but upon the mediation of the nobility , it was so ordered that the duke and earl came to edward upon his letters of safe conduct , but edward taxing them with disloyalty , and they him with ingratitude , nothing was done but both departed , edward to canterbury , and the other returned to warwick , and from thence sent their agents into lincolnshire , where they dealt with the commons to take up arms under the leading of sir robert wells , son to the lord wells ; but he in revenge of his fathers death ( whom edward had basely beheaded contrary to his promise ) rashly ingaged edwards power before warwick could come to his aid , and by that means lost the day and his own life ; upon notice of which overthrow , the duke and earl betook themselves again to calais , of which place the latter was captain , but were denied entrance by vawclere his lieutenant , and thereupon went to the french court , where they were kindly received , and within a while returning into england , gathered so huge an army , that edward was forced to fly the land , and his queen to take sanctuary ; whereupon king henry was again restored to his regal dignity , and edward with all his adherents proclaimed traitors , and in parliament disinabled from inheriting the crown , and it again intailed on king henry , upon which heart-breaking news , edward procures forces from the duke of burgundia , who had married his sister , and under pretence of friendship enters england , pretending to no more than his dutchy of york , framing letters for his safe conduct under the seal of the earl of northumberland ; but he no sooner entered but surprized that city ; whereupon warwick and clarence prepare to drive him thence , but the latter was so wrought with under hand , that he revolted to edward , and endeavored to perswade warwick to do the like , who generously answered to the messenger , go tell your duke that i had rather be an earl , and always like my self , than a false and perjured duke , and that e're my oath shall be falsified ( as his apparently is ) i will lay down my life at my enemies foot , which i doubt not but shall be bought very dear , and thereupon marched towards london , when at st. albans he considered what was best to be done , and finding that the sword must decide it , he advanced , and at barnet both armies approached each other , where in the spacious field , the battle joyn'd on easter day with such fury , that the like had not been known , and continued doubtful for a long time , when as the day being overcast with mist hindering the soldiers sight , warwicks battalian took the stars imbroidered upon the earl of oxford's mens coats for his son edwards body , whereupon they let fly upon their friends , which mistake caused the earl to leave the fight , his men crying treason , treason , we are all betrayed , which warwick perceiving , charged with fury upon the enemy , but entering too far was beaten down and slain , though not without performing wonders sutable to his great soul , who had been englands make-king for many years before , with him perished his brother the marquess of montacute , and a great number of smaller note , as likewise the loss of the battle on the side of the lancastrians . son after this overthrow , queen margaret and prince edward arrive at weymouth , and understanding the loss of the battle of barnet field , she went to ceerue abby , whither the lancastrian nobility that escaped the slaughter came to her , and with comfortable words , put her in hopes of better success , and immediately raised such forces as they could , and joyned them to those they queen had brought over from france , but loth she was that the prince her son should hazard himself in the battle , and urged sundry persons , but was over perswaded by the lords , whose preparations alarumed edward , so that gathering an army , he advanced towards them , resolving to hinder the increase of the queens power , having first committed king henry , and the archbishop of york to the tower , and at teuxbury both armies met , where after a hot encounter , by the treachery of the lord wenlock the battle went with edward , which treachery was rewarded with death , the duke of somerset the queens general beating his brains out with his battle-ax . in this battle of the lancastrian nobility , were slain john lord summert , john coventry earl of devonshire , the lord wenlock in manner aforesaid , several knights , and three thousand common soldiers , and on the other side not fewer . upon this defeat proclamation was made for the apprehending prince edward , who was soon taken by that unworthy knight sir robert crofts , and delivered to his most capital enemy , the duke of somerset , and others of quality having taken sanctuary , were haled thence and beheaded . prince edward not passing fourteen years of age , being brought before edward had assumed the soveraignty , he beheld him with a stern countenance , and demanded how he durst with banners displayed enter his realm ? to which the young prince with an undaunted courage replied , to recover my fathers kingdoms , and most rightful inheritance possessed by his father and grandfather , and immediately from him descending to me ; how darest thou then that art but his subject , take up arms against thy king ? this brave and generous answer , so touched king edward to the quick , that he unmanly with his gauntlet , smote him on the mouth , when at the same instant the more villanous duke of glocester , afterwards usurper of the crown by the name of richard the third , together with his wicked accomplices , stabbed the prince to death in edwards presence , monsters unworthy of the name of men , but heavens vengeance for this and other black crimes overtook the actors . the prince after his being murthered , was buried in the grey-fryars at tewksbury without any ceremony , and now queen margaret having taken sanctuary , was discovered and brought prisoner to the tower , where she continued till her father with a great ransome ( to raise which he was forced to sell most of his signeouries to the french king ) he redeemed her , and now king henry being prisoner , likewise , and the thorne that made edwards crown sit uneasie , he resolves to be rid of him , and therefore sent his brother , that crook-backed monster in the shape of a man , to dispatch him , who pretending to discourse about his releasment , stabbed the pious king to the heart , and eased him of this troublesome life , though perpetual horrour haunted the actor of this black deed to his grave . after this cruel murther committed on the pious king , his body was for many days exposed to the view of the people ever bleeding afresh , which raised at once pitty and detestation in the spectators , and then carried by water to chersie in surry . and thus fell this good king , though not unrevenged , for he lived to see the miserable ends of all such as had first broached the mutual war against him , viz. richard duke of york , the earls of salisbury and warwick , and afterward god was not slow to revenge his royal blood , for within a while the duke of clarence king edwards brother was attainted of treason , and privately put to death in the tower , as some say drowned in a butt of malmsey , king edward himself continually infested with troubles , through his unquiet reign , and people every where suffering through storms , pestilence , and losses by sea and land , after his decease his two sons murthered by their unnatural uncle the duke of glocester , and that monster himself after a short usurpation slain in bosworth field , as in the sequel shall more at large be shown , and thus i shall end with the death of this pious , though unfortunate king , who left no issue , his only son being murthered as is before recited . chap. v. the murther of edward the fifth , and his brother richard duke of york , by the means of their vncle the duke of glocester , his vsurpation and death , with various examples of gods vengeance upon those that were his assistants in the regicide . edward the fourth having ( though for the most part ) reigned twenty two years , one moneth and five days , deceased , leaving his nobility at variance , though at his death they were seemingly reconciled , and his two sons both young , and glocester protector of the realm , during edward the elders minority ; but he having before plotted the acquirement of the soveraignty , resolved to work the destruction of his nephews to his way to the throne , and therefore confederating with the duke of buckingham , and other lords of his faction , which with gifts and large promises he won to his lure : whereupon his first attempt was to accuse the lords of the queens blood , with many things thereby to render them odious in the eyes of the people , and therewith a strong guard went to meet the young king , who at his fathers death was at ludlow , under pretence of bringing him up to london to his coronation , when indeed he never intended he should wear the diadem , they having politickly perswaded the queen from setting any guard about her son , that so they might the easier work their purposes , and coming to northampton where the lord rivers , the queens brother , and the lord richard her son by sir john grey , lay , they with all seeming kindness received and imbraced them , and seemed to study nothing more than the advancement of the king , but glocester , buckingham and others of the faction having held a close consult most part of the night , the next morning they locked up the inn , setting a guard of their servants , whom they had privately sent for to secure it , and others to secure the way from northampton to stony stratford where the king lay , that none should pass to bear the news of what had happened , under a pretence only that they designed to be the first that would wait upon the king from that town , but earl rivers perceiving himself as it were a prisoner , and mistrusting some design against his person , went boldly to the dukes , who were in the same inn , and demanded the reason of such their proceedings , upon which they began to pick a quarrel with him , saying that he endeavoured to sow discord between the king and them to their utter confusion , should it take effect , but as he was about to excuse the false accusation they committed him to ward , and taking horse rode to stony stratford , where in the presence of the young king , they after a feigned salutation and submission , picked a quarrel with the lord grey , the kings other brother by the mothers side , saying that he the lord rivers and lord marquess had conspired their ruin , and that the marquess had taken the kings treasure out of the tower , and fitted out ships to sea ( which though they alledged as a crime against him , yet themselves knew it was done for the good of the nation , and with the consent of the council . these accusations the king excused , saying , as for his uncle and his brother present , he durst ingage they had done nor meant no ill , though the marquess being absent , he could not as yet tell what he might have done , but this availed not , for in the kings presence they arrested the lord richard , sir thomas vaughan , and sir richard hawit , and brought the king and all his train back to northampton , which unexpected news coming to the queens ear , she immediately with her second son the duke of york took sanctuary in westminster , and there in great heaviness attended the sequel , and there had the great seal delivered to her by the arch-bishop of york , which he afterward repenting , sent privately for it again . in the mean while gloucester used many arguments to perswade the king and those about him , that all should be well , and sent a dish of meat from his own table to earl rivers with comfortable , though dissembling words , but in the end , the lord rivers , the lord richard , sir thomas vaughan were sent to divers prisons , and in conclusion all beheaded at pomfret by the command of gloucester , without process of law. the next thing was to scandalize the queen , and to insinuate with the people , that the lord aforesaid intended to kill all of the blood royal , to which purpose they shewed several pieces of armour found in their carriages , saying it was designed for their destruction , which many of the more easie sort believed , though wise men knew , that if they had so intended , they would have had it on their backs , but at last the king was brought to london , and joyfully received by the lord mayor , aldermen , sheriffs , and chief citizens , and thereupon a council was called to consult of his coronation , in which gloucester so cunningly dissembled his intentions , th●t he was made protector of the kings person and realm , and so the lamb was committed to the keeping of the woolf , and thus having got the king safe in the tower , nothing remained but possessing himself of the young duke of york who was with the queen in sanctuary , the which ( though much contrary to the will of the queen ) he at last obtained , and upon first sight took him in his armes , and gave him a judas kiss . thus having secured himself of the male line of the house of york , he began to pull off the vizard that he so long had worn , and began to place and displace the kings attendants as he thought most advantagious for the carrying on of his design , to all which buckingham was privy , and it was resolved between them , that the protector should be king , and buckingham upon these following considerations , to assist him to grasp the crown to his utmost power , viz. that gloucesters only son should marry his daughter , and that when he had attained his desire , he should have quiet possession of the earldome of hereford with other immunities , and the better to carry on the designe , two counsels were appointed , one in the tower , and the other in bishopsgate-street , the latter of which was composed of the protectors own creatures , amongst whom was one catesby a lawyer , in whom the lord hastings lord chamberlaine put such c●nfidence , that he doubted not but from him to have frequent intelligence of all that passed , but he deceived his expectation , and instead of standing by him , gave council against his life , by incensing the protector , that whilst he lived he could not accomplish his design , which so netled the protector , that though he loved the lord chamberlain , yet rather than to be baulked in his purpose , he resolved , and the next day in counsel he found occasion to pick a quarrel with him upon pretence that the queen and shores wife ( the late kings concubine ) had bewitched him , the latter of which the lord chamberlaine for the great love he bore her , seeming to excuse , as indeed she was no ways guilty , the protector with a sign given , in a great rage gave notice to his men in harness that he had planted in the next room , who rushing in in great number , one struck at the lord stanley with a battle-axe , that had he not swiftly stooped under the table , had split his scull , but as it was , it grievously wounded him , then was the lord hastings arrested , and within an hour after beheaded on a logg in the tower , and all the other lords disposed of in safe custody for a time , and to excuse the fact , a proclamation was put forth , intimating that the lord stanley and lord hastings intended to have murthered the protector and duke of buckingham in counsel , but few or none believed it , and the better to colour his pretence of being bewitched by jane shore , he caused her house to be rifled , and her to do open pennance ▪ and the same day the lord chamberlaine was beheaded , the lords of the queens blood were beheaded at pomfret , not without his counsel and advice , little suspecting his life was of equal date with theirs . the protector having thus far proceeded , and resolving to go through stitch , procures edmund shore knight lord mayor of london to be of the counsel , that being privy to his design , he might work the city to his purpose ; as likewise procured the said shores brother a doctor in divinity , and one fryer pinker to preach his title , and insinuate him in their sermons into the hearts of the people , in which the former by such prodigious flattery and dissimulation proceeded , that being reviled and hated of all men , for very shame and anguish he shortly after died , the latter in the midst of his sermon so lost his voice , that he was forc'd to break off in the middle ; but this way not prevailing , ( though gloucester had ordered them to proclaim his mother an adulteress , and that his brother edward was unlawfully begotten . ) buckingham , together with tho mayor , recorder , and some of the aldermen , repaired to guild-hall , where the duke made a long harangue in praise of the protector , to all the citizens assembled , laying open the cruelties , lusts , and tyranny of king edward , vilifying his off-spring , and alleadging them unlawful , by arguing him lawfully married to the lady elizabeth lucy , though upon tryal no such thing appeared , the lady denying and disowning any such marriage . his tedious speech ended , he expected the loud applause of the people , that they should have cryed , king richard , king richard , but they rather stood amazed in deep silence , not so much as the murmur of a voice being heard , at which the duke was much perplexed , and signified as much to the mayor , who told him , he believed the people did not understand him aright , whereupon he again began to repeat what he had before declared , with additions more plain than what he had before delivered , which ended , some of his own men and of gloucesters retinue , as likewise several apprentices and loose fellows , who had thrust in amongst the citizens , cryed , king richard , king richard , and threw up their caps , whilst the citizens looked back as amazed at what they meant , but the duke taking hold of this opportunity , said , it was a joyful acclamation , and he rejoyced to see that all as one man had consented that the protector should be king , and therefore desired them that the next day they would accompany him to wait upon the protector to see if his grace would accept of the regal diadem , and in the mean while he would acquaint him with their good will towards him . in the morning the mayor , some of the aldermen , and several citizens , but more apprentices and serving-men , accompanied the duke to baynards castle , where the protector resided , and being entred the outward court , they sent in a message to the protector , to acquaint him that there were many eminent persons , as well nobility as citizens , had an important suit to his grace , and could impart it to no other , upon which he dissembles fear and unwillingness to speak with them , but after many earnest intreaties , he came into a gallery where they might behold him , and from whence he might speak to them , and then the duke of buckingham in the name of the rest , addressed himself in a speech , intimating , that it was the desire of all the nobility and commons of england , that he should take upon him the soveraignty of the kingdom of england and its apurtenances , which he made strange at , as if he had never known of any such design , and vehemently ( though with much dissimulation ) argued against it , till the duke of buckingham told him , that the nation was resolved to reject the line of edward , and therefore offered the crown first to him as right heir , and should be sorry his grace should refuse it , but if he did , they were resolutely bent to elect some nobleman king without his consent . to this the protector after some recollecting himself , as if he had been to study what to answer , said , he was sorry they should reject his brothers children , and not suffer them to rule , but since it was their pleasure , it was not in his power to oppose it , and therefore as next rightful heir he accepted of their kind offer , and would study to deserve their kindness , &c. after he had spoken what he thought convenient , the people shouted , king richard , king richard , ( that is the rabble ) but the graver citizens stood mute , and had various discourses amongst themselves what might be the sequel , yet we may well say here ended the young king edwards reign , which was rather an inter regnum which from his fathers death continued only two months and 16 days , and in that space he not crowned . richard by tyranny and usurpation having snatched the diadem , was crowned with all splendor , and caused a parliament to be called in his name ( such was the partial flattery of that age ) many acts were made which confirm'd him rightful heir , and to justifie his proceedings , but he siting uneasy in his usurped throne , whilst his nephews were alive , soon plotted the destruction of the royal infants , which heaven past doubt suffered , for the many unjust blood-sheads committed by their father ; nor was he long in finding a fit instrument for his hellish purpose , for having in vain tempted sir robert brakenbury to murther the innocents , he in his progress to gloucester , complained to one of his pages , saying , ah ▪ whom shall a man trust , those whom i have brought up my self ? those that i had thought most surely to serve me , even those fail me at my commandment , and will do nothing , to which his page ( well understanding his meaning ) replyed that there was one without that he durst ingage his life would perform his commands ( meaning one sir james terril ) which much rejoyced the usurper , who going into the pallace chamber , found sir james and sir thomas terril ( both brothers , though unlike in conditions ) in bed together , when calling up sir james , ( a varlet unworthy of knighthood ) he imparted the matter to him , who never bogled at the horrid villany , but in hopes of favour and advancement , consented to the impiety , and thereupon obtained the usurpers letter , to the lieutenant of the tower , to have all the keys delivered to him for one night , to perform his pleasure , which he accordingly received . but before i proceed to the tragedy , one thing is worthy of note in the young king , who hearing his uncle had taken upon him the regency , with a feeling grief , said to him that gave him notice thereof , alass , i would my vncle would let me enjoy my life yet , though i loose my kingdom and crown . but to return , this monster having got the power , displaced all the young kings servants , and left none about them but one black will , a bloody villain , and when the night of murther came , he appointed one miles forrest and john dighton , both fleshed in murthers from their youth , the latter of them his horse-keeper , to dispatch the king and his brother the duke of york , who coming in at midnight , smoothered them to death with pillows , laying upon them , till they felt by their stillness they were dead , and then laying their naked bodies upon the bed , called their wicked master to behold the dismal spectacle , who caused the bodies to be buried under the stairs , and a heap of stones to be layed on them , and then posted to tell the usurper what he had done , who rejoyced at the most execrable tragedy , yet ordered their bodies to be removed thence , which as the writers of most credit say , were wrapped up in lead , and put in a coffin full of holes , and thrown into the tower ditch ; others affirm , that they were thrown into a black deep in the mouth of the river of thames , but certain it is , they were never afterwards found , but low the just vengeance of heaven on their murtherers , and those that contributed to it ; first , the duke of buckingham taking up armes against the usurper whom he had raised , was discomfited , and flying to one banister who was his tennant , and had been his servant , a man whom himself had raised from nothing to high esteem , continued with him for a while in the disguise of a gardener , but proclamation coming forth , promising the reward of 1000 marks to any that could apprehend him , the false wretch ( though gods judgment was signal therein ) delivered him up , and within a few days after he was beheaded : forrest rotted piece-meal , and died in great torment : dighton lived miserably at calais dying in the streets ; and terril after he had confessed the murther , was beheaded for treason on tower-hill , in the reign of henry the seventh , the usurper during his short reign , which lasted but three years , was continually terrified with frightful visions of devils , that seemed to tear and hale him in pieces , his evil genius still haunting him , till at last he was slain in the battle of bosworth-field , and his body carryed naked before a horseman , being made a sport and scoffing to all that beheld it , and lay to publick view in leicester , and then obscurely buried ; and to conclude , his name grew so odious , that the white bore which was his device , was every where torn down , the executions during his reign were many ; the afflictions of the land by dearths and inundations excessive , so that few or none lamented his fall , who had murthered two kings , and two princes of the blood royal , their immediate heirs and successors . nor died king edward the sixth , that pious prince and phaenix of the world , without great suspition of being poysoned , for the earl of northumberland by his stratagems , and the assistance of the lords of his faction , having procured the death of the kings two uncles , the lord admiral , and lord protector , for the death of the last of which the king falling into a deep melancholy , and then sickening , he so dealt with him , as to disinherit his sisters , the lady mary and lady elizabeth , and to settle the crown by will upon his couzen the lady jane gray , daughter to the earl of suffolk , whom he had caused to be married to his 4 th son the lord guilford dudley , thereby to entail the crown to his posterity , and then ( as he thought ) to seal what he had done , he removed the kings phisitians , and set a woman who undertook to cure him , who either through ignorance , or rather as many imagine , to compleat the hellish purpose , brought him to that pass , that his phisitians being again called to him , durst not give their advice , but went away shaking their heads , with tears in their eyes , and shortly after that pattern of true piety and vertue left this life , when after his death his body was found swelled at a monstrous rate , and so diversly coloured , that most whispered it , that he was poysoned , as did many learned phisitians , but durst not speak their minds freely , yet northumberlands project lasted not , for himself , his son , and the pious and innocent lady jane , as likewise the duke of suffolk her father , all lost their heads in the reign of queen mary . nor did heavens justice seem slow upon the heads of those scotch monsters who slew their king , viz. james the fifth , stiling themselves the ministry of scotland , for the chief actor was burnt , together with all or most part of his family , by his house accidentally firing in the night , and others his wicked accomplices , who durst stretch out their hands against majesty , were forced to fly and die miserable exiles , whilst the land groaned under civil dissentions , famine , mortal sickness , and the like . but having proceeded thus far , i shall make a step over into france , and there take a view of the untimely ends , and barbarous murther of two of their late kings . chap. vi. a relation of the murther of henry the third , the french king , by james clement a jacobin , and how gods vengeance overtook the murtherer ; as likewise fell heavy upon the whole kingdom . king henry the third of france , third son to henry the second , after the death of his father and two brothers , francis and charles , ( in the latter of whose reign , by his special command , happened the bloody massacree of the protestants all over france ) succeeded to the crown of france , and was crowned with great solemnity , but sate not long in his throne e're the guises faction began to give him disturbance , and under combination of league against him , take up armes , whereupon many battles were fought , and what they most alleadged , was his favouring the protestants , and to such a height the duke of guise pushed the discontent , for the hate he bore to the hugonets , ( as the protestants were termed ) himself having been the perswader to the former massacres , that the king was forced in secret wise to fly paris , and for refuge , betake himself to his army , whereupon he sent for the king of navarre , ( afterwards king of france , whose tragedy we shall next relate ) to his assistance , who joyning forces , fought many battels with the leaguers , but finding them the more obstinate , and that the duke of guise sought to deprive him of his crown , it was so resented by some of the kings servants , that they set upon the duke in the castle of chartres , and forcing their entrance , killed him and his brother the cardinal , which was no doubt a signal judgment for the many thousand innocents that by his advice were massacred . upon this the leaguers prevailed with pope sixtus the fifth ( willing enough of himself ) to excommunicate the king , and every where excite his ruffians to assassinate him , promising for their encouragement great rewards on earth , and greater in heaven , but the king was still invironed with such trusty friends , that the popes hellish design was for a while frustrated , though no way that carryed the face of a probabillity was lest unattempted . the leaguers growing still more furious having made the duke of mayne , the duke of guise and others their head , therefore to nip them in the bud , the two kings advanced with their armys , and sate down before the great city of paris , the chief seat of the leaguers , and made sundry assaults , in order to win it , but did not so soon prevail , but that one of the popes hellish instruments , prevailed against the kings life , the manner thus . one james clement a jacob in monk , having been tampered withall and moulded in private , to enterprize so great a wickedness , he in the assembly of his convent , declares his resolution to kill the king , for which resolution he is carressed , called , saviour of his country , applauded and promised mountains in this world , if he overlived the act , and if he miscarry to be assured of saintship to pass immediately to heaven , without calling at purgatory , to have shrines and altars erected in memorial of the ( as they wickedly and falsly termed it ) pious , religious and holy undertaking , which so transported the novice , that he thought himself already capering above the clouds , and thought every moment a day till he had put his wicked design in practice , wherefore , either to make him the more venterous , or that themselves did think it more expedient , they carryed him to the high-altar , prayed over him , ( o wickedness beyond degree ) that god would strengthen his arm to give a sure blow , and thereupon delivered him a dagger , wrapped up in the relict of a saint , as they called it , and the better to compleat the impostor , added to all their wickedness , by dipping the point of it in consecrated wine of the sacrament , and then dismissed him with what they called blessings , but indeed such monstrous impiety , that to the everlasting infamy of the romish-church let it stand recorded . this deceived wretch full fraught as he imagined with honour in this world , and happiness in the other , arrives at the kings camp at st. clou , and pretended an embassy from the leaguers to the king , which he was charged to deliver to no person but himself , and so by feigned pretences , had admittance , when putting his hand into his sleeve , as though he would draw out a letter , with the before mentioned dagger smote him in the belly ; the king wrested the dagger from him wounded him on the head , which strugling , made such a noise , that the guards coming hastily in , and seeing the king wounded , stayed not to inquire into the manner , but with their swords cut the miserable wretch to pieces , and sent him by that means to his propper place , from whence not all the papal authority , nor masses of a thousand years can deliver him . the next morning the king died of his wounds , leaving the king of navarr his kingdom and army , who succeeded him by the name of henry the fourth , and soon after avenged the death of his predecessor , by beseiging paris the chief residence of the leaguers , who greatly rejoyced for the death of the king , reduced it to such extremity by famine , no filthy thing was left uneaten , and yet 6 or 7000 dyed with hunger and pestilence . the pope hearing of the kings death , much applauded the murtherer , caused his statute to be set up , and gave him a red letter in the callender , saying , he was worthy of praise , for he stabbed not the picture of a king , but the king of france , in the mid'st of his army , and the best word he could afford the king was a favourer of hereticks , and an unfortunate prince , but his joy lasted not long , for he soon after died miserably , and thus much for the fall of this great king. chap. vii . the relation of the murther of king henry the fourth of france , commonly called henry the great , by francis ravillack , what prodigies fore-run it , and the vniversallity of the conspiracy , with gods vengeance on the barbarous actors and contrivers , &c. henry the iv. son to anthony of burb●on , by his wife the only daughter , and heir of henry d' albert , king of navarr , after his grandfather , father and mothers decease , injoyed that kingdom , and as you have heard , being next prince of the blood , he was rightful king of france , after the decease of henry the iii. and carryed on the war against the leaguers , till he had obtained the absolute soveraignty , joyning both kingdoms . many were the plots layed against his life , as that massacre in paris , whither he resorted to solemnize his marriage with margaret sister to king charles the ix . where amongst other slaughters of his dearest friends , it was debated whither he and the young prince of conde should be murthered , and carryed on the contrary , only by the perswasions of one duke , yet the next morning they were brought forth into an outward court , where whole piles of dead lay , and put to their choice by the king , either to chuse death or the mass , ( they being both protestants ) of which at that time they thought it convenient to chuse the latter , but soon found means to escape , and renounce those errors ; another attempt was made against his life after the reduction of paris at melun , by one peter barrier a souldier , who was hired to have stabbed him , at the advantage of his passing a corner , but being detected , had his hand first burnt , holding the knife with which the execution was intended in it , the mean while and afterwards had his flesh pulled off with hot pincers ; a third open attempt was by one john castle a merchants son in paris , and a pupill of the jesuits own bringing up , and past doubt instructing , he not being above 18 years of age , thrust himself into the kings presence , and being about to strike him into the belly was prevented by the kings stooping to return a salute to one of his nobles , yet it struck him through the lip and struck one of his teeth out , whereupon the party was apprehended , and confessed the fact , glorying in what he had done , and maintained he ought to do it , and that he should offer up a sacrifice acceptable to god , by taking out of the world a prince relapsed ; and excommunicated , not did he seem much to regard his torments , when his hand was burnt , his flesh plucked off with hot pincers , and lastly as he justly deserved had his limbs torn off with wild horses , which making it plainly appear that his patrons the jesuits had perswaded him to that wickedness , and promised him salvation for his reward , whereupon his father was banished , his house demollished , and a piramid set in his place ; and secondly by a decree of parliament the whole society of jesuits were expelled out of france , but by their shews of piety and sincerity , so wrought with the kings favorites , and they with him on their behalf , that that decree was repealed , and they again restored to the destruction of the kings life , as most imagine . the next that attempted his life was one that was or at least pretended himself a natural , who finding opportunity run at him with a knife , whereupon the guard would have killed him , but the king forbid it , and he ( being asked the reason ) said , he was king of all the world , and that henry kept france from him , whereupon the king out of meer compassion ordered him to be released . and now france flourishing under this great and glorious prince , whose good conduct had reduced it to so happy an estate , that the like for some ages past had not been , he thought to have rested , but such was the implacable mallice of his adversaries , that they watched all opportunities to deprive him of life , to whom next heaven they owed their happyness , nor did they desist till they had brought about their wicked purposes , the manner and opportunity given thus . the king having married mary d' medicis daughter to frances , and neice to fardinand dukes of florence , upon the divorce of margaret , sister to the three late kings of france , she was impatient till she was installed , and although the king had other purposes of more urgency which required his leaving of paris , yet was he prevailed with to stay , though many things prognosticated ill events , as the raining blood in divers places , monsters-born , earthquakes , and airy fantoms happening and appearing , and several predictions that the king should not out-live that year , that he should dye in paris , a suddain and violent death , and in his coach , the which he ( though he was not over credulous on such occasions ) began to hearken to it , and was heard to say that he must be gone from that city or his enemies would kill him ; nay , so sure were they of his destruction , that a month before his being assassinated papers were found printed in spain and italy that he was dead , and eight days before a courrier passed through leige , saying , he went to give the princes of germany notice of his death . the villain incited to be the executioner , ( with large promises of earthly treasure and joys everlasting ) hardens himself to perpetrate the execrable wickedness , having lingered about paris a long time for that purpose , he being an ill down lookt rascal who had formerly quitted his order , and became a solicitor of ecclesiastical affairs , the day after the instalment , the king intending to leave paris , the next day the king going in his coach from the louvre to the arsenal , and to see all things provided for the queens entrance , having in the coach with him the dukes of espernon and monthason , the marshals of lavardine , rocquelavar , la force , mirebeau , and lian cour chief esquires , when entering iron-mongers street , through the narrow passage by st. innocents church , a cart laden with wine was overthrown , as most imagine , for the purpose , which caused the coach to stop , and whilst his guard of partizans passed through the church-yard , this villain ( who had all the while followed the coach ) set one foot against the stall and the other upon the spoke of the wheel , and with a long knife struck the king into the breast beneath the heart , at which the king cryed i am wounded , yet the hellhound redoubled his force with a second blow , which struck him to the heart , of which he dyed , without fetching so much as a sigh , and again a third stroke which the duke d' monthazon received on his sleeve , and although it was supposed the murtherer might have escaped , yet so heightened was he in his wickedness , that he never stirred from the place , neither hid his bloody knife , but rather gloried in what he had done , and being taken ; he was adjudged by the chamber of the assemblies to be drawn to the grave with four horses , and to have the flesh pulled off from his arms , breasts , and thighs with burning pincers , and then torn to peices , which sentence was put in execution , without his testifying the least emotion of grief or fear , for such strange torments , so that it was evident that he had been made believe that paricid was merritorious , and that if he dyed , he dye a martyr , being inchanted with a false assurance of great things , though for his horrid treason and barbarous assassination he met with his just reward . all france at the death of this king were amazed and in tears , unless his enemies who secretly rejoyced , thinking to gain their purposes , but were deceived most of them , being wasted and destroyed in the wars that were in the minority of his children ; and thus fell this great king , yet e're i conclude , one thing is remarkable , when he was opened , the jesuits got his heart , which they so long had desired , and carryed it to their church de la fleck , under pretence of burying it there , his body was buryed in st. dennis , whither a little before the body of his prodecessor henry the iii. had been brought from the church of st. cornillie . and leaving france , i shall return to england , there to give the reader a sight of one of the blackest trajedies that ever the world has known , a murther without president or parrallel , even the murther of the sacred martyr charles the first , of ever blessed memory , which take as followeth , to the eternal infamy of the regicids . chap. viii . the dismal relation of the most inhuman and barbarous murther of charles the first , king of great brittain , france and ireland , and of gods extraordinary judgments , and speedy vengeance on the monsterous regicides and principal agents and abettors in his most deplorable death . king charles the first of ever blessed memory , son to the renowned king james , first sole monarch of great brittains empire , and his vertuous consort anne , sister to christianus king of denmark , was born at dunfermel in scotland on the 19 of november 1600 , and when englands bright star , the glorious queen elizabeth set , he with his royal father , the undoubted heir of these dominions , came to london , and continued with great applause , attracting in his infancy the eyes and hearts of the nation to gaze upon his comely person , and much admire his vertues , promising such a blessing to england that indeed it was not worthy of , he being sole heir to the crown by the death of prince henry , who died at st. james's , anno 1625 , succeeded to the crown , having before his fathers death contracted marriage with the vertuous and most renowned princess henrietta maria , daughter to henry the iv. of france , and sister to lewis the then reigning king , and at first such was the universal joy , that not a cloud of discontent appeared upon the brow of any , but such is the malice of the powers of darkness to hinder the progress of the gospel ( which in his pious reign , whilst he absolutely weiled the sword of justice , spread so wide , that the like no age had parallel'd ) was not wanting to raise such pestilential whirlwinds of discontent , or rather treasonable intentions , as overturned all order and government , bedewing albions surface with blood ; and lastly , with that more valuable then ten thousand vulgar lives , and to accomplish it , the monsters his agents a while sought by underhand means , but at last finding the rabble moulded for their purpose they appeared bare faced , and inveighed against his favourites , and first of all the duke of buckingham , who at length was murthered by one felton basely and treacherously at portsmouth , for which the murtherer was deservedly hanged in chains : the next thing was to object against the legality of ship-money , though twelve of the judges were of opinion that the land being in danger of an invasion , the king at any time ( with the advice of his counsel ) might leavy money to defend it without intrenching upon priviledge of parliament , for indeed if such a thing might not be , the nation might be over-run with a forreigne enemy before money in a parliamentary way could be raised to defend it , yet these were but slight cavels for what happened afterward , for they openly encouraged the scots to rebel , and act such insolencies , that the like happened not in that kingdom before in the age of man , sacriledge and murther being counted trifles , and although they in parliament denyed the king any supply for his urgent occasions , yet for their dear rebel bretheren of scotland in recompence for the mischief they had done in church and state , they voated them 100000 pounds , and to shew themselves better than their words , soon after added 200000 more , and then fell to impeach the noble earl of strafford of high-treason , as many believed upon no other account then that he was the kings favourite , and so far proceeded in their pernicious designs , by raising tumults with clubs and stalves to assault the kings pallace , crying out , justice against the earl , and no bishops , that the king ( though not without the earls consent ) thinking to appease those blood thirsty wretches , after his attaindure , signed a bill for his execution , which on the 12 of may 1841 , was executed on tower-hill , his majesty being greatly averse to that fatal trajedy , and at the same time ( o the indulgence of this blessed prince ) signed another bill for the houses siting , till they should consent to be dissolved , which they turned to his destruction , for having got the millitia into their hands , they armed against him , and to them joyned such rake-hells as they could scrape together , of all religions , as anabaptists , independants , quakers , presbyters , brownists , ranters , advanities , socinians , and what not , all fit instruments of hells , to hew down the ceeder of monarchy , and imbrew the earth with blood of her sons . upon this and many other affronts , the king sets up his standard at nottingham , after his having been denyed entrance into hull by the disloyal knight sir john hotham , who had a reward for his treason , the just judgment of god soon overtook him , for both he and his son were soon after beheaded , by their rebellious masters command , viz. the parliament , for to please whom , he had manifestly broken his oath to his prince . and now all being in a combustion , and no likelyhood of deciding matters , but by the sword , ( though nothing was wanting on his majesties part that might conduce to a peace and happy reconcilliation ) many dreadful battels were fought , wherein the success was various till most of the flower of the english nobillity were lost , and the king left destitute of mony , and other such necessaries , as are rightfully termed the sinns of war , fortune , who rightfully is painted blind , turned the scale of victory and success , till no considerable place of strength but oxford was left him , where finding no concessions , would mollifie the flinty temper of his implacable enemies ; he after some consultation with his council , resolved ( rather than to hazard being obliged to such hard conditions as a close seige might extort ) to fly to the scotch army who were in the parliaments pay , and from some of whose perfidious chief he had received several kind invitations , which he effected in the disguise of a serving-man , and found it incamped at south-well , where he was first kindly entertained with promise of protection , but treacherous villains as they were ( and be it a brand to their posterity for ever ) rather then loose their arrears due from the parliament , they delivered up their lawful soveraign the best of kings to the dispose of his merciless enemies , but heavens vengeance delayed not to such perfidious dealing , for soon after all scotland was put into a bloody sweat by the usurper . the king being in the hands of his enemies was imprisoned at holmby , where having stayed some time , he was taken thence by collonel joyce and carryed to childersly , thence to newark , and so by several stages till he came to hampton-court , where a treaty was proposed though nothing less intended , for at that very time the tub-thumpers , fearing if the king should be restored , they should loose their canting trade , bauled out nothing but death and desolation , saying , not words , but rhe sword , shall end the controversie ; and placing a hundred bugbears before the peoples eyes to render them averse to any compliance , but there cant availed not , for such was the gracious concessions of this good king , that they were highly approved of by many , and therefore cromwell and his faction fearing it should come to perfection , layed a plot to fright the king from hampton-court , by possessing him under pretence of friendship that there was a design against his life , which was so hypocritically demonstrated to him by collonel whaly , that the king leaving letters behind him to signifie the cause of his departure , he in the company and by the advice of mr. ashburnham and others , departed about midnight , none endeavouring to impeach his passage , the plot being before hand so layed , and in the end came into the isle of wight , of which collonel hammond was made governour , who being brother to his majesties chaplain , he thought he might the better confide in him , but as disloyal as he was he proved perfidious to his distressed majesty , for upon the parliaments publishing their order , to make it treason for any that concealed his person , he secured him , and sent them notice thereof . upon this the king writes to the parliament , giving them more fully to understand the reasons of his departure , and that he was still desirous that the treaty of peace might be continued , and that he would consent to any thing that in honour and conscience he might do , so that after many messages had passed , the treaty was renewed , wherein the kings extraordinary wisdom appeared , and his princely goodness so far condescending for the sake of peace , that his concessions were by the rebels themselves voted satisfactory , which the arch-traytor cromwell , perceiving and finding that such a conclusion would hinder him from aspiring , he plotted with the factious army officers to marr the whole proceedings , by new modelling the parliament , and turning out such as were inclinable to accord with his majesty , whereupon placing guards about the parliament-house , after some conference with the speaker , pride and hewson sent in a paper to the house of commons , requiring the impeached members and major-general brown ( as guilty of calling in hammilton , a forged pretence to pick a quarrel ) might be secured and brought to justice , and that the ninety and odd members that refused to vote against the scotch ingagement , and all that voted for recalling the four votes of non addresses to his majesty , and for a personal treaty , and acquiescing votes in his majesties answer should be immediately suspended the house , and that those that had done no such things should draw up their protestations in writing , &c. a brave way of making and unmaking parliaments , but the paper being thrown out of the house with detestation , whereupon all the guards advanced , and a strong guard set at the house door , where sir hardress waller and the collonels , pride and hewson , lying purdue violently seized upon several knights and burgesses as they came out ; others they decoyed out under sleeveless pretences , and in the end seized upon , debarred of entrance , and caused to decline coming no less then 200 forty one , all which number were secured and kept prisoners , hugh peters being their keeper , who protesting against this force and insolency , done upon and against the houses and priviledges of parliament were released ( all except major-general brown , who was kept prisoner at st. james's ) ireton bidding them at their departure look to it , and see they acted nothing against the present parliament or army . thus all things being brought and fitted to their purpose , the king is taken from the isle of wight and carried to hurst castle , a place very incommodious both for health and necessaries it standing in the sea , and no fresh water being to be had within three miles , from whence harrison conveyed him to winchester , and so by several journies to st. james's , that insolent traytor riding in the coach with him , and giving order to his souldiers to beat such as pressed near , either to see him , or compassionate his sufferings . and now these monsters resolving the kings death , to make way for their greatness , the offalls or fragments of a parliament make an ordinance , whereby they took away and disanulled the oaths of supremacy and allegiance , and at the same time the council of war forbid any state to be used towards his majesty , whose attendants were for the most part discharged , and to compleat their villanies , and to appear in their proper colours , an ordinance was brought into the commons house by scot for the tryal of the king , so monsterous and wicked a proposal that no age e're parallel'd , which after some debate was approved of , and sent to the lords house , who cast it out with detestation , which so metled them , that they presently passed a vote , asserting the supream power to lie in the commons , and that whatsoever is enacted or declared for law by the house of commons in parliament , hath the force of law , which passed without a negative voice , so that it plainly appeared at whose beck they were . and upon these votes they made the nest , wherein they hatched the monster , called an act for the tryal the king , &c. which the 9 th of january 1648 was proclaimed in westminster-hall by serjeant danby , by the beat of drum , and sound of trumpet , and notice given that the commissioners of the pretended high-court of justice , were to sit the next day , and that all those that had any thing to say against charles stuart king of england , might be heard ; the like was done in cheapside and at the royal-exchange . and thus they proclaimed their wickedness aloud , the which however masqued with specious pretences , and was then heard by most with horror and amazement . the bloody villains that durst sit to judge their lawful king , were as followeth , whose name and memory are hateful to all mankind . oliver cromwell , that monster in nature , henry ireton , john bradshaw president and scandal to the long-robe , who a little before had taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy , but such monsters no oaths can bind , thomas harrison a butchers son at new-castle underline in stafford-shire , john carew , john cook solicitor to the court , hugh peters , that scandal to the clergy , and factious bell-weather , thomas scot a brewers clark , gregory clement a broken merchant , adrian scroop , the stain of his family , john jones a serving-man , frances hacker , daniel axtil a mean shop-keeper in bedford-shire , collonel okey once a stoaker in a brew-house , miles corbet ; john bark stoad , a sorry goldsmith in the strand , thom●s pride sometimes a dray-man ▪ isaac ewer , thomas lord gray of grooby ( o scandal and shame of his family ) sir john danvers , brother to the loyal earl of danby , sir thomas maleverrer , sir john bourcher a troublesome independant , collonel purefoy governour of coventry , john black stone a shopkeeper in newcastle , sir william constable governour of gloucester , richard dean general at sea , francis allen a broken goldsmith , peregrine pelham governour of hull , john moor , john allured , not long before a private souldier , but to fit him for this villany , made a collonel , humphry edwards a member of the long parliament , sir gregory norton , a pensioner to the king , but now bought off to make one in the execrable villany , john ven a broaken silk-man , thomas andrews a linnen-draper , anthony stapely governour of chichester , thomas horton of mean and obscure birth , john fry a country farmer , and an arian heretick , thomas hammond prince henry's physitians son , isaac pennington , twice lord-mayor of london , twice broke , and a lasting dishonour to the city , simon meyen a recruit to the long parliament , sir hardress waller a poor knight , though after inriched by the spoils of his maiesty , william heveningham , henry martin a lude and vicious person , and consequently the fitter for so wicked a purpose , owen rowe a silkman , augustine garland a petty fogger , henry smith one of the six clarks in chancery , robert tichbourn a linnen-draper , also lord-mayor of london , george , fleetwood , james temple , thomas wait of obscure birth , peter temple a linnen-draper , robert lilburn brother to john lilburn the troubler of israel , gilbert millington chairman to the committee for plundering the clergy , vincent potter of obscure birth , john downs , thomas wogan , john lisby , william say , valentine walton , brother in law to cromwell , edward whaly , a woollen-draper , edmund ludlow son of a traytor , sir michael livesey , a poor knight of kent , john hewson , first a cobler , then a shoomaker , william goff a salters apprentice , who run away from his master , and betook him to the army , cornelius holland a serving-man , thomas challenor by some reputed a jesuit , william cawley a brewer , nicholas love , son to doctor love of winchester , john dixwel a recruit to the long parliament , daniel blagrave , daniel broughton , edward denby john hutchison , francis lossely , lord munson , james challenor , sir henry mildmay , robert wallop , james harrington , and john philips . these were the pack of hellhounds that were thought most fit to hunt after royal-blood , as indeed they were , for such monsters never breathed before on brittish-soil . matters being brought to this pass , on the 20 of january 1648. bradshaw the president with about 70 of the aforesaid pack , guarded by partizans , came into westminster-hall , and sate down in the court , whither the king was brought by collonel thomlinson , and placed at the bar by the serjeant at arms , where a crimson-chair was set , in which he sate down without moving his hat , or regarding the monsters , yet the president stood up and declared why he was brought thither , laying many notorious falsities to his charge , and was seconded by solicitor cook , but the king not to impair his kingly character , absolutely denyed the jurisdiction of the court , and so learnedly opposed the illiterate rout , with stupendious arguments , that they were beaten from all defences , and nothing to say but that they were well satisfied in their power , and that it was not for him to dispute their jurisdiction , ( as indeed it availed not , for past doubt they right or wrong had before-hand determined his destruction ) and yet they convened his majesty before them the day following , and the next day , as also on the 23 and still pressed him to answer the charge and own the jurisdiction of the court , without permitting him ( though he earnestly desired it ) to give his reasons why he refused it , nor to plead for the liberty of his subjects , which most of all he insisted on ; but adjourned the court to the 27 when notwithstanding the kings learned arguments and perswasions , which they impatiently heard , they passed judgment upon him , which after a long repetition of what had passed , during the tryal , concluded in the words . for all which treasons and crimes this court doth adjudge that he ( meaning the king ) as a tyrant , traytor , murtherer and publick-enemy , shall be put to death by severing his head from his body , after which bradshaw declared , it was the act and resolution of the whole court. and thus they layed to his charge things that he knew not , nor could be possible guilty of , for kings are accountable to none but god , nor can any man of sence imagine that treason can be committed against a subject , by his prince , no law allowing that it can descend , but it must ever ascend . yet to the amazement of all nations , having carryed on their villany to this height , they proceeded further , for on the 29 of january a warrant was directed under the hands of john bradshaw , thomas lord gray of grooby and oliver cromwell , to francis hacker , collonel hunks , and lieutenant collonel phray , for the execution of their wicked sentence , the place appointed for the tragedy being before vvhitehall ; and the next day between the hours of ten in the morning and five in the afternoon , to compleat the great wickedness , but to amuse the people that every where detested against their diabollical proceedings , and to prevent any attempt that might be made , to rescue his majesty , they caused it to be rumoured that they would respite the execution ; yet on the fatal 30 of january in the year aforesaid , the commissioners met , and ordered four or five of their canting tub-preachers to attend upon his majesty at st. james's , but he refused to have any conference with those varlets . in the morning before his majesty was brought thence , dr. juxon bishop of london , officiated , and read divine service , when as the second lesson appointed to be read for that day , by the church calender , happened to be the 27 chap. of st. matthew , being the history of our saviours passion , which caused his majesty to thank the doctor , for chusing so fit a place of scripture , but being given to understand that it fell in course , he was highly animated , then his majesty received the sacrament , after which and some other devotions ended , he was conveyed to whitehall through the park , by a regiment of foot , but about his person were a private guard of partizans , the bishop on the one hand and collonel thomlinson on the other , when with a chearful voice , he bid the guard march faster , saying , that now he went before them to strive for a heavenly crown , with less solicitude then he had often incouraged his souldiers to fight for an earthly diadem . being come to the stairs of the long gallery he passed through , and coming in to an appartment appointed for him , continued in fervent prayer , wondering at the delay , but the reason was because the scaffold was not finished , here he received a letter from the prince , brought by mr. seymour , and dinner time came , he refused to dine , only eat a bit of bread and drank a glass of clarret . about one of the clock collonel hacker came with his guard of officers and brought his majesty , accompanyed with the bishop and collonel thomlinson , through the banqueting-house , and from thence upon the scaffold , a bridge being made from one of the windows to it , round about which stood a guard of 7 regiments of horse and foot there placed to keep off his weeping subjects from approaching to commiserate their dying soveraign , the scaffold was hung with mourning , and so villanously were they bent on their wicked purpose , that fearing his majesty would not willingly submit to the axe , they had driven in iron staples to force him to the block with cords , o monstrous barbarity of these inhumane monsters . his majesty looking upon the blcok , and having asked hacker whither there were none higher , turned to thomlinson , and began his speech , wherein he declared , his innocence , the unjust incroachments of the parliament upon his perogative royal , and their begining the unnatural war against him , yet prays to god to forgive them all , and all that had a hand in his death , advises them to restore the church and liberties of the people and the crown to his successor , laying down the particular means and methods that would unavoidably conduce to the nations happiness , declaring till they were effectually observed , the nation would be miserable ; and lastly , that his blood was causelesly shed , and that he dyed the martyr of the people , and then at the motion of dr. juxon , declared his religion , saying , that he dyed a good christian according to the profession of the church of england , as he found it left to him by his father , of which this good man can bear me witness , ( meaning dr. juxon ) then turning to the officers , said , sirs , excuse me for i have a good cause , and i have a gracious god , then turning to hacker , he said , take care they do not put me to pain , after which he said to the executioner , i shall say but very short prayers , and when i thrust out my hands — then he called to dr. juxon for his night-cap , which he having put on , said to the doctor , i have a gracious god and a good cause on my side , to which the doctor answered , there is but one stage more , this stage is turbulent and troublesome , it is a short one , but you may consider it will soon carry you a very great way , it will carry you from earth to heaven , and there you will find a great deal of cordial joy and comfort , to which his majesty replied , i go from a corruptible to an incorruptible crown , where no disturbance can be , no disturbance in the world , when as the doctor again answered , you are to ex●hange a temporary for an eternal crown , a good exchange . after this , they asked if his hair was well , then he taking off his cloak and george , gave to the doctor , saying , remember — which as many suppose was to give his george to the prince , then he put off his doublet , and bid the executioner set the block , and bid him when he stretched out his hands ( shewing him the manner ) to strike . after that , having said several prayers and bidding the executioner ( who was disguised with a vizard-masque ) stay for the signe , he meekly layed down his head , and after a short space giving the sign , ( o horror and eternal infamy to his murtherers ) had it struck off at one blow , which ( bloody as it was ) was taken up and shewed to the people , who in groans and tears expressed their unfeigned sorrow . the tragedy finished , his body and head were put into a coffin covered with mourning velvet , and carryed to his house at st. james's , where it was embalmed and layed in a leaden coffin , to be seen of such as resorted thither , and after a fortnights exposing , delivered to four of his servants , who in a hearse conveyed it to vvindsor themselves , in mourning accompanying the corps , and placed it in the danes-hall , all hung with mourning , and lights stuck round , whither resorted the duke of lenox , the marquess of hartford , the earl of lindsey , and the marquess of dorchester , to pay their last duty , to their royal-master , having received orders of parliament for his interment , but were denyed by whitchcot to bury him in st. georges chappel by the form of the common-prayer-book of the church of england , though they pleaded the consent of the parliament thereto , he alledging that the parliament would not permit the use of what they had so solemnly abolished , and so destroy their own acts , the lords reply'd , that there was a difference between destroying their own act and dispencing with it , and that no power so binds its own hands as to disable it self in some cases , but the rigid fanatick would not hearken to their reasons , so that they were obliged to seek a place , and at last found king henry the eight his vault , where t is conjectured his body and that of his wife the lady jane seymore lies in leaden coffins , there being room for one more , they interred the king , and upon his coffin fixed in large characters king charles , 1648 , bedewing the earth with tears and sighs , but especially the bishop , for that he was not permitted to do his last duty to his royal master . thus by murthering hands fell this blessed martyr , but heavens vengeance was not slow in making it manifest , how sacred kings lives ought to be held ; first it is observed that the first raisers of the rebellion most of them died miserable , some by grievous diseases , some beheaded and hanged by their own rebel party , and others lived miserably in exile ; oliver that monster , during his greatness , was nightly terrified with dreadful visions , and in the day time continually in fear of his life , seldom lying twice in a room , and ever haunted with an evil conscience , till he was cut off in the strength of his days , and transported to his proper place in a whirl-wind , and after his majesties restauration had his odious corps together with bradshaws and his son iretons taken out of their graves , and hanged upon tyburn , their heads set up at westminster-hall . pride , ewer , lord gray of grooby , danvers , malleverer , bourcher , purefoy , blackstone , constable , dean , ( killed by a shot ) allen , peham , moor , allured , edwards , norton , venn , andrews , stapeley , horton , fry , hammond , pennington and meyen , all of them the kings judges , dyed miserably , before his present majesties restauration , olivers daughter dyed madd , his son richard tumbled down as soon as set up , and beset with bayliffs for debt , these of the kings judges were condemned and executed as traytors , since his majestys restauration , viz. harrison , carew , cook , peters , scot , clement , s●roop , jones , hacker , axtel , okey , corbet , and berkstead , being excluded the act of indemnity , these following of the kings judges , were sentenced to death as traytors , and kept in prison to be executed at the pleasure of the king , viz. wallen , heningham , martin , row , garland , smith , tichburn , fleetwood , james temple , peter temple , waite , lilburn , millington , potter and downs , most of which since dyed miserably in prison , those that fled and came to miserable ends for the most part in exile were these , wagan , lisle , say , vvalton , vvhaly , ludlow , linsey , hewson , goffe , holland , challenor , cawlice , love , dixwell , braughton and danby , the following were such as upon humble submission , and recantation found mercy and only fined . hutchison , lassels both fined , but vvilliam lord munson , james challenor , sir henry mildmay , robert vvallop , sir james harrington , and john philips , were deprived of their estates ; and sentenced to be drawn on sledges to tyburn , with ropes about their necks like traytors , and then returned to the tower , where they were to continue prisoners during their natural lives . and thus heavens vengeance overtook the regicides , and brought those monsters to their deserved punnishents , who durst stretch out their bloody and trayterous hands to the sheding innocent blood of the lords anointed , and that such or worse may be the portion of all that shall hereafter dare to imagine , the like is the hearty wish of the authour . finis . books sold by daniel brown at the black swan and bible without temple-bar , and thomas benskin in st. brides church-yard . a prospect of government in europe , and civil policy , shewing the antiquity , power , decay of parliaments , with other historical and political observations relating thereunto . by t. r. 8 vo price 1s . no protestant but dissenters plot discovered and defeated ; being an answer to the late writings of several eminent dissenters , wherein their designs against the established church of england , and the unreasonableness of seperation are more fully manifested . by the author of the second part of the history of seperation , 8 vo . the forfeitures of londons charter , or an impartial account of the several seisures of the city charter , together with the means and methods that were used for the recovery of the same ; with the causes by which it came forfeited , &c. price 6d . the third edition of the life , bloody reign and daath of queen mary . in this edition is added an account of the most remarkable judgments of god on many of the persecuters . price bound 1s . there is now published the newest collection of the choicest songs , as they are sung at court theatre , musick-schools , balls , &c. with musick-notes , price bound 1s . the cause and cure of offences , in a discourse on matth. 18. vers . 7. by r. kingston prebendary of soll. and chaplain in ordinary to his majesty . 8 vo . seldens janus anglorum . the mystery and method of his majesties happy restauration laid open to publick view , by john price doctor of divinity , one of the late duke of albemarles chaplains , and privy to all the secret passages and particularities of that glorious revolution . 8 vo price 1s . 6d . the impostor exposed , in a dissection of a villanous libel ( here printed at large ) entituled a letter to a person of honour concerning the black-box . 8 vo . price 1s . 6d . some historical memoires of the life and actions of his royal highness , the renowned and most illustrious prince , james duke of york and albany , &c. ( only brother to his most sacred majesty king charles the ii. ) from his birth 1633 , to this present year 1682. price 1s . plays . the young king , or the mistake : written by mrs. behn . romulus and hersilia , or the sabine war. the city heieess , or sir timothy treatall . the roundheads , or the good old cause . three farces acted before the king and court at newmarket , the merry milk-maids of islington , or the rambling gallants defeated love lost in the dark , or the drunken couple the politick whore , or the conceited cuckhold anno regni caroli ii. regis angliæ, scotiæ, franciæ, & hiberniæ, duodecimo. at the parliament begun at westminster, the five and twentieth day of april, an. dom. 1660 in the twelfth year of the reign of our most gracious soveraign lord charles, by the grace of god, of england, scotland, france, and ireland, king, defender of the faith, &c. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) 1661 approx. 216 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 75 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a82435 wing e1095 thomason e1075_27 99867538 99867538 119854 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a82435) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 119854) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 160:e1075[27]) anno regni caroli ii. regis angliæ, scotiæ, franciæ, & hiberniæ, duodecimo. at the parliament begun at westminster, the five and twentieth day of april, an. dom. 1660 in the twelfth year of the reign of our most gracious soveraign lord charles, by the grace of god, of england, scotland, france, and ireland, king, defender of the faith, &c. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) england and wales. parliament. 150 [i.e. 148], [2] p. printed by john bill, printer to the kings most excellent majesty, [london : 1660] [i.e. 1661] contains the acts drafted by the convention parliament. list of additional acts not included: pp. 148-150. signatures: a-z² 2a-2g² 2h¹ 2i-2p² . annotation on thomason copy: "jan 7". reproduction of the original in the british library. an act for the better ordering the selling of wines by retail -an act for the levying of the arrears of the twelve moneths assessment commencing the 24th of june 1659, and the six moneths assessment commencing the 25 of december 1659 -an act for granting unto the kings majesty, four hundred and twenty thousand pounds, by an assessment of threescore and ten thousand pounds by the moneth, for six moneths, for disbanding the remainder of the army and paying off the navy -an act for further supplying and explaining certain defects in an act intituled an act for the speedy provision of money for disbanding and paying off the forces of this kingdom -an act for the raising of seventy thousand pounds for the further supply of his majesty -an act for the attainder of several persons guilty of the horrid murther of his late sacred majestie king charles the first -an act for confirmation of leases and grants from colledges and hospitals -an act for confirmation of marriages -an act for prohibiting the planting, setting, or sowing of tobacco in england and ireland -an act for erecting and establishing a post-office -an act impowering the master of the rolls for the time being, to make leases for years, in order to new build the old houses belonging to the rolls. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng england and wales. -army -demobilization -early works to 1800. wine and wine making -law and legislation -great britain -early works to 1800. taxation -law and legislation -great britain -early works to 1800. wool industry -great britain -early works to 1800. regicides -early works to 1800. marriage law -great britain -early works to 1800. tobacco -law and legislation -great britain -early works to 1800. postal service -great britain -early works to 1800. great britain -politics and government -1660-1688 -early works to 1800. 2007-04 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-04 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-07 robyn anspach sampled and proofread 2007-07 robyn anspach text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion anno regni caroli ij. regis angliae , scotiae , franciae , & hiberniae , duo decimo . at the parliament begun at westminster the five and twentieth day of april , an. dom. 1660. in the twelfth year of the reign of our most gracious soveraign lord charles , by the grace of god , of england , scotland , france , and ireland , king , defender of the faith , &c. london , printed by john bill , printer to the kings most excellent majesty , 1660. cum privilegio . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for the better ordering the selling of wines by retail , and for preventing abuses in the mingling , corrupting , and vitiating of wines , and for setting and limiting the prices of the same . for the better ordering of selling of wines by retail in taverns , and other places , and for preventing of abuses therein , be it enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , by and with the consent of the lords and commons in parliament assembled , and by the authority of the same , that no person or persons whatsoever , from and after the five and twentieth day of march one thousand six hundred sixty one , unless he or they be authorised and enabled in manner and form , as in this present act is prescribed and appointed , shall sell or utter by retail , that is by the pint , quart , pottle or gallon , or by any other greater or lesser retail measure , any kinde of wine or wines to be drunk or spent within his or their mansion-house or houses , or other place in his or their tenure or occupation , or without such mansion-house or houses , or such other place in his or their tenure or occupation , by any colour , craft , or mean whatsoever , upon pam to forfeit for every such offence the sum of five pounds ; the one moyety of every such penalty to be to our soveraign lord the king , the other moyety to him or them that will sue for the same , by action of debt , bill , plaint , or information in any of the kings courts of record , in which action or suit ▪ no ess●ign , wager of law or protection shall be allowed . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that it shall and may be lawful , to and for his majesty , his heirs and successors , from time to time , to issue out under his or their great seal of england , one or more commission or commissions directed to two or more persons , thereby authorizing them to licence , and give authority to such person and persons , as they shall think sit , to sell and utter by retail , all and every or any kinde of wine or wines whatsoever , to be drunk and spent as well within the house or houses , or other place , in the tenure or occupation of the party so licenced , as without , in any city , town , or other place within the kingdom of england , dominion of wales , and town and port of berwick upon twede ; and such persons as from time to time or at any time hereafter shall be by such commission or commissions as aforesaid in that behalf appointed , shall have power and authority , and hereby have power and authority to treat and contract for licence , authority and dispensations to be given and granted to any person or persons for the selling and uttering of wines by retail in any city , town or other place as aforesaid , according to the rules and directions of this present act , and the true intent and meaning thereof , and not otherwise , any law , statute , usage or custome to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that such persons as shall be commissioned and appointed by his majesty , his heirs or successors as aforesaid shall be , and be called his majesties agents for granting licences for the selling and uttering of wine by retail ; and his majesties said agents are hereby authorized and enabled under their seal of office , the same to be appointed by his majesty , to grant licence for the selling and uttering of wines by retail to any person or persons , and for any time or terme not exceeding one and twenty years , if such person and persons shall so long live ; and for such yearly rent as they can or shall agree , and think fit , so as no fine be taken for the same ; but that the rent and summs of money agreed upon and reserved , be payed and answered half yearly by equal portions during the whole term. and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that such licence shall not be given or granted , but to such who shall personally use the trade of selling or uttering of wines by retail , or to the landlord and owner of the house where the person useing such trade shall sell and utter wine by retail , nor shall the same be assignable nor in any wise beneficial or extensive to indempnifie any person against the penalties of this present act , except the first taker . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that it shall & may be lawful to and for his majesty , his heirs & successors , to constitute and appoint such and so many other officers and ministers , as a receiver , register , clerk , controller , messenger or the like , for the better carrying on of this service , as he and they shall think fit , so as the sallaries and wages of all such officers to be appointed , together with the sallary or wages of his majesties said . agents do not exceed six pence in the pound of the revenue that shall hence arise . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that the rents , revenues , and sums of money hence arising , except what shall be allowed for the wages and sallaries of such officers and ministers , which is not to exceed six pence out of every pound thereof , shall be duly and constantly paid and answered into his majesties receipt of exchequer , and shall not be particularly charged or chargeable , either before it be paid into the exchequer or after , with any gift or pension . and his majesties said ▪ agents are hereby enjoyned and required to return into the court of exchequer every michaelmas and easter terms , upon their oaths ( which oaths the barons of the exchequer , or any one of them , are hereby authorized to administer ) a book fairly written , containing a true & full account of what licences have been granted the preceding half year , and what rents and sums of money are thereupon reserved , and have been paid , or are in arrear , together with the securities of the persons so in arrear , to the end due and speedy process may be made out according to the course of the exchequer , for the recovery of the same . provided always , that this act , nor any thing therein contained , shall not in any wise be prejudicial to the priviledge of the two vniversities of the land , or either of them , nor to the chancellors or scholars of the same , or their successors ; but that they may use and enjoy such priviledges as heretofore they have lawfully used and enjoyed , any thing herein to the contrary notwithstanding . provided also ▪ that this act , or any thing therein contained shall not extend or be prejudicial to the master , wardens , freemen and commonalty of the mystery of v●●tners of the city of london , or to any other city or town-corporate but that they may use and enjoy such liberties and priviledges as heretofore they have lawfully used and enjoyed , any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding . provided also , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that this act , or any thing therein contained , shall not in any wise extend to debar or hinder the major and burgesses of the burrough of st. albans in the county of hertford , or their successors , from enjoying , using and exercising of all such liberties , powers and authorities to them heretofore granted by several letters patents under the great seal of england , by queen elizabeth and king james of famous memories , for the erecting , appointing , and licensing of three several wine-taverns within the burrough aforesaid , for and towards the maintenance of the free-school there ; but that the same liberties , powers and authorities shall be , and are hereby established and confirmed , and shall remain and continue in and to the said major and burgesses and their successors , to and for the charitable use aforesaid , and according to the tenor of the letters patents aforesaid , as though this act had never been made , any thing herein contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding . provided also , that it shall not , nor may be lawful to or for any officer or officers to be appointed by his majesty for the carrying on of this service , to take , demand , or recei●e any fees , rewards , or summs of money whatsoever , for or in respect of this service , other then five shillings for a licence , four pence for an acquittance , and six pence for a bond , under the ●enalty of ten pounds , one moiety thereof to the kings majesty , the other moiety to the person or persons who shall sue for the same , by action of debt , bill , plaint , or information , wherein no wager of law , essoign or protection shall be allowed , any thing herein , or any other matter or thing to the contrary notwithstanding . and it is hereby further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that no merchant , vintuer , wine-cooper or other person , selling or retailing any wine , shall mingle or utter any spanish wine , mingled with any french wine , or rh●●ish wine , sider , perry , hony , sugar , syrops of sugar , molasses , or any other syrops whatsoever , nor put in any isinglass ; brimstone , lime , raisins , iuice of raisins , water , nor any other liquor nor ingredients , nor any clary , or other herb , nor any sort of flesh whatsoever ; and that no merchant , vintner , wine-cooper , or other person selling or retailing any wine , shall mingle or utter any french wines mingled with any rhinish wines or spanish wines , sider , perry , stummed wine , vitriol , hony , sugar , syrop of sugar , molasses , or any syrops whatsoever , nor put in any isinglass , brimstone , lime , raisins , iuice of raisins , water , nor any other liquor or ingredients , nor any clary or other herb , nor any sort of flesh whatsoever ; and that no merchant , vintner , wine-cooper or other person selling or retailing any wine , shall mingle or utter any r●inish wine mingled with any french wines , or spanish wines , sider , perry , stummed wine , vitriol , hony , sugar , syrops of sugar , molasses , or any other syrops whatsoever , nor put in any isinglass , brimstone , lime , raisins , iuice of raisins , water , nor any other liquor or ingredients , nor any clary or other herb , nor any sort of flesh whatsoever : and that all and every person and persons committing any of the offences aforesaid , shall incur the pains and penalties herein after mentioned : that is to say , every merchant , wine-cooper , or other person selling any sort of wines in gross , mingled or abused as aforesaid , shall forfeit and lose for every such offence , one hundred pounds ; and that every vintner or other person selling any sorts of wine by retail , mingled or abused as aforesaid , shall forfeit and lose for every such offence , the sum of forty pounds ; of which forfeitures , one moyety shall go unto the kings majesty , his heirs and successors , the other moyety to the informer , to be recovered in any court of record by action of debt , bill , plaint or information , wherein no essoigne , protection , or wager of law shall be allowed . provided always , and be it enacted , that from and after the first day of september , one thousand six hundred sixty and one , no canary wines , muskie or alegant , or other spanish or sweet wines , shall be sold or uttered by any person or persons within his majesties kingdom of england , dominion of wales , and town of berwick upon twede , by retail , for above eighteen pence the quart : and that no gascoigne or french wines whatsoever , shall be sold by retail , above eight pence the quart ; and that no rhinish wines whatsoever shall be sold by retail , above twelve pence the quart ; ( and according to these rates , for a greater and lesser quantity , all and every the said wines shall and may be sold ) upon pain and penalty that every such person and persons who shall utter or sell any of the said wines by retail , that is to say , by pint , quart , pottle , or gallon , or any other greater or lesser retail-measure ▪ at any rate exceeding the rates hereby limited , do and shall forfeit for every such pint , quart , pottle , gallon , or other greater or lesser quantity so sold by retail , the sum of five pounds ; the one moyety of which forfeiture shall be to our soveraign lord the king , his heirs and successors , and the other moyety to him or them that will sue for the same , to be recovered in manner and form as aforesaid . provided nevertheless , that it shall and may be lawful to and for the lord chancellor of england , lord treasurer , lord president of the kings council , lord privy seal , and the two chief iustices , or five , four , or three of them ; and they are hereby authorized yearly and every year between the twentieth day of november , and the last day of december , and no other times , to set the prises of all and every the said wines to be sold by retail as aforesaid , at higher or lower rates then are herein contained , so that they or any of them cause the prises by them set to be written , and open proclamation thereof to be made in the kings court of chancery yearly in the term time , or else in the city , burrough ▪ or towns corporate where any such wines shall be sold ; and that all and every the said wines shall and may be sold by retail at such prises as by them , or any five , four , or three of them shall be set as aforesaid , from time to time , for the space of one whole year , to commence from the first day of february next after the setting thereof , and no longer , and no greater prises under the pains and penalties aforesaid , to be recovered as aforesaid , and afterwards : and in default of such setting of prises by the said lord chancellor of england , lord treasurer , lord president of the kings council , lord privy seal , and the two chief iustices , or five , four , or three of them , as aforesaid , at the respective rates . and prises set by this act , and under the penalties as aforesaid , to be recovered as aforesaid . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for the levying of the arrears of the twelve moneths assessment commencing the 24 th . of june 1659 , and the six moneths assessment commencing the 25. of december 1659. whereas there are severall great summs of money , yet uncollected and in arrear , and divers summs of money in the hands of the collectors and not payed in , due upon the twelve moneths assessment commencing the twenty fifth of december one thousand six hundred fifty nine , for payment of the arrears of his majesties army now disbanding , and to be disbanded , notwithstanding all former orders , and his majesties proclamation for the speedy levying and collecting thereof . be it therefore enacted by the kings most excellent majestie , and the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , and by the authority of the same , that the commissioners nominated and appointed in the respective counties , cities and corporations of this kingdome , the dominion of wales , and the town of berwick , in an act made this present parliament for the speedy provision of money for disbanding and paying of the forces of this kingdome both by land and sea , do forthwith cause all the said ▪ arrears to be levied & collected by such wayes and means , as the same was formerly appointed to be levied and collected ; and likewise all such summs of money as remain in any collectors hands to be speedily payed in , to iames nelthorp and iohn lawson esquires late treasurers at war , for and towards the speedy disbanding and paying off the said forces . provided alwayes , that the summe of five hundred and twenty pounds and twelve shillings disbursed by robert quarum receiver generall of the county of cornwall , by the desire and direction of the commissioners of assessments , and other gentlemen of the said county , for the publique service of the kingdome . and also the summe of seventy pounds disbursed by the town of lyme regis in the county of dorset for the same service , shall be and are hereby discharged and allowed unto the said receiver and town of lyme regis , as if the same had been actually payed in to the treasurers appointed to receive the same , any thing in this act to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for granting unto the kings majesty , four hundred and twenty thousand pounds , by an assessement of threescore and ten thousand pounds by the moneth , for six moneths , for disbanding the remainder of the army , and paying off the navy . whereas it was well hoped , that the moneys enacted to be raised by several acts of this parliament , that is to say , one act entituled , an act for the speedy provision of money , for disbanding and paying off the forces of this kingdom both by land and sea. and one other act entituled , an act for supplying and explaining certain defects in an act , entituled , an act for the speedy provision of money for the disbanding and paying off the forces of this kingdom both by land and sea. and one other act entituled , an act for raising sevenscore thousand pounds for the compleat disbanding of the whole army , and paying off some part of the navy , would have effectually sufficed to have compleatly disbanded the armies and paid off the navy ; but by the slow coming in of the same moneys , the growing charge being still kept on , the same cannot be effected without further supply ; and if no further supply should be made , the growing charge would become insupportable : the commons assembled in parliament , do therefore give and grant unto your most excellent majesty , for the uses herein after expressed , and no other , the sum of four hundred and twenty thousand pounds to be raised & levyed in manner following : and do humbly pray your most excellent majesty , that it may be enacted , and be it enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , by , and with the advice and consent of the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , that the sum of threescore and ten thousand pounds by the moneth , for six moneths , beginning from the first day of january , one thousand six hundred and sixty , shall be assessed , taxed , collected , levyed and paid in the several counties , cities and burroughs , towns and places within england and wales , and the town of berwick upon tweed , according to such rates , rules , and proportions , and by the same commissioners , as in and by a certain act past this parliament , entituled an act for raising of sevenscore thousand pounds for the compleat disbanding of the whole army , and paying off some part of the navy , which said commissioners shall meet on , or before the twelfth day of ianuary , one thousand six hundred and sixty , and are hereby enabled to use and execute all and every the like rates ▪ rules , proportions , powers and authorities , as in and by the said act are mentioned and referred unto , or expressed , as fully and amply , as if the same had been particularly inserted in this present act. and be it further enacted , that the sum of two hundred and ten thousand pounds , being one moyety of the six months assessment , hereby imposed , shall be assessed , collected , levyed and paid in to the receiver or receivers general , who shall be appointed by the said commissioners , upon or before the first day of february , one thousand six hundred and sixty . and the other two hundred and ten thousand pounds residue thereof , upon or before the first day of april , one thousand six hundred sixty one . and be it further enacted , that all and every the sums to be collected and levied by vertue of this present act , shall be paid at the guild-hall of the city of london , unto sir george cartwright , sir richard brown lord mayor of the city of london , sir iames bunce , sir william wheeler , sir william vincent , thomas rich esq ; and the chamberlain of the city of london for the time being , who are hereby appointed treasurers for the receipt thereof , and the acquittances of them , or any threé of them , shall be a sufficient discharge for so much as shall be received by vertue of this act , to any person or persons who shal pay in the same . and whereas there is a present necessity of raising of eighty thousand pounds , be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that if any person or persons of the city of london , or any other place , who hath or have advanced any monies upon the credit of an act of this parliament , entituled , an act for raising sevenscore thousand pounds , for the compleat disbanding of the whole army , and paying off some part of the navy , shall continue the loane of such monies upon the credit of this act , and declare the same under his or their hands , unto the treasurers by this act appointed , before the one and thirtieth day of december , one thousand six hundred and sixty ; and if any other person or persons shall advance one hundred pounds or upwards upon the credit of this act , and before the tenth day of ianuary , one thousand six hundred and sixty , pay the same unto the said treasurers , then every such person and persons so continuing or advancing as aforesaid , shall not only do a very acceptable service , but shall also receive from the said treasurers out of the last one hundred and ten thousand pounds , which shall be received upon the second payment appointed by this act , his and their principal money , with interest , at the rate of ten pounds per cent . per annum , from the time of such declaration and advancement respectively , any law , act or statute to the contrary notwithstanding . and the said treasurers are hereby required to make payment accordingly , and not to receive any more money to be advanced as aforesaid , then what with the money so to be continued will amount to eighty thousand pounds . and be it further enacted , that the treasurers by this act appointed , shall receive for them , and those to be employed under them in this service , one penny in the pound , in such manner as they ought to receive by the act last before mentioned . and be it further enacted , that all and every the sums of money which by vertue of this present act shall be paid to or received by the treasurers aforesaid , shall from time to time be issued out according to such warrants and directions onely , as they or any three of them shall receive from the commissioners named in one act of this present parliament , entituled , an act for the speedy disbanding of the army and garisons of this kingdom , or threé of them , who are hereby required and enjoyned at their perils , to take care and provide , that the moneys so as aforesaid to be issued out , be employed onely to the uses , intents and purposes hereafter following , and to no other use , intent , or purpose whatsoever , that is to say , principally and in the first place , for and towards the total disbanding of the present army and garrisons , until that work be fully perfected and compleated according to such rules and instructions , as touching the disbanding of the army in the said act last mentioned , are contained . and after the army shall be wholly disbanded , then the residue of the moneys to be raised by vertue of this present act , or due , or behinde on any former act , shall be employed for and towards the paying off of the fleét and navy , according to such rules . orders , and instructions , as touching the payment of the navy , are herein after-mentioned , and not otherwise . and be it further enacted , that an accompt of all the moneys by vertue of this act to be received , shall be given by the said treasurers to this or any other succeéding parliament , which shall require the same , or to such person or persons , as by this or any other succeéding parliament shall be thereunto appointed : provided always , and it is hereby declared , that nō mannors , lands , tenements , and hereditaments which were formerly assessed and taxed for and towards former assessments and land-taxes , and are now in the possession or holding of his majesty , or of the queéns highness , or of any ecclesiastical person or persons , or his , her , or their farmers and tenants , shall be exempted from the payment of the several sums of mony in this act comprized ; but that the said mannors , lands , tenements and hereditaments , shall be rated , assessed and taxed for and towards the said several sums of money in this act comprised , in such manner and form as they were of late rated , taxed , and assessed for and towards the said former land-rates , any law , statute or custom to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding . provided also , that nothing herein contained shall be drawn into example to the prejudice of the ancient rights belonging to the peers of this realm . and be it declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid , that these persons hereafter named shall be added commissioners for their several counties , places and precincts respectively , and shall exercise the same powers as the other commissioners intended by this act are authorised and impowered to do , that is to say ; berks. for the county of berks , peregrine hobby , richard harrison esqs ; john fecciplace of fernehamesq ; samuel woodcox . borrough of new windsor . for the borrough of new windsor , andrew plumpton , richard fishburne , gent. bucks . for the county of bucks , william tirringham esq ; sir t●omas hampson baronet , sir philip palmer baronet , anthony ratcliff esq ; cambridge . for the county of cambridge , sir thomas dayrel , john bennet esq ; sir anthony cage , levinus bennet . isle of ely. for the isle of ely , roger jennings esq ; chester . for the county of chester , sir george warburton baronet , edward warren , jeffery shakerley , henry leigh , esqs ; city of chester . for the city and county of the city of chester , the major for the time being . cornwal . for the county of cornwal , robert roberts esq ; sir william tredinham , joseph tredinham , thomas penhallow , the knights and burgesses that serve for the said county , and iames eirsey gent. the major of lostwithel for the time being , iohn mollesworth esq william williams of trenythen . cumberland . for the county of cumberland , mr. anthony bouch , mr. richard uriell , mr. thomas croswhat , mr. robert webster . devon. for the county of devon , nicholas daviesdoctor of physick , william jennens gent. edmond tremayne , william putt , john kellond , william bogan , george howard , iohn kelly , iames rodd esquires , walter jago , francis drew , esq ; william walrond esq ; john blagdon gent. iohn hamm gent. henry newte . york . for the west-riding in the county of york , welbury norton , rob●rt wivell esquires , richard roundhil gent. william hamond , walte● hawksworth esquires , cuthbert wade , iohn preston gent. arthur ingram esq ; edward atkinson , william witham gent. samuel sunderlandesq ; thomas ward gent. sir william ingram knight , sir john goodrick baronet , sir tho. wentworth , sir edward rodes , knights , godfrey copley of sprotsbrough , john clayton , ioshua horton , thomas stringer esqs . the alderman of l●edes for the time being . york northriding . for the northriding in the county of york , sir william caley , arthur caley esq . william wivell esq . sir tho. gower baronet , thomas vvorsley , charles tankred esqs . sir william francklyn baronet , the bailiffs of scarboroughfor the time being , tristram fish , robert belt , esq . thoms robinson , thomas scudamore esq . york city . for the city and county of the city of york , all the aldermen of the city of york . kingston upon hull . for the town of hull , mr. george crowle . essex . for the county of essex , mr. edward glascock , mr. m●les hubbert , mr. iohn smart , capt. hunter , dean tindal esq . isaac wincall , thomas clopton , thomas peck , peter iohnson , thomas manby esq . gloucester . for the county of gloucester , thomas freame , tho. floyde , samuel sheppard , phillip sheppard , vvilliam morgan , richard daston , iohn tookeesq . robert lord tracy , thomas morgan esq . sir nicholas throckmorton knight , vvilliam bromage gent. vvilliam vvinter of dimmockgent . richard matchen gent. iohn wynnyattgent . thomas aylway gent. hereford . for the county of hereford , sir herbert parretknight , john barnaby of brookehampton esq . thomas baskervile of collington gent. john boothof hereford esq . city of hereford . for the city of hereford , thomas davies esq . major , james lawrence gent. tho. clerk gent. hertford . for the county of hertford , marmaduke rawden , iames willimott iunior gent. thomas arrasdr . of physick , richard coombes esq . sir robert ioslyn knight , thomas cappin , edward briscoe , iohn halsie esq . mr. fetherston of blackeswere , edward brograve , ralph gore , thomas brograve , edward cason , thomas bonest , henry becher , henry chancey , george bromley , alexander meade , iohn crouch , iames willimort iunior , george poyner gent. iohn iesson esq . st. albans . for the borrough of st. albans , william foxwistesq . recorder , mr. iohn new , mr. edward eames , mr. thomas cawley senior , mr. william marston , sir henry connyngsby , edmond smith , alban cox , richard combes esq . thom. marstongent . kent . for the county of kent , sir william mann , sir edward masters , thomas peake esq . sir tho. godfrey , the major of maydston for the time being , sir william meredeth baronet , sir thomas preise baronet , mr. richard manley , mr. thomas manley . sandwich . for the town of sandwich , iohn verrier , peter peke gent. lancaster . for the county of lancaster , henry banisteresq . ieoffry rushton gent. richard fleetwoodgent . iohn molineux esq . vvilliam fif●esq . sir george middleton knight and baronet , mathew richardson esq . robert heywood esq . roger stowton of the city of london , thomas butler , r●chard farrington , vvilliam vvall , william turner , henry brabin , vvilliam hodgkensongent . lincoln . for the county of lincoln , and city and county of the same , edward turney , william lister , esqs , sir robert dallison baronet , sir charles dallison knight , william draper , samuel p●octor , william thompson , humphrey walcot , thomas mills , maurice dalton , iohn watson , william willoughby , henry heron , marm●duke darrel , iohn ogle , anthony treadway , william skipwich , thomas browne of eastkirby ; iohn almore , mr. skinner of thornton colledge , tho. harrington , william whichcot , charles pelhamiunior , roger pelham , mr. iohn lockton , mr. iohn hobson iunior , mr. henry hall , mr. charles bawdes , mr. iohn colthurst , mr. william bishop , and mr. edward blaw , aldermen , mr. william perkins , mr. thomas mills , mr. peregrine buck , mr. william dowman , mr. thomas dickenson , mr. iohn thornton , and richard wetherel , aldermen . london . for the city of london , nicholas delves esq . benj●min albin , richard spencer . middlesex . for the county of middlesex , sir iohn robinsonbaronet , lieutenant of the tower , sir richard browne , thomas bride , thomas harrisonof south-mins , sir vvilliam bareman , lieut. col. powel , charles pitfeild esq . robert peyton , iohn iones , iohn limbrey , edward chard , richard shelton esq . vvilliam page esq . roger iennynsesq . sir heneage finch baronet his majesties sollicitor general , cheney of hackneyesq . lieut. col. powel , charles cheney of chelsey , christopher abdy esq . sir allen broadricke , iohn barton esq . westminster . for the city of vvestmiuster , and liberties thereof , gabriel beck esq . mr. graham , peter maplesden , george plunknett , thomas kirke , vvill. greene , george farewell , ralph darnall . monmouth . for the county of monmouth , vvilliam ionesof frowen esq . iames proger , charles proger . northampton . for the county of morthampton , edward onely iohn thorton , iohn vvilloughby esqs . norfolk . for the county of norfolk , george windham , robert doughty of hanworth , robert legar , esquires , henry scarborough gent. mr. john roops , mr. thomas talbot , mr. henry blackborne , gent. borough of lyn regis . for the borough of lyn regis , john bassetmajor , robert steward esq ; recorder , thomas greene , william wharton , henry bell , robert thorowgood , alderman holley . great yarmouth . for the town of great yarmouth , nicholas cutting , james simons bailiff there , sir john potts knight and baronet , sir william doyleyknight , sir thomas me●ow knight , thomas gooch , george england , john carter , nathaniel ashby , thomas lucas , iohn woodroff , iames iohnson esquires , george tilyard gent. thetford . for the whole borough and corporation of thetford , the major for the time being , john kendal gent. mr. bourage martin , maurice shelton , esquires , robert keddington gent. mr. nicholas rookwood , mr. robert wright of kilveston . newcastle upon tine . for the town and county of newcastle upon tine , sir nicholas cole knight and baronet , sir francis bows knight , sir francis anderson knight , sir iohn marley . nottingham . for the county of nottingham , francis sandi●esq ; thomas bristow , william newton , gentlemen . east-retford . for the borrough of east-retford , the bailiffs for the time being . oxon. for the county of oxon , william glyn , john west , esquires , iohn coker gent. iames herbertesq ; sir thomas tippin . university of oxford . mr. robert withers , mr. edward master , mr. david thomas , mr. gregory ballard , mr. timothy horton . the city of oxford . for the city of oxford , francis holloway , william cornish . salop. for the county of salop , charles baldwin , samuel baldwin , esquires , mr. moore of middleton , mr. bushop of the moore , benjamin buckley . stafford . for the county of stafford , thomas rudiardesq ; iohn colelough , timothy edge , gentlemen . somerset . for the county of somerset , william orangeesq ; vvilliam bacon senior , gent. iohn cridland gent. mawdley samborne , iohn carew , roger newborough , iames haise , esquires . for the city of bristol . for the city and county of the city of bristol , the major and sheriffs for the time being , iohn knight the elder , vvilliam coulston , iohn bradway , vvilliam coles . for the city of bathe . for the city of bathe , iohn vane , iohn masters , aldermen . southampton . for the county of southampton , with the town and county , mr. essex powlet , richard lucy , gabriel vvhistler , esq ; isle of wight . for the isle of vvight , thomas bowremanesq ; iohn oglander of newport gentleman . suffolk . for the county of suffolk , george vviniffe , william blumfield , esquires , mr. iohn brooke , mr. milton of ipswich , mr. edmond bedingfield , mr. francis langley , mr. thomas read , mr. rabbit of bramfield , isaac matham esquire , gardiner web gent. st. edmunds bury . for st. edmonds bury , francis smith , robert sharpe , samuel hustler . surrey . for the county of surrey , edward evelin , iohn yates , richard knipe , esquires , mr. iohn parker , sir purbeck temple , sir thomas bludworth , knights , thomas rogers , charles good-harman-atwood , esquires , iohn parker of rigate . rye in the county of sussex . for the town of rye , samuel bembrigg , iames vvelsh , thomas osmonton . worcester . for the town of worcester , sir iohn packingtonbaronet , sir rowland berkley knight , sir iohn winford knight , samuel sandys , henry townsend , iohn bearcroft , esquires , sir ralph clare , knight of the bath . worcester city . for the city and county of the city of worcester , edward soley alderman , samuel smith , thomas twitty , gentlemen , henry townsendesq ; sir william mooreton knight , humphrey tyrer , richard heming , stephen richardson , gentlemen , sir iohn packington , sir rowland berkley , sir ralph clare , sir iohn winford , samuel sandys esq ; warwick . for the county of vva●wick , listerof alveston esq . richard bishop of st●atford esq . coventry . for the city and county of the city of coventry , sir arthur caley knight , the maior of coventry for the time being , h●nry smith alman , sir richard hopkins knight , william iesson , thomas norton esqs . mr. thomas love , mathew smith , samuel snell , william ielliffe , robert beak , iames na●er aldermen . town of warwick . for the town of warwick , sir henry puckeringbaronet , sir clement throckmortonknight , 〈◊〉 rouse , nathaniel stoughton , iohn stanton esqs . lister of alveston esq . richard bishop of stra●ford . wilts . for the county of wiltes , waltes buckland , thomas mompesson , william caley esqs . mathew rayman gent. tho. hunt gent. robert chandler , robert nicholas of alcainings , william broomewichgent . samuell eyre gent. simon spatchurstesq . christopher gardiner gent. mr. francis par●y . sarum . for the city of new sarum , samuel eyre gent. symon spatchurst esq . christopher gardiner gent. anglesey . for the isle of anglesey , robert lord viscount bulkley . brecon . for the county of brecon , william iones , iohn gwyn , henry stedman , edward powell . cardigan . for the county of cardigan , iames phillips , morgan herbert , thomas ienkins , erasmus lloyde , thomas evans , henry vaughan , thomas price the elder , esquires ; thomas lloyde of yinshen , morris vaughan , iohn price , gent. thomas par●y , reighnold ienkins , iohn bowin , thomas lewis , ●●ector phillips , nic●olas lewis , vvilliam iones , abel g●●ffin , esqs ; vvactkin lloyde , iohn griffith of noyadd , gentlemen ; the major of cardig●mfor the time being , rees gwin , david morgan , aldermen . carmarthen . for the county of carmarthen , jonathan lloyde , walter lloyde , walter mansell . carnarvon . for the county of carnarvon , griffith bodurda , john lloyd●of naugwhnadale , robert wynn of conway , william vvynn of pengwoone , vvilliam thomas of carnarvon , ionathan lloyde , vvalter lloyde , vvalter mansell . denbigh . for the county of denbigh , francis manly esq ; flint . for the county of flint , ken●ick eaton , esq ; glamorgan . for the county of glamorgan , iohn price , of courtcarne , morgan morgan , esq ; mountgomery . for the county of mountgomery , vvilliam oakely , edmond vvareing of oldbury , david morrice , esqs ; iohn matthews , henry pu●sel , iohn kiffin , vvilliam price of lanligan , iohn lloyd of conway . haverford-west . for the town and county of haverford-west , sir herbert perrot , knight , vvilliam browne , alderman . rules , orders , and instructions for the discharging and paying off the navy , and other debts relating thereunto . i. the commissioners hereby appointed for disbanding of the army , and discharging the navy , shall proceed therein in manner following , viz. first they are to disband the remaining part of the army according to the former rules in that behalf made ; which done , they are then first to discharge and pay off those sixty five ships which are now out of imployment , and of them in the first place , those whose commanders , officers and seamen , have the least pay due to them ; and after them they are to pay off the men aboard those thirty six ships now in his majesties service , who entred on his pay the twenty fourth of june last . ii. that all the commanders , officers and mariners who served in person , and were in service upon any of the sixty five of his majesties ships , on the twenty fifth of april , one thousand six hundred and sixty , and have taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy , or shall take the same , when they shall be thereunto required , and have not since deserted the service , nor been discharged for misdemeanor , shall with all convenient speed have their accompts stated ( by the auditors hereafter appointed ) and thereupon receive all their arreats of their pay from the fourteenth of march one thousand six hundred fifty eight , to the day of their discharge ; and the commanders officers , and mariners of the aforesaid thirty six ships which were in service on the twenty fifth of april , one thousand six hundred and sixty , and have taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy , or shall take the same as aforesaid , and have not deserted the service , shall have their accompts stated as before , and receive their pay from the said fourteenth of march , one thousand six hundred fifty eight , until the twenty fourth of iune , one thousand six hundred and sixty next following . and the commissi●ners appointed by this act , shall upon sight of the accompts so stated as before , cause the send captains , officers and mariners wages , successively to be payed by the treasurers appointed by this act , out of the money which shall come in of the six months assessment , or any other money , heretofore appointed for the paying or disbanding the army , and discharging the navy . and if any further arrears shall be claimed and appear to be due to any such commanders , officers or mariners in service as aforesaid for service at sea , from or after the fourteenth of march , one thousand six hundred fifty seven , and to , or before the fourteenth of march , one thousand six hundred fifty and eight , that in such case the auditors hereby appointed , shall examine all such arrears , and draw up a state thereof to be presented to the next parliament in order to their satisfaction . iii. that no money be paid or allowed to any person before-mentioned for any short allowance of victuals , made or pretended to be made them , either at sea , or in harbor : and if it shall appear , that any money , clothes , goods , wares , or merchandices , have beén paid or sold by any publick minister , officer , or other person , to any commander , officer , or seaman of the aforesaid ships , upon accompt of their pay , since the fourteenth of march , one thousand six hundred fifty eight ; in such case , all the said moneys so paid , and the value of the clothes , goods , wares , and merchandices so sold and delivered within the time of their said service , shall be defaulked out of their pay aforesaid : and the sums so defaulked shall be paid by warrants of the commissioners , charged on the treasurers , unto such person and persons to whom the same of right belongeth , out of the money that shall come in of the six moneths assessment , or any other moneys heretofore appointed for paying or disbanding of the army and navy , in course next after the commanders , officers , and seamen are paid . iv. that after the accompts of the commanders , officers , and seamen are stated , then the auditors shall state the accompts of the ship-keépers : and of all officers on shore in the yards , and store-houses , at deptford , woolwich , chatham , portsmouth , harwich , and other places , to be stated from the fourteenth of march one thousand six hundred fifty eight , to the twenty fourth of june last past ; after the rates accustomed to be paid by his majesty , and according to their several capacities , at which time the said commissioners are to give them warrants , charged upon the treasurers , to pay them their several sums out of the money that shall come into their hands of the six moneths assessment , or any other money heretofore appointed , for paying or disbanding of the army and navy in course next after the common marriners , seamen , commanders , officers , and their servants , are discharged and paid , and the money from them defaulked as before , fully satisfied . v. that the said auditors shall state the accompts of the victuallers from the said fourteénth day of march , one thousand six hundred fifty eight , to the day of the several ships discharge , for as many as are out of employment as before ; and to the twenty fourth day of june , for the remaining part of the navy now in his majesties service in the winter guard , and assign them payment in course on the treasurers before-mentioned , to be paid out of the money remaining in their hands , out of the six moneths assessment , or any other money heretofore appointed for the paying or disbanding of the army and navy , next after the sums formerly ordered are paid . vi. that the auditors shall from the said fourteenth of march , one thousand six hundred fifty eight , state the accompts of all men that shall or may justly claim any money for quarters , and cures of the sick , and wounded seamen ser a shore out of his majesties ships in any town or corporation in this kingdom ; and for the quarters and cures of the sick and wounded soldiers sent over from flanders ; which being so stated , the said commissioners shall assign them their money by warrant on the treasurers , to be paid in course next after the commanders , officers , and marriners aforesaid , and the officers and ship-keépers aforesaid , are paid and satisfied . vii . that if in case any commanders , officers , or marriners , shall have died or beén discharged by ticket out of any the said ships , and their arrears of pay not satisfied : in such case the auditors shall state the accompts of the persons so dead or discharged from the said fourteénth day of march , one thousand six hundred fifty eight , to the day of their death or discharge , according to their several capacities ; and the commissioners shall thereupon give warrants upon the treasurers , by this act appointed for the payment of the sums to them , or their assigns in course , when the commanders and officers of the several ships , to which they did belong at the time of their death or discharge , and the debts for curing the sick and wounded , are satisfied . viii . that the said auditors shall also state the several accompts of all other persons , which can or may justly claim any debt to be due unto him or them , for any provision , maintenance of prisoners , goods , wares , merchandises , stores , ammunition , and other necessaries sold and delivered to any publick minister , to and for the use of the navy aforesaid , from the fourtéenth of march one thousand six hundred fifty eight , to the twenty fourth of iune one thousand six hundred and sixty , and order them payment in course , after the before mentioned sums are paid by assignation on the treasurers to be paid out of the money remaining in their hands , out of the six moneths assessment , or any other mo●eys heretofore appointed for paying or disbanding of the army and navy . ix . that for the better stating the accompts of the commanders , officers , and mariners of the said navy , and the several other accompts before recited , and hereafter mentioned , arthur sprey , william iessop , ralph darnal , samuel atkins , richard kingdon , and bartholomew fillingham esquires , and iohn walker gentleman , shall be and are hereby appointed , constituted , and authorized to audite , and cast up the accompts of the aforesaid commanders , officers , mariners , and all other mens accompts relating to the debt of the said navy as before , and shall respectively before they enter thereon , take an oath in these words following . i do swear , that to the best of my skill and judgment , i shall examine , and truly state all such accompts as shall be committed to my care and trust by the commissioners , for disbanding the army , and discharging the navy , or any three , or more of them ; and shall and will to the best of my knowledge , make true certificates of all such accompts to the said commissioners , or any three of them . so help me god. which said oath , the said commissioners , or any three of them as aforesaid , are hereby authorized to administer accordingly . which accompts so certified by the said auditors , or any two of them , then the said commissioners , or any three of them , shall have power and authority , and are nee●by authorized and impowered to issue out warrants from time to time , to the respective treasurers aforesaid , for the payment of the several sums so audited , and due as aforesaid : which warrants , together with the acquittance of the persons to whom the same is payable thereupon , shall be to the said treasurers respectively a sufficient warrant and discharge . x. that the chief officers of his majesties navy do with all convenient speed deliver unto the commissioners appointed by this act , a perfect list of the names of all the aforesaid ships that are to be discharged , and the places in which they lie ; and the names and sirnames of the commanders , officers , marriners , and common seamen to each ship belonging ; and a particular accompt of the time that every person hath served , and what money or goods every or any one of them hath received . xi . that the pursers and checks of the several ships of the navy , do from time to time when they shall be required thereunto , attend the auditors aforesaid , and deliver unto them a true and perfect accompt of all the commanders , officers , marriners , and seamen belonging to the said ships , and shall produce the original muster-book and pay-books , wherein the names of the said commanders , officers , and sea-men were entered , and give an exact accompt of what arrears is due unto them , and how and in what manner the same becomes due ; the which books and accompts , shall by the said pursers and checks be delivered upon oath , which said oath the commissioners aforesaid , or any thrée of them , are hereby ordered to administer accordingly . xii . that in case any purser shall be found to make any false muster , or shall muster any captain , officer , or mariner by a false name , or make any false ticket , such purser shall forfeit his or their respective wages , and be imprisoned the space of six moneths , and in such case the commissioners appointed by this act , or any two of them , are hereby impowred to commit them to prison accordingly . xiii . that upon discharge of any of the commanders , officers , and mariners of the navy aforesaid ; all the said commanders , officers , and mariners , shall deliver up all their respective ships , guns , masts , sayles , yards , anchors , cables , tackle , apparrel , provisions , ammunition and stores , which are in their possessions , for his majesties use , unto such person or persons , as his majesty , or the lord high admiral of england , shall appoint to receive the same ; and if any commanders , officers , or sea-men , shall refuse to be discharged , or to deliver up the stores aforesaid , or shall be found , upon due proof , to have embezled any part thereof , or do disswade others from being discharged , he or they so offending , shall forfeit all his and their arrears , and be further proceeded against , according to their demerit . xiiii . that the said commissioners , or any thrée of them as aforesaid , shall have power to nominate , appoint , and imploy such clerks , agents , messengers and servants , as shall be necessary for the said work , and to make and give to them such reasonable sallaryes , allowances and satisfactions as they shall think fit ; and also to provide all other necessaries , and to defray all other charges relating to the fame . xv. that the commissioners formerly nominated by the house of commons , and by this act continued and appointed for this service , shall have and receive for their charge and pains in and about this service , one penny in the pound , and no more , out of all such monies as shall be issued by vertue of this act ; and each of the auditors aforesaid shall receive for his pains and charges , in and about this service , the sum of twenty shillings per diem , during the continuance of this service , which the treasurers of the aforesaid monies , are hereby enabled and required to issue and pay accordingly . xvi . that the commissioners shall direct the said treasurers from time to time to grant assignations ( who are hereby required to observe the same ) for such and so many sums of money on the respective receivers or treasurers for raising money by the act aforesaid in the several counties , cities , or places , where they understand any of the said money lies , as the commissioners for disbanding the army and navy , or any threé or more of them as aforesaid , shall direct and appoint to such persons , and in such manner as the said commissioners , or any threé or more of them as aforesaid , shall direct and appoint . xvii . that the commissioners herein named , or any thrée of them , shall and are hereby authorized to call to accompt the present treasurers in this act named : and iames nelthorpe , and iohn lawson esquires , late treasurers at wars , or any other former treasurers , or commissioners of the army , or navy ; for all such sums of money , as they or any of them stand accomptable for , and to certifie the same accompts into his majesties exchequer . anno regni caroli ij. regis angliae , scotiae , franciae , & hiberniae , duo decimo . at the parliament begun at westminster the five and twentieth day of april , an. dom. 1660. in the twelfth year of the reign of our most gracious soveraign lord charles , by the grace of god , of england , scotland , france , and ireland , king , defender of the faith , &c. london , printed by iohn bill , printer to the kings most excellent majesty , 1660. cum privilegio . anno xii . caroli . ii. regis . an act for further supplying and explaining certain defects in an act , intituled , an act for the speedy provision of money for disbanding and paying off the forces of this kingdom , both by land and sea. whereas through some doubts arising upon or by negligence in the execution of one act of this present parliament , intituled , an act for the speedy provision of money for the disbanding and paying off the forces of this kingdom both by land and sea : and also of one other act , intituled , an act for supplying and explaining certain defects in the aforesaid act : the same acts do not answer the ends aforesaid , in such measure as was expected , without some further explanation of the sence thereof , and a review of the several assessments made thereby , so that some persons may not escape without payment at all , or go away at very small proportions , whilst others pay their just and full due . it is therefore enacted and declared by the kings most excellent majesty , by , and with the consent and advice of the lords and commons in parliament assembled , and by the authority of the ●ame , that all and every person and persons of the several ranks , degrées , and qualifications in the said act or acts mentioned , shall contribute and pay the several and respective sums of money therein appointed to be paid ( any pretence of e●emption , being the kings majesties servants , to the contrary notwithstanding : ) and also that every person and persons , ecclesiastical and temporal , bodies politick and corporate , shall pay for their estates , both real and personal , the sum of forty shillings for one hundred pounds per annum , and so proportionably for a greater or lesser estate , and for every hundred pounds personal estate , after the rate of five pounds per annum ; provided it extend not to estates under five pounds per annum . and to the intent the same may be equally and indifferently assessed and taxed , be it further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid , that the several commissioners in the said act named , or any three of them , within their several and respective counties , limits and precincts , shall have power to nominate and appoint two or more of the most able and discréet persons in every parish , villa● or hamlet , to review the several rates 〈◊〉 ass●ssments that have been made in their several and respective parishes , villages and hamlets . and where they shall finde that by the negligence , or default of any former assessors , any persons or estates have béen under rated , or omitted to be rated , that then they shall rate and assess all such persons and estates , so under-rated or omitted , to the full value they are to be rated and assessed at , either for their degrées , persons , or estates , by this or the former acts to that purpose made in this present parliament , or shall by the appointment at the discretion of the said commissioners make new assessments or rates , and shall return the same or their said additional rates at such places and times as the said commissioners ; or any thrée of them shall appoint . and it is further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid , that every sworn attorney , or clerk in the office of the clerk of the pipe in the exchequer ; and euery attorney belonging to the office of the lord treas●rers remembrancer , shall pay twenty nobles apéece . and be it further enacted and declared , that every barrester at law , and every other person or persons that hath or have subscribed to any deed or writing wherein he or they have béen written or entituled esquire , or that hath or have acted by vertue of any commission or pretended commission , act , or pretended acts of parliament , wherein they have before the sitting of this parliament , béen written or entituled esquire , shall pay as reputed esquires within the said acts. and to the intent that none that have or shall pay his or their due proportions . that he or they ought to pay in respect of his or their quality or degrée , may be doubly charged , every person that hath or shall pay his full proportion for his or her degrée , and quality , the same excéeding the proportion of his or her estate , real and personal , shall by certificate under the hands and seals of 〈◊〉 or more of the commissioners within the same county or precinets where such sum hath o● shall be paid , be discharged from further payment for his or her estate , so that it be particularly expressed in every such certificates where such estate lieth , and the several and respective values thereof ; so that it may appear , that his or her proportion for his or her degrée or quality doth exceed that of his or her estate ; and also where any person or persons , bodies politick or corporate , have paid , or shall pay for his , her , or their estate , in one or more counties , he or they shall by like certificate or certificates be discharged in other places for so much and such values specially mentioned to be paid in the said certificates , and no more . and be it enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid , that the said commissioners or any threé or more of them within their several precincts , shall and may have power to inquire of , hear and determine all abuses , neglects , and misdoings of all and every the assessors and collectors to be imployed by vertue of this or the said precedent acts ; and shall have power to impose any fine or fines upon them or any of them , whom they shall be well informed ( by the oath of two or more credible witnesses , which oath they or any two of them are hereby impowred to administer ) to offend from and after the twentieth day of december , one thousand six hundred and sixty , in not performing their duties in their respective employments . provided , that no such fine shall excéed the sum of five pounds for one offence ; and that such commissioners who shall set or impose such ●ine or ●ines , shall have full power by warrant under their hands and seals , to command the several constables or tythingmen , which in the several and respective places where such person or persons have their habitation or above , upon whom such fine or fines is or are imposed , to levy the same by distress upon the goods of such person or persons refusing to pay the same , and to return the overplus thereof ( if any be ) deducting also reasonable charges for taking such distress , to the owner or owners of such goods ; and every such fine shall be imployed to the same purposes as the moneys raised by the said former acts are appointed : and also in case no distress can be found or had for satisfying such fine , and in case no distress can be taken by the collectors or other officers appointed to distrain , for the taxes or assessments by vertue of the said former act or acts , that in every such default , upon complaint to the said commissioners , or any threé of them , within their several and respective limits , the said commissioners , or any thrée of them , shall have full power and authority to cause every such person from whom no distress can be had , to be committed to the next common gaol , there to remain until he hath fully satisfied and paid such sum or sums of money , which ought to be charged upon him , by vertue of this and the said former acts , without bail or main-prize . and be it further enacted and declared , that the commissioners of every county and place respectively shall make up a true accompt of the sums onely of every hundred , lath , wapentake or ward , rated and assessed by the said former acts , together with the additional sums that shall be rated by vertue of this present act severally within their several counties , limits , and precincts , without naming the particular persons or estates , and shall shew what hath been paid thereof , and to what person and persons and what hath been discharged by such certificates as are appointed by this act , and what is in arrear and upaid , and shall return the same unto his majesties court of exchequer , before the second day of march next ; and in so doing they shall not be compelled to make or return any other accompt , duplicate , or certificate . and it is further enacted and declared . that the true and full yearly value of all lands , tenements , rents , tithes , and other hereditaments , shall be rated and assessed in manner aforesaid , in the several parishes , villages , or hamlets , where the same are scituate , lying , or arising . and be it further declared , that every sum charged upon , and paid by any person , by vertue of the said former acts or either of them , by reason of estate , degrée , or quality , shall be allowed and deducted out of such further charge , as shall be imposed upon him or her , by vertue of this present act. lastly , it is enacted and declared , that whosoever is sued at law for any act done , or to be done in the due execution of this or either of the said former acts , he may plead the general issue , and give the special matter in evidence : and if the plaintiff be nonsuit , or a verdict pass against any such plaintiff or plaintiffs in any such action , the defendant shall and may recover his double costs . provided always , and be it enacted , that this act or any thing therein contained , shall not extend to any peer of this realm , in point of assessment imprisonment , distress , or otherwise , provision being made in the said first recited act , for the assessing of the said péers , by certain péers , who are therein named and appointed in that behalf . and be it further enacted , that the lord chancellor , the lord treasurer , the lord steward of his majesties houshold , lord chamberlain of his majesties houshold , the earl of northampton , lord howard of charleton , the lord roberts , the lord grey of wark , the lord craven , the lord mohun , and the lord hatton , be added to the péers named in the said first recited act for the assessing of the péers , according to the said recited act : which said lords commissioners , or any five of them , in this and the former act named , shall have power to assess , levy , and collect ; and shall assess , levy , and collect , all such sums of money as shall be assessed according to the tenor of this and the former act , upon such péers who have not paid proportionably to their estates . and be it declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid , that these persons hereafter named , shall be added commissioners for their several counties , places , and precincts respectively , and shall exercise the same power as if they had béen named in the said former acts , or either of them . berks. for the county of berks , perigrine hobby , richard harrison esqs . iohn fettiplace , of fernhamesq . burrough of new windsor . andrew plumton gent. richard fishborne gent. bucks . for the county of bucks , sir thomas hampson baronet , sir phillip palmer baronet , anthony ra●cliffe esq . cambridge . for the county of cambridge , sir thomas dayrell , iohn bennet esq . sir anthony cage , levinus bennett . for the isle of ely. for the isle of ely , roger jennings , esq . chester . for the county of chester , sir george warberton baronet , edward warren esq . jeffery shakerly esq . henry lee esq ; city of chester . for the city and county of the city of chester , the major for the time being . cornwall . for the county of cornwall , robert roberts , esq . sir william thredinham , jo●eph tredinham , thomas penhallow , the knights and burgesses that serve for the said county , and iames eirsey gent. cumberland . for the county of cumberland , anthony bouch , richard ●urial , thomas croswhat , robert vvebster . devon. for the county of devon , nicholas daviesdoctor of physick , vvilliam jennins gent. edmond tremaine , vvilliam putt , iohn kellond , vvilliam bogan , george howard , iohn kelley , vvilliam kelley , iames rodd esqs . york . for the west riding in the county of york , vvestbury norcon esq . robert vvivell esq . richard roundhill gent. vvilliam hamond esq . vvalter hawkesworth , esq . cutbert vvade . iohn ●reston gent. arthur ingram esq , edward atkin●● , vvilliam vvitham gent. samuel sonder●●nd , esq . thomas vvard gent. sir william ●●gram knight . york northriding . for the northriding in the county of york , sir william caley , arthur caley esq . william wivell esq . sir tho. gower baronet , thomas vvorsley esq . charles tankred , sir william francklyn baronet , the bailiffs of scarborough for the time being , tristram fish , robert belt , esquires , thomas robinson , thomas scudamore esquires . york . for the city and county of the city of york , all the aldermen of the city of york . for the town of kingston upon hull , george crowle . essex . for the county of essex , mr. edward glascock , mr. miles hubbert , mr. iohn smart , capt. hunter , dean tindal esq . isaac wincoll , thomas clapton , thomas peek , peter iohnson , thomas manby esqs . gloucester . for the county of gloucester , thomas freame , tho. floyde , samuel shepard , phillip shepard , vvilliam morgan , richard daston , iohn took●esqs . robert lord tracy . hereford . for the county of hereford , sir herbert parretknight , john barnaby of brookehampton esq . thomas baskervile of collington gent. john boothof hereford esq . city of hereford . for the city of hereford , thomas davies esq . major , james lawrence gent. tho. clerk gent. hertford . for the county of hertford , marmaduke rawden , iames willimott iunior gent. arras dr. of physick , richard combes esq . st. albans . for the borrough of st. albans , william foxwistesq . recorder , mr. iohn new , mr. edward eames , mr. thomas cowley senior , mr. william marston , henry conningsby , edmond smith , alban cox , richard combes esq . kent . for the county of kent , sir william mann , sir edward masters , thomas peake esq . sir tho. godfrey , the major of maydston for the time being , sir william merideth baronet , sir thomas peirce baronet , mr. richard manley , mr. thomas manley . sandwich . for sandwich , iohn verrier , peter peake gent. lancaster . for the county of lancaster , henry banister esq . ieoffry rushton gent. richard fleetwood gent. iohn molineux esq . vvilliam fife esq . sir george middleton knight and baronet , mathew richardson esq . robert heywood esq . roger stoughton of the city of london , alderman . lincoln . for the parts of linsey in the county of lincolne , edward turney , william lister , esqs , sir robert dallison baronet , sir charles dallison knight . great grimsby . for great grim●by , william draper , samuel proctor . for the parts of kestivan , william thompson , humphrey walcot . london . for the city of london , nicholas delves esq . middlesex . for the county of middlesex , sir iohn robinsonbaronet , lieutenant of the tower , sir richard browne , thomas bide , thomas harrisonof south-mims , sir vvilliam bateman , lieut. col. powel , charles pitfield esq . robert peyton , iohn iones , iohn limbrey , edward chard , richard shelton esqs . vvilliam page esq . roger genningsesq . richard meney . westminster . for the city of vvestminster , and liberties thereof , gabriel beck esq . mr. graham , peter maplesden , george plunknet , thomas ki●ke , william greene , george farewell , ralph darnell . northampton . for the county of northampton edward onely , iohn thornton , iohn vvilloughby esqs . norfolk . for the county of norfolk , george windham , robert doughty of hanworth , robert legar , esquires , henry scarborough gent. mr. john ripps , mr. thomas talbot , mr. henry black-borne , gent. borough of lyn regis . for the borough of lyn regis , john bassetmajor , robert steward esq ; recorder , thomas greene , william wharton , henry bell. great yarmouth . for the town of great yarmouth , nicholas cutting , james simonds bailiff there , sir john potts knight and baronet , sir william doyleyknight , sir thomas medow knight , thomas gooch , george england , john carter , nathaniel ashby , thomas lucas , iohn woodroff , iames iohnson esquires , george tilyard gent. thetford . for the whole borough and corporation of thetford , the major for the time being , john kendal gent. mr. bourage martin , maurice shelton , esquires , mr. robert keddington gent. mr. nicholas rookwood , mr. robert wright of kilveston . newcastle upon tine . for the town and county of newcastle upon tine , sir iohn marley . nottingham . for the town of nottingham , francis sandisesq ; thomas bristow , william newton , gentlemen . east-retford . for the borrough of east-retford , the bailiffs for the time being . oxon. for the county of oxon , william glyn , john west , esquires , iohn coker gent. iames herbertesq ; sir thomas tippin . university of oxford . mr. robert withers , mr. edward master , mr. david thomas , mr. gregory ballard , mr. timothy horton . the city of oxford . for the city of oxford , francis holloway , william cornish . salop. for the county of salop , charles baldwin , samuel baldwin , esquires , mr. moore of middleton , mr. bishop of the moore , benjamin buckley . stafford . for the county of stafford , thomas rudiardesq ; iohn colclough , timothy edge , gentlemen . somerset . for the county of somerset , william orangeesq ; vvilliam bacon senior , gent. iohn cridlandgent . mawdley samborne , iohn carew , roger newborough , iames haise , esquires . the city of bristol . for the city and county of the city of bristol , the major and sheriffs for the time being , iohn knight the elder , vvilliam coulston , iohn bradway , vvilliam cole . for the city of bathe , iohn vane , iohn masters , aldermen . southampton . for the county of southampton , with the town and county , mr. essex powlet , richard lucy , gabriel vvhistler , esqs ; isle of wight . for the isle of vvight , thomas bowreman esq ; iohn oglander of newport gentleman . suffolk . for the county of suffolk , george vviniffe , william blumfield , esquires . surrey . for the county of surrey , edward evelin , iohn yates , richard knipe , esquires , mr. iohn parker , sir purbeck temple knight , earle of ancram , henry capel . dalinahey esq . iohn farewell , doctor windebanck . for the town of rye . samuel bembrigg , iames vvelsh , thomas osmonton . coventry . for the city and county of the city of coventry , sir arthur caley knight , the major of coventry for the time being , henry smith alderman . town of warwick . for the town of warwick , sir henry puckeringbaronet , sir clement throckmortonknight , iohn rouse , nathaniel stoughton , iohn stanton esquires . wilts . for the county of wilts , waltor buckland , thomas mompesson , william caley esqs . m●tthew rayman gent. tho. hunt gent. robert challoner , robert nicholas of alcainings , william broomwichgent . samuel eyre gent. simon spatchhurstesq . christopher gardiner gent. sarum . for the city of new sarum , samuel eyre gent. simon spatchhurst esq . christopher gardiner esq . anglesey . for the isle of anglesey , robert , lord viscount bulkley . cardigan . for the county of cardigan , iames phillips , morgan herbert , thomas ienkins , erasmus lloyde , thomas evans , henry vaughan , thomas price the elder , esquires ; thomas lloyde of ymshen , maurice vaughan , iohn price gentmen . carnarvan . for the county of carnarvan , griffith bodurda , john lloyde of na●gwnnadale , robert wynn of conway , william vvynn of pengwoone , vvilliam thomas of carnarvan , ionathan lloyde , vvalter lloyde , vvalter mansell . denbigh . for the county of denbigh , francis weanly esq ; flint . for the county of flint , kenrick eaton , esq ; mountgomery . for the county of mountgomery , haverford-west . for the town and county of haverford-west , sir herbert perrot , knight , vvilliam browne , alderman . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for the raising of seventy thousand pounds for the further supply of his majesty . the commons assembled in parliament do give and grant unto your most excellent majesty , the sum of seventy thousand pounds to be raised and levyed in manner following , and do pray your majesty , that it may be enacted , & be it enacted by your most excellent majesty , by & with the advice & consent of the lords and commons in parliament assembled , that the sum of threescore and ten thousand pounds , for one month only , beginning from the first day of iuly , one thousand six hundred sixty and one , shall be assessed , taxed , collected , levied and paid in the several counties , cities , burroughs , towns , and places within england and wales , and the town of berwick upon tweede , according to the several rates , rules , and proportions , and in such manner and form , and by the same commissioners , as in and by a certain other act , passed this parliament , for raising the like sum of seventy thonsand pounds for one month only , beginning from the twenty ninth of september , one thousand six hundred and sixty , entituled an act for the speedy raising of seventy thousand pounds for the present supply of his majesty , are mentioned or referred unto and intended , which commissioners shall meet-upon or before the fifth day of iuly , one thousand six hundred sixty and one , and are hereby enabled and required to use and execute all and every the like powers and authorities , as in and by the said act are mentioned , or referred to , and intended as fully and amply , as if the same rates , rules , proportions , powers and authorities had been particularly inserted in this present act. and be it further enacted , by the authority aforesaid , that all and every the sums of money charged by this act , upon the several counties , cities , towns , burroughs and places aforesaid , shall be raised , levied , and paid into his majesties receipt of the exchequer , upon or before the first day of august , one thousand six hundred sixty one , by the several receive general , who shall be appointed by the said commissioners ; provided always , and it is hereby declared , that no mannors , lands , tenements and hereditaments , which were formerly assessed and taxed for and towards former assessments , and land-taxes , and are now in the possession or holding of his majesty , or of the queens highness , or of any ecclesiastical person or persons , or his , or their farmers and tenants , shall be exempted from the payment of the several sums of money in this act comprized , but that the said mannors , lands , tenements and hereditaments , shall be rated , assessed , and taxed for and towards the said several sums of money in this act comprized , in such manner and form as they were of late rated , taxed , and assessed for and toward the said former land-rates , any law , statute or custome to the contrary thereof , in any wise notwithstanding . provided always , that neither this act , nor any thing therein-contained , shall be drawn into example to the prejudice of the antient rights belonging to the peers of this realm . and be it declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid , that these persons hereafter named , shall be added commissioners for their several counties , places and precincts respectvely , and shall exercise the same powers as the other commissioners intended by this act , are authorized and impowred to do ; that is to say , berks. for the county of berks , peregrine hobby , richard harrison , esqs ; john fettiplace of ferne●amesq ; and samuel woodcox . borrough of new windsor . for the borrough of new windsor , andrew plumpton , richard firshburne , gent. bucks . for the county of bucks , william tirringham esq ; sir thomas hampson baronet , sir philip palmer baronet , thomas ratcliff esq ; cambridge . for the county of cambridge , sir thomas dayrell , john bennet esq ; sir anthony cage , levinus benner . isle of ely. for the isle of ely , roger jennings esq ; chester . for the county of chester , sir george warburton baronet , edward warren , jeffery shakerley , henry leigh , esqs ; city of chester . for the city and county of the city of chester , the major for the time being . cornwal . for the county of cornwal , robert roberts esq ; sir william tredinham , joseph tredinham , thomas penhallow , the knights and burgesses that serve for the said county , and iames eirsey gent. the major of lostwithel for the time being , iohn mollesworth esq william williams of trenythen . cumberland . for the county of cumberland , mr. anthony bouch , mr. richard uriell , mr. thomas croswhat , mr. robert webster . devon. for the county of devon , nicholas daviesdoctor of physick , william jennens gent. edmond tremayne , william putt , john kellond , william bogan , george howard , iohn kelly , iames rodd esquires , walter jago , francis drew , esq ; william walrond esq ; john blagdon gent. iohn hamm gent. henry newte . york . for the west-riding in the county of york , welbury norton , robert wivell esquires , richard roundhil gent. william hamond , walter hawksworth esquires , cuthbert wade , iohn preston gent. arthur ingram esq ; edward atkinson , william witham gent. samuel sunderlandesq ; thomas ward gent. sir william ingram knight , sir john goodrick baronet , sir tho. wentworth , sir edward rodes , knights , godfrey copley of ●p●otsbrough , john clayton , ioshua horton , thomas stringer esqs . the alderman of leedes for the time being . york northriding . for the northriding in the county of york , sir william caley , arthur caley esq . william wivell esq . sir tho. gower baronet , thomas vvorsley , charles tankred csqs . sir william francklyn baronet , the bailiffs of scarboroughfor the time being , tristram fish , robert belt , esqs . tho. robinson , thomas scudamore esqs . york city . for the city and county of the city of york , all the aldermen of the city of york . kingston upon hull . for the town of kingston upon hull , mr. george crowle . essex . for the county of essex , mr. edward glascock , mr. miles hubbert , mr. iohn smart , capt. hunter , dean tindal esq . isaac wincall , thomas clopton , thomas peek , peter iohnson , thomas manby esqs . glocester . for the county of glocester , thomas freame , tho. floyde , samuel sheppard , phillip sheppard , vvilliam morgan , richard daston , iohn tookeesqs . robert lord tracy , thomas morgan esq . sir nicholas throckmorton knight , vvilliam bromage gent. vvilliam vvinter of dimmockgent . richard matchen gent. iohn winnyatgent . thomas aylway gent. hereford . for the county of hereford , sir herbert parretknight , john barnaby of brookehampton esq . thomas baskervile of collington gent. john boothof hereford esq . city of hereford . for the city of hereford , thomas davies esq . major , james lawrence gent. tho. clerk gent. hertford . for the county of hertford , marmaduke rawden , iames willimott iunior gent. thomas a●asdr . of physick , richard combes esq . sir robert io●lyn knight , thomas coppin , edward briscoe , iohn halsie esqs . mr. fetherston of blackeswere , edward brograve , ralph gore , thomas brograve , edward cason , thomas bonest , henry becher , henry chancey , george bromley , alexander meade , iohn crouch , iames willimott iunior , george poyner gent. iohn iesson esq . sir edward alston knight . st. albans . for the borrough of st. albans , william foxwistesq . recorder , mr. iohn new , mr. edward eames , mr. thomas cowley senior , mr. william marston , sir henry conningsby , edmond smith , alban cox , richard combes esq . thom. marsto●gent . kent . for the county of kent , sir willi●m mann , sir edward masters , thomas peake esq . sir tho. god●rey , the major of maydston for the time being , sir william merideth baronet , sir thomas peirse baronet , mr. richard manley , mr. thomas manley . sandwich . for the town of sandwich , iohn verrier , peter peke gent. lancaster . for the county of lancaster , henry banisteresq . ieoffry rushton gent. richard fleetwoodgent . iohn molineux esq . vvilliam fife esq . sir george middleton knight and baronet , mathew richardson esq . robert heywood esq . roger stowton of the city of london , thomas butler , richard farrington , vvilliam vvall , william turner , henry brabin , vvilliam hodgkensongent . lincoln . for the county of lincoln , and city and county of the same , edward turney , william lister , esqs , sir robert dallison baronet , sir charles dallison knight , william draper , samuel proctor , william thompson , humphrey walcot , thomas mills , michael dalton , iohn watson , william willoughby , henry heron , marmaduke darrel , iohn ogle , anthony treadway , william skipwith , thomas browne of eastkirby , iohn almore , mr. skinner of thornton colledge , tho. harrington , william whichcot , charles pelhamiunior , roger pelham , mr. iohn lockton , mr. iohn hobson iunior , mr. henry hall. mr. charles pawdes , mr. iohn colthurst , mr. william bishop , and mr. edward blaw , aldermen , mr. william perkins , mr. thomas mills , mr. peregrine buck , mr. william dowman , mr. thomas dickenson , mr. iohn thornton , and richard wetherel , aldermen . london . for the city of london , nicholas delves esq . benjamin albin , richard spencer . middlesex . for the county of middlesex , sir iohn robinsonbaronet , lieutenant of the tower , sir richard browne , thomas bide , thomas harrisonof south-mins , sir vvilliam bateman , lieut. col. powel , charles pitfield esq . robert peyton , iohn iones , iohn limbrey , edward chard , richard shelton esqs . vvilliam page esq . roger iennynsesq . sir heneage finch baronet , his majesties sollicitor general , cheney of hackneyesq . lieut. col. powel , charles cheney of chelsey , christopher abdy esq . sir allen broadricke , iohn barton esq . westminster . for the city of vvestminster , and liberties thereof , gabriel beck esq . mr. glaham , peter maplesden , george plunknet , thomas kirke , vvill. greene , george farewell , ralph darnell . monmouth . for the county of monmouth , vvilliam ionesof frowen esq . iames proger , charles proger . northampton . for the county of northampton , edward onely , iohn thorton , iohn vvilloughby esqs . norfolk . for the county of norfolk , george windham , robert doug●ty of hanworth , robert legat , esquires , henry scarborough gent. mr. john kepps , mr. thomas talbot , mr. henry blackborne , gent. borough of lyn regis . for the borough of lyn regis , john bassetmajor , robert steward esq ; recorder , thomas greene , william wharton , henry bell , robert thorowgood , alderman holley . great yarmouth . for the town of great yarmouth , nicholas cutting , james simonds bailiff there , sir john potts knight and baronet , sir william doyley knight , sir thomas me●ow knight , thomas gooch , george england , john carter , nathaniel ashby , thomas lucas , iohn woodroff , iames iohnson esquires , george tilyard gent. theftford . for the whole borough and corporation of theftford , the major for the time being , john kendal gent. mr. bourage m●rtin , maurice helton , esquires , robert keddington gent. mr. nicholas rookwood , mr. robert wright of kilveston . newcastle upon tine . for the town and county of newcastle upon tine , sir iohn marley , sir nicholas cole knight , and baronet , sir francis bows knight , sir francis anderson knight . nottingham . for the county of nottingham , francis sandisesq ; thomas bristow , william newton , gentlemen . east-retford . for the borrough of east-retford , the bailiffs for the time being . oxon. for the county of oxon , william glyn , john west , esquires , iohn coker gent. iames herbert esq ; sir thomas tippin . university of oxford . mr. robert withers , mr. edward master , mr. david thomas , mr. gregory ballard , mr. timothy horton . the city of oxford . for the city of oxford , francis holloway , william cornish . salop. for the county of salop , charles baldwin , samuel baldwin , esquires , mr. moore of middleton , mr. bishop of the moore , benjamin buckley . stafford . for the county of stafford , thomas rudiardesq ; iohn colclough , timothy edge , gentlemen . somerset . for the county of somerset , william orangeesq ; vvilliam bacon senior , gent. iohn oridland gent. mawdley samborne , iohn c●rew , roger newborough , iames haise , esquires . for the city of bristol . for the city and county of the city of bristol , the major and sheriffs for the time being , iohn knight the elder , vvilliam coulston , iohn bradway , vvilliam coles . for the city of bathe . for the city of bathe , iohn peirce , iohn masters , aldermen . southampton . for the county of southampton , with the town and county , mr. essex powlet , richard lucy , gabriel vvhistler , ess isle of wight . for the isle of vvight , thomas bowremanesq ; iohn oglander of newport gentleman . suffolk . for the county of suffolk , george vviniffe , william blumfield , esquires , mr. iohn brooke , mr. milton of ipswich , mr. edmond bedingfield , mr. francis langley , mr. thomas read , mr. rabbit of bramfield , isaac motham esquire , gardiner web gent. st. edmonds bury . for st. edmonds bury , francis smith , robert sharpe , samuel hustler . surrey . for the county of surrey , edward evelin , iohn yates , richard knipe , esquires , mr. iohn parker , sir purbeck temple , sir thomas bludworth , knights , thomas rogers , charles good-harman-atwood , esquires , iohn parker of rigate . rye in the county of sussex . for the town of rye , samuel bembrigg , iames vvelsh , thomas osmonton . worcester . for the county of worcester , sir iohn packingtonbaronet , sir rowland berkley knight , sir iohn winford knight , samuel sandys , henry townsend , iohn bearcroft , esquires , sir ralph clare , knight of the bath . worcester city . for the city and county of the city of worcestor , edward soley alderman , samuel smith , thomas twitty , gentlemen , henry townsendesq ; sir william mooreton knight , humphrey tyrer , richard heming , stephen richardson , gentlemen , sir iohn packington , sir rowland berkley , sir ralph clare , sir iohn winford , samuel sandys esq ; warwick . for the county of vvarwick , listerof alveston esq . richard bishop of stratford esq . coventry . for the city and county of the city of coventry , sir arthur caley knight , the major of coventry for the tune being , henry smith alderman , sir richard hopkins knight , william iesson , thomas norton esqs . mr. thomas love , mathew smith , samuel snell , william ielliffe , robert beak , iames nailer aldermen . town of warwick . for the town of warwick , sir henry puckeringbaronet , sir clement throckmortonknight , iohn rouse , nathaniel stoughton , iohn stanton esqs . lister of alveston esq . richard bishop of stratford . wilts . for the county of wilts , walter buckland , thomas mompesson , william caley esqs . mathew rayman gent. tho. hunt gent. robert chandler , robert nicholas of alcainings , william broomewichgent . samuel eyre gent. simon spatchhurstesq . christopher gardiner gent. mr. francis parry . sarum . for the city of new sarum , samuel eyre gent. simon spatchhurst esq . christopher gardiner gent. anglesey . for the isle of anglesey , robert lord viscount bulkley . cardigan . for the county of cardigan , iames phillips , morgan herbert , thomas ienkins , erasmus lloyde , thomas evans , henry vaughan , thomas price the elder , esquires ; thomas lloyde of yinshen , morris vaughan , iohn price gentmen , tho parry , reighnold ienkins , iohn bowin , thomas lewis , hector phillips , nicholas lewis , vvilliam iones , abel griffin , esqs , vvactkin lloyde , iohn 〈◊〉 of noyadd , gentlemen ; the major of cardiganfor the time being , rees gwin , david morgan , aldermen . carmarthen . for the county of carmarthen , jonathan lloyde , walter lloyde , walter mansell . carnarvon . for the county of carnarvon , griffith bodurda , john lloyde of nangwimadale , robert wynn of conway , william vvynn of pengwoone , vvilliam thomas of carnarvon , ionathan lloyde , vvalter lloyde , vvalter mansell . denbigh . for the county of denbigh , francis manlyesq ; flint . for the county of flint , kenrick eaton , esq ; glamorgan . for the county of glamorgan , iohn price , of courtcarne , morgan morgan , esq ; mountgomery . for the county of mountgomery , vvilliam oakely , edmond vvareing , david morrice , esqs ; iohn matthews , henry pursel , iohn kiffin , vvilliam price of lanligan , iohn lloyd of conway . haverford-west . for the town and county of haverford-west , sir herbert perrot , knight , vvilliam browne , alderman . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for the attainder of several persons guilty of the horrid murther of his late sacred majestie king charles the first . in all humble manner shew unto your most excellent majestie , your majesties most dutifull and loyall subjects the lords and commons in parliament assembled , that the horrid and execrable murther of your majesties royal father , our late most gracious soveraign charles the first , of ever blessed and glorious memory , hath been committed by a party of wretched men , desperately wicked , and hardened in their impiety , who having first plotted and contrived the ruine and destruction of this excellent monarchy , and with it of the true , reformed protestant religion which had been so long protected by it and flourished under it , found it necessary in order to the carrying on of their pernicious and traiterous designs , to throw down all the bullwarks and fences of law , and to subvert the very being and constitution of parliament , that so they might at last make their way open for any further attempts upon the sacred person of his majesty himself ; and that for the more easie effecting thereof , they did first seduce some part of the then army into a compliance , and then kept the rest in subjection to them , partly for hopes of preferment , and chiefly for fear of losing their imployments and arrears ; until by these , and other more odious arts and devices , they had fully strengthened themselves , both in power and faction ; which being done , they did declare against all manner of treaties with the person of the king , even then while a treaty by advice of both houses of parliament was in being , remonstrate against the houses of parliament for such proceedings , seize upon his royal person while the commissioners were returned to the house of parliament with his answer , and when his concessions had been voted a ground for ●eace , seize upon the house of commons , seclude and imprison some members , force out others , and there being left but a small remnant of their own creatures ( not a tenth part of the whole ) did seek to shelter themselves by this weak pretence , under the name and authority of a parliament , and in that name labo●red to prosecute what was yet behinde and unfinished of their long intended treason and con●piracy ; 〈…〉 p●●pose they prepared an ordinance for erecting la w●d●gious and unheard of tribunal , which they called an high court of justices , for t●yal of his majesty ; and having easi● procur●● it to pass in their house of commons , as it then stood moulded , ventured to send it up from thence to the peers then sitting , who totally rejected it ; whereupon their rage and fury increasing , they presume to pass it alone as an act of the commons , and in the name of the commons of england ; and having gained the pretence of law , made by a power of their own making , pursue it with all possible force and cruelty , until at last , upon the thirtieth day of january , one thousand six hundred forty and eight , his sacred majesty was brought unto a scaffold , and there publickly murthered before the gates of his own royal palace ; and because by this horrid action the protestant religion hath received the greatest wound and reproach , and the people of england the most insupportable shame and infamy that it was possible for the enemies of god and the king to bring upon uswhilst the fanatick rage of a few miscreants ( who were as far from being true protestants , as they were from being true subjects ) stands imputed by our adversaries to the whole nation : we therefore your majesties said dutiful and loyal subjects , the lords and commons in parliament assembled , do hereby renounce , abominate , and protest against that impious fact , the execrable murther , and most unparallel● treason committed against the sacred person and life of our said late soveraign , your majesties most royal father , and all proceedings tending thereunto : and do beseech your most excellent majesty that it may be declared , and be it hereby declared , that by the undoubted and fundamental laws of this kingdom , neither the peers of this realm , nor the commons , nor both together in parliament , or out of parliament , nor the people collectively or presentatively , nor any other persons whatsoever ever had , have , hath , or ought to have any coercive power over the persons of the kings of this realm ; and for the better vindication of our selves to posterity , and as a lasting monument of our otherwise inexpressible detestation and abhorrency of this vilanous and abominable fact , we do further beseech your most excellent majesty , that it may be enacted , and be it hereby enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , by and with the advice and consent of the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , that every thirtieth day of january , unless it falls out to be upon the lords day , and then the day next following , shall be for ever hereafter set apart to be kept and observed in all the churches and chappels of these your majesties kingdoms of england and ireland , dominion of wales , and town of berwick upon twede , and the iues of jersey and guernsey , and all other your majesties dominions , as an anniversary day of fasting and humiliation , to implore the mercy of god , that neither the guilt of that sacred and innocent ●●oud , one those other sins by which god was provoked to deliver up both us and our king into the hands of cruel and unreasonable men , may at any time hereafter be visited upon us or our posterity . and whereas oliver cromwel deceased , henry ireton deceased , john bradshaw deceased , and thomas pride deceased , john l●sle , william say , sir hardress waller , valentine wauton , thomas harrison , edward whally , william heveningham , isaac pennington , henry martin , john barkstead , gilbert millington , edmond ludlow , sir michael livesey , robert tichborne , owen rowe , robert lilborne , adrian scroop , john okey , john h●wson , william goffe , cornelius holland , thomas challoner , john carew , carew , john jones , miles corbet , henry smith , gregory clement , thomas wogan , edmond harvy , thomas scot , william cawley , john downes , nicholas love , vincent potter , augustine garland , john dixwell , george fleetwood , simon meyne , james temple , peter temple , daniel blagrave , thomas waite , john cooke , andrew broughton , edward dendy , william hewlet , hugh peters , francis hacker , daniel axtel , are notoriously known to have been wicked and active instruments in the prosecution and compassing that trayterous murther of his late majesty , for which the said sir hardress waller , thomas harrison , william heveningham , isaac pennington , henry martin , gilbert millington , robert tichborne , owen rowe , robert lilborne , adrian scroop , john carew , john jones , henry smith , gregory clement , edmond harvy , thomas scot , john downes , vincent potter , augustine garland , george fleetwood , simon meyne , james temple , peter temple , thomas waite , john cook , william hewlet , hugh peters , francis hacker , and daniel axtell , have already received their tryal at law , and by verdict , or their own confession , have been convicted , and by iudgement of law thereupon had , do now stand duely and legally attainted ; of whom , ten persons , that is to say , thomas harrison , adrian scroop , john carew , john jones , thomas scot , gregory clement , john cook , hugh peters , francis hacker , and daniel axtell , have most deservedly suffered the pains of death , and been executed according to law ; and the said john lisle , william say , valenti●e wauton , edward whally , john barkstead , edmond ludlow , sir michael livesey , john okey , john hewson , william goffe , cornelius holland , thomas challoner , miles corbet , william cawley , nicholas love , john dixwell , daniel blagrave , andrew broughton , and edward dendy , are fled from iustice ; not daring to abide a legal tryal : may it therefore please your maiesty that it may be enacted , and be it enacted by authority of this present parliament , that the said oliver cromwell deceased , henry ireton deceased , john bradshaw deceased , and thomas pride deceased , shall by vertue of this act , be adjudged to be convicted and attainted of high treason , to all intents and purposes , as if they , and every of them respectively had been attainted in their lives : and also that john lisle , william say , valentine wauton , edward whally , john barkstead , edmond ludlow , sir michael livesey , john okey , john hewson , william goffe , cornelius holland , thomas challoner , william cawley , miles corbet , nicholas love , john dixwell , daniel blagrave , andrew broughton , edward dendy , and every of them , stand and be adjudged , and by authority of this present act convicted and attainted of high treason ; and that all and every the mannors , messnages , lands , tenements , rents , reversions , remainders , possessions , rights , conditions , interests , offices , fees , annuities , and all other the hereditaments , leases for years , chattels real , and other things of that nature , whatsoever they be , of them the said oliver cromwell , henry ireton , john bradshaw , thomas pride , john lisle , william say , valentine w●uton , edward whally , john barkstead , edmond ludlow , sir michael livesey , john okey , john hewson , william goffe , cornelius holland , thomas challoner , william cawly , miles corbet , nicholas love , john dixwell , daniel blagrave , andrew broughton , edward dendy , thomas harrison , adrian scroop , john carew , john jones , thomas scot , gregory clement , hugh peters , francis hacker , iohn cook , daniel axtell , sir hardress waller , william heveningham , isaac pennington , henry martin , gilbert millington , robert tichborne , owen rowe , robert lilborne , henry smith , edmond harvy , iohn downs ▪ vincent potter , augustine garland , george fleetwood , simon meyne , iames temple , peter temple , thomas wayte , which they , or any of them , or any other person or persons , to their or any of their uses , or in trust for them , or any of them , had the five and twentieth day of march , in the year of our lord , one thousand six hundred forty and six , or at any time since , shall stand and be forfeited unto your majesty , your heirs and successors , and shall be deemed , vested , and adjudged to be in the actual and real possession of your majesty , without any office or inquisition thereof hereafter to be taken or found : and also , that all and every the goods , debts , and other the chattels personal whatsoever , of them the said oliver cromwell , henry ireton , iohn bradshaw , thomas pride , whereof at the time of their respective deaths , they , or any of them , or any other in trust for them or any of them , stood possessed in law or equity , and all the goods , debts , and other the chattels personal whatsoever of them the said iohn lisle , william say , valentine wauton , edward whalley , john barkstead , edmond ludlow , sir michael livesey , john okey , john hewson , william goffe , cornelius holland , thomas challoner , william cawly , miles corbet , nicholas love , john dixwell , andrew broughton , edward dendy , thomas harrison , adrian scroope , john carew , john jones , thomas scot , gregory clement , hugh peters , francis hacker , iohn cook , daniel axtell , sir hardress waller , william heveningham , isaac pennington , henry martin , gilbert millington , robert tichborne , owen rowe , robert lilborne , henry smith , edmond harvy , iohn downs , vincent potter , augustine garland , george fleetwood , simon meyne , iames temple , peter temple , thomas wayte , whereof upon the eleventh day of february , one thousand six hundred fifty nine , they or any of them , or any other in trust for them or any of them , stood possessed either in law or equity , shall be deemed and adjudged to be forfeited unto , and are hereby vested , and put into the actual and real possession of your majesty , without any further office or inquisition thereof hereafter to be taken or found . provided always , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that no conveyance , assurance , grant , bargain , sale , charge , lease , assignment of lease , grants and surrenders by copy of court-roll , estate , interest , trust , or limitation of any vse or vses of or out of any manors , lands , tenements , or hereditaments , not being the lands nor hereditaments of the late king , queen or prince , or of any archbishops , bishops , deans , deans and chapters , nor being lands or hereditaments sold or given for the delinquency , or pretended delinquency of any person or persons whatsoever , by vertue or pretext of any act , order , ordinance , or reputed act , order or ordinance since the first day of ianuary , one thousand six hundred forty and one , nor any statute , iudgement or recognizance , had , made , acknowledged or suffered to any person or persons , bodies politick or corporate , before the twenty ninth day of september , one thousand six hundred fifty nine , by any of the offenders before in this act ▪ mentioned , or their heirs , or by any other person or persons claiming by , from , or under them or any of them , other then the wife or wives , childe or children , heir or heirs of such person or persons , or any of them , for money bona fide , to them or any of them paid or lent , nor any conveyance , assurance , grant or estate made before the twenty fifth of april one thousand six hundred and sixty , by any person or persons to any of the offenders aforesaid in trust ; and for the benefit of any other person or persons not being any of the offenders aforesaid , or in trust for any bodies politick or corporate , shall be impeached , defeated , made void or frustrated hereby , or by any of the convictions and attainders aforesaid ; but that the same shall be held and enjoyed by the purchasers , grantees , lessees , assigns , cestuy que usu , cestuy que trust , and every of them , their heirs , executors , administrators and assigns respectively , as if this act had not been made , and as if the said offenders had not been by this act , or by any other course or proceedings of law convicted or attainted ; so as the said conveyances , and all and every the grants and assurances which by vertue of this act , are , and ought to be held and enjoyed as aforesaid , shall before the first of ianuary , which shall be in the year of our lord , one thousand six hundred sixty and two , be entred and enrolled of record in his majesties court of exchequer , and not otherwise ; any thing in this act herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding . provided always , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that all and singular the mannors , lands , tenements and hereditaments , which at any time heretofore were the lands and possessions of henry late marquess of worcester , and edward now marquess of worcester , and henry lord herbert , son and heir apparent of the said edward marquess of worcester , or any of them ; whereof or wherein the said oliver cromwell , or any other person or persons in trust for him , or to his use , or any other the persons attainted by this act , or otherwise , or any person or persons in trust for them or any of them , had or claimed , or pretended to have any estate , right , title , possession or interest , at any time before or since the decease of the said oliver cromwell , shall be , and hereby are vested and setled in , and shall be held and enjoyed by the said marquess of vvorcester , and the said henry lord herbert , in such manner and form , and for such estate and estates , with such powers and priviledges as they formerly had in the same respectively ; any thing in this present act contained , or any act , conveyance or assurance heretofore made or acknowledged by the said edward marquess of vvorcester , and henry lord herbert or either of them , unto the said oliver cromwell , or any other person or persons in trust for , or to the use of the said oliver cromwell , or any act or conveyance made or done by the said oliver cromwell , or by any in trust for him , to any person whatsoever , to the contrary notwithstanding . saving always to all and every person and persons , bodies politick and others , their respective heirs , successors , executors and administrators , all such right , title and interest in law and equity , which they or any of them have or ought to have , of , into , or out of any the premisses , not being in trust for any the said offenders , nor derived by , from or under the said offenders , since the twenty fifth day of march , which was in the year of our lord , one thousand six hundred forty six ; and that they the said person and persons , bodies politick , and other their respective heirs , successors , executors and administrators , and every of them , in all and every such case where his and their entry was lawful , upon such offender or offenders , or the heirs or assigns of such offender or offenders , in or upon the said twenty fifth day of march , one thousand six hundred forty and six , or at any time since , may without petition , monstrans de droyt , onster le maine , or other suit to his majesty , enter on the premisses in his majesties possession , or in the possession of his successors and patentees , their heirs or assigns , in such manner to all intents , as he or they might have done on the possession of the said offenders , their heirs or assigns , in or upon the said twenty fifth day of march , or at any time since ; any thing in this act to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding . provided also , that all and every person and persons which have received any of the rents or mean profits , of , in , or out of any the lands , tenements and hereditaments , chattels real , or possessions of any the offender or offenders in this act mentioned , before the eleventh day of february , one thousand six hundred fifty and nine , and have paid or accounted for the same before the said eleventh day of february , one thousand six hundred fifty and nine , unto the said offender or offenders , or their assigns , or to any claiming from or under them , shall be clearly and for ever acquitted and discharged of and from the same , against the kings majesty , his heirs and successors , any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding . provided always , that it shall and may be lawful to and for richard ingoldsby to retain and keep , or otherwise to sell and dispose all and singular the goods and chattels formerly belonging to sir hardress waller , in the kingdom of ireland , until two thousand pounds , for which the said richard ingoldsby in the year one thousand six hundred fifty eight , stood joyntly bound with the said six hardress waller , unto iames brooks of the city of york , alderman , and was then counter-secured by a iudgement upon his lands , and since by a deed of bargain and sale of the said goods and chattels in ireland , be fully paid , together with the interest thereof ; he the said richard ingoldsby accounting for , and paying the full overplus thereof , if any shall be , unto our soveraign lord the king ; any thing herein before contained to the contrary notwithstanding . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for confirmation of leases and grants from colledges and hospitals . whereas since the beginning of the late troubles , divers masters , provosts , presidents , wardens , governours , rectors , principals , and other heads , fellows , and scholars of colledges , halls , or houses of learning , in either of the vniversities of oxford and cambridge , and the dean , canons and prevends of the cathedral or collegiat church or colledge of christ-church in the vniversity of oxford , and provest , warden , or other head-officer , and fellows or scholars of the ●olledges of eaton and winchester , and masters and governors , brethren , brothers and sisters of divers hospitals have been amoved ejected or sequestred by the lords and commons assem●led in parliament , or by certain visitors by them appointed , or by some conventions sitting at westminster under the name or stile of a parliament , or by some authority or pretence of authority derived from them or the late pretended and usurped powers , stiled keepers of the liberty of e●gland by authority of parliament , or protectors of the common-wealth of england scotland , and ireland , and the dominion or dominions and territories thereunto belonging . and whereas also after these amotions , ejections or sequestrations , several other persons have been either by election of the said colledges , halls , houses of learning , church or hospitals , or by some of the powers or pretended powers above mentioned placed and substituted in these masterships , headships , fellowships deanary , canories , prebendaries , governorships and other places aforesaid , who have actually exercised the same places and been de facto masters , provosts presidents , wardens , governours , rectors , principals and other heads , fellows , scholars , brethren , brothers and sisters , dean canons or prebends of such respective colledges , halls houses of learning , hospitals , cathedrall church or places , and have made divers grants by copy of court-roll , and leases and licences to let or assign grants and presentations to , and elections of divers persons , re-entries for non-payment of rent or breach of conditions , whereupon divers questions may in time to come arise . for prevention whereof , it is enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , with the advice and assent of the lords and commons in parliament assembled , and by authority of the same , that all grants by copy of court-roll , and leases and licences of setting and assigning grants and presentations ; and all elections of heads , masters , fellows , scholars , students and officers of the said ●olledges , halls , church , & houses of learning and hospitals aforesaid , into dead or other places then or since vacant , receipts and acquittances of rents incurred , entries for forfeitures or conditions broken , had made or given since the five and twentieth day of march in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred forty two , and before the five and twentieth day of july in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred and sixty , by any such masters , provosts , presidents , wardens , governors , rectors , principalls and other heads de facto of the said colledges , halls and houses of learning , and fellows , and scholars de facto of the same respectively in either of the said vniversities , or dean and canons or prebends de facto of christ church aforesaid , or master , provost or warden and fellows de facto of the colledges of eaton or winchester , or by such master , warden or governors de facto , or master , warden or governors , brethren brothers or sisters de facto of any hospital , by whatsoever particular name or stile of foundation the said colledges , church , hospitals , masters , governors , fellows , deans and canons , or prebends are stiled , founded , known or incorporated , and all leases granted by the master , warden , brethren , brothers or sisters of any hospitals of the patronage of any bishop , dean , or dean and chapter , and all surrenders to them made to inable such leases , grants and presentations , shall stand and be of the same and no other force and effect , as if the said masters , provosts , presidents , wardens , governors , rectors , principals , heads , fellows , scholars , dean , canons , prebends , brethren , brothers or sisters had been such de jure , and duly and de jure intituled in and to the said colledges , halls , houses of learning , church , hospitals , offices or places respectively , and as if such leases granted by the master & brethren of any hospital of the patronage of any bishop , dean or chapter had been confirmed by the said bishop , dean or chapter ; and that notwithstanding such defect in the said lessors or grantors , & notwithstanding the restitution of any of the persons so ejected , the rents , covenants and conditions contained in such leases and grants shall go in succession , as if such lessors or grantors had been de jure masters , provosts , presidents , wardens , governors , reetors , principals , heads , fellows , scholars , dean , canons , prebends , brethren , brothers and sisters of such colledges , halls , houses of learning , church , hospitals and places respectively ; any former law , custome or statute to the contrary notwithstanding . provided alwayes and be it enacted , that nothing in this acc contained do or shall extend to the confirming or making good of any lease or leases of any parcel or parcels of lands , tenements , pastures , houses , orchards , gardens or barns , or any of the possessions of or belonging to the hospitall of saint john baptist and the evangelist in the town of northhampton , made between the first day of september in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred fifty & five , and the five and twentieth day of july in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred fifty and eight , by the pretended master george g●odman and his co-brethren of the aforesaid hospital , by colour of any pretended grant or patent whatsoever , or notwithstanding the seal of the said hospital or corporation was to them or any of them set or affixed . provided alwayes , that this act or any thing therein contained , shall not extend to make good in law or equity any lease or leases made by simon moore clerk , late master or pretended master of the hospitall of saint oswald in the county of worcester , of any the lands , tenements and hereditaments of or belonging to the said hospital , to richard moore son of the said simon moore , or to any of the children or grand children of the said simon moore , or to any other person or persons in trust or for the use or uses of the said simon moore , or his wife , children or grandchildren , or any or either of them . provided alwayes , that no person or persons shall be confirmed in any mastership , provostship , headship , fellowship , or chaplains place in any colledge or hall in either of the vniversities of oxford or cambridge , or in the colledges of eaton and winchester , that is not ordained minister by bishops or presbyters ( or being ordained , hath since renounced his ordination ) where by the local statutes of the said respective colledges or halls ordination is required . provided alwayes , and be it enacted , that this act shall not extend to confirm any lease or leases of the rectories and parsonages of randall and littlecoates in the county of lincolne , which have long since been in the tenure or occupation of john lord culpeper , as by several leases under the seal of the master and fellows of the colledge of the holy and undivided trinity within the town and vniversity of cambridge of king henry the eights foundation may appear , and are now leased over the head of the said john lord culpeper the antient tenant , to one john west , though according to usage he claimed to renew his lease three years before the expiration thereof at the usual fines or more . but that the said john lord culpeper , his executors or administrators , reimbursing the said new tenant or lessee so much money as hath been really paid to the said colledge for the fine for such lease , they shall be admitted to renew the said lease for the said fine . provided alwayes , that whereas doctor owen late reputed dean , and the chapter of the cathedral church of christ in oxon of the foundation of king henry the eight , by their indenture dated the seventh day of august , in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred fifty seven , did lease and demise unto john arthur clerk , thomas bromefield of london esquire , and laurence marsh of darking in the county of surry esquire , certain tyths and lands parcel of the mannor and parsonage of kirkham in the county of lancast●r , and by several other indentures did lease and demise unto several other persons many other parts and portions of the said parsonage of kirkham ( which had long been in the tenure or occupation of thomas clifton esquire and his ancestors , by severall successive leases under the abbot and covent of vale royal , and the colledge of christ church aforesaid respectively ) for severall terms of years yet unexpired : be it enacted and ordained , that thomas clifton now of litham in the county of lancaster esquire , his executors and administrators , ( paying the several and respective rents reserved unto the said colledge , and securing unto the said john arthur , thomas bromefield , and laurence marsh , or the survivors or survivor of them , or the executors or executor of the survivor of them , for the uses in the said lease expressed and not otherwise , out of the premisses , the yearly summ of four hundred pounds , to be paid half yearly by equall portions , for the terme of eleven years next ensuing , and reimbursing unto the said several other lessees respectively or their respective assigns so much money as was by them respectively and truly paid for their respective fines , ) shall have and enjoy the said several demised premisses for the residue of the said several termes of years yet to come , as if the said several leases made unto them the said john arthur , thomas bromfeild , and laurence marsh , and unto the said severall other persons as aforesaid , had been legally made unto the said thomas clifton by a lawfull deane and chapter , this act or any other thing to the contrary notwithstanding . provided alwayes , that this act or any thing therein contained , shall not extend to confirm the election of any head , fellow , scholar or chaplain of any colledge or hall in either of the vniversities , that upon any other ground besides the want of episcopal ordination , is or was not capable of being elected into such place or places by the statures of the said colledge or hall , into which he or they were chosen . provided also , that this act or any thing therein contained , shal not extend to prejudice the title of any person or persons , who by letters patents under the great seal since the first day of may , and before the twenty sixth of august one thousand six hundred and sixty , have obtained from his majesty any grant of any deanery , headship of any house , rectorshiy of any colledge , canons place , prebendary , fellowship or scholarship within either of the vniversities , or the colledges of eaton , westminster , or winchester ; but that all and every the said grants and letters patents shall be of such , and no other force and effect , as the same should have been if this act had not been made , any thing in this act contained to the contrary notwithstanding . provided also , that this act or any thing therein contained , shall not extend to confirm any lease or estate made by john tombes clerk , of any lands , tenements , or hereditaments , belonging to the hospital of saint katharines in ledbury in the county of hereford , to any of the children of him the said john tombs , or to any other person or persons in trust for him or them , or any of them . provided alwayes , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that neither this act , nor any thing therein contained , shall in any wise extend to confirm , or make good , any lease or leases made by vvilliam lenthal , pretended warden of the house of converts , belonging to the master of the rolls , since the thirtieth day of january , one thousand six hundred forty and two , of any houses or tenements thereto belonging , to the prejudice of john lord culpeper , his successors , lessees , or assigns , the said lord culpeper paying or reimbursing unto the said lessee or lessees of such houses or tenements , such monies as they or any of them have paid , with interest for the same , he or they discounting for the mean profits thereof . provided alwayes , that neither this act , nor any thing therein contained , shall extend to confirm vvilliam hook in the mastership of the kings majesties hospital of the savoy , nor to confirm or make good any lease of any lands or tenements belonging to the said hospital , made between the thirtieth day of january , in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred forty eight , and the first day of june , one thousand six hundred and sixty ; the master of the said hospital for the time being , allowing and reimbursing to all such lessees all such summ or summs of money , as they or any of them paid to the then master of the said hospitall by way of fine , at the time of such lease making , and interest for the same , and the said lessees and every of them disc●unting for the mean profits of the same . provided alwayes , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that this act , or any thing herein contained , shall not extend to confirm or make good any lease or grant made , or mentioned to be made to any person or persons by john owen late dean , and others , canons , or pretended dean and canons of the colledge of christ church in the vniversity of oxford , or by any of them , of any the rectories , tythes , or gleab lands of hampton , wickenford , badsey , aldington , uffenha● , south-littleton , north littleton , and middle littleton , in the county of worcester , heretofore the possessions of henry late marquess of worcester , and dame anne his wife , or either of them , and whereo the said henry was dispossest for his allegiance and loyalty to his late majesty of blessed memory ; but that the executor or administrator of the said henry , shall and may be admitted to renew the leases of the said tythes , for such terme or terms , as the said dean and chapter of christ church are by law enabled to grant the same , the said executors or administrators satisfying and reimbursing to such person or persons , all such summ or summs of money , as he or they have payd for the said lease or leases , by way of fine , with interest for the same , the said person or persons discounting to the said executors or administrators , for the mean profits received thereupon . provided also , that this act , or any thing therein contained , shall not extend to confirm or make good any lease , leases , or estate made by any pretended dean and chapter , master or head of any colledge or hall in either of the vniversities , or of any pretended master or governors of any hospital , which said lease , leases or estate had not been good or effectual in law , had they been made by a lawful dean & chapter , master , head or governor of any colledge , hall or hospital aforesaid ; this act , or any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding . provided also that this act , or any thing therein contained , shall not extend to confirm or make good any leafe or leases of the rectory or parsonage of arrington in the county of cambridge , which hath long been in the tenure and occupation of thomas ●hicheley esq ; and his ancestors , by several successive leases from the master and fellows of trinity colledge in cambridge ; nor shall confirm or make good any lease or leases of the rectory or parsonage of soham in the said county of cambridge , which hath likewise been , and still is in the occupation and possession of the said thomas chicheley , by lease from the master and fellows of pembroke hall in cambridge , but that the said thomas chicheley ( paying and reimbursing the several and respective tenants or lessees , the several and respective sums of money by them severally and respectively paid to the said colledge and hall , for or in the name of any fine or fines , for the making or granting such new lease or leases , with interest , discounting such rents and profits as by them respectively have been taken or received out of the premisses ) shall be restored to his said ancient possessions . and the said colledge and hall respectively shall be enabled to lease the said several rectories and parsonages , with their respective appurtenances , unto the said thomas chicheley ; this act , or any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding . provided alwayes , that neither this act , nor any thing therein contained , shall extend to restore any person or persons to any headship , fellowship , or scholarship of any colledge or hall , or to any chaplains or 〈◊〉 place , in any colledge or hall , in 〈…〉 the vniversities , or to any lecture or readers place , that is or shall be before the first day of january , one thousand six hundred and sixty , eiected out of their respective headship , fellowship , scholarship , chaplain or clerks-place , or out of any lecture in the said vniversities , by his majesties commissioners under the great seal , for not having been legally and according to the severall statutes of the said respective severall places nominated , elected or admitted in or to the same ; any thing in this act contained to the contrary notwithstanding . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for prohibiting the exportation of wooll , woolfels , fullers earth , or any kind of scouring earth . for the better preventing and avoiding of such losses and inconveniencies as have happened , and daily do and may happen to the kingdome of england , and dominion of wales , and to the kingdome of ireland by and through the secret and subtile exportation and transportation , and by and through the secret and subtle carrying and conveighing away of wooll , woolfells , mortlings , sherlings , yarn made of wooll , woolflocks , fullers earth , and fulling clay , out of and from the kingdome and dominion aforesaid , and for the better setting on work the poor people and inhabitants of the kingdomes and dominion aforesaid . and to the intent that the full and best use and benefit of the principal native commodities of the same kingdomes and dominion may come , redound , and be unto and amongst the subjects and inhabitants of the same , and not unto or amongst the subjects and inhabitants of the realm of scotland , or of any foreign realms or states , as the same now of late in some great measure hath done , and is further likely to do , if some severer punishment then heretofore be not speedily inflicted upon such offenders , as shall be actors or assistants in and to such exportation and transportation , and in and to such carrying and conveying away thereof as aforesaid ; be it enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , and by the authority of the same , that no person or persons whatsoever , from and after the fourteenth day of january one thousand six hundred and threescore , shall directly or indirectly , export , transport , carry or convey , or cause or procure to be exported , transported , carried or conveyed out of , or from the kingdome of england , or dominion of wales , or town of barwick upon ●wede , or out of or from the isles of jersey or guernzey , with sarke and alderney , being under the government of guernzey aforesaid , or out of or from any of them , or out of , or from the kingdome of ireland aforesaid , into any parts or places out of the kingdomes , isles or dominion aforesaid , any sheep or wooll whatsoever , of the breed or growth of the kingdomes of england or ireland , or isles or dominion aforesaid ; or any wooll fells , mortlings or shorlings , or any yarn made of wooll , or any woolflocks , or any fullers earth , or any fulling clay whatsoever ; nor shall directly or indirectly pack or load , or cause to be packed or loaded upon any horse , cart , or other carriage , or load , or lay on board , or cause to be loaden or laid on board in any ship or other vessel , in any place or port within the kingdomes of england or ireland , or town of berwick , or isles , or dominion aforesaid , any such sheep , wooll , woolfells , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wooll or woollflocks , or any fullers earth or fulling clay , to the intent or purpose to export , transport , carry or convey the same , or to cause the same to be exported , transported , carryed or conveyed out of the kingdomes of england or ireland , town of berwick , isles or dominion aforesaid , or with intent or purpose , that any other person or persons should so export , transport , carry or convey the same into any parts or places out of the kingdomes of england and ireland , town of berwick , isles or dominion aforesaid , into the kingdome of scotland , or any foreign parts . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that no wooll , woolfells , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wooll , woollflocks , or any fullers earth , or fulling clay , shall be from and after the fourteenth day of january , in the year of our lord one thousand six hundred and threescore , exported , transported , carried or conveyed out of the kingdome of england and dominion of wales , or town of berwick , or kingdome of ireland , or out of any port or place of the said kingdomes respectively unto the isles of jersey or guernzey , or to sarke or alderney , except as in this act shall be hereafter limited or appointed . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that all and every the offender & offenders , offence and offences aforesaid , shall be subject and lyable to the respective pains , penalties and forfeitures hereafter following , that is to say , the said sheep , woolls , woolfels , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wooll , woolflocks , fullers earth , and fulling clay , so exported , transported , carryed , conveyed , packed or loaden contrary to the true intent of this act , shall be forfeited , and that every offender and offenders therein shall forfeit twenty shillings for every such sheep , and three shillings for every pound weight of such wooll , woolfels , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wool , wool-flocks , fullers earth , or fulling clay . and also the owners of the said ships or vessels knowing such offence , shall forfeit all their interest in the said ships or vessels , with all their apparel and furniture to them and every of them belonging . and that the master and mariners thereof , knowing such offence , and wittingly and willingly aiding and assisting thereunto , shall forfeit all their goods and chattels , and have imprisonment for the space of three moneths without bail or main-prise ; the one moiety of which said penalties and forfeitures shall be to the kings majesty , his heirs and successors ; and the other moiety to him that will sue for the same by action of debt , bill , plaint or information in any of his majesties courts of record , or before the iustices of assize , or in the general quarter sessions of the peace : in which suit , no essoyn , protection or wager of law shall be allowed . and be it further enacted , that if any merchant or other person or persons shall after the said fourteenth day of january transport or cause to be transported , any sheep , wool , wool-fels mortlings , shorlings , woollen-yarn , wool-flocks , fullers-earth or fulling-clay , contrary to the true intent of this act , and be thereof lawfully convicted , that then he shall be disabled to require any debt or accompt of any factor or others for or concerning any debt or estate properly belonging to such offendor . provided alwaies and it is nevertheless declared , that this act or any thing therein contained shall not be construed to take away any greater pains or penalties inflicted or to be inflicted for any the offences aforesaid by vertue of any former act of parliament now in force . and be it also further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that every offence that shall be done or committed contrary to this act , shall and may be inquired of and heard , examined , tryed and determined in the county where such sheep , wooll , wool-fels , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wooll , wool-flocks , fullers-earth , or fulling-clay respectively shall be so packed , loaden , or laid aboard as aforesaid contrary to this act , or else in the county where such offenders shall happen to be apprehended , or arrested for such offence , in such manner and form , and to such effect to all intents and purposes as if the same offence had been wholly and altogether done and committed at and in such county . provided alwaies and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that no person or persons whatsoever shall at any time hereafter be impeached for any offence aforesaid , unless such person or persons shall be prosecuted within the space of one year next ensuing such offence committed . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that it shall and may be lawfull to and for any person or persons to seize , take and challenge to his or their own use and behoof , and to the use of the king , his heirs and successors , all and all manner such sheep , wool , woolfels , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wool , wool-flocks , fullers-earth and fulling clay , as he or they shall happen to see , finde , know or discover to be laid aboard in any ship or other vessel or boat , or to be brought , carried or laid on shore at or near the sea or any navigable river or water , to the intent or purpose to be exported , transported or conveyed out of the kingdoms of england , or ireland , town of berwick , isles or dominion aforesaid contrary to the true meaning of this act , or to be packed or loaden upon any ●●orse , cart or other carriage , to the intent or purpose to be conveyed or carried into the kingdome of scotland aforesaid ; and that such person or persons as shall happen so to seize , take or challenge any such sheep , wooll , wool-fells , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wooll , woolflocks , fullers earth or fulling clay as aforesaid , shall have the full moiety thereof , to all intents and purposes . provided alwayes , that such person or persons as shall make any such seizure or challenge as aforesaid to his or their own use , shall not be admitted or allowed to give in evidence upon his or their oath or oathes against any person or persons , which shall happen to be indicted , accused or questioned by vertue of this act , or any thing therein contained . and furthermore be it enacted by the authority aforesaid . that all and every ship , vessel , hulke , barge or boat , of what kinde soever , whereof any alien born , or whereof any naturall born subjects not inhabiting within the realm of england , shall be owner or part owner , and wherein any sheep , wooll , wool-fells , mortlings , shorlings , yarn made of wooll , wooll-flocks , fullers earth , or fulling clay shall happen to be shipped , put or laid aboard contrary to the true meaning of this act , shall be forfeited to the kings majestie , his heirs and successors . provided alwayes , that this act shall not extend to any lamd skin ready drest , and prepared fit and usefull for furr or lynings . provided also , that this act shall not in any wise extend to the transporting , carrying or conveying away of any such wool-fells or pelts , with such vvooll upon them , or to any beds stuffed with flocks , which shall be carryed or imployed in any ship or other vessel for necessary use onely , of and about the ordnance or other thing in or concerning such ship or vessel , or onely for the necessary use of any the persons in such ship or vessell , passing or being , and which shall not be sold or uttered in any foreign parts , out of the kingdomes of england or ireland , or town of berwick , istes or dominion aforesaid ; nor to the exporting , transporting , carrying or conveying of any weather-sheep , or of the vvooll growing upon any such vveather-sheep , to be carryed alive in any ship or other vessell , for and towards the onely necessary food or diet , of or for the company or passengers or other persons therein , and for and towards none other purpose . provided alwayes , and be it further enacted , that this act or any thing therein contained shall not extend to any such wooll to be exported or transported out of or from the port of southampton , onely unto the aforesaid isles of jersey and guernzey , by , or for the onely use or behoof of any the inhabitants of the said isles of jersey and guernzey , or either of them , or to any such vvooll to be shipped or loaden aboard in any ship or other vessel , by , or for the only use or behoof of any the inhabitants of the said isles of jersey or guernsey , or either of them in the port aforesaid , to be exported and transported into the said isles of jersey or guernzey or either of them ; so as such person and persons that shall so ship or lay aboard such wooll into any ship or other vessel , do before the shipping or laying aboard such vvooll , deliver unto the customer , comptroller , surveyor or searcher of the port of southampton aforesaid ( out of which the same vvooll is to be exported ) a writing under the seal or seals of the respective governors of the same isles of jersey and guernzey , unto which the said wool is to be transported , or of his or their deputy or deputies respectively , the which writing shall purport and express that the party named in such writing is authorised and appointed to export or to cause to be exported out of the port aforesaid so much wooll , expressing the number of the tods , to the same isle , to be used or manufactured in one of the same isles , or in some of the members or parts of the same , and that such party so authorised and appointed to export or cause to be exported that wool , hath before the making and sealing of that writing , entred sufficient bond to his majesties use for the landing of the said wool in that isle . and to the intent that the quantity of wooll to be exported out of the port of southampton aforesaid into the said isles or either of them in any one year , accompting the year to begin from the first day of january next ensuing , and so yearly from the first day of january , may not exceed the quantity hereunder specified ; that is tosay , unto the isle of jer●ey two thousand tods and no more of unkeamed wool , and unto guernzey one thousand tods and no more of unkeamed wool , and unto alderny two hundred tods and no more of unkeamed wool , and unto sarke one hundred tods of unkeamed wool and no more , every tod not exceeding thirty two pounds . and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that the governor of the said isle of jersey or his deputy for whom he will answer , shall not make to any person or persons any writing or writings such as is above specified , to authorise or appoint such person or persons as aforesaid , to fetch , e●port , or transport out of the port of southampton aforesaid unto the said isle of jersey in one year , accompting the year from the first day of january , one thousand six hundred and sixty aforesaid , any greater quantity of vvool then two thousand tods in any one year ; and that the governor of the said isle of guernzey , or his deputy for whom he will answer , shall not make to any person or persons any writing or writings , such as is above specified , to authorise and appoint such person or persons as aforesaid , to fetch , export , or transport out of the port above specified unto the said isles of guernzey , with alderny and sarke , in any one year , accepting the year from the first day of january aforesaid , any greater quantity of vvooll then one thousand tods for guernzey , two hundred todds for alderney , and one hundred todds for sarke in any one year ; and that the customer of the port of southampton aforesaid , shall keep a true accompt of all the said quantity of woolls so by him permitted to be loaden by vertue of this act , and shall not permit any greater quantity of vvoolls to be loaden then by this act is prescribed in any one year to either of the said islands respectively under any pretence whatsoever , upon the penalty of the forfeiture of his place , and the summe of one hundred pounds in money , one moyety whereof to the kings majesty , his heirs and successors , and the other moyety to him or them that will sue for the same in any court of record , wherein no essoyne , protection or wager of law shall be allowed . and if any of the governors aforesaid , or any their or either of their deputy or deputies of the said isles , or either of them , shall give , grant , or make any licence or licences for exporting from southampton aforesaid , into the said isles respectively , of any greater quantity of such vvooll , then is before by the true meaning of this act limitted and appointed in that behalf ; that then the respective governor or governors of such of the said isles , shall forfeit and pay to the kings majesty , his heirs or successors , the summ of twenty pounds of lawful money of ●ngland , for every todd of vvooll which shall be so licenced to be exported , over and above the rate or proportion of vvooll in and by this act , or the true meaning thereof limited or appointed . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that the respective governors aforesaid , or their respective deputies , or any their clerks , officers or servants , for the granting , making , or sealing of every such writing of licence as is aforesaid , and for the entring a remembrance of the same into some book , which they shall have and keep for that purpose , may have and take the summ of twelve pence , and no more , upon pain of forfeiting to be partie grieved the summ of five shillings for every penny which shall be taken over and above the said summ of twelve pence , in and by this act allowed to be taken , and so after that proportion , the said penalty or forfeiture for the taking above twelve pence as aforesaid , to be recovered by bill , plaint or information in any court of record at westminster or elsewhere , wherein no injunction , protection , priviledge , essoyne or wager of law shall be admitted or allowed . anno regni caroli ij. regis angliae , scotiae , franciae , & hiberniae , duodecimo . at the parliament begun at westminster the five and twentieth day or april , an. dom. 1660. in the twelfth year of the reign of our most gracious soveraign lord charles , by the grace of god , of england , scotland , france , and ireland , king , defender of the faith , &c. london , printed by john bill , printer to the kings most excellent majesty , 1660. cum privilegio . anno xii . caroli . ii. regis . an act for confirmation of marriages . whereas by vertue or colour of certain ordinances , or certain pretended acts or ordinances , divers marriages since the beginning of the late troubles , have bee● had and solemnized in some other manner then hath been formerly used and accustomed : now for the preventing and avoyding of all doubts and questions touching the same , it is enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , with the advice and assent of the lords and commons in parliament assembled , and by authority of the ●ame , that all marriages had or solemnized in any of his majesties dominions since the first day of may , in the year of our lord , one thousand six hundred forty and two , before any iustice of peace , or reputed iustice of peace , of england or wales , or other his majesties dominions , and by such iustice or reputed iustice , so pronounced or declared . and all marriages within any of his majesties dominions , since the same first day of may , in the year of our lord , one thousand six hundred forty two , had or solemnized according to the direction or true intent of any act or ordinance , or reputed act or ordinance , of one or both houses of parliament , or of any convention sitting at westminster ; under the name stile or title of a parliament , or assuming that name , stile or title , shall be , and shall be adjudged , esteemed , and taken to be , and to have been of the same and no other force and effect , as if such marriages had been had and solemnized according to the rites and ceremonies established , or used in the church or kingdom of england , any law , custome , or vsage to the contrary thereof notwithstanding . and be it further enacted , that where in any suite commenced or to be commenced in any of the courts of the common law , any issue hath beén joyned , and not already tryed or determined , or shall be joyne● upon the point of bastardy , or lawfulness of marriage , for or concerning the marriages had and solemnized as aforesaid , the same issues shall be tryed by iury of twelve men according to the course of tryal of other issues tryable by iury at the common law , and not otherwise , any law , statute , or vsage to the contrary thereof , in any wise notwithstanding . anno xii . caroli . ii. regis . an act for prohibiting the planting , setting , or sowing of tobacco in england and ireland . your majesties loyal and obedient subjects , the lords and commo●s in this present parliament assembled considering of how great concern and importance it is , that the columes and plantations of this kingdom in america , be defended , protected , maintained , and kept up , and that all due and possible encouragement be given unto them ; and that not onely in regard great and considerable dominions , and countries , have been thereby gained , and added to the imperial crown of this realm ; but for that the strength and welfare of this kingdom do very much depend upon them , in regard of the employment of a very considerable part of its shipping and seamen , and of the vent of very great quantities of its native commodities and manufactures , as also of its supply with several considerable commodities which it was wont formerly to have onely from forraigners , and at far dearer rates : and forasmuch as tobacco is one of the main products of several of those plantations , and upon which their welfare , and subsistence , and the navigation of this kingdom , and vent of its commodities thither , do much depend ; and in regard it is found by experience , that the tobaccoes planted in these parts are not so good , and wholsome for the takers thereof ; and that by the planting thereof your majesty is deprived of a considerable part of your revenue arising by customes upon imported tobacco ; do most humbly pray that it may be enacted by your majesty : and it is hereby enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , and the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , and by the authority of the same : that no person or persons whatsoever shall , or do from and after the first day of january , in the year of our lord , one thousand six hundred and sixty , set , plant , improve to grow , make or cure any tobacco either in seed , plant , or otherwise , in or upon any ground , earth , field , or place , within the kingdom of england , dominion of wales , islands of guernsey or jersey , or town of berwick upon tweed , or in the kingdom of ireland , under the penalty of the forfeiture of all such tobacco , or the value thereof , and of the sum of forty shillings for every , rod or pole of ground to planted , set , or sowen as aforesaid ; and so portionablely for a greater or 〈◊〉 quantity of ground , one moyety thereof to his majesty , his heirs and successors : and the other moyety to him or them that shall sue for the same , to be recovered by bill , plaint , or information in any court of record , wherein no essoign , protection , or wager in law shall be allowed . and it is hereby further enacted , that all sheriffs , iustices of the peace , maiors bailiffs , contrables , and every of them , upon information or complaint made unto them , or any of them , by any the officers of the customes , or by any other person , or persons whatsoever , that there is any tobacco set , sowen , planted , or growing within their iurisdictions , or precincts , contrary to this act , shall within ten days after such information or complaint , cause to be burnt , plucked up , consumed , or utterly destroyed , all such tobacco so set , sowen , planted or growing . and it is hereby further enacted , that in case any person or persons shall resist , or make forcible opposition against any person or persons in the due and through execution of this act , that every such person or persons for every such offence , shall forfeit the sum of five pounds to be divided and recovered in manner aforesaid . and in case any person or persons shall not pay the sums of money , by them to be paid , by vertue of this act , that in every such case , destress shall be made and sale thereof , returning the over-plus to the owners ; and in case no destress be to be found , that then every such party shall be committed to the common gaol in the county where such offence shall be committed , there to remain for the space of two moneths , without bail or main-prize . provided always , and it is hereby enacted , that this act , nor any thing therein contained , shall extend to the hindring of the planting of tobacco in any physick garden of either university , or in any other private garden for physick or chirurgery , onely so as the quantity so planted exceed not one half of one pole in any one place or garden . anno xii . caroli ii. regis . an act for erecting and establishing a post-office . whereas for the maintenance of mutual correspondencies , and prevention of many inconveniences happening by private posts , severall publique post-offices have been heretofore erected for carrying , and recarrying of letters by posts , to , and from all parts and places within england , scotland , and ireland , and severall parts beyond the seas ; the well-ordering whereof , is a matter of general concernment , and of great advantage , as well for preservation of trade and commerce , as otherwise : to the end therefore that the same may be managed so , that speedy and safe dispatches may be had , which is most likely to be effected , by ere●ting one general post-office for that purpose ; be it therefore enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , and by the authority of the same , that there be from henceforth one general letter-office erected and established in some convenient place within the city of lond●n , from whence all letters and pacquets whatsoever may be with speed and expedition sent unto any part of the kingdomes of england , scotland , and ireland , or any other of his majesties dominions , or unto any kingdome or countrey beyond the seas , at which said office all returns and answers may be likewise received ; and that one master of the said general letter-office shall be from time to time appointed by the kings majesty , his heirs , and successors , to be made or constituted by letters patents under the great seal of england , by the name and style of his majesties post-master generall ; which said master of the said office , and his deputy , and deputies by him thereunto sufficiently authorised , and his and their servants , and agents ; and no other person or persons whatsoever , shall from time to time have the receiving , taking up , ordering , dispatching , sending post or with speed , and delivering of all letters & pacquets whatsoever , which shall from time to time be sent to and from all and every the parts and places of england , scotland , and ireland , and other his majesties dominions , and to and from all and every the kingdomes and countreys beyond the seas , where he shall settle or cause to be setled posts or running messengers for that purpose . except such letters as shall be sent by coaches , common known carryers of goods by carts , waggons , or packhorses , and shall be carried along with their carts , waggons , and packhorses respectively ; and except letters of merchants and masters which shall be sent by any masters of any ships , barques , or other vessel of merchandize , or by any other person imployed by them for the carriage of such letters aforesaid , according to the respective directions ; and also except letters to be sent by any private friend or friends in their wayes of journey or travel , or by any messenger or messengers sent on purpose , for or concerning the private affairs of any person or persons : and also except messengers who carry and recarry commissions or the return thereof , affidavits , writs , process , or proceedings , or the returnes thereof , issuing out of any court. and be it furtther enacted by the authority aforesaid , that such postmaster generall for the time being , as shall from time to time be made and constituted by his majesty , his heirs and successors , and the respective deputies , or substitutes of such post-master general , and no other person or persons whatsoever , shall prepare , and provide horses and furniture to let to hire unto all through-posts , and persons riding in post by commission , or without , to and from all and every the parts and places of england , scotland and ireland , where any post-roads are , or shall be setled and established . and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that it shall and may be lawful to and for such post-master general to be constituted and appointed as aforesaid , and his deputy or deputies by him thereunto sufficiently authorized , to demand , have , receive and take for the portage and conveyance of all such letters which he shall so convey , carry , or send post as aforesaid , and for the providing and furnishing horses for through-posts , or persons riding in post as aforesaid , according to the several rates and summs of lawful english money hereafter mentioned , not to exceed the same ( that is to say ) for the port of every letter not exceeding one sheet , to or from any place not exceeding fourscore english miles distant from the place where such letter shall be received , two pence ; and for the like port of every letter not exceeding two sheets , four pence ; and for the like port of every pacquet of letters proportionably unto the said rates ; and for the like port of every pa●quet of writs , deeds , and other things after the rate of eight pence for every ounce weight ; and for the port of every letter not exceeding one sheet , above the distance of fourscore english miles from the place where the same shall be received , three pence ; and for the like port of a letter , not exceeding two sheets , six pence ; and proportionably to the same rates , for the like port of all pacquets of letters , and for the like port of every other pacquet of writs , deeds , or other things , after the rate of twelve pence of english money for every ounce weight ; and for the port of every letter not exceeding one sheet , from london unto the town of berwick , or from thence to the city of london , three pence of english money ; and for the like port of every letter not exceeding two sheets , sir pence ; and proportionably unto the same rates , for every pacquet of letters , and for every other pacquet of greater bulk , one shilling and six pence for every ounce weight ; and for the port of such letters and pacquets as shall be conveyed or carried from the town of berwick unto any place or places within forty english miles distance from berwick , or any other place where such letter shall be received , two pence ; and for every letter not exceeding two sheets , four pence ; and proportionably to the same rates for every pacquet of letters , and for every other pacquet or parcel , eight pence for every ounce weight ; and for every letter not exceeding one sheet to be conveyed or carryed a further distance then forty english miles , four pence ; and for the like port of every double letter , eight pence : and proportionably unto the same rates for the like port of every pacquet of letters , and for the like port of every other pacquet , one shilling for every ounce weight ; and for the port of every letter not exceeding one sheet from england unto the city of dublin in ireland , or from the city of dublin in ireland unto england , six pence of english money ; and for the like port of every letter not exceeding two sheets one shilling , and proportionably to the same rates for every pacquet of letters ; and for the port of every other pacquet of any kind of greater bulk , two shillings for every ounce weight ; and for the port of such letters or pacquets as shall be conveyed or carryed from the city of dublin , unto any other place or places within the kingdme of ireland , or from any other place unto the said city , or to , or from any other place within the said kingdome , according to the rates , and summs of english money hereafter following , viz. for every letter not exceeding one sheet , to or from any place within forty english miles distance from dublin , or any other place where such letter shall be received , two pence ; and for every letter not exceeding two sheets , four pence , and proportionably to the same rates for every pacquet of letters , and for every other pacquet of greater bulk , eight pence for every ounce weight ; and for every letter not exceeding one sheet to be carryed or conveyed a further distance then forty english miles , four pence ; and for the like port of every letter not exceeding two sheets , eight pence ; and proportionably unto the same rates for the like port of every pacquets of letters , and for the like port of every other pacquets of greater bulk , one shilling for every ounce weight ; and for all and every the letters , pacquets , & parcels of goods that shall be carried or conveyed to , or from any of his majesties said dominious , to or from any other parts or places beyond the seas , according to the severall and respective rates , that now are , and have been taken for letters , pacquets , and parcels so conveyed , being rated either by the letter , or by the ounce weight , that is to say ,     d morlaix , saint maloes , caen , newhaven , and places of like distance , port paid to roan is for single vi double xii treble xviii ounce xviii     d hamburgh , cullen , frankfort , port paid to antwerp is single viii double xvi treble xxiv ounce xxiv     s d venice , geneva , legorne , rome , naples , messina , and all other parts of italy , by way of venice , franct pro mantua single o ix double i vi treble ii iii ounce ii viii     s d marcelia , smerna , constantinople , aleppo , and all parts of turkie , port paid to marcelia single i o double ii o 3. q ●● . of an ounce ii ix ounce iii ix     s d genoua , legorn , rome , and other parts of italy , by way of lyons , franct pro lyons single i o double ii o 3 q ●● . of an ounce ii ix ounce iii ix and of letters sent outwards ,     s d to bourdeux , rochel , nantes , orleans , byon , towers , and places of like distance , port paid to paris single o ix double i vi treble ii iii ounce ii o     s d and for letters brought from the same places into england single i o double ii o 3. q ●● . of an ounce iii o ounce iv o also letters sent outwards ,     s d to norembergh , bremen , dantswick , lubeck , lipswick , and other places of like distance , post paid to hamburgh single i o double ii o 3. q ●● . of an ounce iii o ounce iv o     s d and for letters brought from the said places to england single o viii double . i iv treble ii o ounce ii o and for the port of letters brought into england from     s d calais , diepe , bulloigne , abbeville , amiens , saint omers , montrell single o iv double o viii treble i o ounce i o     s d rouen single o vi double i o treble i vi ounce i vi     s d paris single o ix double i vi treble i iii ounce i o     s d dunkirk , ostend , lille , ipte , courtrey , gheandt , bruxells , bridges , antwerp , & all other parts of flanders single o viii double i iv treble ii o ounce ii o     s d sluis , flushing , middleburgh , amsterdā , roterdam , delph , hagh , and from all other parts of holland & zealand single o viii double i iv treble ii o ounce ii o provided alwayes , that all mercha●●●● accompts not exceeding one sheet of paper , and all bills of exchange , invoyces , and bills of lading , are , and shall hereby be understood to be allowed without rate in the price of the letters , and likewise the covers of letters not exceeding one fourth part of a sheet of paper sent to marseilles , venice or ligorne , to be sent forward to turky , shall be understood to be allowed to pass without rate or payment for the same ; and according to the same rates and proportions for the port of letters , packquets & parcels to or from any of the parts or places beyond the seas , where posts have not been heretofore setled , and may hereafter be setled by the said post-master general for the time being , his executors or assignes : and it shall and may be lawful to and for such post-master general , & his deputy and deputies , to ask , demand , take and receive of every person that he or they shall furnish and provide with horses , furniture and guide to ride , ost in any of the post-roardes as aforesaid , three pence of english money for each horses hire or postage for every english mile , and foure pence for the guide for every stage . and whereas upon the arrival of ships from parts beyond the seas into several ports within his majesties dominions , many letters directed to several merchants and others , have been detained long to the great damage of the merchants , in want of that speedy advice and intelligence which they might have had if the same had been forthwith dispatched by the s●●●d posts , and sometimes such letters have been delivered by the masters or passengers of s●●h ships to ignorant and loose hands , that understand not the way and means of speedy conveyance and delivery of letters , whereby great prejudice hath accrued to the affairs of merchants and others , as well by the miscarryage of many letters so brought , as oftentimes by the opening of the same to the discovery of the correspondencies and secrets of the merchant . be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid , that all letters and pacquets that by any master of any ship or vessel , or any of his company , or any passengers therein shall or may be brought to any port-town within his majesties dominions , or any of the members thereof , other then such letters as are before excepted , or may be sent by common known carriers in manner aforesaid , or by a friend as aforesaid ; shall by such master , passenger , or other person be forthwith delivered unto the deputy or deputies only of the said post-master general for the time being by him appointed for the said port-town , and by him or them to be sent post unto the said general post-office to be delivered according to the several and respective directions of the same . and be it further enacted by the aforesaid authority , that no person or persons whatsoever , or body politick or corporate other then such post-master general , as shall from time to time be nominated and appointed by his majesty , his heires or successors , and constituted by letters patents under the great seal of england as aforesaid , and his deputy and deputies or affignes , shall presume to carry , recarry & deliver letters for hi●e , other then as before excepted , or to set up or imploy any foot-post , horse-post , coach-post , or pacquet-boat whatsoever for the conveyance , carrying , and recarrying of any letters or pacquets by sea or land within his majesties dominions , or shall provide and maintaine horses and furniture for the horsing of any thorow-posts , or persons riding in post with a guide and horne , as usuall for hire , upon paine of forfeiting the summe of five pounds of english money for every severall offence against the tenor of this present act , and also of the forfeiture of the summe of one hundred pounds of like english money for every weeks time that any offender against this act shall imploy , maintaine , and continue any such foot-post , horse-post , coach-post or pacquet-boat as aforesaid : which said several and respective forfeitures , shall , and may be sued for , and recovered by action or actions of debt , plaint , or information in any of his majesties courts of record , wherein no essoigne , priviledge , protection , or wager of law shall be admitted ; and the said several and respective forfeitures that shall happen from time to time to be recovered , shall be and remaine the one moiety thereof to his majestie , & his heires and successors , and the other moiety thereof to such person or persons , who shall or will inform against the offender or offenders against this present act , and shall or will sue for the said forfeitures upon the same . provided alwayes , that if any post-master of any respective place , doth not , or cannot not furnish any person or persons riding in post with sufficient horses within the space of one half hour after demand , that then such person or persons are hereby understood to be left at liberty to provide themselves , as conveniently they can ; and the persons who shall furnish such horses , shall not therefore be liable to any penalties or forfeitures contained in this act. provided alwayes , that if through default or neglect of the post-master generall aforesaid , any person or persons riding in post shall fail as aforesaid of being furnished with a sufficient horse or horses , for his or their use , after demand as aforesaid ; that in every such case , the said post-master generall shall forfeit the summ of five pounds sterling , the one moiety to his majesty , his heirs and successors , and the other moiety to him or them who shall sue for the same in any court of record , to be recovered by bill , plaint , or other information , wherein no essoigne , protection or other wager in law shall be admitted . provided alwayes , and be it enacted , that nothing herein contained shall be understood to prohibit the carrying or recarrying of any letters or pacquets , to or from any town or place , to or from the next respective post-road , or stage appointed for that purpose ; but that every person shall have free liberty to send and imploy such persons as they shall think fit , for to carry the said letters or pacquets as aforesaid without any forfeiture or penalty therefore , any thing contained in this act to the contrary notwithstanding . provided alwayes , that if the pacquet or maile shall be carried out of england into any part beyond the seas in any ship or vessel which is not of english built , and navigated with english seamen , that in every such case , the said post-master general shall forfeit the summ of one hnndred pounds sterling ; the one moiety to his majestie , his heirs and successors , and the other moiety to him or them , who shall sue for the same , in any court of record , to be recovered by bill , plaint or other information , wherein no essoign , protection , or other wager in law shall be allowed . provided also , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that no person or persons shall be capable of having , using , or exercising the office of post-master general , or any other imployment relating to the said office , unless he or they shall first take the oathes of allegiance and supremacy , before any two iustices of the peace of the respective counties wherein such person or persons are or shall be resident , which said iustices are hereby authorized to administer the said oathes accordingly . provided also , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that a letter or pacquet-post shall twice every week come by the way of trurow and penrin to the town of ma●ketiew alias marhasion in the county of cornwall ; and once a week to kendal by the way of lancaster , and to the town of penrith in cumberland by the way of newcastle and carssile ; and to the city of lincoln , and the burrough of grimoby in the county of lincolne , any thing in this act contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding . provided also and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that such post-master generall to be from time to time appointed by his majesty , his heirs and successors as aforesaid , shall continue constant posts for carriage of letters to all places , though they lie out of the post-roads , as hath been used for the space of three years last past , at the rates herein before mentioned , under pain of forfeiture for every omission five pounds , to be recovered by action , suite , or plaint , in any his majesties courts of record , the one moiety to the use of his majesty , the other moeity to the use of the informer . and for the better management of the said post-office , and that the people of these kingdomes may have their intercourse of commerce and trade the better maintained , and their letters and advises conveyed , carried & recarried with the greatest speed , security , and convenience that may be ; be it further enacted , that the said post-master general so nominated , appointed and constituted as aforesaid , and his deputies , shall from time to time observe and follow such orders , rules , directions and instructions for and concerning the settlement of convenient posts and stages upon the several roads in england , scotland and ireland , and other his majesties dominions , and the providing and keeping of a sufficient number of horses at the said several stages , as well for the carrying and conveying of the said letters and pacquets , as for the horsing of all thorow-posts and persons riding in post by warrant or otherwise as aforesaid , as his majestie , his heires and successors shall from time to time in that behalf make , and ordaine ; and that his majesty , his heires and successors may grant the said office of post-master general , together with the powers and authorities thereunto belonging , & the several rates of portage above mentioned , and all profits , priviledges , fees , perquisites & emoluments thereunto belonging , or to belong , either for life or term of years , not exceeding one and twenty years , to such person or persons , and under such covenants , conditions and yearly rents to his said majesty , his heires and successors reserved , as his said majesty , his heirs and successors shall from time to time think fit for the best advantage and benefit of the kingdome . provided alwayes , and be it enacted by the athority aforesaid , that no person shall have power to take , use , or seize any horses for the service mentioned in this act , without the consent of the owners thereof ; any usage or pretence , or any thing in this act contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding . provided always , and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid , that all inland letters sent by any packet-post established by this act as aforesaid , do and shall pay the rates and prices before mentioned , at such stage where they are last delivered only , unless the party that delivers the letters desireth to pay elswhere ; any thing in this act to the contrary notwithstanding . provided always , that all letters , and other things , may be sent or conveyed to or from the two vniversities in manner as heretofore hath been used ; any thing herein to the contrary notwithstanding . anno xii . caroli . ij. regis . an act impowering the master of the rolls for the time being , to make leases for years , in order to new build the old houses belonging to the rolls . whereas the mansion-house , ground , and tenements , with the appurtenances belonging to the master of the rolls , as master of the rolls , are much out of repair , and not capable of improvement , in regard the former masters of the rolls were not enabled to grant such leases , and for such terms as might encourage tenants to build and to repair : be it therefore enacted by the kings most excellent majesty , and the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled ; and it is hereby enacted by the authority aforesaid , that the master of the rolls for the time being , and his successors , masters of the rolls , shall have good right , full power , and lawful authority , during the time he or they shall continue master of the rolls , by writing indented , under hand and seal , to grant and make leases for one and forty years , or for any lesser term , to commence from the making of any such leases , of all and singular the premisses , or any part thereof , the chappel of the rolls with a convenient mansion-house , court , yard , garden , stable , coach-house , and other our-houses and buildings , fit for the use and habitation of the master of the rolles , onely excepted ; which lease and leases , so to be made , shall be good and effectuall in law to all intents and purposes , as if such master of the rolls for the time being , as shall so make the same , had beén seized of the premisses of a good estate in feé simple . provided , that in leases where provision is made for new building of houses or tenements , that the yearly rent of twenty shillings at the least shall be reserved upon every lease of such a quantity of the said premisses , as shall be set out and assigned by the master of the rolls for the time being for any one house or tenement to be built upon ; and that in leases where there is no provision for new building , the like usual rent that hath beén paid or reserved for the greater part of seven years now last past , or more , shall be yearly reserved . provided also , that the master of the rolls for the time being , or any succeéding master of the rolls , after the prenusses have beén once letten , according to the power given as abovesaid , shall not grant or make any new or concurrent lease untill within seven years of the expiration of the lease then in being , nor for any lesser rent then was reserved upon the former lease , nor for any longer term , then for the term of one and twenty years from the making of such new lease . jo : browne cleric . parliamentorum . 1. an act for the restoring of henry lord arundel of warder to the possession of his estate . 2. an act for restitution of thomas earl of arundel , surrey and norfolk , to the dignity and title of duke of norfolk . 3. an act to restore to wentworth earl of roscomon , of the kingdom of ireland , all the honors , castles , lordships , lands , tenements and hereditaments in ireland , whereof james earl of roscomon his great-grand father , or iames earl of roscomon his father , &c. 4. an act for restoring of sir george hamilton unto his lands and estate in ireland . 5. an act for maintenance of the vicar for the time being of the vicaridge of royston in the counties of hertford and cambridge , and of his successors , vicars of the said vicaridge . 6. an act for enabling sir william vvray to sell lands for payment of his debts , and raising of portions for his younger children . 7. an act for naturalizing of gerrard vanheuthusen , daniel demetrius , and others . 8. an act for enabling of iohn newton the younger , and william oakeley , to make sale of lands for payment of debts , and raising of portions , &c. 9. an act for the levying of certain moneys due upon the collection for the protestants of piedmont . 10. an act for the naturalization of john boreell esq ; eldest son of sir william borreell knight and baronet . 11. an act for the naturalization of abraham watchtor born beyond the seas . 12. an act for restoring of sir thomas crimes baronet , to his estate . 13. an act for enabling george fawnt of foston in the county of leicester esq ; to sell and conveigh part of his lands , for payment of several debts and legacies charged upon his estate by sir william fawnt knight deceased , aud for the raising of portions for his younger children , and making his wife a joynture . 14. an act for naturalizing francis hide , and others . 15. an act to enable joseph micklethwaite an infant , and his trustees , to sell lands for payment of his fathers debts . 16. an act for raising portions , and making provision for maintenance for the younger children of sir edward gostwicke . 17. an act for confirming the sale of the mannor of hitcham , sold to charles doe , by sir iohn clarke knight and baronet , and for setling and disposing other the lands of the said sir iohn clarke and dame philadelphia his wife . 18. an act for the setling of some of the mannors and lands of the earl of cleaveland in trustees , to be sold for the satisfying of the debts of the said earl , and of thomas lord vventworth his son. 19. an act for the disappropriating of the rectory appropriate of preston , & uniting and consolidating of the said rectory , and of the vicaridge of the church of preston ; and for assuring of the advowson , and right of patronage of the same unto the master , fellows , and scholars of emanuel colledge in cambridge , and their successors . 20. an act for making the precinct of covent garden parochial . london , printed by john bill , printer to the king ' s most excellent majesty . 1660. at the king's printing-house in black-fryars . regicides, no saints nor martyrs freely expostulated with the publishers of ludlow's third volume, as to the truth of things and characters : with a touch at amyntor's cavils against our king's curing the evil, and the thirtieth of january fast : a supplement to the just defence of the royal martyr / by the same author. baron, william, b. 1636. 1700 approx. 219 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 74 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a31028 wing b898 estc r15796 11725124 ocm 11725124 48374 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a31028) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 48374) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 10:20) regicides, no saints nor martyrs freely expostulated with the publishers of ludlow's third volume, as to the truth of things and characters : with a touch at amyntor's cavils against our king's curing the evil, and the thirtieth of january fast : a supplement to the just defence of the royal martyr / by the same author. baron, william, b. 1636. baron, william, b. 1636. just defence of the royal martyr, king charles i. [2], 144 p. printed for w. keblewhite ..., london : 1700. reproduction of original in union theological seminary library, new york. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng charles -i, -king of england, 1600-1649. regicides. great britain -history -charles i, 1625-1649. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-04 ali jakobson sampled and proofread 2007-04 ali jakobson text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion regicides no saints nor martyrs : freely expostulated with the publishers of ludlow's third volume , as to the truth of things and characters . with a touch at amyntor's cavils against our king's curing the evil , and the thirtieth of january fast . a supplement to the just defence of the royal martyr ; by the same author . virg. aeneid . 6o. vendidit hic auro patriam , dominumque potentem imposuit ; fixit leges pretio , atque refixit . prov . xxviij . 2. for the transgression of a land , many are the princes thereof . london , printed for w. keblewhite , at the swan in st. paul's church-yard , 1700. regicides no saints nor martyrs . that this hath been all along , and still continues , an age of paradoxes , as to the most considerable subjects mens minds are conversant about , is too manifest to be disown'd : our philosophy is so altogether new , that it bids defiance to whatever helps the ancients might be suppos'd to assist us withall ; scorns to stand upon their shoulders , to take the better prospect of the natural world , which our fore-fathers prudently did , and gratefully acknowledg'd ; but , on the contrary , if we now stand so in any sence , 't is to trample upon , and contemn them . and in some part it may be from hence , that our divinity is more than ever ting'd with the opposition of sciences falsly so called , whether of new lights on the one hand , which have so much dark'ned the right understanding of all true religion ; or new notions on the other , which would submit the mysteries of god to the reason of man , bring back all reveal'd , to natural knowledge ; and that , which is sadder still , without the least regard to moral practice . but nothing hath been so paradoxical as our politicks , about which we have try'd as many experiments , as the chymists for the philosophers stone , and to much worse purpose ; since they , tho' failing in their grand aim , every day improv'd their discoveries to the health , and benefit of mankind ; whereas our state empericks are so desperate , as to force upon us their poison , without the least provision of an antidote ; will needs be altering the whole constitution of that body , nay , it s very frame and posture , even to setting the feet uppermost , as if we had quite forgot the mischiefs which attended their former attempts of that kind , what a vertigo it made in our brains , such a swiming , and giddiness , that many will not own it for a disease , that every thing should still turn round : neither indeed can it be upon any other presumption but this , a belief of the generalities not being throughly recover'd , so far in their right wits , as to have attain'd that old , and true apprehension of things they mostly had before those many fatal joggs , and national convulsions , that these bold undertakers have the confidence of thinking to set up their stage again , make a cant , and a noise , with those many old compositions , which from our former experience have prov'd most destructive both to health and life : and 't is of most unhappy consideration , that in this particular alone they should have reason , take us in such a careless indifferency as to those former disorders , and confusions so long groan'd under , that we seem to have forgot , according to our aforemention'd charge , not only god's mercies , but our own miseries too . and from hence alone it must be , that the prefacers to ludlow's third volume , boast so much of that reception the two former had met with . mens palates are vitiated , and stomachs foul , which makes solid truths of too hard digestion ; sound principles , and sincere advice , will no more down with them , than a potion of physick with a sickly pettish child , or water with a man in an hydrophoby : something they must have which is not to be had , or will certainly do them mischief if they can get it ; and yet having gratify'd their humor , and experienc'd the nauseousness of what was so earnestly desir'd , how loathsome and pernicious it prov'd , they will not be thereby caution'd from fansying something else altogether as prejudicial : would any physician of reputation comply with a patient in such froppish extravagancies ; or wise , good man oblige a friend , a relation in the like unkind concessions ? and this is what i desire to expostulate with the publishers of the foremention'd memoirs , with what design they are so forward to impose upon the world such a farrago , such an hodgpodg , of calumnies , and falshoods ; and presume it may be the more freely done , from certain information , that tho' their assigned author provided the ingredients , yet they compos'd the dish , from a confus'd heap of alltogethers , according to his little regard either of method or truth , cull'd out what they thought most proper for this notable swiss entertainment : now from so great an abundance , such as it was , one would think they should have presented us with nothing , but what had been sound , and wholsom , and thereby oblig'd every judicious palate , tho' the service had been the less , ( and indeed 't is probable one volume would have comprehended all really worth information ; ) whereas to throw in the many superannuated stories , and commonwealth fictions , which serv'd their several turns from 41. forward , as if time , the mother of truth , had not yet brought forth any thing of clearer discovery , made a real detection of their many , however well ▪ contriv'd villanies , is too imposing , and what no common imposter would be guilty of . and really when i first undertook to defend our royal martyr , wipe off that dirt , and obloquy , wherewith this author , and his friends design'd afresh to bedaub the sacred memory of that excellent prince , it could not enter into my thoughts , that they would venture further , at leastwise so far , as to write a panegyrick upon his murtherers , presume or imagine it possible to set them in a true light , who thorough all their actions , and enterprises whatsoever , were as black and dark as hell ; a generation of such profligate wretches , both in morals , and principles , as no age , or government can parallel ; so insolently base , as neither law , nor reason could limit their arbitrary wills ; and yet withall so despicably vile , as their own creatures had them in equal contempt with all good men , and kick'd them down with an answerable scorn . there was indeed an old humorist last century , who writ an encomion neronis ; and de quevedo brings in judas making an ingenious apology for himself in hell ; but there was wit and fancy in those conceits , without any thing of intrigue , or mischievous design ; whereas here we are impos'd upon with one continu'd relation of right down forgeries , and pernicious innovations , on purpose to possess the people that knaves and fools are their best friends , to ruin the nation , in subverting all fundamental establishments , will conduce most to its interest , and that such devils as have already , or shall hereafter do it , ought to pass for angels of light , a just indignation hereat , hath caus'd me to continue my reflections upon this third volume ; wherein , nevertheless i design to be very brief , and shall only take notice of such passages as either directly or indirectly strike at the memory of our royal martyr ; or otherwise tend to the subversion of the monarchy in general , its foundation , and being . to which purpose i shall , 1. crave leave to expostulate a little with the author's friends , ( as they term themselves ) who set forth his memoirs , the last volume more especially , whether they have not a commonwealth design in publishing them , and do not give more than secret intimation thereof in their preface ? as likewise whether they can plead ignorance of several passages , and characters therein , being notoriously false and scandalous ? 2. i shall presume to give the true character of those execrable regicides , whom with so much art and daubing , they endeavour otherwise to represent . 3. shew with how little reason , and much malice , this last volume is swell'd up , to pretty nigh one half , with a collection of letters , and other papers , which had been frequently printed before , and every thing therein cavill'd at by them , as frequently , and fully reply'd to . sect . i. my first business then must be to expostulate with those worthy friends and admirers of the author , whether they have not a commonwealth design in publishing these venerable remains of his , and do not give more than secret intimation thereof in their preface , &c. yet i cannot believe they are any otherwise his friends , than agreeing in the same notions of commonwealthism , whereof they esteemed him a doughty patron ; for 't is generally presum'd the last of his acquaintance and confidents was s — by b — el , with whom those many reams of paper , he had , whilst grumbling in swisserland , emptied his gall into , were entrusted : and report speaks that he was trick'd of them by a republican confident who best understood to make the best of them , as well for the good old cause , as his own advantage ; which 't is further said the churlish nabal was very angry at , and would have resented accordingly , had not death interpos'd , and put an end to that dispute . the vsurper of the copy , having now got quiet , and sole possession , consulted , more than once , the whole calves-head fraternity , not without some representatives , as to the most creditable way of publishing ; where in conclusion , it was resolv'd to cut off the superfluities of that slovenly swiss dress 't was left in , and notwithstanding the books , and their many prejudices against france , send it forth in that allamode way of memoirs . for what reason they affected so much vmbrage as to date their preface from bern , and suppose the impression at vevay , i shall not concern my self ; had they said at darby it had been nigher home , and nigher truth too ; nay certainly so , by a little quibling transition from place to person . to come to their preface , which good books as little want , as good wine a bush , they begin with a stale common-place flourish of the reception the other volumes have found in most parts of europe , and the incessant inquiries of divers persons of worth and honour concerning these remains , &c. what reception they met abroad i have not heard , to be sure they are not yet translated into any foreign language , and dare engage they never will : but that the publisher hath had a very good market at home shall be readily granted , as well for what was formerly observ'd , that this age's vitiated palate relish nothing more than such crude unhealthy stuff , as feed the disease , rather than nourish the body ; as likewise all men of sence , and sober understanding were oblig'd to look into them , the better to refell those many cavills and conceits wherewith every superficial reader is not more easily impos'd upon , than forward to impose upon others . and really the only good i can possibly hope for , from the many forward abettors of such desperate all-destroying innovations , is that by degrees it may awaken such as apprehend much better , would they exert their parts , into a due consideration of the insolence and arbitrariness of this faction when in power , and that the same evil spirit possessing us once again , it would be more than seven times worse than at first . one thing i must take notice of by way of preliminary , as very artfully manag'd , by all the modern writers upon this subject , they bend their whole force against sir robert filmer , who writing at the beginning , or besore the wars , for so his patriarcha was , proceeded upon one grand postulatum , which the innocence and simplicity of those quiet times assented to for undoubted truth , and upon the acknowledgment of revealed religion , with the history of the creation , only from thence discover'd may indeed be cavill'd at , but not disprov'd ; the postulatum is this , that as god is soveraign lord of the v ; niverse , so here upon our little spot , ( this ant-hill , as lucian terms it , where men creep up and down , and quarrel each other for every despicable clod ) he delegated to mankind a superiority over all descended from him ; by which means as they are not free to choose whatever governors , or forms of government they please , so is there not the least danger of thraldom , or ill usage , under so natural , and indulgent an oeconomy ; for the treatment of children is quite different from that of servants or slaves ; which our republicans would most illogically inferr , and make much clamour about , vet nevertheless if the former the children be untractable , defective in their duty , and bounden respect ; 't is most incongruous to suppose , even from the dictates of common reason , they that gave them being , should be without a power of restraint , and controll . this sir robert lays down as the basis , the foundation of all regiment , from whence , as mankind multiply'd , it grew up from paternal , to monarchical , where the people too much resembling children , of a froppish , unmanageable disposition , 't is equally reasonable their common parent should here likewise have a judgment of discretion , to countenance , or chastise according to their different deportments : now as this is the origin from whence that worthy gentleman deduceth all government , so is it less liable to exception , oppression , &c. than any of those popular models this uneasie age is so fruitful of , and troublesom with ; but how readily any one may pervert anothers meaning , the common course of controversie unhappily discovers , where each one dresses up his adversary , as the heathens did the primitive christians , in the skins of wild beasts , or some such like terrible shape , and then loo the reader to fall upon , and devour them : whereas the foremention'd hypothesis , taken in a candid and true sence , as it gives no more power to the prince , than a father hath over his children , so is it most forward to grant all those rights and privileges , these busy men make such a noise and clamour about ; only designs to give them a true notion of the thing according to its original , its divine institution ; that so they might thankfully , and respectively enjoy them , without offending god , and disturbing , or subverting the peace , and welfare , of that community wherein they live . yet at the foremention'd severe rate is sir robert treated , in the former of those two treatises of government ; as if he design'd nothing but slavery , and oppression , to all mankind , and that nothing less could be deduc'd from the principles upon which he proceeds . and that folio of discourses written upon the same subject , by the honourable embassador of the commonwealth of england , ( a commendable character for a person of an ancient , and noble family , to be minister to such a pack of r — ) useth him in the like mistaken , ill-bred manner . and here i cannot but propound one thing which must be acknowledged reasonable , that since there are a new set of men so earnest to revive that old controversie of commonwealthism , they would act so squarely , be so ingenuous , as to make an universal search into the matter , consider those many enlargements others have made upon the foremention'd premisses ; for sir robert filmer only brake the ice , was indeed the first who dar'd to remonstrate the cursed consequences , and horrid impieties of that rebellion they were run into ; but , as already mention'd , writ only in general , according to the universally received maxims of precedent times , till the jesuit , and calvinist , set up , the one for the pope , the other for the people ; and so turn'd all things topsy turvy . i say therefore , it were more generous , and to the purpose , would they take notice , and reply to what hath been further on , with greater particularity , and exactness written upon this occasion : for the penquarrel went on with that of the sword , and was much more successful in every engagement ; it would be therefore no little satisfaction to all impartial enquirers , could these bold vndertakers be prevail'd upon , in a full reply , to answer what that prodigy of all reading , the most reverend and learned usher , writ , during the rebellion , tho' since printed ; of the power communicated by god to the prince , and the obedience required of the subject . and his worthy successor the great bramhall , did in the heat of the war write the serpent salve , in answer to a virulent libel , which contain'd all those popular delusions , the rebels then made use of to impose upon , and betray the nation . an ingenious young gentleman , mr. dudly diggs , did likewise at the same time write of the vnlawfulness of subjects taking up arms against their king : with many other unanswerable pieces of that nature , which these great sticklers , for their sovereign lords the people , or rather their own maggots , and wild projects , never did , nor never will take notice of . what dr. taylor hath likewise written of the supreme power in his cases of conscience , is too clearly stated for them ever to meddle with . and to come to what hath pass'd since the restauration in 60 ; when second's unaccountable remissness gave their demagogueships an opportunity of fermenting the people , to very nigh their 41 infatuations ; among others , a very learned , and most accomplish'd gentleman , sir george mackenzie , writ a little tract , call'd , jus regium , or the just and solid foundations of monarchy in general , &c. which tho' calculated more immediately for the meridian of his own country , yet may it indifferently serve for the whole island , with any other part of the civiliz'd world ; this piece more especially is what i would provoke the whole set of our reviv'd rota club to take notice of , and reply to , if they can ; for 't is writ both like a divine , and a lawyer , so concise , and yet withall so full upon each account , as nothing can be more exactly or clearly express'd : he there makes it appear how impossible it is , that all the people in any nation should be brought to consult of their publick concerns ; yet every private man and woman , according to these pretended laws of nature , this popular birth ▪ right , have an equal claim with the most pragmatical pretender , and potior est conditio negantis : observing further , that such plausible intrigues have been the common wheadle of insolent , factious spirits , to delude , and engage the rabbles assistance in subverting the present establishment , and if the attempt succeed , become really those grievances to the people , falsly suggested in the former , yet the ball being once set a running , the breach made , it can end in nothing but confusion ; for they that have subverted one government may justly expect a retaliation , and so the freak continu'd , or pursu'd , by one bautefeu after another , without the least prospect of redress . all which must be an undoubted consequence of what mr. sidney so positively lays down in those rhapsodies of his , sect. 4. part 3. that the people for whom the magistrate is created , can only judge whether he rightly perform his office , or not ; excellent judges without doubt , and very steady in their resolves : altho' tacitus who hath hitherto pass'd for a judicious historian , was of a quite different perswasion , in that he saith , plebi non judicium , non veritas : and tully , thought no mean statesman in the roman republick , passes the same censure , non est consilium in vulgo , non ratio , non discrimen , non diligentia , — ex opinione plurima , ex veritate pauca judicat : but our modern politico's understand better , or rather design otherwise , to be the gracchi , the marij of our times , nothing more satisfactory to their turbulent spirits , and bloody minds , than proscription , and slaughter . but to urge this a little further , how shall the people judge or determine when these their admired patriots or ring-leaders fall in pieces ? what a nonplus were they put to upon the conservators of their liberties , as they were held in hand , the presbyterians and independents being divided , whilst the army interpos'd to make the lesser part the whole ; the peoples judgment was then much regarded and their rights maintain'd , their purse , and persons altogether free , that was to be dispos'd of by their mercenary mamalucks not themselves ; till thus by incessant , and unsufferable impositions , that oppression , which according to solomon , makes wise men mad , made these fools sober , in which sensible mood , as the discreet athenian foresaw in the like case , they were for tearing in pieces all that occasion'd their mistakes and mischiefs . i had not mention'd the precedent pernicious maxim of the peoples being the venerable judges of their superiors actions , but for that it exactly agrees with what ludlow more than once inveighs against , in the then lord chief baron sir orlando bridgman , because , sitting chief commissioner at the tryal of the regicides , he had the assurance to tell the jury , that no authority , no single person , nor community of persons , not the people collectively or representative , have any coercive power over the king of england : great assurance this , yet is it much greater in the publisher , since all the books in his shop , and warehouse too , will scarce be able to fee any one lawyer of sense and reputation throughout the several inns of court , to averr the contrary , deny under his hand , that 't is not one main fundamental of our ancient monarchy , and upon which the whole government depends : is not then the printing thereof , to be aiding and assisting in something , which hath in former days been termed treason , and would not have pass'd without a due resentment , of what kind soever the monarchy were ? yet however forward they are to abridge others , mr. sidney lays it down as essentially necessary in his model , that the legislative power should be always arbitrary , and so it hath been , and ever will in such hands as theirs ; for what he adds , not to be trusted in the hands of any , who are not bound to obey the laws they make , is trifling , and depends solely upon their own choice ; neither will a partial respect to each other , ever suffer it to take place : whereupon 't is grown to a proverb in the low countries , he that goes to law with any in the government is either fool , or mad-man ; and here at home we may have observ'd , such as most vigorously oppos'd prerogative , have stood as earnestly upon , and been very forward to stretch their own privileges ; and yet we must not say , quis tulerit gracchos ? or think the people little redress'd , if both those buckets be not equally pois'd . this to be sure is a well known passage , that tho' the law took hold of munson , and harry marten , during cromwell's vsurpation , for their just debts , yet when sent for out of gaol to make a quorum of rumpers , 't is scarce a question whether they paid so much as their fees , and would not have had a revenge upon their creditors for committing them , had their tyranny continu'd , for so it really was , and hath ever been , since athens try'd the experiment of 30 for one . however in this we will join issue with them , that the supreme power in what hand soever it is , must be arbitrary , and vncontrollable ; and this hath been with great reason brought an argument for monarchy , as better in one , than many hands , especially according to our establishment , where , tho' the prince is free , his ministers are liable , and have been frequently call'd to an account for whatever infractions , or violations they made upon the laws ; an excellent temperament this , could it have been prosecuted with temper ; but that being a main desideratum among us , especially in the present case , hath too often turn'd the remedy into a disease , to say no more in so nice a point . but to return to our editors of this third volume , it will be requisite to take notice of those particular instructions in their preface , which they think , if not mistaken , may prove serviceable to the world. the first whereof is , that tho' the most violent animosity and desire of revenge had so possess'd the english court against those who had any part in the death of charles i. &c. whereto i reply , that ▪ t is scarce possible to suppose there should be any extream in the prosecution of those who had any part in the death of charles i. it was so horrid so execrable a fact as deserves all those curses of the 109 psalm , for tho' literally penn'd upon that unnatural rebellion of absolom , and achitophel , with their complices ; yet was it prophetically fulfill'd in judas , and the jewish sanhedrim , who betray'd and crucify'd the son of god : and may from thence be transferr'd to our sanhedrim at westminster , who seem'd studiously to copy that hellish original , and would have done the same by christ had he stood as much in their way . neither yet was the english court so violent as here represented , but quite on the contrary gave frequent checks , by messages , and otherwise , to those just resentments both lords and commons were often about , who look'd upon themselves as oblig'd both in honour and conscience , to make some expiation for that innocent blood , these sons of wickedness had shed like water on every side : and this ludlow owns , the lords were inclin'd to revenge their own order on the persons of some in the high court of justice , and to except one of the judges for every lord they had put to death , p. 34. and if true , as he relates , that a certain lord diverted it by naming one already dead , it cannot seem strange , considering how far himself was engag'd in the rebellion : nevertheless such little temporary evasions had taken no effect , but that the court in●erest constantly thwarted whatever look'd like severity , tho' never so just . from whence likewise the act of indempnity was most earnestly press'd , and at length pass'd in so free a manner , as most men of thought foresaw , and foretold , it would have little other effect , than to incourage the like villainies for the time to come , since after twenty years unparallel'd violations of all things sacred and civil , of god and his church , the king , and his people , their laws and liberties , with whatever else tended to the peace , and happiness of a nation , all should be pass'd by and pardon'd , without any exemplary punishment , more than a dozen , or fourteen such hardned wretches as would not own their regicidie to be a crime , or that the rebellion was not justifiable in the whole course thereof : all the rest of what sect or faction soever , by the magick of the foremention'd act were transform'd into as honest , faithfull , loyal subjects as ever wore sword , none so fit for business , or worthy to be trusted as they , nay , 't was made actionable to say they had been rebels ; altho' with aesop's cat there were daily discoveries , how much was retain'd of their pristine nature , and consequently how little they would act to the reputation , or interest of those , so earnest for , and affected with the metamorphosis . a late minister of state , in a neighbour kingdom , perhaps as great that way as this , or any other age hath produc'd , when dead , left by way of testament , or legacy to his royal master , several discourses equally relating to the past and future management of affairs : among others , there is one of rewards and punishments , upon which topick he makes it appear , that next god's blessing , they are the main support of a monarch , or any other government whatsoever ; and if so , it need not be further enquired , how , and by what defects , we have continu'd all along in so tottering a condition . i shall not much insist upon henry viii's . procedure against the northern rebels in his time , because it may be , not without something of truth , term'd cruelty ; but must observe that his daughter queen elizabeth , who is own'd on most hands , for wise , and good , and advis'd by those that were so , upon that little insurrection of the two earls , northumberland and westmorland , with their complices , had no less than seventy executed , and some hundreds beside punish'd in estate , and family ; by which means she never met the least disturbance of that kind , the long remaining part of her reign . but in the present case , it was usual with them to object , and take hold of the king's declaration from breda , which as it clear'd him from all designs of revenge , so they should have further consider'd , that he left all matters of punishment , for a free parliament to resolve what might be most proper in that way ; and was better than his word , to that ungrateful party , earnestly pressing both houses , to hasten that too general amnesty , who otherwise , had not the royal importunity interpos'd , were very much inclin'd , as aforesaid , to make full expiation for that rebellion and bloodshed , for which , upon their default , 't is to be fear'd , almighty god continues to take his own satisfaction . in short , as the king of heaven must be own'd on all hands the best precedent for any earthly potentate to imitate , so more especially in acts of justice , and mercy , who tho' he abounds in the latter , yet forgives no otherwise than upon repentance , and amendment , with some signal instances thereof ; which had it been observ'd in the case before us , might have conduc'd very much , to securing the nations peace , and saving the rebels souls . but perhaps these friends of the author will restrain this desire of revenge in the english court , to a design of assassinating such of the regicides as had escap'd abroad , about which they make a very false and insolent harangue , that they thought the most base , and treacherous ways of compassing their ends not to be rejected , whereas from his own relation the many attempts design'd upon his precious life , might in a great measure proceed from the fears of his guilty mind , for doubtless cain's curse was upon him to an high degree , otherwise he might have suppos'd swisserland to be a receptacle for other out-laws , beside him and his party , and not have suspected , that du pre , and rouz had a design to add their murther , to what they had already committed , but get a protection in the same manner with those royal murtherers , from their swiss excellencies ; and as they were all foreigners , which he mentions to be at , or hover about vevay , so he doth not make it appear , in the least , that they had any thing of correspondence with the english court , much less supply'd with treasure from thence ; tho' that and the infamy is most impudently charg'd in the preface . in like manner the countenance they pretended to from the dutchess of orleans might be forg'd by them , or him , for they are equally creditable , and 't is not likely , were such a thing design'd , they would imploy instruments , who dar'd not show their heads in france . neither , till lisle was cut off , do i find they suspected any thing of that kind , but to be seiz'd upon , and carried over the lake into savoy , and so convey'd for justice into england , as their friends okey , and the rest were ; for which he inveighs most bitterly against the dutch , as fearing it might be a leading case to himself . as for that one , the only person , they say , who fell the object of the english courts fury , neither ludlow nor his friends do make it any way appear they had encouragement from thence , but did it rather to gain an interest there , wherein too their expectations were much disappointed . to give the true matter of fact it stands thus ; three or four irish who had been in the french service , whether discharg'd , or otherwise desirous to get home , thought to signalize themselves by this bloody attempt , and find the more welcom reception , which was accordingly accomplish'd , and variously discours'd of here in england when done ; where the most , tho' they detested lisle , and all his works , were not satisfy'd with the way of taking him off ; nor car'd to converse with the persons who did it ; some of their own country ▪ men seem'd indeed to think otherwise , cry'd it up for an heroick act , and never wanting assurance at court solicitations , press'd earnestly to have them consider'd , whereby somewhat was done for them , mostly in military commands , during the dutch war , and afterwards as occasion serv'd ; to be sure as they were not put upon their first attempt , so never more imploy'd in any thing of that kind , whatever ludlow prates of that pitiful stocking mender car : one of those irish may be yet , i am sure was very lately , living upon his paternal estate , by virtue of the limerick articles , in his own country . in the mean while commend me to these prefacers , who can insult so boldly that their hero liv'd to see that tyranny brought to the last degree of contempt , which had taken such pains to destroy him ; his life doubtless according to his own relation must be very uneasie , from the many , whether real , or imaginary fears he continually lay under ; but then it must be the extremity of vexation , that they who alter'd the tyranny ( as their worships are pleas'd to phrase it ) would not let this monster of a regicide continue among them , but forc'd him back with as great remorse as the bad angels fell from on high ; and in all probability hastned his descent unto them . and i fansie 't is with no little regret to these his surviving friends , that there is any thing of that tyranny still continu'd among us , for the extirpation whereof they so much applaud their author . 2. for the next thing they think not unserviceable to the world , is that the tragical end of the king's judges , may instruct those who shall in future time appear in defence of liberty , &c , where first 't is a bold stroke to call them judges , murderers had been properer , but not so agreeable to the concern they seem all along to express for their miscarriage , and the hopes they have of its being undertaken again with wiser management , and consequently better success . whereas i dare confidently averr , that as the nation may be so far infatuated to let such pretenders to liberty once more act their parts , so in conclusion they will undoubtedly bring them to the like tragical end . 3. a further lesson we are to learn of these commonwealth sages , is from the cromwellian tyranny , ( which nevertheless carries with it an underhand stroak at monarchy in general ) that liberty , and a mercenary standing army are incompatible , and really i think so too , and yet withall am very much afraid , as their wisdoms have manag'd matters , no liberty can be preserv'd without one : for as aristotle observes in reference to his precedent times , that the first common-wealth among the greeks was made by the soldiers after the failing of monarchy : so upon an impartial retrospection into the transactions of the northern parts of europe these two last centuries , it will appear that commonwealthism , and standing armies began together , and occasion'd one the other ; for when the people were put upon rebelling for religion , pretended liberty of conscience to controul the magistrates just rights , carrying allthings by a mob reformation ; that christian simplicity , and reverential obedience , by which our forefathers had been taught submit not only for wrath , but conscience sake , was altogether superseded , and the civil power oblig'd to arm its self against this spiritual v ; surpation , which made every consistory a conclave , a commonwealth of popes , who perswaded their votaries , that to rebell against their prince , was to fight the lord's battle , and that the appointed time was now come for bringing into subjection all the kingdoms of darkness ; the sword being now drawn , upon this contradictory account to promote the gospel of peace , according to the usual event of war , met with different success , in some places the people prevail'd , and thereupon voted themselves a free state : in others the prince , and made the people sensible he beareth not the sword in vain : tho' it often happen'd that growing weary on either side , they breath'd in a truce or peace , till the one or other found a more convenient opportunity to revive the quarrel . thus it was in france ; thus in the netherlands , and several parts of germany ; and thus at last it came to be in england : now of all these different successes , i find each of them centre in this one fatal event ; they that became a free state are forc'd to keep a standing army , to maintain their imaginary liberty , and the people , tax'd and poll'd , ten times more than before , in order thereunto , and where the prince prevail'd , he is likewise forc'd upon a guard to prevent his libertine subjects from running into their former lunacies , and cannot be blam'd for making them bear the charge . and where there was cessations , or treaties , the soveraign power , what with art , and force , is become more absolute than ever , and repays , with denying all liberty , their at first unreasonable demands of too much . and now , to come home to our selves , as this spiritual freak began last among us , so cannot the wisest of men foresee , where , or when it will end , a good one none can expect ; which too must render us the more stupidly senseless , for that we ran wilfully upon the same rock , many of our neighbours had shipwrack'd on before our eyes ; made the like noise about religion , liberty , conscience , &c. till the mob was rais'd to force away the king , and then an army rais'd to bring him back , which army having after a bloody contest , ruin'd the king , and all his loyal adherents , fell upon their masters , turn'd out the presbyterian to gratifie the independent , and turn'd out the independent , to gratifie their general ; by which means that cunning toty-nos'd fellow set up his tyranny indeed , and made them all sneak to it most submissively . now from these premisses it clearly appears , that as our commonwealth reformers rais'd the army , so the army rid the commonwealth , which they have never fail'd to do at all times , and will continue the like course for the future , let them take what care they can . for these our prefacers discover themselves to be but owl-ey'd judges of light , to say , 't is as clear as the sun at noon day that the parliament by neglecting to put a period to the exorbitant greatness of oliver cromwell immediately after the battle at worcester , drew destruction upon themselves and the whole commonwealth , &c. cromwell ▪ and his creatures , wherewith he had fill'd the army , was long before to them as the tartar to the scotchman , would neither go as they would have him , nor let them go but as he pleas'd , altho' that last was a finishing stroke . but suppose the army had been disbanded , that little nest of cockatrices , would have been as much in danger from several other hands ; the cavalier party , tho' kept desperately down , was not in any manner dis-spirited ; and the main body of the nation was so exasperated at their insolent carriage , and abominable exactions , besides the contempt they had of their number , persons , and manners , that not one single order of theirs would have been obey'd , without a company of janizaries to inforce it ; nor they permitted to sit three days , or walk the streets with respect and security , as at last it happen'd ; for the nation , no longer able to bear their insolencies and tyranny , dispatch'd them and then the army ; and a happy riddance it was of both . after all therefore , upon a prospect of the whole , these unweildy projectors have brought the nation into so many odd dilemma's as a standing army among us , is like to be as the mathematici , astrologers , or figure-flingers with the romans , genus hominum quod semper vetabitur , & semper retinebitur ; if we have a common-wealth they must have an army to support them , ruin the church , crush the nobility , keep down the gentry , with what else they please when they once get the power : and if we have a monarchy there must be somewhat of an army , by way of security from the continu'd underminings of such unquiet spirits as understand nothing of true government , yet think it cannot be well unless in their hands , according to their maggotty fancies , and humorsome capricio's ; this , i say , is the condition their wisdoms have brought us into ; an army we can hardly be without , and yet how faithfull that army will be to any but themselves , that is their continuance , and perpetuity , we have more than once seen , on each side , and are in a likely way to see more than once again . this monstrous tyranny of cromwell's vsurpation is represented with one further aggravation of his basha's under the name of majors general , which were indeed sufficiently grievous , tho' a just return upon such as had groul'd and clamour'd at the mildest administration of their rightful prince's undoubted prerogative ; yet after all 't is a clodius moechos for the commonwealth party to charge cromwell with that , or any other such barbarous impositions , since he did but transcribe the copy they had set him ; particularly his majors general were but a single person to their committees , and nothing nigh so insolent as that underhand commonwealth of basha's , plac'd by them in all counties throughout the kingdom , to sequester every man's estate , and imprison his person , whom they suspected to dislike their proceedings , or uneasie to pay their most intolerable exactions . take one specimen thereof from that hogon-mogon committee at goldsmiths-hall , from this following order , these are to give you notice , that by virtue of an ordinance of the 27th . of october last , you are assessed to lend the summ of fifty pounds of lawful english money , to be paid for our brethren of scotland , for their assisting of us in this war ; and that you are forthwith to pay the same , to mr. waring , and mr. herring , treasurers at goldsmiths-hall , according to the said ordinance ; and that if you shall fail to pay the same , within 8 days after the date of this ticket , you shall forfeit for every day , after the 8 days , the twentieth part of the summ so sessed , and shall likewise pay 2 s. in every pound over and above to the collectors that are appointed to levy the same , if you shall suffer your self to be distrain'd . dated this 7th . day of may , 1644. john prat , clerk to the committee . to mr. john sadler , of the parish of stephen walbrook . was there ever any thing so arbitrary and imposing upon a free people , and too by a set of men who had the impudence with the same breath , to hold the people in hand they stood up for their freedom ? yet of such committees , as there were several in london , so did they proceed to establish them in the associated counties , and with the cursed prevalence of their power the whole kingdom thorough , where every honest , loyal gentleman was forc'd to appear a delinquent , and be us'd at pleasure , as you see in the foremention'd order . and this i cannot but further observe as an unreasonable and most wilfull partiality , in our prefacers , and indeed all their adherents , that every thing from a single person , is right down tyranny , and what all people who regard their liberty may stand up against , and justly defend themselves from ; but these commonwealth scorpions must not be complain'd of , tho' their little fingers were all along thicker than the others loins , every ordinance from them as absolve , and as severely executed as the grand seignior's bow-string . what they further add , that cromwell's , and his basha's tyranny compelled the people to suffer the return of charles ii. is altogether false , for tho' they were not pleas'd in the least with his many perfidious enterprizes , which were all unmask'd in assuming the supreme power ; yet was it thought easier , than the fordid impositions of the fag end , the worst part of a parliament , which had done so much mischief to the nation , and from whose many corruptions that glaring meteor arose , with so fatal an aspect in our horizon . besides , he manag'd his vsurpation with so much art , and treachery , as there was little hopes of the king's return during his life , tho' frequent plots about it , and some worthy loyal gentle-men cut off upon that account ; indeed the plots were thought most of his making , the common stratagem of all usurp'd powers . but when he was gone to his proper place , and his sons half-witted management , made way for the rump's once more treading the stage ; the sun's approach is not more certainly expected in the spring , than every one seem'd to be of our old establishments , that legal monarchy , and rightful succession , which with so much madness , and folly , such a prodigious expence of blood , and treasure , had by several violent factions been 20 years oppos'd , and it happen'd accordingly , notwithstanding the divided parties endeavour'd a coalition , and otherwise most indefatigably apply'd their last efforts to save themselves from the gallows , which their own consciences could inform them how justly deserv'd , and 't is a thousand pities , they were more afraid , than hurt . the last inference these friends of the author thought fit to raise , is as groundless , and false , as any of the former , charging charles ii. of ingratitude to the presbyterians , who had so well deserv'd of him , by betraying all into his hands , &c. whereas they never deserv'd well of him ; nor did him any good they could prevent . 1. they never deserv'd well from him , but on the contrary , were the original promoters , and chief managers , for the six first years , of all our national miseries and confusions : 't was from their inducement the scots began to disturb the happy quiet and repose both kingdoms were in ; lay'd the ground-work of our rebellion by theirs , paid them for it in a most profuse manner , and thereby engag'd them to assist at a dead lift ; which wholly unking'd their sovereign , and made him become a prey to the avarice of the one , and arrogance of the other , which too shamefully appear'd by their insolent rudeness , and scandalous restraint at holmby ; and how far further they would have proceeded , had not the army taken him out of their hands , may be well suppos'd from the continu'd course of that stubborn crew ; for tho' ( their janizaries having given them an essay what they must expect , by excluding the most leading members , and threatening the rest ) a treaty , was condescended to in the isle of wight , yet were the preliminaries so innovating , and dethroning , so destructive to all fundamentals in church , and state ; and therein so grating upon his majesty's honour , and conscience , that he thought death more eligible than such unreasonable concessions ; which too their dilatory proceedings , till the army had suppress'd the last efforts of loyalty , to rescue their sovereign , very much conduc'd to , and might by a just , and honourable compliance , have otherwise prevented . this no man can deny to be a true , tho' brief account of the old king's treatment from that haughty , self-will'd set of men. and that they would have been as imposing upon his son , could they have carried matters according to their own minds , is as little to be doubted , whatever these men prate of betraying all into his hands . the comedian representing the beggars at the choice of their king , ( for it seems that kingdom is elective , and such are always beggarly , or thereby made so ) when voted , brings in one of his ragged retinue , haranguing him , among others , with this expression , now thou art king , who would not have thee so ; which was constantly apply'd by the old cavalier party , to those empty shews of respect , and hollow acclamations of praise , wherewith they who forc'd , and kept him out , were most clamorous at his restauration ; would have none thought so loyal , faithfull , and true as themselves : among the rest , the presbyterian , indeed was most assuming , for having the twelve years last past been kept , with very great regret , from doing any considerable mischief , by those viperous sects which crawl'd forth of their own bowels ; and upon this account , out of revenge rather than any good principle , held a correspondence with the king , and his adherents in exile ; at the restauration step'd before all the loyal sufferers which had constantly adher'd to the true interest of church and crown , highly advanc'd in honour , place , and profit ; so that quite contrary to these prefacers impertinent suggestions , instead of the presbyterians betraying all into the king's hands , he betray'd himself and his cause into theirs , and as soon as opportunity serv'd , they made several attempts to use him accordingly , but the people were grown too much libertines for their rigours , and the monarchy was not so soon to have their covenant shackels forc'd upon it , although they indeavoured most earnestly at the restauration to have it upon the isle of wight articles , which their cloak-men incessantly bellow'd for , and their chiefs underhand strenuously indeavour'd the same ; among others , this passage is a clear proof ; the hot lord hollis , from the beginning a most violent biggot in that cause , would , to his dying day , among his confidents , with great earnestness of passion , call monk that rogue , because giving him and his party a meeting at the earl of northumberland's , he promis'd to bring in the king upon the isle of wight terms , and basely fail'd them : now as i believe on the one hand he never intended to gratify them , if such a promise was made , so could he not , tho' really intended , have brought it about ; for whatever his design was at first , and his close deportment conduc'd not a little to what he accomplish'd , the incessant petitions he met with from every corner of the kingdom for a free parliament gave him full information , how the nations pulse beat , and what alone would satisfie them , that is without regarding parties , and factions , to be as we were before fallen in pieces ; and therefore to set the saddle upon the right horse , the pretended severity these men charge the king withall , was really in the parliament , the majority whereof were a set of as worthy understanding gentlemen as ever assembled upon that account , who resolv'd to go upon the old principle , to re-establish the nation upon those well-pois'd , long experienc'd constitutions which faction and folly had so fatally perverted : 't was they were uneasie at so general an indemnity , thinking such as had been accustomed so long in mischief , could not leave off playing the old game , without some further security ; 't was they press'd , and brought on the act of vniformity , how little to the satisfaction of a too prevalent party at court , appear'd in that the winter following an attempt was made to supersede it by a toleration : in fine , whatever the good old king would have had from a parliament , during his reign to make us the happiest people upon earth , this would have most readily establish'd ; but the papist , and presbyterian rendred all abortive . thus have i run over and made some remarks upon such instructions as our prefacers thought fit to observe from this third volume ; not but they grant it doth afford many other more useful reflections , which is the truest word hath come from them , and therefore having their leave , or at least acknowledgment , i shall presume to cull out two or three , perhaps as serviceable to this world of ours , as any we have had from them . 1. the fanatick , the commonwealth party , were never without some plot or other , both at home and abroad against the ancient establish'd government , this monarchy , this tyranny of ours , as upon all occasions they term it , since the restauration . and this i fansie hath discover'd a very blind side in the author's friends to make so publick a declaration , of what hitherto was kept a secret : for till now all plots were laid at the papists door , they alone must be thought the continu'd underminers of our peace and welfare , and accordingly we have had several prosecutions against them , ay , and executions too , upon the evidence and oaths of such profligate wretches , as ought not to have pass'd for the hanging a dog : but such a thing as a protestant plot , was not to be thought of among the holy brotherhood , and godly party ; they diffented indeed as to forms of religious worship , and tho' a king in our israel , must have liberty to do what seemeth right in their own eyes , and this is the utmost of their demand , a little schism they must have , but for sedition , being dissatisfy'd with the government , giving any disturbance to the civil power , was never admitted into their thoughts , they were as innocent , as free from that , as so many two year old devils : and tho' the ▪ assassination at the rye was own'd by the very partisans engag'd , and their many consults in order to other disturbances fully made appear , yet not taking effect , must not be believ'd , such good people cannot be suspected of any mischievous design , unless accomplish'd , and then 't is god's cause and their glory : whereas this author is very frank , and deals plainly in the matter ; for tho' he had not fix'd his correspondence in sixty one , and will scarce credit that for which overton , desborough , &c. were secur'd , because his excellency was not consulted in the matter . neither doth he mention what blood told him was design'd in ireland , because that fellow's reaching head discover'd how little he had of what his party cry'd him up for ; altho' it was about that time he tells , p. 118. vpon the prodigality of the english court , &c. his friends in all parts began to entertain hopes , that they might again be imploy'd to rescue their country from servitude . in which posture of affairs , col. algernon sidney , who since monk acted his treacherous part , had resided at rome , and other parts of italy , thought convenient to draw nearer home , that if opportunity offer'd , he might not be wanting to his duty and publick service ; a very commendable duty , and laudable service to embroil his country in continu'd confusions , which till brought to the block , we find this colonel incessantly engag'd in , and very earnest with ludlow to set forward with him , and put to his helping hand : especially upon the first dutch war , when his generalship was accosted on every side , and by every party , french , dutch , the devil and all : then it was the foremention'd person of honour press'd him to declare his concurrence , p. 165. and his brother regicide say , tells him from amsterdam , the ruin of the present government in england is certainly intended , and that he had cause to believe would be effected , p. 168. for that a considerable number in england , scotland , and ireland , will appear for us , &c. afterward de witt , and newport courted him at an high degree ; and his friend sidney invited him to meet at basle , that they might go together to paris , the better to carry on the vndertaking : say and brisco , add moreover , that if he will resolve to come , all the exiles would accompany him , otherwise not a man stir , p. 188. that great obstacle likewise of his three friends , okey , &c. was set in a true light , not so foul as represented ; with full assurance to his worthy self , and party , of an honourable reception , and secure abode with them . notwithstanding all which fair proffers , this cunning old fox would not stir out of his swiss den ; and had reason , for tho' we grant his brutish courage fear'd a sword as little as his fellows , yet a gibbet he could not digest : and further to recommend his prudence , in this his cautious deportment , he tells us , as the war was ended without the least advantage to his friends , or cause ; so he foresaw it all along , that the dutch were a mercenary people , and having secured their trade , and other advantages , made a peace , so far from doing them any good , as on the contrary they promis'd to deliver up those call'd regicides into the hands of the king's ministers ; and deal with all persons , who should be declared fugitives , or rebels , in the same manner . a sad disappointment this : may such ever attend them . 2. my next observation is an appendix of very nigh affinity to the former , viz. that men of fanatick commonwealth principles , will never live quietly under any monarchy whatsoever ; let it be of god , or men , nay , from their very selves , 't is all one , they will submit no longer than needs must , and be very uneasie whilst compell'd thereto ; of all which the foremention'd characters , as well as practices , which ludlow and his prefacers bestows upon it , are an abundant confirmation , for they vouchfafe it no other appellation than tyranny , perfect tyranny , in the harshest sence the word is now taken , and that which all free people ought to extirpate with the utmost abhorrency , and detestation : directly according with what i have already mention'd of their admired sidney's maxim , that the people are sole judges of their superiors actions ; and foreseeing a very weighty objection to lie in the way , such a course would make the remedy worse than the disease , give occasion of continual tumults and civil wars ; he very slightly replies , civil war , in machiavel's account , is a disease , tyranny the death of a state. some other authorities might have pass'd better than machiavel's , but for want of better , his must serve the turn ; had that unhappy gentleman consider'd his fate , it might have prevented his own , which tho' for nothing else , this dangerous position most justly deserves : that any man of sence should say civil war is but a disease ! can any thing be more mortal to a state ? have not all tyrannies commenc'd from thence ? with unavoidable oppression , and slavery to whatever people fall under that worst of curses : yet how far our publishers have taken this infection , appears in that they presume so boldly to use the same epithet , tyranny , all is tyranny with them , tho' never more was known , than from the no conduct of such rash unexperienc'd phaetons ; and therefore to disswade them from any future attempts , 't is my desire they would transferr that admonition , in their close given the presbyterians , and apply it to themselves ( since altogether as agreeable ) a revenge taken against those who will not let us possess all , is a slender satisfaction for the hazard of utter ruine . 3. there is but one thing more i will return upon these critical observers , and that shall relate to their admired author himself , how they can justifie that ostentation , and applause , he so fulsomly assumes in every the most trivial undertaking : the first volume , is more than one half stuff'd with such vain-glorious rhodamontades . his defence of warder castle fills more paper , than sir vere's relation of the famous ostend siege ; when he was only block'd up to prevent his , and his fellow rebels plundering the loyal gentlemen in the neighbourhood ; and could the king , who , good man , was ill furnish'd that way , and had greater occasion for them elsewhere , have spared two or three large battering-pieces it would have been beaten about their ears in as few hours ; for want of which they were starv'd into a surrender : in like manner when prisoner , how vainly doth he relate the many importunities to forsake his party , and upon his resolving to continue rebel , what valuable persons were proffer'd in exchange , as if the fortune of either side had depended upon this great almanzor's abetment ; when in truth , tho' that cursed turn rais'd so much dust as choak'd the whole kingdom , yet his part in it was no more than aesop's fly , he did what mischief he could , but his vaunts far excell his performances . neither was he valuable for any thing more in their civil transactions than a grough positive humor , resolutely bent upon whatever his own will suggested , of which unmanageable disposition he gave an early specimen that little while he was at trinity-college oxon , where the then president kept a strict discipline , and would frequently moderate at the young students disputations himself : it happen'd upon a time this positive sir was engag'd in an argument about their species intentionales and reales , or some such like topick , for he confidently affirm'd something to be real , which was very far from it , the good dr. endeavour'd to convince him by this following instance , the fox wagging his tail , and seeing its shadow upon the wall , said it was an horn , was that an horn , quoth he to ludlow ? yes it was a horn , a real horn. wherein he so pertinaciously persisted , as the old man fell into a little passion , and put an end to that debate , with this resolve , well if it be a horn , then toot it , you fool you : how it was express'd in latin was not related ; but i had the passage from a right reverend person , of great eminency , who sometime after was in the same presidentship , and upon a general discourse of fanatick obstinacy , gave this particular instance how naturally some mens dispositions lead them thereto . for at the same contradicting rate he went on in the whole course of his life ; and tho' as heavy as lead , yet as stiff as iron , would bend to none , but break all other mens measures , both good and bad , that did not come up to his levelling projects , ( for that was his common epithet , ludlow the leveller ) with two or three such whimsical nostrums of his , as destructive to humane society as crude mercury to the natural body . with the like arrogant fondness he relates how earnest they were to compliment him into the lieutenant-generalship of ireland ; whereas had not pride and pertinacy altogether blinded his vain mind , half an eye might have discover'd there was no consideration of his abilities in the proposal , but a trick of cromwell's to remove him out of the way , that the dark designs he had in agitation here might receive no obstruction from such an unweildy fellow , as might force him upon more severity than was requisite in the infancy of his usurpation . and this surther appears upon ireton's death , for he being next in command , should have in course come into the chief , whereas his name was never so much as thrown up among them , but first lambert was propounded , and then fleetwood top'd upon him , as most proper to keep him under , when his new father-in law should top them all , and civilly detain him from coming home , that he might not be as insolent to the vsurper , as he had been to his natural sovereign . we are now to follow him into swisserland , where he highly applauds the reception they met with , neither indeed could all europe have afforded them a properer place , the devil and collier , not being more alike , than these guests , and their entertainers : yet the character he gives them of the illustrious , high and mighty sovereigns , and most honoured lords , their excellencies of bern , would make one think them the most august assembly ever sat at the helm of any government , the roman senate was nothing to them ; whereas in truth never such a company of clodpated clowns assum'd the title of magistrates ; but since agreeable both to place , and people , they pass for tolerable there , whom a more civiliz'd nation would by no means endure ; at their first defection from the house of austria , as they had but few gentry among them , and fewer engag'd with them , so they made an order that none should be admitted into their new establish'd government ; and their plebeianships have ever since proceeded accordingly , without regard to honor , integrity or good manners : as their strong bodies , and hardy constitutions qualifie them for war , so their necessitous condition engage them to lease-out their lives to that bloody trade , upon which account likewise they too often prostituted both souls , and consciences , in most perfidious violations of whatever engagements they entred into , as the french , spaniard , and milanese successively experienc'd : one of these did since six them , tho' at a dear rate , upon their first stipulation , but is now upon better terms ; and may by degrees prescribe to them according to their own measures . this composition of rocks and cataracts , was the asylum of our regicides , and properly enough , as already said , for that both the climate was most agreeable to their rough , severe dispositions , and the government , the first commonwealth rebels , as well temporal , as ecclesiastick , of these later ages . nevertheless had our king been in any measure so sollicitous to apprehend , or disturb him , and his fellows , as they would hold the world in hand , it might have been easily done . 't is own'd how much geneva suspected their power of protection , if demanded , p. 104. and tho' mr. humelius one of the bern ministers , ( who with the english tongue , had got the fanatick taint ) engag'd some in the government to stand their friends ; yet had our king , assisted by his brother of france's recommendation , press'd earnestly to have them deliver'd up to justice , 't is probable they would have given them notice to slip away , the utmost kindness they could have shown : out-laws , and that for king-killing may find some private , but no publick abettors , and whatever government doth so , ought to be adjudg'd a common enemy by all monarchs in the world. sect . ii. my next province is to give the true character of those execrable regicides whom ludlow , and his publishers , endeavour with so much art and daubing otherwise to represent ; for the little account they give of the revolution doth not concern me , and is withall so mean and trivial , so deeply ting'd with the partiality and prejudice of a violent faction , as it looks more like an invective than history , taking every occasion to lash at those of his old acquaintance , who not having so deeply engag'd , were not oblig'd so cursedly to persevere ; and inveighs against the king and court , as if still on th' other side the water ; tho' it appear'd otherwise from his own confession , for finding how unsafe it was to stay longer in england , he scamper'd away as well as he could , and much applauds his own conduct in the retreat , pass'd incognito through france , and arriv'd at that grand sanctuary of sedition and schism , geneva ; where his first letters from home inform'd him , how ten of his brother regicides being accus'd of having in their several stations contributed to the death of the king , had been condemned , and executed , p. 59. the reflections he makes as to the tryals being put off , till the new sheriffs came on , is meer cavil , for had love the old sheriff , been never so factious and obstinate , and return'd a jury all of the same kidney , the matter of fact was so apparent , and foul , as they must have found them guilty , or come under the same praemunire : but so great a concern as that , necessarily required an extraordinary commission , and the many weighty affairs upon resetling a nation so long in such a chaos of confusion , would not permit their tryals to come on sooner , perhaps not so soon , but for the approaching term. he continues to carry on his cavils against the commissioners , at some because they had been engag'd in the rebellion with them , at others because they adher'd to the king against it , so that 't is not possible to please them unless permitted to judge in their own cause , or have it post-pon'd , as the welshman desir'd , till the last day , whereas upon the whole , there was never known a commission of more able understanding persons , both for law and parts , than sat upon that sad occasion , nor any tryal manag'd with more temper , patience , and all other kinds of fair carriage towards the prisoners , as the worthy sir william wyld then recorder of london told them , they forgat their barbarousness to the good king , they would not hear him , nor his just allegations , who shuffled now with all the dilatory impertinencies imaginable , and the court with an unwearied compliance let them go on : and for this author , or rather his friends , to publish the quite contrary nigh forty years after , is the heighth of baseness , and by way of penance , might i prescribe it , they should be oblig'd to reprint , for 't is very scarce , the tryal of the regicides , that the truth , the whole truth , and nothing but the truth may appear , and moreover all the party oblig'd to read it too , which i fansie would be very uneasie , the alchoran would down with them ten times better . yet this must be own'd , ludlow had certainly read those tryals , for the account he gives of his friends , what they said by way of defence , or extenuation , is taken almost verbatim from thence , without the least notice of what was rejoin'd upon them , either by court or councel , as to matter of fact , or law. is such a man fit to write an history ? inform posterity of the truth of things ? or his publishers men of reputation and integrity , to impose such things upon the world ? the first he gives us an account of in this martyrology of hell is his friend harrison ; concerning whom , because nothing is mention'd of his parentage , and education , as he constantly doth , when worth taking notice of ; the world may know he was a butcher's son of newcastle vnderline staffordshire , plac'd clerk to an attorny in clifford's inn , and when out of his time became a kind of pettifogger in that way of practice , and was infamous enough for it , which might occasion him , when the war brake out , to exchange his pen for the sword ; yet in this neither did he make any considerable advance till the self-denying ordinance open'd the way for such mechanick reformers , when likewise , tho' perhaps stout enough , he was more beholding to his confidence , than courage , for having a tongue well hung , the effect of his pettifogging profession , by his enthusiastical preaching , and great pretences to piety , he became admir'd by the army , and advanc'd by cromwell to a major-general ; being one of his chiefest confidents , and accordingly made use of by him , to break the presbyterian junto , convey the king from hurst-castle to st. james's , in order to his murder , wherein he acted according to his descent , with more than a butcher's cruelty . this is ludlow's hero , who when brought to the bar , did not sneak like sir hardress waller , but pleaded not guilty , and justify'd the sentence pass'd upon the king , and the authority of those who had commission'd him to act as one of his judges , p. 61. and so continues his cants , and flourishes , impudently owning what he saw evidently prov'd , alledging that it was done by authority of parliament , and could not be question'd in any inferiour court , which being a point of law , he desir'd councel might be assign'd on that head , but the court over-rul'd it . thus far ludlow , as to their pleadings , and no further mentioning ( according to his base partiality already observ'd ) what the court so fully reply'd to every branch of their allegations , both as to the reason of the thing , and matter of law. now since this weak , and slender thred , was the sole strength the whole set of regicides had to hang upon , till they came to the rope , i shall here once for all give an account of what the court reply'd to that subterfuge of theirs , so full and clear , that had the publishers consulted the reputation of their party , they would never have given occasion of its coming afresh under debate . to that request of having councel assign'd to justifie the authority by which they acted , 't was thought a piece of new treason to demand it , for that their pretended parliament was so far from being so , that it consisted not of more than the eighth part of a house of commons , pack'd together by those very persons now arraign'd , the better to gloss over , and carry on their traiterous designs : upon which account it was further declar'd , that the king and lords cannot do any thing without the commons ; nor the king and commons without the lords ; nor lords and commons without the king ; and for the prisoner to excuse , nay , justifie himself , upon pretence of being impowered , by one house , nay the eighth part of an house , to condemn their king , whom no authority upon earth can call in question , and without whom both houses together cannot take away the meanest subjects life , deserves not only reproof but sentence , without going any further . this point of law ludlow takes no notice of , altho' it 's a most reasonable return to every one of their pleas , for they all harp'd upon the same string . the military men , no members , would have been excus'd , for that , according to their profession , superiors orders were to be obey'd without dispute ; as indeed they were fairly bringing the whole nation to military-law . such as were members insisted upon looking back to the declarations and remonstrances , from 41 forward , which was indeed a just , tho' spiteful reflection upon the presbyterian party for vnkinging his majesty , but could not in the least justifie their vnheading him , and the others not going along with them so far , thought it might extenuate their going so far as they did , tho' doubtless it was rebellion from the beginning , however in those healing times , as the term went , they were rather for skinning , than searching the wound too far , whereby notwithstanding the cure was never the better ; to be sure their plea was altogether frivolous , and as the court told carew , tended not only to justifie the action , but to cast a ball of division among those that were present ; and further added to scot , that to expatiate in the manner he was going , tended to making a new government , ( which is the highest treason next to murdering the king in the world ) subvert the laws , and affirm a few of the commons , nay , if they had been whole , the legislative power of the kingdom . another general observation to be made , because in common to them all , is the principle upon which they acted , the light within them , the cursed enthusiasm of their rebel hearts ; so harrison declar'd , he followed not his own judgment , what he did , he did as out of conscience to the lord , from whence he received rather assurances than otherwise . and carew likewise , what he did was in the fear of the lord , and obedience to his holy and righteous law. and so most of the rest went on in the same cant , whereby all the laws of god , and man , must be superseded , as sir o. b. told them , to their obdurate hard'ned hearts , and seared consciences . to begin with the laws of the land , they being so directly contrary to this bloody unprecedented fact , there was a never heard of way of process found out , in the name of the people , for which they were beholding to parsons the jesuit's pestilent discourse of the succession of the crown , penn'd to stir up sedition in queen elizabeth 's time , or at her death to prevent king james 's quiet establishment in the throne ; but failing then it serv'd the turn of these jesuited fanaticks most cursedly , and to that purpose was reprinted in 48. with a different title , but otherwise very little difference , and gave the subject matter to that impudent charge against the king , with bradshaw's as insolent enlargements , and replies , to his most reasonable and legal allegations . 't is nevertheless probable the whole pack of bloodhounds knew not from whence the notions were taken , and who first started them , but such only as laid the design , and loo'd on the rest ; nay , some thought that bradshaw and cook , tho' they only appear'd upon the stage , as to the law pageantry , yet were no more than properties to ol. st. johns , who stood behind the curtain , and was chief assistant to cousin cromwell in all that cursed contrivance . to be sure this trial once set in motion , all the foremention'd curs took the scent , and ran away with it most furiously , and 't is probable some of them thought they did god and the nation as good service as the scribes and pharisees when they crucify'd our saviour . thus carew excepted against that form of the inditement , which said , he had not the fear of god before his eyes , but was mov'd by the devil , with a traiterous malitious heart , &c. whereas he could say in the presence of the lord it was done in his fear , &c. and harrison cants most profoundly of his feeling the terrors of the presence of the lord , that was with his servant in those days , ( and however it seem'd good to him to suffer this turn at present ) he believ'd e're long it would be made known from heaven , there was more of god in it than men were aware of . at which blasphemous rate , all the rest , more or less , went on , to charge heaven with their infernal deeds ; so that since that of the jews , there is no record extant of such a body of men so hellishly possess'd ; which i shall have occasion further on to take notice of more particularly . there is one thing more i presume it may not be improper to acquaint the reader , among the former informations ; that however the government took care , that their tryals should be taken in short hand , and faithfully printed ; no such thing was done at their execution , perhaps scarce thought possible for the throng ; or otherwise that so much impertinent babble , and spiritual nonsence , nay many times blasphemy , was not to be taken notice of , since the last time they would trouble the world in that kind . this defect the brotherhood supply'd by printing the speeches and prayers of some of the late king's judges , viz. &c. together with several occasional speeches and passages in their imprisonment , &c. and altho' they assure the reader of great veracity in the whole performance , yet many times in relating what they spake , or pray'd , 't is usher'd in with that common salvo , to this effect ; and whoever will have patience to read over what is there related of , or by them , cannot imagine how any one , unless truly inspir'd , not a fanatick pretender , whose memories generally are as weak as their judgments , should carry off , such abominable presumptions , and religious delusions , wherewith every one of them , according to that account , were undoubtedly possess'd ; none of the primitive martyrs left the world with so much assurance , and self-justification as these wretches ; they doubted no more of heaven , than the executioner of their cloaths , tho' they had as little reason to hope for it as judas , dying with less remorse , and recognitions of their abominable impieties ; never considering what others take for sound doctrine , that tho' their consciences accus'd them not , yet were they not thereby justify'd , since there is one greater than their consciences , and knoweth all things ; but what hath been in all ages observ'd as to the ill management of temporal affairs , may be here apply'd in a spiritual sence , quos vult perdere deus , prius dementat . this fanatick legend of the regicides , with the foremention'd tryals , one of which proves them the most impudent traytors ever subverted government ; the other the most desperate enthusiasts ever abus'd religion , are so cull'd and falsify'd by this our author , as to perswade the world they were true patriots , and great saints ; with how little reason i shall make appear by a particular survey of his characters ; and with the greater brevity , because these general remarks , have gone very far therein . to return therefore to harrison , from whom we digress'd , who , as our author tells us , justify'd the sentence pass'd upon the king , and the authority of those who had commission'd him to act , &c. the court might have order'd an hasty verdict , and pronounc'd as quick a sentence , as he falsely suggests ; but they with unaccountable temper attended all his insolent evasions , and impudent demands of councel , &c. and would he have attended to any thing of law or reason , must have been satisfy'd with their over-ruling his demands . he trifled as much as contains between 3 and 4 pages in a large quarto of their tryals , before he would plead guilty , or not guilty , till finding he would be entred mute , the same with judgment , he cry'd , not guilty : and for how he would be try'd it must be according to the law of the lord , that of god and his country being , as he said , vain words , which nevertheless he was forc'd to come to ; which was the more foolish , and humorsome in him , for that being brought up in the law , he could not but understand , that way of procedure to be a necessary form , and not to be dispenc'd with . neither can i take it for any thing more than a fanatick story , that is a lye , when he tells us the executioner was in a more than ordinary dress , or place , than usually assign'd him in court , where he is an attendant in course , and by office. and if he declar'd going out of the court after sentence pronounc'd , that he had no reason to be asham'd of the cause engag'd in , it was the greater shame for him , and had he met with that barbarous usage , the royal party is so falsely charg'd to have shown him , it would have been but a just return . with like rude and groundless reflections , he proceeds to the place of execution , where chairing-cross formerly stood , that the king might have the pleasure of the spectacle , and inure himself to blood , p. 69. and was there no other reason to be given ? yes surely , not so much that the court might look towards them , as they toward the banquetting-house , out of which they led their sovereign to the slaughter . and for the king 's inuring himself to blood , the fanaticks had great reason to complain , who hazarded his life , and shock'd his monarchy , by that fond impossibility of obliging them . for his execution ▪ and declaration before it , 't was according to his life , desperate enthusiasm , abusing almighty god more by his presumptions ▪ than had he absolutely defy'd him . and here i had left this desperate wretch , but for one passage which i am sure ludlow did not like , and 't is probable his friends will be as little pleas'd with ; in the foremention'd fanatick legend , which begins with this brother , we are told the sheriff sent three divines to discourse him upon several heads , whereof one was the breaking the old parliament ; to which he reply'd , that was the act and design of cromwell , he knowing nothing of it , till call'd by him to go along as an assistant that morning it was done : yet afterward , saith he , i was glad of it , as seeing they did intend to perpetuate themselves , without doing those desirable things which were expected and longed for by the lord's people ; and if the lord's people were not satisfy'd with them , i am sure all others were much less ; and yet we have a new club of politico's so much made up of contradiction , as to applaud those contemptible villains . the next was mr. john carew , a gentleman of an ancient family , saith ludlow , and that family not a little asham'd , say others , he should so basely degenerate . 't is further said he was brought up to the law , altho' at his arraignment he shew little skill therein , for that he would save to our lord jesus christ his right to the government of these kingdoms , before he would plead not guilty ; i presume he had enroll'd himself among the fifth monarchy gang , an unreasonable set of men , who might have liberty to expect christ's coming as long as they please , provided they would submit to the present government in the mean while , but till then they will be govern'd by none but themselves , and of all mankind none are so far from christ's way of governing . how justly the court stopt his impertinent excursions is already mention'd ; and 't is like our author to tell us what this prisoner reply'd upon mr. annesly's particularly chargeing him with the exclusion of the members in 48. that it was strange to find a judge upon the bench , give evidence as a witness in the court ; this , i say , ludlow terms an irregular proceeding , unbecoming a court of judicature , and all the while stifles what the lord chief baron reply'd , you are mistaken , it is no evidence , but shews you what authority that was , an authority of forty six members , how is this evidence ? a judge sure may expostulate from his own knowledge about any particular , fully prov'd before , as this whole charge was . yet at the same rate is the cavil carried on , every thing caught at which may serve a turn , tho' nothing mention'd to clear a truth : nay , sometimes he certainly obtrudes real fictions of his own ; for i no where find that their enemies confess'd , or commended , their harrison 's , and carew 's steddiness of mind , and contempt of death ; but that their friends took care they should go off with a resolute obdurateness , take this following passage ; some few days after carew suffer'd , i met a person who had been employ'd by his nephew to get a parcel of papers out of his hands , which related to an entail'd estate , and so not forfeited by his treason ; which tho' he had attended several times , ( as careless as his friends say he was of life , ) could not be obtain'd till the last hour , which argued he had some hopes . during this stay , the gentleman said a fellow came to him , he presum'd an apothecary , and taking a glass out of his pocket , poured it into a beaker and gave it him with this grace , the lord strengthen you ; and it produc'd the design'd effect , for whereas he look'd wan , and trembled before , this made him flush , and sweat , with an answerable alteration in his discourse , and carriage ; and this might occasion what he said at the end of his prayer upon the ladder , i am so exceeding dry , that my tongue is ready to stick to my mouth , but i would fain speak a little more . 't was then discours'd that most of them took such intoxicating doses , to be sure peters had so large a potion , that he was stupidly drunk , which made cook who suffer'd at the same time , say he fear'd him not fit to suffer then . adrian scroop is the next with our author , tho' in the course of their executions there were three or four before him , and seems mention'd on purpose to inveigh against sir richard brown , whom he falsly affirms to be the principal witness , his evidence was only collateral , there were others who prov'd both his sitting and signing so fully as he own'd all himself , and indeed there were none of them , had any thing of the port and language of a gentleman but he , both at tryal , and execution , for he always address'd himself to the court with due respect , and civilly acquiesc'd in the reasons they gave for over-ruling his pleas ; what impudence then is it for ludlow to affirm , that the jury taking every thing said against the person accus'd for substantial proof , made no scruple of bringing him in guilty of treason ? p. 66. whereas the proofs against him were as full as any of the rest ; yet i will not deny but he might have escap'd with life , had not sir richard's testimony interpos'd , tho' his own folly as well as baseness must bear the blame , for expressing to a stranger the no remorse he had of so horrid a crime , which sir richard as a member , was bound in honour and conscience to declare to the house , when his case came to be consider'd . almighty god , as already hinted , pardons none but upon repentance ; and can king or parliament follow a better precedent ? tho. scot follows , more especially valu'd by our author and his friends , because so impudent as to desire it might be written upon his tomb , here lies tho. scot , who adjudg'd the late king to die ; but he lies without one , and may all of the same mind , die , and lie as he did ; yet even this being spoken in parliament , ought not to be brought in evidence , as is confidently averr'd here , without the least notice of what sir o. b. declar'd , there could be no privilege of parliament for treason , nor felony neither , which that learned lawyer made several times fully out . what he urg'd likewise of the convention which then was , and the secluded members , was altogether as frivolous ; that long parliament had been so perpetuated , as none but themselves could make a dissolution , ( god keep us from such another ) which the secluded members came in to do as mr. annesly told him : and the convention they summon'd was not so regular , but the next parliament confirm'd all they had enacted ▪ and could these fellows who had put the whole government out of course , think it could ever be brought into order , but by stepping back through those many irregularities they had continually heap'd together ? what he saith of his being a recruiter , speaks little of reputation , that sort of cattle breaking thorough in an odd manner ; and less of his policy to tell us how he was fool'd by monk : and how well he was respected throughout the kingdom , none could better express than himself , who in a speech he made to prevent the dissolution of that fatal long parliament , and finding it ineffectual , concluded thus , being your pleasure to have it so , i know not how to binder it , but when done i know not where to bide this hated head of mine . and , indeed , it was the case of them all . john jones , and gregory clement , seeing what the others had said was to little purpose , confess'd the fact , and were declar'd guilty , saith our author , but is mistaken here too , whether wilfully , or otherwise , let his friends resolve ; to be sure jones pleaded , confessing he sat some days , but did not malitiously contrive the king's death ; whereas his hand and seal being prov'd to the warrant for execution , he then cry'd peccavi , and put himself upon the lord , and that honourable court , which not having the desired effect of life ; at their executions they both recanted their pleading guilty , or begging pardon , and so went off ; an exact testimony of fanatick sincerity . what he saith further of jones being a gentleman , of a competent estate , and considerable service for the publick cause , stands thus : his first entrance into the world , if common report may be credited , was as sir middleton's man , for that i find his appellation in all the prints of those times : and 't is further said , that by his inducement sir thomas engag'd on the rebel side ; but his grand advance was by marrying cromwell's sister , who finding him withall a zealous brother , made up of faction , sedition , and insolence , countenanc'd him accordingly in all his designs ; for he was not only governor of anglesy , but controller-general of all the honest gentlemen in north-wales . afterwards he was remov'd into ireland , where he behav'd himself as servants use to do when got into dominion , with a most tyrannical arbitrariness , no less morose , and severe than ludlow himself , who otherwise would not have commended , a relation , and creature of cromwell's . and because he tells us of clement's being a merchant , i shall relate this passage , and then let the world judge of his integrity , honesty , how unfit for a publick , who behav'd himself so unworthily in a private trust . he was apprentice to one mr. hukely a spanish merchant , who , when his time was out , advis'd him to try his fortune in the east-indies , and for his incouragement lent him 500 l. upon his single bond ; perhaps he might have something more of his own , but that was said to be his principal fund , which he so well manag'd , as to return about the beginning of our troubles with an advance of 8 or 9000 l. which made him , not only considerable upon the exchange , but a recruiter at westminster , when most honest men were gone , or forc'd away . at what time his master dy'd i omitted to enquire , but leaving only two daughters , the gentleman who married the eldest engag'd on the king's side , and so could not come to london till the war was over , then he addressed himself to clement , and hop'd he would not demurr to pay so just and fortunate a debt , which notwithstanding he did continually shuffle , and put him off , and that with so much insolence , as once upon the exchange to bid him kiss his b — . when the case was so alter'd , as this merchant came to lie in the dungeon at newgate in order to his execution , the gentleman apply'd himself to him there , where he found him at the common cant of all the crew , that he had made his peace with god , and the world , and desir'd he would not disturb him with any temporal concerns , he told him how little true peace could be expected with god , when so unjust to man , with much more to the like , tho' very little , purpose , for the obstinate wretch persever'd in his vain presumptions , and even at the gallows declar'd what great assurances he had , tho' the gentleman , mounted among the guard , told him there of his unjust dealing , which he car'd not to take notice of , and so went off , an horrid instance of fanatick delusion . mr. john cook takes the next turn , his dear friend , and fellow governor in ireland , where he was lord chief justice , and otherwise had a great influence upon civil affairs ; yet i do not find he was so squeamish as our author , but continu'd in his post under cromwell . what he saith of his parts , and gentile education shall be acknowledg'd true ; yet could they not advance him in practice , so as to keep him out of some necessities which sat uneasie upon him ; and this , not only his acquaintance thought put him upon that fatal employ of sollicitor to that pretended high court of justice , but he owns here at his tryal , 't was avaritiâ non malitiâ , what he spake was for his fee , and that he hop'd the jury would take into consideration , whereto both the sollicitor-general and lord chief baron reply'd , that as no man can have a lawful calling to pursue the life of his king , so for a private person , tho' he only intends to beat a man , yet if he dies thereupon , in law 't is murder : and the like replies were made to the many other allegations cook very ingeniously urg'd in his defence , with so much candor , and respect , as well as law and reason , that it would be most unpardonable in any body but our author , who makes it his constant practice , to give so partial a relation , as to set forth the three articles his inditement was reduc'd to , with a brief account of cook 's plea , without the least syllable of what both council and court reply'd in answer to every particular , so full and satisfactory , and yet withall so fair and easie , as i never read any thing of that kind more diverting ; indeed , all the gentlemen of the long robe , knowing the prisoner to be a man of parts , and for several years vers'd in business , seem'd to exert themselves above their performances at other tryals , and let him see the most artfull flourishes , could not palliate so foul an act , or he alledge any thing by way of extenuation , they were not able to render frivolous , and false , with one single breath ; so that after the greatest liberty ever vouchsafed any person in those circumstances , he was forc'd to acknowledge their patience in hearing him , and that their lordships had justly stated both the councils proofs , and his answers , if they laid aside those acts , orders , or authorities , whereby he did at that time conscientiously act ▪ and thought to be born out , &c. and being told that aggravated the matter so as to warrant the authority , he desir'd not to be mistaken , meaning only in point of high treason , so that it seems he would have gladly come off with a misdemeanor , misprision , or something of that kind , to have secur'd his life : which failing , at his execution he acted the proper part of the party , would be telling what a glorious work the lord had accomplish'd upon his spirit , which was to assure him he need not repent of any thing he had done , but own it as the cause of god , and christ , &c. in short , none of the pack went off more deeply plung'd in enthusiasm , the furies and follies of fanatick delusion . this lawyer was accompany'd with a divine , of their congregational way , the most impudent buffoon that ever reproach'd any profession , sacred , or other , hugh peters , upon whom it was prov'd that he had made it his constant business to blaspheme god and the king in his pulpit scurrilities , during the pageantry of that horrid tryal ; and otherwise became so vile a property to their many dark and bloody designs , as one would think the devil had commission'd him to be his representative , in acting that dismall tragedy : yet being now to make his plea , that infernal fiend had so far left him destitute of that briskness of wit , and presence of mind , at other times his only talent , as he could scarce reply to any one particular allegation , but declar'd in general that all was false , with so senceless a stupidity , as to become the object of their pity , who most abhorr'd his abominable practices . in the same manner he went off at his execution , where he was so far from being animated with courage , as our author affirms , that cook himself could observe , here is a poor brother coming , i am afraid that he is not fit to die at this time , &c. altho' he had endeavour'd to put what courage he could into him , for they tell us he said , come , brother peters , let us knock at heaven gate this morning , god will open the doors of eternity to us before twelve of the clock , &c. but peters who had acted a part too long , could not bear up in this last dismall scene , no intoxicating draught , whereof 't is said he had taken very largely , could silence the terrors of so great a guilt ; tho' it had been the whole course of his life to fool others , he could not now fool himself . 't is likewise an egregious falshood in the account ludlow gives of his life , that he had been a minister in england for many years , till forc'd away by archbishop laud 's superstitions , &c. he was never in our church , but sometime at cambridge , where he was so insolent , and leud , as to be whipt in the regent's walk , ( a punishment scarce ever inflicted upon any since , nor perhaps as long time before ) the most publick place in that vniversity , and so expell'd for ever . now as this affront , according to his estimation , always rankled in his envenom'd mind , so it rendred him very acceptable to the godly party , as they term'd themselves , who very much delighted in his sarcastical libels against our government both ecclesiastical , and civil : nevertheless fearing to come under a second lash , he kept himself abroad , in holland sometime , but mostly in new england ; till the independents , designing to undermine presbytery , sent for him , who came accompany'd with several young disciples of his own tutoring , so managing the army by his cant and buffoonry , as he became cromwell's zane , so necessary a tool , as the work could not have gone on without him , for he acted several parts besides that of chaplain , sometimes col ▪ sometimes agitator , and whatever else would advance his patron 's designs and our confusions , and therefore 't is much ludlow took notice of him , being so much the vsurper's creature ; but his deep engagements in the royal blood , expiated for his other failings on the common-wealth side . i shall only add further , that upon the restauration , he was discover'd by one of those confidents he brought out of new england , seiz'd upon in bed with another man's wife , which his party indeed would have for the better concealment of himself , tho' they could not but know , how much his spirit was addicted to the flesh . axtell and hacker came next , who guarded that confounded court , and the king to it , set on the soldiers to cry for justice , &c. and for these reasons were charg'd with compassing his , the king's death : axtell made many long harangues all to the same purpose , that he was a commission officer , and oblig'd to obey his superior's orders , and so ran back to the several generals , essex , manchester , and fairfax , from whom he received his commission , as they did theirs from lords and commons ; altho' upon enquiry , all his orders in this bloody scene were from cromwell and ireton : the court suffering themselves a long time to be teas'd with these tautologies , in the end told him , that neither the general , nor lords and commons ought to be obey'd in any unjust thing , much less taking away the life of their king ; and this ludlow styles their being necessitated to fly to their old refuge of questioning the authority by which he acted , as if that were not first to be enquir'd into in all actions both personal and real . what he further calls a strong unheard of doctrine , that no person , nor community , nor people have any coercive power over the king , is a continu'd specimen of his supercilious arrogance , and would he have mention'd the precedents sir o. bridgman quoted , the assertion would have appear'd much to the purpose , and the jury been justify'd in that they made no difficulty of bringing him in guilty . hacker being present at the former's tryal , saw how fruitless it would be to make the same allegations , and he had no other , besides he seem'd to be the dullest of them all in their common knack of canting , for that he only read a speech at his execution of ten or twelve lines , and then desired that axtell would be both their mouths to god in prayer . 't is likewise false that the court being sensible of an injury done to hewlet in finding him guilty , for that it was made appear the common hangman cut off the king's head , procur'd his pardon : for the lord chief baron told the jury , that if they found him to be one of them in a frock , tho' he did not the fact , it was a clear testimony of his imagining and compassing the death of the king , and this was not only prov'd by several , but from his own confession , that if he was to do it again , he would do it . the pardon therefore was the immediate effect of his majesty's gracious clemency , what effect it had i have not heard , 't is probable no better than upon others . henry marten and ludlow , were two of as different tempers and constitutions as can be well suppos'd , the former a witty debonair companion , who made drinking and whoring the delight of his soul ; the other of a haughty morose disposition , rigid and severe as a scotch covenanter ; yet these two in the house always hunted in the same couples , prosecuted the most desperate courses which at any time came under debate , right-down levellers , nothing would serve them but a community of wealth and women ; wherein marten must be own'd to have reason , for that having squandred away an estate of several thousand pounds per annum , besides plunder , and other gratuities , wherewith these just representatives oblig'd each other , he could not think of a better way to supply his luxury , than out of other men's stocks ; to which purpose he writ a book , call'd england's troublers troubled , wherein all rich men are declared enemies to the mean ; lords and gentry , clergy and lawyers , must come into one common fund , whereof too , i presume he intended to be treasurer , and then it could not fail to be well dispos'd of . and that this might be reduc'd to practice , in his own county of berks , whose worthy representative he was , he forbad the people to stand bare at a sessions in 48 , or pay homage and fealty to their lords : yet at the same time he plundred them of their horses , goods , money , &c. under pretence of serving the state , and beat those that defended their own : in fine , there was not a more immoral , profane wretch ever breath'd upon earth than this marten , who nevertheless being a commonwealths ▪ man , and of as inveterate a spite against the good king as this author , he , who most undeservedly escap'd with his life , of a dozen more , try'd at the same time , must be singled out for two or three maggotty evasions , which nothing but a court of unwearied temper would have born with ; for he tells us whereas others confess'd the guilt , but not the malice ; he confess'd the fact , but not the guilt ; which was justifying the thing as all the former had done , in a more impudent buffooning way . this distinction of his the lord chief baron reply'd to very seriously , but the solicitor ▪ general ridicul'd it most deservedly : neither was there any thing in what he further urg'd , that all facts were to be denominated from their circumstances ; was that a new notion ? or any ways applicable in his case ? whose were the most aggravating of any in the whole pack . his addressing himself from the council to the jury stood him likewise in as little stead , for his thinking that a house of commons , when he presum'd the court did not so , which should the jury more incline to believe ? an authority of his own making , as the solicitor briskly told them , or not rather condemn him for making that authority ; as they most justly did . in those familiar epistles which this devotee of venus writ to his lady of pleasure , there is likewise a letter in justification of the king's murder , penn'd it seems before he came in , and had it come out before his tryal , we might have seen how witty he would have been upon the gallows , for 't is written in his usual buffooning way , without any thing of solid argument , or real thought , which our author alone extols him for . all indifferent judges tell us , he had addicted himself so much to a pleasant humor of rallying , as they question'd whether he could have been serious , had he come to the execution of his justly deserved sentence ; 't is great pity it was not try'd . and by what good luck he escap'd that end i am next to relate , the better to refell another gross mistake of our authors , not to term it worse , who positively tells us , the convention made no provision for the securing his , marten 's life , or the rest decoy'd into a surrender , whereas they pass'd an act , that however condemn'd , execution should be suspended till another act of parliament to that purpose : which accordingly was the first thing under debate in that of 61. where the whole dozen were secur'd for life , even marten too , tho' with greatest difficulty , by reason of his insolent deportment at tryal , but having some relations of honor and quality , they were unwilling to have such a blemish lie upon their family , and found out this pleasant stratagem to prevent it ; when marten came to be consider'd it was declar'd on all hands none more deserv'd to die ; whereupon a gentleman , in the intrigue , stood up and said he was as much for hanging him as any other member , only fear'd having so rotten a carcass , his limbs would fall asunder and disappoint the gallows ; which humor being ingeniously prosecuted , 't was concluded in the end , he should rot out the remainder of his life in the gaol . and accordingly he was sent to the isle of wight , carisbrook-castle , i presume , with hevingham ; from thence brought back to windsor , which was not a little regretted by many loyal gentlemen , that they should have liberty to walk over the corps of that sovereign they had murder'd , and among them an honest blunt scotch knight understanding they were remov'd for better air , plainly told the king , they thought the isle of wight air good enough for his father , and the worst air in hell was too good for such rogues as they : hereupon they were remov'd , marten to chepstow castle in monmouthshire , where he lingred out his days with an ordinary competency from some who had trick'd themselves into his estate , and other friends , to the year 80. the 78. of his age , the longer doubtless for being debarr'd the profuseness of his former epicurism , yet all this without the least improvement , under such great alterations of condition , and severe checks of providence ; for if we may believe the epitaph he made of himself a little before his death , he went off with as little sence of a future state , as he continu'd here in defiance of all virtue , loyalty , and religion . what our author next falls upon of this kind is with more than ordinary regret , that a trium-virate of his fellow out-laws were seiz'd upon in holland , and from thence sent home to receive the just reward of their treasons , the first he empties his gall upon is sir george ▪ downing , who as the king's minister there , laid the scene so as to secure them , whose baseness he aggravates by telling he had been okey's chaplain , kindly entertain'd by him , and receiv'd many obligations from him ; all which the factions most virulently charg'd upon him from the beginning , and he as little regarded , for being by monk's recommendation continu'd in the same imployments he had under cromwell , for which he had then contracted an implacable enmity from all the rumpers , he resolv'd to be aforehand with them , by hanging as many as possible out of the way , who he was sure if once more in power , would do the like by him . for gratitude he had convers'd too long among them , not to know how little it was regarded when interest stood in competition ; neither indeed can there be a greater absurdity , than for any of that leven to recriminate thereupon , who so treacherously undermin'd each other in their several turns ; and altogether express'd an ingratitude great as hell , for their too general indemnity . he continues his charge against the barbarous part the states acted in this conjuncture , who contrary to a fundamental maxim in their government to receive and protect all , &c. contributed as much as in them lay to the destruction of these gentlemen ; that they contributed any thing to the seizing of them is absolutely false , but were much vex'd at it , tho' when done could not prevent it ; sir george had formerly attempted several such straglers , and the states had freely given him orders to secure them ; but withall took such care that before he , or his messengers came there , the birds were flown . this was the first time he outwitted them , and i dare ingage had he continu'd there forty years it should have been the last . however , i find this author elsewhere affirming , that interest is their darling maxim , and there is none who know them , doubts it ; seeing therefore so great a revolution in england , the royal family restor'd , to which they had not been over kind from the beginning of their troubles , and now entring into an alliance with that crown , it must really have broke all those measures , and violated the laws of nations to prohibit their transportation , when seiz'd , yet many of their people were very mad for this ; their governors consider'd better , that however they permit their country to be a common receptacle for the refuse of all mankind , yet that , in such extraordinary cases , must be superseded to the just , and reasonable demands of their neighbours : rebels and out-laws are beasts of prey , and when upon pursuit they escape out of one royalty , the next should take the alarm , either hunt them away , or upon seizure deliver them up , neither can it be expected any prince should enter into an alliance upon other terms ; and when 't is their own concern , none stand more positively upon it than the hollanders ; to give an instance , when the trump's brother-in-law , who upon buats folly , de witt discover'd to be against his faction , as this author relates , p. 194. but escap'd out of his clutches , into england , would upon the treaty by no means be permitted to return into his own country , but was forc'd to continue here several years , for ought i know till that grand turn which caus'd de witt 's massacre . and perhaps our monarchy hath suffer'd not a little for being less severe in such cases . the first our author mentions of his three unhappy brethren is miles corbet , a gentleman of an ancient family in norfolk , and so indeed he was , but proving a wither'd branch , the old stock by degrees perished , and came to nothing . his nephew sir thomas was a worthy loyal gentleman , kept this old dotard from defiling himself with his sovereign's blood till the last day , for fear the entail should be cut off from his children , according to his own confession ; but then the devil with his own as hellish zeal , spur'd him on both to sit , and sign : and 't is probable upon this inducement , sir tho. parted with the seat of his family , which to my knowledge he did , and was very kind to his sisters with their descendents . for his deportment in ireland , our author is too partial to be credited , because we have so odd an account of his carriage in the house of commons , where he was inquisitor-general to the committee of examinations , having found an expedient to purge both houses of such members as the army , or independents dislik'd , without letting them know either their charge , or accusers , which the history of independency terms a kind of hangman's office , and that he look'd more like a hangman , than the hangman himself ; 't is true likewise he was constantly call'd corbet the jew , much resembling that nation both in countenance , and actions . the next is barkstead , a citizen and goldsmith in london , saith our author , as if he had been a banker of thousands ; whereas the workers in that trade are of as dirty and laborious a profession as country blacksmiths , and take as much pains for a small livelihood : this fellow 's chief imploy was to make silver thimbles , whereby he might become endear'd to the sisterhood , to be sure he was second to ven in leading up the mob to threaten , and force the parliament , ay , and king too , when matters did not go after their humors ; and thus setting forward the war , when begun , he had his advance in it , where nevertheless he pass'd for a very shallow mortal , but continuing a zealous pretender , and withall very officious to his master cromwell , he continu'd him a tool upon all occasions ; as i remember made him one of his lords ; not so deserved an advance , as here at the gallows . the last is okey , whom our author will have a citizen of london too , as if he had made some great figure there ; whereas he was modester , and declar'd , he was the least of the families in israel , and he the least of that . first , he belong'd to a brew-house as dray-man ; after that a poor chandler near lyons-key ; but betaking himself to the sword , upon our civil distractions , he appear'd a man of sence , and courage , which cultivated by action and experience , rendred him one of the best officers among them . that he was possess'd with the common cant of the cause , and wholly given over to their inspiration-follies , and very zealous therein , cannot seem strange , for that he never had any other conversation ; and the success god curs'd them and the nation withall , was a corroborating argument to their deluded minds of a righteous vndertaking : yet after all , no one of the whole party carried himself so like a gentleman , and a christian as this okey ; which not being for our author's design to mention , i shall take notice of , from that very account the brotherhood hath given of his final exit , in these following instances . 1. as to the death of the king , he declar'd himself to be none of the council which sat about it ; knew nothing of the judges , nor of his name being there till done ; that he sat but once or twice , pray'd for him , as for himself , as he had done for this king ( then regnant charles ii. ) and look'd upon it as his duty to do so . 2. that tho' he doubted not a resurrection of the cause he had engag'd in , ( thorough-pac'd enthusiasm ) yet would he leave this with all his brethren , and friends , that they should keep their places , wait upon god , and rather suffer , than do any thing to deliver themselves , by indirect , and unjust ways . 3. that if his majesty had been pleas'd to have given him his life ; or if he had heard time enough of the proclamation , to come over , he would , through the blessing of god , have liv'd quietly , and rather suffer'd , than done any thing against the law of the land. 4. that whoever had proceeded against his life , even to his quondam chaplain , and those in holland , who had engag'd otherwise to his friends , he forgave as freely , as he desir'd god to forgive him . 5. his last words were , and it shall be my prayer now , that god would give you peace and truth , and scatter them that delight in blood and war. these are some of those many wholesom●●dvices he left among them , arguing so much of a good intention , a pious well disposed mind , as 't is much the fanaticks have not expung'd him their kalender , for expressing himself so directly contrary to what the rest of their party profess'd and practis'd , both living , and dying . sir henry vane , who brings up the rear in this black list , according to course of time , deserves likewise that preference as the coryphaeus of fanaticism , right down inspiration ▪ mad , so furious a bigot for whatever came uppermost in his freakish head , that the common appellation men gave him was , sir humerous vanity . his father , and he , were doubtless two the most ungrateful servants to good k. charles ever advanc'd by prince , and each of them qualify'd with parts , and interest to carry on whatever designs they engag'd in , yet the old one was more cautious , and foreseeing what fate his son would come to , like a cunning vulpone , setled the estate he had got from the crown upon his grandchildren . that there was any thing of the like caution in the other , tho' he kept out of that cursed court which condemned the king , is hard to conceive , sin●e none conduc'd more to the bringing him thither , and when taken off , more zealously forward to establish their new commonwealth ; yet in some of his papers , that absence of his is insisted upon , as if he hop'd it might help at a dead pinch : whereas all his other actions discover'd so much of republican rancour , that it was thought fire might be as well permitted to continue in thatch , as he live at liberty in any thing of a monarchy ; and when upon that great revolution , it was discover'd , whatever ludlow saith to the contrary , he had been tampering with some malecontents of the army , and others , in order to fresh disturbances , the government thought fit to confine him , where he continu'd more than a year , and then , whether upon his own motion by right of habeas corpus , or otherwise , i cannot discover , was brought to tryal , with lambert , and had he behav'd himself as lambert did , own'd the jurisdiction of the court , confess'd his crime , and begg'd pardon ; he might have escap'd with life , as that other , according to the parliament's petition to his majesty : but being charg'd with a continu'd series of treasons from the king's murder to the restauration , ( altho' the councel told him they might have began with the rebellion ) he absolutely deny'd they had any power to try him ; that neither the king's death , nor the members themselves could dissolve the long parliament , whereof he being one , no inferior court could call him in question , with so many cavils for arrest of judgment , councel , and what not , as would have continu'd his tryal till doomsday , could he have liv'd so long , and his breath held out , which never fail'd him , nor words neither , tho' most incoherently put together . his tryal was printed by his party , with several speeches , memorandums , &c. his deportment before he went , and upon the scaffold ; as likewise many additional discourses of politicks , divinity , &c. making a pretty large quarto , the compleatest body of enthusiasm i ever saw , tending to this main end , that in right of jesus christ , and his people , 't was justifiable to stand up against any government , controll , and subvert at pleasure . in like manner he would have run on at his execution , and because not suffer'd to defend the treasons he had for 20 years together continually acted , would have it a violation of every free-born englishman's right . but then for his religious deportment , he declar'd to have such signs of special salvation , they are the very words of his prayer , as to assure himself a place no lower than the right hand of jesus christ : st. paul was but a weak brother in comparison to him , who after many years labour in the gospel could not promise himself to have attain'd , or were already made perfect , &c. whereas this commonwealth apostle , set the crown upon his head , the first day of his spiritual birth , and even whilst here in the body was made partaker of eternal life in the first fruits of it . but why should we mention st. paul , when in his last agony he so blasphemously emulated our blessed saviour himself ; for instead of a lord have mercy on my soul ; christ jesus receive my spirit ; or the like ; we are told his very last words of all at the block were as followeth , father glorifie thy servant in the sight of men , that he may glorifie thee , in the discharge of his duty to thee , and to his country . could any thing but hell inspire a man at this rate ? yet all his speeches and prayers are move or less one continu'd rhapsody of such abominable stuff . i shall mention something of his temporal concerns , partly for that our author's relation is as opposite to truth as one pole to the other ; sir henry vane , saith he , was a gentleman of an ancient family in the county of durham ; whereas the family they were of , was directly south , either in kent , or essex , as i am inform'd , till the old fellow , having well fleec'd himself at court , mov'd northward , upon this occasion . raby-castle was in the crown , one of the finest royalties in the north of england , assign'd king charles , with other lands when prince of wales , for the support of his family : when come to the crown , the parliament not supplying him to carry on the spanish war , as they had promis'd both his father and self , he was oblig'd to assign it over to some citizens for a summ of money , giving them power to lett leases , &c. old sir henry knowing this to be a considerable purchase , agreed with the citizens for their interest , and then got it confirm'd to him by the king , upon easie terms , we may well presume , facilitated too by some undervaluings , for when entertain'd there in his expedition against the scots , and finding a magnificent structure , according to that old way of building , he pleasantly told him , sir henry , this is more than a heap of stones . when cromwell gave the rump their quietus , those few of them who had country seats retir'd thither , this hen. the 2 d. his father being a little before dead , to raby-castle ; where , because prohibited to do it any longer in the government , he tyranniz'd over his tenants and neighbours , obliging the former to take new leases , as not allowing those they had from the citizens ; and seiz'd upon an estate to the value of 200 l. per annum , which had been purchas'd by a charitable gentleman out of the mannor , and given to the parish of stanthorp , for relief of the poor , support of the free school , and repair of the church ; with many such-like arbitrary encroachments , according to the plenitude of his self-will'd power . the people we may imagine could not long brook such usage , but at length took so much courage as to petition cromwell for relief , who referr'd it , by especial recommendation to his commissioners of the seal , and they finding matter of fact true , did the tenants right to the great dissatisfaction of this lord paramount . i have been the more particular in this relation upon a double account ; the one is to clear that great man the earl of strafford , whom i have frequently found censur'd , by many otherwise his admirers , for taking the title of raby to his barony , supposing it to be old vane's paternal estate , whereas if taken when first made a peer , it was not in his possession ; if otherwise , when earl , the original right continu'd in the crown , the king might dispose of the honor to whom he pleas'd , as he had done before of the estate ; yet 't is thought the peevish old secretary , for this reason , plotted the ruine of that incomparable minister , as both he and his son , conduc'd in many other things to that of their master ; may such ingratitude in due time meet with an act of resumption . the other thing i design'd to observe from the foremention'd relation is , that men of commonwealth principles , whatever noise they make of the peoples right , liberty , property , &c. where-ever they get into power , and authority are more insolent and arbitrary than any sort of mankind ; uneasie neighbours , griping landlords , froward masters , exact from , and impose upon all they have to do with . and this rough self-will'd management of his own private concerns , is an argument to me , much beyond our author's authority , that the good conduct of their marine affairs at that time , must proceed from others of a more sedate temper ; so warm a brain , and violent spirit could not do any thing with judgment , and discretion . i cannot forbear to mention what his friends tell us of his deportment after condemnation , some perswading him to make submission to the king , and endeavour the obtaining of his life , he said , if the king did not think himself more concern'd for his honour , and his word , than he did for his life , then he was willing they should take it ; nay , i declare , said he , i value my life less in a good cause , than the king can do his promise : with several such like rants so abominably extravagant , as if he studied to precipitate his own ruine ; but he treated god almighty at the same impudent manner , so that 't is hard to resolve whether his blasphemies , or treasons were greatest ; for both which i presume it is that our author and his friends give him so high a character , commend his eloquence , soundness of judgment , presence of mind , gravity , magnanimity , and what crowns all , constant adherence to the cause of his country ; whereas bedlam would afford us many of a much more steady temper ; and newgate truer patriots to the nation 's peace , and welfare . thus have i run over the legendary relation of our republican regicides , as laid before us by this imposing author , wherein nevertheless we both agree as to matter of fact , only what he attributes to a good , i will have proceed from an evil spirit ; and for decision , my appeal shall be to the reader , whether the word of truth hath not foretold , that some might come under such strange delusions , as to turn men out of the church , ay , and kill them too , thinking all the while they did god great service ? and could that text be ever more literally verified , than when a company of illiterate mechanicks , with some others of little , or , which is worse , bad education , shall pretend a commission from the divine spirit , for murdering their king , subverting the government , and make every individual person submit to their own arbitrary wills , and inspiration-follies . for particular men , there is no discourse of melancholy but tells us what freakish conceits the strength of imagination hath possess'd them withal ; but for a considerable part of a nation to be so carry'd away , we are the only precedent , and sure no others will be so mad as to follow us . since therefore i cannot parallel them with a party , i shall do it with a person or two ; and begin with that modern patriarch of speculative atheism , vaninus , who when he was condemned to be burnt , for that he deny'd the being of a god , and upon the first sense of pain , cry'd out , mon dieu , the flames were stopt , and he told , upon continuing to own that god now call'd upon , his life should be spar'd : to which he reply'd , they were only words of course , and he was resolv'd to die in defence of his own cause . now , i presume , the atheist admires this abominable wretch's courage , as much as ludlow and his friends that of harrison , and the rest , and just with as much reason . but to come from no religion to that which is almost as bad , those proto-fanaticks in queen elizabeth's time , hacket , coppinger , and arthington , what execrable blasphemies did they utter ? even commanding god to patronize their delusions . and if our author consulted the history of reformation among his beloved swiss , he might have found at the beginning they swarm'd much with anabaptists , however it is at present , one of which cut off his brother's head , in presence of father and mother , saying , god commanded him so to do . and the lord chief baron , when he pass'd sentence upon the five that were try'd next after harrison , carew , scot , scroop , jones and clement , told them of one in shorpshire , who kill'd his father and mother , after he had sought of the lord whether he might do it or not , very applicable to those wretches who pretended they had done the same thing , in order to the murder of the father of their country ; and thereupon he went on very piously to advise them , that they should try their own spirits , and not think every fancy and imagination to be conscience : there is ( saith he ) a spiritual pride , men may over-run themselves by their own holiness , and pretended revelations , rest upon that self-confidence , and mistake the devil for an angel of light. this was good advice , indeed , too good for them to follow , for they all dy'd as they liv'd , under the cursed infatuations of a deluded mind . there is but one thing more i shall further observe , how the whole current of the rebellion was carry'd on by this inspiration-fraud . the presbyterians , though they had been all along for their own forms , in opposition to those of our church ; yet this evil spirit getting in vogue , fram'd their pipes accordingly , and bellow'd among the rest : but the independents , hugh peters more-especially , with his new-england gang , having got the trumpet-stop , silenc'd them most profoundly ; nay , which is more , so propagated the knack among the army , as most of their officers , even to a corporal , could thunder out extempore nonsence , preach and pray , without knowing what they said , or designing to be understood : and these were cromwell's chiefest properties , by whose means he made his advance , insomuch as it was observ'd he scarce car'd for any man that spoke sence , and had several artifices to disparage it , but most of all it was abhorr'd in their pulpit-cants . the truth of it is , a man of sound christian principles , and good moral life , was as much reprobated by them , as the pharisees did all but themselves ; and could they have fix'd that doctrine , of dominion in grace , which the levelling party bid fair for , no person should have had any property but themselves . but when cromwell had attain'd his height , they perceiv'd whose tools they had been , and the most considerable of them began to be very uneasie to him , so that with much stratagem he was forc'd to discard the most of them , and confine some in prison ; and though by this means he kept them under during his own time , yet that oaff his son was supplanted by them in less than a year's time , and after about half a dozen turns , in the time of a year more , all things most miraculously return'd to our times as of old . and tho' these sons of delusion had the confidence to foretell at execution a resurrection of their cause , as some of the party have done of their bodies , yet that time is still to come , and i hope may be as far of , as that many times expected deliverance of the jews ▪ and indeed to me they have all along seem'd to be equally under the same spiritual obduration , after their hard and impenitent hearts , treasuring up unto themselves wrath against the day of wrath , and revelation of the righteous judgment of god. sect . iii. the little now remaining of my promis'd undertaking , relates to that bulk of letters and other papers , which swell up this third volume to very nigh one half ; and would they be sincere , the true reason is , that this might bear proportion with the other two , and keep up the crown price , although the fresh and true information it contains is not worth sixpence . and this i must further take notice of , that these letters of his majesty were never but once printed by the factious , and that when first taken at naseby , bearing this title , the king's cabinet open'd , &c. ( which i have by me ) with a scurrilous preface , and most virulent annotations , so rude and false , as most of their own party blush'd at them : to be sure the loyalists were so far from being asham'd of any thing there discover'd , as they became a further confirmation to them of the king 's great parts , extraordinary goodness , and most tender regard of his peoples welfare , and accordingly had them constantly printed with his other works both in octavo and folio . but the title here tells us 't is a collection of letters and other papers relating to divers important passages in the precedent memoirs ; which other papers were likewise most of them printed with the letters , or occasionally afterward as they fell into their base hands , and as to every passage reply'd to in my just defence , without any thing of importance discover'd , more than implacable malice , and egregious falshoods . one particular i must needs repeat : it is there made appear how grofly his majesty was abus'd by that forg'd commission the irish rebels produc'd , and how villainously their lieutenant-general ludlow would have had sir phelim o neal redeem his life by charging it upon him ; which that man , as bad as he had been , had more honour and conscience than to do ; yet a copy of this commission is printed in the collection , as undoubtedly so , though even their memoir doth but say , the irish pretended a commission from the king , pag. 19. vol. i. and they knew it as certainly false , as we may them lyars : but it helps on a design , and that is enough . as for this last volume , i find but one passage wherein our royal martyr is concern'd , that is aspers'd , for they never mention him but to that purpose , and this rais'd from his correspondence with the marquess of antrim , who , our author tells us , was an irish priest , among the first in rebellion there , seiz'd upon in london , upon charles the second's restauration , sent prisoner to the tower , from thence to ireland , and there set at liberty by a letter under the king's hand , charging the guilt of that rebellion upon his father , in that he affirms , the earl of antrim did nothing without warrant and authority from his father . thus far the memoir , pag. 115. with some truth , but very little ; for first , he was not set at liberty by the king's letter , but they who charg'd , and caus'd him to be committed , not able to make good their allegations , he became freed in course . neither , secondly , is it said he did nothing without warrant and authority from the king his father ; the express words of the letter are , that what he did by way of correspondence or compliance with the irish rebels , was in order to the service of our royal father , warranted by his instructions , and that the benefit thereof accrued to the crown . col. p. 357. which how basely our author would pervert , as if his first engagement in the rebellion , and continued going along with them , were by the king's allowance , every eye may discover ; whereas the words can be no further stretch'd , than that in process of time , he was so sensible of his folly , not to term it worse , as he thought to expiate for the same , by bringing over his confederates , as many as he could , to their due allegiance , together with himself . and that this he endeavour'd , and was all the good king encourag'd him in , or authoriz'd him to do , will appear from these few particulars i meet with of his undertakings . when the scotch covenanters first began their stirs , i find this marquess of antrim making a proposal to the king , of a descent from his county of that name , or some other of the northern parts in ireland , upon the earl of argyle , and his several dependents in the western parts of scotland . but the deep-sighted strafford finding him unable to accomplish what he promis'd upon that account , it came to nothing ; tho' doubtless he might produce several letters from the king , not without encouragements , and kind acknowledgements for his good intentions . the next thing i find him engag'd in , was more considerable , though not full up to what he promis'd . when the soots came in 43. to the assistance of their fellow rebels here , the noble montross , then at oxon with the king , laid a design of giving them a diversion in the highlands , in order whereunto this marquess of antrim promis'd to send him ten thousand men out of ireland , and return'd thither to that purpose , as the other with great difficulty got into the highlands , and there absconded a considerable time in expectation of the fore-mention'd supply , wherein at length there was something done , that is , fourteen or fifteen hundred men , sent under the command of that brave fellow mac donald , which montross augmenting with his several clans there , perform'd those many noble exploits recorded to his eternal glory . and this second's letter particularly related to , that he drew some forces from ireland for the service of scotland , pag. 355. 't is likewise said in the same letter , that he join'd with the irish , in order to reduce them to their obedience : and though it doth not expresly appear as to any single circumstances , for want of the king's letters to him , yet in general it may be concluded he was not so hot as the priest-ridden party there , but willing to comply with such concessions as the king in honour and conscience might grant . for whoever consults the history of those times in ireland , will find that most of the sensible nobility and gentry , ay , and commanders too , from 43. forward , discern'd what mischiefs they had brought upon themselves , and were , to prevent further danger , desirous to comply with his majesty's proposals , of a general toleration ; but the ecclesiasticks , especially when headed by the pope's nuncio , and had the mobb at their lure , would be satisfy'd with nothing but a kind of inquisition-establishment of their religion . that the marquess we discourse of was one of the former , appears by his deportment at oxon , where , i presume , he was one of the agents sent by the catholick confederates , as they termed themselves , to attend his majesty , with desires and propositions most extravagant , as they themselves confess'd ; and therefore according as they promis'd the king , did , upon their return , represent the absolute necessity of submitting to him , till able to grant them more , that they might not be glad to accept less : but the evil genius of that people , saith my author , ( condemn'd to wilful ruine and misfortune ) soon evidenc'd how unripe they were for mercy ; and that it was not so easie to allay the evil spirits they had conjur'd up , as to foment and irritate them . and now from a due consideration of the premisses , i appeal how it can be suppos'd his majesty's letters should relate to any thing more than encouraging this marquess's good endeavours to the making matters as easie as he could , in order to the cessation which thereupon follow'd : and the peace likewise , which after many tedious negotiations was concluded in 46 , had doubtless his helping hand , though it came to nothing , by reason of the nuncio's and his clergies abominable assumings , and superstitious rigours ; all which appears from his son second's letter , the only authority they have for this wrested calumny ; for 't is there expresly declar'd , that his compliance with the irish rebels , was in order to the service of his royal father , and that the benefit thereof accrued to the crown . and upon a full , impartial consideration of that letter , the marquess will be found to have had very hard measure ; for at his coming over , after the restauration , upon complaint of the irish deputies here at court , that he was not worthy the least countenance from his majesty , and that they had manifest , unquestionable evidence of his guilt , he was forbid the royal presence , committed to the tower , and then remitted into ireland for his tryal and punishment ; where , after many months attendance , and presum'd examination , he was dismiss'd without censure ; and without any transmission of charge to us , was licensed to transport himself into england : whereupon the king thought in justice he ought to be heard by his councel here , and producing the foremention'd testimony under his father 's own hand , recommended him to the court of claims , in order to be repossess'd of his estate , as more deserving than the rebels on the other side , who had done all the mischief , without the least good , and had no other title than seven or eight years quiet possession since their master cromwell made the dividend . however , i am not to plead the marquess's case , any further than our royal martyr is concern'd , who , that he should be concluded to promote popery , or wish well to the rebellion , because he plough'd sometimes with their heifer , in order to an accommodation , is a true piece of fanatick spite , and exactly resembles the grand author , the father of lyes ; they might as well conclude him a presbyterian , for that he corresponded with some scotch-covenanters ; or wish'd well to the english rebellion , and army , because he treated with cromwell and his mirmidons , when in their hands ; whereas all he did , was to shew , there should be no defect on his side , in order to the nation 's true peace and settlement . neither is there any thing more common between enemies , either in courts , or camps , than to work upon the discontents , or good dispositions , of some in employment on the adverse side , in order to intelligence , or any other beneficial end , as the circumstances they are in require . dolus an virtus ? is a known rule , and to give an instance thereof in our present case , as to the irish affairs , by those that manag'd them as well against the king , as popish rebels ; sir charles coot being shut up in london-derry by such of the romanists as had gone over to the king , and reduc'd to great necessity , made no scruple of treating with owen o neil , a general of the bloodyest irish , and he alone who would not come in to the duke of ormond 's peace , that he should raise the siege , upon the payment of 2000 l. in money , with other considerations , of amunition and cattle , which was mutually perform'd on either side : and the then colonel monk , in command there , had done something of the like kind before . 't is true , indeed , their worships at westminster , who at that time had got all into their hands , seem'd to mut●●r at it ; but the grandees , and military men , not only approv'd , but applauded what they had done , the exigencies they were in duly consider'd . i shall mention but one thing more in defence of our royal martyr , as to correspondencies of this kind . most of the letters taken at naseby , and so basely printed by the junto , were to the queen , in the first of which we find this passage , i forgot in my former to tell thee , that lenthall the speaker brags , cardinal mazarine keeps a strict intelligence with him : — as for sabran ( the french envoy at london ) i am confident he or his instructions are not right for him that is eternally thine . now in their annotations to the first edition aforemention'd , as they charge the king most basely , even for corresponding with his queen , because of the romish persuasion , as if thereby he design'd to bring in those rites ; so no notice is taken of this their speaker's correspondence , either to deny or justifie it : and to give such devils their due , since resolv'd to persevere in their rebellion , 't was as justifiable as any thing they did . but why then so severe upon their king , that they should dare to steal the horse , and not give him leave to look over the hedge , yet at the same insolent rate do these second publishers of his letters use him ; for though they had not so much confidence as to adjoin the annotations , their predecessors made , they have found out a more contracted way of expressing their ill-natur'd prosecution , by presenting us with a passage out of his declaration dated from newark , march 9o. 1641. wherein he tells the parliament , that whatsoever they were advertised from rome , paris , or venice , of the pope's nuncio's soliciting france , spain , &c. for foreign aids , was false ; thereupon most solemnly protests against the thing ; and indeed it hath since appear'd to be one of the many sinister stratagems to ruine him , and themselves : these thorough-pac'd calumniators thought , i say , to do the business with one general dash , of so great a latitude , as to comprehend whatever from first to last had been brought against him ; their words are these , if this passage be compar'd with the preceding letters and instructions , all equitable men may judge , whether the king did not pass sentence upon himself , and absolve the high-court of justice , p. 321. that dolus latet in vniversalibus is acknowledg'd on all hands : the devil did not more covertly charge job , than these his agents this good man ; and as he was given into their power in the same manner , nay , even to the touching of his life ; so never any since , meer man , was attack'd with greater slanders , bore them and his many other afflictions more patiently , and as gloriously sacrific'd his life , in defence of that religion , and those laws , which these worst of men would hold the world in hand afresh he design'd to subvert , and betray . and here i had finish'd my own , and readers trouble , but that a spiteful young fellow , whom i took notice of in the end of my defence , for defaming the memory of our royal martyr , in his life of milton , hath continu'd the like inveterate humour in another piece which he terms amyntor ; where he so basely catches at , and perverts every thing which in the most forc'd sence that can be put upon words or things , tends to disorder , or otherwise disturb those sacred ashes of his ; an action which among all the sober greeks and romans was look'd upon as the greatest defection from humanity , and what the barbarous nations were seldom guilty of . as to the controversie about his divine meditations , it shall be wholly left to his worthy antagonist , who hath abundantly satisfy'd all men that will be so . that there are others , whom all the world shall not oblige to confess an error , or amend it , is too clear to be deny'd , and too great a folly to be regarded . my exceptions shall commence at that which he takes against mr. blackall , for calling him the best of kings , and the best of men ; which , he saith , some , who otherwise honour the memory of king charles , are angry to hear . it seems this gentleman is none of those some , and if he had been pleas'd to tell us who they were , we might have been better able to judge of what degree their honour was , real or pretended ; for some may alledge a respect to the prince , on purpose to aggravate the mistake in the preacher , or otherwise humour him who first found fault . i would desire him further to consider whether an hyperbole may not be allow'd in a flight of rhetorick ; and to call him the best of kings and men , can be stretch'd no further , than that he ought to be rank'd among those that have been most eminent in either of those qualities . nevertheless , if taken in the literal sence , 't is highly disingenuous to ascend to the apostles , who , tho' indeed men , yet was there an infallible assistance of god's holy spirit attending their ministery , in which case nothing of comparison could be suppos'd by any ingenious person ; from which how far this fault finder is , appears in that he urgeth a thing invidiously , which is no article of his creed ; and should it be brought against him upon another occasion , would be rejected with a most blasphemous contempt : and hereof he gives us a tacit intimation , by leaping so suddenly out of the pale of the church , where he might have found several confessors of all orders and degrees , for an exact parallel ; and comes to the greeks and romans , many of whom , he saith , did infinitely excell him in all moral and heroick vertues . a bold stroke this , and therefore he goes no further than the first dash , tho' he could not but imagine we should be desirous to know who those persons were , and wherein they out-did him : would he have had him imitate cato and brutus in their self-homicide ? or nascia , or opinius , in cutting off the seditious gracchi ? that indeed had not been amiss ; but neither our laws nor our religion will admit of such heroicks ; so that it had been properer to have continued in the christian oeconomy , where , if we consider him either as a private person , or a prince , few will be found to have come up to him , none out-done him , as several have made appear , who knew him better , and were much more competent judges than this unthinking prate-a-pace . the advantage likewise he thinks to take of mr. blackall , by fawning upon his present majesty , will return upon himself , in a grand defect both of that good ▪ manners and justice he so falsly chargeth the other withal . comparisons have been ever look'd upon as an odious way of arguing , at leastwise ought to be so manag'd , as the disparity may not reflect upon the person whom they would seem to advance . now this bold man need not be told , that charles i. was his present majesty's grand-father ; by which relation , that of royal was added to the ancient princely blood of his family ; that he must needs be sensible what cruel measures he met with from a most perfidious race of rebels , who regarded nothing which their fore-fathers had esteem'd most sacred and religious ; that the principles upon which they acted , strike at all monarchy whatsoever ; and that this fellow includes a tacit threat , in mentioning those defects wherewith the grand-father was so falsly charg'd ; as if , when they thought fit , or rather , could find a sit opportunity , they would act over the same part again : for 't is all tyranny with them ; and whenever they promise any one to make him a glorious prince , 't will be , as in the sad subject we are upon , by martyrdom . and this is what i am farther to remonstrate , that all his allegations are absolutely false . that good king was not in the least guilty of any of those popular aspersions which in this comparison of his are so basely reviv'd , and suppos'd true : he never dispens'd with express laws in favour of popish recusants , nor protected any of his chaplains against the parliament for preaching up arbitrary power , nor was in the least degree accessory to any of those reproachful suggestions this son of a potato so impudently runs on with , as the just defence , i engag'd in , makes appear at large , and thereto he is remitted : where likewise he may find satisfaction in reference to the letter sent pope gregory xv. the circumstances he was then in consider'd , and with how great prudence it was penn'd ; which that vile pamphlet in defence of the parliament 40 , doth therefore add to , and alter most abominably . all these are so fully reply'd to , and in every respect made appear to be absolutely false , as i shall not further concern my self in any thing of that kind , but only take notice of two new piques this snarling fellow hath started afresh , though it only shows what little nothings such currish humours will bark at . the one indeed relates in general to all our kings , from edward the confessor downward , and perhaps in its original purport reaches as high as the king of heaven , in this man 's bold reflections upon that divine miraculous gift which in the foresaid edward's time was discover'd , and hath ever since accompany'd all our crown'd heads , in curing that distemper by the ancients termed scrofula , but by us , ( from this extraordinary way , not of the king 's touching the affected part , as he prates at large , but stroaking the lower part of the face towards the neck and throat , where indeed the distemper oftenest resides , with imploring god's blessing upon the means us'd , in a a solemn office , which he so impiously ridicules ) the king's-evil . the other thing i shall reflect upon , is the strong effort of his weak endeavours , to recommend the setting aside that solemn observation of the 30th of january , being the day of the martyrdom of the blessed king charles i. and order'd by act of parliament to be most religiously kept , to implore the mercy of god , that neither the guilt of that sacred and innocent blood , nor those other sins by which god was provoked to deliver up both us and our king into the hands of cruel and unreasonable men , may at any time hereafter be visited upon us , or our posterity . this was the end of its institution , which how little effect it hath hitherto had , too sadly appears , in that this bold fellow , and too many like him , dare to extenuate or justifie so execrable a fact. such men and such principles prevailing every day at the rate they do , is to me little less than demonstration , that the anger of the lord is not turn'd away , but his hand continues stretched out still . for the former of these , the cure of the distemper by the royal touch , there is no part nor corner of the kingdom without pregnant testimonies as to the matter of fact , so fully vouch'd both by the parties heal'd , and others , as the cortex may be as soon deny'd to remove a fit of an ague , or a dose of laudanum to procure sleep ; so ridiculous and impertinent is this vain assumer , to inveigh against and decry a thing which most of the able physicians and chyrurgeons in town could have inform'd him to be experimentally true , and many hundred families afford patients so recover'd . yet since he hath given me this occasion , i shall mention a cure or two of our royal martyr , which may not a little shock his irish infidelity . ludlow , in his first volume , tells us , and i presume 't was complain'd of in the house , what a concourse of people resorted to his majesty , when deliver'd up by the scots , as he went from newcastle to holmby , and was kept there , particularly many came to be cur'd of the evil ; and so it continu'd all along when the army had taken him into their hands , especially when brought nigher london ; for during his confinement at hampton-court , there were several healings , where , his chaplains not suffer'd to attend him , he perform'd the priest's office too : the whole was in this manner : the people kneeling down in two rows , he went between them , and stroaking every one , us'd this expression , i touch , god heal . a person now living in chancery-lane , by name oglethorp , was then touch'd by him , and gives this account of himself , that he had been several months , more than a year , under the chyrurgeons hands with a sore arm , wherein were many holes , and other sad breaches , so far from any thing of cure , as he every day grew worse , till having obtain'd the royal touch , his sores dried up in a short time , and he hath ever since , which is more than fifty years , continu'd in a vigorous state of health , and freely shews the holes and cavities in his arm , to god's glory , by the king's means , when all others were ineffectual . what follows , is yet more remarkable : as they hurry'd his majesty from hurst castle , towards london , in order to his murder , passing through winchester , a poor man so miserably over-grown with that distemper , as his face was all run over with scabs and blotches , press'd earnestly to be touch'd ; but the cruel soldiers not permitting him , and the king perceiving it , us'd this expression , may god do for thee , though they will not let me use the means . the poor fellow went away without any hope of redress , but coming at night to wash his face with a water which some body had prescrib'd him , he found none in the bottle ; and what was stranger , it seem'd to have been dry'd up by the stone-bottle , for that it was broke out into scales and blotches in every part , whilst the man's face in a few days dry'd up , and was perfectly well . now before our daring amyntor explode this , according to his no laudable practice , let him send or go to winchester , where , i presume , the bottle is still in being , for the wife is said to be yet living , to be sure all the ancient people in the city will witness it , and scarce a person of any quality in the whole country but had the curiosity to see it : which brings on one circumstance more ; a gentlewoman , among some other strangers , having the bottle in her hand , broke off with her finger one of the loose scales ; the man had immediately a little scab rose on his lip , and not knowing what was done , expostulated with his wife whether no body had hurt the bottle ? which she thereupon was oblig'd to acknowledge . dr. turbervill , the famous oculist at sarum , did use to declare among his friends , that he had often met with that distemper in the eyes , and was seldom able to master it ; but finding the king's touch as seldom fail'd , advis'd all patients which came to him in that condition , to take that course of cure. this i have mention'd , in order to the following passage : going , nigh forty years since , ( for it was the winter after the restauration ) from deptford to lambeth , the coach-man , upon some little concern of his own , stay'd at an inn or ale-house on the way ; whereupon a gentleman in our company said there was a woman in that house well worth our taking notice of , for that she was cur'd of a blindness , by wiping her eyes with a handkerchief dipp'd in the blood of the old king. being call'd , she own'd the thing , which two or three more in the family testify'd . we put many questions to her , whereof i only remember that she reply'd , it was not a blindness from her birth , but bred in her eyes : which , from the foremention'd account of dr. turbervill , gives me reason to conclude it the evil. and this i have purposely mention'd , in defence of what dr. perencheff saith of the veneration people had for the chips of the block , his hair , &c. and to let amyntor know the popish legends may be laugh'd at , and yet we ought to be serious in such passages as these . come we in the next place from matter of fact , to the reason of the thing , where , i know , it will much disguist this patron of novelties , to tell him , that kings , in former days , were look'd upon as sacred persons , anointed to their office , according to that divine institution of almighty god in his own theocraty , with a respect and veneration , as the ministers the vice-roys of heaven : and whatever he talks of juggles , that profound deference the eastern nations paid their princes , ( from whence all people and all government proceeded ) seems to intimate , that nature it self is not without some impresses of that kind . and the learned primate vsher gives several authorities out of homer and other ancients to confirm the same . now if with that designation to so high an office , god , among other gifts , communicated one of healing , and that so inseparable to the character , as not to be lost by some irregularities of life , which david himself was not free from : so as neither confessor's superstition , nor second's no saintship , could obstruct that salvation which in this sence god may be said to give unto kings , is a truth altogether agreeable with the principles of revealed religion . but knowing how prone this amyntor is to cavil at such sound doctrine , i shall proceed more philosophically , and let him know , that the every way profound , as well in humility of mind , as depth of judgment , and all solid learning , doctor barrow , in his excellent discourses of the creed , among other arguments to prove the being of god , brings that of supernatural effects . for although the great creator is said to have rested ceased from his works of that kind at the six days end ; yet did he not so tie up his own hands , as never more to intermeddle , but reserv'd to himself a liberty to alter when he thinks fit the course of nature , cross and check the stream of things , for the clearer illustration of his glory ; the confirming that he made nature , because he can command it , and controll at pleasure ; whereof he gives several remarkable instances , as well from prophane as sacred story , of fire being with-held from burning , waters from flowing , the sick being cur'd without medicinal applications , of long chronical distempers ; of murthers strangely detected , plots miraculously discover'd , with many such like extraordinary providences , no less signal in their cause than event . and when de facto any such things appear to have been done , as in the case before us , how can we otherwise conclude , than that the king is a sacred person , whom the sovereign lord of all things hath placed here as his representative , a god upon earth , and that we ought to pay him a veneration agreeable to so divine a character . this , in better times than we live in , hath past not only for good divinity , but good policy too ; and whatever notions of liberty have of late been started , i fear , without such a regular subordination , and consciencious regard , it will be a difficult matter long to continue the peace and welfare of any humane society . the foremention'd doctor leaves his discourse on this head , with one remark very much à propo to this our new sir positive . they are much mistaken ( saith he ) who place a kind of wisdom in being very incredulous , unwilling to assent to any testimony , how clear and full soever ; for this is not wisdom , but the worst kind of folly , accompany'd with disingenuity , obstinacy , rudeness , and the like bad dispositions . so that compare the two sorts of fools , the credulous fool , who yields his assent readily , upon any slight ground , and the suspicious fool , who never will be stirr'd by any the strongest reason , or clearest testimony , and we shall find the latter in most respects the worst of the two ; his folly arises from worse causes , hath worse adjuncts , and produces worse effects : credulity may spring from an airy complexion , and modest opinion of one's self ; suspiciousness hath its birth from an earthy temper of body , or self-conceitedness of mind ; that is apt to correct an errour , this intractable , stiff and incorrigible in his ignorance or mistakes ; both include want of judgment , but this pretending to more , becomes thereby more dangerous . in fine , were men , in their other affairs , or in ordinary converse , so diffident to plain testimony , as some seem to be in matters of religion , and almighty god , they would find great inconveniencies to proceed from thence ; their business would stick , their conversation would be distastful , they would be much more offensive , and no less ridiculous than the most credulous fool in the world. what now alone remains to be consider'd , is the thirtieth of january fast , a very great eye-sore to all calves ▪ heads and commonwealths-men , for which reason they have oblig'd this their milton junior to attaque it ; neither indeed could they have fix'd upon a fitter person on this side hell , he who makes it his constant business to libel the religion of so great a part , and the government of very nigh the whole world , christianity and monarchy , must needs be thought the properest instrument to decry the commemoration of a prince so eminently suffering on both those accounts ; and this hath been already observ'd their new mode of going thorough-stitch , doing all at once ; renounce their allegiance to god , and then there can be none due to his anointed : abdicate the 13 th to the romans , and the 30 th of january will fall in course . thus that figure-flinger to every faction , partridge , in his almanack for the year 89 , left out both that , and the 29th of may , but so he did likewise good-friday and holy-thursday . now if such fellows as these should be hearkned to in their freaks , what a thorough reformation should we have , how briskly would they carry us back to all the confusions of 48 , and 59. for this is amyntor's , and all his confederates design ; we must not recount their former villanies , that they may the more securely re act them ; forget past troubles , without any assurance of future peace ; and therefore i shall make but one general reply to all his cavils , both against the preachers and the day , and that shall be in the words of the act which enjoin'd it so solemnly to be observ'd , wherein 't is declar'd to be an horrid , impious , execrable murther , and unparallell'd treason , committed by a party of wretched men , desperately wicked , and hardned in impiety , who were neither true protestants , nor true subjects , but miscreants , whose fanatick rage gave the protestant religion the greatest wound and reproach , and the people of england the most insupportable shame and infamy it was possible for the enemies of god and the king to bring upon them . these were our nations thoughts , when newly recover'd out of twenty years rebellion and anarchy ; and 't is a sad sign of our relapsing into that old distemper , when a new generation of such wretched miscreants attempt to justifie what was then done , with every thing else which directly tends to immorality and irreligion ; for so most , if not all who of late have appear'd in this unworthy cause , will be found under one or two of these three , tho' too common , not yet commendable , denominations , cheists , atheists , and sodomites . can they imagine any person of sence and sobriety should have the less regard for our royal martyr , because such impious wretches dare to inveigh against him ? and not rather conclude him the best of kings and men , because exclaim'd against only by such , as in all other things approve themselves the very refuse of mankind ? no , doubtless , when these shimei's and rahshekah's have rail'd all they can , as long as there is any thing of vertue and religion , of honour and conscience in the world , the memory of this excellent prince will be sacred , and the shedding his innocent blood most devoutly deprecated , with remembēr not lord our offences , nor nor the offences of our fore-fathers , &c. that this amyntor , as he terms himself , or perhaps , i more properly , milton junior , should so violently prosecute that old snarling cynick's libels , is not easily to be resolv'd . personal disgust he can have none , nor relative , unless by an odd bye-way which some time since came into my head , fancying that the irish priest , his reputed father , might be one of those rigid ecclesiasticks which adher'd to , and put the nuncio upon breaking all ways and means of accommodation , and , among many other very bad qualities , might traduce that of an inveterate enmity to this his rightful and too gracious sovereign . for we must know , as the english rebels upbraided the king with too great indulgence to the irish ▪ so they , that is , the priests and priest-ridden party look'd upon him as an obstinate heretick , who would never condescend to let them have their own wills in all things , and thereupon made overtures to most catholick princes in europe , of holding the kingdom from theirs , and their father the pope's donation . now this son of that potato , finding how ill the project succeeded on the romish side , herds himself among the fanaticks and commonwealths-men , and is become a zealous prosecutor of milton's malice against monarchy in general , and that monarch more-especially to whom he was obliged to pay the profoundest veneration ; but withal , the matter is managed at such an hot-headed rate , with so little of milton's cunning or parts , as when they meet in the infernal regions , the gruff ghost will give him a severe reprimand , for managing the knave 's part so like a fool. and this indeed is the sole consolation any man of observation can have , as to the no-accomplishment of what their busie heads have always in projection , they over-act their parts , have more will but worse management than their predecessors , whereof take this instance ; there was one a. m. some years since , not only a great imitator , but sub-secretary to milton , when both their commonwealthships most pitifully sneak'd to cromwell's tyranny , this person came afterward to make a figure so far as to be a representative , was of a reserv'd conversation , and thoughtful wit , which he employ'd to do what mischief he could both to crown and church , as occasion serv'd , but did not venture at all , as this hot-spur doth , without regard to god or man , the living or dead . yet to show how these two agreed in their characters , i shall end all with this passage ; when this mr. m — ll was dead , an admirer of his went to one of their own common acquaintance , whom he knew to have an ingenious fancy that way , and desir'd him to make an epitaph upon their departed friend : which he set about , and finishing , gave it to the person who made the request ; who , with a great deal of formality , said it was very well , but , in his judgment , fell short of the party 's just deserts . the composer knowing how much he had done the contrary , was so far concern'd , as to go to work a contrary way , and made another in burlesque , which ended thus , poëta mediocris , politicus minimus , christianus nullus . whether this amyntor hath so much as a mediocrity as to the first , may be question'd ; but for the other two , his little of the politicks , and no christianity , they are so altogether agreeable , as nothing can be more his due but a halter , and thereto we remit him . the conclusion . 't was an observation long since of the philosophers , odiorum acriores causae quando iniquoe : and the reason given is very consistent ; the less ( say they ) such malevolent tempers have from the object , the more they must supply from themselves , make up the defect of demerit in the person , by the virulency of their own perverse dispositions , and malicious calumnies . that this hath been all along the practice of man's corrupt nature , is apparent from numberless instances in prophane history , though i shall mention but one or two from sacred . the royal prophet never more passionately complains than upon this account of all his enemies , none were so outragious as they which hated him without a cause . his familiar friends , in whom he trusted , and upon whom he had laid the greatest obligations , magnified themselves most against him . and though this was literally true in the psalmist's own person , yet in the mystery he foretold it of our blessed saviour , and accordingly he apply'd it to himself , in the gross infidelity of the jews , with their incessant projects to take away his life , notwithstanding he had done among them the works which none other man did ; but this , he tells us , cometh to pass , that the word might be fulfilled which is written in their law , they hated me without a cause . how applicable this is to our martyr's treatment , every eye may discover , and i shall not here add any thing to what hath been already said , either as to those barbarous , inhumane vsages wherewith our pharisees●o ●o jewishly parallell'd their predecessors there , nor enlarge upon those just commendations the wise and good ever have , and ever must acknowledge due to his most sacred memory . and therefore i desire all who wish well to our old establishments , upon which alone the nation 's peace and welfare depends , to take notice , that the design of this third part , is not so much to vindicate the king , as to caution the people against a new set of king-killers : for 't is my real belief , not that i would have them take it in charity neither , that those former thought , nay , knew their many odious reflections upon that monarch to be false , but could not without such vile infernal arts carry on the grand intrigue they were so hot upon , of subverting the monarchy . thus that rump buffoon , harry marten , declar'd publickly in the house , if we must have a king , he already so , was as proper as any gentleman in england ; and thereupon did freely own , what he stood against was the thing , not the person : and many others , upon the like occasion , were forced to blunder out the like acknowledgments . but when cromwell and ireton had made things ripe for his murther , then the cue was given to blacken him all that they could , which nevertheless struck at him most in his politick capacity . now to bring this down to our present projectors , so forward to revive that good old cause , they tread directly in the same steps , and in order thereto , with redoubled impudence , revive the old defamations . what indeed they further entertain us with , must be own'd altogether new , but withal too imposing upon this age of ours , tho' too easily impos'd upon ; the characters , i mean , given those of the rump oligarchy , and officers of the army , who suffer'd for no greater offence than ruine of king and kingdom , are so extravagantly fulsom and false , as every one of the least thought may justly suspect whatever they relate of other matters , to be as far from truth . can any one imagine so foul an original as they propound , should be worth copying ; for that , when first drawn , it appear'd most monstrous , a kind of gorgon , could not be look'd upon without horrour and detestation ? how , i say , could this latter brood , these sons of innovation , think to make us enamour'd with a commonwealth , when the only persons they commend for the wise administration thereof , never had any thing of sober sence , or solid principles ; as that maggotty hot-spur , sir h. vane , equally made up of freak and fury ; that sink of all immorality and prophaneness , harry marten ; corbet the jew , ludlow the cynick , with twenty or thirty more , the most unclean , and withal unweildy beasts that were ever pack'd together in one stall ; no more fit to be the guardians of a nation , than so many wolves to a flock of sheep : neither is it possible for any one to cry up and applaud them , as we find many now-a-days do , did they not lie under the like lycanthropy . the reflections likewise upon their tryals are truly commonwealthish , that is , most false and disingenuous , as , 't is hop'd , hath been all along shown , to the satisfaction of every honest man ; from such as are otherwise 't is not to be expected ; yet i could have told them , there were several gentlemen , and some perhaps of both houses , earnestly press'd for a bill of attainder , as of quicker dispatch , without going through the tedious forms of law , in so clear a matter of fact. and certainly , if such a bill had been ever proper , 't was here : but the generality of the nation were then grown so experimentally wise , and thereupon considerate , as to abhorr what they had seen so fatal in the case of laud , and strafford , with numberless other arbitrary exorbitances , which many of themselves had most sadly felt from every prevailing junto . upon which account , great care was taken that the whole current of affairs should be brought into the old channel ; no man question'd either for estate or life , but according to the immemorial vsages of our ancestors ; and this was done with all exactness imaginable , against so horrid , and withal so so unprecedented a fact , as the like was never seen nor heard of among the children of men. and that now , after nigh forty years , this regular procedure should be arraign'd , basely represented , and the worthy judges of the court impudently slander'd , in the remains , forsooth , of a party so desperately engag'd , as , had he not fled from justice , would have been one of the first brought under its most deserved severity , is not a little surprising ; and yet to make it more , all this is made publick by a cabal of men , with such high elogium's upon their persons , and tacit justifications of their treasons , as if none but rebels and regicides were worthy to govern the nation : and this may add a further surprize yet , that such abominable insolencies should be so tamely suffer'd , as if we had a mind once more to come under their cruel clutches ; which , could the innocent escape , should never be my concern , to see befall such as might prevent it if they pleas'd . the only thing therefore i shall further recommend , is a cautious distrust of whatever these part-taking historians impose upon the world ; that we would try their spirits in a civil as well as religious sence , by which means it will soon appear how much they have , in each respect , of the old pharisee , the painted sepulchre , with a great deal of flourish and positive ostentation to set themselves of ; whereas , upon a thorough search , there is nothing to be found underneath but the rotten bones of malice and self-interest , of fraud , and factious designs , a reviving stale lyes to foment fresh mischiefs . and were this course truly taken , would our politico's , now-a-days so numerous , go to the bottom of things , not content themselves with a superficial view , it would much abate their critical severities upon the royal cause , the management of affairs during those miserable distractions of rebellion and anarchy . when the battle is fought , and day lost , every pretender to the blade will be forward to tell , at least guess where the courage or conduct fail'd ; who , had they been in command , might have shown greater defects upon each account . with as little regard to candour and judgment are the foremention'd transactions most rashly run down ; since they cannot be presum'd to consider either , on the one hand , how difficult the steerage was in those rough seas ; nor , on the other , how much they expose themselves to the next generation for greater defects in much calmer weather , when all those violent storms of popular rage and zealous frenzy are much abated , and with due application might have been quite down ; neither can it be otherwise expected , but that after-days should be as forward as ours , and perhaps with more reason reflect what no advances we have made upon many great advantages : on the contrary , religion hath been so long suffer'd to run a-float , as 't is now scarce possible to retrieve her from being lost ; and in what posture our civil-administrations stand , we may not , but they will presume to judge . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a31028-e280 p. 64. pro planc . pol. lib. 4. c. 13. tryal , p. 51. tryals , p. 91. try. p. 50. p. 75. p. 50. p. 3. speech ▪ p. 22. try. p. 88. try. p. 87. tryals , p. 150. speeches , p. 29. passages , and speeches , p. 27. tryal , p. 239. hist . of ind. tryal , p. 251. athen. oxo . vol. 2. 495. hist . of ind. p. 36. col ▪ okey's sp. 75. tryal of sir h. v. p. 89. p. 95. tryal of sir h. v. pag. 81. jo. 16. 2. tryals , p. 101. rom. 2. 5. nals . col. 221. dr. burl. p. 145. dr burl. 217. 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 punc ; of the power of princes . pag. 12● . 12 car. ii. d — y t — d st — ns ps . 35. 19. — 69. 4. jo. 15. 24 , 25.