by the king. his majestie taking into his princely consideration the manifold inconveniences and mischiefs that may arise and happen by the riotous and tumultuous assemblies, ... england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a79117 of text r209717 in the english short title catalog (thomason 669.f.3[26]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 2 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a79117 wing c2821 thomason 669.f.3[26] estc r209717 99868584 99868584 160584 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a79117) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 160584) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 245:669f3[26]) by the king. his majestie taking into his princely consideration the manifold inconveniences and mischiefs that may arise and happen by the riotous and tumultuous assemblies, ... england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 1 sheet ([1] p.) by robert barker, printer to the kings most excellent majestie: and by the assignes of john bill, imprinted at london : 1641. title from caption and opening lines of text. "given at our court at vvhitehall, this eight and twentieth day of december, in the seventeenth yeer of our reign.". with engraving of royal seal of charles i at head of document. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng riots -great britain -17th century -early works to 1800. great britain -history -charles i, 1625-1649 -early works to 1800. a79117 r209717 (thomason 669.f.3[26]). civilwar no by the king. his majestie taking into his princely consideration the manifold inconveniences and mischiefs that may arise and happen by the england and wales. sovereign 1641 277 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-09 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-09 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion c r diev et mon droit honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms ❧ by the king . his majestie taking into his princely consideration the manifold inconveniences and mischiefs that may arise and happen by the riotous and tumultuous assemblies , in and about the cities of london and westminster , not onely to the violation of his majesties peace , and scandall of government , but to the disturbance of his houses of parliament now assembled ; doth straitly charge and command all the inhabitants of his cities of london and westminster , and the liberties thereof , and also of the suburbs and confines of the said cities and places adjoyning , that upon no occasion they do assemble themselves in any tumultuous or riotous manner , in any part or place in or neer the said cities or liberties , and that all persons now assembled in any numbers , ( without his majesties authority ) do forthwith , upon publishing this his majesties proclamation , dissolve their assemblies and companies , and repair to their dwellings or places of abode , upon their perils , of being proceeded against as violaters of the publike peace of this his majesties kingdom , and of being punished according to the severity of the lawes and statutes of the same . given at our court at whitehall , this eight and twentieth day of december , in the seventeenth yeer of our reign . ❧ god save the king . ¶ imprinted at london by robert barker , printer to the kings most excellent majestie : and by the assignes of john bill . 1641. by the king. a proclamation for quieting possessions proclamations. 1660-06-01 england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a79319 of text r225521 in the english short title catalog (wing c3397). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 2 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a79319 wing c3397 estc r225521 99897939 99897939 171059 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a79319) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 171059) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2552:14) by the king. a proclamation for quieting possessions proclamations. 1660-06-01 england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, 1630-1685. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by christopher barker and john bill, printers to the kings most excellent majesty, london : 1660. at end of text: given at our court at whitehal the first day of june, 1660. and in the twelfth year of our reign. steele notation: scotland whilest often; arms 23. reproduction of original in the henry e. huntington library. eng riots -england -early works to 1800. thieves -england -early works to 1800. public welfare -law and legislation -england -early works to 1800. great britain -history -charles ii, 1660-1685 -early works to 1800. great britain -politics and government -1660-1688 -early works to 1800. broadsides -england a79319 r225521 (wing c3397). civilwar no by the king. a proclamation for quieting possessions. england and wales. sovereign 1660 349 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-07 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-09 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-09 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion c r diev et mon droit honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms by the king . a proclamation for quieting possessions . charles r. charles , by the grace of god , of england , scotland , france , and ireland , king , defender of the faith , &c. to all our loving subjects of our realm of england , and dominion of wales , greeting . we taking notice by the information of the lords and commons now assembled in parliament , that several riots have been committed , and forcible entries made upon the possessions of divers of our subjects , as well ecclesiastical as temporal , who have been setled in the said possessions by any lawful or pretended authority , and that without any order of parliament or legal eviction , to the disturbance of the publick peace , whilest these matters are under the consideration of our parliament . we therefore , by the advice of our lords and commons aforesaid , for prevention of the like riots and forcible entries , and preservation of the publick peace of this our realm , do by this our proclamation , command , publish , and declare , that no person or persons , ecclesiastical or temporal , shall presume forcibly to enter upon , or disturbe the said possessions , or any of them , till our parliament shall take order therein , or an eviction be had by due course of law . and all our justices of the peace , majors , sheriffs , and other ministers of justice , and all other our loving subjects , are hereby required to be aiding and assisting in the execution of this our proclamation , as often as occasion shall require , as they will avoid our royal displeasure . given at our court at whitehal the first day of june , 1660. and in the twelfth year of our reign . london , printed by christopher barker and john bill , printers to the kings most excellent majesty . 1660. at the court at white-hall, the 13th of july, 1682, present the king's most excellent majesty, &c. his majesty having been informed by the lord mayor, and other divers of aldermen of london, that the disorders and riots arisen in that city ... england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) 1681 approx. 1 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-03 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a39413 wing e806 estc r39424 18409446 ocm 18409446 107501 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a39413) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 107501) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1632:4) at the court at white-hall, the 13th of july, 1682, present the king's most excellent majesty, &c. his majesty having been informed by the lord mayor, and other divers of aldermen of london, that the disorders and riots arisen in that city ... england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, 1630-1685. 1 broadside. printed for c. read, london : 1681. other title information taken from first three lines of text. reproduction of original in the huntington library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng proclamations -great britain. riots -england. great britain -history -charles ii, 1660-1685. 2008-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-06 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-07 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-07 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion c r diev et mon droit honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms at the court at white-hall , the 13th . of july , 1682. present the king 's most excellent majesty : &c. his majesty having been informed by the lord mayor , and divers of the aldermen of london ; that the disorders and riots arisen in that city , upon the day appointed for the election of sheriffs , have been chiefly occasioned by the proceedings of the common-hall in an irregular way , contrary to what hath been anciently accustomed : his majesty by the advice of his council hath thought fit , for the better keeping of the peace , of the city , to direct , and hereby to require the lord mayor to maintain and preserve intire the ancient customs of the city . and for the better doing thereof , to take effectual order that at the common-hall to be held to morrow , all proceedings be begun anew , and carried on in the vsual manner as they ought to have been upon the twenty fourth day of june last . london : printed for c. read 168● . by the king a proclamation for the suppression of riots. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) 1675 approx. 2 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a32591 wing c3516 estc r25342 08936529 ocm 08936529 42000 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a32591) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 42000) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2974:31, 1279:22) by the king a proclamation for the suppression of riots. england and wales. sovereign (1660-1685 : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, 1630-1685. 1 broadside. printed by the assigns of john bill and christopher barker, london : 1675. reproductions of original in the bodleian library (reel 1279:22) and folger shakespeare library (reel 2974:31). created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng riots -great britain. 2008-07 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-10 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-11 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-11 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by the king. a proclamation for the suppression of riots . charles r. his majesty taking notice of many riotous and vnlawful assemblies of weavers and others , in or near the cities of london and westminster , and the borough of southwark , doth hereby straitly charge and command all and every the persons so assembled , forthwith upon notice of this his royal proclamation , to depart to their own houses , and to forbear any further assembling , upon pain of being proceeded against as traitors and enemies to his majesty his crown and dignity . and his majesty doth further command all officers civil and military , and all other his loving subjects , that they be aiding and assisting to apprehend all such persons as shall presume so to assemble or continue together contrary to this his royal proclamation , and in disturbance of the peace , as they will answer the contrary at their utmost peril . dated at the council-chamber in whitehall , the 11 th day of august , in the 27 th year of his majesties reign , 1675. god save the king. london , printed by the assigns of john bill and christopher barker , printers to the kings most excellent majesty . 1675. at the court at whitehall this sixth day of november 1685 present, the kings most excellent majesty. his royal highness prince george.... mr. chancellour of the dutchy. for the preventing tumultuous disorders, which may happen hereafter upon pretence of assembling, to make bonfires, and fire-works,... orders in council. 1685-11-06 england and wales. sovereign (1685-1688 : james ii) 1685 approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a84492 wing e799 estc r223032 99896125 99896125 153924 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a84492) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 153924) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2390:4) at the court at whitehall this sixth day of november 1685 present, the kings most excellent majesty. his royal highness prince george.... mr. chancellour of the dutchy. for the preventing tumultuous disorders, which may happen hereafter upon pretence of assembling, to make bonfires, and fire-works,... orders in council. 1685-11-06 england and wales. sovereign (1685-1688 : james ii) james ii, king of england, 1633-1701. 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the assigns of john bill deceas'd: and by henry hills, and thomas newcomb, printers to the kings most excellent majesty, london : 1685. "a reissue of previous orders in council, nos. 3711, 3734, 3754, q.v., forbidding bonfires and fireworks without permission having been previously obtained." -steele. title from caption title and first lines of text. arms 102a; steele notation: may fires, persons. reproduction of original in the henry e. huntington library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng fireworks -law and legislation -england -early works to 1800. riots -england -early works to 1800. broadsides -england -london 2007-09 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-11 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-01 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2008-01 emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion royal blazon or coat of arms j2 r diev et mon droit at the court at whitehall this sixth day of november 1685. present , the kings most excellent majesty . his royal highness prince george . lord arch-bishop of canterbury . lord chancellor . lord treasurer . lord privy seal . duke of ormond . duke of beaufort . duke of queensbery . lord chamberlain . earl of huntingdon . earl of peterborough . earl of sunderland . earl of craven . earl of nottingham . earl of perth . earl of middleton . lord viscount fauconberg . lord viscount preston . lord viscount melfort . lord dartmouth . lord godolphin . mr. chancellour of the exchequer . lord chief justice herbert . mr. chancellour of the dutchy . for the preventing tumultuous disorders , which may happen hereafter upon pretence of assembling , to make bonfires , and fire-works , and disappointing the evil designs of persons disaffected to the government , who commonly make use of such occasions , to turn those meetings into riots and tumults : it is this day ordered by his majesty in council , that no person or persons whatsoever , do presume to make or encourage the making any bonfires , or other publick fire-works , at or upon any festival day , or at any other time or times whatsoever , without particular permission , leave , or order first had from his majesty , or this board , or signified to them by the right honourable the lord mayor of london , or by the justices of the peace in their respective limits , upon pain of his majesties displeasure , and being prosecuted with the utmost severity of the law ; whereof all persons whom it may concern , are to take notice at their perils . w. bridgeman . london , printed by the assigns of john bill deceas'd : and by henry hills , and thomas newcomb , printers to the kings most excellent majesty , 1685. a proclamation, for suppressing of tumults in edinburgh, and elsewhere. scotland. privy council. 1688 approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05690 wing s1922 estc r183546 52528991 ocm 52528991 179091 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05690) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179091) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2776:80) a proclamation, for suppressing of tumults in edinburgh, and elsewhere. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1685-1688 : james vii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson, printer to his most sacred majesty, edinburgh : anno dom. 1688. caption title. royal arms at head of text; initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the thirteenth day of december, 1688. and of our reign, the fourth year. signed: will. paterson, cls. sti. concilii. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng riots -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. law enforcement -scotland -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-01 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-01 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-02 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2008-08 spi global rekeyed and resubmitted 2008-10 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-10 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion i7 r honi soit qui mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms a proclamation , for surpressing of tumults in edinburgh , and elsewhere . james , by the grace of god , king of great-britain , france and ireland , defender of the faith ; to macers of our privy council , and messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting : forasmuch as there can nothing tend more to overturn the protestant religion , liberty and property of the kingdom in general , nor of every particular person , than the being exposed to the arbitrary insults of licentious tumults , who being guided only by blinded rage , are ready to make a prey of any whose estates , or persons can satisfie their revenge , or avarice ; therefore the lords of his majesties privy council considering the late execrable tumults , raised within this city , and the formidable effects thereof , not only within this city , but that it has spread it self over the countrey , have thought fit to discharge all tumultuary meetings within this city , or suburbs , under the highest pains that law can allow ; and as by former proclamations , so now again , command and impower the magistrats of this city to take all effectual courses for repressing these tumults , assuring them , that if they fail therein , they will transfer the judicatures to some other town , that will be more loyal and obedient to law , and that they will interpole with his majesty , that not only the town and magistrats shall be punished , but that all their deaconries shall be dissolved and their colledge closed up ; and that for the future , all who shall be found guilty , shall be excepted from acts of indemnity ; and lest strangers should ( under the presence of business ) come in to this city , to disturb the same , by the assistance of the saids tumults ; we do in a most special manner require and impower them , to take up lists of such as enter into the city , and to look exactly unto their behaviour , and to put them under caution , if they think fit : as also , to prevent tumults in other burghs , they command and require the magistrats to put the laws in execution , against all such as convocate themselves illegally , or offer to invade or rob privat houses , and they impower all sheriffs , baillies of regalities , baillies of bailȝiaries , or their deputs , to prevent and dissipat all such convocations within their respective jurisdictions , and to convocat all heretors and others , who are hereby ordered to assist them , to the effect foresaid , under all highest pain . and ordain these presents to be forthwith published at the mercat-cross of edinburgh , and other places needful , that none pretend ignorance . given under our signet at edinburgh , the thirteenth day of december , 1688. and of our reign , the fourth year . per actum dominorum sti. concilii . wil. paterson , cls. sti. concilii . god save the king . edinburgh , printed by the heir of andrew anderson , printer to his most sacred majesty : anno dom. 1688. a proclamation offering a reward and indemnity to such as shall discover the burning of the house of priest-field. scotland. privy council. 1681 approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b05715 wing s1956 estc r183573 52529319 ocm 52529319 179107 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b05715) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 179107) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2776:96) a proclamation offering a reward and indemnity to such as shall discover the burning of the house of priest-field. scotland. privy council. scotland. sovereign (1649-1685 : charles ii) 1 sheet ([1] p.) printed by the heir of andrew anderson, printer to his most sacred majesty, edinburgh : anno dom. 1681. caption title. royal arms at head of text; initial letter. intentional blank spaces in text. dated: given under our signet at edinburgh, the thretteenth day of january, one thousand six hundred eighty and oe, and of our reign, the thretty two year. signed: wil. paterson. cls. sti. concilij. reproduction of the original in the national library of scotland. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng arson -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. riots -scotland -edinburgh -early works to 1800. broadsides -scotland -17th century. 2008-01 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-01 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-03 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-10 spi global rekeyed and resubmitted 2008-12 john pas sampled and proofread 2008-12 john pas text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation , offering a reward and imdemnity to such as shall discover the burning of the house of priest-field , charles , by the grace of god , king of great britain , france , and ireland , defender of the faith ; to _____ our lyon king at arms , and his brethren heraulds , macers of our privy council , pursevants , messengers at arms , our sheriffs in that part , conjunctly and severally , specially constitute , greeting ; forasmuch as the government of this our ancient kingdom , being entrusted to us by the almighty god , we have ever endeavoured , with a royal and fatherly care , to preserve it free from intestine disorders ; and civil war , the greatest of all dangers ( because our subjects must fall therein on both sides ) by repressing all tumults and combinations , in their first appearances : in order whereunto , being informed that some disorderly boys , as well students in the colledge of edinburgh , as apprentices of that our city , did of late enter into bonds and combinations , and gather themselves in tumults upon the streets of that our city , differencing themselves by cognizances , and threatning to burn the house of priest-field , belonging to the provost of that our city ; our privy council did only endeavour to secure the publick peace , and prevent insolences against our faithful and loyal subjects , and albeit we delayed any punishment of so great disorders , till suitable means should be offered for preventing the ill consequences which naturally follow such licenciousness : yet so far was our clemency abused , that the said house of priest-field , was , to the great astonishment of all sober men , burnt down according to these threatnings , which is clearly proved to our privy council , by most unanswerable proofs ; by which , all our loyal and peaceable subjects are put in danger , as to their lives and fortunes , and the protestant religion defamed by such as use it for a cloak to their impieties : we have therefore thought fit , for discovery of that dreadful crime , and to prevent all future mischiefs , by a most exact inquiry into what is past , to offer ; likeas , we by advice of our privy council , offer a full indemnity and remission to any one who shall first discover the said dreadful crime , together with the sum of two thousand merks for his discovery ; which remission we declare to be as sufficient , as if the same were past our seals : and which sum , we hereby command and empower the commissioners of our thesaury to pay to the said discoverer , whom we hereby take into our special protection . and we ordain these presents to be published by you , at the merkat cross of edinburgh , and other places needful , and the same to be printed . given under our signet , at edinburgh , the thretteenth day of january , one thousand six hundred eighty and one , and of our reign , the thretty two year . per actum dominorum , secreti concilij . wil. paterson . cl. sti. concilij . god save the king . edinburgh , printed by the heir of andrew anderson , printer to his most sacred majesty , anno dom. 1681. by the king a proclamation for the better discouery and apprehension of those malefactors, who were actors in the late insolent riots and murders committed in fleetstreet, london, vpon friday, the tenth day of this instant moneth of iuly. england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) 1629 approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 2 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a22510 stc 8933 estc s122762 33150662 ocm 33150662 28694 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a22510) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 28694) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1475-1640 ; 1876:116) by the king a proclamation for the better discouery and apprehension of those malefactors, who were actors in the late insolent riots and murders committed in fleetstreet, london, vpon friday, the tenth day of this instant moneth of iuly. england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. [2] leaves. by bonham norton and iohn bill, printers to the kings most excellent maiestie, imprinted at london : anno dom. m.dc.xxix [1629] caption title. imprint from colophon. "giuen at our court at whitehall, the eighteenth day of iuly, in the fift [sic] yeere of our reigne of great britaine, france and ireland." reproduction of original in: society of antiquaries. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng vaughan, henry. stamford, henry grey, -earl of, 1599?-1673. fleetstreet riot, london, england, 10 july 1629. riots -england -london -early works to 1800. london (england) -history -17th century. great britain -history -charles i, 1625-1649. 2000-00 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2001-06 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2001-06 tcp staff (michigan) sampled and proofread 2001-00 tcp staff (michigan) text and markup reviewed and edited 2001-11 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by the king. a proclamation for the better discouery and apprehension of those malefactors , who were actors in the late insolent riots and murders committed in fleetstreet , london , vpon friday , the tenth day of this instant moneth of iuly . whereas vpon friday , the tenth day of this instant moneth , vpon the occasion of an arrest then made by the sheriffes officers of the citie of london , diuers insolent assaults and tumults were made and raised vpon the constables and watches of the citie , whereupon much bloodshed , and the barbarous murther of diuers of our louing subiects hath insued , and those insolencies so long continued , and at the last grew to such height , that there was an open and violent resistance and opposition made against our lord maior of london , and our sheriffes of our citie , assisted with some of the trained bands necessarily drawne forth to suppresse those outrages , which were committed rather in rebellious then in a riotous manner ; we hauing taken these affronts to justice , and to our publique officers and ministers , into our princely consideration , and hauing already giuen a strict charge and command for the due examination of these so bold and audacious attempts , and finding by the returne of those , whose paines wee haue imployed in that seruice , that very few of the principall actors can by their industry bee yet taken or discouered , and , wee bring resolued , in a case of this extraordinary qualitie and consequence , to proceed according to the strict rule of iustice , against all those who shall bee found to bee the offendors , that by their examples others may hereafter be warned not to dare to runne into the like : to the end therefore that those malefactors may not be concealed , and so escape their due punishments , these are to will and command , all and euery our louing subiects whom it may concerne , especially the chirurgions , in , or neere our city of london or westminster , who haue , or since that day had , any hurt or wounded men in their cure , that they and euery of them vpon their allegiance to us , and the duty they owe to the publike peace of our state , and vpon paine of such punishments , as by our lawes , or by our prerogatiue royall ran be inflicted vpon them , for their neglect herein , doe foorthwith vpon publication of this our royall pleasure , discouer to the lord president of our priuie councell , or to one of our principall secretaries of state , the names of all such persons as they know , or by probable coniecture , doe suspect to have beene actors in any of those late tumults , and the places of their abidings , and that they , and all other persons whatsoeuer , doe their best indeauours , to detaine or apprehend them , or cause them to bee detained or apprehended without expecting any further or other warrant in that behalfe , and by name that they apprehend , or cause to bee apprehended , wheresoever they shall be found , captaine vaughan , henry stamford , and one ward , an ensigne , that so they and euery of them , may bee ready to answere such matters , as on our behalfe shall be obiected against them ; hereof all and euery persons , whom it may concerne in their seuerall places , are to take notice , and carefully to obserue the same , at their vttermost perills . giuen at our court at whitehall , the eighteenth day of iuly , in the fift yeere of our reigne , of great britaine , france , and ireland . god saue the king. ¶ imprinted at london by bonham norton and iohn bill , printers to the kings most excellent maiestie . m.dc.xxix . a discourse concerning riots occasioned by some of the people called quakers, being imprisoned and indicted for a riot, for only being at a peaceable meeting to worship god / written by one of that people, thomas ellwood. ellwood, thomas, 1639-1713. 1683 approx. 53 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 9 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-07 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a39302 wing e618 estc r39419 18403508 ocm 18403508 107496 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a39302) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 107496) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1632:2) a discourse concerning riots occasioned by some of the people called quakers, being imprisoned and indicted for a riot, for only being at a peaceable meeting to worship god / written by one of that people, thomas ellwood. ellwood, thomas, 1639-1713. 16 p. printed for thomas hoskins ..., london : mdclxxxiii [1683] imperfect: cropped and slightly faded. advertisement: p. 16. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng society of friends -england -apologetic works. riots -england. persecution -england. great britain -religion -17th century. 2003-02 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2003-03 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2003-05 judith siefring sampled and proofread 2003-05 judith siefring text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-06 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a discourse concerning riots . occasioned by some of the people called qvakers , being imprisoned and indicted for a riot , for only being at a peaceable meeting to worship god. written by one of that people , thomas ellwood . thou shalt not wrest iudgment , deut. 16.19 . if thou seest the oppression of the poor , and violent perverting of iudgment and iustice in a province , marvel not at the matter : for he that is higher than the highest , regardeth , and there be higher than they , eccl : 5.8 . london , printed for thomas howkins , in george-yard in lombard-street , mdclxxxiii . the occasion of this discourse . the proceedings of late , in city and country , against some of the people called quakers , for riots , for only meeting peaceably together to serve and worship god , first put me upon inquiring into the nature of riots . what upon that inquiring i have found i here present to publick view , for common benefit , that none through ignorance may be occasion of bringing an unjust suffering upon an innocent people , and thereby guilt upon themselves . i do not pretend much skill in law ( a study and profession i was never bred to ) but having spent some hours on this occasion , in searching what the law-books say in this case , i hope i may ( without incurring the censure of presumption ) communicate my gleanings to such of my well-meaning country-men , as have not leisure or opportunity to inform themselves otherwise . i solemnly declare i have no other end or aim in this work , than to do good and prevent evil : which consideration , with men of candour and ingenuity , will be , i hope , a sufficient apology for any seeming boldness in this vndertaking . a discourse concerning riots , &c. that the nature of a riot may be the better understood , i intend to observe this method . 1. to set down the strict and proper signification of the word . 2. to inquire what the statute law says concerning it . 3. to observe what the common acceptation of the word [ riot ] is in common law. 4. to shew the contrarieties between riots and peaceable religious meetings . 1. then , to begin with the signification of the word . cowell , a doctor of the civil law , and the king's professor thereof in the university of cambridge , says , the word riot ( in latin , riotum ) cometh of the french , rioter , that is , rixari ( which signifies to chide , scold , brawl , strive , or quarrel . ) cowell 's interpreter , verbo riot . lambard says , riot i think to be derived from the french word rioter , signifying to scold ( or brawl ) because such manner of acts be commonly accompanied with words of brawl . eirenarcha l. 2. cap. 5. blunt says , riot ( in french riote ) is a brawling scolding contention . glossograph . verbo riot . judge coke says , riotum ( a riot ) cometh of the french word riotter , that is , rixari ; which ( as i noted before ) signifies to scold , brawl , quarrel , &c. inst. 3. part cap. 79. tit. riots . keeble says , riot is of the french riotter , to scold or brawl , because such manner of acts be commonly accompanied with words of brawl . assistance to justices of the peace . p. 645. this is enough to shew how unapplicable the word riot , in its proper and true signification , is to a peaceable , quiet , religious meeting , which admits not of any scolding , brawling , quarrelling , or the like . 2. as to statute-law , although divers statutes were antienly made for the suppressing of riots , routs and unlawful assemblies , as 13 h. 4.7 . — 2 h. 5.8 . and 19 h. 7.13 . yet none of them define or describe what a riot is . so that i find nothing in the statute-law will add light to this inquiry ; and therefore we must have recourse to the common-law , and observe , 3. what the common acceptation of the word [ riot ] is in the common law. cowell says , it signifies in our common law , the forcible doing of an unlawful act by three or more persons assembled together for that purpose . cowell's interpreter , verbo riot . the same says lambard in his eirenarcha l. 2. c. 5. the same says west , part 2. symbol . tit. indictments . the same says r. blunt in his glossograph . verbo riot . the same says tho. blunt in his law-dictionary , verbo riot , the same ( in effect ) says the book called les termes de le ley , tit. riot , p. 244. and to the same purpose speaks keeble , in his assistance to justices of the peace . p. 645. thus in short the define a riot : but in the further opening of it , there are seven things i observe the law-books make essential to a riot ; which i will set down severally . 1. the first is the number of persons engaged in it ; which may be any number above two. 2. the second is , that there be some fact actually done . for if three persons or more should assemble together , and with intent to do such an act as would amount to a riot : yet if they do it not , but depart again without doing any thing , their so assembling is no riot . a riot , says lambard , is thought to be , where three or more persons be disorderly assembled to commit with force any such unlawful act , and do accordingly execute the same . eirenar●ha l. 2. c. 5. judge coke says , riot in the common law signifieth when three or more do any unlawful act , as to beat a man , &c. instit. 3. part. c. 79. tit. riots . a riot , says pulion , is where three persons or above do assemble themselves together to beat or maim a man , &c. and they do it . pult. de pace regis , fol. 25. dalton says , where three persons or more shall come or assemble themselves together , to the intent to do any unlawful act , with force or violence , against the peace , or to the manifest terror of the people , — if they do execute any such thing indeed , then it is a riot . country iustice , c. 85. tit. riots . the same says meriton in his guide for constables p. 93. a riot , says keeble , is thought to be , where three or more porsons be disorderly assembled to commit with force any unlawful act , and do accordingly execute the same . assist. to just. p. 645. she herd having shewed what number of persons , and what kind of unlawful act can make a riot , says , a riot is , where they do not only begin , and go on , but finish their work , or with unlawful weapons do such an unlawful act , grand abridgment part 3. p. 259. from all which it is evident , that for any number of persons barely to assemble themselves together ( thougb it were with a riotous intention ) is no riot , unless the same persons being so assembled , do commit some such unlawful act as in construction of law will amount to a riot ( and of what kind that must be , shall be our next inquiry . ) so that , if in a peaceable manner to preach or pray could legally be interpreted a riotous act : yet those meetings which are wholly silent , wherein there is nothing said , nothing done ; or wherein ( which is much alike ) no proof can be made of anything said or done ( and such , it seems was that meeting , which gave occasion to this discourse ) such meetings to be sure cannot be riots , 3. a third thing is , that the act or deed done must be not only unlawful , but injurious to another . this appears by the examples given by the most eminent lawyers that have written of this subject . judge coke says , " a riot in the common law signifieth , when three or more do any unlawful act : then to explain what he means here by an unlawful act , he immediately adds , as to beat any man , or to hunt in his park , chase or warren , or to enter or take possession of another man's land , or to cut or destroy his corn ; grass or other profit . instit. 3. p. c. 79. tit. riots . shepherd , having shewed what number of persons must be present to make a riot , adds , a second thing that must be in the case to make up any degree in these offences , must be , that the assembly they go with , or their intent and design must be evil , to do some hurt to men or that which is theirs : then instances thus , as breach of inclosures , or bancks , or conducts , parks , pounds , houses , barns , the burning of stacks of corn , or the like ; or to enter into lands , to beat others , or to carry away their wives , or the like . grand abridg. 3. part p. 259. tit. riots . fitz-herbert explains the unlawful act which makes a riot , by these examples , viz. to beat or to maim another , fitz-h . office of just. of peace , p. 53. lambard uses these examples viz. to beat a man , or to enter upon a possession forcibly . eirnarcha , lib. 2. c. 5. the same are in the book called les terms de la ley . tit. riot . p. 244. pulton says , a riot is where three persons or more do assemble themselves together to the intent to beat or maim a man , to pull down a house , wall , pale , hedge , or ditch ; wrongfully to claim or take common or way in a ground , to destroy any park , warren , dove-house , pond , pool , barn , mill , or stack of corn ; or to do any other unlawful act , with force and violence , and against the peace , and they do it . pult. de pace regis , fol. 25. meriton says , where three persons or more shall come and assemble themselves together , to the intent to do any unlawful act , with force or violence , against the person of another , his possessions or goods ( then he instances particulars ) as to kill , beat , or otherwise to hurt , or to imprison a man ; to pull down a house , wall , pale , hedge , or ditch ; wrongfully to enter upon or into another man's possession , house or lands , &c. or to cut , or take away corn , grass , wood , or other goods wrongfully ; or to hunt unlawfully in any park or warren , or to do any other unlawful act ( with force or violence ) against the peace , or to the manifest terror of the people , — if they do any such thing in deed , then it is a riot . guide for constables , p. 92.93 . for this he cites divers authors , particularly dalton , who gives the self-same examples of an unlawful riotous act , and out of whom he seems to have transcribed this verbatim . so that i need not repeat what dalton there says ; but shall only observe out of him , that one of the reasons he gives , why , if divers do assemble and gather together to play at certain unlawful games and sports ( which he mentions ) it is no riot , is , because these meetings ( says he ) usally are not with any intent to offer or do violence or hurt to the person , possessions or goods of any other . dalt . country just. c. 85. tit. riots . by all these instances it is evident , that those unlawful acts which the common law takes notice of as riots , are such as are some way or other injurious and hurtful to the persons or possessions of others ; but quiet and peaceable meetings , for the worship of god only , are no ways injurious or hurtful to the persons or possessions of any . so that it is not every unlawful meeting , or assembly of people forbidden by the law , that will amount unto a riot . 't is true indeed , every riot is an unlawful assembly ; but ( the terms are not convertible ) every unlawful assembly is not a riot . dalton says , the manner of doing an unlawful act by an assembly of people , may be such ( and so handled ) as that it shall not be punished as a riot . country just. c. 86. p. 221. and both lambard and keeble , from marrow , assure us , that an unlawful thing maybe so done , as that it cannot be made a riot . eirenarcha , l. 2. c. 5. assistannce to just. p. 645. and so says shepherd also , grand abridgment 3. part . p. 260. and to manifest yet further , that by an unlawful act in a riotous sense , the law books intend such an act as is injurious or hurtful to the person or possessions of another they tell us that unlawful act which makes a riot , must be malum in se evil in it self and of its own nature . this dalt . implies , when he says that to play at foot-ball , bucklers , bear-baitings , dancings , bowls , cards or dice , or such like games or desports ( which he confesses are unlawful ) is no riot , because they are not evil in themselves . country just. c. 85. but in the last edition of dalton ; ( printed last year , with many considerable additions by another hand ) it is said expresly , an unlawful assembly , riot or rout , is where three or more shall gather together , come or meet in one place , to do some unlawful act with violence , and that unlawful act must be malum in se , that is , evil in it self ) and not malum prohibitum ( not evil forbidden , only . ) see the new edition of dalton's country justice , c. 136. now if ( according to these ) that unlawful act which makes a riot must be evil in it self ; or injurious , then surely it cannot possibly be a riot for people to assemble peaceably and quietly together to worship god : for certainly no man can harbour a thought , that it is evil in it self for men and women to worship god , or to assemble together , in a peaceable manner , for that end . and it is manifest that the statute of the 22. car. 2. ( commonly called the conventicle act ) which prohibits those meetings to greater numbers , doth not take those meetings to be evil in themselves , because it permits them to lesser numbers . 4. a fourth thing essential to a riot is force or violence . so all agree . cowell says , it signifies in our common law , the forcible doing of an unlawful act , &c. cowell's interpreter , verbo riot . west says , a riot is the forcible doing of an unlawful act , &c. symbol . 2 par tit. indictments . r. blunt says , riot signifies in our common law , the forcible doing of an unlawful act , &c. glossograph . verbo riot . tho. blunt says , riot signifies the forcible doing an unlawful act , &c. law-dictionary , verbo riot . keeble says , a riot is thought to be where three or more persons be disorderly assembled to commit with force any such unlawful act , &c. assist. to just. p. 645. lambard not only defines a riot to be , where three or more persons be disorderly assembled to commit with force , any such unlawful act ; but at his entrance upon the discourse of riots , having premised that many contentions may be without any apparent shew of assembly against the peace ; i will leave them , says he , and resort to those other that the commission saith to be done vi armata ; and thereupon he proceeds to describe riots , routs , &c. so that it is plain he lookt upon that act which could make a riot , to be an act done vi armata , with armed force , or , as the phrase is , with force and arms. and therefore , treating of what one justice may do in the case of a riot , he says , he alone ( or with his servant ) may go to the place , and such as he findeth riotously assembled and armed , he may arrest — and may take their weapons from them . eirenarcha , l. 2. c. 5. tit. riots . which implies that they must be armed , they must have weapons , that commit a riot . but shepherd speaks full and plain : for describing an unlawful assemby , rout and riot , he says , rout is , where being thus met they move , being weaponed , from the place of their meeting towards the place where they prepose to do this act , in a turbulent way to effect it , &c. but a rior , he says , is where they not only begin and go on , but with vnlawful weapons finish or do such an unlawful act. grand abridgment 3. part . p. 259 : dalton says expresly , it seemeth it can be no riot , except there be an intent precedent to do some unlawful act , and with violence or force , count , just. ch . 85. thus all concur , that that act which makes , or can be made a riot , must be a forcible act , or an act done with force . so that no force , no riot . and therefore , seeing our peaceable , quiet , religious meetings are wholly free from force and violence , it follows that they are also free from riot . now that none may err through misapprehension that the words [ vi armata , or with force and arms ] are words of form only , and not material and essential to a riot ; let me add what lambard saith thereupon . even as the civilians do handle two sorts of force : of which they call the one vim , and vim simplicem , privatam ; five quotidianam ; and the other vim armatam , atrocem & publicam , because the first is void of any fearful outrage , and the latter seemeth to kindle the coals of sedition it self : so likewise says he , our law taketh knowledge of two manner of force , whereof the one is rather intellectual than actual , and may therfore be termed , a force in the consideration of law , which accounteh all that to be vis , which is contrary to ius . but the other is apparent by the act it self , which alwaies carrieth some fearful shew , and matter of terror ( or trouble ) with it . eirenar . l. 2. c. 4. p. 140. and therefore ( l. 2. c. 5. p. 174. ) he explains [ vis armata ] to be that , which doth bring manifest terror unto the subject . and as he makes that which he calls an intellectual force , or a force in the consideration of law , to relate to suits and actions at law for trespasses , &c. so ( in his first book , c. 2. p. 7. ) he declares , it is no part of the justices office to forbid lawful suits and controversies , but to suppress injurious force and violence moved against the person , his goods or possessions and in p. 10. he saies , i conclude that this furious gesture and beastly force of body or hands ( and not every contention , suit and disagreement of minds ) is the proper subject and matter about which the office of the iustices of the peace is to be exercised . now since a riot is the proper subject and matter about which the office of justices of the peace is to be exercised , it follows that that vis armata , that force and arms , which is of necessity to the making of a riot , must needs be this furious gesture this beastly force of body and hands ( as lambard calls it ) which brings terror to the people , and which our meetings are free from ▪ dalton also , undertaking to shew what the law accounteth to be force , and what weapons be offensive in these and the like cases , saies , to have harness , guns , bows and arrows , cross-bows , halberts , javelins , bills , clubs , pikes , pitchforks , or swords not usually born by the parties , shall be said to be vis armata . and so to use casting of stones , hot coals , scalding water or lead , or , be said to be vis armata ; country iust. c. 77. p. 203. 5 a fifth thing is the previous intent of the persons assembled . both lambard and keeble tell us , the intention and purpose of those that be assembled is worthy the weighing . and they instance some cases of persons that being met at an ale-house , a christmas-dinner , or a church-ale , fell together by the ears and fought , yet this was no riot ( but a sudden affray only ) because they did not come thither with intention to fight ; eiren. l. 2. c. 5. assist. to just. tit. riots . shepherd says , if many come together unarmed , they know not why themselves ; this is no offence punishable , unless it can be known , that they came to some evil intent , or that they do miscarry themselves in some evil act. now , since we come together unarmed , not to any evil intent , but to a very good intent , namely , to serve and worship the true god , in a peaceable manner , and do not miscarry our selves in any evil act in our meeting : surely ( if shepherd might be judge ) our meetings are not riots . dalton speaks home ; it seemeth , says he , it can be no riot , except there be an intent precedent to do some unlawful act , and with violence and force ; count. just. ch . 85. now the intent of our meetings being only to serve and worship god , and that not with violence or force , but in peace and quietness , it seemeth such meetings cannot be riots . 6. a sixth thing essential to a riot is , breach of the peace . the peace must be broken , or it is no riot . in this all agree . and least any doubt should arise what is intended by , or what will amount to a breach of the peace in this case , the law-books will explain it . lambard saies , two special things there are , that be common and must concur , both in the unlawful assembly , rout and riot ; the one that three persons ( at the least ) be gathered together : — the other , that they being together , do breed some apparent disturbance of the peace , either by signification of speech , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or actual and express violence ; so that either the peaceable sort of men be unquieted and feared by the fact , or the lighter sort and busie-bodies be imboldened by the example ; eiren. l. 2. ch . 5. cowell , following him saies , two things are common both to riot , rout and unlawful assembly ; the one , that three persons at the least be gathered together : the other that they being together do breed disturbance of the peace ; ( how ? ) either by signification of speech , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or actual and express violence ; cowel's interp. verbo riot . shepherd saies , these two things are common both to the riot , and the rout , and unlawful assembly . there must be three persons at the least gathered together in it : the other , that being together , they do breed disturbance of the peace , either by signification of speech , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or actual and express violence , &c. grand abridgment , p. 3. p. 259. dalton saies , as there must necessarily be three persons at the least , assembled together , to make a riot , &c. so there being together , and their demeanour must be such , as shall or may breed some apparent disturbance of the peace ; either by threatning speeches , turbulent gesture , shew of armour , or actual force or violence ( to the terrour and fearing of the peaceable sort of people , or to the emboldening and stirring up of such as are busy-headed , and of evil disposition , by such fact ) or else it can be no riot , &c. country iust. c. 87. tho. blunt saies , two things are common both to rout , riot and unlawful assembly ; the one , that three persons at least be gathered together : the other , that they being together do disturb the peace , either by words , shew of arms , turbulent gesture , or actual violence ; law-diction . verbo rout. keeble saies , two special things there are that be common , and must concur both in the unlawful assembly , rout and riot . 1. that three persons at the least be gathered together ; — 2. that there being together , do breed some apparent disturbance of the peace , either by signification of speech , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or actual and express violence . so that either the peaceable sort of men be unquieted and feared by the fact , or the lighter sort and busie-bodies be imboldened by the example ; assist. to iust. p. 645 . and saies he , p. 646. ( and so saies lambard also , eiren. l. 2. c. 5. ) if many do meet to play at bowls , tables , or cards ( which yet are unlawful games forbidden by the statute of 33 h. 8.9 . ) and do use no misbehaviour against the peace , they are not punishable in this degree . how much less then are they punishable in this degree , ( viz. of riot ) who meet together for a good and godly end only , to worship god , and use no misbehaviour against the peace ! by all these testimonies it appears , both that to the making of a riot there must of necessity be a breach of the peace ; and also wherein that breach of the peace consists , namely , in threatning speeches , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or actual violence . and that this is indeed the true and proper meaning of the words [ breach of the peace ] might be further confirmed by other evidences out of lambard's eiren. l. 1. c. 2. and l. 2. c. 3. but most plainly out of dalton , who having defined peace ( in a legal sense ) to be an abstinence from actual and injurious force and offer of violence , saies , the breach of this peace seemeth to be any injurious force or violence moved against the person of another , his goods , lands , or other possessions , whether it be by threatning words , or by furious gesture , or force of the body , or any other force used in terrorem ; count. iust. c. 3. but well known it is to all , that know our meetings , that no injurious force or violence is moved by us in our meetings against the person , goods , lands , or possessions of any : so that the peace is not broken by us in our meetings , and consequently our meetings are not riots . 7. the seventh and last thing essential to a riot is , terrour to the people ; that is , that the thing done be either of it self , and in its own nature so dreadful , or performed in such a formidable and affrighting manner , that the people are thereby struck with terrour . lambard , proceeding to speak particularly of riots , routs , &c. saies , i will leave those contentions which may be without any apparent shew of assembly against the peace , and resort to those other that the commission saith to be done vi armata , and that do bring manifest terrour unto the subject . and a little after , he mentious the use of har●●ss on midsummer-night in london , or on may-day in the country , ` which ( being for sport only ) is , saies he , no such offence ( that is , no riot ) seeing no terrour followeth of it : and , saies he , the words in terrorem populi seem to be material in an indictment of this kind ; eiren. l. 2. c. 5. dalton saies , an assembly of an hundred persons or more ( yea though they be in armour ) yet if it be not in terrorem populi , and were assembled without any intent to break the peace , it is not prohibited by any of these statues ( viz. which were made against riots , &c. ) nor unlawful . and he gives the same instance lambard gave of the assembly of people , and their use of harness upon midsummer-night in london , which ( saies he ) being only for disport , is lawful ; and though it be with a great assembly of people , and in armour , yet it being neither in terrorem populi , nor to do any act with force and violence against the peace , it is lawful , saith dalton , coun. just. c. 85. and he shews further ( ch . 87. ) that if divers in a company shall go , on a lawful occasion , armed and in harness , to the terrour of the people , though they have no intent to fight , or to commit a riot , yet this is a rout by the manner of their going . but on the other hand , if they had gone in privy coats of plate , shirts of mail , or the like , to the intent to defend themselves from some adversary , this ( saies he ) seems not punishable within these statutes ; and the reason he gives is , for that there is nothing openly done in terrorem populi , to the terrour of the people keeble ( treating of riots , and reciting the words of lambard though he cites crompton for the author ) saies , to use horns on midsummer-night in london , or on may-day in the country , for sport only , is no such offence ( that is , is no riot ) seeing no terrour followeth it ; and the words [ in terrorem populi ] seem , saies he to be material in an indictment of this kind . assist. to just. p. 646. with keeble's judgment i chuse to close this point , both as he is the last ( so far as i know ) that hath written on this subject , and for that his book hath the approbation of all the twelve judges many other authors i could have quoted on this subject , & some too of great name , as marrow , kitchin , brook , crompton , &c. whom i find cited by others to this purpose ; but not having read these authors my self , i forbear using them , that i might not rely on any authority taken up at second hand . thus having gone through the several parts of a riot , according to the distribution premised , i take a riot , in short to be this . when three persons , or more , are assembled together in arms , with a fore-intent and purpose to do such an unlawful act , as is both evil in it self , and hurtful to another , either in person , or estate ; and do it in a forcible manner , to the apparent breach or disturbance of the peace , either by threatning words , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or open violence , and to the manifest terrour of the people . 4. now because ( according to the rule , contra●ia juxta se posita magis elucescunt , i e. ) when contraries are set one by another , their contrarieties do the more manifestly appear , i will briefly set forth the contrarieties between riots and peaceable religious meetings , by opposing our meetings to riots , through the several particulars before mentioned . and first as to number of persons . in a riot ( if the fact be such as the law accounts riotous ) any number of persons above two is sufficient to commit a riot . but in those meetings for the exercise of religion which are forbidden by the conventicle-act , it is not unlawful even by that act for four persons besides the family ( how numerous so ever that be ) to assemble together . so that even in point of numbers there is a material difference between riots and religious meetings : which shews , the parliament that gave liberty to four persons besides the family to meet , did not understand those meetings to be riots . th-conventicle-act doth not permit riots : but the conventicle-act doth permie religious meetings to such numbers as ( as if those meetings were of a riotous nature ) are sufficient to mak a riot ; therefore such meetings are not riots . 2. in a riot there must of necessity be some overt act , some deed done , some fact committed by the persons assembled ( which may come under the cognizance of outward evidence ) more than their bare assembling together , else it cannot be a riot . but ( as in none of our meetings there is any riotous act , ( so ) in such of our meetings as are wholly silent , there is no overt act at all , no deed done , no fact committed by any of the persons assembled ( which may come under the cognizance of outward evidence ) more than their bare assembling : therefore such meetings cannot be riots . 3. in riots , the fact done must be not only unlawful , but injurious or hurtful to another , either in person or estate . but our meetings ( if at all unlawful ) are no way injurious or hurtful to any , either in person or estate : therefore our meetings are no riots . 4. that act which makes a riot must be done vi armata , with force and arms , or in a forcible manner . but our meetings are not held , nor is there any thing done by us in them , vi armata , with force and arms , or in a forcible manner : therefore our meetings are not riots . 5. to make a riot , there must be a previous intent in the persons assembled , to do some such unlawful act as is evil in it self and hurtful to others , and that with force . but in our meetings , we have no previous intent to do any such unlawful act , as is evil in it self and hurtful to others ; nor have we any other intent at all , than sincerely and really to serve and worship god , and that without force or violence : therefore our meetings are not riots . 6. it is not a riot , unless the peace be broken or disturbed by the persons assembled , either by threatning speeches , shew of armour , turbulent gesture , or open violence . but in our meetings , the peace is never broken nor disturbed by us , we give no threatning speeches ; we shew no armour ( nor have any to shew ) we use no turbulent gestures ; nor do we offer violence to any : therefore our meetings are not riots . 7. it is not a riot , except it be done with terrour to the people . but our meetings are not held with terrour to the people : therefore our meetings are not riots . how truly i have stated the case , on the one hand , with respect to riots , the many quotations in the fore-going discourse will shew . how true an account , on the other hand , i have given of our meetings , the whole nation ( and all nations wherein we have meetings ) may judg . upon the whole , my request is , that all , both justices and jurors , who are or shall be concerned in this or the like case , will seriously weigh the matter , and not strain the law beyond its due extent . to oppress any by colour of law , is the greatest abuse of law. i intreat grand-juries therefore to regard iustice , to regard their oath . they are sworn expresly to examine diligently , and true presentment mabe , &c. they are sworn expresly , to present the truth , the whole truth , and nothing but the truth , to the best of their knowledge . now that they may not break their oath , but that they may true presentment make , that they may present nothing but the truth , that they may not present a falshood for truth , i intreat them again and again to examine diligently both what riots are , and what our meetings are . and if upon such diligent examination they find any of those material and essential differences between our meetings and riots ( which i have before observed ) that then they will , like just men and christians , keep themselves clear from making false presentments instead of true , from writing billa vera ( a true bill ) upon that bill ( and delivering it in as such upon their oaths ) which perhaps in three parts of four is utterly and apparently false : the like request i make to petit juries in the like case , who are sworn well and truly to try , and true deliverance make , &c. according to their evidence . which evidence ought to be of good fame : for it 's a maxim , iustitia non potest cum scelerato commercium habere ; justice can have no commerce with a wicked graceless person : and turpes a tribunalibus arcentur . vile persons ought to be rejected by courts of judicature . and therefore witnesses are required to be not only legales , lawful men , but probi , virtuous and good men , men of approved honesty , from such witnesses the jury may expect ( and ought to have before they find any man guilty ) a plain , full and clear evidence of every material part of the charge laid against him ; and let me add , of all such circumstances also , as may any way aggravate the offence : for nothing that may endamage the accused party should be taken upon presumption or supposition , nor without plain and clear proof . the witnesses deposition is therefore called evidence , because it makes the truth and falsehood of the charge evident and plain : and saies coke , probationes debent esse evidentes & perspicuae , proofs ought to be evident and clear . o that all men concerned in these and such like cases , would so conscienciously and considerately discharge the duty of their offices , that with comfort they might give account thereof to the great judge at the last day ! for why should any draw upon their own heads the guilt of perjury , and the vindictive cry of oppressed innocents ; but if there be any that are eager and desirous in their minds to have our meetings punished as riots ; let me intreat them also to consider , how dishonourable a reflection it would be both to the government , and to the religion established thereby , if peaceable , quiet , religious meetings , conscienciously holden , only and alone for the worship and service of god ( wherein no evil is either acted or intended , no violence or force used , no breach of the peace made , no terrour given : but an innocent , meek , passive , and truly christian behaviour and deportment shewn ) should be judicially declared riots , and punished as such : when at the same time our law-books assures us , that not only playing at bowls , dice , cards , &c. but even the numerous assemblies that frequent those more clamorous , rude , impetuous and boisterous sports of dancings , foot-ball-playing , bear-baitings , bucklers or fencings , and such like , are not riots , routs , nor unlawful assemblies , shall such vain and russianly sports wherein so much rudeness , disorder and prophaneness is committed ( and which seem to be so near of complexion to riots ) be declared to be no riots : and shall peaceable and religious meetings , wherein only god is worshipped ( and which have no shew nor appearance of riots in them ) be condemned for riots ! god forbid . if any should think our meetings may be riots , because we sometimes meet in the open streets or in the high-way ; let such consider , that we do not meet in the streets or high-waies by choice , but by constraint . we come not with intent to meet in the streets or high-waies , but in our meeting-houses . but where we are shut out and kept out of our meeting-houses , we are necessitated to meet abroad . and yet there also we demean out selves peaceably and quietly , not offering violence or injury to any , nor coming with any intent so to do . and if any should apprehend , that our not departing immediately upon a constable's making proclamation , doth make our meetings riots , it may not be amiss for such to enquire , whether there be any statute in force , that doth impower constables , and other inferiour officers , to make such proclamation , and requires the persons assembled forthwith to depart thereupon . the act made in the first year of q. mary , c. 12 ( which appointed the making of proclamation in some cases of another nature , though not by a constable , so far as i observe ) being but a temporary act continued by q. eliz. ( in the first year of her reign , c. 16. ) to the end of the next parliament after her death is long since expired , or discontinued , as pulton , dalton and keeble declares . however if it were in force , it would not reach us or our meetings , which are not guilty of any of those offences , against which that act was made . lastly , i desire the reader to observe , that the difference between a riot , rout and unlawful assembly , is only in the execution or non-execution of that act , which , being done , makes a riot . in all things else they are alike , there must be the same number of persons to make an unlawful assembly , as to make a riot . there must be the same previous intent in the one as in the other ; the fact intended to be done in an unlawful assembly , must be of the same nature with that which is done in a riot , that is , it must be evil in it self and injurious to another , as well in the one as in the other . there must be vis armata , force and arms to the making of an unlawful assembly , as well as to the making of a riot . there must be breach of the peace to make an unlawful assembly , as well as to make a riot . there must be terrour to the people to make an unlawful assembly , as well as to make a riot . all the odds is , that if the persons so assembled , in such forcible manner , to the breach of the peace and terrour of the people , do not actually perform that unlawful act , which is evil in it self and injurious to the person , or possessions of another , but depart again without proceeding to do it , then it is only an unlawful assembly ; whereas if they indeed do it , then it is a riot . and a rout is a degree between both , when after the persons are so assembled , there is some progress made , they ride , go , or move forward , towards the execution of such unlawful and injurious act , and yet do not actually execute it . postscript . since i have undertaken to discourse of the nature of riots , and there is some mention in holy scripture of rioting , &c. it will not be amiss to shew what rioting is in scripture-sence also . the prodigal son ( in the parable , luke 15.13 , ) is said to have wasted his substance with riotous living [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] living profusely and dissolutely , as pasor explains it . the same word ( in the substantive ) is used , ephes. 5.18 . and rendred , excess ; which baeza expounds to be , omnis profusio , eaque summa cum turpitudine conjuncta ; all manner of profuseness , and that joyned with the greatest filthiness . it is used again , tit. 1.6 . where it is required that the children of such as were to be ordained elders , should be [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] not accused of riot , that is , of leading a dissolute and profuse life . the same word is used again , 1 pet. 4.4 . and very well explained by the verse foregoing . for the apostle having said ( verse 3. ) the time past of our lives may suffice us to have wrought the will of the gentiles , when we walked in lasciviousness , lusts , excess of wine , revellings , banquetings and abominable idolatries ; adds verse 4. ) wherein they ( the gentiles , who yet walked in such things ) think it strange , that you ran not with them to the same excess of riot , viz. to walk in lasciviousness , lusts , excess of wine , revellings , banquetings , &c. so that it is clear , that by riot here ( ver . 4. ) he means the lasciviousness , lusts , excess of wine , revellings , banquetings and abominable idolatries ( which he had newly mentioned verse 3. ) and which the christians , it seems , before conversion , having walked with the gentiles in , were now after their conversion to christianity , thought strangely of , and blasphemed but the gentiles , for not running on still in the same . these are of the places ( so far as i observe ) wherein 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is read in the new testament ; it signifies , saies leigh , two things : 1. excess in expences , opposite to frugality . 2. excess in delights ( whether it be in meats or drinks , or the like ) opposite unto temperance : and it signifieth these vices in an extremity . or ( as he gives it from another ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is , prodigality , is taken in a twofold sence : either properly , and then it signifies that vice , whereby any one keeps not his estate , wealth , or money ; bu● squanders it away lightly and uprofitably upon any thing , without any apparent advantage to himself or others . or improperly , and then it signifies luxury , by which we lavishly waste our estates upon our pleasures and lusts , upon playes . feasts , excess of apparel , &c. carmel . a lapide saies , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies , 1. surfeiting by too much eating and drinking , excess , lasciviousness . 2. luxury and lust. zanchy saies , it signifies riotous excess and profuseness joyn'd with the greatest villany . this , and more of this kind , see in leigh's crit. sacra . which sufficiently shews what kind of thing riot was in the apostles daies . mention also we have of rioting , in rom. 13.13 . let us ( saies the apostle ) walk honestly ( or decently , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) as in the day ; not in rioting and drunkenness , not in chambering and 〈◊〉 , not in strife and envying . rioting here may well be understood by its companions it is associated with , viz. drunkenness , chambering , wantonness , strife . the word here used for rioting is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which in gal. 5 , 21. and 1 pet. 4.3 . is rendred revelling . nor is it elsewhere used in the new testament , that i remember . in latin it is turned commessatio , which ( saies leigh ) signifies excess of belly-chear in riotous feasting . and , he saies , st. ambrose expounds it , luxurious feasting and banqueting , wherein ( saies he ) men take liberty to all lascivious and riotous 〈◊〉 ; crit. sacra . there is one place more in the new testament , where we read the word riot , and that is in 2 pet. 2.13 . where the apostle speaks of some , who counted it pleasure to riot in the day time . the greek word there used is [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] which signifies excess of pleasures and effeminating delicacies . it is used in the same sense , luke 7.25 . and iames 5.5 . in which last place it is joyned with a word that signifies to live wantonly . ( ye have lived in pleasure on the earth , and been wanton [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] ye have nourished your hearts , as in a day of slaughter ; ye have condemned and killed the iust , saith the apostle iames ) a word not elsewhere used in the new testament , save in 1 tim. 5.6 . where we read , she that liveth in pleasure [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] is dead while she liveth . these are the pleasures the apostle peter called riot . and this is all i remember to have read of riot and rioting in the new testament . in the old testament , i meet with it but twice , prov. 23.20 . be not among wine-bibbers ; amongst riotous eaters of flesh. chap. 28.7 . he that is a companion of riotous persons , shameth his father . in the margin , he that feedeth gluttons , &c. there is also a marginal reference to chap. 29.3 . where it is said , he that keepeth company with harlots spendeth his substance . in latin these texts are turned by hierom , pagnine , montanus , tremellius and iunius , by the words commessatio , commessator , and comedo ( an old obsolete word ) all signifying gluttonous gourmandizing , or inordinate eating and drinking , whereby men do riotously waste and consume their estates . let this suffice , without particular application , to shew what rioting and rioters are in scripture-sense . the end . books , printed and sold by thomas howkins , in george-yard in lombard-street , bookseller . no cross no crown , by william pen. 8 o price 2 s. midnight thoughts , being excellent meditations , and divine experiences , of an eminent person . 12 o price 1 s. 6 d. narrow path of divine truth described , or the sayings of matthew weyer . 12 o price 1 s. 6. d. caba●istical dialogues , in answer to the opinion of a learned doctor in philosophy and theology ; that the world was made of nothing . 4 o price 4 d. doctor everard's works . 8 o price 6 s. george fox's tythes , offerings and first-fruits . 4 o 1 d. — cause why adam and eve , were driven out of paradise ; and the iews out of their own land of canaan . 4 o 1 d. — trying of spirits in our age now , as in the apostles daies , by the spirit of christ anointing within . 4 o 2 d. — a word of admonition , to all such as wander . 4 o 1 d. ½ iohn t●soe's answer to iohn ayns●e . 4 o 1 d. thomas ellwood's caution to constables . 4 o 1 d. ½ — a seasonable diswasive from persecution mathers manuel , with addition , in the press school-books of all sorts , bibles of all sorts , stationary wares . viz. paper , paper-books , iournals and ledgers , wax , wafers , blank bonds of various sorts . 