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         Davenant, Charles, 1656-1714.
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
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             An essay on the East-India-trade by the author of The essay upon wayes and means.
             Davenant, Charles, 1656-1714.
          
           5-62 p. [i.e. 60]
           
             [s.n.],
             London :
             1696.
          
           
             Attributed to Charles Davenant. Cf. BLC.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           East India Company.
           Textile industry -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Trading companies -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- Commercial policy -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           AN
           ESSAY
           ON
           THE
           East-India-Trade
           .
        
         
           BY
           THE
           AUTHOR
           OF
           
             The
             Essay
             upon
             Wayes
             and
             Means
             .
          
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           Anno
           ,
           M
           DC
           XC
           VI.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Most
           Honourable
           ,
           JOHN
           ,
           Lord
           Marquis
           of
           Normanby
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             AN
             ESSAY
             ON
             THE
             East-India
             TRADE
             .
          
           
             
               My
               LORD
               ,
            
          
           
             YOUR
             Lordship
             was
             pleased
             ,
             the
             other
             Day
             ,
             to
             intimate
             ,
             That
             You
             would
             willingly
             know
             my
             Opinion
             in
             General
             of
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             ;
             Whether
             it
             is
             Hurtful
             ,
             or
             Beneficial
             to
             this
             Nation
             ?
             
             And
             my
             Thoughts
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Bill
             ,
             for
             Prohibiting
             the
             Wearing
             all
             East-India
             and
             Persia
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Bengalls
             ,
             and
             Dy'd
             ,
             Printed
             ,
             or
             Stain'd
             Callicoes
             .
             What
             has
             occurr'd
             to
             my
             Observation
             in
             these
             Two
             Points
             ,
             I
             shall
             Offer
             with
             great
             Sincerity
             ,
             having
             no
             Interest
             ,
             or
             Engagement
             ,
             to
             sway
             me
             ,
             in
             the
             Questions
             ,
             one
             way
             ,
             or
             other
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             before
             I
             begin
             ,
             I
             must
             beg
             leave
             to
             say
             ,
             I
             am
             very
             glad
             to
             see
             Your
             Lordship
             bend
             Your
             Excellent
             Wit
             ,
             and
             Right
             Understanding
             ,
             to
             Inquiries
             of
             this
             Nature
             .
          
           
             For
             nothing
             can
             be
             more
             Important
             to
             a
             Noble
             Man
             ,
             than
             A
             True
             Knowledge
             of
             the
             Manufactures
             ,
             Trade
             ,
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Strength
             of
             his
             Country
             :
             Nor
             ,
             can
             Your
             Eloquence
             be
             any
             way
             more
             Usefully
             employ'd
             ,
             than
             in
             Discoursing
             Skilfully
             upon
             this
             Subject
             ,
             in
             that
             Great
             Assembly
             of
             which
             You
             are
             so
             much
             an
             Ornament
             .
          
           
             Richlieu
             has
             left
             behind
             Him
             an
             Evidence
             how
             much
             He
             made
             these
             Matters
             His
             Care
             and
             Study
             :
             Which
             ,
             however
             Neglected
             by
             the
             Ministers
             of
             the
             Present
             Age
             ,
             are
             notwithstanding
             the
             only
             Foundation
             of
             a
             Solid
             and
             Lasting
             Greatness
             .
          
           
             For
             who
             can
             give
             a
             Prince
             sound
             Advice
             ,
             and
             under
             Him
             steer
             the
             People
             Rightly
             and
             Well
             ,
             either
             in
             Peace
             ,
             or
             in
             War
             ,
             that
             
             is
             Ignorant
             of
             the
             Posture
             ,
             Condition
             ,
             and
             Interest
             of
             the
             Country
             where
             he
             lives
             ?
             Is
             there
             any
             thing
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             should
             be
             more
             thought
             a
             Matter
             of
             State
             than
             Trade
             ,
             especially
             in
             an
             Island
             ,
             and
             should
             not
             that
             which
             is
             the
             Common
             Concern
             of
             All
             ,
             be
             the
             Principal
             Care
             of
             such
             as
             Govern
             ?
          
           
             Can
             a
             Nation
             be
             Safe
             without
             Strength
             ?
             And
             is
             Power
             to
             be
             Compass'd
             and
             Secur'd
             but
             by
             Riches
             ?
             And
             can
             a
             Country
             become
             Rich
             any
             way
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             Help
             of
             a
             well
             Managed
             and
             Extended
             Traffick
             ?
          
           
             What
             has
             enabled
             England
             to
             Support
             this
             Expensive
             War
             so
             long
             ,
             but
             the
             great
             Wealth
             which
             for
             Thirty
             Years
             ,
             has
             been
             flowing
             into
             us
             from
             Our
             Commerce
             Abroad
             ?
          
           
             The
             Soil
             of
             no
             Country
             is
             Rich
             enough
             to
             attain
             a
             great
             Mass
             of
             Wealth
             ,
             meerly
             by
             the
             Exchange
             and
             Exportation
             of
             its
             Own
             Natural
             Product
             .
          
           
             The
             Staple
             Commodities
             that
             England
             Exports
             ,
             are
             the
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             Hides
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             Corn.
             
          
           
             But
             ,
             considering
             Our
             Luxury
             ,
             and
             our
             great
             Expence
             of
             Foreign
             Wares
             here
             at
             Home
             ,
             we
             could
             not
             have
             grown
             Rich
             ,
             without
             Other
             Dealings
             in
             the
             World.
             
          
           
           
             For
             set
             our
             Own
             Exported
             Product
             in
             the
             Ballance
             with
             the
             Imported
             Product
             from
             
               France
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               Germany
               ,
            
             and
             the
             two
             Northern
             Kingdoms
             ;
             At
             the
             Foot
             of
             the
             Accompt
             it
             will
             be
             found
             ,
             that
             ,
             but
             a
             fourth
             part
             of
             Our
             Riches
             ,
             arises
             from
             the
             vent
             of
             Our
             own
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Whoever
             looks
             Strictly
             and
             Nicely
             into
             Our
             Affairs
             ,
             will
             find
             ,
             that
             the
             Wealth
             England
             had
             once
             ,
             did
             arise
             chiefly
             from
             Two
             Articles
             :
             First
             ,
             Our
             Plantation
             Trade
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             Our
             East-India
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             The
             Plantation
             Trade
             gives
             Employment
             to
             many
             Thousand
             Artificers
             here
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             takes
             off
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             our
             Inferiour
             Manufactures
             ,
             The
             Returns
             of
             all
             which
             are
             made
             in
             Tobacco
             ,
             Cotton
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             Sugars
             ,
             Indico
             ,
             &c.
             by
             which
             we
             were
             not
             onely
             supply'd
             for
             Our
             Own
             Consumption
             ,
             but
             we
             had
             formerly
             wherewithal
             to
             send
             to
             
               France
               ,
               Flanders
               ,
               Hamborough
            
             ,
             the
             East-Countrey
             and
             Holland
             for
             500,000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             besides
             what
             we
             Ship'd
             for
             Spain
             and
             the
             Streights
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Since
             we
             were
             Supplanted
             in
             the
             Spice
             Trade
             by
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             and
             since
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Pepper
             Trade
             is
             gone
             by
             the
             Loss
             of
             Bantam
             ,
             Our
             Chief
             Investments
             ,
             or
             Importations
             from
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             have
             been
             in
             Callicoes
             ,
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Drugs
             ,
             Salt-Petre
             ,
             
             Raw
             Silk
             ,
             Cottons
             ,
             and
             Cotton
             Yarn
             ,
             Goats
             Wooll
             ,
             or
             Carmania
             Wooll
             ,
             and
             other
             Products
             of
             those
             Countries
             .
             Part
             of
             which
             Commodities
             are
             for
             our
             own
             Use
             ,
             but
             a
             much
             greater
             part
             in
             times
             of
             Peace
             were
             bought
             up
             here
             for
             the
             Consumption
             of
             
               France
               ,
               Germany
               ,
               Holland
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Italy
            
             and
             Our
             Plantations
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             by
             the
             Means
             of
             our
             East
             and
             West-India
             Trade
             ,
             though
             we
             might
             lose
             by
             our
             dealings
             to
             some
             Parts
             ,
             yet
             We
             were
             Gainers
             by
             the
             whole
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             General
             Ballance
             .
          
           
             The
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             &c.
             are
             indeed
             the
             Basis
             of
             all
             Our
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             the
             first
             Spring
             of
             our
             dealings
             Abroad
             ,
             But
             if
             by
             Carelesness
             or
             False
             Measures
             ,
             we
             should
             come
             to
             be
             confin'd
             onely
             to
             deal
             in
             Our
             own
             Product
             ,
             we
             must
             think
             no
             longer
             to
             preserve
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             As
             Bread
             is
             call'd
             the
             Staff
             of
             Life
             ,
             so
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             is
             truly
             the
             Principal
             Nourishment
             of
             Our
             Body
             Politick
             ▪
             And
             as
             a
             Man
             might
             possibly
             live
             onely
             upon
             Bread
             ,
             yet
             his
             Life
             would
             be
             ill
             Sustain'd
             ,
             Feeble
             ,
             and
             Unpleasant
             ;
             So
             though
             England
             could
             probably
             subsist
             barely
             upon
             the
             Exportation
             of
             its
             own
             Product
             ,
             yet
             to
             enjoy
             a
             more
             florid
             Health
             ,
             to
             be
             Rich
             ,
             Powerful
             ,
             
             and
             Strong
             ,
             we
             must
             have
             a
             more
             extended
             Traffick
             than
             Our
             Native
             Commodities
             can
             afford
             us
             .
          
           
             The
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             is
             undoubtedly
             by
             Laws
             ,
             and
             all
             possible
             Care
             ,
             to
             be
             Encouraged
             ;
             but
             't
             is
             its
             Exportation
             Abroad
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             Consumption
             of
             it
             at
             Home
             ,
             that
             must
             bring
             Profit
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             Some
             of
             Our
             Gentry
             have
             been
             for
             many
             Years
             of
             Opinion
             ,
             That
             the
             Intire
             Welfare
             of
             England
             depends
             upon
             the
             High
             Price
             of
             Wooll
             ,
             as
             thinking
             thereby
             to
             Advance
             their
             Rents
             ,
             but
             this
             proceeds
             from
             the
             Narrow
             Mind
             ,
             and
             Short
             View
             of
             such
             ,
             who
             have
             all
             along
             more
             regarded
             the
             Private
             Interest
             of
             Land
             ,
             than
             the
             Concerns
             of
             Trade
             ,
             which
             are
             full
             as
             Important
             ,
             and
             without
             which
             ,
             Land
             will
             soon
             be
             of
             little
             Value
             .
          
           
             Men
             in
             their
             Private
             Capacities
             may
             be
             allowed
             to
             prefer
             their
             Single
             Profit
             ,
             but
             should
             Consult
             only
             the
             General
             Good
             in
             Public
             Councils
             .
          
           
             In
             a
             Trading
             Nation
             ,
             the
             Bent
             of
             all
             the
             Laws
             should
             tend
             to
             the
             Encouragement
             of
             Commerce
             ,
             and
             all
             Measures
             should
             be
             there
             taken
             ,
             with
             a
             due
             regard
             to
             its
             Interest
             and
             Advancement
             .
          
           
           
             Instead
             of
             this
             ,
             in
             many
             Particulars
             ,
             our
             former
             Laws
             bring
             Incumbrance
             and
             Difficulties
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             some
             seem
             Calculated
             for
             its
             utter
             Ruine
             ;
             so
             little
             has
             it
             been
             of
             late
             Years
             the
             Common
             Care.
             
          
           
             And
             yet
             't
             will
             be
             found
             at
             last
             ,
             when
             all
             Things
             come
             to
             be
             Rightly
             Consider'd
             ,
             that
             no
             Plenty
             at
             Home
             ,
             Victory
             Abroad
             ▪
             Affection
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             nor
             no
             Conduct
             ,
             or
             Wisdom
             ,
             in
             other
             things
             ,
             can
             give
             the
             Public
             effectual
             help
             ,
             till
             we
             can
             mend
             the
             Condition
             and
             Posture
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             In
             Our
             Great
             Assemblies
             ,
             it
             has
             never
             been
             sufficiently
             thought
             a
             Matter
             of
             State
             ,
             but
             Managed
             ,
             rather
             as
             a
             Conveniency
             ,
             or
             an
             Accidental
             Ornament
             ,
             than
             the
             chief
             Strength
             and
             Support
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             it
             has
             never
             been
             greatly
             the
             Care
             of
             Our
             Ministers
             of
             State
             ,
             so
             it
             has
             not
             been
             enough
             the
             Study
             of
             Our
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             ,
             Who
             ,
             (
             give
             me
             leave
             to
             say
             )
             for
             want
             of
             a
             Right
             Knowledge
             in
             the
             General
             Notions
             of
             it
             ,
             have
             been
             frequently
             Imposed
             upon
             ,
             by
             Particular
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             other
             Interested
             Persons
             ,
             to
             Enact
             Laws
             so
             much
             to
             the
             Prejudice
             of
             Trade
             in
             General
             .
          
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
             I
             shall
             be
             very
             free
             to
             Communicate
             the
             few
             Lights
             I
             have
             gather'd
             
             from
             Observation
             ,
             and
             Inquiry
             into
             these
             Matters
             ,
             and
             shall
             be
             very
             glad
             if
             my
             Endeavours
             can
             give
             Your
             Lordship
             any
             hints
             ,
             which
             I
             am
             certain
             will
             be
             improv'd
             ,
             by
             Your
             deep
             Judgment
             ,
             and
             Understanding
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             I
             am
             clearly
             convinc'd
             in
             General
             ,
             that
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             is
             greatly
             Beneficial
             to
             England
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             I
             am
             of
             Opinion
             (
             with
             Submission
             to
             better
             Judgments
             )
             that
             the
             Bill
             now
             propos'd
             to
             Prohibit
             the
             wearing
             East-India
             and
             Persia
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Bengals
             ,
             &c.
             will
             be
             absolutely
             distructive
             to
             the
             Trade
             ,
             and
             very
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             Which
             two
             Points
             shall
             be
             impartially
             handled
             in
             the
             Sequel
             of
             this
             Discourse
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             in
             General
             ;
             If
             all
             Europe
             by
             common
             Consent
             would
             agree
             to
             have
             no
             further
             dealings
             to
             those
             Parts
             ,
             This
             side
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             by
             such
             a
             Resolution
             ,
             would
             certainly
             save
             a
             great
             and
             Continual
             Expence
             of
             Treasure
             .
          
           
             For
             Europe
             draws
             from
             thence
             nothing
             of
             Solid
             Use
             ;
             Materials
             to
             supply
             Luxury
             ,
             and
             onely
             ,
             perishable
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             sends
             thither
             ,
             Gold
             ,
             and
             Silver
             ,
             which
             is
             there
             bury'd
             and
             never
             returns
             .
          
           
           
             I
             have
             good
             Grounds
             to
             think
             That
             the
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             brought
             from
             America
             ,
             the
             Gold
             Dust
             brought
             from
             Africk
             ,
             and
             the
             Silver
             produc'd
             from
             the
             European
             Mines
             ,
             in
             the
             Two
             Hundred
             Years
             last
             past
             ,
             has
             not
             amounted
             to
             less
             ,
             in
             the
             whole
             ,
             than
             Eight
             Hundred
             Millions
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             no
             appearance
             of
             this
             immense
             Sum
             in
             any
             Country
             of
             Europe
             .
             'T
             is
             true
             indeed
             ,
             there
             is
             Yearly
             a
             great
             Consumption
             of
             these
             Metals
             ,
             By
             the
             wear
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Coin
             ,
             waste
             in
             Coinage
             ,
             waste
             in
             working
             Plate
             ,
             The
             wear
             of
             wrought
             Plate
             ,
             The
             wear
             of
             things
             made
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Thread
             ,
             and
             Wire
             (
             a
             high
             Article
             )
             ,
             Leaf
             and
             Shell
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             Liquid
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
             There
             is
             also
             much
             lost
             in
             Casualties
             by
             Sea
             ,
             Fires
             ,
             and
             Inundations
             ,
             and
             by
             being
             privately
             bury'd
             and
             never
             found
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             having
             computed
             what
             may
             be
             allow'd
             for
             the
             Yearly
             Consumption
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             on
             all
             the
             foregoing
             Heads
             ,
             and
             what
             quantity
             of
             those
             Metals
             may
             be
             now
             remaining
             in
             Europe
             ,
             I
             cannot
             find
             what
             is
             become
             of
             the
             Eight
             Hundred
             Millions
             dug
             out
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             unless
             a
             Hundred
             and
             Fifty
             Millions
             of
             it
             ,
             be
             carry'd
             away
             and
             Sunk
             in
             the
             East-Indies
             .
          
           
           
             From
             whence
             I
             have
             reason
             to
             conclude
             ,
             That
             the
             European
             Nations
             in
             General
             ,
             had
             been
             Richer
             by
             a
             full
             Third
             ,
             than
             they
             now
             are
             ,
             if
             that
             Trade
             had
             never
             been
             discover'd
             and
             undertaken
             .
          
           
             But
             since
             Europe
             has
             tasted
             of
             this
             Luxury
             ,
             Since
             the
             Custom
             of
             a
             Hundred
             Years
             ,
             has
             made
             their
             Spices
             necessary
             to
             the
             Constitutions
             of
             all
             Degrees
             of
             People
             ,
             Since
             their
             Silks
             are
             pleasing
             every
             where
             to
             the
             better
             Sort
             ,
             And
             since
             their
             Callicoes
             are
             a
             useful
             wear
             at
             Home
             ,
             and
             in
             our
             own
             Plantations
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             Spaniards
             in
             America
             ,
             It
             can
             never
             be
             adviseable
             for
             England
             to
             quit
             this
             Trade
             ,
             and
             leave
             it
             to
             any
             other
             Nation
             .
          
           
             The
             Burthen
             which
             this
             Commerce
             lays
             upon
             the
             Collective
             Body
             of
             Europe
             ,
             does
             bear
             hard
             only
             upon
             those
             Countries
             which
             Consume
             the
             Indian
             Commodities
             ,
             without
             having
             any
             Share
             of
             the
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             therefore
             France
             did
             about
             Twelve
             Years
             ago
             very
             wisely
             prohibit
             the
             wearing
             Callicoes
             ,
             that
             were
             not
             of
             their
             own
             Importation
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             and
             Dutch
             ,
             which
             together
             are
             not
             a
             Tenth
             part
             of
             Europe
             ,
             enjoy
             this
             Traffick
             almost
             without
             any
             Rivalship
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             be
             a
             Burthen
             ,
             it
             lyes
             not
             upon
             the
             one
             ,
             but
             on
             the
             other
             Nine
             parts
             ,
             So
             that
             
             if
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             carry
             out
             the
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             from
             this
             side
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             't
             is
             truly
             ,
             and
             properly
             ,
             at
             the
             Cost
             ,
             and
             Expence
             ,
             of
             
               France
               ,
               Germany
               ,
               Spain
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Northern
             Kingdoms
             ,
             who
             have
             little
             ,
             or
             no
             Opportunities
             of
             Trading
             thither
             .
          
           
             To
             imagine
             all
             Europe
             will
             come
             to
             an
             Agreement
             of
             Dealing
             no
             more
             to
             those
             Parts
             ,
             is
             an
             absurd
             and
             wild
             Notion
             ;
             Since
             therefore
             the
             Western
             Nations
             are
             contented
             to
             be
             deceiv'd
             ,
             and
             for
             a
             Hundred
             Years
             have
             been
             accustom'd
             to
             bear
             this
             deceit
             ,
             't
             would
             be
             Egregious
             Folly
             in
             us
             ,
             to
             quit
             this
             Advantage
             ,
             and
             leave
             it
             intirely
             to
             the
             Hollanders
             .
          
           
             By
             the
             best
             account
             I
             can
             have
             ,
             and
             from
             Impartial
             Hands
             ,
             England
             before
             the
             War
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             one
             Year
             with
             another
             has
             Exported
             for
             this
             Traffick
             ,
             either
             in
             Bullion
             ,
             or
             our
             Manufactures
             (
             of
             which
             the
             Manufactures
             might
             be
             near
             an
             Eighth
             part
             )
             about
             
               per
               Annum
            
             —
             400,000
             l.
             
          
           
             Suppose
             we
             Consume
             at
             home
             the
             Returns
             of
             —
             200,000
          
           
             But
             ,
             by
             the
             way
             ,
             I
             must
             take
             Notice
             here
             ,
             that
             the
             Company
             ,
             of
             late
             Years
             ,
             have
             carry'd
             out
             the
             value
             of
             100,000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             in
             our
             home
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Company
             Export
             to
             other
             Nations
             the
             Returns
             of
             the
             other
             Two
             Hundred
             
             Thousand
             Pounds
             (
             which
             I
             may
             safely
             affirm
             they
             did
             ,
             and
             will
             do
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             )
             England
             must
             certainly
             be
             a
             great
             Gainer
             by
             this
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             For
             no
             one
             vers'd
             in
             Merchandize
             will
             deny
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Returns
             from
             India
             of
             200,000
             l.
             when
             Exported
             to
             other
             Countries
             must
             Increase
             the
             first
             Sum
             at
             least
             Four-fold
             ,
             and
             produce
             800,000
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             the
             Accompt
             of
             England
             with
             the
             Indies
             ,
             and
             the
             European
             Nations
             ,
             may
             be
             thus
             Ballanc'd
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   The
                   Returns
                   Exported
                   yeild
                   
                     per
                     Annum
                  
                   —
                
                 
                   800,000
                   l.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Returns
                   Consum'd
                   at
                   home
                   are
                   to
                   the
                   Nation
                   —
                
                 
                   200,000
                
              
               
                 
                   Total
                   —
                
                 
                   1,000,000
                
              
            
          
           
             
               
                 
                   Deduct
                   for
                   the
                   prime
                   Cost
                   of
                   Bullion
                   or
                   Manufactures
                   Exported
                   —
                
                 
                   400,000
                
              
               
                 
                   England
                   Net
                   Gainer
                   by
                   this
                   Traffick
                   —
                
                 
                   600,000
                
              
            
          
           
             Nothing
             can
             be
             a
             Clearer
             Gain
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             than
             the
             Returns
             of
             the
             200,000
             l.
             consum'd
             at
             home
             ;
             because
             treble
             that
             Sum
             ,
             would
             otherwise
             be
             carry'd
             out
             for
             
             Foreign
             Silks
             and
             Linnen
             ,
             which
             is
             hindred
             by
             the
             Importation
             of
             East-India
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             The
             Inspection
             I
             have
             made
             upon
             other
             Occasions
             ,
             into
             the
             general
             State
             and
             Condition
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             has
             led
             me
             upon
             very
             good
             Grounds
             to
             think
             ,
             that
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             did
             annually
             add
             to
             the
             gross
             Stock
             of
             England
             at
             least
             600,000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             in
             times
             of
             Peace
             .
          
           
             For
             I
             have
             many
             Cogent
             ▪
             Reasons
             inducing
             Me
             to
             believe
             ,
             That
             from
             about
             Anno
             1656.
             to
             Anno
             1688.
             this
             Nation
             has
             every
             Year
             gradually
             increas'd
             in
             Riches
             ;
             By
             what
             degrees
             ,
             is
             needless
             here
             to
             incert
             ,
             but
             upon
             mature
             Consideration
             ,
             I
             may
             safely
             state
             ,
             that
             about
             Anno
             1688.
             the
             Increase
             or
             Addition
             to
             the
             Wealth
             and
             General
             Stock
             of
             England
             ,
             arising
             from
             Foreign
             Trade
             ,
             and
             home
             Manufactures
             ,
             was
             at
             least
             Two
             Millions
             yearly
             .
          
           
             And
             after
             much
             Thought
             ,
             and
             Study
             on
             this
             Subject
             ,
             and
             by
             consulting
             Others
             vers'd
             in
             Speculations
             of
             the
             like
             Nature
             ,
             I
             find
             that
             this
             Increase
             to
             the
             Nations
             General
             Stock
             ,
             did
             probably
             arise
             from
             the
             Three
             following
             Articles
             ,
             Viz.
             
          
           
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   From
                   Our
                   Manufactures
                   and
                   Home
                   Product
                   ,
                   sent
                   to
                   the
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   the
                   Returnes
                   thereof
                   ,
                   Exported
                   to
                   Foreign
                   Parts
                
                 
                   900,000
                
              
               
                 
                   From
                   our
                   Woollen
                   Manufacture
                   ,
                   Lead
                   ,
                   Tin
                   ,
                   Leather
                   ,
                   and
                   Our
                   other
                   Native
                   Product
                   ,
                   sent
                   to
                   
                     France
                     ,
                     Spain
                     ,
                     Italy
                     ,
                     Germany
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   —
                
                 
                   500,000
                
              
               
                 
                   From
                   the
                   Net
                   Profit
                   accruing
                   by
                   the
                   East-India
                   Trade
                   —
                
                 
                   600,000
                
              
               
                 
                   Total
                   —
                
                 
                   2,000,000
                
              
            
          
           
             If
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             did
             in
             Peaceful
             Times
             ,
             bring
             so
             great
             an
             Increase
             to
             the
             Annual
             Income
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             (
             and
             I
             think
             the
             contrary
             is
             capable
             of
             no
             clear
             Demonstration
             )
             the
             Legislative
             Power
             ought
             to
             proceed
             with
             much
             Caution
             ,
             in
             any
             matter
             relating
             to
             it
             .
          
           
             Whatever
             Country
             can
             be
             in
             the
             full
             and
             undisputed
             Possession
             of
             it
             ,
             will
             give
             Law
             to
             all
             the
             Commercial
             World.
             
          
           
             Should
             we
             quit
             the
             Hold
             we
             have
             in
             India
             ,
             and
             abandon
             the
             Traffick
             ,
             Our
             Neighbours
             the
             Dutch
             will
             undoubtedly
             engross
             the
             whole
             :
             And
             if
             to
             their
             Naval
             Strength
             in
             Europe
             ,
             such
             a
             Foreign
             Strength
             
             and
             Wealth
             be
             added
             ,
             England
             must
             hereafter
             be
             contented
             to
             Trade
             by
             their
             Protection
             ,
             and
             under
             their
             Banners
             .
          
           
             As
             War
             does
             vary
             all
             the
             Circumstances
             of
             Trade
             ,
             alter
             its
             Channel
             ,
             give
             it
             to
             one
             People
             ,
             and
             take
             it
             from
             another
             ,
             So
             in
             seasons
             of
             War
             ,
             't
             is
             by
             no
             means
             proper
             ,
             nor
             adviseable
             ,
             to
             embrace
             New
             Councils
             in
             relation
             to
             it
             :
             Nor
             can
             we
             then
             take
             any
             True
             Measures
             ,
             or
             make
             any
             Right
             ,
             and
             Sound
             Judgment
             about
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             Scarcity
             of
             Money
             in
             a
             long
             War
             ,
             makes
             any
             Exportation
             of
             Bullion
             thought
             a
             great
             Gr●evance
             ;
             of
             which
             ,
             in
             Quiet
             Times
             ,
             we
             should
             not
             be
             sensible
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             same
             manner
             ,
             the
             Interruption
             of
             any
             Manufacture
             ,
             though
             never
             so
             Prejudicial
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             is
             grievous
             in
             a
             Time
             of
             War
             ,
             when
             Business
             is
             scarce
             ,
             and
             Trading
             dull
             ,
             But
             in
             a
             Time
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             full
             Employment
             ,
             these
             Hands
             can
             shift
             from
             one
             Work
             ,
             to
             another
             ,
             without
             any
             great
             Prejudice
             to
             themselves
             ,
             or
             the
             Public
             .
          
           
             There
             having
             been
             for
             Three
             Years
             last
             past
             ,
             a
             great
             want
             of
             East-India
             Goods
             ,
             and
             there
             happening
             of
             late
             a
             great
             Call
             for
             the
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             indeed
             for
             all
             the
             Product
             of
             England
             ,
             some
             unthinking
             Persons
             ,
             grew
             presently
             to
             imagine
             that
             the
             want
             of
             East-India
             Goods
             (
             and
             no
             other
             
             Reason
             )
             had
             brought
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             into
             Request
             ,
             and
             increased
             its
             Consumption
             ,
             from
             whence
             very
             many
             have
             began
             to
             argue
             ,
             and
             infer
             ,
             That
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             is
             ,
             and
             alwayes
             was
             ,
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             sudden
             Call
             which
             was
             then
             for
             all
             kind
             of
             English
             Commodities
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             viz.
             Lead
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Leather
             ,
             Butter
             ,
             Cheese
             ,
             Tallow
             ,
             &c.
             did
             not
             proceed
             from
             the
             want
             of
             East-India
             Goods
             ,
             but
             indeed
             from
             the
             Posture
             of
             the
             Exchange
             Abroad
             ,
             the
             Ill
             Condition
             of
             our
             Silver
             Coyn
             ,
             and
             the
             High
             Price
             Guineas
             were
             brought
             to
             :
             For
             we
             plainly
             see
             this
             great
             Demand
             ,
             both
             Abroad
             ,
             and
             at
             Home
             ,
             for
             our
             Goods
             does
             cease
             ,
             now
             Guineas
             are
             lower'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Coyn
             is
             alter'd
             .
          
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
             It
             has
             been
             too
             often
             the
             Fault
             of
             English
             Councils
             ,
             to
             determine
             Rashly
             of
             the
             most
             Important
             Matters
             ▪
          
           
             And
             (
             with
             Submission
             to
             better
             Judgments
             )
             I
             doubt
             it
             may
             be
             of
             very
             dangerous
             Consequence
             at
             this
             Time
             ,
             to
             meddle
             with
             ,
             or
             give
             any
             Disturbance
             to
             a
             Settled
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             The
             Concern
             of
             Wooll
             is
             ,
             without
             doubt
             ,
             to
             be
             taken
             care
             of
             ,
             but
             not
             so
             as
             upon
             that
             
             account
             to
             slight
             all
             our
             Foreign
             Interest
             .
          
           
             The
             East-India
             Company
             has
             been
             for
             a
             long
             time
             look'd
             upon
             with
             an
             Evil
             Eye
             ,
             by
             some
             People
             ,
             because
             there
             has
             formerly
             been
             Ill
             Management
             in
             their
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             for
             that
             some
             of
             their
             Goods
             were
             thought
             to
             hinder
             the
             Consumption
             of
             our
             own
             Manufactures
             ;
             and
             because
             it
             was
             seen
             what
             Silver
             they
             really
             carried
             out
             ,
             and
             not
             enough
             Consider'd
             what
             Bullion
             their
             Effects
             brought
             hither
             in
             Return
             .
          
           
             Some
             Persons
             (
             without
             Doors
             )
             either
             Bribed
             by
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             or
             to
             flatter
             that
             Interest
             ,
             profess
             themselves
             Open
             Enemies
             to
             the
             Traffick
             in
             General
             ;
             Others
             through
             Inadvertency
             ,
             and
             for
             want
             of
             Examining
             the
             bottom
             of
             Things
             ,
             give
             into
             their
             Notions
             ;
             and
             others
             joyn
             with
             them
             out
             of
             Immoderate
             Zeal
             to
             promote
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             :
             So
             that
             any
             discerning
             Man
             may
             see
             ,
             that
             the
             utter
             Ruin
             of
             this
             Trade
             ,
             and
             its
             intire
             Loss
             to
             England
             will
             be
             compassed
             ,
             unless
             the
             King
             ,
             assisted
             by
             the
             Legislative
             Power
             ,
             out
             of
             His
             Fatherly
             Love
             to
             His
             People
             ,
             interpose
             ,
             with
             His
             Wisdom
             ,
             in
             the
             matter
             .
          
           
             One
             of
             the
             principal
             Dangers
             now
             ,
             of
             taking
             New
             Councils
             about
             it
             ,
             is
             ,
             That
             in
             a
             time
             of
             War
             ,
             if
             by
             any
             false
             Steps
             and
             Measures
             ,
             we
             should
             lose
             Ground
             in
             India
             ,
             
             neither
             our
             Condition
             ,
             nor
             the
             Nature
             of
             our
             Present
             Alliance
             with
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             will
             permit
             us
             to
             assert
             our
             Right
             in
             those
             Parts
             by
             Force
             of
             Arms.
             
          
           
             And
             if
             we
             should
             come
             so
             to
             lose
             our
             Hold
             in
             India
             ,
             as
             not
             to
             Trade
             thither
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             but
             weakly
             and
             precariously
             ,
             I
             will
             venture
             to
             affirm
             (
             and
             I
             hope
             Your
             Lordship
             will
             remember
             hereafter
             this
             Prediction
             of
             mine
             )
             that
             England
             will
             thereby
             lose
             half
             its
             Foreign
             Business
             .
          
           
             For
             all
             Trades
             have
             a
             Mutual
             Dependance
             one
             upon
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             one
             begets
             another
             ,
             and
             the
             loss
             of
             one
             ,
             frequently
             loses
             half
             the
             rest
             .
             By
             carrying
             to
             other
             Places
             the
             Commodities
             brought
             from
             India
             ,
             We
             every
             where
             inlarg'd
             our
             Commerce
             ,
             and
             brought
             Home
             a
             great
             over-ballance
             ,
             either
             in
             Foreign
             Goods
             ,
             or
             in
             Bullion
             .
             In
             Holland
             we
             Exchanged
             our
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Callicoes
             ,
             &c.
             for
             their
             Spices
             :
             By
             Indian
             Goods
             ,
             we
             could
             Purchase
             at
             a
             better
             Rate
             ,
             in
             Germany
             ,
             the
             Linnens
             of
             
               Silesia
               ,
               Saxony
            
             ,
             and
             Bohemia
             .
             In
             times
             of
             Peace
             we
             did
             ,
             and
             may
             again
             Traffick
             with
             France
             ,
             for
             our
             India
             Goods
             against
             the
             things
             of
             Luxury
             ,
             which
             will
             alwayes
             be
             brought
             from
             thence
             ;
             and
             thereby
             we
             may
             bring
             the
             Ballance
             more
             of
             our
             side
             ,
             between
             us
             and
             that
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
           
             And
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             there
             being
             a
             Peace
             now
             in
             agitation
             between
             Us
             and
             France
             ,
             the
             Wisdom
             of
             the
             State
             perhaps
             may
             think
             fit
             to
             insist
             ,
             as
             an
             Article
             ,
             that
             the
             Prohibition
             of
             our
             East-India
             Goods
             may
             be
             taken
             off
             in
             France
             ,
             and
             if
             that
             can
             be
             obtain'd
             ,
             it
             will
             put
             the
             Trade
             of
             England
             with
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             upon
             much
             a
             more
             equal
             Foot.
             
          
           
             As
             to
             Spain
             ,
             and
             the
             Streights
             ,
             and
             Parts
             within
             the
             Streights
             ,
             &c.
             't
             is
             apparent
             that
             a
             large
             Share
             of
             the
             Bullion
             return'd
             hither
             ,
             from
             thence
             ,
             did
             proceed
             from
             the
             Sale
             there
             ,
             of
             Callicoes
             ,
             Pepper
             ,
             and
             other
             East-India
             Goods
             consum'd
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             and
             also
             bought
             up
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             for
             their
             own
             ,
             and
             the
             Consumption
             of
             their
             Plantations
             in
             America
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             hop'd
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             the
             foregoing
             Arguments
             have
             sufficiently
             prov'd
             ,
             That
             this
             Traffick
             in
             General
             is
             beneficial
             to
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             now
             proceed
             to
             deliver
             my
             Opinion
             concerning
             the
             Bill
             for
             Prohibiting
             the
             Wearing
             all
             East-India
             and
             Persia
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Bengals
             ,
             and
             Dyed
             ,
             Printed
             ,
             or
             Stained
             Callicoes
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             Second
             Point
             I
             propos'd
             to
             handle
             .
          
           
           
             They
             who
             promote
             this
             Bill
             do
             it
             ,
             as
             is
             presum'd
             ,
             upon
             the
             following
             Grounds
             ,
             and
             Reasons
             .
          
           
             
               First
               ,
               They
               believe
               such
               a
               Prohibition
               will
               advance
               the
               Consumption
               of
               Wooll
               ,
               and
               the
               Woollen
               Manufactures
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               They
               think
               it
               will
               advance
               the
               Silk
               and
               Linnen
               Manufactures
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               They
               Imagin
               such
               a
               Prohibition
               may
               be
               made
               by
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               without
               Ruin
               to
               the
               Traffick
               in
               General
               .
            
          
           
             These
             Three
             Points
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             I
             shall
             Endeavour
             to
             Examine
             and
             State
             fairly
             before
             Your
             Lordship
             :
             And
             I
             shall
             discourse
             of
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             First
             ,
             as
             it
             has
             Relation
             to
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             .
             Secondly
             as
             it
             has
             Relation
             to
             the
             Silk
             and
             Linnen
             Manufactures
             .
             And
             Thirdly
             ,
             I
             shall
             show
             how
             this
             Prohibition
             will
             affect
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             in
             General
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             And
             First
             as
             to
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             .
          
           
             TRade
             is
             the
             General
             Concern
             of
             this
             Nation
             ,
             but
             every
             distinct
             Trade
             has
             a
             distinct
             Interest
             .
             The
             Wisdom
             of
             the
             Legislative
             Power
             consists
             ,
             in
             keeping
             an
             even
             hand
             ,
             to
             promote
             all
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             to
             Encourage
             such
             Trades
             ,
             as
             increase
             the
             Publick
             Stock
             ,
             and
             add
             to
             the
             Kingdoms
             Wealth
             ,
             consider
             d
             as
             a
             Collective
             Body
             .
          
           
             Trade
             is
             in
             its
             Nature
             Free
             ,
             finds
             its
             own
             Channel
             ,
             and
             best
             directeth
             its
             own
             Course
             :
             and
             all
             Laws
             to
             give
             it
             Rules
             ,
             and
             Directions
             ,
             and
             to
             Limit
             ,
             and
             Circumscribe
             it
             ,
             may
             serve
             the
             Particular
             Ends
             of
             Private
             Men
             ,
             but
             are
             seldom
             Advantagious
             to
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             Governments
             ,
             in
             Relation
             to
             it
             ,
             are
             to
             take
             a
             Providential
             Care
             of
             the
             Whole
             ,
             but
             generally
             to
             let
             Second
             Causes
             work
             their
             own
             way
             ;
             And
             considering
             all
             the
             Links
             ,
             and
             Chains
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             hang
             together
             ,
             peradventure
             it
             may
             be
             affirm'd
             ,
             That
             ,
             in
             the
             Main
             ,
             all
             Trafficks
             whatsoever
             are
             beneficial
             to
             a
             Country
             .
          
           
             They
             say
             few
             Laws
             in
             a
             State
             are
             an
             Indication
             
             of
             Wisdom
             in
             a
             People
             ,
             but
             it
             may
             be
             more
             truly
             said
             ,
             that
             few
             Laws
             relating
             to
             Trade
             ,
             are
             the
             Mark
             of
             a
             Nation
             that
             thrives
             by
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             Laws
             to
             Compel
             the
             Consumption
             of
             some
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             prohibit
             the
             use
             of
             others
             ,
             may
             do
             well
             enough
             ,
             where
             Trade
             is
             forc'd
             ,
             and
             onely
             Artificial
             ,
             as
             in
             France
             ;
             But
             in
             Countries
             inclin'd
             by
             Genius
             ,
             and
             adapted
             to
             it
             by
             Situation
             ,
             such
             Laws
             are
             needless
             ,
             unnatural
             ,
             and
             can
             have
             no
             Effect
             conducive
             to
             the
             Publick
             Good.
             
          
           
             I
             have
             often
             wonder'd
             upon
             what
             Grounds
             the
             Parliament
             proceeded
             in
             the
             Act
             for
             Burying
             in
             Woollen
             :
             It
             Occasions
             indeed
             a
             Consumption
             of
             Wooll
             ,
             but
             such
             a
             Consumption
             ,
             as
             produces
             no
             advantage
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             For
             were
             it
             not
             plainly
             better
             ,
             that
             this
             Wooll
             made
             into
             Cloth
             ,
             were
             Exported
             ,
             paid
             for
             ,
             and
             worn
             by
             the
             Living
             abroad
             ,
             than
             laid
             in
             the
             Earth
             here
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             And
             were
             it
             not
             better
             ,
             That
             the
             Common
             People
             (
             who
             make
             up
             the
             Bulk
             and
             are
             the
             great
             Consumers
             )
             should
             be
             bury'd
             in
             an
             Old
             Sheet
             ,
             fit
             for
             nothing
             else
             ,
             as
             formerly
             ,
             than
             in
             so
             much
             New
             Wooll
             ,
             which
             is
             thereby
             utterly
             lost
             .
          
           
             The
             Natural
             Way
             of
             promoting
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             is
             not
             to
             force
             its
             
             Consumption
             at
             home
             ,
             but
             by
             wholsome
             Laws
             to
             contrive
             ,
             That
             it
             may
             be
             wrought
             cheaply
             in
             England
             ,
             which
             consequently
             will
             enable
             us
             to
             command
             the
             Markets
             abroad
             .
          
           
             The
             onely
             Beneficial
             way
             to
             England
             ,
             of
             making
             Wooll
             yield
             a
             good
             Price
             ,
             is
             to
             have
             it
             Manufactur'd
             cheaply
             .
          
           
             No
             Country
             in
             Europe
             ,
             Manufactures
             all
             kind
             of
             Goods
             so
             dearly
             as
             this
             Kingdom
             ;
             And
             the
             Dutch
             at
             this
             very
             day
             buy
             up
             Our
             Cloaths
             here
             ,
             which
             they
             carry
             home
             ,
             and
             Nap
             and
             Dye
             so
             Cheaply
             ,
             that
             by
             this
             means
             they
             are
             able
             to
             under-sell
             us
             ,
             in
             our
             own
             Native
             Commodity
             .
          
           
             The
             Act
             for
             maintenance
             of
             the
             Poor
             ,
             is
             the
             true
             Bane
             ,
             and
             Destruction
             to
             all
             the
             English
             Manufactures
             in
             General
             .
             For
             it
             apparently
             Encourages
             Sloth
             ,
             and
             Beggery
             ;
             Whereas
             if
             the
             Legislative
             Power
             would
             make
             some
             good
             Provision
             ,
             that
             Work-Houses
             might
             in
             every
             Parish
             be
             Erected
             ,
             and
             the
             Poor
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             Able
             ,
             compell'd
             to
             Work
             ,
             So
             many
             new
             Hands
             might
             thereby
             be
             brought
             in
             ,
             as
             would
             indeed
             make
             the
             English
             Manufactures
             Flourish
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             reason
             to
             think
             ,
             that
             the
             People
             receiving
             Alms
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             are
             Twelve
             Hundred
             Thousand
             ;
             if
             but
             half
             could
             be
             brought
             to
             Work
             ,
             besides
             their
             own
             Nourishment
             ,
             their
             Labour
             one
             with
             another
             
             might
             produce
             to
             the
             Publick
             at
             20
             
               s.
               per
            
             Head
             ,
             at
             least
             
               per
               Annum
            
             600,000
             l.
             
          
           
             If
             this
             could
             be
             compass'd
             ,
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             would
             advance
             without
             any
             Unnatural
             Driving
             or
             Compulsion
             .
             For
             we
             want
             Hands
             ,
             not
             Manufactures
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             Laws
             to
             Compel
             the
             Poor
             to
             Work
             ,
             not
             Work
             wherewithal
             to
             give
             them
             Employment
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             England
             a
             true
             Gainer
             by
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             we
             should
             be
             able
             to
             work
             the
             Commodity
             so
             Cheap
             ,
             as
             to
             under-sell
             all
             Comers
             to
             the
             Markets
             abroad
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             advance
             Two
             Propositions
             which
             may
             sound
             very
             strangely
             ,
             and
             yet
             perhaps
             will
             be
             thought
             very
             right
             ,
             and
             true
             ,
             upon
             a
             Mature
             Examination
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             't
             is
             not
             the
             Benefit
             ,
             nor
             Interest
             of
             England
             in
             General
             ,
             that
             Wooll
             should
             bear
             a
             high
             Price
             in
             Our
             Markets
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             by
             a
             great
             Consumption
             of
             the
             VVoollen
             Manufactures
             within
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             the
             Publick
             will
             not
             reap
             such
             an
             advantage
             as
             some
             imagine
             .
          
           
             Fine
             broad
             Cloth
             ,
             was
             the
             Antient
             Drapery
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             which
             first
             recommended
             this
             Manufacture
             to
             the
             Use
             of
             Foreign
             
             Countries
             ,
             This
             is
             the
             Natural
             Issue
             and
             Product
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             inimitable
             abroad
             ,
             and
             it
             must
             be
             very
             great
             Carelessness
             ,
             and
             want
             of
             Conduct
             ,
             that
             can
             make
             us
             lose
             this
             Trade
             so
             Beneficial
             to
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             But
             tho'
             the
             VVooll
             of
             Other
             Places
             is
             not
             so
             fit
             for
             workmanship
             as
             Ours
             ,
             yet
             the
             Commodity
             is
             abounding
             almost
             in
             all
             Countries
             of
             Europe
             ;
             and
             if
             the
             Cloth
             of
             England
             be
             brought
             any
             way
             to
             bear
             too
             high
             a
             Price
             ,
             it
             may
             put
             some
             of
             Our
             Neighbours
             either
             upon
             the
             Industry
             of
             Manufacturing
             their
             own
             better
             :
             Or
             upon
             the
             Frugality
             to
             content
             themselves
             with
             what
             they
             can
             make
             at
             home
             ;
             And
             it
             may
             reduce
             other
             Parts
             ,
             to
             set
             up
             new
             Manufactures
             in
             their
             own
             Countries
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             very
             detrimental
             to
             the
             Vent
             ,
             especially
             ,
             of
             Our
             Narrow
             and
             Courser
             Cloaths
             .
          
           
             Nothing
             can
             make
             this
             Commodity
             Beneficial
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             Enrich
             England
             ,
             but
             to
             have
             the
             VVoollen
             Manufacture
             so
             Cheap
             ,
             as
             that
             great
             quantities
             of
             our
             Cloath
             may
             be
             Exported
             ,
             and
             at
             such
             a
             Rate
             ,
             as
             that
             we
             may
             be
             able
             to
             under-sell
             all
             Nations
             ,
             and
             discourage
             all
             People
             from
             setting
             it
             up
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             can
             never
             be
             ,
             if
             by
             Arts
             ,
             and
             Inventions
             ,
             we
             endeavour
             to
             give
             VVooll
             an
             Unnatural
             Price
             here
             at
             Home
             ,
             Upon
             which
             Score
             ,
             I
             have
             advanc'd
             the
             Second
             
             Proposition
             ,
             That
             England
             reaps
             no
             such
             Advantage
             by
             a
             large
             Consumption
             of
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             within
             this
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             For
             it
             is
             the
             Interest
             of
             all
             Trading
             Nations
             ,
             whatsoever
             ,
             that
             their
             Home
             Consumption
             should
             be
             little
             ,
             of
             a
             Cheap
             and
             Foreign
             Growth
             ,
             and
             that
             their
             own
             Manufactures
             ,
             should
             be
             Sold
             ,
             at
             the
             highest
             Markets
             ,
             and
             spent
             Abroad
             ;
             Since
             by
             what
             is
             Consum'd
             at
             Home
             ,
             one
             loseth
             only
             what
             another
             gets
             ,
             and
             the
             Nation
             in
             General
             is
             not
             at
             all
             the
             Richer
             ;
             But
             all
             Foreign
             Consumption
             is
             a
             Clear
             ,
             and
             Certain
             Profit
             .
             So
             that
             in
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             England
             does
             not
             get
             by
             what
             is
             Spent
             here
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             but
             by
             what
             is
             Sold
             Abroad
             in
             other
             Countries
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             People
             of
             England
             are
             willing
             ,
             and
             pleased
             to
             Wear
             Indian
             Silks
             ,
             and
             Stuffs
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Prime
             Cost
             in
             India
             ,
             is
             not
             above
             a
             Fourth
             part
             of
             what
             their
             own
             Commodities
             would
             stand
             them
             in
             here
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             are
             thereby
             thus
             enabled
             to
             Export
             so
             much
             of
             their
             own
             Product
             ,
             whatever
             is
             so
             sav'd
             ,
             is
             clear
             Gain
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             in
             general
             .
             But
             to
             set
             this
             Matter
             in
             a
             clearer
             Light.
             
          
           
             Suppose
             200,000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             of
             the
             Prime
             Sum
             sent
             to
             India
             ,
             is
             return'd
             in
             Commodities
             
             for
             our
             own
             Consumption
             :
             And
             ,
          
           
             Suppose
             half
             this
             Sum
             ,
             viz.
             100,000
             l.
             to
             be
             Return'd
             in
             such
             Goods
             as
             are
             Worn
             here
             in
             the
             stead
             and
             room
             of
             the
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   From
                   100,000
                   l.
                   Prime
                   Cost
                   to
                   India
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   Reasonably
                   be
                   expected
                   Goods
                   that
                   sell
                   here
                   for
                   —
                
                 
                   400,000
                
              
               
                 
                   So
                   that
                   by
                   sending
                   to
                   India
                   —
                
                 
                   100,000
                
              
               
                 
                   We
                   Gain
                   for
                   our
                   own
                   Consumption
                   clear
                   —
                
                 
                   300,000
                
              
            
          
           
             Now
             this
             must
             be
             Clear
             Profit
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             Because
             this
             Sum
             would
             be
             otherwayes
             laid
             out
             and
             Consum'd
             in
             our
             own
             Product
             ;
             which
             Product
             we
             are
             by
             this
             Means
             enabled
             to
             Export
             .
             For
             when
             we
             come
             to
             Examine
             into
             the
             True
             Reason
             of
             the
             Great
             Wealth
             of
             Holland
             ,
             we
             shall
             find
             it
             chiefly
             to
             arise
             from
             this
             Frugality
             of
             Consuming
             at
             Home
             what
             is
             Cheap
             ,
             or
             comes
             Cheaply
             ,
             and
             carrying
             Abroad
             what
             is
             Rich
             ,
             and
             will
             yield
             most
             Money
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             granted
             That
             Bengals
             and
             Stain'd
             Callicoes
             ,
             and
             other
             East-India
             Goods
             ,
             do
             hinder
             the
             Consumption
             of
             Norwich
             Stuffs
             ,
             Crapes
             ,
             English
             Ratines
             ,
             Shaloons
             ,
             Sayes
             ,
             Perpetuanas
             ,
             and
             Antherines
             :
             But
             the
             same
             Objection
             will
             lye
             against
             the
             Use
             of
             any
             
             thing
             that
             is
             of
             Foreign
             Growth
             ;
             For
             the
             Importation
             of
             Wine
             ,
             undoubtedly
             hinders
             the
             Consumption
             of
             Barly
             ;
             and
             England
             could
             subsist
             ,
             and
             the
             Poor
             perhaps
             would
             have
             fuller
             Employment
             ,
             if
             Foreign
             Trade
             were
             quite
             laid
             aside
             ;
             But
             this
             would
             ill
             Consist
             with
             our
             being
             Great
             at
             Sea
             ,
             upon
             which
             (
             under
             the
             Present
             Posture
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Europe
             )
             all
             our
             Safety
             does
             certainly
             depend
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             East-India
             Goods
             do
             something
             interfere
             with
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             ,
             must
             undoubtedly
             be
             granted
             ,
             but
             the
             Principal
             Matter
             to
             be
             Consider'd
             ,
             is
             ,
             Which
             way
             the
             Nation
             in
             General
             is
             more
             Cheaply
             supply'd
             .
          
           
             If
             100,000
             l.
             Prime
             Cost
             to
             India
             ,
             brings
             Home
             so
             many
             Goods
             as
             stand
             in
             the
             stead
             ,
             and
             supply
             the
             room
             of
             400,000
             l.
             of
             our
             own
             Manufactures
             ,
             It
             must
             certainly
             be
             Adviseable
             not
             to
             Prohibit
             such
             a
             Trade
             ,
             but
             rather
             to
             divert
             the
             Wooll
             used
             in
             these
             our
             Home
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             the
             Craft
             ,
             Labour
             and
             Industry
             employ'd
             about
             'em
             ,
             to
             the
             Making
             Fine
             Broad
             Cloth
             ,
             Course
             and
             Narrow
             Cloths
             ,
             Stuffs
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             fit
             for
             Sale
             in
             Foreign
             Markets
             ;
             Since
             't
             is
             an
             undoubted
             Truth
             ,
             that
             400,000
             l.
             worth
             of
             our
             Native
             Goods
             Sold
             Abroad
             ,
             does
             add
             more
             to
             the
             Nations
             General
             Stock
             ,
             
             and
             Wealth
             ,
             than
             Four
             Millions
             worth
             of
             our
             Home
             Product
             Consum'd
             within
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             besides
             ,
             suppose
             the
             Wearing
             East-India
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             &c.
             in
             England
             were
             Prohibited
             ,
             and
             that
             their
             whole
             Importation
             were
             Interdicted
             ,
             I
             do
             not
             see
             how
             such
             Prohibitions
             would
             at
             all
             Advance
             the
             Vent
             of
             our
             Home
             Product
             .
             For
             in
             one
             Case
             ,
             If
             they
             hinder
             the
             Consumption
             of
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             at
             Home
             ,
             will
             they
             not
             when
             Exported
             ,
             hinder
             its
             Consumption
             ,
             and
             the
             Sale
             of
             Cloaths
             in
             Foreign
             Parts
             ?
             And
             in
             the
             other
             Case
             ,
             If
             the
             English
             were
             forbid
             to
             bring
             Indian
             Goods
             into
             Europe
             ,
             will
             not
             the
             Dutch
             Import
             them
             ,
             and
             thereby
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             ,
             hurt
             Abroad
             ,
             the
             Vent
             and
             Consumption
             of
             our
             English
             Cloths
             ?
          
           
             Upon
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             it
             is
             my
             Opinion
             ,
             (
             which
             I
             submit
             to
             better
             Judgments
             )
             That
             the
             Importation
             of
             East-India
             and
             Persia
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Stain'd
             Callicoes
             ,
             &c.
             though
             it
             may
             somewhat
             interfere
             with
             the
             Manufactures
             of
             
               Norwich
               ,
               Bristol
            
             ,
             and
             other
             particular
             Places
             ;
             yet
             ,
             that
             such
             Importation
             adds
             to
             the
             Kingdoms
             main
             Stock
             ,
             and
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             General
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             of
             England
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             And
             Secondly
             as
             to
             the
             Silk
             and
             Linnen
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             WIsdom
             is
             most
             commonly
             in
             the
             Wrong
             ,
             when
             it
             pretends
             to
             direct
             Nature
             .
             The
             various
             Products
             of
             different
             Soiles
             ,
             and
             Countries
             ,
             is
             an
             Indication
             ,
             that
             Providence
             intended
             they
             should
             be
             helpful
             to
             each
             other
             ,
             and
             mutually
             supply
             the
             Necessities
             of
             one
             another
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             it
             is
             great
             Folly
             to
             Compel
             a
             Youth
             to
             that
             sort
             of
             Study
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             is
             not
             adapted
             by
             Genius
             ,
             and
             Inclination
             :
             So
             it
             can
             never
             be
             Wise
             ,
             to
             endeavour
             the
             introducing
             into
             a
             Country
             ,
             either
             the
             Growth
             of
             any
             Commodity
             ,
             or
             any
             Manufacture
             ,
             for
             which
             ,
             nor
             the
             Soil
             ,
             nor
             the
             General
             Bent
             of
             the
             People
             is
             proper
             :
             And
             as
             forc'd
             Fruits
             (
             though
             they
             may
             look
             fair
             to
             the
             Eye
             )
             are
             notwithstanding
             Tastless
             ,
             and
             Unwholsome
             ;
             So
             a
             Trade
             forc'd
             in
             this
             manner
             ,
             brings
             no
             National
             Profit
             ,
             but
             is
             Prejudicial
             to
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             We
             have
             such
             Advantages
             by
             Situation
             ,
             and
             in
             several
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             Materials
             ,
             Natural
             ,
             and
             almost
             peculiar
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             Improvement
             of
             them
             were
             sufficiently
             
             look'd
             after
             ,
             and
             encourag'd
             by
             the
             State
             ,
             we
             might
             increase
             in
             Wealth
             ,
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             Power
             ,
             peradventure
             beyond
             all
             Nations
             in
             Europe
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             our
             Fault
             ,
             if
             we
             do
             not
             enjoy
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             without
             any
             Rivalship
             ;
             but
             undoubtedly
             it
             might
             be
             very
             much
             advanced
             ▪
             If
             Work-Houses
             were
             set
             up
             ,
             If
             the
             Laws
             did
             Provide
             ,
             and
             the
             Magistracy
             in
             the
             Execution
             did
             take
             Care
             ,
             to
             set
             the
             Poor
             to
             work
             .
          
           
             Such
             an
             Increase
             of
             Hands
             would
             likewise
             produce
             more
             Tin
             ,
             and
             Lead
             ,
             and
             enable
             us
             to
             afford
             Leather
             Cheaper
             :
             And
             it
             is
             a
             large
             Exportation
             ,
             and
             being
             able
             to
             undersell
             all
             others
             ,
             in
             Foreign
             Markets
             ,
             that
             brings
             National
             Profit
             .
          
           
             More
             Hands
             would
             quicken
             Industry
             ,
             and
             improve
             waste
             Ground
             ,
             which
             would
             enable
             us
             to
             carry
             out
             Corn
             ,
             at
             a
             Cheap
             Rate
             .
          
           
             And
             generally
             speaking
             all
             Laws
             restraining
             Idleness
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             invite
             People
             hither
             ,
             must
             better
             the
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             make
             'em
             more
             gainful
             to
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             no
             Trade
             so
             Advantageous
             ,
             especially
             to
             an
             Island
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             Buying
             Goods
             in
             one
             Country
             ,
             to
             sell
             them
             in
             another
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             the
             Original
             and
             chief
             Article
             of
             the
             Great
             Wealth
             in
             Holland
             .
             There
             
             is
             Gain
             by
             the
             Freight
             :
             It
             occasions
             Consumption
             of
             our
             Home
             Product
             :
             It
             breeds
             Seamen
             ,
             Increases
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             improves
             Navigation
             :
             And
             any
             Home
             Manufacture
             that
             hinders
             this
             kind
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             or
             that
             indeed
             interferes
             with
             it
             ,
             is
             pernicious
             ,
             and
             ought
             in
             Wisdom
             ,
             and
             by
             all
             Rules
             of
             Policy
             ,
             to
             be
             discouraged
             by
             the
             Publick
             .
             This
             kind
             of
             Commerce
             England
             was
             formerly
             in
             a
             large
             possession
             of
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             be
             retriev'd
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             best
             of
             Times
             was
             capable
             of
             great
             Improvement
             .
          
           
             Our
             Plantations
             (
             if
             we
             take
             Care
             to
             preserve
             them
             from
             Foreign
             Insults
             and
             Invasions
             )
             as
             they
             Increase
             in
             People
             ,
             will
             Consume
             more
             of
             our
             Home
             Manufactures
             than
             we
             have
             Hands
             to
             make
             :
             They
             produce
             Commodities
             indispensably
             necessary
             to
             this
             part
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             be
             produced
             elsewhere
             ,
             and
             with
             Industry
             and
             Conduct
             ,
             may
             be
             made
             an
             inexhaustible
             Mine
             of
             Treasure
             to
             their
             Mother
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             If
             there
             be
             such
             a
             Multitude
             of
             Hands
             that
             want
             VVork
             in
             England
             ,
             the
             Herring
             Fishery
             would
             employ
             many
             Thousands
             of
             Men
             ,
             and
             one
             Million
             of
             Money
             ;
             and
             ,
             the
             Advantages
             our
             Situation
             gives
             us
             for
             it
             consider'd
             ,
             we
             might
             at
             least
             come
             in
             for
             a
             Share
             ,
             with
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             in
             that
             Trade
             ,
             which
             brings
             them
             so
             immense
             a
             Profit
             .
          
           
           
             Some
             of
             the
             foregoing
             Materials
             are
             Peculiar
             Gifts
             and
             Blessings
             to
             this
             Soil
             ;
             Our
             Inclinations
             to
             the
             Sea
             ,
             fit
             us
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             for
             the
             Traffick
             of
             carrying
             Goods
             from
             one
             Countrey
             to
             another
             (
             the
             most
             certain
             Gain
             a
             Nation
             can
             make
             )
             Our
             Ports
             are
             safer
             and
             fitter
             than
             theirs
             for
             this
             Purpose
             .
             Our
             Plantation
             Trade
             ,
             to
             carry
             it
             on
             to
             its
             Height
             ,
             would
             require
             a
             greater
             Stock
             than
             we
             are
             Masters
             of
             at
             present
             ,
             and
             would
             Consume
             more
             of
             Our
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             home
             Product
             ,
             than
             we
             can
             make
             and
             furnish
             at
             Reasonable
             Rates
             .
             As
             to
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             if
             we
             are
             not
             intirely
             in
             Possession
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             if
             other
             Nations
             have
             been
             suffer'd
             to
             make
             such
             a
             Profit
             upon
             Our
             Coast
             ,
             it
             has
             proceeded
             from
             want
             of
             Industry
             in
             the
             English
             People
             ,
             and
             through
             the
             Negligence
             of
             former
             Governments
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             foremention'd
             Particulars
             ,
             an
             unforc'd
             and
             a
             Natural
             Improvement
             may
             be
             made
             in
             our
             VVealth
             and
             Substance
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             here
             the
             Legislative
             Power
             may
             ,
             to
             good
             effect
             ,
             interpose
             with
             its
             Care
             and
             VVisdom
             .
          
           
             Most
             Countries
             have
             a
             certain
             Number
             of
             their
             People
             ,
             who
             addict
             themselves
             to
             Trade
             and
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             most
             Nations
             have
             limited
             Stock
             to
             be
             employ'd
             in
             those
             Uses
             ,
             which
             they
             cannot
             well
             exceed
             ;
             
             And
             't
             is
             the
             Prudence
             of
             a
             State
             ,
             to
             see
             ,
             that
             this
             Industry
             ,
             and
             Stock
             ,
             be
             not
             diverted
             from
             things
             profitable
             to
             the
             whole
             ,
             and
             turn'd
             upon
             Objects
             unprofitable
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             dangerous
             to
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             The
             Stock
             England
             formerly
             had
             running
             in
             Trade
             and
             Manufactures
             ,
             was
             very
             considerable
             ,
             and
             I
             am
             sorry
             ,
             upon
             a
             carefull
             Inquiry
             ,
             to
             find
             it
             so
             much
             decreas'd
             :
             What
             remains
             ,
             and
             more
             than
             can
             be
             gather'd
             in
             many
             Years
             of
             Peace
             ,
             will
             be
             sufficiently
             employ'd
             in
             that
             Business
             ,
             where
             the
             Nation
             is
             a
             certain
             and
             known
             Gainer
             ;
             and
             therefore
             should
             not
             be
             diverted
             upon
             uncertain
             Objects
             ,
             and
             turn'd
             upon
             new
             Inventions
             ,
             in
             which
             it
             cannot
             be
             determin'd
             ,
             in
             many
             Years
             ,
             whither
             we
             get
             or
             loose
             ,
             and
             how
             the
             Ballance
             stands
             :
             And
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             and
             kind
             ,
             are
             the
             Silk
             ,
             and
             Linnen
             Manufactures
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Silk
             is
             a
             Manufacture
             of
             a
             Foreign
             Extract
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             Genuine
             Product
             of
             this
             Country
             ;
             It
             Employs
             indeed
             the
             Poor
             ,
             but
             is
             not
             compos'd
             from
             a
             Material
             of
             our
             own
             Growth
             .
             Whatever
             Encouragement
             it
             meets
             with
             ,
             it
             cannot
             thrive
             with
             us
             ,
             being
             not
             Calculated
             for
             our
             Meridian
             :
             'T
             is
             fit
             onely
             for
             frugal
             Nations
             ,
             where
             Parsimony
             renders
             Craft
             and
             Workmanship
             not
             dear
             ,
             upon
             which
             score
             the
             
               French
               ,
               Italians
            
             ,
             
             and
             Dutch
             ,
             will
             always
             be
             able
             to
             under-sell
             us
             in
             that
             Commodity
             ,
             and
             hinder
             any
             Success
             we
             can
             propose
             .
             And
             as
             an
             Example
             of
             this
             ,
             Did
             not
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             lately
             ,
             bring
             hither
             French
             Lustring
             ,
             under
             their
             Seal
             ,
             which
             they
             could
             afford
             so
             Cheap
             ,
             as
             to
             under-sell
             the
             Projectors
             of
             it
             here
             ,
             tho'
             they
             were
             at
             the
             Charge
             of
             Freight
             and
             Custom
             .
          
           
             The
             Stock
             and
             Industry
             laid
             out
             on
             the
             Silk
             Manufacture
             ,
             would
             be
             more
             usefully
             employ'd
             ,
             in
             such
             as
             are
             made
             from
             Materials
             of
             Our
             own
             Growth
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Luxury
             of
             wearing
             Silk
             could
             be
             quite
             Abolish'd
             ,
             such
             a
             Reformation
             would
             undoubtedly
             be
             beneficial
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             but
             since
             this
             is
             not
             easily
             to
             be
             Compass'd
             ,
             a
             wise
             State
             must
             consider
             which
             Way
             the
             Folly
             of
             their
             People
             can
             be
             supply'd
             at
             the
             cheapest
             rate
             ,
             For
             ,
             Frugality
             of
             this
             Nature
             ,
             as
             certainly
             enriches
             the
             whole
             ,
             as
             it
             does
             any
             private
             Person
             .
          
           
             There
             are
             brought
             from
             India
             Two
             sorts
             of
             Silks
             .
          
           
             The
             one
             is
             of
             such
             a
             sort
             as
             is
             not
             made
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             consequently
             onely
             hinders
             the
             Importation
             of
             the
             like
             kind
             ,
             at
             a
             dearer
             Rate
             ,
             from
             
               Holland
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               France
               ,
               Turkey
            
             and
             other
             Places
             .
          
           
             The
             other
             is
             of
             the
             like
             sort
             with
             those
             
             made
             here
             ,
             notwithstanding
             which
             ,
             it
             must
             certainly
             be
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             Interest
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             forbid
             their
             Importation
             from
             India
             ,
             unless
             those
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             kinds
             of
             Silk
             applicable
             to
             the
             same
             Uses
             ,
             could
             be
             Prohibited
             to
             be
             brought
             from
             Foreign
             Countries
             :
             since
             by
             such
             Prohibition
             (
             unless
             the
             vanity
             it self
             can
             be
             cured
             )
             we
             onely
             enrich
             the
             Neighbouring
             Nations
             at
             Our
             Expence
             .
          
           
             The
             East-India
             Goods
             since
             they
             were
             in
             use
             ,
             have
             apparently
             lower'd
             the
             Price
             of
             Silks
             from
             
               France
               ,
               Spain
            
             ,
             and
             Italy
             ,
             at
             least
             25
             
               per
               Cent
            
             :
             and
             if
             their
             Importation
             should
             be
             prohibited
             ,
             will
             it
             not
             follow
             Naturally
             that
             the
             European
             Countries
             will
             again
             advance
             upon
             us
             ?
          
           
             And
             the
             
               French
               ,
               Italians
            
             ,
             and
             Dutch
             ,
             who
             upon
             several
             Accounts
             are
             able
             to
             underwork
             us
             ,
             will
             undoubtedly
             fall
             to
             making
             and
             sending
             hither
             such
             Commodities
             ,
             as
             may
             stand
             in
             the
             Room
             here
             of
             Indian
             Goods
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             low
             Rates
             they
             can
             afford
             'em
             ,
             they
             will
             quickly
             ruin
             Our
             Silk
             Manufactures
             :
             And
             when
             the
             Fabrick
             is
             distroy'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Stock
             and
             Hands
             employ'd
             in
             it
             ,
             are
             diverted
             to
             other
             Uses
             ,
             they
             may
             put
             what
             Fine
             they
             please
             upon
             our
             Vanity
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Dutch
             have
             such
             a
             Silk
             Manufacture
             in
             their
             Country
             ,
             that
             by
             Computation
             ,
             there
             is
             Imported
             hither
             ,
             from
             thence
             ,
             more
             of
             that
             Commodity
             ,
             one
             Year
             with
             another
             than
             we
             bring
             from
             India
             .
             Most
             of
             the
             Velvets
             us'd
             here
             ,
             come
             from
             thence
             ,
             and
             are
             purchas'd
             by
             us
             at
             a
             dearer
             rate
             ,
             than
             could
             be
             afford'd
             from
             India
             ,
             or
             made
             here
             at
             home
             ,
             if
             we
             were
             skill'd
             in
             the
             Workmanship
             .
          
           
             And
             notwithstanding
             the
             Dutch
             have
             so
             considerable
             a
             Silk
             Manufacture
             of
             their
             own
             ,
             instead
             of
             Prohibiting
             ,
             they
             encourage
             the
             Importation
             of
             all
             East-India
             Silks
             :
             well
             knowing
             ,
             That
             't
             is
             the
             Interest
             of
             every
             Nation
             ,
             to
             go
             to
             their
             own
             ,
             or
             Foreign
             Markets
             ,
             with
             Goods
             as
             cheap
             as
             they
             can
             ,
             thereby
             to
             beat
             out
             all
             others
             .
             And
             that
             the
             Cheapness
             of
             any
             Commodity
             ,
             will
             force
             a
             way
             into
             those
             Countries
             where
             it
             is
             prohibited
             ,
             if
             any
             of
             the
             like
             sort
             and
             kind
             is
             indulg'd
             and
             permitted
             to
             be
             worn
             there
             ;
             Nothing
             being
             able
             to
             render
             the
             Prohibition
             of
             Goods
             intirely
             Effectual
             in
             any
             Nation
             ,
             but
             a
             Capacity
             in
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             such
             Country
             ,
             to
             afford
             them
             at
             Cheaper
             Rates
             ,
             which
             can
             hardly
             be
             the
             Case
             of
             England
             .
          
           
           
             As
             to
             the
             Linnen
             Manufacture
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             more
             the
             Genuine
             Offspring
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             than
             that
             of
             Silk
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             true
             that
             some
             of
             the
             Materials
             for
             it
             ,
             may
             be
             had
             from
             our
             own
             Soil
             ,
             but
             not
             enough
             to
             supply
             our
             whole
             Consumption
             ,
             and
             we
             can
             never
             pretend
             to
             make
             the
             finer
             sort
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             the
             now
             intended
             Prohibition
             should
             so
             Operate
             ,
             as
             utterly
             to
             lose
             us
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             (
             which
             peradventure
             may
             be
             the
             Case
             )
             the
             Dutch
             may
             put
             what
             rate
             they
             please
             upon
             their
             Callicoes
             ;
             And
             the
             Dutch
             and
             French
             ,
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             will
             Impose
             any
             Price
             upon
             their
             Fine
             Linnens
             (
             which
             Our
             Callicoes
             for
             some
             Years
             have
             kept
             down
             )
             So
             that
             ,
             Our
             necessary
             Consumption
             in
             this
             Commodity
             ,
             will
             stand
             us
             in
             above
             40
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             more
             than
             it
             does
             at
             present
             .
          
           
             This
             Manufacture
             is
             proper
             onely
             for
             Countries
             where
             they
             can
             have
             Flax
             and
             Hemp
             Cheap
             ,
             and
             where
             the
             Common
             People
             work
             at
             very
             easie
             Rates
             .
          
           
             But
             tho'
             with
             forcing
             Nature
             ,
             and
             by
             Art
             ,
             and
             Industry
             ,
             we
             could
             bring
             it
             to
             greater
             Perfection
             ,
             yet
             upon
             other
             Accounts
             't
             is
             perhaps
             not
             adviseable
             ,
             nor
             for
             the
             Nations
             Interest
             ,
             to
             promote
             it
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             Our
             Soil
             and
             the
             Labour
             of
             the
             People
             may
             be
             employ'd
             about
             Materials
             
             more
             Advantageous
             ,
             and
             wherein
             we
             cannot
             be
             undersold
             by
             other
             Countries
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             The
             growth
             of
             this
             Manufacture
             would
             obstruct
             Trade
             ,
             and
             other
             Business
             more
             Important
             to
             the
             Nation
             :
             For
             ▪
          
           
             1.
             
             Our
             Noble
             Staple
             of
             Wooll
             is
             undoubtedly
             capable
             of
             a
             great
             Improvement
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             Increase
             of
             Wages
             (
             that
             must
             happen
             upon
             an
             Increase
             in
             the
             Linnen
             Manufacture
             )
             will
             be
             a
             considerable
             hindrance
             .
             And
             one
             cannot
             rise
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             the
             other
             ,
             Because
             we
             really
             want
             People
             and
             Hands
             to
             carry
             on
             both
             to
             their
             full
             perfection
             .
             And
             ,
          
           
             2.
             
             It
             is
             more
             the
             General
             Interest
             of
             England
             to
             Export
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             in
             Exchange
             Abroad
             for
             Linnen
             ,
             than
             to
             make
             it
             here
             at
             Home
             ;
             which
             Trade
             has
             been
             set
             afoot
             ,
             and
             prosper'd
             very
             much
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Benefit
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             since
             the
             Prohibition
             of
             French
             Goods
             during
             this
             War.
             
          
           
             But
             if
             we
             provide
             our selves
             at
             Home
             with
             Linnen
             sufficient
             for
             our
             Consumption
             ,
             and
             do
             not
             want
             that
             which
             is
             brought
             from
             
               Silesia
               ,
               Saxony
               ,
               Bohemia
            
             ,
             and
             Poland
             ,
             this
             Trade
             must
             cease
             ;
             For
             these
             Northern
             Countries
             have
             neither
             Money
             ,
             nor
             other
             Commodities
             ;
             and
             if
             we
             deal
             with
             them
             ,
             we
             must
             be
             contented
             ,
             in
             a
             manner
             ,
             to
             barter
             our
             Cloaths
             ,
             for
             their
             Linnen
             ;
             And
             't
             is
             obvious
             
             enough
             ,
             to
             any
             Considering
             Man
             ,
             that
             by
             such
             a
             Traffick
             ,
             We
             are
             not
             Losers
             in
             the
             Ballance
             .
          
           
             In
             Process
             of
             Time
             ,
             when
             England
             shall
             come
             to
             be
             more
             Peopled
             ;
             And
             when
             a
             long
             Peace
             shall
             have
             increased
             our
             Wealth
             and
             Stock
             ,
             perhaps
             we
             may
             be
             able
             not
             only
             to
             carry
             on
             our
             old
             Manufactures
             to
             their
             full
             height
             ,
             but
             to
             embrace
             new
             Ones
             ,
             Such
             as
             are
             that
             of
             Silk
             and
             Linnen
             ;
             but
             as
             our
             Case
             stands
             ,
             it
             seems
             sufficient
             to
             let
             them
             take
             their
             own
             Natural
             Course
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             drive
             them
             on
             ;
             For
             too
             many
             sorts
             of
             Businesses
             may
             be
             as
             well
             hurtful
             in
             the
             Publick
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             often
             to
             Private
             Persons
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Nation
             finds
             a
             General
             Profit
             from
             them
             ,
             their
             own
             Weight
             will
             bear
             them
             on
             ;
             but
             in
             the
             mean
             while
             ,
             it
             cannot
             be
             Adviseable
             ,
             in
             their
             Favour
             ,
             to
             exercise
             any
             extraordinary
             Act
             of
             Power
             ;
             and
             for
             their
             sake
             ,
             by
             Prohibitions
             ,
             to
             distress
             ,
             embroil
             ,
             and
             disturb
             any
             settled
             Trade
             ,
             by
             which
             ,
             beyond
             all
             Contradiction
             ,
             the
             Nation
             ,
             before
             the
             War
             ,
             was
             so
             great
             a
             Gainer
             .
          
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
             After
             much
             Thought
             upon
             this
             Subject
             ,
             I
             am
             come
             to
             these
             Conclusions
             ,
             within
             my self
             ,
             which
             I
             submit
             to
             Your
             better
             Judgment
             .
          
           
             
             
               First
               ,
               That
               our
               Silk
               and
               Linnen
               Manufactures
               obstruct
               Trades
               more
               Important
               ,
               and
               more
               profitable
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               ,
               tho'
               a
               Prohibition
               of
               East-India
               Goods
               ,
               may
               advance
               their
               present
               Interest
               ,
               who
               are
               engag'd
               in
               the
               Silk
               and
               Linnen
               Manufactures
               here
               ,
               yet
               That
               it
               will
               bring
               no
               future
               advantage
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               That
               Luxury
               is
               so
               deeply
               rooted
               in
               this
               Nation
               ,
               that
               should
               this
               Prohibition
               pass
               ,
               it
               will
               onely
               carry
               us
               to
               European
               Markets
               ,
               where
               ,
               we
               shall
               pay
               perhaps
               50
               
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               dearer
               ,
               may
               be
               ,
               for
               the
               same
               ,
               or
               for
               Vanities
               of
               the
               like
               Nature
               .
               So
               that
            
          
           
             UPON
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             I
             am
             humbly
             of
             Opinion
             ,
             that
             the
             Importation
             of
             wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Bengals
             ,
             Stain'd
             Callicoes
             ,
             &c.
             does
             not
             so
             interfere
             with
             Our
             Silk
             and
             Linnen
             Manufactures
             ,
             as
             to
             hurt
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             bring
             dammage
             to
             the
             Collective
             Body
             of
             England
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             And
             Thirdly
             ,
             As
             to
             the
             Effect
             such
             a
             Prohibition
             will
             have
             upon
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             in
             General
             .
          
           
             IN
             all
             Argumentations
             ,
             't
             is
             requisite
             to
             settle
             ,
             and
             agree
             upon
             Principles
             ;
             for
             which
             Reason
             ,
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             this
             Discourse
             ,
             I
             did
             endeavour
             to
             prove
             ,
             That
             in
             general
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             was
             Profitable
             to
             this
             Kingdom
             .
             And
             I
             dwelt
             the
             longer
             upon
             that
             Head
             ,
             because
             some
             People
             are
             quite
             of
             a
             Contrary
             Opinion
             ,
             and
             believe
             it
             hurtful
             to
             England
             .
          
           
             And
             I
             am
             satisfied
             that
             many
             (
             without
             Doors
             )
             promote
             the
             Bill
             in
             Question
             ,
             in
             hopes
             thereby
             utterly
             to
             destroy
             the
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             And
             ,
             truly
             My
             Lord
             ,
             it
             seems
             plain
             to
             me
             ,
             that
             the
             intended
             Prohibitions
             must
             prove
             ,
             though
             not
             a
             sudden
             ,
             yet
             a
             certain
             destruction
             to
             it
             .
             And
             that
             't
             is
             a
             lopping
             from
             this
             Trade
             ,
             the
             Branches
             ,
             and
             taking
             away
             some
             of
             the
             Bark
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             the
             Root
             :
             The
             Trunk
             indeed
             is
             left
             ,
             but
             so
             maim'd
             ,
             and
             injur'd
             ,
             that
             it
             can
             never
             spread
             and
             flourish
             .
          
           
           
             If
             it
             can
             be
             made
             appear
             this
             Prohibition
             is
             no
             ways
             to
             be
             render'd
             effectual
             :
             And
             if
             it
             can
             be
             shown
             ,
             that
             the
             said
             Prohibitions
             will
             utterly
             disable
             the
             Present
             East-India
             Company
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             ,
             to
             be
             hereafter
             Erected
             ,
             from
             Supporting
             ,
             and
             Carrying
             on
             the
             Trade
             ,
             to
             the
             Advantage
             of
             England
             ,
             Your
             Lordship
             will
             certainly
             think
             the
             Bill
             ,
             now
             a
             foot
             ,
             of
             dangerous
             Consequence
             ,
             and
             not
             fit
             to
             receive
             a
             Sanction
             in
             the
             House
             of
             Peers
             .
          
           
             No
             Prohibitions
             of
             a
             Foreign
             or
             Domestick
             Commodity
             ,
             can
             have
             any
             Effect
             ,
             without
             Sumptuary
             Laws
             strictly
             penn'd
             ,
             and
             rigorously
             put
             in
             Execution
             .
          
           
             For
             ,
             the
             Importation
             of
             French
             Wines
             ,
             and
             Linnen
             ,
             has
             been
             forbidden
             under
             high
             Penalties
             during
             this
             War
             ,
             yet
             the
             Consumption
             of
             those
             sort
             of
             Commodities
             ,
             is
             not
             much
             lessen'd
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             brought
             in
             upon
             us
             ,
             from
             other
             Countries
             ,
             at
             much
             a
             dearer
             Rate
             .
             For
             these
             Three
             Years
             last
             past
             ,
             French
             Wines
             have
             been
             convey'd
             hither
             by
             the
             way
             of
             Spain
             and
             Portugal
             ,
             and
             the
             French
             Silks
             ,
             and
             Linnens
             ,
             have
             been
             all
             along
             secretly
             brought
             ,
             and
             smuggled
             upon
             our
             own
             Coast
             .
          
           
             Perhaps
             if
             severe
             Sumptuary
             Laws
             had
             Impos'd
             a
             High
             Duty
             ,
             or
             Penalty
             ,
             upon
             the
             Consumers
             of
             French
             Wine
             ,
             Silks
             ,
             and
             
             Linnen
             ,
             the
             Prohibition
             might
             have
             had
             its
             designed
             Effect
             :
             But
             how
             such
             Laws
             could
             have
             been
             made
             Practicable
             ,
             I
             shall
             not
             pretend
             to
             determine
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             same
             manner
             ,
             if
             a
             severe
             Mulct
             ,
             or
             a
             High
             Duty
             ,
             can
             be
             laid
             on
             such
             as
             shall
             Wear
             or
             Use
             any
             India
             ,
             or
             Persia
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Bengals
             ,
             &c.
             and
             if
             this
             were
             superadded
             to
             the
             Prohibition
             ,
             peradventure
             it
             might
             be
             render'd
             Effectual
             .
          
           
             But
             ,
             otherwise
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             Prohibition
             ,
             of
             Wearing
             such
             Goods
             ,
             and
             the
             Penalties
             upon
             the
             Retailers
             that
             shall
             vend
             them
             ,
             their
             Consumption
             will
             be
             little
             lessened
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             be
             brought
             in
             upon
             us
             from
             other
             Countries
             ,
             Scotland
             and
             Holland
             more
             especially
             .
          
           
             However
             ,
             though
             such
             a
             Method
             is
             peradventure
             the
             only
             way
             of
             keeping
             down
             this
             Luxury
             ,
             I
             am
             very
             far
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             from
             thinking
             it
             Adviseable
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             Laws
             of
             all
             Countries
             must
             be
             suited
             to
             the
             Bent
             and
             Inclinations
             of
             the
             People
             :
             And
             (
             which
             I
             am
             loath
             to
             say
             )
             there
             is
             sometimes
             a
             Necessity
             ,
             they
             should
             be
             a
             little
             accommodated
             to
             their
             deprav'd
             Manners
             ,
             and
             Corruptions
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             of
             England
             ,
             who
             have
             been
             long
             accustom'd
             to
             Mild
             Laws
             ,
             and
             a
             loose
             Administration
             ,
             can
             never
             indure
             that
             Severity
             ,
             
             which
             is
             needful
             to
             make
             such
             a
             Prohibition
             have
             Effect
             :
             Nor
             can
             they
             suffer
             High
             Duties
             ,
             or
             Penalties
             to
             be
             imposed
             upon
             their
             Pleasures
             ,
             or
             bear
             a
             strict
             Inquisition
             into
             their
             Furniture
             and
             Apparel
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             no
             Country
             without
             a
             multitude
             of
             Sumptuary
             Laws
             ,
             but
             hardly
             a
             Place
             can
             be
             instanc'd
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             Observ'd
             ,
             or
             produce
             any
             Publick
             Good.
             They
             were
             somewhat
             regarded
             in
             the
             Infancy
             of
             the
             Roman
             Common-wealth
             ,
             before
             Riches
             and
             Pomp
             ,
             had
             banish'd
             Vertue
             ,
             and
             Obedience
             :
             But
             their
             chiefest
             Strength
             was
             alwayes
             deriv'd
             from
             the
             Sanctity
             ,
             and
             Veneration
             ,
             in
             which
             was
             held
             the
             Office
             of
             Censor
             .
             And
             in
             England
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             immediately
             contemn'd
             ,
             and
             derided
             ;
             and
             any
             Magistrate
             must
             become
             the
             Publick
             Scorn
             ,
             that
             should
             think
             to
             put
             them
             in
             Execution
             .
          
           
             And
             yet
             without
             Strict
             Sumptuary
             Laws
             ,
             well
             Observ'd
             ,
             the
             Wisdom
             of
             the
             Parliament
             will
             find
             it self
             eluded
             ,
             when
             it
             endeavours
             to
             banish
             Foreign
             Vanities
             and
             Luxury
             ,
             in
             favour
             of
             our
             own
             Product
             and
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             For
             in
             all
             probability
             ,
             the
             Consequence
             of
             such
             a
             Prohibition
             will
             be
             ,
             That
             Goods
             of
             the
             same
             kind
             ,
             or
             Goods
             applicable
             to
             the
             like
             use
             ,
             instead
             of
             those
             Imported
             from
             India
             ,
             will
             be
             brought
             hither
             from
             Abroad
             ;
             
             and
             the
             Consumption
             will
             not
             be
             less
             ,
             but
             at
             a
             much
             dearer
             Rate
             .
             It
             may
             indeed
             somewhat
             better
             our
             Manufactures
             ,
             but
             will
             more
             Advance
             those
             of
             
               France
               ,
               Italy
            
             and
             Holland
             ,
             who
             can
             afford
             to
             work
             Cheaper
             :
             And
             ,
             in
             all
             appearance
             ,
             will
             thereby
             prove
             such
             a
             drein
             of
             this
             Kingdoms
             Treasure
             ,
             as
             may
             bring
             utter
             destruction
             upon
             us
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             principal
             Question
             is
             ,
             Whether
             ,
             under
             such
             Prohibitions
             ,
             any
             Body
             of
             Men
             can
             find
             their
             Accompt
             in
             carrying
             on
             this
             Trade
             ?
          
           
             To
             make
             this
             Traffick
             an
             Addition
             of
             Strength
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Riches
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             Encouragement
             should
             be
             given
             to
             send
             thither
             Large
             ,
             and
             Strong
             Ships
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             Expensive
             to
             the
             Undertakers
             .
          
           
             Their
             Business
             in
             India
             cannot
             be
             Manag'd
             without
             frequent
             Gifts
             and
             Presents
             ,
             to
             the
             Rajahs
             and
             Governours
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Practice
             in
             all
             the
             Eastern
             Countries
             .
          
           
             Forts
             ,
             and
             Castles
             ,
             with
             good
             Garrisons
             ,
             are
             there
             indispensably
             necessary
             ,
             for
             the
             preservation
             of
             the
             Pepper
             Trade
             ,
             and
             indeed
             ,
             needful
             upon
             many
             other
             Accompts
             ,
             As
             Magazines
             for
             Naval
             Provision
             ,
             and
             as
             Store
             Houses
             ,
             in
             which
             to
             lay
             Goods
             ,
             bought
             in
             the
             Country
             ,
             at
             proper
             Seasons
             :
             Besides
             they
             are
             a
             Safety
             to
             Our
             People
             ,
             from
             any
             Insults
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             And
             a
             Refuge
             ,
             upon
             
             any
             Disorder
             ,
             Revolution
             ,
             or
             other
             Emergency
             in
             the
             
             Mogul's
             State
             and
             Empire
             ▪
          
           
             A
             Trade
             Limited
             and
             Circumscrib'd
             in
             the
             Manner
             propos'd
             ,
             cannot
             well
             undergo
             these
             Expences
             ,
             which
             notwithstanding
             are
             necessary
             for
             its
             Preservation
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             before
             divided
             the
             400,000
             l.
             prime
             Cost
             sent
             to
             India
             ,
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             viz.
             Half
             for
             Foreign
             Exportation
             ,
             and
             ,
             the
             Other
             half
             ,
             for
             home
             Consumption
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Returns
                   of
                   200,000
                   l.
                   in
                   Time
                   of
                   Peace
                   might
                   probably
                   yeild
                   abroad
                   —
                
                 
                   800,000
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Returns
                   of
                   200,000
                   l.
                   in
                   Time
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                   might
                   probably
                   yield
                   at
                   home
                   —
                
                 
                   800,000
                
              
               
                 
                   Total
                   —
                
                 
                   1,600,000
                
              
            
          
           
             But
             we
             must
             take
             Notice
             ,
             that
             the
             1,200,000
             l.
             Profit
             ,
             suppos'd
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             to
             arise
             from
             this
             Trade
             ,
             did
             not
             ,
             all
             of
             it
             ,
             accrue
             to
             the
             Adventurers
             in
             the
             Company
             ,
             but
             was
             National
             ,
             and
             divided
             among
             many
             Thousands
             of
             the
             People
             .
             The
             Merchants
             ,
             who
             at
             the
             Companies
             Sales
             bought
             Goods
             for
             Exportation
             ,
             had
             their
             Share
             ,
             and
             the
             Retailers
             here
             had
             their
             Proportion
             ,
             in
             the
             Gain
             ,
             which
             this
             Traffick
             ,
             
             in
             the
             whole
             ,
             might
             be
             Computed
             to
             produce
             .
          
           
             And
             particularly
             for
             their
             Share
             in
             the
             600,000
             l.
             supposed
             to
             be
             gained
             by
             our
             own
             Consumption
             ,
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             ,
             by
             this
             Traffick
             :
             There
             came
             in
             ,
             The
             King
             for
             His
             Customs
             ;
             Owners
             of
             Ships
             ;
             Such
             as
             got
             by
             Victualling
             them
             ;
             Seamen
             for
             Wages
             :
             And
             ,
             lastly
             ,
             Factors
             and
             Servants
             ,
             both
             Abroad
             ,
             and
             at
             Home
             .
          
           
             The
             Gain
             made
             Abstractedly
             by
             the
             Company
             ,
             has
             never
             been
             Invidious
             :
             For
             if
             their
             whole
             Stock
             be
             Computed
             from
             their
             Beginning
             ,
             to
             this
             Day
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             found
             ,
             by
             their
             Dividends
             ,
             That
             they
             have
             not
             one
             Year
             ,
             with
             another
             ,
             divided
             20
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             which
             ,
             considering
             the
             Length
             and
             Hazard
             of
             their
             Voyages
             ,
             is
             not
             a
             Profit
             to
             be
             envied
             .
          
           
             But
             since
             this
             War
             ,
             the
             Company
             have
             without
             doubt
             been
             great
             Losers
             ,
             and
             nothing
             but
             the
             Invincible
             Courage
             ,
             which
             has
             been
             alwayes
             observ'd
             in
             English
             Merchants
             ,
             could
             have
             hindered
             the
             Trade
             from
             being
             intirely
             Lost
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             all
             the
             Companies
             late
             Losses
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             their
             former
             Ill
             Conduct
             in
             India
             ,
             they
             have
             not
             lost
             footing
             there
             ,
             but
             have
             ,
             hitherto
             ,
             preserv'd
             the
             Trade
             ,
             indeed
             at
             their
             own
             Expence
             .
          
           
           
             However
             ,
             if
             any
             thing
             should
             be
             done
             that
             will
             Interrupt
             any
             great
             part
             of
             their
             Commerce
             ,
             they
             must
             apparently
             give
             it
             over
             ,
             or
             sink
             under
             the
             Burthen
             ;
             For
             the
             Charge
             and
             Expence
             Abroad
             must
             be
             full
             as
             much
             to
             support
             a
             Little
             ,
             as
             a
             more
             Extended
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   If
                   this
                   Trade
                   be
                   so
                   Restrain'd
                   ,
                   by
                   Prohibitions
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   there
                   can
                   be
                   sent
                   to
                   India
                   ,
                   not
                   above
                   
                     per
                     Annum
                  
                   —
                
                 
                   200,000
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   National
                   Profit
                   from
                   thence
                   arising
                   cannot
                   Reasonably
                   exceed
                   —
                
                 
                   600,000
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Companies
                   Charge
                   ,
                   and
                   Expence
                   ,
                   to
                   Support
                   and
                   Carry
                   on
                   their
                   Affairs
                   Abroad
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   Modestly
                   Computed
                   ,
                   at
                   
                     per
                     Annum
                  
                   —
                
                 
                   100,000
                
              
               
                 
                   Which
                   Summe
                   will
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   weight
                   upon
                   
                     per
                     Annum
                  
                   —
                
                 
                   600,000
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   will
                   fall
                   lightly
                   upon
                   
                     per
                     An.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   1,200,000
                
              
            
          
           
             According
             to
             the
             best
             and
             most
             Impartial
             Accounts
             I
             can
             receive
             ,
             the
             Bill
             in
             Agitation
             ,
             must
             lose
             England
             half
             the
             Trade
             to
             India
             in
             General
             ,
             all
             the
             Traffick
             to
             the
             Coast
             and
             Bay
             of
             Bengal
             ,
             and
             half
             the
             Business
             to
             Surrat
             .
          
           
           
             And
             ,
             particularly
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Coast
             and
             Bay
             ,
             The
             Company
             did
             usually
             send
             thither
             Yearly
             Five
             or
             Six
             Ships
             ,
             of
             between
             Six
             and
             Seven
             Hundred
             Tons
             each
             :
             The
             Fifth
             part
             of
             which
             ,
             returns
             Freighted
             with
             Salt-Petre
             ;
             One
             other
             Fifth
             part
             with
             Fine
             Muslins
             ,
             Floretta
             Yarn
             ,
             and
             Raw
             Silks
             ;
             The
             other
             Three
             parts
             ,
             with
             Goods
             by
             the
             Bill
             Prohibited
             :
             The
             Consequence
             of
             which
             must
             be
             ,
             That
             the
             Trade
             to
             the
             Coast
             and
             Bay
             ,
             will
             prove
             so
             inconsiderable
             ,
             that
             it
             must
             be
             abandon'd
             ,
             and
             England
             reduc'd
             to
             buy
             all
             its
             Salt-Petre
             from
             the
             
               Scots
               ,
               Danes
            
             or
             Hollanders
             .
          
           
             I
             take
             Our
             home
             Consumption
             ,
             which
             is
             half
             of
             the
             returns
             of
             the
             Prime
             Cost
             sent
             to
             India
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             main
             Foundation
             upon
             which
             the
             Trade
             stands
             ,
             especially
             ,
             in
             a
             Time
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             'T
             is
             that
             alone
             can
             bear
             the
             Incident
             Charges
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             Expences
             abroad
             ,
             necessary
             for
             the
             Support
             of
             so
             large
             a
             Traffick
             ;
             And
             't
             is
             that
             onely
             ,
             can
             enable
             any
             Company
             to
             indure
             Losses
             at
             Sea
             ,
             by
             Storm
             ,
             or
             a
             Foreign
             Enemy
             .
          
           
             What
             Encouragement
             can
             there
             be
             to
             go
             on
             with
             so
             vast
             a
             Business
             ,
             if
             our
             Merchants
             must
             singly
             depend
             upon
             the
             Markets
             abroad
             ?
             One
             Country
             ,
             to
             advance
             their
             Own
             Manufactures
             ,
             may
             prohibit
             Our
             
             Goods
             ,
             The
             Hollanders
             will
             buy
             'em
             up
             at
             their
             own
             Rates
             ,
             when
             their
             Use
             is
             forbidden
             here
             ,
             And
             they
             will
             be
             a
             Drug
             ,
             and
             blown
             upon
             ,
             all
             Over
             Europe
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             great
             difference
             between
             a
             Merchants
             having
             a
             Choice
             ,
             or
             a
             Necessity
             to
             sell
             his
             Ware.
             In
             one
             Case
             he
             may
             in
             some
             Measure
             make
             his
             own
             Price
             ,
             In
             the
             Other
             he
             must
             take
             what
             is
             offer'd
             .
          
           
             To
             speak
             generally
             ,
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             is
             profitable
             to
             the
             Adventurers
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             ;
             but
             rarely
             so
             in
             seasons
             of
             War
             and
             Trouble
             .
             In
             time
             of
             Peace
             They
             enrich
             their
             Country
             by
             a
             Foreign
             Vent
             and
             Exportation
             of
             their
             Goods
             ,
             and
             in
             time
             of
             War
             ,
             the
             home
             Consumption
             chiefly
             enables
             'em
             to
             support
             and
             carry
             on
             their
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             Your
             Lordships
             may
             see
             all
             along
             in
             this
             Discourse
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             my
             Opinion
             ,
             They
             do
             not
             interfere
             with
             such
             Manufactures
             as
             't
             is
             the
             Interest
             of
             England
             to
             promote
             and
             encourage
             :
             But
             though
             the
             prohibited
             East-India
             Goods
             did
             greatly
             prejudice
             our
             own
             Product
             and
             Manufacture
             ;
             yet
             I
             do
             not
             think
             a
             Prohibition
             of
             'em
             at
             all
             adviseable
             ,
             during
             the
             War
             ,
             for
             these
             Reasons
             :
          
           
             First
             ,
             Our
             Condition
             is
             so
             weak
             ,
             that
             we
             cannot
             struggle
             with
             any
             the
             bad
             Events
             ,
             with
             which
             a
             new
             Council
             may
             be
             attended
             .
          
           
           
             Secondly
             ,
             If
             to
             their
             Losses
             at
             Sea
             ,
             their
             Misfortunes
             in
             India
             on
             the
             Score
             of
             
             Every's
             Pyracy
             ,
             and
             their
             want
             of
             Money
             ,
             arising
             from
             the
             general
             Want
             of
             Species
             in
             the
             Nation
             ,
             A
             Prohibition
             of
             the
             Consumption
             of
             so
             many
             of
             their
             Goods
             be
             likewise
             added
             ;
             'T
             is
             to
             be
             apprehended
             ,
             That
             upon
             such
             a
             discouragement
             ,
             the
             Traders
             to
             those
             Parts
             ,
             will
             by
             degrees
             withdraw
             from
             thence
             ,
             their
             Effects
             ,
             and
             Stock
             ,
             and
             quite
             abandon
             the
             whole
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             If
             this
             should
             happen
             ,
             and
             ,
             that
             either
             through
             Sullenness
             ,
             Or
             because
             the
             Prohibition
             does
             really
             bring
             insuperable
             difficulties
             ,
             Our
             Merchants
             should
             actually
             quit
             the
             Trade
             ;
             The
             Dutch
             ,
             Our
             Rivals
             in
             all
             other
             Traffick
             ,
             will
             certainly
             seize
             the
             Derelict
             .
             And
             such
             an
             Addition
             to
             their
             Riches
             and
             Power
             at
             Sea
             ,
             can
             by
             no
             means
             be
             consistent
             with
             the
             Welfare
             ,
             and
             Safety
             of
             this
             Nation
             .
          
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
           
             In
             this
             Discourse
             (
             which
             proves
             much
             longer
             than
             I
             intended
             )
             I
             have
             endeavour'd
             to
             show
             your
             Lordship
             ,
             First
             ,
             That
             this
             Trade
             is
             Beneficial
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             't
             is
             not
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             General
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             of
             England
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             it
             does
             not
             so
             interfere
             with
             
             Our
             Silk
             and
             Linnen
             Manufactures
             ,
             as
             to
             hurt
             the
             Publick
             .
             Fourthly
             ,
             That
             the
             intended
             Prohibitions
             may
             probably
             occasion
             an
             utter
             Loss
             of
             the
             whole
             Traffick
             .
          
           
             No
             Alteration
             in
             so
             considerable
             a
             Branch
             of
             our
             Foreign
             Commerce
             should
             be
             attempted
             ,
             unless
             the
             whole
             matter
             had
             been
             for
             many
             Months
             consider'd
             maturely
             ,
             by
             a
             Council
             of
             Trade
             ,
             composed
             of
             the
             ablest
             Men
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             And
             I
             will
             venture
             to
             affirm
             ,
             That
             no
             sound
             Judgment
             can
             be
             made
             in
             things
             of
             this
             Nature
             ,
             without
             contemplating
             the
             universal
             Posture
             and
             Business
             of
             the
             Nation
             :
             And
             when
             so
             important
             Deliberations
             are
             a-foot
             ,
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             People
             should
             be
             examin'd
             ,
             Their
             annual
             Consumption
             both
             of
             Home
             and
             Foreign
             Materials
             should
             be
             well
             stated
             ,
             The
             ready
             Money
             and
             other
             Stock
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             should
             be
             inquired
             into
             ,
             The
             Sum
             of
             Money
             and
             Hands
             employ'd
             in
             every
             distinct
             Trade
             ,
             should
             be
             duly
             contemplated
             ;
             And
             upon
             such
             a
             general
             Inspection
             and
             View
             of
             the
             whole
             ,
             we
             might
             be
             Ripe
             to
             deliberate
             on
             any
             single
             Point
             .
          
           
             Any
             false
             Measures
             and
             rash
             Councils
             in
             Affairs
             so
             important
             ,
             are
             hardly
             capable
             of
             a
             future
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             have
             in
             their
             Possession
             all
             the
             Spice
             Islands
             ,
             which
             they
             have
             strongly
             
             fortified
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             means
             they
             lay
             a
             kind
             of
             Excise
             upon
             those
             necessary
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             all
             Europe
             is
             forced
             to
             pay
             .
          
           
             By
             the
             seizing
             of
             Bantam
             they
             have
             got
             almost
             Three
             Parts
             in
             Four
             of
             the
             Pepper-Trade
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   Tuns
                
              
               
                 
                   Brought
                   into
                   Europe
                   since
                   the
                   Loss
                   of
                   Bantam
                   ,
                   and
                   before
                   the
                   present
                   War
                   
                     (
                     Communibus
                     Annis
                  
                   )
                   of
                   Pepper
                   about
                   —
                
                 
                   5000
                
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   which
                   Imported
                   by
                   the
                   French
                   and
                   Danes
                   about
                   —
                
                 
                   500
                
              
               
                 
                   By
                   the
                   English
                   about
                   —
                
                 
                   900
                
              
               
                 
                   By
                   the
                   Dutch
                   about
                   —
                
                 
                   3600
                
              
               
                 
                   Total
                   —
                
                 
                   5000
                
              
            
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             ,
             at
             this
             time
             are
             very
             Powerful
             in
             India
             :
             They
             have
             many
             Good
             Forts
             and
             Castles
             well
             provided
             ,
             and
             large
             Colonies
             of
             Men
             ;
             And
             They
             can
             ,
             upon
             any
             Occasion
             ,
             call
             together
             there
             40
             strong
             Frigates
             :
             So
             that
             if
             it
             agreed
             with
             the
             present
             Circumstances
             of
             their
             Affairs
             in
             Europe
             ,
             or
             with
             the
             Nature
             of
             the
             Alliance
             they
             are
             engag'd
             in
             ,
             'T
             is
             undoubtedly
             in
             their
             Power
             ,
             to
             Engross
             this
             rich
             Traffick
             wholly
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             to
             expel
             us
             for
             ever
             from
             those
             Countreys
             .
          
           
           
             Perhaps
             they
             may
             not
             think
             it
             a
             safe
             advice
             ,
             to
             attempt
             doing
             this
             by
             Force
             ,
             but
             we
             shall
             have
             no
             reason
             to
             complain
             ,
             If
             they
             take
             in
             hand
             ,
             what
             we
             give
             over
             and
             abandon
             .
          
           
             But
             suppose
             they
             should
             drive
             us
             from
             thence
             by
             force
             of
             Arms
             ,
             Or
             that
             we
             should
             quit
             the
             Trade
             to
             them
             through
             Negligence
             and
             Folly
             ,
             It
             will
             be
             worth
             while
             to
             consider
             ,
             what
             addition
             of
             Wealth
             and
             Strength
             ,
             an
             intire
             Monopoly
             of
             East-India
             Goods
             may
             prove
             to
             that
             Common-wealth
             .
          
           
             And
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             if
             I
             am
             not
             much
             deceiv'd
             in
             Political
             Arithmetick
             ,
             It
             would
             bring
             Yearly
             a
             much
             greater
             Mass
             of
             Treasure
             to
             the
             United
             Provinces
             than
             is
             brought
             into
             Europe
             from
             the
             Mines
             of
             Peru
             and
             Mexico
             .
          
           
             This
             side
             of
             the
             World
             is
             so
             fond
             of
             those
             Vanities
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             could
             be
             had
             but
             at
             One
             Market
             ,
             such
             a
             Market
             might
             ,
             by
             their
             Means
             ,
             draw
             from
             the
             rest
             of
             Europe
             ,
             continually
             
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             at
             least
             Six
             Millions
             .
          
           
             To
             prove
             this
             Assertion
             ,
             will
             take
             up
             more
             time
             than
             consists
             with
             the
             Brevity
             intended
             in
             this
             Discourse
             ,
             I
             shall
             therefore
             onely
             give
             one
             Instance
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             of
             Pepper
             ,
             by
             which
             some
             Judgment
             may
             be
             made
             of
             all
             the
             other
             Commodities
             .
          
           
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
                 
                   s.
                   
                
                 
                   d.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Pepper
                   5000
                   Tuns
                   at
                   2
                   
                     d.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   Cost
                   the
                   Dutch
                   in
                   India
                   amounts
                   to
                   —
                
                 
                   74,666
                
                 
                   13
                
                 
                   4
                
              
               
                 
                   Add
                   to
                   this
                   3
                   
                     d.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   for
                   Freight
                   into
                   Holland
                   ,
                   then
                   it
                   costs
                   5
                   
                     d.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   which
                   amounts
                   to
                   —
                
                 
                   186,666
                
                 
                   13
                
                 
                   4
                
              
               
                 
                   Ditto
                   5000
                   Tons
                   sold
                   in
                   Holland
                   at
                   12
                   
                     d.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   the
                   profit
                   being
                   7
                   
                     d.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   will
                   amount
                   to
                   —
                
                 
                   261,333
                
                 
                   6
                
                 
                   8
                
              
            
          
           
             But
             this
             Commodity
             is
             grown
             so
             necessary
             ,
             and
             has
             so
             obtain'd
             ,
             and
             is
             of
             such
             general
             Use
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             be
             sold
             in
             Holland
             at
             Six
             Shillings
             
               per
               l.
            
             which
             is
             less
             than
             any
             of
             the
             other
             Spices
             ,
             as
             Cheap
             in
             India
             as
             Pepper
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   l.
                   
                
                 
                   s.
                   
                
                 
                   d.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Then
                   5000
                   Tons
                   sold
                   in
                   Holland
                   at
                   6
                   
                     s.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   the
                   profit
                   being
                   5
                   s.
                   7
                   
                     d.
                     per
                     l.
                  
                   will
                   amount
                   to
                   —
                
                 
                   2,498,836
                
                 
                   13
                
                 
                   4
                
              
            
          
           
             If
             from
             the
             Single
             Article
             of
             Pepper
             ,
             such
             a
             Sum
             as
             2,498,836
             l.
             may
             be
             rais'd
             ,
             It
             will
             not
             be
             difficult
             to
             conceive
             ,
             That
             by
             raising
             the
             Price
             of
             other
             Spices
             ,
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             Callicoes
             ,
             Raw
             Silks
             ,
             Salt
             Petre
             ,
             and
             other
             Indian
             Goods
             ,
             the
             Hollanders
             by
             an
             entire
             Monopoly
             of
             this
             Trade
             ,
             may
             drein
             the
             rest
             of
             Europe
             ,
             every
             Year
             ,
             of
             ,
             at
             least
             ,
             Six
             Millions
             .
          
           
           
             Considering
             their
             Naval
             Force
             ,
             and
             their
             Competition
             with
             us
             in
             Trade
             ,
             Such
             an
             addition
             of
             Wealth
             must
             make
             them
             a
             very
             Formidable
             People
             .
          
           
             And
             though
             they
             may
             not
             peradventure
             turn
             their
             Strength
             to
             hurt
             the
             Traffick
             or
             Peace
             of
             England
             ,
             yet
             ,
             't
             is
             no
             very
             remote
             fear
             ,
             to
             apprehend
             That
             notwithstanding
             all
             their
             Riches
             ,
             they
             may
             at
             last
             become
             a
             Prey
             to
             France
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             the
             French
             ,
             with
             the
             Dutch
             Shipping
             in
             their
             right
             ,
             and
             as
             their
             Lords
             ,
             should
             once
             become
             Masters
             of
             this
             Rich
             Trade
             ,
             such
             an
             Accession
             to
             that
             Wise
             ,
             Well
             Peopled
             ,
             and
             Large
             Empire
             ,
             must
             prove
             our
             Ruin.
             
          
           
             And
             I
             must
             here
             take
             Notice
             ,
             That
             (
             as
             I
             am
             inform'd
             )
             all
             the
             Salt-Petre
             ,
             produc'd
             in
             this
             side
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             is
             not
             sufficient
             to
             take
             such
             a
             Place
             of
             Strength
             as
             Dunkirk
             .
             If
             the
             Fact
             be
             so
             ,
             as
             War
             is
             made
             now
             ,
             must
             not
             whatever
             Country
             can
             obtain
             the
             sole
             Trade
             to
             India
             ,
             and
             the
             Monopoly
             of
             that
             Commodity
             ,
             give
             Laws
             to
             the
             rest
             of
             Europe
             ?
          
           
             The
             principal
             Care
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             incumbent
             upon
             Persons
             in
             Your
             Station
             ,
             is
             very
             Cautiously
             to
             weigh
             New
             Councils
             ,
             to
             which
             You
             are
             adapted
             by
             Nature
             and
             Practice
             .
          
           
           
             Wise
             Men
             will
             never
             engage
             in
             Rash
             Advices
             ;
             from
             whence
             ,
             if
             they
             succeed
             not
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             good
             Retreat
             :
             And
             ,
             Empericks
             of
             State
             only
             ,
             will
             be
             tampering
             at
             every
             turn
             ,
             with
             the
             Body
             Politick
             ,
             and
             venturing
             upon
             bold
             and
             unsafe
             Remedies
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             Common
             People
             want
             Work
             ,
             That
             there
             is
             a
             general
             deadness
             of
             Trade
             ,
             And
             that
             our
             Home
             Manufactures
             are
             in
             an
             ill
             Condition
             ,
             must
             certainly
             be
             granted
             ;
             But
             these
             Mischiefs
             proceed
             not
             from
             the
             Importation
             of
             East-India
             Goods
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             plainly
             assign'd
             to
             other
             Causes
             .
          
           
             UPON
             the
             Whole
             Matter
             ,
             My
             Lord
             ,
             I
             am
             of
             Opinion
             (
             with
             Submission
             to
             better
             Judgments
             )
             that
             the
             intended
             Prohibitions
             of
             East-India
             and
             Persia
             Wrought
             Silks
             ,
             &c.
             will
             be
             destructive
             to
             the
             Trade
             in
             General
             ,
             and
             hazard
             its
             being
             utterly
             lost
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
           
        
      
    
     
  

