







 
   
     
       
         Profitable instructions describing what speciall obseruations are to be taken by trauellers in all nations, states and countries; pleasant and profitable. By the three much admired, Robert, late Earle of Essex. Sir Philip Sidney. And, Secretary Davison.
         Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 1566-1601.
      
       
         
           1633
        
      
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         ESTC S109627
         99845274
         99845274
         10163
         
           
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             Profitable instructions describing what speciall obseruations are to be taken by trauellers in all nations, states and countries; pleasant and profitable. By the three much admired, Robert, late Earle of Essex. Sir Philip Sidney. And, Secretary Davison.
             Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 1566-1601.
             Sidney, Philip, Sir, 1554-1586. aut
             Davison, William, 1541?-1608. aut
          
           [18], 103, [1] p.
           
             Printed [by John Beale?] for Beniamin Fisher, at the signe of the Talbot, without Aldersgate,
             London :
             1633.
          
           
             Printer's name conjectured by STC.
             "Two excellent letters concerning travell" has separate dated title page; pagination and register are continuous.
             Running title reads: Excellent instructions for trauellers.
             The preface is unsigned. Variant: preface signed: B.F., i.e. Benjamin Fisher.
             Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Travel -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           PROFITABLE
           Instructions
           ;
        
         
           Describing
           what
           speciall
           Obseruations
           are
           to
           be
           taken
           by
           
             Trauellers
             in
             all
             Nations
          
           ,
           States
           and
           Countries
           ;
           Pleasant
           and
           Profitable
           .
        
         
           
             By
             the
             three
             much
             admired
          
           ,
           ROBERT
           ,
           late
           Earle
           o●
           Essex
           .
           Sir
           PHILIP
           SIDNEY
           ,
           And
           ,
           Secretary
           DAVISON
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             Beniamin
             Fisher
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Signe
           of
           the
           Talbot
           ,
           without
           Aldersgate
           .
           1633.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           IT
           hath
           bin
           lately
           maintained
           in
           an
           Academicall
           Dispute
           ,
           That
           the
           best
           travailing
           is
           in
           
           maps
           and
           good
           Authours
           :
           because
           thereby
           a
           man
           may
           take
           a
           view
           of
           the
           state
           and
           manners
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           and
           neuer
           mix
           with
           the
           corruptions
           of
           it
           .
           A
           pleasing
           opinion
           for
           solitary
           prisoners
           ,
           who
           may
           
           thus
           travell
           ouer
           the
           world
           ,
           though
           confined
           to
           a
           dungeon
           .
           And
           ,
           indeed
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           good
           way
           to
           keepe
           a
           man
           innocent
           ;
           but
           withall
           as
           Ignorant
           .
           Our
           sedentary
           Traueller
           may
           passe
           for
           a
           wise
           man
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           hee
           
           converseth
           either
           with
           dead
           men
           by
           reading
           ;
           or
           by
           writing
           ,
           with
           men
           absent
           .
           But
           let
           him
           once
           enter
           on
           the
           stage
           of
           publike
           imployment
           ,
           and
           hee
           will
           soone
           find
           ,
           if
           he
           can
           bee
           but
           sensible
           of
           contempt
           ,
           that
           he
           
           is
           vnfit
           for
           Action
           .
           For
           ability
           to
           treat
           with
           men
           of
           seueral
           humours
           ,
           factions
           ,
           and
           Countries
           ;
           duly
           to
           comply
           with
           thē
           ,
           or
           stand
           off
           ,
           as
           occasion
           shall
           require
           ,
           is
           not
           gotten
           onely
           byreading
           of
           books
           ,
           but
           rather
           by
           studying
           
           of
           men
           .
           Yet
           this
           euer
           holdstrue
           ;
           The
           best
           scholler
           is
           fittest
           for
           a
           Traueller
           ,
           as
           being
           able
           to
           make
           the
           most
           vseful
           obseruation
           :
           Experience
           added
           to
           learning
           ,
           makes
           a
           perfect
           Man.
           
        
         
           It
           must
           ,
           therfore
           ,
           
           be
           confessed
           ,
           That
           to
           fit
           men
           for
           Negotiation
           ,
           the
           visiting
           of
           forraine
           Countries
           is
           most
           necessary
           :
           This
           kingdom
           iustly
           glories
           in
           many
           noble
           Instruments
           ,
           whose
           Abilities
           haue
           been
           perfitted
           by
           that
           
           meanes
           .
           But
           withall
           it
           cannot
           bee
           denied
           ,
           that
           many
           men
           while
           they
           ayme
           at
           this
           fitnesse
           make
           themselus
           vnfit
           for
           any
           thing
           ▪
           Some
           goe
           ouer
           full
           of
           good
           qualitie
           ,
           and
           better
           hopes
           ;
           who
           ,
           hauing
           as
           it
           were
           emptied
           
           themselues
           in
           other
           places
           ,
           return
           laden
           with
           nothing
           but
           the
           vices
           ,
           if
           not
           the
           diseases
           of
           the
           Countries
           which
           they
           haue
           seene
           .
           And
           ,
           which
           is
           most
           to
           bee
           pittied
           ,
           they
           are
           commonly
           the
           best
           wits
           ,
           and
           purest
           receptacles
           
           of
           sound
           knowledge
           ,
           that
           are
           thus
           corrupted
           .
           Whether
           it
           be
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           more
           eagerly
           assaulted
           with
           vice
           then
           others
           ;
           or
           whether
           they
           doe
           more
           easily
           admit
           any
           obuiousimpression
           :
           howeuer
           it
           be
           ;
           
           fit
           it
           is
           ,
           That
           all
           young
           Trauellers
           should
           receine
           an
           Antidot
           against
           the
           infectious
           Ayre
           of
           other
           Countries
           .
        
         
           For
           this
           purpose
           ,
           diuers
           learned
           men
           haue
           prescribed
           rules
           and
           precepts
           :
           which
           haue
           done
           
           much
           good
           ,
           howeuer
           in
           many
           things
           defectiue
           .
           For
           as
           hee
           that
           read
           a
           Lecture
           to
           Hannibal
           of
           the
           Art
           of
           war
           ,
           shewed
           that
           himself
           was
           no
           souldier
           ,
           and
           therefore
           vnfit
           to
           teach
           a
           great
           Commander
           :
           so
           He
           ,
           that
           neuer
           
           trauelled
           but
           in
           his
           Books
           ,
           can
           hardly
           shew
           his
           learning
           ,
           without
           manifestation
           of
           his
           want
           of
           experience
           .
        
         
           It
           hath
           therefore
           been
           much
           desired
           ,
           that
           some
           men
           who
           had
           themselues
           bin
           Trauellers
           ,
           &
           had
           
           made
           lest
           vse
           of
           their
           trauels
           ,
           would
           giue
           some
           vnfailing
           directions
           to
           others
           .
           Such
           are
           here
           presented
           to
           thee
           ;
           &
           in
           such
           a
           volume
           ,
           as
           they
           may
           be
           an
           helpful
           ,
           though
           vnchargeable
           cōpanion
           of
           thy
           trauell
           .
           Pitty
           it
           
           is
           that
           such
           monuments
           of
           wisedome
           shold
           haue
           perished
           for
           the
           Authours
           sakes
           :
           men
           famous
           in
           their
           times
           for
           learning
           ,
           experiēce
           nobility
           ,
           &
           greatnesse
           of
           place
           ;
           but
           the
           losse
           would
           haue
           beene
           thine
           ,
           which
           
           maist
           now
           reap
           the
           benefit
           .
           Thy
           fauorable
           acceptance
           may
           occasion
           others
           to
           publish
           larger
           peeces
           of
           this
           kind
           ,
           to
           the
           increase
           of
           their
           own
           honor
           ,
           because
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           noble
           youth
           of
           this
           florishing
           kingdome
           .
        
         
           
             B.
             F.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             
             
               MOST
               NOTABLE
               AND
               EXCELLENT
               INSTRVCTIONS
               FOR
               Trauellers
               .
            
             
               FOr
               your
               better
               information
               in
               the
               state
               of
               any
               Prince
               ,
               or
               Country
               ,
               it
               shall
               bee
               necessary
               for
               you
               to
               obserue
               ,
            
             
               
               
                 1
                 The
                 Countrey
                 .
              
               
                 2
                 The
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 The
                 policy
                 and
                 gouernment
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 the
                 Country
                 you
                 are
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   I.
                   The
                   scituation
                   &
                   nature
                   therof
                   ;
                   As
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   
                     
                       1
                       Island
                       ,
                       or
                       continent
                       ;
                       neere
                       ,
                       or
                       far
                       frō
                       thesea
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Plaine
                       ,
                       or
                       hilly
                       ;
                       full
                       or
                       scarce
                       of
                       Riuers
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                   II
                   Quantity
                   ,
                   
                     
                       1
                       length
                       ,
                    
                     
                       2
                       bredth
                       ,
                    
                     
                       3
                       circuit
                       ,
                    
                  
                   where
                   
                     
                       also
                       the
                       
                         
                           1
                           Forme
                           .
                        
                         
                           2
                           climat
                           ,
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       III.
                       How
                       it
                       confineth
                       with
                       other
                       Countries
                       ;
                       and
                       ▪
                       
                         
                           1
                           What
                           these
                           Countrie
                           are
                           ,
                        
                         
                           2
                           What
                           their
                           strength
                           and
                           riches
                           are
                           .
                        
                         
                           3
                           Wherein
                           they
                           consist
                           .
                        
                         
                           4
                           Whether
                           friends
                           or
                           enemies
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       IIII.
                       The
                       fertility
                       thereof
                       ,
                       and
                       
                       what
                       commodities
                       it
                       doth
                       either
                       ,
                       
                         
                           1
                           Yeeld
                           and
                           bring
                           forth
                           ,
                           and
                           what
                           part
                           thereof
                           hath
                           bin
                           
                             
                               or
                               is
                               
                                 
                                   1.
                                   
                                   Consumed
                                   at
                                   home
                                   .
                                
                                 
                                   2.
                                   
                                   Vented
                                   abroad
                                
                              
                            
                          
                        
                         
                           2
                           Want
                           ;
                           and
                           how
                           ,
                           and
                           from
                           whence
                           it
                           is
                           supplyed
                           .
                        
                      
                       1.
                       
                       Nature
                       .
                    
                     
                       V.
                       Of
                       what
                       strength
                       it
                       is
                       and
                       how
                       defended
                       against
                       the
                       attempts
                       of
                       bordering
                       neighbors
                       ,
                       either
                       by
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 1
                                 Sea
                                 ,
                                 where
                                 may
                                 be
                                 obserued
                                 what
                              
                            
                          
                           
                             
                               
                                 I
                                 Ports
                                 &
                                 hauens
                                 it
                                 hath
                                 ,
                                 &
                                 of
                                 what
                              
                               
                                 2
                                 Other
                                 defence
                                 vpon
                                 the
                                 Coast.
                                 
                              
                            
                          
                           
                             
                               
                                 1
                                 Accesse
                              
                               
                                 2
                                 Capacity
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 3
                                 Traffik
                              
                               
                                 4
                                 Shipping
                                 .
                              
                            
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 2
                                 Land
                                 ,
                                 what
                                 
                                   
                                     1
                                     Mountaines
                                     ,
                                  
                                   
                                     2
                                     Riuers
                                     ,
                                  
                                   
                                     3
                                     Marishes
                                     ,
                                  
                                   
                                     4
                                     Woods
                                     .
                                  
                                
                              
                            
                          
                        
                      
                       
                       2
                       Art
                       :
                       
                         As
                         what
                         Cities
                         ,
                         Townes
                         ,
                         Castles
                         ,
                         &c.
                         it
                         hath
                         either
                         within
                         the
                         Land
                         ,
                         or
                         vpon
                         the
                         Frontiers
                         :
                         And
                         how
                         they
                         are
                      
                       
                         
                           1
                           Fortified
                           .
                        
                         
                           2
                           Peopled
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       VI.
                       What
                       Vniuersities
                       or
                       places
                       of
                       learning
                       it
                       hath
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       what
                       
                         
                           1
                           Foundation
                           ,
                        
                         
                           2
                           Reuenue
                           ,
                        
                         
                           3
                           Profession
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       VII
                       .
                       What
                       Countries
                       and
                       
                       Prouinces
                       are
                       subiect
                       thereunto
                       ;
                       And
                       what
                       
                         
                           1
                           The
                           same
                           containe
                           in
                           
                             
                               1
                               quantity
                            
                             
                               2
                               quality
                               .
                            
                          
                        
                         
                           2
                           People
                           are
                           for
                           
                             
                               1
                               Number
                               ,
                            
                             
                               2
                               Affection
                            
                          
                        
                         
                           3
                           The
                           form
                           of
                           gouernment
                           ,
                           and
                           by
                           whom
                           administred
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 
                   I.
                   Theire
                   number
                   ;
                   As
                   whether
                   
                   they
                   be
                   ,
                   
                     
                       1
                       Many
                       ,
                    
                     
                       2
                       Few
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   II.
                   Quality
                   :
                   As
                   ,
                   
                     Their
                     trade
                     and
                     kind
                     of
                     life
                     whereunto
                     they
                     giue
                     themselues
                     ,
                     and
                     whereby
                     they
                     liue
                     ;
                     As
                     whether
                     by
                  
                   
                     
                       1
                       Exercise
                       of
                       
                         
                           1
                           Mechanicall
                           arts
                           and
                           merchandizes
                           .
                        
                         
                           2
                           Husbandry
                        
                         
                           3
                           Armes
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       2
                       Their
                       rents
                       and
                       reuenues
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   III.
                   Kinds
                   and
                   degrees
                   .
                   
                   
                     
                       1
                       Natiues
                       
                         
                           1
                           Noble
                           ,
                        
                         
                           2
                           Not
                           noble
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       2
                       Strangers
                       
                         
                           1
                           Denizens
                           .
                        
                         
                           2
                           no
                           denizēs
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 1
                 Noble
                 .
              
               
                 Generally
                 as
                 their
              
               
                 
                   1
                   Number
                   ,
                
                 
                   2
                   Qualitie
                   and
                   degree
                   of
                   Nobility
                   ,
                
                 
                   3
                   Residance
                   and
                   place
                   of
                   aboade
                   ,
                
                 
                   4
                   Religion
                   ,
                
                 
                   5
                   Gifts
                   of
                   bodie
                   and
                   mind
                   ,
                   
                   
                     
                       where
                       also
                       their
                       
                         
                           1
                           Vertues
                           ,
                        
                         
                           2
                           Vices
                           ,
                        
                         
                           3
                           Studies
                           ,
                        
                         
                           4
                           Exercises
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
                 
                   6
                   Profession
                   of
                   life
                   ,
                   
                     
                       1
                       Ciuill
                       ,
                    
                     
                       2
                       Materiall
                       ,
                    
                  
                
                 
                   7
                   Meanes
                   wherein
                   are
                   
                     
                       1
                       Their
                       reuenues
                       and
                       commings
                       in
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Their
                       issuings
                       and
                       goings
                       out
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   8
                   Offices
                   and
                   Authority
                   they
                   beare
                   in
                   the
                   State.
                   
                
                 
                   
                   9
                   Credit
                   and
                   fauour
                   ,
                   or
                   di●fauour
                   with
                   the
                   
                     
                       1
                       Prince
                       ,
                    
                     
                       2
                       People
                       .
                       And
                       vpon
                       what
                       cause
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   10
                   Factions
                   and
                   partialities
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   be
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   grounds
                   causes
                   ;
                   and
                   proceedings
                   thereof
                   ,
                   2
                   Particularly
                   ,
                   As
                   their
                   
                     
                       1
                       Original
                       ,
                       Antiquity
                       ,
                       Arms.
                       
                    
                     
                       2
                       Names
                       &
                       titles
                       of
                       dignities
                    
                     
                       3
                       Alliances
                       ,
                       Off-springs
                       ,
                       Genealogies
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 Thirdly
                 the
                 Policy
                 and
                 Gouernment
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Policy
                 and
                 gouernment
                 falleth
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 ,
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     The
                     Lawes
                     whereby
                     it
                     is
                     gouerned
                     .
                  
                   
                     2
                     Persons
                     that
                     gouerne
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Lawes
                 you
                 haue
                 to
                 note
                 ,
                 
                   
                     I.
                     Their
                     kindes
                     ;
                     As
                     ,
                     
                       
                         1
                         Ciuill
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Canon
                         or
                         municipal
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     II.
                     Their
                     conformity
                     with
                     the
                     nature
                     of
                     the
                     people
                     .
                  
                
              
               
               
                 The
                 persons
                 that
                 gouerne
                 are
                 the
                 magistrates
                 ,
                 
                   
                     1
                     Soueraigne
                     .
                  
                   
                     2
                     Subalternall
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 The
                 Soueraigne
                 is
                 either
                 
                   
                     1
                     One
                     ,
                     as
                     a
                     monarch
                     .
                  
                   
                     2
                     More
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       
                         1
                         Optimates
                         or
                         magmagnates
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Popular
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 former
                 may
                 be
                 comprehended
                 
                   
                     I.
                     The
                     meanes
                     whereby
                     hee
                     attaineth
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     whether
                     
                     by
                     soueraignty
                     ,
                     As
                     ,
                     
                       
                         1
                         Succession
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Election
                         .
                      
                       
                         3
                         Vsurpation
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     II.
                     How
                     he
                     doth
                     carry
                     him selfe
                     in
                     administration
                     therof
                     ,
                     where
                     may
                     be
                     obserued
                     ,
                     
                       
                         1
                         His
                         Court.
                         
                      
                       
                         2
                         His
                         wisdome
                         .
                      
                       
                         3
                         His
                         inclination
                         to
                         
                           
                             1
                             Peace
                             .
                          
                           
                             2.
                             
                             Warre
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         4
                         How
                         hee
                         is
                         beloued
                         
                         or
                         feared
                         of
                         his
                         
                           
                             1
                             People
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Neighbours
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         5
                         His
                         designements
                         ,
                         enterprizes
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                       
                         6
                         His
                         disposition
                         ,
                         studies
                         ,
                         and
                         exercises
                         of
                         
                           
                             1.
                             
                             Body
                             .
                          
                           
                             2.
                             
                             Mind
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         7
                         His
                         Fauourites
                         .
                      
                       
                         8
                         The
                         confidence
                         or
                         distrust
                         he
                         hath
                         in
                         his
                         people
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 concerne
                 
                 his
                 estate
                 fal
                 chiefly
                 to
                 be
                 confidered
                 ,
                 
                   
                     I
                     His
                     Reuenues
                     ,
                     
                       
                         1
                         Ordinary
                         ,
                      
                       
                         2
                         Extraordinary
                         ,
                         abroad
                         and
                         at
                         home
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     3
                     In
                     his
                     friends
                     and
                     Consederacies
                     you
                     are
                     to
                     consider
                     how
                     and
                     vpon
                     what
                     respects
                     they
                     are
                     leagued
                     with
                     him
                     ;
                     what
                     help
                     ,
                     succour
                     ,
                     and
                     commodity
                     he
                     ,
                     hath
                     had
                     ,
                     or
                     expecteth
                     from
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     vpon
                     what
                     ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                     4
                     His
                     power
                     and
                     strength
                     for
                     offence
                     and
                     defence
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     measured
                     by
                     the
                     
                       
                         1
                         Strength
                         of
                         his
                         Country
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Number
                         and
                         quality
                         of
                         his
                         forces
                         ,
                         for
                         
                           
                             1
                             Nature
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Art.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         1
                         Commanders
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Souldiers
                         .
                         
                           
                             1
                             Horse
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Foot.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         3
                         Magazin
                         &
                         prouisions
                         for
                         his
                         wars
                         ,
                         either
                         by
                         
                         
                           
                             1
                             Sea.
                             
                          
                           
                             2
                             Land.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         4
                         Warres
                         he
                         hath
                         made
                         in
                         times
                         past
                         are
                         to
                         bee
                         considered
                         the
                         
                           
                             1
                             Time
                             ,
                          
                           
                             2
                             Cause
                             ,
                          
                           
                             3
                             Precedency
                             ,
                          
                           
                             4
                             Successe
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 The
                 subalterne
                 Magistrate
                 is
                 either
                 ,
                 
                   
                     1
                     Ecclesiasticall
                     ,
                  
                   
                     2
                     Ciuill
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Vnder
                 the
                 titles
                 of
                 the
                 Ecclesiasticall
                 
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 note
                 ,
                 
                   
                     1
                     The
                     Religion
                     publikely
                     profest
                     ,
                     the
                     forme
                     and
                     gouernment
                     of
                     the
                     Church
                     .
                  
                   
                     2
                     The
                     persons
                     imployed
                     therein
                     ,
                     as
                     ,
                     
                       
                         1
                         Archbishops
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Bishops
                         .
                      
                       
                         3
                         Deanes
                         ,
                         with
                         the
                      
                       
                         4
                         Abbots
                         
                           
                             1
                             Number
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Degree
                             .
                          
                           
                             3
                             Offices
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                             4
                             Authority
                             .
                          
                           
                             5
                             Qualities
                             .
                          
                           
                             6
                             Reuenues
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 The
                 Ciuill
                 Magistrates
                 subalternall
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 which
                 vnder
                 the
                 Soueraigne
                 haue
                 Administration
                 of
                 
                   
                     1
                     The
                     State
                     ▪
                  
                   
                     2
                     Iustice.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 that
                 haue
                 the
                 managing
                 of
                 the
                 state
                 follow
                 chiefly
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 ,
                 
                   
                     I.
                     The
                     Counsell
                     of
                     Estate
                     ,
                     
                     
                       
                         1
                         Ordinary
                         ,
                         attending
                         on
                         the
                         Princes
                         person
                         .
                         As
                         the
                         
                           
                             1
                             Great
                             Counsell
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Priuy
                             Counsell
                             .
                          
                           
                             3
                             Cabinet
                             Counsell
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         2
                         Extraordinary
                         ,
                         as
                         the
                         Estates
                         of
                         Parliament
                         .
                         
                           
                             1
                             Their
                             number
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Their
                             quality
                             ;
                             as
                             ,
                             
                               
                                 1
                                 Place
                                 and
                                 authoritie
                                 in
                                 Counsell
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 2
                                 Their
                                 wisdome
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 3
                                 Fidelity
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 4
                                 Credit
                                 and
                                 fauour
                                 ,
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     with
                                     
                                       
                                         1
                                         Prince
                                         .
                                      
                                       
                                         2
                                         People
                                         .
                                      
                                    
                                  
                                
                              
                            
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         II.
                         What
                         Counsels
                         of
                         
                           
                             1
                             Finances
                          
                           
                             2
                             Warres
                          
                           
                             3
                             Prouincials
                             
                               
                                 He
                                 hath
                                 ,
                                 &
                                 by
                                 whō
                                 administred
                                 .
                              
                            
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         III.
                         Lieutenants
                         and
                         Depuputies
                         of
                         Prouinces
                         ,
                         imployed
                         either
                         
                           
                             1
                             At
                             home
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Abroad
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         IIII.
                         Officers
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                         
                           
                             1
                             Admiralty
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Ordinance
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                         V.
                         Ambassadours
                         ,
                         publike
                         Ministers
                         ,
                         and
                         Intelligemors
                         ,
                         imployed
                         with
                         
                           
                             1
                             Princes
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Common-wealths
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 the
                 administration
                 of
                 Iustice
                 ,
                 you
                 haue
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   I.
                   The
                   order
                   and
                   forme
                   obserued
                   in
                   Causes
                   
                     
                       1
                       Ciuill
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Criminall
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   II.
                   The
                   persons
                   of
                   the
                   
                     
                       1
                       Presidents
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       2
                       Confederates
                       .
                    
                     
                       3
                       Aduocates
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 three
                 ,
                 occure
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 bee
                 obserued
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 Mint
                 ,
                 valuation
                 of
                 Coines
                 ,
                 Exchanges
                 ,
                 with
                 infinite
                 other
                 particularities
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 breuities
                 sake
                 Iomit
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 your selfe
                 by
                 diligent
                 reading
                 ,
                 obseruation
                 ,
                 and
                 conference
                 may
                 easily
                 supply
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
      
       
         
           
             
             
               TWO
               EXCELLENT
               LETTERS
               CONcerning
               Travell
               :
            
             
               One
               written
               by
               the
               late
               Earle
               of
               ESSEX
               ,
               the
               other
               by
               Sir
               Philip
               SIDNEY
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ;
               Printed
               for
               
                 Beniamin
                 Fisher
              
               ,
               at
               the
               Signe
               of
               the
               Talbot
               ,
               without
               Aldersgate
               .
               1633.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               The
               Late
               E.
               of
               E.
               his
               aduice
               to
               the
               E.
               of
               R.
               in
               his
               trauels
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
                 ,
              
            
             
               I
               Hold
               it
               for
               a
               principle
               in
               the
               course
               of
               Intelligence
               of
               State
               ,
               not
               to
               
               discourage
               men
               of
               meane
               capacity
               from
               writing
               vnto
               mee
               ;
               though
               I
               had
               at
               that
               same
               time
               very
               able
               aduertisements
               :
               for
               either
               they
               sent
               mee
               matter
               which
               the
               other
               omitted
               ,
               or
               made
               it
               clearer
               by
               describing
               the
               circumstances
               ,
               or
               ,
               if
               added
               nothing
               ,
               yet
               they
               confirmed
               that
               which
               comming
               
               single
               I
               might
               haue
               doubted
               .
               This
               rule
               I
               haue
               ,
               therefore
               ,
               prescribed
               to
               others
               ,
               and
               now
               giue
               it
               to
               my selfe
               .
               Your
               Lordship
               hath
               many
               friēds
               who
               haue
               more
               leisure
               to
               thinke
               ,
               and
               more
               sufficiencie
               to
               counsel
               than
               my selfe
               ;
               yet
               doth
               my
               loue
               direct
               these
               few
               lines
               to
               the
               study
               of
               you
               .
               If
               
               you
               find
               out
               nothing
               but
               that
               which
               you
               haue
               from
               others
               ;
               yet
               ,
               perhaps
               ,
               by
               the
               opinion
               of
               others
               ,
               I
               confirme
               the
               opinion
               of
               wiser
               than
               my selfe
               Your
               Lordships
               purpose
               is
               to
               trauell
               ;
               and
               your
               study
               must
               bee
               what
               vse
               to
               make
               thereof
               .
               The
               question
               is
               ordinary
               ,
               and
               there
               is
               to
               it
               an
               ordinary
               
               answer
               ;
               that
               is
               ,
               your
               Lordship
               shall
               see
               the
               beauty
               of
               many
               Cities
               ,
               know
               the
               manners
               of
               the
               people
               of
               many
               Countries
               ,
               and
               learne
               the
               language
               of
               many
               Nations
               .
               Some
               of
               these
               may
               serue
               for
               ornaments
               ,
               al
               of
               them
               for
               delight
               :
               But
               your
               Lordship
               must
               looke
               further
               than
               these
               
               things
               ;
               for
               the
               greatest
               ornament
               is
               the
               beauty
               of
               the
               minde
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               haue
               as
               great
               delight
               as
               the
               world
               can
               afford
               you
               ,
               you
               will
               confesse
               that
               the
               greatest
               delight
               is
               
                 Sentire
                 teindies
                 fieri
                 meliorum
              
               .
               Therfore
               your
               Lordships
               end
               and
               scope
               should
               be
               ,
               that
               which
               is
               morall
               Philosophy
               ,
               we
               call
               
                 Cultum
                 
                 Animi
              
               ,
               the
               gifts
               and
               excellencies
               of
               the
               mind
               .
               And
               they
               are
               the
               same
               as
               those
               are
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               Beauty
               ,
               Health
               ,
               &
               strength
               .
               The
               beauty
               of
               the
               minde
               is
               shewed
               in
               gratefull
               and
               acceptable
               forms
               and
               sweetnesse
               of
               behauiour
               ;
               and
               they
               that
               haue
               that
               gift
               ,
               cause
               those
               to
               whom
               they
               deny
               
               any
               thing
               ,
               to
               goe
               better
               contented
               away
               ,
               than
               men
               of
               contrary
               disposition
               doe
               those
               to
               whom
               they
               grant
               .
               Health
               of
               mind
               consisteth
               in
               an
               vnmoueable
               constancy
               and
               freedome
               from
               passions
               ,
               which
               are
               indeed
               the
               sicknesse
               of
               the
               mind
               ;
               strength
               of
               mind
               is
               that
               actiue
               power
               which
               maketh
               
               vs
               perform
               good
               and
               great
               things
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               health
               ,
               and
               euen
               temper
               of
               mind
               keepeth
               vs
               from
               euil
               and
               base
               things
               .
               First
               ,
               these
               three
               are
               to
               bee
               sought
               for
               ,
               although
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               men
               haue
               none
               of
               them
               .
               Some
               haue
               one
               and
               lacke
               the
               other
               two
               ;
               some
               few
               attaine
               to
               haue
               two
               of
               
               them
               ,
               and
               lacke
               the
               third
               ;
               and
               almost
               none
               of
               them
               haue
               all
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               way
               to
               attaine
               to
               experience
               of
               formes
               or
               behauiour
               ,
               is
               to
               make
               the
               minde
               it selfe
               expert
               ;
               for
               behauiour
               is
               but
               a
               garment
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               easie
               to
               make
               a
               comely
               garment
               for
               a
               body
               that
               is
               well
               proportioned
               ;
               
               whereas
               a
               deformed
               body
               can
               neuer
               bee
               helped
               by
               Taylors
               art
               ,
               but
               the
               Counterfetting
               will
               appeare
               .
               And
               in
               the
               forme
               of
               the
               minde
               it
               is
               a
               true
               rule
               ,
               that
               a
               man
               may
               mend
               his
               faults
               with
               as
               little
               labor
               as
               couer
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               way
               is
               by
               imitation
               ;
               and
               to
               that
               end
               ,
               good
               
               choyce
               is
               to
               be
               made
               with
               whom
               we
               conuerse
               .
               Therefore
               your
               Lordship
               should
               affect
               their
               companie
               whom
               you
               finde
               to
               be
               worthiest
               ,
               and
               not
               partially
               thinke
               them
               most
               worthy
               whom
               you
               affect
               .
            
             
               To
               attaine
               to
               the
               health
               of
               the
               minde
               ,
               we
               must
               vse
               the
               same
               meanes
               which
               wee
               
               doe
               for
               the
               health
               of
               our
               bodies
               ;
               that
               is
               ,
               to
               make
               obseruāce
               what
               diseases
               we
               are
               aptest
               to
               fal
               into
               ,
               and
               to
               prouide
               against
               them
               :
               for
               Physicke
               hath
               not
               more
               remedy
               against
               the
               difease
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               than
               Reason
               hath
               preseruatiues
               against
               the
               Passions
               of
               the
               mind
               .
            
             
               To
               set
               downe
               
               meanes
               how
               a
               man
               may
               attaine
               to
               the
               actiue
               power
               mentioned
               in
               this
               place
               ,
               (
               I
               meane
               strength
               of
               mind
               ,
               )
               is
               much
               harder
               then
               to
               giue
               rules
               in
               the
               other
               two
               :
               For
               behauiour
               and
               good
               forme
               may
               be
               gotten
               by
               education
               ;
               and
               health
               ,
               and
               euen
               temper
               of
               the
               minde
               ,
               by
               good
               obseruation
               ;
               
               but
               if
               there
               bee
               not
               in
               nature
               some
               partner
               in
               this
               actiue
               strēgth
               ,
               it
               can
               neuer
               be
               attained
               by
               any
               industry
               ;
               for
               the
               vertues
               that
               are
               proper
               vnto
               it
               ,
               are
               Liberality
               ,
               Magnanimity
               ,
               Fortitude
               &
               Magnificence
               :
               And
               some
               are
               by
               nature
               so
               couetous
               ,
               and
               cowardly
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               as
               much
               in
               vaine
               to
               inflame
               or
               inlarge
               
               their
               minds
               ,
               as
               to
               goe
               about
               to
               plough
               the
               Rockes
               .
               But
               where
               these
               actiue
               vertues
               are
               but
               budding
               ,
               they
               must
               bee
               repaired
               by
               ripenesse
               of
               iudgement
               ,
               and
               custome
               of
               wel-doing
               .
               Clearnesse
               of
               iudgement
               makes
               men
               liberall
               ,
               for
               it
               teacheth
               them
               to
               esteeme
               of
               the
               goods
               of
               Fortune
               ,
               
               not
               for
               themselues
               (
               for
               so
               they
               are
               but
               Iaylors
               to
               them
               )
               but
               for
               their
               vse
               ,
               for
               so
               they
               are
               Lords
               ouer
               them
               .
               And
               it
               maketh
               vs
               know
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               
                 Beatius
                 dare
                 ,
                 quam
                 accipere
              
               ;
               the
               one
               being
               abadge
               of
               Soueraignty
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               subiection
               .
               Also
               it
               leadeth
               vs
               to
               Fortitude
               ;
               for
               it
               teacheth
               ,
               that
               wee
               
               should
               not
               too
               much
               prize
               life
               ,
               which
               we
               cannot
               keepe
               ;
               nor
               feare
               death
               ,
               which
               wee
               cannot
               shunne
               ;
               That
               as
               he
               which
               dieth
               Nobly
               ,
               doth
               liue
               for
               euer
               ;
               so
               hee
               that
               doth
               liue
               in
               feare
               ,
               doth
               die
               continually
               .
               I
               shall
               not
               need
               to
               proue
               these
               two
               things
               ;
               for
               we
               see
               by
               experience
               ,
               they
               hold
               
               true
               in
               all
               things
               which
               I
               haue
               hitherto
               set
               downe
               .
               What
               I
               desire
               or
               wish
               ,
               I
               would
               haue
               your
               Lordship
               to
               take
               in
               minde
               ,
               what
               it
               is
               to
               make
               your selfe
               an
               expert
               man
               ,
               and
               what
               are
               the
               generall
               helps
               which
               all
               men
               must
               vse
               which
               haue
               the
               same
               desire
               .
               I
               will
               now
               moue
               your
               
               Lordship
               to
               consider
               what
               helps
               your
               trauell
               will
               gaine
               you
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               when
               you
               see
               infinite
               variety
               of
               behauior
               and
               manners
               of
               men
               ,
               you
               must
               choose
               and
               imitate
               the
               best
               ;
               when
               you
               see
               new
               delights
               that
               you
               neuer
               knew
               ,
               and
               haue
               passions
               stirred
               in
               you
               which
               you
               neuer
               felt
               ,
               you
               shall
               
               know
               what
               disease
               your
               minde
               is
               aptest
               to
               fall
               into
               ,
               and
               what
               the
               things
               are
               that
               bred
               that
               disease
               :
               When
               you
               come
               into
               Armies
               ,
               or
               places
               where
               you
               shall
               see
               any
               thing
               of
               the
               wars
               ,
               you
               shall
               conforme
               your
               natural
               courage
               to
               be
               fit
               for
               true
               Fortitude
               ;
               which
               is
               not
               giuen
               vnto
               man
               by
               
               nature
               ,
               but
               must
               grow
               out
               of
               the
               discourse
               of
               reason
               :
               And
               lastly
               ,
               in
               your
               trauell
               you
               shall
               haue
               great
               help
               to
               attaine
               to
               knowledge
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               onely
               the
               excellentest
               thing
               in
               man
               ,
               but
               the
               very
               excellency
               of
               man.
               
            
             
               In
               Manners
               ,
               your
               Lordship
               must
               not
               be
               caught
               with
               nouelties
               ,
               
               which
               are
               pleasing
               to
               young
               men
               ;
               nor
               infected
               with
               Custome
               ,
               which
               maketh
               vs
               keepe
               our
               owne
               all
               graces
               ,
               and
               participate
               of
               those
               wee
               see
               euery
               day
               ;
               nor
               giuen
               to
               affectation
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               generall
               fault
               amongst
               English
               Trauellers
               ;
               which
               is
               both
               displeasing
               &
               ridiculous
               .
            
             
             
               In
               discouering
               your
               passions
               ,
               and
               meeting
               with
               them
               ,
               giue
               no
               way
               ,
               or
               dispense
               with
               your selfe
               ,
               resoluing
               to
               conquer
               your selfe
               in
               all
               ;
               for
               the
               streame
               that
               may
               be
               stop'd
               with
               a
               mans
               hand
               at
               the
               Spring-head
               ,
               may
               drowne
               whole
               Armies
               when
               it
               hath
               run
               long
               .
            
             
               In
               your
               being
               in
               
               warres
               ,
               thinke
               it
               better
               at
               the
               first
               to
               doe
               a
               great
               deale
               too
               much
               than
               any
               thing
               too
               little
               ;
               for
               a
               young
               man
               ,
               especially
               a
               strangers
               first
               actions
               are
               looked
               vpon
               ,
               and
               Reputation
               once
               gotten
               ,
               is
               easily
               kept
               ;
               but
               an
               euill
               impression
               conceiued
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               is
               not
               easily
               remoued
               .
            
             
             
               The
               last
               thing
               I
               am
               to
               speake
               ,
               is
               but
               the
               first
               you
               are
               to
               seeke
               ;
               It
               is
               Knowledge
               .
               To
               praise
               knowledge
               ,
               or
               to
               perswade
               your
               Lordship
               to
               seeke
               it
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               need
               to
               vse
               many
               words
               ;
               I
               will
               onely
               say
               ,
               Where
               it
               is
               wanting
               ,
               that
               man
               is
               voyd
               of
               any
               good
               .
            
             
               Without
               it
               there
               can
               be
               no
               Fortitude
               ,
               
               for
               all
               dangers
               come
               of
               fury
               ,
               and
               fury
               is
               passion
               ,
               and
               passions
               euer
               turne
               to
               the
               contraries
               ;
               and
               therfore
               the
               most
               furious
               men
               ,
               when
               their
               first
               blast
               is
               spent
               ,
               be
               commonly
               the
               most
               fearfull
               .
            
             
               Without
               it
               ,
               there
               can
               be
               no
               Liberalitie
               ;
               for
               giuing
               is
               but
               want
               of
               audacitie
               to
               deny
               ,
               
               or
               else
               discretion
               to
               poyse
               .
            
             
               Without
               it
               ,
               there
               can
               be
               no
               Iustice
               ;
               for
               giuing
               to
               a
               man
               that
               which
               is
               his
               owne
               ,
               is
               but
               chance
               ,
               or
               want
               of
               a
               corrupter
               or
               seducer
               .
            
             
               Without
               it
               there
               can
               be
               no
               Constancy
               or
               Patience
               ;
               for
               suffering
               is
               but
               dulnesse
               or
               senselesnesse
               .
            
             
             
               Without
               it
               there
               can
               be
               no
               temperāce
               ;
               for
               we
               shall
               restraine
               our selues
               from
               good
               as
               well
               as
               from
               euill
               .
               For
               hee
               that
               cannot
               discerne
               ,
               cannot
               elect
               or
               choose
               .
               Nay
               ,
               without
               it
               ,
               there
               can
               bee
               no
               true
               Religion
               ;
               all
               other
               devotion
               being
               but
               a
               blinde
               zeale
               ,
               which
               is
               as
               strong
               in
               Heresie
               as
               in
               Truth
               .
            
             
             
               To
               reckon
               vp
               all
               the
               parts
               of
               knowledge
               ,
               and
               to
               shew
               the
               way
               to
               attaine
               to
               euery
               part
               ,
               is
               a
               worke
               too
               great
               for
               mee
               to
               vndertake
               at
               any
               time
               ,
               and
               too
               long
               to
               discourse
               at
               this
               time
               ;
               therefore
               I
               will
               onely
               speake
               of
               such
               a
               knowledge
               as
               your
               Lordship
               shold
               haue
               desire
               to
               seeke
               ,
               and
               
               shall
               haue
               meanes
               to
               compasse
               :
               I
               forbeare
               also
               to
               speake
               of
               Diuine
               knowledge
               ,
               which
               must
               direct
               our
               Faith
               ;
               both
               because
               I
               find
               my
               owne
               insufficiency
               ,
               and
               because
               I
               hope
               your
               Lordship
               doth
               nourish
               the
               seeds
               of
               Religion
               ,
               which
               during
               your
               education
               at
               Cambridge
               were
               sown
               
               in
               you
               :
               I
               will
               onely
               say
               this
               ;
               That
               as
               the
               irresolute
               man
               can
               neuer
               performe
               any
               action
               well
               ;
               so
               hee
               that
               is
               not
               resolued
               in
               Religion
               ,
               can
               bee
               resolued
               in
               nothing
               else
               .
               But
               that
               Ciuill
               knowledge
               which
               will
               make
               you
               doe
               wel
               by
               your selfe
               ,
               and
               good
               vnto
               others
               ,
               must
               bee
               sought
               by
               
               Study
               ,
               by
               Conference
               ,
               and
               obseruation
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               course
               of
               your
               Study
               ,
               &
               choice
               of
               your
               booke
               ,
               you
               must
               looke
               to
               haue
               the
               grounds
               of
               learning
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               Liberal
               Arts
               ;
               and
               then
               vse
               study
               of
               delight
               but
               sometimes
               for
               recreation
               ,
               and
               neither
               drowne
               your selfe
               in
               them
               ,
               nor
               omit
               those
               
               studies
               whereof
               you
               are
               to
               haue
               continual
               vse
               .
               Aboue
               all
               other
               bookes
               ,
               bee
               conuersant
               in
               Histories
               ,
               for
               they
               will
               best
               instruct
               you
               in
               matters
               Morall
               ,
               Politike
               ,
               and
               Military
               ,
               by
               which
               ,
               and
               in
               which
               you
               must
               settle
               your
               Iudgment
               .
            
             
               I
               make
               Conference
               the
               second
               helpe
               to
               Knowledge
               in
               order
               ,
               
               though
               I
               finde
               it
               the
               first
               and
               greatest
               in
               profiting
               ;
               and
               I
               haue
               so
               placed
               them
               ,
               because
               hee
               that
               is
               not
               studied
               ,
               knoweth
               not
               what
               to
               doubt
               ,
               nor
               what
               to
               aske
               .
               To
               profit
               much
               by
               Conference
               ,
               you
               must
               chuse
               to
               conferre
               with
               expert
               men
               ;
               for
               men
               will
               be
               of
               contrary
               opinions
               ,
               and
               euery
               
               one
               will
               make
               his
               owne
               probable
               .
               In
               Conference
               bee
               neither
               suspitious
               ,
               nor
               beleeuing
               all
               you
               know
               ,
               what
               opinion
               soeuer
               you
               haue
               of
               the
               man
               that
               deliuereth
               it
               ,
               nor
               too
               desirous
               to
               contradict
               .
               I
               doe
               conclude
               this
               point
               of
               Conference
               with
               this
               aduice
               ,
               That
               your
               Lordship
               should
               
               rather
               go
               an
               hundred
               miles
               to
               speake
               with
               one
               wise
               man
               ,
               than
               fiue
               miles
               to
               see
               a
               fair
               Towne
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               way
               to
               attaine
               to
               Knowledge
               is
               Obseruation
               ,
               and
               not
               long
               life
               ,
               nor
               seeing
               much
               ;
               because
               as
               he
               that
               rides
               a
               way
               often
               ,
               and
               takes
               no
               care
               of
               notes
               or
               marks
               to
               direct
               him
               if
               hee
               
               come
               the
               same
               way
               againe
               to
               make
               him
               know
               where
               hee
               is
               if
               he
               come
               vnto
               it
               ,
               he
               shall
               neuer
               proue
               good
               guide
               ;
               So
               hee
               that
               liueth
               long
               ,
               and
               seeth
               much
               ,
               and
               obserueth
               nothing
               ,
               shall
               neuer
               proue
               any
               wise
               man.
               
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               Obseruation
               is
               in
               noting
               the
               coherence
               of
               causes
               ,
               
               effects
               ,
               counsels
               ,
               and
               succcesses
               ,
               with
               the
               proportion
               and
               likenesse
               betweene
               Nature
               and
               Nature
               ,
               Fortune
               and
               Fortune
               ,
               Action
               and
               Action
               ,
               State
               and
               State
               ,
               Time
               past
               and
               Time
               present
               .
               Your
               Lordship
               now
               seeth
               ,
               that
               the
               end
               of
               Study
               ,
               Conference
               ,
               and
               Obseruation
               is
               Knowledge
               ;
               
               you
               must
               know
               also
               that
               the
               true
               end
               of
               knowledge
               is
               clearenesse
               and
               strength
               of
               Iudgement
               ,
               and
               not
               ostentation
               ,
               or
               ability
               to
               discourse
               ;
               which
               I
               doe
               the
               rather
               put
               your
               Lordship
               in
               mind
               of
               ,
               because
               the
               most
               part
               of
               Noblemen
               and
               Gentlemen
               of
               our
               time
               haue
               no
               other
               vse
               nor
               end
               of
               
               their
               learning
               but
               their
               Table-talke
               .
               But
               God
               knoweth
               they
               haue
               gotten
               little
               that
               haue
               onely
               this
               discoursing
               gift
               ;
               for
               though
               like
               empty
               vessels
               they
               sound
               loud
               when
               a
               man
               knockes
               vpon
               their
               out
               sides
               ;
               yet
               if
               you
               peere
               into
               them
               ,
               you
               shall
               finde
               that
               they
               are
               full
               of
               nothing
               
               but
               winde
               .
            
             
               This
               rule
               holdeth
               not
               onely
               in
               knowledge
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               vertue
               of
               knowledge
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               vertue
               of
               Prudence
               ,
               but
               in
               all
               other
               vertues
               .
            
             
               I
               will
               here
               breake
               off
               ,
               for
               I
               finde
               that
               I
               have
               both
               exceeded
               the
               cōuenient
               length
               of
               a
               Letter
               ,
               and
               come
               short
               of
               such
               discourse
               
               as
               this
               subiect
               doth
               deserue
               .
            
             
               Your
               Lordship
               ,
               perhaps
               ,
               may
               finde
               many
               things
               in
               this
               paper
               superfluous
               ;
               and
               most
               of
               them
               ,
               lame
               .
               I
               will
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               I
               can
               ,
               supply
               that
               defect
               vpon
               the
               second
               aduertisement
               ,
               if
               you
               call
               mee
               to
               an
               account
               .
               What
               confusion
               soeuer
               you
               
               finde
               in
               my
               order
               or
               method
               ,
               is
               not
               onely
               my
               fault
               (
               whose
               wits
               are
               confounded
               with
               too
               much
               businesse
               )
               but
               the
               fault
               of
               this
               season
               ,
               being
               written
               in
               Christmas
               ,
               which
               confusion
               and
               disorder
               hath
               by
               tradition
               not
               only
               beene
               winked
               at
               ,
               but
               warranted
               .
               If
               there
               bee
               but
               any
               one
               thing
               which
               
               your
               Lordship
               may
               make
               vse
               of
               ,
               I
               thinke
               my
               pains
               wel
               bestowed
               in
               all
               .
               And
               how
               weake
               soeuer
               my
               counsels
               bee
               ,
               my
               wishes
               shall
               be
               as
               strong
               as
               any
               mans
               for
               your
               Lordships
               happines
               .
            
             
               
                 Your
                 Lordships
                 affectionate
                 Cousen
                 ,
                 E.
                 
              
               
                 Greenwich
                 ,
                 
                   Ianu.
                   4.
                   1596.
                   
                
              
               
            
             
               
                 Postscript
                 .
              
               
                 IF
                 any
                 curious
                 scholler
                 happening
                 to
                 see
                 this
                 discourse
                 shall
                 quarrell
                 with
                 my
                 diuision
                 of
                 the
                 gifts
                 of
                 the
                 minde
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 findeth
                 it
                 not
                 perhaps
                 in
                 his
                 booke
                 ,
                 and
                 faith
                 that
                 health
                 and
                 euen
                 temper
                 of
                 mind
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 strength
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 I
                 haue
                 erred
                 against
                 the
                 rule
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Membra
                   diuidenda
                   non
                   debent
                   confundi
                
                 ;
                 I
                 answer
                 him
                 ,
                 The
                 qualities
                 of
                 health
                 and
                 strength
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 haue
                 set
                 them
                 downe
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 vnlike
                 ,
                 but
                 meer
                 contraries
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 one
                 bindeth
                 the
                 mind
                 &
                 restraineth
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 raiseth
                 and
                 inlargeth
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               Letter
               to
               the
               same
               purpose
               .
            
             
               MY
               good
               Brother
               ;
               you
               haue
               thought
               vnkindnesse
               in
               me
               ,
               that
               I
               haue
               not
               written
               oftner
               vnto
               you
               ,
               and
               haue
               desired
               I
               should
               
               write
               vnto
               you
               something
               of
               my
               opinion
               touching
               your
               trauell
               ;
               you
               being
               perswaded
               my
               experience
               therin
               to
               be
               somthing
               ,
               which
               I
               must
               needs
               confesse
               ;
               but
               not
               as
               you
               take
               it
               .
               For
               you
               thinke
               my
               experience
               growes
               from
               the
               good
               things
               which
               I
               haue
               learned
               :
               but
               I
               know
               the
               only
               
               experience
               which
               I
               haue
               gotten
               ,
               is
               ,
               to
               find
               how
               much
               I
               might
               haue
               learned
               ,
               &
               how
               much
               indeed
               I
               haue
               missed
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               directing
               my
               course
               to
               the
               right
               end
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               right
               meanes
               .
               I
               thinke
               you
               haue
               read
               Aristotles
               Ethiques
               ;
               If
               you
               haue
               ,
               you
               know
               it
               is
               the
               beginning
               &
               foundation
               of
               all
               his
               
               worke
               ,
               the
               end
               to
               which
               euery
               man
               doth
               and
               ought
               to
               bend
               his
               greatest
               and
               smallest
               Actions
               ,
               I
               am
               sure
               you
               haue
               imprinted
               in
               your
               mind
               the
               scope
               and
               marke
               you
               meane
               ,
               by
               your
               paines
               ,
               to
               shoot
               at
               .
               For
               if
               you
               should
               trauell
               but
               to
               trauell
               ,
               or
               to
               say
               you
               had
               trauelled
               ,
               certainely
               you
               
               should
               proue
               a
               pilgrim
               ,
               no
               more
               .
               But
               I
               presume
               so
               well
               of
               you
               (
               that
               though
               a
               great
               number
               of
               vs
               never
               thought
               in
               our selves
               why
               we
               went
               ,
               but
               a
               certain
               tickling
               humour
               to
               doe
               as
               other
               men
               had
               done
               ,
               )
               you
               prupose
               ,
               being
               a
               Gentleman
               borne
               ,
               to
               furnish
               your selfe
               with
               the
               knowledge
               
               of
               such
               things
               as
               may
               bee
               serviceable
               for
               your
               Country
               &
               calling
               .
               Which
               certainly
               stands
               not
               in
               the
               change
               of
               Ayre
               ,
               (
               for
               the
               warmest
               Sunne
               makes
               not
               a
               wise
               mā
               )
               no
               ,
               nor
               in
               learning
               Languages
               (
               although
               they
               be
               of
               serviceable
               vse
               )
               for
               words
               are
               but
               words
               in
               what
               Language
               soever
               they
               be
               ;
               
               and
               much
               lesse
               in
               that
               all
               of
               vs
               come
               home
               full
               of
               disguisements
               not
               onely
               of
               apparel
               ,
               but
               of
               our
               counte
               nances
               ,
               as
               though
               the
               credit
               of
               a
               Traueller
               stood
               all
               vpon
               his
               outside
               :
               but
               in
               the
               right
               informing
               your
               minde
               with
               those
               things
               which
               are
               most
               notable
               in
               those
               places
               which
               you
               come
               
               vnto
               .
               Of
               which
               as
               the
               one
               kinde
               is
               so
               vaine
               ,
               as
               I
               thinke
               ,
               ere
               it
               bee
               long
               ,
               like
               the
               Mountebanks
               in
               Italy
               ,
               wee
               Travellers
               shall
               bee
               made
               sport
               of
               in
               Comedies
               ;
               so
               may
               I
               instly
               say
               ,
               who
               rightly
               trauels
               with
               the
               eye
               of
               Vlysses
               ,
               doth
               take
               one
               of
               the
               most
               excellent
               ways
               of
               worldly
               wisdome
               .
               For
               hard
               
               sure
               it
               is
               to
               know
               England
               ,
               without
               you
               know
               it
               by
               comparing
               it
               with
               some
               other
               Countrey
               ;
               no
               more
               than
               a
               man
               can
               know
               the
               swiftnesse
               of
               his
               horse
               without
               seeing
               him
               well
               matched
               .
               For
               you
               that
               are
               a
               Logician
               know
               ,
               that
               as
               greatnesse
               of
               it selfe
               is
               a
               quantity
               ,
               so
               yet
               the
               iudgement
               of
               
               it
               ,
               as
               of
               mighty
               riches
               &
               all
               other
               strengths
               stands
               in
               the
               predicament
               of
               Relation
               :
               so
               that
               you
               cannot
               tell
               what
               the
               Queene
               of
               England
               is
               able
               to
               do
               defensively
               or
               offensively
               ,
               but
               by
               through
               knowing
               what
               they
               are
               able
               to
               doe
               with
               whom
               shee
               is
               to
               bee
               matched
               .
            
             
               This
               therefore
               is
               one
               
               notable
               vse
               of
               Travellers
               ;
               which
               stands
               in
               the
               mixed
               &
               correlatiue
               knowledge
               of
               things
               ,
               in
               which
               kinde
               comes
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               all
               legues
               betwixt
               Prince
               and
               Prince
               ;
               the
               Topographicall
               description
               of
               each
               Country
               ,
               how
               the
               one
               lyes
               by
               scituation
               to
               hurt
               or
               helpe
               the
               other
               ,
               how
               
               they
               are
               to
               Sea
               ,
               well
               harbored
               or
               not
               ,
               how
               stored
               with
               shippes
               ,
               how
               with
               Reuenue
               ,
               how
               with
               fortification
               &
               Garrisons
               ,
               how
               the
               people
               ,
               warlike
               trained
               or
               kept
               vnder
               ,
               with
               many
               other
               such
               warlike
               considerations
               ;
               which
               as
               they
               confusedly
               come
               into
               my
               mind
               ,
               so
               I
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               leisure
               ,
               hastily
               
               set
               them
               downe
               :
               But
               these
               things
               ,
               as
               I
               haue
               said
               ,
               are
               of
               the
               first
               kinde
               which
               stands
               in
               the
               ballancing
               one
               thing
               with
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               The
               other
               kinde
               of
               knowledge
               is
               of
               thē
               which
               stand
               in
               the
               things
               which
               are
               in
               themselus
               either
               simply
               good
               or
               simply
               evill
               ,
               and
               so
               serve
               for
               a
               
               right
               instruction
               ,
               or
               a
               shunning
               example
               .
               Of
               these
               Homer
               meant
               in
               this
               verse
               ,
               
                 Qui
                 multos
                 hominum
                 mores
                 cognouit
                 et
                 vrbes
                 .
              
               For
               he
               doth
               not
               meane
               by
               Mores
               ,
               how
               to
               looke
               ,
               or
               put
               off
               ones
               Cap
               with
               a
               new
               found
               grace
               ,
               although
               true
               behavior
               is
               not
               to
               be
               despised
               :
               marry
               my
               Heresie
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               
               English
               behaviour
               is
               best
               in
               England
               ,
               and
               the
               Italians
               in
               Italie
               .
               But
               mores
               hee
               takes
               for
               that
               from
               whence
               Morall
               Philosophy
               is
               so
               called
               ;
               the
               certainnesse
               of
               true
               discerning
               of
               mens
               mindes
               both
               in
               vertue
               ,
               passion
               ,
               and
               vices
               .
               And
               when
               he
               saith
               ,
               
                 Cognouit
                 vrbes
              
               ,
               hee
               meanes
               not
               (
               if
               I
               be
               not
               deceiued
               )
               
               to
               have
               seene
               Townes
               ,
               and
               marke
               their
               buildings
               ;
               for
               surely
               houses
               are
               but
               houses
               in
               every
               place
               ,
               they
               doe
               but
               differ
               
                 secundum
                 magis
                 et
                 minus
              
               ;
               but
               hee
               intends
               to
               their
               Religion
               ,
               Policies
               ,
               ●awes
               ,
               bringing
               vp
               of
               children
               ,
               discipline
               both
               for
               warre
               and
               peace
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               .
               These
               I
               take
               to
               
               be
               of
               the
               second
               kind
               which
               are
               euer
               worthy
               to
               be
               knowne
               for
               their
               owne
               sakes
               .
               As
               surely
               in
               the
               great
               Turke
               ,
               though
               wee
               have
               nothing
               to
               doe
               with
               them
               ,
               yet
               his
               Discipline
               in
               warre
               matters
               is
               ,
               
                 propter
                 se
              
               ,
               worthy
               to
               be
               learned
               .
               Nay
               ,
               even
               in
               the
               kingdome
               of
               China
               ,
               which
               is
               almost
               as
               far
               
               as
               the
               Antippodes
               from
               vs
               ,
               their
               good
               Lawes
               and
               Customes
               are
               to
               be
               learned
               :
               but
               to
               know
               their
               riches
               and
               power
               is
               of
               little
               purpose
               for
               Vs
               ;
               since
               that
               can
               neither
               advance
               vs
               ,
               nor
               hinder
               vs.
               But
               in
               our
               neighbour
               Countries
               ,
               both
               these
               things
               are
               to
               be
               marked
               ,
               as
               well
               the
               latter
               ,
               which
               containe
               
               things
               for
               themselues
               as
               the
               former
               which
               seeke
               to
               know
               both
               those
               ,
               and
               how
               their
               riches
               and
               power
               may
               be
               to
               vs
               auaileable
               ,
               or
               otherwise
               .
               The
               Countries
               fittest
               for
               both
               these
               ,
               are
               those
               you
               are
               going
               into
               .
               France
               above
               all
               other
               most
               needfull
               for
               vs
               to
               marke
               ,
               especially
               in
               the
               former
               kind
               .
               Next
               
               is
               Spaine
               &
               the
               Low-Countries
               ,
               then
               Germany
               ;
               which
               in
               my
               opinion
               excels
               all
               others
               as
               much
               in
               the
               latter
               Consideration
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               doth
               in
               former
               ,
               yet
               neither
               are
               voyd
               of
               neither
               ▪
               For
               as
               Germany
               me
               ●●inks
               doth
               excell
               in
               good
               lawes
               and
               well
               administring
               of
               Iustice
               ;
               so
               are
               wee
               
               likewise
               to
               consider
               in
               it
               the
               many
               Princes
               with
               whom
               we
               may
               have
               league
               ;
               the
               places
               of
               Frade
               ,
               and
               meanes
               to
               draw
               both
               Souldiers
               and
               furniture
               there
               in
               time
               of
               need
               .
               So
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               as
               in
               France
               and
               Spaine
               we
               are
               principally
               to
               marke
               how
               they
               stand
               towards
               vs
               both
               in
               power
               and
               
               inclination
               ;
               so
               are
               they
               ,
               not
               without
               good
               and
               fitting
               vse
               ,
               even
               in
               the
               generality
               of
               wisdome
               to
               bee
               knowne
               ;
               As
               in
               France
               the
               Courts
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               their
               subulter
               Iurisdiction
               ,
               and
               the
               it
               continual
               keeping
               of
               payed
               Souldiers
               :
               In
               Spaine
               ,
               their
               good
               &
               grave
               proceedings
               ,
               their
               keeping
               so
               many
               
               Prouinces
               vnder
               them
               ,
               and
               by
               what
               manner
               ;
               with
               the
               true
               points
               of
               honor
               .
               Wherein
               since
               they
               haue
               the
               most
               open
               conceit
               wherein
               they
               seeme
               ouer
               curious
               ,
               it
               is
               an
               easie
               matter
               to
               cut
               off
               when
               a
               man
               sees
               the
               bottom
               Flanders
               likewise
               ,
               besides
               the
               neighbour-hood
               with
               vs
               ,
               and
               the
               annexed
               
               considerations
               therunto
               ,
               hath
               diuers
               things
               to
               be
               learn'd
               ,
               especially
               their
               gouerning
               their
               Merchants
               &
               other
               trades
               .
               Also
               for
               Italy
               ,
               wee
               know
               not
               what
               wee
               haue
               ,
               or
               can
               haue
               to
               doe
               with
               them
               ,
               but
               to
               buy
               their
               Silkes
               and
               Wines
               :
               And
               as
               for
               the
               other
               point
               ,
               except
               Venice
               ,
               whose
               good
               
               Lawes
               and
               customes
               wee
               can
               hardly
               proportion
               to
               our selues
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               quite
               of
               a
               contrary
               gouernment
               ;
               there
               is
               little
               there
               but
               tyrannous
               oppression
               ,
               and
               seruil
               yeelding
               to
               them
               that
               haue
               little
               or
               no
               right
               ouer
               them
               .
               And
               for
               the
               men
               you
               shall
               haue
               there
               ,
               although
               indeed
               some
               be
               excellently
               
               learned
               ,
               yet
               are
               they
               all
               giuen
               to
               counterfeit
               learning
               :
               as
               a
               man
               shall
               learne
               among
               them
               more
               false
               grounds
               of
               things
               then
               in
               any
               place
               else
               I
               know
               .
               For
               from
               a
               Tapster
               vpwards
               ,
               they
               are
               all
               discoursers
               in
               certain
               matters
               and
               qualities
               ;
               as
               Horsmanship
               ,
               weapons
               ,
               
               wayting
               ;
               and
               such
               are
               better
               there
               then
               in
               other
               Countries
               :
               But
               for
               other
               matters
               ,
               as
               well
               (
               if
               not
               better
               )
               you
               shall
               haue
               them
               in
               nearer
               places
               .
            
             
               Now
               resteth
               in
               my
               memory
               but
               this
               point
               ,
               which
               indeed
               is
               the
               chiefe
               to
               you
               of
               all
               others
               ;
               which
               is
               ,
               
               the
               chiefe
               of
               what
               men
               you
               are
               to
               direct
               your selfe
               to
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               certaine
               no
               vessell
               can
               leave
               a
               worse
               taste
               in
               the
               liquor
               it
               contains
               than
               a
               wrong
               teacher
               infects
               an
               vnskilfull
               hearer
               with
               that
               which
               hardly
               will
               euer
               out
               :
               I
               will
               not
               tel
               you
               some
               absurdities
               I
               haue
               heard
               some
               
               Trauellers
               tell
               ;
               taste
               him
               well
               before
               you
               drinke
               much
               of
               his
               Doctrine
               And
               when
               you
               haue
               heard
               it
               ,
               try
               well
               what
               you
               haue
               heard
               before
               you
               hold
               it
               for
               a
               principall
               ;
               for
               one
               error
               is
               the
               mother
               of
               a
               thousand
               .
               But
               you
               may
               say
               ,
               how
               shall
               I
               get
               excellent
               men
               to
               take
               
               paines
               to
               speake
               with
               me
               ?
               Truly
               in
               few
               words
               ;
               either
               much
               expence
               or
               much
               humblenesse
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
      
    
     
  

