







 
   
     
       
         Reasons of the present judgement of the Vniversity of Oxford, concerning [brace] The Solemne League and Covenant. The Negative Oath. The Ordinances concerning discipline and vvorship. Approved by generall consent in a full convocation, 1. Jun. 1647. and presented to consideration.
         University of Oxford. Convocation.
      
       
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             Reasons of the present judgement of the Vniversity of Oxford, concerning [brace] The Solemne League and Covenant. The Negative Oath. The Ordinances concerning discipline and vvorship. Approved by generall consent in a full convocation, 1. Jun. 1647. and presented to consideration.
             University of Oxford. Convocation.
             Zouch, Richard, 1590-1661.
             Langbaine, Gerard, 1609-1658.
             Sanderson, Robert, 1587-1663.
          
           [8], 35, [1] p.
           
             s.n.],
             [London :
             Printed in the yeare, 1647.
          
           
             "Stated by Wood to have been drawn up by Dr. Robert Sanderson in what referred to reason and conscience, and by Dr. Richard Zouche in the legal part, with the help of certain delegates [including Gerard Langbaine.]"--Madan 1926.
             Place of publication from Wing.
             The words "The Solemne .. vvorship." are bracketed together on title page.
             With errata on F2r.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "June 9th".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           University of Oxford -- Early works to 1800.
           Solemn League and Covenant (1643). -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- History -- Civil War, 1642-1649 -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A94141  R18621  (Thomason E391_15).  civilwar no Reasons of the present judgement of the Vniversity of Oxford,:  concerning [brace] The Solemne League and Covenant. The Negative Oath. The O University of Oxford. Convocation 1647    15556 54 5 0 0 0 0 38 D  The  rate of 38 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the D category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           REASONS
           Of
           the
           present
           judgement
           of
           the
           Vniversity
           of
           OXFORD
           ,
           CONCERNING
           
             
               The
               Solemne
               League
               and
               Covenant
               .
            
             
               The
               Negative
               Oath
               .
            
             
               The
               Ordinances
               concerning
               Discipline
               and
               VVorship
               .
            
          
           Approved
           by
           generall
           consent
           in
           a
           full
           Convocation
           ,
           1.
           
             Jun.
          
           1647.
           
           AND
           Presented
           to
           Consideration
           .
        
         
           
             ACADEMIA
             .
             OXONIENSIS
             .
          
        
         
           Printed
           in
           the
           Yeare
           ,
           1647.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           A
           Solemn
           League
           and
           Covenant
           ,
           for
           Reformation
           ,
           and
           defence
           of
           Religion
           ,
           the
           honour
           and
           happinesse
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           the
           Peace
           and
           Safety
           of
           the
           three
           Kingdomes
           ,
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
          
           and
           
             Jreland
             .
          
        
         
           WE
           Noblemen
           ,
           Barons
           ,
           Knights
           ,
           Gentlemen
           ,
           Citizens
           ,
           Burgesses
           ,
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Gospell
           ,
           and
           Commons
           of
           all
           sorts
           in
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
          
           and
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           by
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           living
           under
           one
           King
           ,
           and
           being
           of
           one
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           having
           before
           our
           eyes
           the
           glory
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           advancement
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           our
           Lord
           and
           Saviour
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           the
           honour
           and
           happinesse
           of
           the
           Kings
           Majestie
           ,
           and
           His
           Posterity
           ,
           and
           the
           true
           publick
           Lybertie
           ,
           Safetie
           ,
           and
           Peace
           of
           the
           Kingdoms
           wherein
           every
           ones
           private
           condition
           is
           included
           ,
           and
           calling
           to
           mind
           the
           treacherous
           and
           bloudy
           plots
           ,
           Conspiracies
           ,
           Attempts
           ,
           and
           practices
           of
           the
           Enemies
           of
           God
           against
           the
           true
           Religion
           ,
           and
           Professors
           thereof
           in
           all
           places
           ,
           especially
           in
           these
           three
           Kingdomes
           ,
           ever
           since
           the
           Reformation
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           how
           much
           their
           rage
           ,
           power
           ,
           and
           presumption
           are
           of
           late
           ,
           and
           at
           this
           time
           increased
           and
           exercised
           ;
           whereof
           the
           deplorable
           estate
           of
           the
           Church
           and
           Kingdom
           of
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           the
           distressed
           estate
           of
           the
           Church
           and
           Kingdome
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           the
           dangerous
           estate
           of
           the
           Church
           and
           Kingdome
           of
           
             Scotland
             ,
          
           are
           present
           and
           publick
           Testimonies
           ;
           We
           have
           now
           at
           last
           ,
           (
           after
           other
           meanes
           of
           supplication
           ,
           Remonstrance
           ,
           Protestations
           ,
           and
           Sufferings
           )
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           our selves
           and
           our
           Religion
           from
           utter
           ruine
           and
           destruction
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           commendable
           practice
           of
           these
           Kingdomes
           in
           former
           times
           ,
           and
           the
           Example
           of
           Gods
           People
           in
           other
           Nations
           ;
           after
           mature
           deliberation
           resolved
           and
           determined
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           mutuall
           and
           solemne
           League
           and
           Covenant
           ,
           wherein
           we
           all
           subscribe
           ,
           and
           each
           one
           of
           us
           for
           himselfe
           with
           our
           hands
           lifted
           up
           to
           the
           most
           High
           God
           ,
           do
           swear
           :
        
         
           
             
               
               
                 
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   THat
                   we
                   shall
                   sincerely
                   ,
                   really
                   ,
                   and
                   constantly
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Grace
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   endeavour
                   in
                   our
                   severall
                   places
                   and
                   callings
                   ,
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   the
                   Reformed
                   Religion
                   in
                   the
                   Church
                   of
                   
                     Scotland
                     ,
                  
                   in
                   Doctrine
                   ,
                   Worship
                   ,
                   Discipline
                   and
                   Government
                   ,
                   against
                   our
                   common
                   Enemies
                   ;
                   The
                   Reformation
                   of
                   Religion
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdoms
                   of
                   
                     England
                  
                   and
                   
                     Ireland
                  
                   in
                   Doctrine
                   ,
                   Worship
                   ,
                   Discipline
                   and
                   Government
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Word
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   example
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   reformed
                   Churches
                   :
                   And
                   shall
                   endeavour
                   to
                   bring
                   the
                   Churches
                   of
                   God
                   in
                   the
                   three
                   Kingdomes
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   nearest
                   conjunction
                   and
                   uniformity
                   in
                   Religion
                   ,
                   Confession
                   of
                   Faith
                   ,
                   Form
                   of
                   C●urch
                   Government
                   ,
                   Directory
                   for
                   Worship
                   and
                   Catechizing
                   ;
                   That
                   we
                   and
                   our
                   posterity
                   after
                   us
                   may
                   as
                   Brethren
                   live
                   in
                   Faith
                   and
                   Love
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Lord
                   may
                   delight
                   to
                   dwell
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   us
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   we
                   shall
                   in
                   like
                   manner
                   ,
                   without
                   respect
                   of
                   persons
                   ,
                   endeavour
                   the
                   extirpation
                   of
                   Popery
                   ,
                   Prelacy
                   ,
                   (
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Church
                   Government
                   by
                   Archbishops
                   ,
                   Bishops
                   ,
                   their
                   Chancellours
                   and
                   Commissaries
                   ,
                   Deans
                   ,
                   Deans
                   and
                   Chapters
                   ,
                   Archdeacons
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   Ecclesiasticall
                   Officers
                   depending
                   on
                   that
                   Hierarchy
                   )
                   Superstition
                   ,
                   Heresie
                   ,
                   Schisme
                   ,
                   Profanenesse
                   ,
                   and
                   whatsoever
                   shall
                   be
                   found
                   to
                   be
                   contrary
                   to
                   sound
                   Doctrine
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   Godlinesse
                   ;
                   lest
                   we
                   partake
                   in
                   other
                   mens
                   sinnes
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   to
                   receive
                   of
                   their
                   plagues
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Lord
                   may
                   be
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Name
                   one
                   in
                   the
                   three
                   Kingdomes
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   sincerity
                   ,
                   reallity
                   and
                   constancy
                   ,
                   in
                   our
                   severall
                   Vocations
                   ,
                   endeavour
                   with
                   our
                   estates
                   and
                   lives
                   ,
                   mutually
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   Rights
                   and
                   Privileges
                   of
                   the
                   Parliaments
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Liberties
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdomes
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   preserve
                   and
                   defend
                   the
                   Kings
                   Majesties
                   person
                   and
                   authority
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   preservation
                   and
                   defence
                   of
                   the
                   true
                   Religion
                   ,
                   and
                   Liberties
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdomes
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   world
                   may
                   bear
                   witnesse
                   with
                   our
                   consciences
                   of
                   our
                   Loyaltie
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   we
                   have
                   no
                   thoughts
                   or
                   intentions
                   to
                   diminish
                   His
                   Majesties
                   just
                   power
                   and
                   greatness
                   :
                
              
               
               
                 
                   IIII.
                   
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   also
                   with
                   all
                   faithfullnesse
                   endeavour
                   the
                   discovery
                   of
                   all
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   ,
                   or
                   shall
                   be
                   Incendiaries
                   ,
                   Malignants
                   ,
                   or
                   evill
                   Instruments
                   ,
                   by
                   hindring
                   the
                   Reformation
                   of
                   Religion
                   ,
                   dividing
                   the
                   King
                   from
                   his
                   people
                   ,
                   or
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdomes
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   or
                   making
                   any
                   faction
                   or
                   parties
                   amongst
                   the
                   people
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   this
                   League
                   and
                   Covenant
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   publick
                   triall
                   ,
                   and
                   receive
                   condigne
                   punishment
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   degree
                   of
                   their
                   offences
                   shall
                   require
                   or
                   deserve
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   supream
                   Judicatories
                   of
                   both
                   Kingdomes
                   respectively
                   ,
                   or
                   others
                   having
                   power
                   from
                   them
                   for
                   that
                   effect
                   ,
                   shall
                   judge
                   convenient
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   the
                   happinesse
                   of
                   a
                   blessed
                   Peace
                   between
                   these
                   Kingdomes
                   ,
                   denied
                   in
                   former
                   times
                   to
                   our
                   progenitours
                   ,
                   is
                   by
                   the
                   good
                   providence
                   of
                   God
                   granted
                   unto
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   hath
                   been
                   lately
                   concluded
                   ,
                   and
                   setled
                   by
                   both
                   Parliaments
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   each
                   one
                   of
                   us
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   place
                   and
                   interest
                   endeavour
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   remain
                   conjoyned
                   in
                   a
                   firm
                   Peace
                   and
                   Union
                   to
                   all
                   posterity
                   ;
                   And
                   that
                   Justice
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   upon
                   the
                   wilfull
                   opposers
                   thereof
                   ,
                   in
                   manner
                   expressed
                   in
                   the
                   precedent
                   Articles
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   VI
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   also
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   places
                   and
                   callings
                   in
                   this
                   common
                   cause
                   of
                   Religion
                   ,
                   Liberty
                   and
                   Peace
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdomes
                   ,
                   assist
                   and
                   defend
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   enter
                   into
                   this
                   League
                   and
                   Covenant
                   ▪
                   in
                   the
                   maintaining
                   and
                   pursuing
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   not
                   suffer
                   our selves
                   directly
                   or
                   indirectly
                   by
                   whatsoever
                   combination
                   ,
                   perswasion
                   or
                   terrour
                   to
                   be
                   divided
                   and
                   withdrawn
                   from
                   this
                   blessed
                   Union
                   and
                   Conjunction
                   ,
                   whether
                   to
                   make
                   defection
                   to
                   the
                   contrary
                   part
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   give
                   our selves
                   to
                   a
                   detestable
                   indifferencie
                   or
                   neutrality
                   i●
                   this
                   caus●
                   ,
                   which
                   so
                   much
                   concerneth
                   the
                   glory
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdoms
                   and
                   the
                   honour
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   ;
                   but
                   shall
                   all
                   the
                   dayes
                   of
                   our
                   lives
                   zealously
                   and
                   constantly
                   continue
                   therei●
                   ,
                   against
                   all
                   opposition
                   &
                   promote
                   th
                   esame
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   power
                   ,
                   against
                   all
                   lets
                   and
                   impediments
                   whatsoever
                   ;
                   and
                   what
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   able
                   our selves
                   to
                   suppress
                   or
                   overcome
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   
                   reveal
                   ▪
                   &
                   make
                   known
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   timely
                   prevented
                   or
                   removed
                   ;
                   All
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   do
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   God
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
         
           And
           because
           these
           Kingdoms
           are
           guilty
           of
           many
           sinnes
           and
           provocations
           against
           God
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           as
           is
           too
           manifest
           by
           our
           present
           distresses
           and
           dangers
           the
           fruits
           thereof
           ;
           We
           professe
           and
           declare
           before
           God
           and
           the
           world
           ,
           our
           unfained
           desire
           to
           be
           humbled
           for
           our
           owne
           sins
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           sins
           of
           these
           Kingdoms
           ,
           especially
           that
           we
           have
           not
           as
           we
           ought
           ,
           valued
           the
           inestimable
           benefit
           of
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           that
           we
           have
           not
           laboured
           for
           the
           puritie
           and
           power
           thereof
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           have
           not
           endeavoured
           to
           receive
           Christ
           in
           our
           hearts
           ,
           nor
           to
           walke
           worthy
           of
           him
           in
           our
           lives
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           causes
           of
           other
           sinnes
           and
           transgressions
           so
           much
           abounding
           amongst
           us
           ;
           And
           our
           true
           and
           unfained
           purpose
           ,
           desire
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           for
           our selves
           ,
           and
           all
           others
           under
           our
           power
           and
           charge
           ,
           both
           in
           publick
           and
           in
           private
           ,
           in
           all
           duties
           we
           owe
           to
           God
           and
           man
           ,
           to
           amend
           our
           lives
           ,
           and
           each
           one
           to
           goe
           before
           another
           in
           the
           example
           of
           a
           reall
           Reformation
           ,
           that
           the
           Lord
           may
           turn
           away
           his
           wrath
           and
           heavy
           indignation
           ,
           and
           establish
           these
           Churches
           and
           Kingdoms
           in
           truth
           and
           peace
           .
           And
           this
           Covenant
           we
           make
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           Almighty
           God
           the
           searcher
           of
           all
           hearts
           ,
           with
           a
           true
           intention
           to
           perform
           the
           same
           ,
           as
           we
           shall
           answer
           at
           that
           great
           day
           ,
           when
           the
           secrets
           of
           all
           hearts
           shall
           be
           disclosed
           .
           Most
           humbly
           beseeching
           the
           Lord
           to
           strengthen
           us
           by
           his
           holy
           Spirit
           for
           this
           end
           ,
           and
           to
           blesse
           our
           desires
           and
           proceedings
           with
           such
           successe
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           deliverance
           and
           safety
           to
           his
           people
           ,
           and
           encouragement
           to
           other
           Christian
           Churches
           groaning
           under
           ,
           or
           in
           danger
           of
           the
           yoke
           of
           Antichristian
           tyrannie
           ;
           to
           joyn
           in
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           like
           Association
           and
           Covenant
           ,
           to
           the
           glory
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           enlargement
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           and
           the
           peace
           and
           tranquility
           of
           Christian
           Kingdoms
           and
           Common-wealths
           .
        
      
       
       
         
           The
           Negative
           Oath
           .
        
         
           
             I
             A.
             B.
          
           Doe
           sweare
           from
           my
           heart
           ,
           that
           J
           will
           not
           directly
           ,
           nor
           indirectly
           ,
           adhere
           unto
           ,
           or
           willingly
           assist
           the
           King
           in
           this
           War
           ▪
           or
           in
           this
           Cause
           ,
           against
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           nor
           any
           Forces
           raised
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           two
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           in
           this
           Cause
           or
           Warre
           :
           And
           J
           doe
           likewise
           sweare
           ,
           that
           my
           comming
           and
           submitting
           my selfe
           under
           the
           Power
           and
           Protection
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           is
           without
           any
           manner
           of
           Designe
           whatsoever
           ,
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           proceedings
           of
           this
           present
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           without
           the
           direction
           ,
           privity
           ,
           or
           advice
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           his
           Councell
           ,
           or
           Officers
           ,
           other
           then
           what
           J
           have
           now
           made
           knowne
           .
           So
           helpe
           me
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           contents
           of
           this
           Booke
           .
        
      
    
     
       
       
       
         
           Reasons
           why
           the
           Vniversity
           of
           
             Oxford
          
           cannot
           submit
           to
           the
           Covenant
           ,
           the
           Negative
           Oath
           ,
           the
           Ordinance
           concerning
           Discipline
           and
           Directory
           mentioned
           in
           the
           late
           Ordinance
           of
           Parliament
           for
           the
           Visitation
           of
           that
           place
           .
        
         
           WHereas
           by
           an
           Ordinance
           of
           the
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           assembled
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           for
           the
           Visitation
           and
           Reformation
           of
           the
           University
           of
           
             Oxford
          
           lately
           published
           ,
           power
           is
           given
           to
           certain
           persons
           therein
           named
           as
           Visitors
           ,
           to
           enquire
           concerning
           those
           of
           the
           said
           University
           that
           neglect
           to
           take
           the
           Solemne
           League
           and
           Covenant
           ,
           and
           the
           Negative
           Oath
           being
           tendred
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           likewise
           concerning
           those
           that
           oppose
           the
           execution
           of
           the
           Ordinances
           of
           Parliament
           concerning
           the
           Discipline
           and
           Directory
           ,
           or
           shall
           not
           promote
           or
           cause
           the
           same
           to
           be
           put
           in
           execution
           according
           to
           their
           severall
           places
           and
           callings
           ,
           We
           the
           Masters
           ,
           Scholars
           ,
           and
           other
           Officers
           and
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           University
           ,
           not
           to
           judge
           the
           Consciences
           of
           others
           ,
           but
           to
           cleare
           our selves
           before
           God
           and
           the
           world
           from
           all
           suspicion
           of
           Obstinacie
           ,
           whilst
           we
           discharge
           our
           own
           ,
           present
           to
           consideration
           the
           true
           reasons
           of
           our
           present
           judgment
           concerning
           the
           said
           Covenant
           ,
           Oath
           ,
           and
           Ordinances
           :
           Expecting
           so
           much
           Justice
           ,
           and
           hoping
           for
           so
           much
           Charity
           ,
           as
           either
           not
           to
           be
           pressed
           to
           conforme
           to
           what
           is
           required
           in
           any
           the
           premisses
           ,
           further
           then
           our
           present
           judgements
           will
           warrant
           us
           ;
           or
           not
           condemned
           for
           the
           refusing
           so
           to
           doe
           ,
           without
           cleare
           and
           reall
           satisfaction
           given
           to
           our
           just
           scruples
           .
        
         
         
           
             §.
             I.
             Of
             the
             Pr●fac●
             to
             the
             Coven●●t
             .
          
           
             THe
             Exceptions
             against
             the
             Introductory
             Preface
             to
             the
             Covenant
             although
             we
             insist
             not
             much
             upon
             ,
             because
             it
             may
             be
             said
             to
             be
             no
             part
             of
             the
             Covenant
             :
             yet
             among
             the
             things
             therein
             contained
             ,
             the
             acknowledgment
             whereof
             is
             implicitely
             required
             of
             every
             Covenanter
             ,
          
           
             
               1.
               
               We
               are
               not
               able
               to
               say
               ,
            
             that
             the
             rage
             ,
             power
             ,
             and
             presumption
             of
             the
             enemies
             of
             God
             
               (
               in
               the
               sense
               there
               intended
               )
            
             is
             at
             this
             time
             increased
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Nor
             can
             truly
             affirme
             that
             we
             had
             used
             ,
             or
             given
             consent
             to
             any
             
               Supplication
            
             or
             
               Remonstrance
            
             to
             the
             purposes
             therein
             expressed
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Nor
             doe
             conceive
             the
             entring
             into
             such
             a
             mutuall
             League
             and
             Covenant
             to
             be
             a
             lawfull
             ,
             proper
             and
             probable
             meanes
             to
             
               preserve
               our selves
               and
               our
               Religion
               from
               ruine
               and
               destruction
               .
            
          
           
             4.
             
             Nor
             can
             believe
             the
             same
             to
             be
             
               according
               to
               the
               commendable
               practice
               of
               these
               Kingdomes
               ,
               or
               the
               example
               of
               Gods
               people
               in
               other
               Nations
               .
            
             When
             we
             find
             not
             the
             least
             foot-step
             in
             our
             Histories
             of
             a
             sworne
             Covenant
             ever
             entred
             into
             by
             the
             people
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             upon
             any
             occasion
             whatsoever
             ;
             nor
             can
             readily
             remember
             any
             commendable
             example
             of
             the
             like
             done
             in
             any
             other
             Nation
             :
             but
             are
             rather
             told
             by
             the
             defenders
             of
             this
             Covenant
             ,
             that
             
               a
            
             
               the
               world
               never
               saw
               the
               like
               before
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             §.
             II.
             Of
             the
             Covenant
             in
             grosse
             .
          
           
             
             FIrst
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             ,
             how
             we
             can
             submit
             to
             the
             taking
             thereof
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             now
             imposed
             under
             a
             penalty
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Such
             imposition
             (
             to
             our
             seeming
             )
             being
             repugnant
             to
             the
             
             nature
             of
             a
             Covenant
             :
             which
             being
             a
             Contract
             implyeth
             a
             
               a
            
             
               voluntary
               mutuall
               consent
            
             of
             the
             Contractors
             ;
             whereunto
             men
             are
             to
             be
             induced
             by
             perswasions
             ,
             not
             compelled
             by
             power
             .
             In
             so
             much
             that
             the
             very
             words
             of
             this
             Covenant
             in
             the
             Preface
             ,
             conclusion
             ,
             and
             whole
             frame
             thereof
             runne
             in
             such
             a
             forme
             throughout
             ,
             as
             import
             a
             consent
             rather
             grounded
             upon
             prudentiall
             motives
             ,
             then
             extorted
             by
             Rigour
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Without
             betraying
             the
             Liberty
             ,
             which
             by
             our
             protestation
             we
             are
             bound
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             third
             Article
             of
             this
             Covenant
             must
             sweare
             ,
             
               with
               our
               lives
               and
               fortunes
               to
               preserve
               .
            
             To
             which
             Liberty
             the
             imposition
             of
             a
             new
             Oath
             ,
             other
             then
             is
             established
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             is
             expressed
             in
             
               the
            
             
               b
            
             
               Petition
               of
               Right
               ,
            
             and
             by
             the
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             in
             their
             
               c
            
             
               Declarations
            
             acknowledged
             to
             be
             contrary
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Without
             acknowledging
             in
             the
             Imposers
             ,
             a
             greater
             Power
             then
             ,
             for
             ought
             that
             appeareth
             to
             us
             ,
             hath
             been
             in
             former
             time
             challenged
             ;
             Or
             can
             consist
             with
             our
             former
             Protestation
             (
             if
             we
             rightly
             understand
             it
             )
             in
             sundry
             the
             most
             materiall
             branches
             thereof
             .
          
           
             Neither
             ,
             secondly
             ,
             are
             we
             satisfied
             ;
             although
             the
             Covenant
             should
             not
             be
             imposed
             upon
             us
             at
             all
             ,
             but
             only
             recommended
             to
             
             us
             ,
             and
             then
             left
             to
             our
             choice
             ;
          
           
             1.
             
             How
             we
             should
             in
             wisedome
             and
             duty
             (
             being
             Subjects
             )
             of
             our
             own
             accord
             and
             free
             will
             enter
             into
             a
             Covenant
             ,
             wherein
             He
             ,
             whose
             Subjects
             we
             are
             ,
             is
             in
             any
             wise
             concerned
             ,
             without
             his
             consent
             ,
             either
             expressed
             or
             reasonably
             presumed
             .
             It
             being
             in
             his
             power
             (
             as
             we
             conceive
             )
             by
             the
             equity
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             
               Numb.
            
             30.
             to
             annull
             and
             make
             void
             the
             same
             at
             his
             pleasure
             .
          
           
           
             2.
             
             How
             we
             can
             (
             now
             that
             His
             Majesty
             hath
             by
             His
             publique
             
               d
            
             
               Interdict
            
             sufficiently
             made
             known
             His
             pleasure
             in
             that
             behalfe
             )
             enter
             into
             a
             Covenant
             ,
             the
             taking
             whereof
             he
             hath
             expresly
             forbidden
             ;
             without
             forfeiting
             that
             Obedience
             ,
             which
             (
             as
             we
             are
             perswaded
             )
             by
             our
             naturall
             Allegiance
             and
             former
             Oathes
             we
             owe
             unto
             all
             such
             His
             Majesties
             Commands
             ,
             as
             are
             not
             in
             our
             apprehensions
             repugnant
             to
             the
             will
             of
             God
             ,
             or
             the
             positive
             Laws
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             .
          
        
         
           
             §
             III.
             Of
             the
             first
             Article
             of
             the
             Covenant
             .
          
           
             WHerein
             ,
             first
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             ,
             how
             we
             can
             with
             judgement
             sweare
             to
             endeavour
             to
             preserve
             the
             Religion
             of
             another
             Kingdome
             ;
          
           
             1.
             
             Whereof
             ,
             as
             it
             doth
             not
             concerne
             us
             to
             have
             very
             much
             ,
             so
             we
             professe
             to
             have
             very
             little
             understanding
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Which
             (
             so
             far
             as
             the
             occurrents
             of
             these
             unhappy
             times
             have
             brought
             it
             to
             our
             knowledge
             ,
             and
             we
             are
             able
             to
             judge
             )
             is
             in
             three
             of
             the
             foure
             specified
             particulars
             ,
             
               viz.
               Worship
               ,
               Discipline
               ,
               and
               Government
               ,
            
             much
             worse
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             fourth
             (
             that
             of
             
               Doctrine
               )
            
             not
             at
             all
             better
             then
             our
             own
             ;
             which
             we
             are
             in
             the
             next
             passage
             of
             the
             Article
             required
             to
             reforme
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Wherein
             if
             hereafter
             we
             shall
             find
             any
             thing
             (
             as
             upon
             farther
             understanding
             thereof
             it
             is
             not
             impossible
             we
             may
             )
             that
             may
             seem
             to
             us
             favouring
             of
             
               Popery
               ,
               Superstition
               ,
               Heresie
               ,
            
             or
             
               Schisme
               ,
            
             or
             
               contrary
               to
               sound
               doctrine
               ,
            
             or
             
               the
               power
               of
               godlinesse
               ;
            
             we
             shall
             be
             bound
             by
             the
             next
             Article
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             ,
             after
             we
             have
             bound
             our selves
             by
             this
             first
             Article
             to
             the
             preservation
             thereof
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Wherein
             we
             already
             find
             some
             things
             (
             to
             our
             thinking
             )
             
             so
             far
             tending
             towards
             (
             a
             )
             
               Superstition
            
             and
             
               b
            
             
               Schisme
               ,
            
             that
             it
             seemeth
             to
             us
             more
             reasonable
             that
             we
             should
             call
             
             upon
             them
             to
             reforme
             the
             same
             ,
             then
             that
             they
             should
             call
             upon
             us
             to
             preserue
             it
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             in
             the
             next
             branch
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Reformation
             of
             Religion
             in
             our
             own
             Kingdome
             ,
             in
             
               Doctrine
               ,
            
             
             
               Worship
               ,
               Discipline
            
             and
             
               Government
               ;
            
             How
             we
             can
             sweare
             to
             endeavour
             the
             same
             ,
             (
             which
             without
             making
             a
             change
             therein
             cannot
             be
             done
             ,
             )
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Without
            
             manifest
             scandall
             to
             the
             Papist
             and
             Separatist
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             By
             yeelding
             the
             cause
             ,
             which
             our
             godly
             Bishops
             and
             Martyrs
             ,
             and
             all
             our
             learned
             Divines
             ever
             since
             the
             Reformation
             have
             both
             by
             their
             writings
             and
             sufferings
             maintained
             ;
             who
             have
             justified
             ,
             against
             them
             both
             ,
             the
             Religion
             established
             in
             the
             Church
             of
             
               England
            
             to
             be
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             By
             justifying
             the
             Papists
             in
             the
             reproaches
             and
             scorne
             by
             them
             cast
             upon
             our
             Religion
             ,
             whose
             usuall
             objection
             it
             hath
             been
             and
             is
             ,
             that
             we
             know
             not
             what
             our
             Religion
             is
             ;
             that
             since
             we
             left
             them
             ,
             we
             cannot
             tell
             where
             to
             stay
             ;
             and
             that
             our
             Religion
             is
             
               a
            
             
               c
            
             
               Parliamentary
               Religion
               .
            
          
           
             3.
             
             By
             a
             tacite
             acknowledgement
             that
             there
             is
             something
             both
             in
             the
             doctrine
             and
             worship
             ,
             whereunto
             their
             conformity
             hath
             been
             required
             ,
             not
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             ;
             and
             consequently
             justifying
             them
             both
             ,
             the
             one
             in
             his
             Recusancy
             ,
             the
             other
             in
             his
             Separation
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             By
             an
             implied
             Confession
             ,
             that
             the
             Lawes
             formerly
             made
             against
             Papists
             in
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             all
             punishments
             by
             virtue
             thereof
             inflicted
             upon
             them
             ,
             were
             unjust
             ;
             in
             punishing
             them
             for
             refusing
             to
             joyne
             with
             us
             in
             that
             forme
             of
             Worship
             ,
             which
             our selves
             (
             as
             well
             as
             they
             )
             doe
             not
             approve
             of
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Without
             
               manifest
               wrong
               unto
               our selves
               ,
            
             our
             Consciences
             ,
             Reputation
             and
             Estates
             ;
             in
             bearing
             false
             witnesse
             against
             our selves
             ,
             and
             sundry
             other
             wayes
             :
             by
             swearing
             to
             endeavour
             to
             reforme
             that
             ,
             as
             corrupt
             and
             vicious
             ▪
          
           
           
             1.
             
             Which
             we
             have
             formerly
             by
             our
             Personall
             Subscriptions
             approved
             ,
             as
             agreeable
             to
             Gods
             Word
             :
             and
             have
             not
             been
             since
             either
             condemned
             by
             our
             own
             hearts
             for
             so
             doing
             ▪
             or
             convinced
             in
             our
             judgements
             by
             any
             of
             our
             Brethren
             that
             therein
             we
             did
             amisse
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Which
             in
             our
             Consciences
             we
             are
             perswaded
             ▪
             not
             to
             be
             in
             any
             of
             the
             foure
             specified
             particulars
             (
             as
             it
             standeth
             by
             Law
             established
             )
             much
             lesse
             in
             the
             whole
             foure
             ,
             against
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Which
             we
             verily
             believe
             (
             and
             ,
             as
             we
             think
             upon
             good
             grounds
             )
             to
             be
             in
             sundry
             respects
             much
             better
             ,
             and
             more
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             ,
             &
             the
             practice
             of
             the
             Catholique
             Church
             ,
             then
             that
             which
             we
             should
             by
             the
             former
             words
             of
             this
             Article
             sweare
             to
             preserve
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Whereunto
             the
             
               d
            
             Lawes
             yet
             in
             force
             require
             of
             all
             such
             Clerks
             as
             shall
             be
             admitted
             to
             any
             Benefi●e
             ,
             the
             signification
             of
             their
             hearty
             assent
             ,
             to
             be
             attested
             openly
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Divine
             Service
             before
             the
             whole
             congregation
             there
             present
             ,
             within
             a
             limited
             time
             ,
             and
             that
             under
             pain
             (
             upon
             default
             made
             )
             of
             the
             losse
             of
             every
             such
             Benefice
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Without
             
               manifest
               danger
               of
               Perjury
               :
            
             This
             branch
             of
             the
             Article
             (
             to
             our
             best
             understandings
             )
             seeming
             directly
             contrary
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             our
             former
             solemne
             Protestation
             ,
             which
             we
             have
             bound
             our selves
             neither
             for
             hope
             ,
             feare
             ,
             or
             other
             respect
             ever
             to
             relinquish
             .
             Wherein
             the
             Doctrine
             which
             we
             have
             vowed
             to
             maintaine
             ,
             by
             the
             name
             of
             the
             
               true
               Protestant
               Religion
               expressed
               in
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               England
               ,
            
             we
             take
             to
             be
             the
             ●ame
             which
             now
             we
             are
             required
             to
             endeavour
             to
             reform
             and
             alter
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             To
             the
             Oath
             of
             Supremacy
             ,
             by
             us
             also
             taken
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Lawes
             of
             the
             Realme
             ,
             and
             the
             Statutes
             of
             our
             University
             in
             that
             behalfe
             .
             Wherein
             having
             first
             testified
             and
             declared
             in
             our
             Consciences
             ,
             that
             the
             
               Kings
               Highnesse
               is
               the
               only
               supreme
               Governour
               of
               this
               Realme
               ,
               we
               doe
               after
               swear
               to
               our
               power
               to
               assist
               and
               d●fend
               all
               Jurisdictions
               ,
               Privileges
               ,
               Preheminences
               ,
               and
               Authorities
               granted
               or
               belonging
               to
               the
               Kings
               Highnesse
               ,
               His
               Heires
               ,
               and
               Successors
               ,
               or
               united
               and
               annexed
               to
               the
            
             
             
               Imperia●●
               Crow●●
               of
               this
               Realm●
               .
            
             One
             of
             the
             which
             Privileges
             and
             Preheminences
             ,
             by
             an
             expresse
             Statute
             so
             annexed
             ,
             and
             that
             even
             ,
             
               in
               termi●●
               ,
            
             in
             the
             selfe-same
             words
             in
             a
             manner
             with
             those
             used
             in
             the
             Oath
             ,
             is
             the
             whole
             power
             of
             Spirituall
             or
             Ecclesiasticall
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             for
             the
             correction
             and
             reformation
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             errors
             and
             abuses
             
               in
               matters
               Ecclesiasticall
               :
            
             as
             by
             the
             
               e
            
             words
             of
             the
             said
             Statute
             more
             at
             large
             appeareth
             .
             The
             Oath
             affording
             the
             
               Proposition
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Statute
             the
             
               Assumption
               ,
            
             we
             find
             no
             way
             how
             to
             avoyd
             the
             
               Conclusion
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             §.
             IV.
             Of
             the
             Second
             Article
             of
             the
             Covenant
             .
          
           
             FIrst
             ,
             it
             cannot
             but
             affect
             us
             with
             some
             griefe
             and
             Amazement
             ,
             
             to
             see
             that
             antient
             forme
             of
             Church-Government
             ,
             which
             we
             heartily
             (
             and
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             ,
             worthily
             )
             honour
             ;
             as
             under
             which
             our
             Religion
             was
             at
             first
             so
             orderly
             ,
             without
             violence
             or
             tumuk
             ,
             and
             so
             happily
             ,
             reformed
             ;
             and
             hath
             since
             so
             long
             flourished
             with
             Truth
             and
             Peace
             ,
             to
             the
             honour
             and
             happinesse
             of
             our
             owne
             ,
             and
             the
             envy
             and
             admiration
             of
             other
             Nations
             ,
             not
             only
          
           
             1.
             
             Endeavoured
             to
             be
             extirpated
             ;
             without
             any
             reason
             offered
             to
             our
             understandings
             ,
             for
             which
             it
             should
             be
             thought
             necessary
             ,
             or
             but
             so
             much
             as
             expedient
             so
             to
             doe
             .
             But
             also
          
           
             2.
             
             Ranked
             with
             
               Popery
               ,
               Superstition
               ,
               Heresie
               ,
               Schisme
            
             and
             
               Prophanesse
               ;
            
             which
             we
             unfainedly
             professe
             our selves
             to
             detest
             as
             much
             as
             any
             others
             whatsoever
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             And
             that
             with
             some
             intimation
             also
             ,
             as
             if
             that
             Government
             were
             some
             way
             or
             other
             so
             
               contrary
               to
               sound
               doctrine
               ,
               or
               the
               power
               of
               godlinesse
               ,
            
             that
             whosoever
             should
             not
             endeavour
             
             the
             extirpation
             thereof
             must
             of
             necesssity
             
               partake
               in
               other
               mens
               sins
               ,
            
             which
             we
             cannot
             yet
             be
             perswaded
             to
             believe
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             And
             we
             desire
             it
             may
             be
             considered
             ,
             in
             case
             a
             Covenant
             of
             like
             forme
             should
             be
             tender'd
             to
             the
             Citizens
             of
             
               London
               ,
            
             wherein
             they
             should
             be
             required
             to
             sweare
             ,
             they
             would
             sincerely
             ,
             really
             and
             constantly
             without
             respect
             of
             persons
             ,
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             of
             
               Treason
               ,
               the
               City
               Government
            
             (
             by
             a
             Lord
             Major
             ,
             Aldermen
             ,
             Sheriffes
             ,
             Common-Councel
             and
             other
             officers
             depending
             thereon
             )
             
               Murther
               ,
               Adultery
               ,
               Theft
               ,
               Cosenage
               ,
               and
               whatsoever
               shall
               be
               ,
               —
               &c.
               lest
               they
               should
               partake
               in
               other
               mens
               sinnes
               ;
            
             whether
             such
             a
             tendry
             could
             be
             looked
             upon
             by
             any
             Citizen
             that
             had
             the
             least
             spirit
             of
             freedome
             in
             him
             as
             an
             act
             of
             Justice
             ,
             Meeknesse
             and
             Reason
             ?
          
           
             
             Secondly
             ,
             for
             Episcopall
             Government
             ;
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             how
             we
             can
             with
             a
             good
             Conscience
             sweare
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             thereof
             ,
             1.
             in
             
               respect
               of
               the
               thing
               it selfe
               .
            
             Concerning
             which
             government
             we
             thinke
             we
             have
             reason
             to
             believe
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             it
             is
             (
             if
             not
             
               Jure
               divino
            
             in
             the
             strictest
             sense
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             expressely
             commanded
             by
             God
             in
             his
             Word
             ,
             yet
             )
             of
             
               Apostolicall
               ▪
               institution
               ,
            
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             was
             established
             in
             the
             Churches
             by
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             mind
             and
             after
             the
             example
             of
             their
             Master
             
               Jesus
               Christ
               ,
            
             and
             that
             by
             virtue
             of
             their
             ordinary
             power
             and
             authority
             derived
             from
             him
             ,
             as
             deputed
             by
             him
             Governors
             of
             his
             Church
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Or
             at
             least
             ,
             that
             
               Episcopall
               Aristocracy
            
             hath
             a
             fairer
             pretension
             ,
             and
             may
             lay
             a
             juster
             title
             and
             claime
             to
             a
             Divine
             institution
             then
             any
             of
             the
             other
             formes
             of
             Church-Government
             can
             doe
             ;
             all
             which
             yet
             do
             pretend
             thereunto
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             that
             of
             the
             
               Papall
               Monarchy
               ,
            
             that
             of
             the
             
               Presbyterian
               Democracy
               ,
            
             and
             that
             of
             the
             
               Independents
            
             by
             Particular
             Congregations
             ,
             or
             Gathered
             Churches
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             But
             we
             are
             assured
             by
             the
             undoubted
             testimony
             of
             Antient
             Records
             and
             later
             Histories
             ,
             that
             this
             forme
             of
             Government
             hath
             beene
             continued
             with
             such
             an
             universall
             ,
             uninterrupted
             ,
             unquestioned
             succession
             in
             all
             the
             Churches
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             in
             all
             Kingdomes
             that
             have
             beene
             called
             Christian
             throughout
             the
             whole
             
             world
             for
             fifteen
             hundred
             yeers
             together
             ;
             that
             there
             never
             was
             in
             all
             that
             time
             any
             considerable
             opposition
             made
             there
             against
             .
             That
             of
             
               Aërius
            
             was
             the
             greatest
             ,
             wherein
             yet
             there
             was
             little
             of
             consideration
             ,
             beside
             these
             two
             things
             :
             that
             it
             grew
             at
             the
             first
             but
             out
             of
             discontent
             ;
             and
             gained
             him
             at
             the
             last
             but
             the
             reputation
             of
             an
             Heretique
             .
             From
             which
             antiquity
             and
             continuance
             ,
             we
             have
             just
             cause
             to
             fear
             ,
             that
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             thereof
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             Would
             give
             such
             advantage
             to
             the
             Papists
             ,
             who
             usually
             object
             against
             us
             ,
             and
             our
             Religion
             ,
             the
             contempt
             of
             antiquity
             ,
             and
             the
             love
             of
             novelty
             ;
             that
             we
             should
             not
             be
             able
             to
             wipe
             off
             the
             aspersion
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Would
             so
             diminish
             the
             just
             authority
             due
             to
             the
             consentient
             judgement
             and
             practice
             of
             the
             universall
             Church
             (
             the
             best
             interpreter
             of
             Scripture
             in
             things
             not
             clearly
             exprest
             ;
             for
             
               Lex
               currit
               cum
               praxi
               :
               )
            
             that
             without
             it
             we
             should
             be
             at
             a
             losse
             in
             sundry
             points
             both
             of
             
               Faith
            
             and
             
               Manners
               ,
            
             at
             this
             day
             firmely
             believed
             and
             securely
             practiced
             by
             us
             ;
             when
             by
             the
             Socinians
             ,
             Anabaptists
             ,
             and
             other
             Sectaries
             we
             should
             be
             called
             upon
             for
             our
             proofes
             .
             As
             namely
             sundry
             Orthodoxall
             explications
             concerning
             the
             Trinity
             and
             Co-equality
             of
             the
             Persons
             in
             the
             God-head
             ,
             against
             the
             Arians
             and
             other
             Heretiques
             ;
             the
             number
             ,
             use
             and
             efficacy
             of
             Sacraments
             ;
             the
             Baptising
             of
             Infants
             ;
             Nationall
             Churches
             ;
             the
             observation
             of
             the
             Lords-Day
             ;
             and
             even
             the
             Canon
             of
             Scripture
             it self
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             
               in
               respect
               of
               our selves
               ;
            
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             ,
             how
             it
             
             can
             stand
             with
             the
             principles
             of
             
               Justice
               ,
               Ingenuity
               ,
            
             and
             
               Humanity
               ,
            
             to
             require
             the
             extirpation
             of
             Episcopall
             Government
             (
             unlesse
             it
             had
             been
             first
             cleerly
             demonstrated
             to
             be
             unlawful
             )
             to
             be
             sincerely
             and
             really
             endeavoured
             ,
             by
             us
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             Who
             have
             all
             of
             us
             ,
             who
             have
             taken
             any
             Degree
             by
             subscribing
             the
             39.
             
             Articles
             ,
             testified
             our
             approbation
             of
             that
             Government
             :
             one
             of
             those
             
               a
            
             Articles
             affirming
             the
             very
             Book
             containing
             the
             form
             of
             
               their
               Consecration
            
             to
             contain
             in
             it
             nothing
             contrary
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Who
             have
             most
             of
             us
             
               (
               viz.
            
             as
             many
             as
             have
             entred
             into
             the
             Ministery
             )
             received
             Orders
             from
             their
             hands
             :
             whom
             we
             
             should
             very
             ill
             requite
             for
             laying
             their
             hands
             upon
             us
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             now
             lay
             to
             our
             hands
             to
             root
             them
             up
             ,
             and
             cannot
             tell
             for
             what
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Who
             have
             sundry
             of
             us
             ,
             since
             the
             beginning
             of
             this
             Parliament
             ,
             subscribed
             our
             names
             to
             Petitions
             exhibited
             or
             intended
             to
             be
             exhibited
             to
             that
             High
             Court
             ,
             for
             the
             continuance
             of
             that
             Government
             .
             Which
             as
             we
             then
             did
             sincerely
             and
             really
             ,
             so
             we
             should
             with
             like
             sincerity
             and
             reality
             ,
             still
             (
             not
             having
             met
             with
             any
             thing
             since
             to
             shew
             us
             our
             errour
             )
             be
             ready
             to
             doe
             the
             same
             again
             ,
             if
             we
             had
             the
             same
             hopes
             we
             then
             had
             of
             the
             reception
             of
             such
             Petitions
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Who
             hold
             some
             of
             us
             our
             livelyhood
             ,
             either
             in
             whole
             or
             in
             part
             ,
             by
             those
             titles
             of
             
               Deanes
               ,
               Deanes
               and
               Chapters
               ,
            
             &c.
             mentioned
             in
             the
             Articles
             ;
             being
             members
             of
             some
             Collegiate
             or
             Cathedrall
             Churches
             .
             And
             our
             memories
             will
             not
             readily
             serve
             us
             with
             any
             example
             in
             this
             kind
             since
             the
             world
             began
             ;
             wherein
             any
             state
             or
             profession
             of
             men
             ,
             though
             convicted
             (
             as
             we
             are
             not
             )
             of
             a
             crime
             that
             might
             deserve
             deprivation
             ,
             were
             required
             to
             bind
             themselves
             by
             oath
             ,
             
               sincerely
               and
               really
               to
               endeavour
            
             the
             rooting
             out
             of
             that
             (
             in
             it selfe
             not
             unlawfull
             )
             together
             wherewith
             they
             must
             also
             root
             out
             themselves
             ,
             their
             estates
             and
             livelyhoods
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Especially
             it
             being
             usuall
             in
             most
             of
             the
             said
             Churches
             ,
             that
             such
             persons
             as
             are
             admitted
             members
             thereof
             ,
             have
             a
             personall
             Oath
             administred
             unto
             them
             ,
             to
             maintain
             the
             honour
             ▪
             Immunities
             ,
             Libertyes
             ,
             and
             profits
             of
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             whilst
             they
             live
             to
             seeke
             the
             good
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             doe
             any
             thing
             to
             the
             hurt
             ,
             hindrance
             ,
             or
             prejudice
             thereof
             ;
             or
             in
             other
             words
             to
             the
             like
             effect
             .
          
           
             
             Fourthly
             ,
             
               in
               respect
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               England
               :
            
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             how
             we
             can
             swear
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             of
             the
             established
             Government
             ▪
             no
             necessity
             or
             just
             Cause
             for
             so
             doing
             ,
             either
             offering
             it selfe
             ,
             or
             being
             offered
             to
             our
             understandings
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Since
             all
             change
             of
             Government
             unavoidably
             bringeth
             with
             it
             ,
             besides
             those
             that
             are
             present
             and
             evident
             ,
             sundry
             other
             ●●●onveniences
             ,
             which
             no
             wit
             of
             man
             can
             possibly
             fore-see
             
             to
             provide
             against
             ,
             till
             late
             experience
             discover
             them
             :
             We
             cannot
             be
             sure
             ,
             that
             the
             evils
             which
             may
             ensue
             upon
             the
             change
             of
             this
             Government
             ,
             (
             which
             hath
             been
             of
             so
             long
             continuance
             in
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             is
             so
             deeply
             roo●ed
             in
             the
             Lawes
             thereof
             ,
             and
             hath
             so
             neere
             a
             conjunction
             with
             ,
             and
             so
             strong
             an
             influence
             upon
             the
             Civill
             State
             and
             Government
             ,
             as
             that
             the
             change
             thereof
             must
             infer
             the
             necessity
             of
             a
             great
             alteration
             to
             be
             made
             in
             the
             other
             also
             ;
             )
             may
             not
             be
             greater
             then
             the
             supposed
             evils
             whatsoever
             they
             are
             ,
             which
             by
             this
             change
             are
             sought
             to
             be
             remedied
             .
             For
             there
             are
             not
             yet
             any
             come
             to
             our
             knowledge
             of
             that
             desperate
             nature
             ,
             as
             not
             to
             be
             capable
             of
             other
             remedy
             ,
             then
             the
             utter
             extirpation
             of
             the
             whole
             Government
             it selfe
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Whereas
             the
             House
             of
             Commons
             have
             
               b
            
             remonstrated
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             far
             from
             their
             purpose
             or
             desire
             to
             
               abolish
               the
               Church-Government
               ,
            
             but
             rather
             that
             
               all
               the
               members
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               England
               should
               be
               regulated
               by
               such
               Rules
               of
               Order
               and
               Discipline
               as
               are
               established
               by
               Parl●ament
               ,
            
             and
             that
             it
             was
             Malignancie
             
               to
               infuse
               into
               the
               people
            
             that
             they
             had
             any
             other
             meaning
             :
             We
             are
             loth
             by
             consenting
             to
             the
             second
             Article
             to
             become
             guilty
             of
             such
             
               Infusion
               ,
            
             as
             may
             bring
             us
             within
             the
             compasse
             and
             danger
             of
             the
             fourth
             Article
             of
             this
             Covenant
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Since
             it
             hath
             been
             declared
             by
             sundry
             
               c
            
             Acts
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             That
             
               the
               holy
               Church
               of
               England
               was
               founded
               in
               the
               state
               of
               Prelacy
               within
               the
               Realm
               of
               England
               :
            
             We
             dare
             not
             by
             endeavouring
             the
             extirpation
             of
             Prelacy
             ,
             strike
             at
             the
             very
             foundation
             ,
             and
             thereby
             (
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lyeth
             )
             cooperate
             towards
             the
             ●●ine
             of
             this
             famous
             Church
             ;
             which
             in
             all
             conscience
             and
             d●ty
             we
             are
             bound
             with
             out
             utmost
             lawfull
             power
             to
             uphold
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             
               in
               respect
               of
               our
               Obligations
               to
               His
               Majesty
            
             by
             our
             Duty
             
             
             and
             oathes
             :
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             how
             we
             can
             swear
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             of
             the
             Church-Government
             by
             Law
             established
             ,
             without
             forfeiture
             of
             those
             Obligations
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Having
             in
             the
             Oath
             of
             Supremacie
             acknowledged
             the
             King
             to
             be
             
               the
               onely
               Supreme
               Governour
               in
               all
               Ecclesiasticall
               Causes
               and
               over
               all
               Ecclesiasticall
               Persons
               ;
            
             and
             having
             bound
             our selves
             both
             in
             that
             Oath
             ,
             and
             by
             our
             Protestation
             ,
             
               To
               maintain
               the
               Kings
               Honour
               ,
               Estate
               ,
               Jurisdictions
               ,
            
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             Rights
             :
             it
             is
             cleare
             to
             our
             understandings
             ,
             that
             we
             cannot
             without
             disloyalty
             and
             injury
             to
             Him
             ,
             and
             double
             Perjury
             to
             our selves
             ,
             take
             upon
             us
             without
             his
             consent
             to
             make
             any
             alteration
             in
             the
             Ecclesiasticall
             Lawes
             or
             Government
             ,
             much
             lesse
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             thereof
             :
             Unlesse
             the
             imposers
             of
             this
             Covenant
             had
             a
             power
             and
             meaning
             (
             which
             they
             have
             openly
             
               d
            
             disclaimed
             )
             to
             absolve
             us
             of
             that
             Obedience
             ,
             which
             under
             God
             we
             owe
             unto
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             whom
             they
             know
             to
             be
             intrusted
             with
             the
             Ecclesiasticall
             Law
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             We
             cannot
             sincerely
             and
             really
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             of
             this
             Government
             ,
             without
             a
             sincere
             desire
             and
             reall
             endeavour
             ,
             that
             His
             Majesty
             would
             grant
             His
             Royall
             Assent
             to
             such
             extirpation
             .
             Which
             we
             are
             so
             far
             from
             desiring
             and
             endeavouring
             ,
             that
             we
             hold
             it
             our
             bounden
             duty
             by
             our
             daily
             prayers
             to
             beg
             at
             the
             hands
             of
             Almighty
             God
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             not
             for
             our
             sins
             suffer
             the
             King
             to
             doe
             an
             act
             so
             prejudiciall
             to
             his
             honour
             and
             conscience
             ,
             as
             to
             consent
             to
             the
             rooting
             out
             of
             that
             estate
             ,
             which
             by
             so
             many
             branches
             of
             his
             
               e
            
             
               Coronation
               Oath
               ,
            
             he
             hath
             in
             such
             a
             solemne
             manner
             
             sworn
             by
             the
             assistance
             of
             God
             to
             his
             power
             to
             maintain
             and
             preserve
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             By
             the
             Lawes
             of
             this
             Land
             ,
             
               f
            
             the
             
               Collation
            
             of
             
               Bishopricks
            
             and
             
               g
            
             
               Deanries
               ;
            
             the
             
               h
            
             
               fruits
            
             and
             
               profits
            
             of
             their
             Lands
             and
             Revenues
             during
             their
             vacancies
             ;
             the
             
               i
            
             
               first
               fruits
               and
               yearly
               tenths
            
             out
             of
             all
             Ecclesiasticall
             Promotions
             ;
             and
             sundry
             other
             Privileges
             ,
             Profits
             ,
             and
             Emoluments
             ,
             arising
             out
             of
             the
             State
             Ecclesiasticall
             ,
             are
             established
             in
             the
             Crown
             ,
             and
             are
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             the
             Revenues
             thereof
             ;
             which
             ,
             by
             the
             extirpation
             of
             Prelacy
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             in
             the
             Article
             expounded
             ,
             or
             by
             subsequent
             practice
             evidenced
             ,
             will
             be
             severed
             and
             cut
             off
             from
             the
             Crown
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             prejudice
             and
             damage
             thereof
             .
             Whereunto
             ,
             as
             we
             ought
             not
             in
             common
             reason
             ,
             and
             in
             order
             to
             our
             Allegiance
             as
             Subjects
             ,
             yeeld
             our
             consent
             ;
             so
             having
             sworn
             expresly
             
               to
               maintain
               the
               Kings
               honour
               and
               estate
               ,
            
             and
             to
             our
             power
             to
             assist
             and
             defend
             all
             Jurisdictions
             ,
             &c.
             belonging
             to
             His
             Highnesse
             ,
             or
             united
             and
             annexed
             to
             the
             Imperiall
             Crown
             of
             the
             Realm
             ,
             we
             cannot
             without
             manifest
             Perjury
             (
             as
             we
             conceive
             )
             consent
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Government
             of
             this
             Realm
             being
             confessedly
             an
             
               Empire
            
             or
             
               k
            
             
               Monarchy
               ,
            
             and
             that
             of
             a
             most
             excellent
             temper
             and
             constitution
             :
             we
             understand
             not
             how
             it
             can
             become
             us
             to
             desire
             or
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             of
             that
             Government
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             which
             we
             conceive
             to
             be
             incomparably
             of
             all
             other
             the
             most
             agreeable
             ,
             and
             no
             way
             prejudiciall
             to
             the
             state
             of
             so
             well
             a
             constituted
             Monarchy
             .
             In
             so
             much
             as
             King
             JAMES
             would
             often
             say
             ,
             what
             his
             long
             experience
             had
             taught
             him
             ,
             
               No
               Bishop
               ,
               no
               King
               .
            
             Which
             Aphorisme
             ,
             though
             we
             find
             in
             sundry
             Pamphlets
             of
             late
             yeares
             to
             have
             been
             exploded
             with
             much
             confidence
             and
             scorn
             ;
             yet
             we
             must
             professe
             to
             have
             met
             with
             very
             little
             in
             the
             proceedings
             of
             the
             late
             times
             ,
             to
             weaken
             our
             belief
             of
             it
             .
             And
             we
             
             hope
             we
             shall
             be
             the
             lesse
             blamed
             for
             our
             unwillingnesse
             to
             have
             any
             actuall
             concurrence
             in
             the
             extirpating
             of
             Episcopall
             Government
             :
             seeing
             of
             such
             extirpation
             there
             is
             ▪
             no
             other
             use
             imaginable
             ,
             but
             either
             the
             alienation
             of
             their
             Revenues
             and
             Inheritances
             ,
             (
             which
             how
             it
             can
             be
             severed
             from
             
               Sacrilege
            
             and
             
               Injustice
            
             we
             leave
             others
             to
             find
             out
             )
             or
             to
             make
             way
             for
             the
             introducing
             of
             some
             other
             form
             of
             Church-Government
             :
             which
             whatsoever
             it
             shall
             be
             ,
             will
             (
             as
             we
             think
             )
             prove
             either
             destructive
             of
             ,
             and
             inconsistent
             with
             Monarchicall
             Government
             ,
             or
             at
             least-wise
             more
             prejudiciall
             to
             the
             peaceable
             ,
             orderly
             ,
             and
             effectuall
             exercise
             thereof
             ,
             then
             a
             well-regulated
             Episcopacy
             can
             possibly
             be
             .
          
        
         
           
             §.
             V.
             Of
             the
             other
             parts
             of
             the
             Covenant
             .
          
           
             HAving
             insisted
             the
             more
             upon
             the
             two
             first
             Articles
             ,
             that
             concern
             Religion
             and
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             wherein
             our selves
             have
             a
             more
             proper
             concernment
             :
             We
             shall
             need
             to
             insist
             the
             lesse
             upon
             those
             that
             follow
             ,
             contenting
             our selves
             with
             a
             few
             (
             the
             most
             obvious
             )
             of
             those
             many
             great
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             we
             conceive
             )
             just
             exceptions
             ,
             that
             lye
             there
             against
             .
          
           
             
             In
             the
             third
             Article
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             that
             our
             endeavour
             to
             preserve
             and
             defend
             the
             Kings
             Majesties
             Person
             and
             Authority
             is
             so
             limited
             ,
             as
             there
             it
             is
             ,
             by
             that
             addition
             ,
             
               In
               the
               Preservation
               and
               defence
               of
               the
               true
               Religion
               ,
               and
               Libertyes
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               .
            
             Forasmuch
             as
          
           
             1.
             
             No
             such
             limitation
             of
             our
             duty
             in
             that
             behalf
             is
             to
             be
             found
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             Oathes
             of
             Supremacy
             and
             Alleagiance
             ,
             (
             which
             no
             Papist
             would
             refuse
             to
             take
             with
             such
             a
             limitation
             )
             nor
             in
             the
             Protestation
             ,
             nor
             in
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Our
             endeavour
             to
             preserve
             the
             Rights
             and
             Privileges
             of
             Parliaments
             ,
             and
             the
             Libertyes
             of
             the
             Kingdomes
             ,
             is
             required
             to
             be
             sworn
             of
             us
             in
             the
             same
             Article
             without
             the
             like
             or
             any
             other
             limitation
             added
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Such
             limitation
             leaveth
             the
             duty
             of
             the
             Subject
             ,
             at
             so
             much
             loosenesse
             ,
             and
             the
             safety
             of
             the
             King
             at
             so
             great
             uncertainty
             ;
             
             that
             whensoever
             the
             People
             shall
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             withdraw
             their
             obedience
             ,
             they
             cannot
             want
             a
             pretence
             ,
             from
             the
             same
             for
             so
             doing
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             After
             we
             should
             ,
             by
             the
             very
             last
             thing
             we
             did
             
               (
               viz.
            
             swea●ing
             with
             such
             a
             limitation
             )
             have
             made
             our selves
             guilty
             of
             an
             actuall
             and
             reall
             dimi●●tion
             (
             as
             we
             conceive
             )
             of
             His
             Majesties
             just
             power
             and
             greatnesse
             :
             the
             obtestation
             would
             seem
             very
             unseasonable
             (
             at
             the
             least
             )
             with
             the
             same
             breath
             to
             call
             the
             world
             to
             bear
             witnesse
             with
             our
             Consciences
             ,
             that
             we
             had
             no
             thoughts
             or
             intentions
             to
             diminish
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             swearing
             with
             such
             a
             limitation
             is
             a
             Testimony
             of
             the
             Subjects
             Loyaltie
             (
             to
             our
             seeming
             )
             of
             a
             very
             strange
             nature
             :
             which
             ,
             the
             Principles
             of
             their
             severall
             Religions
             salved
             ,
             the
             Conscience
             of
             a
             most
             resolute
             Papist
             or
             Sectary
             may
             securely
             swallow
             ,
             and
             the
             Conscience
             of
             a
             good
             Protestant
             cannot
             but
             str●in
             at
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             fourth
             Article
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             We
             desire
             it
             may
             be
             considered
             ,
             whether
             the
             imposing
             of
             
             the
             Covenant
             in
             this
             Article
             do
             not
             lay
             a
             necessity
             upon
             the
             Son
             ,
             of
             accusing
             his
             own
             Father
             ,
             and
             pursuing
             him
             to
             destruction
             ;
             in
             case
             he
             should
             be
             an
             Incendiary
             ,
             Malignant
             ,
             or
             other
             evill
             Instrument
             ,
             such
             as
             in
             the
             Article
             is
             described
             .
             A
             course
             ,
             which
             we
             conceive
             to
             be
             ▪
             contrary
             to
             Religion
             ,
             Nature
             and
             Humanity
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Whether
             the
             swearing
             according
             to
             this
             Article
             ,
             doth
             not
             rather
             open
             a
             ready
             way
             ,
             to
             Children
             that
             are
             sick
             of
             the
             Father
             ,
             Husbands
             that
             are
             weary
             of
             their
             Wives
             ,
             &c.
             by
             appealing
             such
             ,
             as
             stand
             between
             them
             and
             their
             desires
             ,
             of
             Malignancy
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             effectuate
             their
             unlawfull
             intentions
             and
             designes
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Our selves
             having
             solemnly
             protested
             to
             maintain
             the
             Liberty
             of
             the
             Subject
             ,
             and
             the
             House
             of
             Commons
             having
             publiquely
             declared
             against
             the
             exercise
             of
             an
             Arbitrary
             Power
             ,
             with
             Order
             that
             their
             said
             Declaration
             should
             be
             printed
             and
             published
             in
             all
             the
             Parish-Churches
             and
             Chappells
             of
             the
             Kindome
             ,
             there
             to
             stand
             and
             remaine
             as
             a
             testimony
             of
             the
             cle●rnesse
             of
             their
             intentions
             ;
             whether
             the
             
             subjecting
             of
             our selves
             and
             brethren
             by
             Oath
             ,
             unto
             such
             punishments
             as
             shall
             be
             inflicted
             upon
             us
             (
             without
             Law
             or
             Merit
             )
             at
             the
             sole
             pleasure
             of
             such
             uncertaine
             Judges
             as
             shall
             be
             upon
             any
             particular
             occasion
             
               deputed
               for
               that
               effect
               ,
            
             of
             what
             mean
             quality
             or
             abilities
             soever
             they
             be
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             taking
             away
             of
             our
             lives
             ,
             
               if
               they
               shall
               think
               it
               convenient
               so
               to
               doe
               ,
            
             though
             the
             degree
             of
             our
             offences
             shall
             not
             require
             or
             deserve
             the
             same
             ;
             be
             not
             the
             betraying
             of
             our
             Liberty
             in
             the
             lowest
             ,
             and
             the
             setting
             up
             of
             an
             Arbitrary
             Power
             in
             the
             highest
             degree
             ,
             that
             can
             be
             imagined
             .
          
           
             
             The
             substance
             of
             the
             fift
             Article
             ,
             being
             the
             settling
             and
             continuance
             of
             a
             firm
             peace
             and
             union
             between
             the
             three
             Kingdomes
             ,
             since
             it
             is
             our
             bounden
             duty
             to
             desire
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             our
             severall
             places
             and
             interests
             by
             all
             lawfull
             meanes
             to
             endeavour
             the
             same
             :
             we
             should
             make
             no
             scruple
             at
             all
             to
             enter
             into
             a
             Covenant
             to
             that
             purpose
             ,
             were
             it
             not
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             we
             doe
             not
             see
             ,
             nor
             therefore
             can
             acknowledge
             
               the
               happinesse
               of
               such
               a
               blessed
               Peace
               between
               the
            
             three
             
               Kingdomes
            
             (
             for
             we
             hope
             Ireland
             is
             not
             forgotten
             )
             as
             in
             the
             Article
             is
             mentioned
             :
             So
             long
             as
             Ireland
             is
             at
             War
             within
             it self
             ,
             and
             both
             the
             other
             Kingdomes
             engaged
             in
             that
             War
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             since
             no
             peace
             can
             be
             firme
             and
             well-grounded
             that
             is
             not
             bottom'd
             upon
             Justice
             ,
             the
             most
             proper
             and
             adequate
             act
             whereof
             is
             ,
             
               Jus
               suum
               cuique
               ,
            
             to
             let
             every
             one
             have
             that
             which
             of
             right
             belongeth
             unto
             him
             ;
             we
             cannot
             conceive
             how
             a
             firm
             and
             lasting
             Peace
             can
             be
             established
             in
             these
             Kingdomes
             ,
             unlesse
             the
             respective
             Authority
             ,
             Power
             ,
             and
             Liberty
             of
             
               King
               ,
               Parliament
               ,
            
             and
             
               Subject
               ,
            
             as
             well
             every
             one
             as
             other
             ,
             be
             preserved
             full
             and
             entire
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             known
             Lawes
             and
             continued
             unquestioned
             customes
             of
             the
             severall
             Kingdomes
             in
             former
             times
             ,
             and
             before
             the
             beginning
             of
             these
             sad
             distractions
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             sixth
             Article
             we
             are
             altogether
             unsatisfied
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             
             The
             whole
             Article
             being
             grounded
             upon
             a
             supposition
             ,
             which
             hath
             not
             yet
             been
             evidenced
             to
             us
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             that
             
               this
               Cause
               ,
            
             meaning
             thereby
             (
             or
             else
             we
             understand
             it
             not
             )
             the
             joyning
             in
             this
             Covenant
             of
             mutuall
             defence
             for
             the
             prosecution
             
             of
             the
             late
             War
             ,
             was
             
               the
               cause
               of
               Religion
               ,
               Liberty
               ,
               and
               Peace
               of
               the
               Kingdomes
               ;
            
             and
             that
             it
             so
             much
             concerned
             
               the
               Glory
               of
               God
               ,
               and
               the
               good
               of
               the
               Kingdomes
               ,
               and
               the
               Honour
               of
               the
               King
               .
            
          
           
             2.
             
             If
             all
             the
             Premisses
             were
             so
             cleare
             ,
             that
             we
             durst
             yeeld
             our
             free
             assent
             thereunto
             ,
             yet
             were
             they
             not
             sufficient
             to
             warrant
             to
             our
             consciences
             what
             in
             this
             Article
             is
             required
             to
             be
             sworn
             of
             us
             ;
             unlesse
             we
             were
             as
             clearly
             satisfied
             concerning
             the
             lawfulnesse
             of
             the
             means
             to
             be
             used
             for
             the
             supporting
             of
             such
             a
             Cause
             .
             For
             since
             evill
             may
             not
             be
             done
             ,
             that
             good
             may
             come
             thereof
             ;
             we
             cannot
             yet
             be
             perswaded
             ,
             that
             
               the
               Cause
               of
               Religion
               ,
               Liberty
               ,
               and
               Peace
               ,
            
             may
             be
             supported
             ;
             or
             
               the
               Glory
               of
               God
               ,
               the
               Good
               of
               the
               Kingdomes
               ,
               and
               the
               Honour
               of
               the
               King
            
             sought
             to
             be
             advanced
             ,
             by
             such
             means
             ,
             as
             (
             to
             our
             best
             understandings
             )
             are
             both
             improper
             for
             those
             Ends
             ,
             and
             destitute
             of
             all
             warrant
             from
             the
             Lawes
             ,
             either
             of
             God
             ,
             or
             of
             this
             Realm
             .
          
           
             
               Lastly
               ,
               in
               the
               conclusion
               ,
               our
               hearts
               tremble
               to
               think
               ,
               that
               we
            
             
             
               should
               be
               required
               to
               pray
               that
            
             other
             Christian
             Churches
             might
             be
             encouraged
             by
             our
             example
             to
             joyn
             in
             the
             like
             Association
             and
             Covenant
             ,
             to
             free
             themselves
             from
             the
             Antichristian
             yoke
             ,
             &c.
             
               Wherein
            
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             omit
             that
             we
             doe
             not
             know
             any
             
               Antichristian
               yoke
            
             under
             which
             we
             were
             held
             in
             these
             Kingdomes
             ,
             and
             from
             which
             we
             owe
             to
             this
             either
             War
             or
             Covenant
             our
             freedome
             :
             unlesse
             by
             the
             Antichristian
             yoke
             be
             meant
             Episcopall
             Government
             ,
             which
             we
             hope
             no
             man
             that
             pretendeth
             to
             Truth
             and
             Charity
             will
             affirm
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             We
             doe
             not
             yet
             see
             in
             the
             fruits
             of
             this
             Association
             or
             Covenant
             among
             our selves
             ,
             any
             thing
             so
             lovely
             asto
             invite
             us
             to
             desire
             (
             much
             lesse
             to
             pray
             )
             that
             other
             Christian
             Churches
             should
             follow
             our
             example
             herein
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             pray
             to
             the
             purpose
             in
             the
             conclusion
             of
             the
             Covenant
             expressed
             ,
             seemeth
             to
             us
             all
             one
             in
             effect
             ,
             as
             to
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             ,
             the
             God
             of
             Love
             and
             Peace
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             take
             all
             Love
             and
             Peace
             out
             of
             the
             hearts
             of
             Christians
             ,
             and
             to
             set
             the
             whole
             Christian
             world
             in
             a
             combustion
             .
          
           
           
             2.
             
             To
             render
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             and
             all
             Protestants
             odious
             to
             all
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             provoke
             the
             Princes
             of
             
               Europe
            
             to
             use
             more
             severity
             towards
             those
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             :
             if
             not
             (
             for
             their
             own
             security
             )
             to
             root
             them
             quite
             out
             of
             their
             severall
             Dominions
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             tyrannie
             and
             yoke
             of
             Antichrist
             ,
             if
             laid
             upon
             the
             necks
             of
             Subjects
             by
             their
             lawfull
             Soveraigns
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             thrown
             off
             by
             
               Christian
               boldnes
            
             in
             confessing
             the
             Truth
             ,
             and
             
               Patient
               suffering
            
             for
             it
             ;
             not
             by
             taking
             up
             Arms
             ,
             or
             violent
             resistance
             of
             the
             Higher
             Powers
             .
          
        
         
           
             §.
             VI
             .
             Some
             Considerations
             concerning
             the
             meaning
             of
             the
             Covenant
             .
          
           
             OUr
             aforesaid
             scruples
             are
             much
             strengthned
             by
             these
             ensuing
             Considerations
             .
          
           
             First
             that
             whereas
             no
             Oath
             ,
             which
             is
             contradictory
             to
             it selfe
             ,
             can
             be
             taken
             without
             Perjury
             ;
             because
             the
             one
             part
             of
             every
             contradiction
             must
             needs
             be
             false
             :
             this
             Covenant
             either
             indeed
             containeth
             ,
             or
             at
             leastwise
             (
             which
             to
             the
             point
             of
             conscience
             is
             not
             much
             lesse
             effectuall
             )
             seemeth
             to
             us
             to
             contain
             sundry
             Contradictions
             :
             as
             namely
             ,
             amongst
             others
             ,
             these
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             preserve
             as
             it
             is
             ,
             without
             change
             ,
             and
             yet
             to
             reforme
             and
             alter
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             preserve
             ,
             
               one
               and
               the
               same
               Reformed
               Religion
               .
            
          
           
             2.
             
             Absolutely
             and
             without
             exception
             
               to
               preserve
               ;
            
             and
             yet
             upon
             supposition
             to
             
               extirpate
            
             the
             self-same
             thing
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             the
             present
             Religion
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             
               Scotland
               .
            
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             reform
             Church-Government
             established
             in
             
               England
            
             and
             
               Ireland
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Word
               of
               God
               :
            
             and
             yet
             to
             extirpate
             that
             Government
             which
             we
             are
             perswaded
             to
             be
             according
             thereunto
             ,
             for
             the
             introducing
             of
             another
             whereof
             we
             are
             not
             so
             perswaded
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             To
             endeavour
             
               really
               the
               extirpation
               of
               Heresies
               ,
               Schismes
               and
               Profanenesse
               ;
            
             and
             yet
             withall
             to
             extirpate
             that
             Government
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             the
             want
             of
             the
             due
             exercise
             whereof
             we
             conceive
             
             to
             have
             been
             one
             chief
             cause
             of
             the
             growth
             of
             the
             said
             evils
             ;
             and
             doe
             beleeve
             the
             restoring
             and
             continuance
             thereof
             would
             be
             the
             most
             proper
             and
             effectuall
             remedy
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             
               To
               preserve
               with
               our
               estates
               and
               lives
               ,
               the
               liberties
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               ;
            
             that
             is
             ,
             (
             as
             in
             the
             Protestation
             is
             explained
             )
             of
             the
             Subject
             ;
             and
             yet
             contrary
             to
             these
             liberties
             ,
             to
             submit
             to
             the
             imposition
             of
             this
             
               Covenant
               ,
            
             and
             of
             the
             
               Negative
               Oath
            
             not
             yet
             established
             by
             Law
             :
             and
             to
             put
             our
             lives
             and
             estates
             under
             the
             arbitrary
             power
             of
             such
             as
             may
             take
             away
             both
             from
             us
             when
             they
             please
             ,
             not
             onely
             without
             ,
             but
             even
             against
             Law
             ,
             
               if
               they
               shall
               judge
               it
               convenient
               so
               to
               doe
               .
            
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             we
             find
             in
             the
             Covenant
             ,
             sundry
             expressions
             of
             dark
             
             or
             doubtfull
             construction
             :
             Whereunto
             we
             cannot
             sweare
             in
             judgement
             ,
             till
             their
             sense
             be
             cleared
             and
             agreed
             upon
             .
             As
             ,
             Who
             are
             the
             
               Common
               Enemies
               ?
            
             and
             which
             be
             
               the
               best
               Reformed
               Churches
               ?
            
             mentioned
             in
             the
             first
             Article
             .
             Who
             (
             in
             the
             fourth
             Article
             )
             are
             to
             be
             accounted
             
               Malignants
               ?
            
             How
             far
             that
             phrase
             of
             
               hindring
               Reformation
            
             may
             be
             extended
             ?
             What
             is
             meant
             by
             
               the
               supreme
               Judicatory
               of
               both
               Kingdomes
               ?
            
             and
             sundry
             other
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             by
             the
             use
             that
             hath
             been
             made
             of
             this
             Covenant
             ,
             
             (
             sometimes
             to
             purposes
             of
             dangerous
             consequence
             )
             we
             are
             brought
             into
             some
             fears
             and
             jealousies
             ,
             lest
             by
             taking
             the
             same
             we
             should
             cast
             our selves
             into
             more
             snares
             then
             we
             are
             yet
             aware
             of
             .
             For
             in
             the
             first
             Article
             ,
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Whereas
               we
               are
            
             to
             endeavour
             the
             Reformation
             of
             Religion
             in
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             in
             Doctrine
             ,
             Worship
             ,
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             Government
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             example
             of
             the
             best
             Reformed
             Churches
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Reformation
             in
             Worship
             (
             whereby
             we
             could
             not
             suppose
             any
             more
             was
             intended
             (
             according
             to
             their
             former
             
               a
            
             Declaration
             )
             then
             a
             review
             of
             the
             Service-book
             ,
             
             that
             the
             translations
             might
             be
             in
             some
             places
             amended
             ,
             some
             alterations
             made
             in
             the
             Offices
             and
             Rubricks
             ;
             or
             at
             most
             some
             of
             the
             Ceremonies
             laid
             aside
             for
             the
             reasons
             of
             expediency
             and
             condescension
             )
             hath
             produced
             an
             utter
             abolition
             of
             the
             whole
             form
             established
             :
             without
             substituting
             any
             other
             certain
             form
             in
             the
             room
             thereof
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Reformation
             in
             point
             of
             Discipline
             and
             Government
             intended
             (
             so
             far
             as
             by
             the
             overtures
             hitherto
             made
             we
             are
             able
             to
             judge
             )
             is
             such
             ,
             as
             we
             conceive
             not
             to
             be
             
               according
               to
               the
               Word
               of
               God
               ,
            
             nor
             (
             for
             any
             thing
             we
             know
             )
             according
             to
             the
             example
             of
             any
             Church
             that
             ever
             was
             in
             the
             world
             (
             best
             or
             worst
             )
             since
             the
             Creation
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             In
             the
             second
             Article
             ,
             our
             griefe
             and
             fears
             had
             been
             lesse
             ,
             if
             we
             could
             have
             observed
             
               the
               extirpation
               of
               Popery
               ,
               Heresie
               ,
               Schisme
               ,
               and
               Profanenesse
               ,
            
             to
             have
             been
             as
             really
             intended
             ,
             and
             set
             on
             with
             as
             much
             speed
             and
             animosity
             ,
             as
             the
             extirpation
             of
             
               Prelacy
               ,
            
             and
             that
             which
             some
             call
             
               Superstition
               .
            
             But
             when
             we
             see
             ,
             under
             the
             notions
             of
             rooting
             out
             Prelacy
             and
             Superstition
             ,
             so
             much
             quicknesse
             used
             to
             fetch
             in
             the
             Revenues
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             sacred
             Utensils
             ,
             (
             no
             otherwise
             guilty
             of
             Superstition
             ,
             for
             ought
             we
             know
             ,
             then
             that
             they
             are
             worth
             something
             )
             and
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             so
             little
             yet
             done
             toward
             the
             extirpation
             of
             Heresie
             ,
             Schisme
             ,
             and
             Profanenesse
             ,
             (
             as
             things
             of
             lesse
             temporall
             advantage
             .
             )
             We
             cannot
             dissemble
             our
             suspicion
             ,
             that
             the
             designers
             of
             this
             Covenant
             might
             have
             something
             else
             before
             their
             eyes
             besides
             what
             in
             the
             begining
             of
             the
             Introduction
             is
             expressed
             ;
             and
             that
             there
             is
             something
             meant
             in
             this
             Article
             ,
             that
             looketh
             so
             like
             Sacrilege
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             afraid
             to
             venture
             thereon
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             In
             the
             third
             Article
          
           
             1.
             
             Although
             we
             should
             not
             otherwise
             have
             apprehended
             any
             matter
             of
             danger
             or
             moment
             in
             the
             ordering
             of
             the
             particulars
             ,
             in
             the
             Article
             mentioned
             :
             yet
             since
             M.
             
               Challoner
               in
               his
               Speech
               ,
            
             and
             others
             have
             made
             advantage
             thereof
             to
             infer
             from
             that
             very
             order
             ,
             that
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Kings
             Person
             and
             Authority
             ought
             to
             be
             with
             subordination
             to
             the
             preservation
             of
             the
             Rights
             and
             Privileges
             of
             Parliaments
             ,
             and
             
             the
             Liberties
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             which
             are
             
               in
               the
               first
               place
               ,
            
             
             and
             before
             it
             to
             be
             endeavoured
             ;
             We
             hope
             we
             shall
             be
             excused
             ,
             if
             we
             dare
             not
             take
             the
             Covenant
             in
             this
             sense
             ;
             especially
             ,
             considering
             that
             if
             the
             Argument
             be
             of
             any
             force
             ,
             it
             will
             bind
             us
             at
             least
             ,
             as
             strongly
             to
             endeavour
             the
             maintenance
             of
             
               the
               Kings
               Person
               ,
               Honour
               and
               Estate
            
             in
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             but
             subordinately
             thereunto
             ;
             because
             they
             are
             so
             ordered
             in
             the
             Protestation
             :
             And
             then
             ,
             that
             Protestation
             having
             the
             advantage
             of
             preceding
             ,
             it
             will
             bind
             us
             more
             strongly
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             first
             obligation
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Whereas
             some
             have
             been
             the
             rather
             induced
             to
             take
             the
             Covenant
             in
             this
             particular
             by
             being
             told
             ,
             that
             that
             limitation
             ,
             
               in
               the
               preservation
               and
               defence
               of
               the
               true
               Religion
               and
               Liberties
               of
               the
               Kingdomes
            
             was
             not
             to
             be
             understood
             exclusively
             :
             yet
             when
             we
             finde
             that
             the
             House
             of
             Commons
             in
             their
             answer
             to
             the
             Scottish
             Papers
             ,
             doe
             
               d
            
             often
             presse
             that
             limitation
             ,
             as
             without
             which
             the
             endeavouring
             to
             preserve
             the
             Kings
             Majesties
             Person
             and
             Authority
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             mentioned
             ;
             it
             cannot
             but
             deter
             us
             from
             taking
             the
             Covenant
             in
             this
             particular
             so
             understood
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Especially
             being
             told
             in
             a
             late
             pamphlet
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             not
             having
             preserved
             the
             Liberties
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             &c.
             as
             of
             duty
             he
             ought
             ,
             is
             thereby
             become
             a
             
               Tyrant
               ,
            
             and
             so
             ceaseth
             to
             be
             a
             King
             ,
             and
             consequently
             that
             his
             subjects
             cease
             to
             be
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             owe
             him
             no
             longer
             subjection
             .
             Which
             assertion
             ,
             since
             we
             heartily
             detest
             ,
             as
             false
             and
             scandalous
             in
             the
             supposition
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             inference
             seditious
             and
             divelish
             ;
             we
             dare
             not
             by
             subscribing
             this
             Article
             seeme
             to
             give
             the
             least
             countenance
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             But
             it
             striketh
             us
             with
             horror
             to
             think
             what
             use
             hath
             been
             made
             of
             this
             fourth
             Article
             ;
             concerning
             the
             punishment
             of
             
             Malignants
             ,
             &c.
             as
             by
             others
             otherwayes
             ;
             so
             especially
             by
             
               the
               Corrector
               of
               a
               speech
               without
               dores
               ,
            
             written
             in
             the
             defence
             of
             M.
             
               Challoners
            
             Speech
             :
             Who
             is
             so
             bold
             as
             to
             tell
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             bound
             by
             their
             Covenant
             ▪
             (
             for
             the
             bringing
             of
             evill
             instruments
             to
             condigne
             punishment
             )
             to
             destroy
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Posterity
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             cannot
             justifie
             the
             taking
             away
             of
             
               Straffords
            
             and
             
               Canterburies
            
             lives
             for
             Delinquency
             ,
             whilst
             they
             suffer
             the
             cheif
             Delinquent
             to
             goe
             unpunished
             .
          
        
         
           
             §.
             VII
             .
             Of
             the
             Salvo's
             .
          
           
             THe
             
               Salvo's
            
             that
             we
             have
             usually
             met
             withall
             ,
             for
             the
             avoyding
             of
             the
             aforesaid
             scruples
             ,
             either
             concerning
             the
             whole
             Covenant
             ,
             or
             some
             particulars
             therein
             of
             speciall
             importance
             :
             We
             find
             upon
             examination
             to
             be
             no
             way
             satisfactory
             to
             our
             Consciences
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             that
             we
             may
             take
             the
             Covenant
             
               in
               our
               own
               sense
               :
            
             but
             this
             (
             in
             a
             matter
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             an
             imposed
             promisory
             Oath
             ,
             in
             the
             performance
             whereof
             others
             also
             are
             presumed
             to
             be
             concerned
             )
             seemeth
             to
             be
          
           
             
             1.
             
             Contrary
             
               to
               the
               Nature
               and
               end
               of
               an
               Oath
               ,
            
             which
             unlesse
             it
             be
             full
             of
             simplicity
             ,
             cannot
             be
             Sworn
             in
             Truth
             and
             Righteousnesse
             ,
             nor
             serve
             to
             the
             ending
             of
             controversies
             and
             contradictions
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             use
             for
             which
             it
             was
             instituted
             ,
             
               Heb.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Contrary
             
               to
               the
               end
               of
               Speech
               :
            
             God
             having
             given
             us
             the
             use
             of
             Speech
             for
             this
             end
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             be
             the
             interpreter
             of
             the
             minde
             ;
             it
             behoveth
             us
             as
             in
             all
             other
             our
             dealings
             and
             contracts
             ,
             so
             especially
             where
             there
             is
             the
             intervention
             of
             an
             Oath
             ,
             so
             to
             speak
             as
             that
             they
             ,
             whom
             it
             concerneth
             ,
             may
             clearly
             understand
             our
             meaning
             by
             our
             words
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Contrary
             to
             
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Covenant
            
             it self
             .
             Which
             being
             the
             confirmation
             of
             a
             firm
             union
             among
             the
             Covenanters
             ,
             that
             by
             taking
             thereof
             they
             might
             have
             mutuall
             assurance
             of
             mutuall
             assistance
             &
             defence
             :
             If
             one
             may
             be
             allowed
             to
             take
             it
             in
             one
             sense
             ,
             &
             another
             in
             a
             contrary
             ;
             the
             Covenanters
             shall
             
             have
             no
             more
             assurance
             of
             mutuall
             assistance
             each
             from
             other
             after
             the
             taking
             of
             the
             Covenant
             ,
             then
             they
             had
             before
             .
          
           
             
               4.
               
               Contrary
               to
               the
            
             Solemne
             profession
             
               made
               by
               each
               Covevanter
               (
               in
               expresse
               termes
               in
               the
               conclusion
               thereof
               )
            
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             Almighty
             God
             ,
             the
             searcher
             of
             all
             hearts
             ,
             
               that
               he
               taketh
               it
            
             with
             a
             true
             intention
             to
             perform
             the
             same
             ,
             as
             he
             shall
             answer
             it
             at
             the
             great
             day
             .
          
           
             2
             This
             will
             bring
             a
             scandall
             upon
             our
             Religion
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             we
             practice
             that
             our selves
             ,
             which
             we
             condemne
             in
             the
             Papist
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             Swearing
             with
             Jesuiticall
             equivocations
             and
             mentall
             reservations
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             we
             take
             the
             glorious
             and
             dreadfull
             Name
             of
             God
             in
             vaine
             ;
             and
             play
             fast
             and
             loose
             with
             Oathes
             :
             in
             as
             much
             as
             what
             we
             swear
             to
             day
             in
             one
             sense
             ,
             we
             may
             swear
             the
             direct
             contrary
             to
             morrow
             in
             another
             .
             And
          
           
             3.
             
             It
             will
             give
             strength
             to
             that
             charge
             which
             is
             layd
             to
             the
             Presbyterian
             party
             ,
             in
             speciall
             ,
             both
             
               a
            
             by
             
               Jesuites
            
             and
             
               b
            
             
               Sectaries
               ;
            
             that
             there
             is
             no
             faith
             to
             be
             given
             to
             Protestants
             ,
             whatever
             they
             swear
             ;
             because
             they
             may
             swear
             one
             thing
             in
             their
             Words
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             own
             sense
             mean
             another
             .
          
           
             
               The
               second
               way
               is
               ,
               to
               take
               the
               Covenant
               with
               these
               or
               the
            
             
             
               like
               generall
            
             Salvo's
             
               express●d
               ,
            
             viz.
             So
             far
             as
             lawfully
             I
             may
             ;
             So
             far
             as
             it
             is
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             Lawes
             of
             the
             Land
             ;
             Saving
             all
             Oathes
             by
             me
             formerly
             taken
             ,
             &c.
             
               But
            
          
           
             1.
             
             We
             beleeve
             this
             mocking
             of
             God
             would
             be
             so
             far
             from
             freeing
             us
             from
             the
             guilt
             of
             Perjury
             ,
             that
             thereby
             we
             should
             rather
             contract
             a
             new
             guilt
             of
             most
             vile
             and
             abominable
             Hypocrisie
             .
          
           
             2
             It
             seemeth
             all
             one
             unto
             us
             (
             the
             thing
             being
             otherwise
             supposed
             unlawfull
             )
             as
             if
             we
             should
             swear
             to
             kill
             ,
             steal
             ,
             commit
             adultery
             ,
             or
             forswear
             our selves
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             lawfully
             we
             may
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             If
             this
             would
             satisfie
             the
             Conscience
             ,
             we
             might
             with
             a
             good
             Conscience
             not
             only
             take
             the
             present
             Covenant
             ,
             but
             even
             subscribe
             to
             the
             
               Councell
               of
               Trent
            
             also
             ;
             yea
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             
               Turkish
               Alcoran
               ;
            
             and
             swear
             to
             maintain
             and
             defend
             either
             of
             them
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             so
             far
             as
             lawfully
             we
             may
             ,
             or
             as
             they
             are
             agreable
             to
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             .
          
           
             
             Thirdly
             ,
             for
             the
             
               second
               Article
            
             in
             particular
             ,
             in
             the
             branch
             concerning
             the
             extirpation
             of
             Church-Government
             ,
             we
             are
             told
             that
             it
             is
             to
             be
             understood
             of
             the
             whole
             Government
             ,
             taken
             collectively
             and
             in
             
               sensu
               composito
               ,
            
             so
             as
             if
             we
             doe
             endeavour
             but
             the
             taking
             away
             of
             
               Apparitors
            
             only
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             other
             one
             kind
             of
             inferiour
             officers
             belonging
             to
             the
             Ecclesiastcall
             Hierarchy
             ,
             we
             shall
             have
             sufficiently
             discharged
             our
             whole
             promise
             in
             that
             particular
             without
             any
             prejudice
             done
             to
             Episcopacy
             .
             But
          
           
             1.
             
             Neither
             the
             composers
             of
             the
             Covenant
             by
             their
             words
             ,
             nor
             the
             imposers
             of
             it
             by
             their
             Actions
             ,
             have
             given
             us
             the
             least
             signification
             that
             they
             meant
             no
             more
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Yea
             rather
             ,
             if
             we
             may
             judge
             either
             by
             the
             cause
             or
             the
             effects
             ,
             we
             may
             well
             think
             there
             was
             a
             meaning
             to
             extirpate
             the
             whole
             government
             ,
             and
             every
             part
             thereof
             in
             the
             Article
             expressed
             .
             For
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Covenant
             being
             (
             as
             we
             have
             no
             cause
             to
             doubt
             )
             framed
             at
             the
             instance
             of
             the
             Scots
             and
             for
             the
             easier
             procuring
             of
             their
             assistance
             in
             the
             late
             War
             ,
             was
             therefore
             in
             all
             reason
             so
             to
             be
             framed
             and
             understood
             as
             to
             give
             them
             satisfaction
             ,
             &
             (
             considering
             what
             themselves
             have
             
               c
            
             declared
             )
             against
             Episcopacy
             ,
             we
             have
             little
             reason
             to
             beleeve
             the
             taking
             away
             Apparitors
             ,
             or
             any
             thing
             ,
             lesse
             then
             the
             rooting
             out
             of
             Episcopacy
             it self
             ,
             would
             have
             satisfied
             them
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             proceedings
             also
             since
             the
             entring
             of
             this
             Covenant
             in
             endeavouring
             
               by
               Ordinance
               of
               Parliament
            
             to
             take
             away
             
             the
             Name
             ,
             Power
             ,
             and
             Revenues
             of
             Bishops
             doe
             sadly
             give
             us
             to
             understand
             ,
             what
             was
             their
             meaning
             therein
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             scruples
             that
             arise
             from
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             duty
             of
             Allegiance
             as
             Subjects
             ;
             we
             find
             two
             
             severall
             wayes
             of
             answering
             ,
             but
             little
             satisfaction
             in
             either
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             former
             ,
             by
             saying
             (
             which
             seemeth
             to
             us
             a
             piece
             of
             unreasonable
             and
             strange
             Divinity
             )
             that
             
               Protection
            
             and
             
               Subjection
            
             standing
             in
             relation
             either
             to
             other
             ,
             the
             King
             being
             now
             disabled
             to
             give
             us
             protection
             ,
             we
             are
             thereby
             freed
             from
             our
             bond
             of
             subjection
             .
             Whereas
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Subjects
             obligation
             
               (
               Jus
               subjectionis
               )
            
             doth
             not
             spring
             from
             ,
             nor
             relate
             unto
             the
             actuall
             exercise
             of
             Kingly
             protection
             ;
             but
             from
             and
             unto
             the
             Princes
             obligation
             to
             protect
             
               (
               Jus
               Protectionis
               .
               )
            
             Which
             obligation
             lying
             upon
             him
             as
             a
             duty
             which
             he
             is
             bound
             in
             conscience
             to
             performe
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             in
             his
             power
             so
             to
             doe
             ;
             the
             relative
             obligation
             thereunto
             lyeth
             upon
             us
             as
             a
             duty
             which
             we
             are
             bound
             in
             conscience
             to
             performe
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             in
             our
             power
             so
             to
             doe
             .
             His
             inability
             therefore
             to
             performe
             his
             duty
             doth
             not
             discharge
             us
             from
             the
             necessity
             of
             performing
             ours
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             we
             are
             able
             to
             doe
             it
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             If
             the
             King
             should
             not
             protect
             us
             ,
             but
             neglect
             his
             part
             ,
             though
             having
             power
             and
             ability
             to
             perform
             it
             ;
             his
             voluntary
             neglect
             ought
             not
             to
             free
             us
             from
             the
             faithfull
             performance
             of
             what
             is
             to
             be
             done
             on
             our
             part
             .
             How
             much
             lesse
             then
             ought
             we
             to
             think
             our selves
             dis-obliged
             from
             our
             subjection
             ,
             when
             the
             
               Non-protection
            
             on
             his
             part
             is
             not
             from
             the
             want
             of
             will
             ,
             but
             of
             power
             ?
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             later
             (
             wherein
             yet
             some
             have
             triumphed
             )
             by
             saying
             that
             the
             Parliament
             being
             the
             supreme
             Judicatory
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             the
             King
             ,
             
               wheresoever
               in
               person
               ,
            
             is
             ever
             present
             there
             
               in
               his
               power
               ,
            
             as
             in
             all
             other
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             :
             and
             that
             therefore
             whatsoever
             is
             done
             by
             them
             ,
             is
             not
             done
             without
             the
             King
             ,
             but
             by
             him
             .
             But
             craving
             pardon
             first
             ,
             if
             in
             things
             without
             our
             proper
             sphere
             we
             hap
             to
             speak
             unproperly
             or
             amisse
             ;
             We
             must
             next
             crave
             leave
             to
             be
             still
             of
             the
             same
             mind
             we
             were
             ,
             till
             it
             shall
             be
             made
             evident
             to
             our
             understandings
             ,
             
             that
             the
             King
             is
             there
             
               in
               his
               power
               ,
            
             as
             it
             is
             evident
             to
             our
             senses
             that
             he
             is
             not
             there
             
               in
               his
               Person
               :
            
             Which
             so
             far
             as
             our
             naturall
             reason
             and
             small
             experience
             will
             serve
             us
             to
             judge
             ,
             all
             that
             hath
             been
             said
             to
             that
             purpose
             can
             never
             doe
             .
          
           
             For
             ,
             first
             ,
             to
             the
             point
             of
             presence
             :
          
           
             1.
             
             We
             have
             been
             brought
             up
             in
             a
             beliefe
             that
             for
             the
             making
             of
             Lawes
             the
             actuall
             
               d
            
             
               Royall
               assent
            
             was
             simply
             necessary
             ,
             and
             not
             onely
             a
             virtuall
             assent
             supposed
             to
             be
             included
             in
             the
             Votes
             of
             the
             two
             Houses
             :
             otherwise
             ,
             what
             use
             can
             be
             made
             of
             his
             Negative
             voice
             ?
             or
             what
             need
             to
             
               e
            
             
               desire
               his
               Royall
               assent
               ,
            
             to
             that
             which
             may
             be
             done
             as
             well
             without
             it
             ?
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             
               f
            
             Statute
             ,
             providing
             that
             
               the
               Kings
               assent
               to
               any
               Bill
               signified
               under
               his
               great
               Seal
            
             shall
             be
             to
             all
             intents
             of
             Law
             as
             valid
             &
             effectual
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             were
             personally
             present
             ,
             doth
             clearly
             import
             that
             as
             to
             the
             effect
             of
             making
             a
             Law
             ,
             the
             Kings
             Power
             is
             not
             otherwise
             really
             present
             with
             the
             two
             Houses
             ,
             then
             it
             appeareth
             either
             in
             his
             Person
             or
             under
             his
             Seal
             :
             Any
             other
             
               real
               presence
            
             is
             to
             us
             a
             riddle
             ,
             not
             much
             unlike
             to
             that
             of
             
               Transubstantiation
               :
            
             an
             imaginary
             thing
             ,
             rather
             devised
             to
             serve
             
             turnes
             ,
             then
             believed
             by
             those
             that
             are
             content
             to
             make
             use
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Such
             presence
             of
             the
             King
             there
             ,
             when
             it
             shall
             be
             made
             appeare
             to
             us
             either
             from
             the
             writs
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Members
             of
             both
             Houses
             are
             called
             together
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             standing
             Lawes
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             acknowledged
             judgement
             ,
             and
             continued
             practice
             of
             former
             and
             later
             ages
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             expresse
             from
             the
             King
             himself
             ,
             clearly
             declaring
             his
             minde
             to
             that
             purpose
             ,
             we
             shall
             then
             as
             becometh
             us
             ,
             acknowledge
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             willingly
             submit
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             for
             the
             Argument
             drawn
             from
             the
             
               Analogie
            
             of
             other
             Courts
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Kings
             Power
             is
             alwayes
             supposed
             to
             be
             virtually
             present
             ,
             under
             submission
             we
             conceive
             it
             is
             of
             no
             consequence
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Arguments
             
               à
               minore
            
             and
             
               ȧ
               majore
            
             are
             subject
             to
             many
             fallacies
             ;
             and
             unlesse
             there
             be
             a
             parity
             of
             reason
             in
             every
             requisite
             respect
             between
             the
             things
             compared
             ,
             will
             not
             hold
             good
             :
             A
             Pety
             Constable
             (
             they
             say
             )
             may
             doe
             something
             which
             a
             Justice
             of
             Peace
             cannot
             doe
             :
             And
             the
             Steward
             of
             a
             pety
             Mannour
             hath
             power
             to
             adminster
             an
             Oath
             ,
             which
             (
             as
             we
             are
             told
             )
             the
             House
             of
             Commons
             it self
             hath
             no
             power
             to
             doe
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             the
             high
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             is
             the
             supream
             Judicatory
             ,
             we
             have
             been
             told
             it
             is
             by
             vertue
             of
             the
             Kings
             right
             of
             presiding
             there
             ,
             he
             being
             
               g
            
             the
             
               Supream
               Judge
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Members
             of
             both
             Houses
             his
             Councell
             :
             Which
             being
             so
             ,
             the
             reason
             of
             difference
             is
             plaine
             between
             that
             and
             other
             Judicatories
             in
             sundry
             respects
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Judges
             in
             other
             Courts
             are
             deputed
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             doe
             all
             in
             his
             name
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             authority
             ;
             and
             therefore
             the
             presence
             of
             his
             power
             in
             those
             Courts
             of
             ministeriall
             Jurisdiction
             is
             sufficient
             ,
             his
             personall
             presence
             not
             necessary
             ,
             neither
             hath
             he
             any
             personall
             vote
             therein
             at
             all
             .
             But
             in
             the
             high
             
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             where
             the
             King
             himself
             is
             the
             Supreme
             Judge
             ,
             judging
             in
             his
             own
             name
             and
             by
             his
             own
             authority
             ,
             his
             Power
             cannot
             be
             presumed
             to
             be
             really
             present
             without
             either
             the
             actuall
             presence
             of
             his
             person
             ,
             or
             some
             virtuall
             representation
             thereof
             signified
             under
             his
             great
             Seal
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Judges
             in
             inferiour
             Courts
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             to
             act
             all
             in
             his
             name
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Authority
             ,
             doe
             therefore
             take
             Oathes
             of
             fidelity
             for
             the
             right
             exercising
             of
             Judicature
             in
             their
             severall
             places
             ;
             sitting
             there
             ,
             not
             by
             any
             proper
             interest
             of
             their
             owne
             ,
             but
             only
             in
             right
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             whose
             Judges
             they
             are
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             are
             called
             the
             Kings
             Judges
             and
             his
             Ministers
             .
             But
             in
             the
             high
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             the
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             sit
             there
             in
             Councell
             with
             the
             King
             as
             Supreme
             Judge
             for
             the
             good
             of
             the
             whole
             Realm
             ;
             and
             therefore
             they
             are
             not
             called
             the
             Kings
             Judges
             ,
             but
             the
             Kings
             Councell
             :
             and
             they
             have
             their
             severall
             proper
             rights
             and
             interests
             peculiar
             and
             distinct
             both
             between
             themselves
             ,
             &
             from
             that
             of
             the
             Kings
             ;
             by
             reason
             whereof
             they
             become
             
               distinct
            
             
               h
            
             
               Orders
               ,
            
             or
             ,
             as
             of
             late
             times
             they
             have
             been
             stiled
             (
             in
             this
             sense
             as
             we
             conceive
             )
             
               i
            
             
               three
               distinct
               Estates
               .
            
             Each
             of
             which
             being
             supposed
             to
             be
             the
             best
             Conservators
             of
             their
             own
             proper
             interest
             ;
             if
             the
             power
             of
             any
             one
             Estate
             should
             be
             presumed
             to
             be
             virtually
             present
             in
             the
             other
             two
             ,
             that
             Estate
             must
             needs
             be
             in
             inevitably
             liable
             to
             suffer
             in
             the
             proper
             Interests
             thereof
             .
             Which
             might
             quickly
             prove
             destructive
             to
             the
             whole
             Kingdome
             :
             The
             safety
             and
             prosperity
             of
             the
             whole
             consisting
             in
             the
             conservation
             of
             the
             just
             rights
             and
             proper
             interests
             of
             the
             maine
             parts
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             The
             King
             ,
             Lords
             ,
             and
             Commons
             ,
             inviolate
             and
             entire
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Judges
             of
             other
             Courts
             ,
             for
             as
             much
             as
             their
             power
             is
             but
             ministeriall
             and
             meerly
             Judiciall
             ▪
             are
             bounded
             by
             the
             present
             Lawes
             ,
             and
             limited
             also
             by
             their
             owne
             Acts
             :
             so
             as
             
             they
             may
             neither
             swerve
             from
             the
             Laws
             ,
             in
             giving
             Judgement
             ,
             nor
             reverse
             their
             owne
             Judgements
             after
             they
             are
             given
             .
             But
             the
             High
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             having
             (
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Kings
             Supreme
             Power
             presiding
             therein
             )
             a
             Power
             Legislative
             as
             well
             as
             Judiciall
             ,
             are
             not
             so
             limited
             by
             any
             earthly
             Power
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             may
             change
             and
             over-rule
             the
             Lawes
             ,
             and
             their
             own
             Acts
             at
             their
             pleasure
             .
             The
             Kings
             Personall
             assent
             therefore
             is
             not
             needfull
             in
             those
             other
             Courts
             ,
             which
             are
             bounded
             by
             those
             Lawes
             whereunto
             the
             King
             hath
             already
             given
             his
             personall
             assent
             :
             but
             unto
             any
             Act
             of
             Power
             beside
             ,
             beyond
             ,
             above
             ,
             or
             against
             the
             Lawes
             already
             established
             ,
             we
             have
             been
             informed
             ,
             and
             it
             seems
             to
             us
             very
             agreeable
             to
             reason
             ,
             that
             the
             Kings
             Personall
             Assent
             should
             be
             absolutely
             necessary
             :
             Forasmuch
             as
             every
             such
             Act
             is
             the
             exercise
             of
             a
             Legislative
             rather
             then
             of
             a
             Judiciall
             power
             ;
             and
             no
             Act
             of
             Legislative
             power
             in
             any
             Community
             (
             by
             consent
             of
             all
             Nations
             )
             can
             be
             valid
             ,
             unlesse
             it
             be
             confirmed
             by
             such
             person
             or
             persons
             as
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             that
             Community
             resideth
             in
             .
             Which
             Soveraignty
             ,
             with
             us
             ,
             so
             undoubtedly
             resideth
             in
             the
             person
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             that
             his
             ordinary
             style
             runneth
             ,
             —
             
               Our
            
             
               k
            
             
               Soveraign
               Lord
               the
               King
               :
            
             And
             he
             is
             in
             the
             Oath
             of
             Supremacie
             expresly
             acknowledged
             to
             be
             
               the
               onely
               Supreme
               Governour
               within
               his
               Realmes
               .
            
             And
             we
             leave
             it
             to
             the
             wisdome
             of
             others
             to
             consider
             ,
             what
             misery
             and
             mischief
             might
             come
             to
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             if
             the
             power
             of
             any
             of
             these
             
               three
               Estates
            
             should
             be
             swallowed
             up
             by
             any
             one
             or
             both
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             if
             then
             under
             the
             name
             of
             a
             Judiciall
             there
             should
             be
             yee
             really
             exercised
             a
             Legislative
             power
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Since
             all
             Judiciall
             Power
             is
             radically
             and
             originally
             in
             the
             
             King
             ,
             (
             who
             is
             for
             that
             cause
             styled
             by
             the
             Lawes
             
               l
            
             
               The
               Fountaine
               of
               Justice
               )
            
             and
             not
             in
             any
             other
             Person
             or
             Persons
             ,
             but
             by
             derivation
             from
             him
             :
             it
             seemeth
             to
             us
             evident
             ,
             that
             neither
             the
             Judges
             of
             inferiour
             Courts
             of
             ministeriall
             Justice
             ,
             nor
             the
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             assembled
             in
             the
             High
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             may
             of
             right
             exercise
             any
             other
             power
             over
             the
             Subjects
             of
             this
             Realm
             ,
             then
             such
             as
             by
             their
             respective
             Patents
             and
             Writs
             issued
             from
             the
             King
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             known
             established
             Laws
             of
             the
             Land
             formerly
             assented
             unto
             by
             the
             Kings
             of
             this
             Realm
             doth
             appear
             to
             have
             been
             from
             him
             derived
             unto
             them
             .
             Which
             Lawes
             ,
             Patents
             and
             Writs
             being
             the
             exact
             boundary
             of
             their
             severall
             Powers
             ,
             it
             hath
             not
             yet
             been
             made
             appeare
             to
             our
             understandings
             ,
             either
             from
             the
             Lawes
             of
             the
             Realme
             ,
             or
             from
             the
             tenour
             of
             those
             Writs
             by
             which
             the
             Parliament
             is
             called
             ,
             that
             the
             two
             Houses
             of
             Parliament
             have
             any
             power
             without
             the
             King
             to
             
               order
               ,
               command
               ,
               or
               transact
               ;
            
             but
             with
             him
             
               m
            
             to
             
               treat
               ,
               consult
               ,
               and
               advise
            
             concerning
             the
             great
             affairs
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             .
             In
             which
             respect
             they
             have
             sundry
             times
             in
             their
             Declarations
             to
             His
             Majesty
             called
             themselves
             by
             the
             name
             of
             His
             great
             Councell
             .
             And
             those
             Lawes
             and
             Writs
             are
             (
             as
             we
             conceive
             )
             the
             proper
             Topick
             ,
             from
             which
             the
             just
             power
             of
             the
             Honourable
             Houses
             can
             be
             convincingly
             deduced
             :
             and
             not
             such
             fraile
             Collections
             as
             the
             wits
             of
             men
             may
             raise
             from
             seeming
             Analogies
             and
             Proportions
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             §
             VIII
             .
             Of
             the
             Negative
             Oath
             .
          
           
             WE
             are
             not
             satisfied
             ,
             how
             we
             can
             submit
             to
             the
             taking
             of
             the
             
               Negative
               Oath
               ,
            
          
           
             1.
             
             Without
             forfeiture
             of
             that
             
               liberty
               ,
            
             which
             we
             have
             sworne
             and
             are
             bound
             to
             preserve
             .
             With
             which
             liberty
             we
             conceive
             it
             to
             be
             inconsistent
             ,
             that
             any
             obligation
             should
             be
             laid
             upon
             the
             Subject
             ,
             by
             an
             oath
             not
             established
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             2
             ,
             Without
             abjuring
             our
             
               a
            
             
               naturall
               Allegiance
               ,
            
             and
             violating
             the
             
               Oathes
               of
               Supremacy
               and
               Allegiance
            
             by
             us
             formerly
             taken
             .
             By
             all
             which
             being
             bound
             to
             our
             power
             
               to
               assist
               the
               King
               ,
            
             we
             are
             by
             this
             
               Negative
               Oath
            
             required
             to
             swear
             ,
             from
             our
             heart
             ,
             
               not
               to
               assist
               him
               .
            
          
           
             3.
             
             Without
             
               diminution
               of
               His
               Majesties
               just
               Power
               and
               greatnesse
               ,
            
             contrary
             to
             the
             third
             Article
             of
             the
             Covenant
             ;
             by
             acknowledging
             a
             power
             in
             the
             two
             Houses
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             in
             opposition
             to
             the
             Kings
             Power
             .
             Whereas
             we
             professe
             our selves
             unable
             to
             understand
             ,
             how
             there
             can
             be
             any
             lawfull
             power
             exercised
             within
             this
             Realme
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             subordinate
             to
             the
             power
             of
             the
             King
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             §.
             IX
             .
             Of
             the
             Ordinances
             conc●rning
             the
             Discipline
             and
             Directory
             .
          
           
             
             FIrst
             ,
             concerning
             them
             all
             together
             ;
             we
             are
             not
             satisfied
             how
             we
             can
             submit
             to
             such
             Ordinances
             of
             the
             two
             Houses
             of
             Parliament
             not
             having
             the
             
               Royall
               Assent
               ,
            
          
           
             1.
             
             As
             are
             ▪
             contrary
             to
             the
             established
             Lawes
             of
             this
             Realm
             contained
             in
             such
             Acts
             of
             Parliament
             as
             were
             made
             by
             the
             joynt
             consent
             of
             King
             ,
             Lords
             ,
             and
             Commons
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Nor
             so
             onely
             ,
             but
             also
             pretend
             by
             repeal
             to
             abrogate
             such
             Act
             or
             Acts
             .
             For
             ,
             since
             
               Ejusdem
               est
               potestati●
               destruere
               cujus
               est
               constituere
               ,
            
             it
             will
             not
             sink
             with
             us
             ,
             that
             a
             lesser
             power
             can
             have
             a
             just
             right
             to
             cancell
             and
             annull
             the
             Act
             of
             a
             greater
             .
          
           
             
             3.
             
             Especially
             the
             whole
             power
             of
             ordering
             all
             matters
             Ecclesiasticall
             being
             by
             the
             Lawes
             in
             expresse
             words
             
               for
               ever
               annexed
               to
               the
               Imperiall
               Crown
               of
               this
               Realm
               .
            
             And
             upon
             what
             head
             that
             Crown
             ought
             to
             stand
             ,
             none
             can
             be
             ignorant
             .
          
           
             
             As
             to
             the
             particular
             Ordinances
             :
             those
             that
             concern
             
               the
               Discipline
               ,
            
             first
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             If
             under
             that
             title
             be
             comprehended
             the
             
               Government
            
             also
             :
             we
             cannot
             submit
             thereunto
             ▪
             without
             consenting
             to
             the
             eradication
             of
             a
             Government
             of
             reverend
             Antiquity
             in
             the
             Church
             .
             Which
             (
             notwithstanding
             the
             severall
             changes
             of
             Religion
             within
             this
             Realm
             )
             hath
             yet
             from
             time
             to
             time
             been
             continued
             and
             confirmed
             ●y
             the
             Pu●lique
             Laws
             and
             Great
             Charters
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             :
             then
             which
             there
             cannot
             be
             a
             more
             ample
             testimony
             that
             it
             was
             ever
             held
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Civill
             Government
             and
             the
             Su●jects
             liberty
             .
             Which
             also
             the
             successive
             Kings
             of
             this
             Realme
             at
             their
             severall
             Coronations
             have
             solemnly
             sworn
             to
             preserve
             .
             And
             the
             continuance
             whereof
             for
             sundry
             reasons
             before
             (
             upon
             the
             second
             Article
             of
             the
             Covenant
             )
             specified
             ,
             we
             heartily
             wish
             and
             desire
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             But
             if
             the
             word
             
               Discipline
            
             be
             taken
             (
             as
             it
             is
             in
             the
             first
             Article
             
             of
             the
             Covenant
             )
             as
             
               contradistinguished
               unto
               the
               Government
               :
            
             there
             is
             something
             even
             in
             that
             also
             ,
             wherein
             we
             are
             not
             fully
             satisfied
             ,
             
               viz.
            
             the
             leaving
             of
             so
             much
             power
             in
             so
             many
             persons
             ,
             and
             those
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             of
             meane
             quality
             ,
             for
             the
             keeping
             back
             of
             thousands
             of
             well-meaning
             Christians
             from
             the
             benefit
             and
             comfort
             of
             the
             blessed
             Sacrament
             .
             An
             Austerity
             ,
             for
             which
             there
             appeareth
             not
             to
             us
             any
             probable
             warrant
             from
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             :
             B●●
             which
             seemeth
             rather
             repugnant
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             generall
             principles
             of
             Christian
             prudence
             and
             charity
             ,
             so
             to
             the
             directions
             and
             practice
             of
             S.
             
               Paul
            
             in
             particular
             ;
             who
             in
             a
             Church
             abounding
             with
             sundry
             
             errors
             and
             corruptions
             both
             in
             faith
             and
             manners
             ,
             (
             having
             first
             given
             order
             for
             the
             excommunicating
             of
             one
             onely
             person
             that
             by
             shamelesse
             continuance
             in
             a
             notorious
             sinne
             had
             brought
             a
             foule
             scandall
             upon
             the
             Gospell
             )
             sufficing
             himself
             then
             with
             a
             generall
             proposall
             of
             the
             great
             danger
             of
             
               unworthy
               communicating
               ,
            
             remitteth
             every
             other
             particular
             person
             to
             a
             
               selfe-examination
               ;
            
             without
             any
             order
             either
             to
             
             Ministers
             or
             Lay-Elders
             to
             exclude
             any
             from
             the
             holy
             Communion
             upon
             their
             Examination
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             Ordinance
             concerning
             the
             
               Directory
            
             in
             particular
             :
             
             we
             cannot
             without
             regret
             of
             Conscience
             ,
             (
             during
             our
             present
             judgement
             ,
             and
             the
             continuance
             of
             the
             present
             Lawes
             )
             consent
             to
             the
             taking
             away
             of
             
               the
               Book
               of
               Common-Prayer
               .
            
          
           
             1.
             
             Which
             by
             our
             Subscriptions
             most
             of
             us
             have
             approved
             :
             with
             a
             solemne
             promise
             therewithall
             ▪
             in
             the
             publique
             Service
             to
             use
             the
             forme
             prescribed
             therein
             ,
             and
             no
             other
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Which
             ,
             according
             to
             our
             said
             Subscription
             and
             Promise
             ,
             and
             our
             bounden
             duty
             according
             to
             the
             Statute
             in
             that
             
             case
             provided
             ,
             we
             have
             hitherto
             used
             in
             our
             Churches
             ,
             Chappels
             ,
             and
             other
             Oratories
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             benefit
             and
             comfort
             of
             our
             soules
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Which
             we
             verily
             beleeve
             not
             to
             contain
             any
             thing
             which
             (
             with
             such
             favourable
             construction
             as
             of
             right
             ought
             to
             be
             allowed
             to
             all
             manner
             of
             Writings
             )
             is
             not
             justly
             defensible
             ;
             which
             hath
             not
             been
             by
             learned
             and
             godly
             men
             sufficiently
             maintained
             against
             such
             exceptions
             as
             haue
             been
             heretofore
             taken
             thereat
             ;
             and
             which
             we
             are
             not
             confident
             (
             by
             the
             Assistance
             
             of
             Almighty
             God
             )
             we
             shall
             be
             able
             to
             justifi●
             (
             as
             occasion
             shall
             be
             offered
             )
             against
             all
             Papists
             ,
             and
             other
             oppugners
             or
             depravers
             thereof
             whatsoever
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Which
             is
             established
             by
             an
             
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
            
             made
             (
             in
             peaceable
             times
             )
             by
             as
             good
             and
             full
             authority
             as
             any
             under
             heaven
             can
             have
             over
             us
             .
             Which
             doth
             so
             weigh
             with
             us
             ,
             that
             as
             it
             freeth
             us
             from
             the
             necessity
             of
             giving
             in
             any
             particular
             exceptions
             against
             the
             Directory
             or
             any
             thing
             therein
             contained
             :
             so
             it
             layeth
             an
             inevitable
             necessity
             upon
             us
             of
             continuing
             the
             forme
             of
             Prayer
             therein
             enjoyned
             ,
             &
             of
             not
             admitting
             any
             Directory
             or
             other
             forme
             to
             the
             prejudice
             thereof
             ,
             till
             the
             said
             Act
             shall
             by
             the
             like
             good
             and
             full
             authority
             be
             repealed
             .
          
           
             In
             which
             Statute
             there
             is
             not
             onely
             an
             
               expresse
               Command
            
             given
             to
             all
             Ministers
             for
             the
             using
             of
             the
             same
             ;
             but
             there
             are
             also
             
               sanctions
               of
               severe
               punishments
            
             to
             be
             inflicted
             upon
             such
             of
             them
             as
             shall
             refuse
             so
             to
             doe
             ;
             or
             shall
             preach
             ,
             declare
             or
             speak
             any
             thing
             to
             the
             derogation
             or
             depraving
             of
             the
             Book
             of
             Common
             Prayer
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             thing
             therein
             contained
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             part
             thereof
             :
             with
             punishments
             also
             to
             be
             inflicted
             upon
             every
             other
             person
             whatsoever
             
               (
               the
               Lords
               of
               the
               Parliament
            
             not
             excepted
             )
             that
             shall
             in
             like
             manner
             declare
             or
             speak
             against
             the
             said
             Book
             ;
             or
             shall
             by
             deed
             or
             threatning
             compell
             or
             otherwise
             procure
             or
             maintain
             any
             Minister
             to
             say
             open
             Prayer
             ,
             or
             to
             minister
             any
             Sacrament
             in
             any
             other
             manner
             or
             forme
             then
             is
             mentioned
             in
             the
             said
             Book
             ;
             or
             shall
             interrupt
             or
             hinder
             any
             Minister
             in
             the
             use
             of
             the
             said
             formes
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             words
             of
             the
             said
             Statute
             more
             at
             large
             may
             appeare
             .
          
           
             Which
             Statute
             also
             hath
             had
             such
             an
             universall
             powerfull
             influence
             into
             the
             succeeding
             times
             ,
             that
             in
             all
             such
             
               *
            
             Statutes
             as
             have
             been
             since
             made
             against
             Popish
             Recusants
             ,
             the
             refusing
             to
             
               be
               present
               at
               Common-Prayer
               ,
               or
               to
               receive
               the
               Sacrament
               according
               to
               the
               formes
               and
               rites
            
             mentioned
             in
             that
             Book
             ,
             is
             expressed
             as
             the
             most
             proper
             legall
             character
             ,
             whereby
             to
             distinguish
             a
             
               Popish
               Recusant
            
             from
             a
             true
             Protestant
             .
             In
             so
             much
             that
             use
             hath
             been
             made
             of
             that
             very
             Character
             in
             sundry
             Acts
             ,
             since
             the
             beginning
             of
             this
             present
             Parliament
             for
             the
             taxing
             of
             double
             payments
             upon
             Recusants
             .
          
           
           
             THus
             have
             we
             clearly
             and
             freely
             represented
             our
             present
             judgement
             concerning
             the
             said
             Covenant
             ,
             Negative
             Oath
             ,
             and
             Ordinances
             ;
             which
             upon
             better
             information
             in
             any
             particular
             ,
             we
             shall
             be
             ready
             to
             rectifie
             .
             Onely
             we
             desire
             it
             may
             be
             considered
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             one
             single
             scruple
             or
             reason
             in
             any
             the
             premisses
             remaine
             unsatisfied
             ,
             (
             though
             we
             should
             receive
             full
             satisfaction
             in
             all
             the
             rest
             )
             the
             Conscience
             would
             also
             remain
             still
             unsatisfied
             .
             And
             in
             that
             case
             ,
             it
             can
             neither
             be
             reasonable
             for
             them
             that
             cannot
             satisfie
             us
             to
             presse
             us
             ,
             nor
             lawfull
             for
             us
             that
             cannot
             be
             satisfied
             to
             submit
             to
             the
             said
             Covenant
             ,
             Oath
             and
             Ordinances
             .
          
        
         
           
             QUINTIL
             .
          
           
             Quis
             damnaverit
             eum
             ,
             qui
             duabus
             potentissimis
             rebus
             defenditur
             ,
             Jure
             &
             mente
             ?
          
           
             ROM.
             14.
             22.
             
          
           
             Happy
             is
             he
             that
             condemneth
             not
             himselfe
             in
             that
             which
             he
             alloweth
             .
          
        
         
           THE
           END
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           ERRATA
           .
        
         
           Page
           23.
           marg.
           read
           
             Haeretici
             .
          
           pag.
           24.
           l.
           12.
           read
           
             Ecclesiasticall
             .
          
           p.
           24.
           l.
           27.
           r.
           
             declared
             against
             Episcopacie
             )
          
           p.
           26.
           l
           ▪
           ult.
           marg.
           r.
           
             Hen.
          
           3.
           p.
           28.
           l.
           24.
           r.
           
             be
             inevitably
             .
          
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A94141e-530
           
             a
             Such
             an
             Oath
             ,
             as
             for
             Matter
             ,
             Persons
             ,
             and
             other
             Circumstances
             ,
             the
             like
             hath
             not
             been
             in
             any
             Age
             or
             Oath
             we
             read
             of
             in
             sacred
             or
             humane
             stories
             .
             
               M.
            
             Nye
             ,
             
               Covenant
               with
               Narrative
               ,
               pag.
               12.
               
            
          
           
             a
             Pactum
             est
             duorum
             pluri●mv●
             in
             idem
             placitū
             consensus
             .
             
               L.
               1.
               ff.
               de
               Pactis
               .
            
          
           
             b
             Whereas
             many
             of
             them
             have
             had
             an
             oath
             administred
             unto
             them
             not
             warrantable
             by
             the
             Lawes
             and
             Statutes
             of
             this
             Realme
             ,
             They
             doe
             humbly
             pray
             that
             no
             man
             hereafter
             be
             compelled
             to
             take
             such
             an
             oath
             —
             All
             which
             they
             most
             humbly
             pray
             —
             as
             their
             rights
             and
             liberties
             according
             to
             the
             Lawes
             and
             Statutes
             of
             this
             Realme
             .
             
               Petit.
               of
               Right
               ,
               3.
               
            
          
           
             c
             
               It
               is
               declared
               16
            
             Jan.
             
               1642.
               
               That
               the
               King
               cannot
            
             compell
             men
             to
             be
             sworne
             without
             an
             act
             of
             Parliament
             .
             
               Exact
               Collect.
               pag.
               859
               ,
               860.
               
            
          
           
             d
             Proclam
             .
             of
             
               9.
            
             Octob.
             
               19.
               
            
             Car.
             
          
           
             
               (
               viz.
               )
            
             In
             accounting
             Bishops
             Antichristian
             ,
             and
             indifferent
             Ceremonies
             unlawfull
             .
          
           
             b
             
               viz.
            
             In
             making
             their
             discipline
             and
             government
             a
             mark
             of
             the
             true
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             setting
             up
             thereof
             the
             erecting
             of
             the
             throne
             of
             Christ
             .
          
           
             c
             Let
             us
             not
             be
             blamed
             if
             we
             call
             it
             Parliament
             Religion
             ,
             Parliament
             Gospel
             ,
             Parliament
             Faith
             .
             
               Harding
               confut
               .
               of
               Apology
               ,
               part
               6.
               Chap.
               2.
               
            
          
           
             d
             
               Stat.
            
             13.
             
               Eliz.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             e
             Such
             jurisdictions
             ,
             privileges
             ,
             superiorities
             and
             preheminences
             spirituall
             and
             ecclesiasticall
             ,
             as
             by
             any
             ,
             &c.
             for
             the
             Visitation
             of
             the
             Ecclesiasticall
             State
             and
             Persons
             ,
             and
             for
             reformation
             ,
             order
             and
             correction
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             manner
             errors
             ,
             heresies
             ,
             schismes
             ,
             abuses
             ,
             offences
             ,
             contempts
             and
             enormities
             ,
             shall
             for
             ever
             by
             authority
             of
             this
             present
             Parliament
             be
             united
             and
             annexed
             to
             the
             Imperiall
             Crown
             of
             this
             Realme
             .
             
               An
               Act
               restoring
               to
               the
               Crowne
               the
               antient
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               &c.
               
               1
               Elizab.
               1.
               
            
          
           
             a
             
               Art.
            
             36.
             
          
           
             b
             —
             give
             advantage
             to
             this
             Malignant
             party
             to
             traduce
             our
             Proceedings
             .
             They
             infuse
             into
             the
             people
             that
             we
             mean
             to
             abolish
             all
             Church-Government
             —
             
               Remonst
               .
               15.
               
               Dec.
               1641.
               
               Exact
               Collect.
               pag.
               19.
               
            
             The
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             doe
             declare
             ,
             That
             they
             intend
             a
             due
             and
             necessary
             Reformation
             of
             the
             Government
             and
             Liturgie
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             and
             to
             take
             away
             nothing
             in
             the
             one
             or
             in
             the
             other
             ,
             but
             what
             shall
             be
             evill
             ,
             and
             justly
             offensive
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             unnecessary
             and
             burthensome
             .
             
               Declar.
               9.
               
               Apr.
               1642.
               
               Exact
               Coll.
               p.
               135.
               
            
          
           
             c
             Statut.
             of
             Carlile
             
               25.
            
             E.
             
               1.
            
             recited
             
               25.
            
             E.
             
               3.
               
            
          
           
             d
             They
             infuse
             into
             the
             people
             ,
             that
             we
             mean
             —
             to
             leave
             every
             man
             to
             his
             own
             fancie
             —
             absolving
             him
             of
             that
             Obedience
             which
             he
             owes
             under
             God
             unto
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             whom
             we
             know
             to
             be
             entrusted
             with
             the
             Ecclesiasticall
             Law
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             with
             the
             Temporall
             .
             
               Exact
               Collect.
               ubi
               sup
               .
               p.
               19.
               
            
          
           
             e
             
               That
               he
               will
            
             grant
             ,
             keep
             and
             confirm
             the
             Laws
             ,
             Customes
             ,
             and
             Franchises
             ,
             granted
             to
             the
             Clergie
             by
             the
             glorious
             King
             S.
             
               Edward
               .
            
             And
             that
             he
             will
             grant
             and
             preserve
             unto
             the
             Bishops
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Churches
             committed
             to
             their
             charge
             ,
             all
             Canonicall
             Privileges
             and
             due
             Law
             and
             Justice
             ;
             and
             that
             he
             will
             protect
             and
             defend
             them
             ,
             as
             every
             good
             King
             in
             his
             Kingdome
             ought
             to
             be
             Protector
             and
             Defender
             of
             the
             Bishops
             and
             the
             Churches
             under
             their
             Government
             .
             
               Vide
               Exact
               Coll.
               p.
               290
               ,
               291.
               
            
          
           
             f
             
               See
               Stat.
            
             25.
             
               H.
            
             8.
             20.
             
             &
             1.
             
               E.
            
             6.
             2.
             
          
           
             g
             See
             Stat.
             
               39.
            
             Eliz.
             
               8.
               
            
          
           
             h
             
               Stat.
            
             14.
             
               E.
            
             3.
             4.
             
             &
             5.
             
             &
             17.
             
               E.
            
             3.
             14
             
          
           
             i
             
               Stat.
            
             26.
             
               H.
            
             8.
             3.
             
             &
             1.
             
               Eliz.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             k
             —
             Supremam
             potestatem
             &
             merū
             imperium
             apud
             nos
             habet
             Rex
             .
             
               Cambd.
            
             Whereas
             by
             sundry
             divers
             old
             authentique
             Histories
             &
             Chronicles
             it
             is
             manifestly
             declared
             and
             expressed
             ,
             that
             this
             Realm
             of
             England
             is
             an
             Empire
             ,
             and
             so
             hath
             been
             accepted
             in
             the
             w●rld
             ,
             governed
             by
             one
             Supream
             Head
             and
             King
             ,
             having
             the
             dignity
             and
             royall
             estate
             of
             the
             Imperiall
             Crown
             of
             the
             same
             .
             
               Stat.
               24.
               H.
               8.
               12.
               
               See
               also
               1
               Elizab.
               3.
               
            
          
           
             a
             The
             Lords
             &
             Commons
             doe
             declare
             ,
             That
             they
             intend
             a
             due
             and
             necessary
             Reformation
             of
             the
             Liturgie
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             and
             to
             take
             away
             nothing
             therein
             but
             what
             shall
             be
             evill
             ,
             and
             justly
             offensive
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             unnecessary
             and
             burthensome
             .
             
               Declarat
               .
               9.
               
               Apr.
               1642.
               
               Exact
               Coll.
               pag.
               135.
               
            
          
           
             
               (
               c
               )
            
             From
             whence
             it
             is
             most
             evident
             ,
             that
             the
             Rights
             and
             Privileges
             of
             the
             Parliaments
             and
             Liberties
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             are
             in
             the
             first
             place
             to
             be
             preserved
             .
             
               Answ
               .
               to
               Scotish
               Papers
               ,
               18.
               
                 Nov.
              
               1646.
               page
               21.
               
            
          
           
             d
             We
             observe
             you
             mention
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             King
             twice
             from
             the
             Covenant
             ,
             yet
             in
             both
             places
             leave
             out
             
               In
               the
               preservation
               and
               ,
               &c.
               pag.
               39.
               
               &
               46.
            
             a
             maine
             clause
             ,
             without
             which
             the
             other
             part
             ought
             never
             to
             be
             mentioned
             .
             
               pag.
               56.
               
            
          
           
             a
             Haeretia
             nec
             Deo
             ,
             nec
             hominibus
             ser●●●t
             fidem
             .
             —
             Speciatim
             h●●
             addo
             ,
             Calvinistas
             in
             hac
             re
             deteriores
             esse
             qu●m
             Lutheranos
             .
             Nam
             Calvinistae
             nullam
             servant
             fidem
             :
             Jura
             ,
             perjura
             .
             —
             Lutherani
             moderatiores
             sunt
             .
             
               Becan
               .
               5.
               
               Manual
               .
               Controv.
               14.
               n.
               4.
               
               &
               6.
               
            
          
           
             b
             Invent
             Oathes
             and
             Covenants
             for
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             dispence
             with
             them
             when
             he
             pleaseth
             ,
             sweare
             and
             forsweare
             as
             the
             wind
             turneth
             ,
             like
             a
             godly
             Presbyter
             .
             
               Arraig
               .
               of
               Persec
               .
               in
               Epist.
               Ded.
               
            
          
           
             c
             By
             the
             Covenant
             ,
             both
             Houses
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             &
             many
             thousands
             of
             other
             His
             Majesties
             Subjects
             of
             England
             and
             Ireland
             stand
             bound
             as
             well
             as
             we
             to
             hinder
             the
             setting
             up
             of
             the
             Church-Government
             by
             Bishops
             in
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Scotland
             :
             And
             that
             we
             as
             well
             as
             they
             stand
             bound
             to
             endeavour
             the
             extirpation
             thereof
             in
             England
             and
             Ireland
             .
             
               Scots
               Declar.
               to
               the
               States
               of
               the
               United
               Provinces
               ,
               5.
               
               Aug.
               1645.
               recited
               in
               Answer
               to
               the
               Scots
               Papers
               ,
               pag.
               23.
               
            
          
           
             d
             
               
                 The
                 old
                 formes
                 of
                 Acts
                 of
                 Parliam
                 .
                 were
                 ,
              
               The
               King
               willeth
               ,
               provideth
               ,
               ordaineth
               ,
               establisheth
               ,
               granteth
               ,
               &c.
               by
               the
               assent
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               &c.
               
               
                 See
                 Statutes
                 till
                 1
              
               H.
               
                 4.
                 
                 After
                 that
                 ,
              
               The
               King
               ,
               of
               the
               assent
               of
               the
               Lords
               Spirituall
               and
               Temporall
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               speciall
               instance
               and
               request
               of
               the
               Commons
               of
               this
               Realm
               ,
               hath
               ordained
               ,
               &c.
               
               
                 See
                 Statutes
                 1
              
               H.
               
                 4.
                 till
                 1
              
               H.
               
                 7.
                 
                 A
                 forme
                 of
                 such
                 Petition
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 see
                 1
              
               R.
               
                 3.
                 6.
                 
              
               Prayen
               the
               Commons
               in
               this
               present
               Parliament
               assembled
               ,
               that
               where
               ,
               &c.
               
               Please
               it
               therefore
               your
               Highnesse
               ,
               by
               the
               advice
               and
               assent
               of
               the
               Lords
               Spirituall
               and
               Temporall
               in
               this
               your
               present
               Parliament
               assembled
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               authority
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               to
               ordaine
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               No
               Bill
               is
               an
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               Ordinance
               ,
               or
               Edict
               of
               Law
               ,
               although
               both
               the
               Houses
               agree
               unanimously
               in
               it
               ,
               till
               it
               hath
               the
               Royall
               Assent
               .
               
                 Ancient
                 Customes
                 ,
                 pag.
                 54.
                 
              
            
             
               Assemblee
               de
               ceux
               troys
               Estats
               est
               appellee
               un
               Act
               de
               Parliament
               :
               car
               sans
               touts
               troys
               nest
               ascun
               Act
               de
               Parl.
               
               
                 Finch
                 Nomotech
                 .
                 fol.
                 21.
                 
              
            
             
               We
               admit
               that
               no
               Acts
               of
               Parliament
               are
               complete
               ,
               or
               formally
               binding
               without
               the
               Kings
               assent
               .
               
                 
                   H.
                   P.
                
                 Answer
                 to
                 
                   David
                   Jenkins
                   ,
                
                 pag.
                 6.
                 
              
            
          
           
             e
             —
             Which
             if
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             be
             pleased
             to
             adorne
             with
             your
             Majesties
             Royall
             assent
             ,
             (
             without
             which
             it
             can
             neither
             be
             complete
             and
             perfect
             ,
             nor
             —
             )
             
               Stat.
               1.
               Jac.
               1.
               
            
          
           
             f
             
               Stat.
            
             33.
             
               H.
            
             1.
             21.
             
          
           
             g
             Dominus
             Rex
             habet
             ordinariam
             jurisdictionem
             ,
             dignitatem
             &
             potestatem
             super
             omnes
             qui
             in
             regno
             suo
             sunt
             .
             —
             Ea
             quae
             jurisdictionis
             sunt
             &
             pacis
             —
             ad
             nullum
             pertinent
             nisi
             ad
             coronam
             &
             dignitatem
             Regians
             ,
             nec
             à
             coronâ
             separari
             possunt
             .
             
               
                 Bracton
              
               cited
               by
               
                 Stamford
                 ,
              
               lib.
               2.
               cap.
               2.
               
            
          
           
             h
             
               For
               in
               our
               Lawes
               ,
               the
               Clergie
               ,
               Nobility
               ,
               &
               Communalty
               are
               the
               3.
               
               Estates
               .
            
             —
             We
             your
             said
             most
             loving
             ,
             faithfull
             ,
             and
             obedient
             Subjects
             ,
             (
             viz.
             
               the
               Lords
               Spirituall
               and
               Temporall
               ,
               and
               the
               Commons
               )
            
             representing
             your
             Three
             Estates
             of
             your
             Realme
             of
             England
             ,
             
               1
               Eliz.
               3.
               
            
             —
             the
             State
             of
             the
             Clergie
             being
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             States
             of
             this
             Realme
             .
             
               8
               Eliz.
               1.
               
            
          
           
             i
             See
             
               Finch
            
             supra
             ad
             lit.
             [
             d
             ]
             .
          
           
             k
             
               The
               Crown
               of
               England
               hath
               been
               so
               free
               at
               all
               times
               ,
               that
               it
               hath
               been
               in
               no
               earthly
               subjection
               ,
               but
               immediately
               to
               God
               in
               all
               things
               touching
               the
               Regality
               of
               the
               said
               Crowne
               .
               —
               
                 16
                 R.
                 2.
                 5.
                 
              
               Omnis
               sub
               eo
               est
               ,
               &
               ipse
               sub
               nullo
               ,
               nisi
               tantùm
               sub
               Deo.
               Parem
               autem
               non
               habet
               Rex
               in
               regno
               suo
               ,
               quia
               —
               Item
               nec
               multò
               fortiùs
               superiorem
               aut
               potentiorem
               habere
               debet
               ,
               quia
               sic
               esset
               inferior
               suis
               subjectis
               .
               
                 Bracton
                 .
                 conten
                 .
                 1.
                 Rubr.
                 36.
                 
              
            
             
               —
               Cui
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               legibus
               ipsis
               legum
               vim
               imponendi
               potestatem
               Deus
               dedit
               .
               
                 Finch
                 Nomotech
                 .
                 in
                 Epist.
                 Dedic.
                 to
                 K.
              
               James
               .
            
          
           
             l
             Fon●
             Justitiae
             .
             
               Bracton
               .
            
             By
             War
             to
             intend
             the
             alteration
             of
             the
             Lawes
             in
             any
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             is
             to
             levy
             War
             against
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             consequently
             Treason
             by
             the
             Statute
             of
             
               25
               E.
               3.
               
            
             —
             because
             they
             are
             the
             Kings
             Lawes
             .
             He
             is
             the
             fountaine
             from
             whence
             in
             their
             severall
             channels
             they
             are
             derived
             to
             the
             Subject
             .
             
               Master
               Saint
               John's
               Speech
               concerning
               the
               Earle
               of
               Strafford
               ,
               page
               12.
               
            
          
           
             m
             —
             Et
             ibidem
             vobiscum
             colloquium
             habere
             ,
             tractare
             super
             dictis
             negotiis
             tract
             :
             vestrumque
             consilium
             impensur
             :
             
               Writ
               to
               the
               Lords
               .
            
          
           
             a
             Every
             Subject
             by
             the
             duty
             of
             his
             Allegiance
             is
             bounden
             to
             serve
             and
             assist
             his
             Prince
             and
             Sov●raigne
             Lord
             at
             all
             seasons
             when
             need
             shall
             require
             .
             
               11
               H.
               7.
               18.
               
            
          
           
             
               Stat.
            
             1.
             
               El.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Cor.
            
             5.
             1.
             &c.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Cor.
            
             11.
             28.
             &c.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Eliz.
               
            
          
           
             *
             
               Stat.
            
             23.
             
               Eliz.
            
             1.
             
             &
             29
             
               Eliz.
            
             6.
             
             &
             35
             
               El.
            
             1.
             
             &
             2.
             
             &
             3
             
               Jac.
            
             4.
             
             &
             5.
             
          
        
      
      
  

