







 
   
     
       
         Some thoughts on the bill depending before the right honourable the House of Lords for prohibiting the exportation of the woolen manufactures of Ireland to foreign parts, humbly offer'd to their lordships.
         Cox, Richard, Sir, 1650-1733.
      
       
         
           1698
        
      
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             Some thoughts on the bill depending before the right honourable the House of Lords for prohibiting the exportation of the woolen manufactures of Ireland to foreign parts, humbly offer'd to their lordships.
             Cox, Richard, Sir, 1650-1733.
             England and Wales. Parliament. House of Lords.
          
           16 p.
           
             Printed by Joseph Ray ...,
             Dublin :
             1698.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library.
             Attributed to Ricard Cox. cf. Wing.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Wool industry -- Ireland -- Sources.
           Ireland -- Commerce.
        
      
    
     
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           SOME
           THOUGHTS
           ON
           THE
           BILL
           Depending
           before
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           THE
           HOUSE
           OF
           LORDS
           ,
           FOR
           Prohibiting
           the
           EXPORTATION
           of
           the
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           of
           Ireland
           to
           Foreign
           Parts
           .
        
         
           Humbly
           offer'd
           to
           their
           Lordships
           .
        
         
           DVBLIN
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Joseph
             Ray
          
           in
           
             Skinner
             Row
          
           ,
           over
           against
           the
           Tholsel
           .
           MDCXCVIII
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           REASONS
           against
           the
           Bill
           for
           Prohibiting
           the
           Exportation
           of
           the
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           to
           Foreign
           Parts
           .
        
         
           THE
           Bill
           for
           Prohibiting
           the
           Exportation
           of
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           out
           of
           Ireland
           to
           Foreign
           Parts
           ,
           being
           now
           under
           your
           Lordships
           Consideration
           ,
           I
           have
           presumed
           to
           offer
           my
           Thoughts
           concerning
           it
           ,
           and
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           shew
           it
           will
           be
           detrimental
           to
           the
           Interest
           of
           both
           England
           and
           Ireland
           .
           If
           this
           hath
           the
           end
           I
           design
           by
           it
           ,
           I
           shall
           think
           my
           time
           well
           spent
           ;
           If
           not
           ,
           I
           hope
           the
           Sincerity
           of
           my
           Intentions
           will
           atone
           for
           my
           Inability
           of
           Performance
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           begin
           by
           shewing
           the
           great
           Advantages
           England
           reaps
           by
           the
           Trade
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           your
           Lordships
           may
           judge
           how
           little
           Reason
           there
           is
           to
           be
           jealous
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           how
           tender
           this
           Nation
           ought
           to
           be
           of
           putting
           unnecessary
           Difficulties
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           a
           common
           Saying
           amongst
           us
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           be
           well
           for
           England
           if
           Ireland
           was
           under
           the
           Sea
           ;
           whereas
           I
           hope
           to
           make
           it
           appear
           ,
           that
           England
           gets
           more
           by
           Ireland
           than
           by
           the
           Trade
           of
           the
           whole
           World
           besides
           ;
           and
           if
           in
           the
           late
           Reigns
           Ireland
           had
           not
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           supplied
           the
           Losses
           we
           suffer'd
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           Indian
           and
           Eastern
           Trades
           ,
           we
           had
           been
           long
           since
           undone
           ,
           and
           it
           had
           not
           been
           now
           the
           common
           Debate
           of
           the
           Town
           how
           to
           undo
           them
           .
        
         
         
           This
           will
           appear
           to
           be
           evident
           ,
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           Particulars
           relating
           to
           both
           Kingdoms
           .
        
         
           Near
           a
           third
           part
           of
           all
           the
           Lands
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           belonging
           to
           English
           Proprietors
           who
           inhabit
           here
           ,
           and
           have
           their
           Rents
           constantly
           return'd
           in
           ready
           Money
           .
        
         
           Besides
           this
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           of
           Ireland
           spend
           their
           Estates
           here
           ;
           they
           live
           no
           longer
           in
           Ireland
           than
           to
           raise
           a
           sum
           of
           Money
           to
           spend
           here
           in
           their
           Pleasures
           .
           This
           is
           the
           Seat
           of
           Government
           :
           Here
           are
           the
           Court
           and
           the
           Societies
           of
           Law
           :
           Here
           all
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           come
           for
           Employments
           ,
           Education
           ,
           or
           Pleasure
           ;
           which
           Considerations
           alone
           would
           exhaust
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           if
           it
           had
           the
           Riches
           of
           both
           Indies
        
         
           I
           will
           add
           to
           this
           ,
           that
           England
           supplies
           Ireland
           with
           most
           of
           the
           Commodities
           they
           consume
           ;
           and
           notwithstanding
           all
           our
           frights
           ,
           there
           are
           nine
           in
           ten
           of
           that
           Country
           ,
           that
           are
           able
           to
           buy
           it
           ,
           clothed
           in
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           sent
           from
           England
           ,
           and
           in
           exchange
           we
           have
           very
           few
           Commodities
           from
           them
           ;
           for
           their
           Cattle
           are
           prohibited
           ,
           there
           are
           Impositions
           upon
           their
           Tallow
           ,
           Leather
           ,
           and
           Corn
           ,
           which
           almost
           amount
           to
           a
           Prohibition
           ;
           and
           last
           Year
           the
           Tonnage
           and
           Poundage
           was
           doubled
           upon
           their
           Linen
           and
           other
           Manufactures
           ;
           and
           such
           Commodities
           as
           are
           suffer'd
           to
           come
           from
           thence
           are
           either
           absolutely
           necessary
           to
           us
           ,
           or
           Materials
           for
           our
           Manufactures
           ,
           as
           Wooll
           ,
           Flax
           ,
           Cony
           skins
           ,
           raw
           Hides
           ,
           Sheep-skins
           ,
           Rape-seed
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           In
           times
           of
           Peace
           there
           was
           near
           100000
           
             l.
             per
             annum
          
           return'd
           near
           to
           the
           Court
           ,
           besides
           the
           Charge
           of
           that
           Government
           ;
           and
           since
           the
           War
           they
           have
           contributed
           to
           the
           Publick
           Charge
           as
           far
           as
           their
           late
           Misfortunes
           would
           suffer
           them
           ,
           and
           without
           doubt
           in
           a
           new
           War
           will
           advance
           large
           Supplies
           of
           Men
           and
           Money
           ,
           if
           we
           do
           not
           disable
           them
           .
        
         
         
           Besides
           this
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           is
           carried
           on
           by
           English
           Stocks
           ,
           and
           in
           English
           Bottoms
           ;
           and
           a
           great
           number
           of
           their
           E●tates
           are
           mortgaged
           to
           English
           Men
           at
           the
           unreasonable
           Interest
           of
           ten
           
             per
             cent
          
           .
           They
           are
           but
           Factors
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           Profit
           redounds
           to
           us
           ;
           they
           toil
           for
           our
           Advantage
           ,
           they
           sow
           and
           we
           reap
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           enumerated
           these
           Particulars
           ,
           to
           shew
           ,
           that
           whatsoever
           Ireland
           gets
           by
           Trade
           from
           the
           whole
           World
           centers
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           is
           returned
           hither
           by
           Bills
           of
           Exchange
           from
           
             Spain
             ,
             Holland
             ,
             France
          
           ,
           the
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           and
           other
           places
           .
           If
           they
           gain'd
           ten
           Millions
           a
           Year
           ,
           it
           would
           come
           to
           England
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           get
           but
           ten
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           we
           can
           have
           no
           more
           from
           them
           .
           They
           have
           no
           Mines
           of
           Silver
           and
           Gold
           ,
           and
           therefore
           can
           send
           none
           to
           us
           but
           what
           they
           get
           first
           from
           others
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           hinder
           them
           from
           making
           Advantages
           of
           other
           Nations
           ,
           we
           can
           make
           none
           of
           them
           ;
           so
           that
           what
           is
           lost
           in
           the
           Parish
           is
           got
           in
           the
           Hundred
           .
           Nor
           is
           it
           possible
           that
           Ireland
           should
           advance
           in
           Riches
           in
           any
           proportion
           to
           England
           ,
           for
           the
           former
           Issues
           will
           draw
           away
           their
           Wealth
           as
           fast
           as
           ever
           they
           get
           it
           :
           and
           this
           is
           manifested
           by
           twenty
           Years
           Experience
           before
           the
           War
           ;
           for
           though
           they
           got
           a
           great
           many
           Millions
           over-balance
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           yet
           according
           to
           the
           best
           Computations
           they
           never
           had
           above
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           Pounds
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           The
           Particulars
           I
           have
           mentioned
           amount
           to
           above
           
             600000
             l.
             per
             annum
          
           ,
           besides
           the
           great
           Advantages
           we
           receive
           by
           being
           supplied
           from
           thence
           with
           Materials
           for
           our
           Manufactures
           ,
           as
           before-mentioned
           .
           If
           so
           ,
           I
           submit
           to
           your
           Lordships
           ,
           whether
           the
           Over-balance
           we
           have
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           World
           amount
           to
           as
           much
           more
           :
           If
           it
           does
           ,
           I
           am
           sure
           we
           shall
           quickly
           be
           a
           rich
           People
           ;
           
           but
           if
           not
           ,
           then
           how
           tenderly
           ought
           we
           to
           use
           a
           Nation
           that
           yields
           us
           so
           much
           Profit
           ?
           There
           is
           a
           Mediocrity
           in
           Nature
           which
           we
           cannot
           exceed
           without
           destroying
           what
           we
           design
           to
           advance
           .
           Moderate
           Impositions
           raise
           large
           Sums
           ,
           and
           great
           ones
           often
           raise
           nothing
           .
           We
           may
           sheer
           our
           Sheep
           so
           close
           ,
           as
           to
           flee
           them
           that
           they
           shall
           never
           bear
           Wooll
           again
           .
           I
           have
           heard
           of
           a
           Man
           that
           try'd
           to
           bring
           his
           Horse
           to
           live
           without
           Meat
           ,
           and
           then
           he
           died
           .
           I
           wish
           this
           be
           not
           the
           case
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           we
           desire
           to
           get
           so
           much
           from
           them
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           we
           put
           them
           out
           of
           a
           condition
           to
           pay
           us
           any
           thing
           .
        
         
           But
           there
           is
           another
           Consideration
           which
           strikes
           deeper
           yet
           ;
           Whether
           by
           Bills
           of
           this
           kind
           we
           shall
           not
           make
           the
           Possession
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           insecure
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           after
           so
           much
           expence
           of
           Blood
           and
           Treasure
           at
           last
           throw
           it
           again
           into
           Irish
           hands
           .
        
         
           My
           Lords
           I
           have
           heard
           but
           of
           two
           ways
           of
           keeping
           conquered
           Countries
           in
           Subjection
           ,
           by
           Arms
           ,
           or
           by
           Colonies
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           first
           (
           besides
           the
           Charge
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           commonly
           eats
           up
           the
           whole
           Profit
           )
           I
           think
           few
           will
           deny
           but
           it
           is
           equally
           dangerous
           to
           the
           conquering
           or
           the
           conquered
           Country
           :
           There
           can
           be
           no
           Force
           in
           the
           Province
           but
           may
           be
           brought
           to
           the
           Mother
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           are
           sufficient
           without
           other
           Assistance
           to
           keep
           one
           Country
           in
           entire
           Subjection
           ,
           in
           time
           they
           will
           keep
           the
           other
           so
           too
           .
        
         
           The
           other
           way
           is
           by
           Colonies
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           the
           method
           that
           free
           Governments
           have
           always
           taken
           to
           secure
           their
           Conquests
           .
           This
           Rome
           did
           for
           four
           hundred
           years
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           their
           Conquests
           were
           so
           large
           that
           their
           Government
           grew
           top-heavy
           ,
           the
           Trunk
           was
           not
           large
           enough
           to
           support
           its
           Branches
           .
           This
           our
           Ancestors
           did
           to
           secure
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           easiest
           ,
           least
           chargeable
           ,
           and
           least
           dangerous
           Method
           .
        
         
         
           Now
           the
           establishing
           Colonies
           ,
           my
           Lords
           ,
           is
           often
           done
           by
           establishing
           the
           conquering
           Army
           on
           some
           part
           of
           the
           conquered
           Lands
           ,
           sometimes
           by
           sending
           forth
           a
           number
           of
           your
           People
           to
           inhabit
           there
           ;
           but
           always
           by
           giving
           them
           such
           Encouragements
           ,
           that
           it
           shall
           be
           their
           Interest
           to
           keep
           the
           Natives
           in
           subjection
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           case
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           after
           five
           hundred
           years
           contending
           ,
           52
           Rebellions
           and
           Massacres
           ,
           to
           the
           loss
           of
           a
           Million
           of
           English
           ,
           the
           conquering
           Army
           often
           planted
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           multitudes
           besides
           leaving
           England
           to
           inhabit
           there
           ,
           almost
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           is
           at
           last
           got
           into
           the
           English
           hands
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           should
           lay
           such
           difficulties
           upon
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           think
           it
           their
           Interest
           to
           leave
           the
           Country
           ,
           or
           not
           be
           very
           solicitous
           for
           the
           English
           Interest
           there
           ,
           I
           submit
           to
           your
           Lordships
           great
           Wisdom
           ,
           whether
           that
           Kingdom
           may
           not
           hereafter
           give
           us
           fresh
           trouble
           .
           France
           is
           but
           a
           new
           Friend
           ,
           and
           Scotland
           for
           late
           reasons
           is
           not
           much
           in
           humour
           with
           us
           ;
           and
           we
           know
           the
           whole
           North
           of
           Ireland
           is
           inhabited
           by
           that
           Nation
           ,
           and
           multitudes
           of
           them
           go
           over
           every
           day
           ,
           and
           will
           do
           so
           notwithstanding
           this
           or
           any
           other
           Law
           that
           can
           be
           made
           .
        
         
           I
           would
           not
           suggest
           such
           improbable
           and
           such
           wicked
           thoughts
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           English
           of
           that
           Country
           should
           join
           with
           them
           in
           any
           Interest
           but
           in
           subserviency
           to
           England
           ;
           but
           I
           hope
           I
           may
           say
           without
           offence
           that
           the
           better
           any
           People
           are
           used
           ,
           the
           better
           Subjects
           they
           will
           make
           :
           And
           I
           believe
           no
           one
           will
           deny
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           thought
           it
           their
           Interest
           to
           have
           joined
           with
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           we
           had
           had
           much
           more
           trouble
           in
           reducing
           the
           Country
           .
           The
           Town
           of
           Londonderry
           ,
           the
           Iniskillen-men
           ,
           and
           the
           Militia
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           had
           their
           share
           ,
           and
           a
           considerable
           one
           too
           ,
           in
           bringing
           the
           Country
           to
           obedience
           .
        
         
         
           No
           one
           knows
           what
           unhappy
           occasions
           may
           arise
           in
           ages
           to
           come
           of
           difference
           between
           our
           Kings
           and
           People
           and
           therefore
           we
           ought
           to
           be
           tender
           how
           we
           make
           it
           the
           Interest
           of
           a
           whole
           Kingdom
           to
           be
           subservient
           to
           the
           designs
           of
           a
           corrupt
           Court
           ,
           who
           will
           offer
           them
           any
           advantages
           .
           Most
           of
           us
           have
           read
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           us
           have
           seen
           with
           our
           Eyes
           ,
           those
           times
           that
           Courts
           have
           plaid
           England
           against
           
             Scotland
             ,
             Scotland
          
           against
           England
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           against
           both
           ;
           and
           we
           have
           heard
           of
           the
           time
           ,
           that
           an
           Irish
           Parliament
           hath
           been
           called
           to
           give
           Money
           to
           reduce
           an
           English
           one
           .
        
         
           They
           are
           not
           contending
           for
           Power
           or
           great
           Riches
           ;
           they
           neither
           Trade
           to
           the
           
             East-Indies
             ,
             Turkey
          
           ,
           or
           Africa
           ;
           they
           have
           neither
           
             Hamborough
             ,
             Hudsons-Bay
             ,
             Greenland
          
           ,
           or
           Russia
           Companies
           ;
           they
           have
           no
           Fleets
           or
           Plantations
           ;
           they
           ask
           only
           the
           common
           benefits
           of
           Earth
           and
           Air.
           They
           desire
           only
           to
           change
           their
           native
           Commodities
           for
           those
           they
           want
           ,
           and
           to
           manufacture
           a
           small
           part
           of
           their
           own
           Product
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           liberty
           seems
           to
           be
           allowed
           them
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           which
           I
           don't
           find
           hath
           been
           denied
           by
           the
           most
           severe
           Conquerors
           .
        
         
           And
           here
           ,
           my
           Lords
           ,
           I
           would
           distinguish
           between
           Colonies
           for
           Trade
           ,
           and
           Colonies
           for
           Empire
           .
           The
           first
           is
           when
           a
           small
           number
           of
           your
           people
           are
           sent
           forth
           to
           plant
           Commodities
           which
           your
           native
           Country
           does
           not
           produce
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           West-Indies
           ,
           or
           else
           when
           they
           are
           sent
           to
           negotiate
           a
           Trade
           with
           the
           Natives
           ,
           and
           build
           Forts
           for
           their
           Security
           ,
           as
           in
           Africa
           and
           the
           
             East
             Indies
          
           .
           In
           both
           these
           cases
           it
           hath
           been
           usual
           to
           restrain
           their
           whole
           Trade
           to
           their
           Mother
           Kingdom
           ;
           for
           there
           can
           be
           no
           other
           reason
           for
           their
           establishment
           ,
           and
           their
           number
           being
           small
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           sufficient
           encouragement
           for
           all
           their
           Charge
           ,
           Industry
           ,
           and
           Hazard
           .
        
         
         
           But
           Colonies
           for
           Empire
           stand
           upon
           quite
           different
           reasons
           ;
           they
           are
           always
           planted
           to
           keep
           great
           Countries
           in
           subjection
           ,
           and
           prevent
           the
           charge
           and
           hazard
           of
           constant
           standing
           Armies
           .
           These
           have
           always
           received
           the
           utmost
           Encouragement
           ,
           much
           less
           been
           restrained
           from
           making
           the
           best
           advantage
           of
           their
           natural
           Product
           ,
           and
           having
           their
           whole
           Trade
           restrained
           to
           their
           Mother-Kingdom
           ;
           but
           with
           humble
           submission
           ,
           the
           Case
           of
           Ireland
           is
           yet
           harder
           :
           for
           by
           this
           Act
           they
           will
           be
           restrained
           to
           carry
           their
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           to
           Foreign
           parts
           ,
           and
           the
           Impositions
           formerly
           laid
           ,
           are
           sufficient
           to
           hinder
           them
           from
           coming
           hither
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           must
           carry
           them
           no
           where
           .
        
         
           But
           my
           Lords
           ,
           if
           we
           had
           destroyed
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           is
           it
           necessary
           that
           all
           will
           be
           made
           in
           England
           ,
           that
           is
           hindred
           from
           being
           made
           in
           Ireland
           ?
           That
           's
           a
           Tartar's
           Conceit
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           kill
           any
           man
           ,
           they
           shall
           immediately
           enjoy
           his
           Wisdom
           and
           Beauty
           ;
           but
           I
           am
           afraid
           this
           will
           not
           be
           the
           Case
           of
           England
           :
           for
           
             Holland
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             Venice
             ,
             Germany
             ,
          
           and
           France
           ,
           pretend
           to
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           as
           well
           as
           they
           ;
           and
           France
           hath
           been
           always
           equal
           ,
           if
           not
           superiour
           to
           us
           ,
           in
           their
           skill
           of
           making
           Stuffs
           :
           and
           can
           it
           be
           conceived
           that
           they
           will
           not
           share
           ,
           if
           not
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           engross
           the
           benefit
           we
           propose
           in
           the
           destruction
           of
           that
           Manufacture
           in
           Ireland
           ?
           If
           so
           ,
           then
           how
           much
           more
           will
           it
           be
           to
           our
           advantage
           to
           receive
           the
           whole
           profit
           at
           second
           hand
           ,
           than
           at
           best
           to
           divide
           it
           with
           other
           Nations
           ,
           and
           chiefly
           with
           France
           ,
           which
           hath
           always
           sent
           Stuffs
           to
           Spain
           and
           Portugal
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           England
           ?
           and
           these
           are
           the
           only
           Nations
           I
           have
           heard
           of
           ,
           which
           Ireland
           hath
           dealt
           with
           in
           that
           kind
           ;
           and
           thô
           for
           a
           few
           years
           before
           the
           War
           ,
           Ireland
           might
           increase
           in
           their
           Manufacture
           of
           Stuffs
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           very
           plain
           it
           was
           not
           upon
           the
           ruines
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           those
           Manufactures
           both
           then
           ,
           and
           during
           the
           War
           ,
           have
           advanced
           prodigiously
           here
           ,
           as
           will
           appear
           by
           the
           Entries
           in
           the
           Custom-house
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           by
           
           a
           greater
           consumption
           of
           them
           at
           home
           ;
           and
           it
           seems
           a
           very
           hard
           case
           to
           hinder
           Ireland
           from
           enriching
           themselves
           ,
           and
           in
           consequence
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           at
           the
           expence
           of
           other
           Nations
           .
        
         
           But
           it
           seems
           we
           are
           particularly
           afraid
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           because
           we
           are
           told
           they
           can
           under-work
           us
           ,
           and
           send
           their
           Commodities
           to
           a
           Foreign
           Market
           cheaper
           than
           we
           ;
           which
           fact
           with
           humble
           submission
           is
           otherwise
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           common
           labour
           in
           Husbandry
           is
           much
           cheaper
           there
           then
           here
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           requires
           skill
           and
           knowledg
           is
           not
           so
           :
           and
           this
           is
           true
           not
           only
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           but
           in
           all
           Countries
           thin
           of
           people
           ,
           for
           there
           cannot
           be
           brought
           together
           numbers
           enough
           to
           carry
           on
           any
           Manufacture
           with
           success
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           could
           ,
           Stocks
           and
           Materials
           are
           wanting
           to
           set
           them
           to
           work
           :
           besides
           ,
           naturally
           men
           choose
           rather
           to
           live
           in
           idleness
           and
           sloth
           ,
           than
           labour
           ;
           and
           in
           poor
           Countries
           ,
           where
           they
           can
           satisfy
           the
           ordinary
           occasions
           of
           life
           with
           little
           industry
           ,
           they
           will
           hardly
           be
           perswaded
           to
           learn
           an
           Art
           ,
           to
           which
           it
           will
           cost
           them
           seven
           years
           pains
           to
           attain
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           give
           themselves
           that
           trouble
           ,
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           be
           better
           paid
           than
           in
           a
           well
           peopled
           Country
           ,
           where
           they
           must
           either
           work
           or
           strave
           .
           This
           is
           the
           reason
           that
           in
           the
           West-Indies
           ,
           where
           the
           labour
           of
           a
           Black
           ,
           is
           not
           worth
           above
           Six
           pence
           a
           day
           ,
           yet
           an
           ordinary
           Artificer
           will
           earn
           a
           Crown
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           ten
           Shillings
           .
           This
           is
           the
           reason
           that
           linnen
           Cloth
           doth
           not
           thrive
           so
           well
           in
           Ireland
           as
           in
           Holland
           ,
           where
           common
           labour
           is
           three
           times
           as
           dear
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           the
           reason
           that
           Woollen
           Cloth
           could
           never
           be
           made
           in
           Ireland
           so
           cheap
           as
           it
           is
           sent
           from
           England
           ,
           notwithstanding
           Freight
           and
           great
           Customs
           paid
           there
           ;
           which
           appears
           by
           their
           being
           never
           able
           to
           set
           up
           that
           Manufacture
           with
           success
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           Gentry
           and
           Merchants
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           being
           cloth'd
           with
           English
           Cloth.
           They
           make
           only
           a
           few
           Stockings
           ,
           Stuffs
           ,
           and
           Frizes
           ,
           which
           are
           different
           from
           those
           made
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           sale
           of
           them
           is
           more
           owing
           to
           the
           particular
           way
           of
           making
           them
           ,
           than
           any
           advantage
           
           in
           the
           price
           ;
           and
           yet
           notwithstanding
           they
           send
           but
           very
           few
           abroad
           ,
           it
           appearing
           by
           the
           Custom-house
           Books
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           imported
           into
           Ireland
           from
           England
           ,
           is
           ten
           times
           the
           value
           of
           what
           is
           exported
           from
           Ireland
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           World.
           But
           admitting
           they
           could
           work
           cheaper
           there
           ,
           yet
           't
           is
           no
           consequence
           they
           can
           sell
           the
           Manufacture
           cheaper
           .
           There
           are
           several
           Foreign
           Materials
           necessary
           to
           it
           ,
           which
           come
           cheaper
           to
           us
           than
           them
           :
           besides
           ,
           the
           difference
           of
           Interest
           gives
           us
           a
           great
           advantage
           .
           No
           man
           will
           imploy
           his
           Time
           and
           Stock
           in
           any
           Manufacture
           without
           trebling
           the
           common
           Interest
           of
           his
           Money
           .
           This
           Consideration
           alone
           makes
           above
           fifteen
           
             per
             cent
          
           .
           difference
           :
           besides
           ,
           men
           upon
           small
           Stocks
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           poor
           Country
           ,
           will
           expect
           to
           get
           much
           more
           in
           proportion
           ,
           than
           upon
           great
           ones
           in
           a
           rich
           Country
           ,
           because
           there
           are
           so
           many
           ways
           in
           the
           former
           ,
           of
           turning
           their
           money
           to
           advantage
           .
           Great
           Stocks
           and
           low
           Interest
           carry
           away
           the
           Trade
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           ,
           as
           is
           observed
           by
           Sir
           
             Josiah
             Child
          
           in
           his
           Book
           of
           Trade
           ,
           where
           Labour
           is
           dearest
           ,
           there
           are
           most
           Manufactures
           ,
           as
           in
           Holland
           and
           England
           ,
           more
           than
           in
           any
           Countries
           in
           Europe
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           West
           of
           England
           more
           than
           the
           North.
           Whether
           this
           is
           the
           Cause
           or
           Effect
           ,
           is
           not
           material
           ,
           since
           't
           is
           plain
           that
           Dearness
           of
           Wages
           does
           not
           destroy
           Manufactures
           ,
           but
           always
           is
           an
           Evidence
           that
           they
           thrive
           ,
           as
           we
           experience
           every
           day
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           is
           most
           demanded
           ,
           Wages
           run
           highest
           .
        
         
           But
           they
           tell
           us
           ,
           that
           Ireland
           will
           drein
           away
           our
           People
           ;
           thô
           by
           the
           way
           they
           give
           but
           a
           scurvy
           Argument
           for
           it
           ,
           when
           they
           say
           ,
           they
           can
           earn
           less
           Wages
           there
           .
           Now
           ,
           my
           Lords
           ,
           I
           could
           be
           glad
           to
           know
           how
           many
           People
           have
           gone
           to
           Ireland
           that
           could
           live
           in
           England
           ?
           Few
           Men
           leave
           their
           Country
           ,
           their
           Acquaintance
           and
           Relations
           ,
           but
           for
           necessity
           ,
           because
           they
           would
           not
           hang
           or
           starve
           at
           home
           ;
           Men
           who
           are
           in
           Debt
           ,
           Unfortunate
           ,
           or
           spent
           what
           they
           had
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           
           had
           not
           Ireland
           to
           go
           to
           ,
           would
           go
           to
           the
           Plantations
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           Holland
           and
           other
           Countries
           ,
           and
           be
           lost
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           for
           ever
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           shall
           those
           men
           do
           ,
           that
           are
           bred
           up
           to
           that
           Manufacture
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           understand
           nothing
           else
           ?
           Men
           that
           have
           spent
           their
           whole
           Life-time
           in
           learning
           an
           Art
           ,
           will
           not
           go
           to
           School
           again
           to
           learn
           a
           new
           one
           :
           They
           will
           rather
           leave
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           find
           another
           ,
           where
           they
           may
           receive
           more
           Encouragement
           .
           They
           can't
           come
           to
           England
           ,
           for
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Poor
           prohibit
           them
           to
           live
           in
           any
           Parish
           :
           Holland
           will
           receive
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           France
           the
           Papists
           ;
           or
           perhaps
           they
           will
           go
           to
           some
           Country
           ,
           and
           set
           up
           the
           Manufacture
           where
           't
           is
           not
           yet
           pretended
           to
           .
           All
           the
           Nations
           in
           the
           World
           would
           promote
           any
           Proposition
           of
           that
           kind
           ,
           and
           with
           open
           Arms
           receive
           those
           who
           would
           give
           them
           any
           Assistance
           .
           'T
           was
           the
           Duke
           of
           
           Alva's
           driving
           out
           the
           ●●emins
           that
           set
           up
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           Persecution
           in
           France
           hath
           very
           much
           improv'd
           it
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           the
           French
           Protestants
           for
           want
           of
           Imployment
           in
           England
           ,
           are
           gone
           to
           Ireland
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           should
           drive
           them
           and
           other
           Protestants
           out
           there
           ,
           they
           will
           go
           somewhere
           else
           ,
           where
           they
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           be
           received
           :
           and
           the
           Consequence
           to
           the
           Publick
           is
           the
           same
           ,
           whether
           People
           leave
           their
           Country
           for
           fear
           of
           Persecution
           ,
           or
           because
           they
           can't
           live
           in
           it
           ;
           but
           the
           Consequence
           will
           be
           much
           more
           fatal
           to
           Ireland
           ,
           by
           driving
           out
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Protestants
           ,
           to
           the
           lessening
           the
           English
           Interest
           there
           .
        
         
           And
           after
           all
           ,
           are
           we
           sure
           ,
           my
           Lords
           ,
           this
           Act
           will
           answer
           the
           ends
           designed
           by
           it
           ?
           I
           would
           not
           suggest
           so
           unbecoming
           a
           Thought
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           Magistrates
           in
           Ireland
           should
           not
           do
           their
           utmost
           to
           execute
           it
           ,
           but
           that
           we
           find
           the
           Officers
           in
           other
           Countries
           are
           not
           over-zealous
           for
           the
           publick
           Interest
           when
           their
           own
           is
           concerned
           .
           Few
           Men
           are
           in
           any
           Imployments
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           but
           either
           have
           or
           hope
           to
           have
           
           an
           Interest
           in
           the
           Country
           :
           and
           what
           probability
           can
           there
           be
           of
           having
           a
           Law
           well
           executed
           ,
           when
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           the
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           the
           People
           have
           an
           Interest
           against
           it
           ?
           We
           have
           an
           Instance
           of
           this
           in
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Kent
           and
           Sussex
           :
           for
           though
           't
           is
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           besides
           to
           prohibit
           Wooll
           going
           to
           France
           ,
           yet
           because
           't
           is
           the
           Interest
           of
           a
           few
           hundreds
           that
           it
           should
           ,
           all
           the
           Laws
           made
           to
           the
           contrary
           have
           proved
           ine●fectual
           ;
           and
           in
           my
           humble
           Opinion
           it
           is
           worth
           your
           Lordships
           deepest
           Consideration
           ,
           whether
           this
           Law
           may
           not
           put
           Ireland
           upon
           negotiating
           a
           secret
           Trade
           with
           France
           ,
           than
           which
           nothing
           can
           be
           more
           fatal
           to
           England
           .
           But
           there
           is
           another
           Country
           that
           pretends
           to
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           nearer
           than
           
             France
             .
             Scotland
          
           fies
           but
           three
           hours
           sail
           from
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           North
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           is
           inhabited
           by
           Scots
           ,
           and
           if
           we
           should
           put
           such
           Hardships
           upon
           them
           ,
           I
           am
           afraid
           it
           will
           not
           be
           an
           easy
           matter
           to
           hinder
           their
           trafficking
           with
           their
           Country-men
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           done
           in
           little
           Boats
           ;
           and
           what
           is
           not
           work'd
           up
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           may
           be
           sent
           from
           thence
           to
           France
           .
           The
           whole
           Kingdom
           of
           Ireland
           thinks
           it
           as
           much
           their
           Interest
           as
           ours
           to
           prohibit
           the
           carrying
           their
           Wooll
           to
           Foreign
           Parts
           :
           but
           if
           we
           should
           hinder
           them
           from
           sharing
           in
           the
           Benefit
           of
           that
           Law
           ,
           't
           is
           to
           be
           feared
           they
           will
           send
           it
           where
           they
           can
           get
           most
           for
           it
           ,
           notwithstanding
           this
           or
           any
           Laws
           that
           can
           be
           made
           to
           prevent
           it
           .
           Besides
           ,
           there
           is
           another
           thing
           worthy
           of
           Consideration
           ,
           whether
           if
           we
           should
           hinder
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           from
           sending
           any
           of
           their
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           abroad
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           agree
           together
           to
           spend
           none
           but
           their
           own
           at
           home
           ,
           which
           if
           they
           do
           ,
           this
           Act
           will
           recoil
           upon
           England
           with
           a
           witness
           .
           The
           Bill
           prohibiting
           their
           importing
           Irish
           Cattel
           hath
           put
           them
           upon
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           an
           extentive
           Trade
           with
           other
           Nations
           ;
           and
           't
           is
           to
           be
           feared
           ,
           if
           we
           should
           hinder
           them
           from
           selling
           their
           Manufactures
           to
           other
           Nations
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           Wit
           enough
           to
           spend
           none
           but
           their
           own
           in
           Ireland
           .
        
         
         
           But
           if
           ,
           my
           Lords
           ,
           notwithstanding
           all
           that
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           it
           shall
           be
           thought
           the
           Interest
           of
           England
           to
           destroy
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           there
           is
           an
           easier
           and
           Gentler
           way
           of
           doing
           it
           .
           The
           Power
           of
           the
           Government
           is
           very
           great
           in
           that
           Country
           ,
           and
           may
           give
           it
           secret
           Discouragements
           ,
           and
           let
           it
           decline
           by
           degrees
           :
           they
           may
           divert
           it
           by
           setting
           up
           the
           Linnen
           Manufacture
           in
           the
           places
           where
           the
           Woollen
           most
           prospers
           .
           Perhaps
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           now
           they
           see
           the
           Pleasure
           of
           England
           ,
           will
           do
           their
           Endeavours
           to
           divert
           their
           Stock
           and
           People
           to
           the
           Linnen
           Manufacture
           ;
           but
           with
           the
           utmost
           Submission
           I
           say
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           seems
           too
           severe
           to
           tell
           them
           and
           the
           whole
           World
           in
           so
           solemn
           a
           manner
           ,
           that
           they
           shall
           not
           Manufacture
           any
           of
           their
           own
           Product
           ;
           it
           bears
           a
           Sting
           in
           the
           Tail
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           teaches
           them
           this
           hard
           Lesson
           ,
           that
           whenever
           hereafter
           they
           with
           great
           Charge
           ,
           Hazard
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           forty
           Years
           Industry
           arrive
           to
           a
           degree
           of
           Perfection
           in
           any
           thing
           ,
           if
           it
           appears
           to
           be
           the
           real
           or
           mistaken
           Interest
           of
           England
           to
           suppress
           it
           ,
           all
           their
           hopes
           and
           Endeavours
           must
           be
           dasht
           to
           pieces
           in
           a
           moment
           ,
           their
           Cattle
           are
           already
           prohibited
           ,
           their
           Corn
           ,
           their
           Leather
           ,
           their
           Tallow
           ,
           are
           so
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           ,
           they
           cannot
           come
           from
           the
           West-Indies
           but
           must
           touch
           in
           England
           :
           But
           this
           Bill
           goes
           farther
           yet
           ;
           it
           says
           ,
           in
           effect
           ,
           they
           shall
           not
           bring
           their
           Manufactures
           here
           ,
           nor
           carry
           them
           any
           where
           else
           :
           why
           may
           they
           not
           expect
           that
           another
           Parliament
           will
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           carrying
           abroad
           their
           Beef
           will
           lesson
           the
           Price
           of
           our
           Beef
           ,
           the
           carrying
           abroad
           their
           Corn
           will
           lessen
           the
           Price
           of
           our
           Corn
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Commodities
           ;
           and
           with
           so
           much
           the
           greater
           probability
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           the
           Precedent
           of
           this
           Act
           to
           justify
           the
           Reasonableness
           of
           it
           ;
           Nay
           ,
           my
           Lords
           ,
           't
           is
           the
           common
           Subject
           of
           the
           Pamphlets
           ,
           and
           Discourse
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           that
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           done
           already
           ;
           and
           what
           Assurance
           shall
           they
           have
           that
           the
           Linnen
           Manufacture
           (
           which
           they
           are
           so
           often
           complimented
           with
           )
           will
           never
           
           be
           set
           up
           in
           England
           ?
           It
           hath
           been
           often
           attempted
           ,
           and
           the
           want
           of
           Success
           in
           my
           poor
           Opinion
           hath
           been
           more
           owing
           to
           the
           Stock-jobbing
           and
           ill
           Conduct
           of
           the
           Managers
           ,
           than
           any
           reason
           from
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           thing
           :
           yet
           notwithstanding
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Linnen
           is
           made
           in
           
             Lancashire
             ,
             Westmoreland
          
           and
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           North
           of
           England
           ,
           who
           begin
           already
           to
           grumble
           at
           the
           bringing
           in
           Flax
           and
           Linnen
           from
           Ireland
           .
           And
           if
           those
           Countries
           should
           improve
           in
           that
           Manufacture
           ,
           I
           know
           no
           reason
           why
           it
           should
           not
           be
           as
           much
           Justice
           to
           prohibit
           the
           Linnen
           Manufacture
           in
           Ireland
           as
           now
           the
           Woollen
           ,
           and
           no
           doubt
           the
           Parliament
           will
           not
           want
           Petitions
           to
           that
           purpose
           ;
           they
           trade
           in
           no
           Commodities
           that
           England
           does
           not
           produce
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           must
           not
           trade
           in
           those
           ,
           they
           must
           trade
           in
           none
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           English
           at
           best
           will
           quit
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           it
           must
           be
           maintained
           by
           vast
           Armies
           supported
           by
           the
           Men
           and
           Money
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           even
           that
           is
           an
           uncertain
           Security
           ,
           when
           all
           the
           Natives
           are
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           neighbouring
           Nations
           ready
           to
           assist
           them
           .
           But
           what
           seeems
           hardest
           yet
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           of
           England
           should
           do
           that
           ,
           now
           almost
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           is
           in
           English
           and
           Protestants
           hands
           ,
           which
           was
           never
           thought
           fit
           to
           be
           done
           whilst
           in
           Irish
           and
           Popish
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           often
           lamented
           that
           some
           method
           hath
           not
           been
           found
           out
           to
           make
           England
           and
           Ireland
           joyn
           hand
           in
           hand
           in
           the
           same
           Interest
           ,
           that
           England
           may
           not
           look
           upon
           Ireland
           as
           Rivals
           of
           their
           Trade
           ,
           nor
           Ireland
           upon
           England
           as
           severe
           Masters
           ,
           who
           would
           sacrifice
           them
           upon
           every
           imaginary
           and
           perhaps
           mistaken
           advantage
           .
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           Expedients
           of
           this
           kind
           may
           be
           offered
           ,
           but
           't
           is
           not
           now
           my
           Province
           ,
           't
           is
           a
           Subject
           worthy
           of
           the
           Legislative
           Power
           ,
           and
           your
           Lordships
           great
           Wisdom
           ;
           but
           I
           humbly
           conceive
           Acts
           to
           ruine
           their
           Trade
           will
           work
           a
           quite
           contrary
           effect
           ,
           and
           make
           Ireland
           look
           upon
           England
           instead
           of
           their
           Protectors
           ,
           as
           the
           check
           to
           all
           their
           endeavours
           ,
           and
           the
           obstacle
           to
           all
           their
           
           hopes
           .
           I
           know
           your
           Lordships
           are
           not
           to
           be
           diverted
           from
           your
           purposes
           by
           distant
           Surmises
           ;
           but
           't
           is
           no
           dishonour
           to
           apprehend
           just
           consequences
           ;
           for
           to
           fear
           nothing
           is
           as
           great
           an
           extravagance
           ,
           as
           to
           fear
           every
           thing
           .
        
         
           It
           's
           your
           Lordships
           noble
           Province
           in
           this
           Government
           under
           Heaven
           ,
           to
           redress
           Grievances
           ,
           to
           relieve
           the
           Oppressed
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           to
           correct
           the
           Exhorbitances
           of
           Inferiour
           Courts
           ,
           but
           to
           moderate
           the
           Excesses
           (
           if
           any
           should
           happen
           )
           of
           the
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Government
           ;
           and
           't
           is
           to
           your
           generous
           compassion
           that
           is
           offered
           the
           condition
           of
           an
           unhappy
           Nation
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           cause
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           England
           have
           lost
           their
           Fathers
           ,
           their
           Children
           ,
           their
           Brothers
           ,
           their
           Relations
           ;
           who
           have
           seen
           their
           Country
           every
           where
           on
           a
           light
           fire
           ,
           their
           Cities
           and
           Towns
           laid
           in
           rubbish
           and
           ashes
           ,
           their
           Estates
           ravished
           from
           them
           ,
           their
           Faith
           tortured
           ,
           and
           their
           own
           blood
           spilt
           promiscuously
           in
           the
           Fields
           and
           Lanes
           ,
           in
           the
           High-ways
           and
           Streets
           .
           Few
           have
           escaped
           this
           general
           destruction
           ;
           and
           't
           is
           hoped
           you
           will
           not
           let
           those
           few
           be
           in
           the
           condition
           of
           poor
           ●hipwrackt
           men
           on
           some
           Coa●●s
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           are
           thrown
           half
           dead
           a
           shore
           ,
           meet
           their
           ruine
           from
           those
           of
           whom
           they
           did
           expect
           relief
           .
           They
           are
           Englishmen
           sent
           over
           to
           conquer
           Ireland
           ,
           your
           Countrymen
           ,
           your
           Brothers
           ,
           your
           Sons
           ,
           your
           Relations
           your
           Acquaintance
           ;
           governed
           by
           the
           same
           King
           ,
           the
           same
           Laws
           ;
           of
           the
           same
           Religion
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           same
           Interest
           ,
           and
           equally
           engaged
           in
           the
           same
           common
           cause
           of
           Liberty
           .
           And
           they
           hope
           this
           Nation
           that
           hath
           so
           lately
           escaped
           the
           fetters
           of
           Tyranny
           ,
           will
           shew
           themselves
           easy
           and
           Gentle
           Masters
           to
           them
           ;
           they
           hope
           you
           will
           not
           let
           them
           by
           their
           service
           to
           England
           ,
           their
           zeal
           to
           their
           Religion
           ,
           their
           love
           to
           their
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           Stock
           ,
           and
           benefit
           of
           their
           Estates
           for
           a
           great
           many
           years
           ,
           purchase
           the
           loss
           of
           them
           for
           ever
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
  

