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         Eastland Company.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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             Reasons humbly offered by the governour, assistants, and fellowship of Eastland-Merchants against the giving of a general liberty to all persons whatsoever to export the English vvoollen-manufacture whither they please.
             Eastland Company.
          
           15 p.
           
             [s.n.],
             London printed :
             MDCLXXXIX [1689]
          
           
             Reproduction of original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Wool industry -- England.
           Restraint of trade -- England.
           Export controls -- England.
        
      
    
     
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           REASONS
           Humbly
           Offered
           by
           the
           GOVERNOUR
           ,
           Assistants
           ,
           And
           FELLOWSHIP
           of
           Eastland-Merchants
           .
        
         
           Against
           the
           giving
           of
           a
           General
           LIBERTY
           to
           all
           Persons
           whatsoever
           to
           Export
           the
           ENGLISH
           VVoollen-MANUFACTURE
           Whither
           they
           PLEASE
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           
             Anno.
             Dom.
          
           MDCLXXXIX
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           REASONS
           humbly
           offered
           by
           the
           Governour
           ,
           Assistants
           ,
           and
           Fellowship
           of
           Eastland
           Merchants
           ,
           against
           the
           giving
           of
           a
           general
           Liberty
           to
           all
           Persons
           whatsoever
           to
           export
           the
           English
           Woollen-Manufacture
           whither
           they
           please
           .
        
         
           IT
           was
           the
           observation
           of
           a
           great
           Man
           in
           his
           time
           ,
           that
           the
           ill
           Success
           which
           did
           attend
           Princes
           and
           States
           in
           their
           great
           Affairs
           ,
           did
           generally
           arise
           through
           the
           mistake
           of
           that
           which
           was
           their
           true
           Interest
           ;
           and
           certainly
           of
           all
           Errors
           in
           Judgment
           ,
           that
           which
           relates
           to
           a
           Man's
           Interest
           ,
           where
           it
           has
           been
           mistaken
           ,
           has
           been
           ever
           observed
           to
           be
           of
           a
           most
           fatal
           Consequence
           ;
           for
           as
           it
           is
           natural
           for
           every
           thing
           to
           tend
           to
           its
           proper
           Centre
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           as
           natural
           for
           every
           Man
           to
           persue
           (
           tho'
           by
           different
           ways
           and
           means
           )
           that
           which
           he
           apprehends
           to
           be
           his
           proper
           Interest
           ;
           wherein
           if
           he
           happen
           to
           be
           mistaken
           ,
           what
           can
           follow
           ?
           But
           instead
           of
           applying
           himself
           to
           that
           which
           is
           his
           real
           advantage
           ,
           he
           manytimes
           persueth
           with
           his
           utmost
           Endeavours
           ,
           that
           which
           in
           the
           issue
           proveth
           the
           direct
           contrary
           .
        
         
           That
           they
           are
           under
           a
           mis-apprehension
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           who
           do
           assert
           that
           a
           general
           Liberty
           to
           all
           Persons
           to
           export
           our
           Woollen-Manufacture
           where
           they
           please
           ,
           will
           conduce
           much
           to
           the
           interest
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           under
           a
           supposition
           that
           it
           will
           encrease
           the
           vent
           thereof
           ;
           we
           humbly
           apprehend
           will
           be
           clearly
           evident
           upon
           the
           following
           considerations
           ;
           which
           (
           as
           in
           duty
           bound
           )
           we
           submit
           to
           the
           Judgment
           of
           our
           Superiours
           .
        
         
           1st
           .
           We
           affirm
           ,
           That
           a
           General
           Permission
           of
           Exportation
           (
           as
           before
           mentioned
           )
           will
           be
           a
           means
           to
           debase
           the
           Reputation
           of
           our
           English-Manufacture
           ,
           and
           consequently
           
           render
           it
           less
           desireable
           and
           sought
           after
           abroad
           .
        
         
           2ly
           .
           It
           will
           overthrow
           all
           the
           Incorporated
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           in
           England
           ,
           as
           the
           Hamburgh
           ,
           the
           Russia
           ,
           (
           though
           established
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           )
           the
           East-Land
           ,
           the
           Turkey
           ,
           the
           East-India
           ,
           and
           the
           Affrican
           ;
           the
           Mischiefs
           consequential
           upon
           which
           ,
           will
           be
           as
           followeth
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           
             1.
             
             The
             Trade
             of
             England
             will
             thereby
             be
             lost
             as
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             come
             to
             be
             all
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             wise
             the
             greatest
             part
             ,
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             Forreigners
             ;
             as
             it
             formerly
             was
             ,
             before
             the
             said
             Companies
             were
             erected
             .
          
           
             2ly
             .
             All
             the
             Priviledges
             obtained
             by
             the
             said
             Companies
             from
             the
             Princes
             ,
             States
             ,
             and
             Governours
             of
             the
             places
             of
             their
             respective
             Residences
             (
             which
             are
             of
             great
             advantage
             to
             the
             vending
             of
             our
             English-Manufacture
             )
             will
             be
             utterly
             lost
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Navigation
             of
             England
             by
             degrees
             will
             be
             very
             much
             impaired
             ,
             and
             discouraged
             .
          
        
         
           3.
           
           Lastly
           ,
           to
           name
           no
           more
           ,
           a
           general
           Permission
           will
           be
           so
           far
           from
           answering
           the
           End
           proposed
           by
           it
           ,
           of
           vending
           a
           greater
           quantity
           of
           our
           Woollen-Manufacture
           than
           was
           before
           ;
           that
           in
           all
           probability
           ,
           it
           will
           in
           the
           end
           prove
           the
           contrary
           ,
           and
           be
           the
           occasion
           of
           vending
           a
           great
           deal
           less
           .
        
         
           The
           proving
           of
           which
           several
           Particulars
           we
           shall
           undertake
           in
           Order
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           1.
           
           For
           the
           first
           ,
           that
           a
           general
           Permission
           will
           be
           ,
           a
           means
           to
           debase
           the
           reputation
           of
           our
           Manufactures
           abroad
           ,
           and
           render
           them
           less
           desireable
           ;
           will
           appear
           as
           followeth
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           The
           trade
           of
           the
           Manufacture
           being
           now
           chiefly
           in
           the
           management
           of
           Regulated
           Companies
           ,
           it
           is
           both
           their
           Care
           and
           their
           Interest
           that
           the
           said
           Manufacture
           be
           not
           debased
           in
           its
           worth
           ,
           whereby
           it
           may
           come
           to
           
           a
           dis-esteem
           abroad
           ;
           which
           general
           Traders
           will
           never
           be
           mindful
           of
           .
        
         
           The
           appointing
           set
           times
           of
           Shipping
           will
           be
           prevented
           ,
           which
           (
           tho'
           now
           dis-used
           )
           yet
           hath
           sometimes
           been
           found
           necessary
           by
           regulated
           Companies
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           bring
           the
           Manufacture
           into
           an
           esteem
           again
           ,
           when
           by
           an
           Exportation
           of
           much
           more
           than
           the
           Market
           could
           take
           off
           ,
           it
           became
           unvendible
           ,
           and
           a
           Drugg
           .
        
         
           A
           General
           Permission
           letteth
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           ignorant
           Traders
           ,
           who
           for
           want
           of
           Judgment
           in
           the
           said
           Manufacture
           ,
           know
           not
           how
           to
           make
           choice
           of
           such
           which
           are
           proper
           for
           the
           Market
           ,
           and
           when
           they
           have
           them
           there
           ,
           are
           forced
           many
           times
           by
           their
           necessities
           to
           sell
           them
           to
           loss
           ,
           whereby
           our
           Manufacture
           cometh
           to
           be
           undervalued
           ,
           and
           our
           Nation
           greatly
           prejudiced
           ,
           an
           instance
           of
           which
           ,
           we
           find
           recorded
           as
           followeth
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           The
           English
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           had
           for
           a
           good
           while
           together
           ,
           a
           profitable
           Trade
           ,
           and
           good
           Sales
           for
           their
           English
           Manufactures
           at
           Narve
           ,
           in
           the
           
             Baltick
             Sea
          
           ,
           until
           at
           length
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1565
           ▪
           a
           number
           of
           stragling
           Merchants
           and
           unskillful
           ▪
           Traders
           resorted
           thither
           out
           of
           this
           Realm
           with
           their
           Commodities
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           ,
           in
           a
           little
           while
           ,
           the
           Trade
           which
           before
           was
           good
           ,
           was
           utterly
           spoiled
           ,
           insomuch
           ,
           that
           many
           of
           them
           went
           about
           the
           Town
           with
           Cloth
           upon
           their
           Arms
           ▪
           and
           a
           Measure
           in
           their
           Hands
           ,
           and
           sold
           the
           same
           by
           the
           Arsine
           (
           a
           Measure
           of
           that
           Country
           )
           to
           the
           great
           embasing
           of
           that
           excellent
           Commodity
           ,
           the
           discredit
           of
           our
           Nation
           ,
           and
           the
           final
           impoverishment
           ,
           and
           utter
           undoing
           of
           the
           said
           stragling
           Merchants
           ;
           all
           which
           being
           made
           known
           to
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           her
           Privy-Council
           ,
           Order
           was
           taken
           at
           the
           next
           Parliament
           ,
           that
           the
           Town
           of
           Narve
           (
           then
           under
           the
           jurisdiction
           of
           the
           Muscovite
           )
           should
           be
           comprized
           within
           the
           Charter
           of
           the
           Russia
           Company
           ,
           
           to
           prevent
           the
           like
           evil
           kind
           of
           dealing
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           and
           making
           vile
           the
           principal
           Commodity
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           And
           it
           was
           so
           done
           accordingly
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           one
           instance
           amongst
           others
           ,
           is
           sufficient
           to
           evidence
           ,
           that
           a
           general
           permission
           of
           Exportation
           to
           all
           Persons
           ,
           will
           be
           an
           occasion
           of
           bringing
           our
           Manufacture
           into
           a
           dis-esteem
           ;
           which
           was
           our
           first
           Reason
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           A
           General
           Permission
           will
           overthrow
           all
           the
           incorporated
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           of
           England
           ;
           the
           evil
           Consequences
           of
           which
           will
           be
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           the
           trade
           of
           England
           will
           thereby
           in
           time
           be
           lost
           as
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           come
           by
           degrees
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           Forreigners
           .
        
         
           The
           Trade
           of
           this
           Nation
           was
           formerly
           (
           as
           it
           were
           intirely
           )
           in
           the
           Forreigners
           Hands
           .
           viz.
           The
           Members
           of
           the
           Haus-Towns
           ,
           who
           were
           incorporated
           into
           a
           Society
           ,
           by
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Merchants
           of
           the
           Dutch-Hans
           ,
           and
           had
           many
           Priviledges
           and
           Immunities
           granted
           them
           by
           the
           Kings
           and
           Princes
           of
           this
           Realm
           ,
           and
           amongst
           others
           a
           Guildhall
           ,
           afterwards
           called
           the
           Steel-yard
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           carrying
           on
           their
           said
           Government
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           by
           a
           Charter
           granted
           to
           them
           in
           the
           twenty
           third
           year
           of
           Henry
           the
           Third
           ;
           but
           more
           especially
           by
           another
           Charter
           granted
           to
           them
           in
           the
           forty
           fourth
           year
           of
           the
           said
           King
           Henry
           the
           third
           ,
           and
           that
           General
           Charter
           to
           forreign
           Merchants
           ,
           granted
           by
           King
           Edward
           the
           First
           ,
           in
           the
           31
           st
           Year
           of
           His
           Reign
           .
        
         
           About
           the
           time
           of
           King
           Henry
           the
           4th
           .
           the
           English
           began
           to
           Trade
           themselves
           into
           the
           East-parts
           ,
           at
           which
           the
           Easterlings
           or
           Merchants
           of
           the
           Dutch-Hans
           ,
           were
           so
           offended
           ,
           that
           they
           took
           several
           of
           their
           Ships
           
           and
           Goods
           ,
           and
           offered
           them
           several
           other
           Injuries
           ,
           which
           occasioned
           great
           Complaints
           and
           Differences
           between
           the
           said
           King
           Henry
           the
           5th
           .
           and
           
             Couradus
             de
             Junigen
          
           ,
           then
           Master
           General
           of
           the
           Dutch
           Order
           in
           Prussia
           ,
           with
           the
           Hans
           Townes
           :
           And
           divers
           Embassies
           passed
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           on
           that
           Account
           ,
           the
           Result
           of
           which
           in
           short
           was
           this
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           King
           Henry
           the
           4
           th
           .
           finding
           by
           the
           said
           Priviledges
           granted
           to
           Forreigners
           ,
           his
           own
           Subjects
           (
           to
           the
           great
           Prejudice
           of
           the
           Realm
           )
           very
           much
           crippled
           in
           their
           Trade
           ;
           did
           revoke
           such
           parts
           of
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           the
           aforesaid
           Dutch
           Company
           ,
           as
           were
           inconsistent
           with
           the
           carryeing
           on
           of
           a
           Trade
           by
           the
           Natives
           of
           this
           Realm
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           better
           Encouragement
           of
           his
           owne
           Subjects
           ,
           did
           in
           the
           5th
           .
           Year
           of
           His
           Reign
           ,
           grant
           his
           first
           Charter
           to
           the
           Merchants
           Trading
           into
           the
           Eastland
           ,
           containing
           many
           great
           Priviledges
           ,
           and
           Immunities
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           said
           Charter
           may
           appear
           ;
           which
           having
           a
           good
           effect
           to
           the
           bringing
           of
           the
           Trade
           much
           more
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Natives
           of
           this
           Realm
           than
           was
           before
           ,
           King
           Edward
           the
           4th
           .
           for
           their
           more
           Ample
           Encouragement
           ,
           did
           in
           the
           Second
           Year
           of
           His
           Reign
           ,
           grant
           another
           Large
           Charter
           ,
           to
           the
           Merchants
           of
           England
           ;
           especially
           to
           those
           Residing
           in
           the
           Nether-Lands
           ,
           with
           several
           additional
           Immunities
           and
           Priviledges
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           Charter
           at
           Large
           may
           appear
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           1st
           .
           and
           2d
           .
           of
           Philip
           and
           Mary
           ,
           was
           granted
           the
           Charter
           to
           the
           Russia
           Company
           ,
           afterwards
           confirmed
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           in
           the
           8th
           .
           Year
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           .
        
         
           Until
           whose
           time
           ,
           tho'
           the
           Trade
           of
           this
           Nation
           was
           driven
           much
           more
           by
           the
           Natives
           thereof
           ,
           than
           had
           been
           formerly
           ,
           yet
           had
           the
           Society
           of
           the
           Dutch-Hans
           ,
           at
           the
           Steele-Yard
           ,
           much
           the
           advantage
           of
           them
           ,
           
           by
           means
           of
           their
           well
           regulated
           Societies
           ,
           and
           the
           priviledges
           they
           enjoyed
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           almost
           the
           whole
           Trade
           was
           driven
           by
           them
           ,
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           Her Self
           when
           She
           came
           to
           have
           a
           War
           ,
           was
           forced
           to
           buy
           the
           
             Hemp
             ,
             Pitch
             ,
             Tarr
             ,
             Powder
          
           and
           other
           Naval
           Provisions
           ,
           which
           She
           wanted
           of
           Forreigners
           ,
           and
           that
           too
           ,
           at
           their
           own
           Rates
           ;
           nor
           was
           there
           any
           Stores
           of
           either
           in
           the
           Land
           to
           supply
           her
           occasions
           on
           a
           suddain
           ,
           but
           what
           at
           great
           Rates
           She
           prevailed
           with
           them
           to
           fetch
           for
           Her
           ,
           even
           in
           time
           of
           War
           ;
           they
           being
           strangers
           not
           regarding
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           and
           Her
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           being
           as
           then
           but
           very
           little
           Traders
           :
           To
           remedy
           which
           ,
           She
           fell
           upon
           the
           consideration
           ,
           how
           She
           might
           at
           home
           have
           a
           well-grounded
           dependance
           ,
           to
           have
           those
           necessary
           Commodities
           by
           Her
           ,
           that
           so
           She
           might
           not
           want
           them
           ,
           when
           She
           most
           needed
           them
           ;
           and
           after
           great
           deliberation
           ,
           no
           better
           Expedient
           could
           be
           found
           ,
           by
           the
           said
           Queen
           ,
           and
           Her
           Council
           ,
           than
           by
           encouraging
           her
           own
           Subjects
           to
           be
           the
           Merchants
           ,
           which
           She
           did
           ,
           by
           erecting
           out
           of
           them
           several
           Societies
           ;
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           the
           
             East-Land
             Company
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Companies
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           ,
           and
           by
           cancelling
           many
           of
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           the
           forementioned
           Dutch-Hans
           Society
           ,
           the
           Trade
           in
           General
           ,
           by
           degrees
           came
           to
           be
           managed
           by
           the
           Natives
           of
           this
           Realm
           ,
           and
           consequently
           ,
           the
           Profit
           of
           all
           those
           Trades
           accrewed
           to
           the
           English
           Nation
           ;
           Trade
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           English
           Shipping
           was
           encreased
           ,
           Her
           own
           Customes
           vastly
           augmented
           ,
           and
           what
           was
           at
           first
           the
           great
           End
           of
           all
           obtained
           ,
           viz.
           That
           She
           had
           constantly
           ,
           lying
           at
           home
           ,
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           Her
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           all
           sorts
           of
           Naval
           Provisions
           and
           Stores
           ,
           which
           She
           could
           make
           use
           of
           ,
           as
           Her
           occasions
           required
           them
           ,
           without
           any
           dependance
           on
           Her
           Neighbours
           for
           the
           same
           .
        
         
         
           And
           thus
           by
           the
           means
           of
           the
           Erecting
           the
           forementioned
           Societies
           ,
           and
           Preserving
           and
           Encouraging
           that
           of
           the
           Merchant-Adventurers
           ,
           was
           the
           Trade
           at
           first
           gained
           from
           Forreigners
           to
           the
           Natives
           of
           this
           Realme
           ,
           to
           its
           Inestimable
           Advantage
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           same
           means
           hath
           been
           hitherto
           in
           great
           measure
           preserved
           ;
           but
           if
           these
           Societies
           should
           be
           overthrown
           ,
           as
           they
           will
           certainly
           be
           ,
           by
           a
           general
           Liberty
           granted
           to
           all
           Persons
           ,
           both
           Strangers
           and
           others
           ,
           to
           carry
           our
           Woollen-Manufactures
           to
           the
           places
           of
           their
           respective
           Priviledges
           ,
           the
           Trade
           will
           again
           by
           degrees
           be
           lost
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           fall
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           Forreigners
           ;
           since
           it
           is
           clearly
           evident
           ,
           that
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           the
           Natives
           of
           this
           Realm
           ,
           can
           by
           no
           other
           ways
           be
           preserved
           ,
           than
           by
           the
           same
           method
           it
           was
           at
           first
           obtained
           ,
           viz.
           the
           Supporting
           the
           several
           and
           respective
           Societies
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           in
           their
           Priviledges
           and
           Immunities
           .
        
         
           2dly
           .
           The
           next
           Mischeif
           that
           will
           follow
           upon
           the
           overthrow
           of
           the
           respective
           Companies
           ,
           consequential
           upon
           a
           General
           Permission
           ,
           is
           this
           ;
           that
           all
           the
           beneficial
           Priviledges
           obtained
           at
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Princes
           and
           Governours
           of
           the
           respective
           Places
           of
           their
           Residences
           will
           be
           utterly
           Lost
           ,
           to
           the
           very
           great
           disadvantage
           of
           the
           Vending
           of
           our
           English
           Manufacture
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           so
           apparent
           ,
           that
           it
           needeth
           no
           enlargement
           ;
           for
           if
           the
           Companies
           fall
           ,
           their
           Priviledges
           must
           necessarily
           fall
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           tho'
           obtained
           at
           the
           Intercession
           of
           our
           Princes
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           great
           expence
           and
           sollicitations
           of
           the
           said
           Companies
           ,
           yet
           if
           a
           General
           permission
           be
           granted
           to
           all
           persons
           to
           Trade
           to
           the
           places
           of
           their
           Priviledges
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           forthwith
           looked
           upon
           ,
           but
           under
           the
           notion
           of
           general
           Traders
           ,
           and
           their
           Priviledges
           ,
           which
           in
           some
           Places
           are
           greater
           than
           those
           Princes
           own
           Subjects
           enjoy
           ,
           will
           be
           by
           them
           gladly
           
           celled
           ,
           and
           re-assumed
           ,
           which
           is
           so
           apparent
           to
           every
           Mans
           reason
           ,
           that
           we
           shall
           add
           no
           more
           about
           it
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           last
           mischief
           mentioned
           arising
           by
           the
           over
           tbrow
           of
           the
           Companies
           ,
           of
           which
           a
           General
           Permission
           to
           trade
           to
           the
           places
           of
           the
           Priviledges
           is
           a
           necessary
           consequence
           ,
           is
           this
           ,
           That
           the
           Navigation
           of
           England
           will
           by
           degrees
           be
           thereby
           much
           impaired
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           almost
           as
           apparent
           as
           the
           former
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           a
           certain
           Maxim
           ,
           that
           the
           encrease
           of
           Navigation
           followeth
           the
           encrease
           of
           Trade
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           fall
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           Forreigners
           ,
           as
           it
           will
           in
           a
           little
           time
           do
           ,
           )
           by
           the
           discouragement
           of
           English
           Merchants
           ,
           the
           Navigation
           of
           England
           must
           likewise
           in
           time
           decay
           ;
           for
           it
           has
           been
           always
           observed
           that
           the
           Forreigner
           will
           not
           make
           use
           of
           English
           Shipping
           if
           he
           can
           have
           any
           other
           ,
           for
           besides
           his
           National
           ,
           his
           Personal
           Interest
           leadeth
           him
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           in
           as
           much
           as
           he
           can
           have
           his
           Goods
           carried
           at
           cheaper
           Rates
           in
           forreign
           Shipping
           ,
           who
           can
           ,
           and
           do
           Sail
           at
           much
           easier
           Charge
           than
           our
           English
           ,
           and
           so
           our
           Navigation
           by
           degrees
           will
           be
           much
           impaired
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           We
           come
           now
           to
           the
           third
           and
           last
           reason
           that
           a
           General
           Permission
           will
           be
           so
           far
           from
           gaining
           the
           end
           proposed
           by
           it
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           Probability
           it
           will
           in
           the
           event
           prove
           the
           contrary
           ,
           which
           if
           we
           make
           out
           ,
           (
           as
           we
           hope
           we
           shall
           )
           by
           reason
           ,
           and
           that
           backed
           by
           the
           experience
           of
           former
           and
           latter
           times
           :
           It
           will
           then
           (
           we
           presume
           )
           be
           satisfactory
           to
           all
           disinterested
           Persons
           ,
           that
           a
           General
           Permission
           will
           be
           no
           ways
           for
           the
           good
           ,
           but
           much
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
        
         
           In
           order
           to
           the
           proof
           of
           which
           we
           shall
           lay
           down
           this
           as
           a
           sure
           Maxim
           ,
           
             that
             it
             is
             not
             the
             quantity
             of
             Woollen-Manufacture
             exported
             ,
             but
             what
             the
             Markets
             abroad
             are
             able
             to
             take
             off
             ,
             and
             those
             Nations
             expend
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             true
             Rule
             ,
             by
             which
             our
             measures
             must
             be
             taken
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             expence
             of
             our
          
           English
           Manufacture
           .
        
         
         
           For
           instance
           ,
           If
           in
           one
           year
           there
           should
           be
           twenty
           thousand
           Cloths
           sent
           unto
           a
           Place
           whose
           Markets
           and
           expence
           will
           take
           off
           but
           ten
           Thousand
           ;
           Will
           the
           Expence
           of
           our
           Manufacture
           be
           ever
           the
           larger
           for
           that
           great
           Exportation
           ?
           No
           ,
           for
           the
           other
           ten
           Thousand
           must
           lye
           undisposed
           of
           ,
           for
           the
           expence
           of
           the
           next
           year
           ,
           so
           that
           by
           how
           much
           the
           more
           Manufacture
           was
           sent
           the
           first
           Year
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           so
           much
           the
           less
           sent
           the
           next
           ,
           and
           so
           from
           year
           to
           year
           ,
           accordingly
           as
           the
           expence
           requires
           it
           ;
           unless
           it
           can
           be
           supposed
           that
           the
           Merchant
           will
           still
           be
           sending
           out
           ,
           without
           consideration
           had
           of
           his
           selling
           abroad
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           irrational
           to
           suppose
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           impossible
           to
           be
           ,
           done
           without
           an
           unexhaustable
           stock
           .
           By
           which
           it
           appeareth
           ,
           and
           is
           clearly
           evident
           ,
           That
           a
           general
           Permission
           may
           well
           change
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Exporters
           ,
           but
           can
           never
           encrease
           the
           expence
           of
           the
           Manufacture
           .
        
         
           Nor
           can
           the
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           as
           such
           ,
           lessen
           ;
           or
           the
           general
           Permission
           ,
           encrese
           ,
           a
           the
           said
           Exportation
           ,
           but
           in
           one
           of
           these
           three
           cases
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           1.
           
           Either
           first
           ,
           if
           the
           said
           Companies
           should
           make
           any
           By-Laws
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           to
           limit
           the
           Exportation
           of
           the
           said
           Manufactures
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           advancing
           of
           it
           in
           Price
           .
           This
           we
           must
           confess
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           hindrance
           to
           its
           Expence
           ;
           but
           we
           can
           ,
           and
           do
           aver
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           not
           ,
           nor
           ever
           was
           ,
           that
           we
           know
           of
           in
           ours
           or
           any
           of
           the
           said
           Companies
           ,
           any
           By-Laws
           to
           limit
           or
           restrain
           the
           Exportation
           .
        
         
           Or
           2dly
           .
           If
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           Companies
           ,
           as
           particular
           Merchants
           should
           make
           a
           combination
           among
           themselves
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           not
           Transport
           above
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Clothes
           in
           such
           a
           time
           ,
           or
           sell
           them
           under
           such
           a
           rate
           ,
           that
           so
           their
           Price
           might
           be
           advanced
           :
           But
           this
           considering
           the
           great
           numbers
           of
           Persons
           in
           the
           several
           Companies
           ,
           &
           their
           different
           
           
           
           
           
           particular
           Interest
           ,
           (
           all
           which
           must
           be
           comprised
           in
           such
           a
           Combination
           )
           is
           Morally
           Impossible
           ;
           and
           is
           that
           which
           never
           was
           ,
           nor
           can
           be
           done
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Or
           Lastly
           ,
           if
           the
           Merchants
           of
           the
           respective
           Companies
           ,
           have
           not
           sufficient
           stock
           to
           take
           off
           asmuch
           of
           our
           Manufacture
           ,
           and
           send
           it
           to
           the
           respective
           places
           of
           their
           Residence
           ,
           as
           those
           Markets
           are
           capable
           of
           Vending
           ;
           but
           that
           this
           is
           not
           so
           ,
           we
           may
           with
           modesty
           affirm
           since
           it
           is
           well
           known
           ,
           that
           the
           Merchants
           of
           the
           respective
           Companies
           ,
           have
           Stocks
           sufficient
           to
           carry
           off
           five
           times
           as
           much
           of
           our
           Manufacture
           ,
           as
           the
           several
           Countries
           to
           which
           they
           Trade
           ,
           can
           ,
           or
           will
           vend
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           the
           
             English
             Merchants
          
           ,
           being
           neither
           dis-enabled
           through
           want
           of
           Stock
           ,
           nor
           hindred
           by
           any
           By-Law
           ,
           nor
           enengaged
           in
           any
           combination
           among
           themselves
           ,
           to
           send
           less
           of
           our
           Manufacture
           to
           the
           places
           of
           their
           respective
           Trades
           ,
           than
           the
           Markets
           in
           those
           places
           will
           take
           off
           ,
           and
           vend
           ;
           it
           may
           reasonably
           be
           concluded
           ,
           that
           the
           Merchant
           would
           be
           glad
           to
           send
           double
           the
           quantity
           they
           now
           do
           ,
           if
           they
           could
           find
           a
           vent
           for
           it
           ,
           it
           being
           so
           much
           their
           Interest
           as
           to
           Profit
           ,
           to
           increase
           their
           Trade
           :
           
             And
             that
             a
             General
             Permission
             ,
             (
             as
             was
             before
             intimated
             )
             may
             change
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Exporters
             ,
             but
             cannon
             in
             any
             wise
             increase
             the
             exportation
             it self
          
           ;
           but
           instead
           thereof
           by
           the
           means
           of
           over
           glutting
           the
           Markets
           ,
           they
           are
           many
           times
           put
           upon
           a
           necessity
           of
           selling
           to
           loss
           ,
           by
           which
           inconvenience
           ,
           together
           with
           many
           other
           ,
           if
           we
           will
           believe
           the
           experience
           ,
           both
           of
           former
           Ages
           ,
           and
           latter
           times
           ;
           a
           General
           Permission
           hath
           brought
           our
           Manufacture
           into
           such
           dis-esteem
           ,
           as
           hath
           much
           lessened
           the
           exportation
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           what
           it
           was
           before
           .
        
         
           Two
           instances
           whereof
           ,
           one
           of
           former
           Ages
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           of
           latter
           times
           ,
           we
           shall
           crave
           leave
           to
           offer
           ,
           which
           we
           presume
           will
           sufficiently
           clear
           up
           the
           truth
           of
           what
           has
           been
           alleadged
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           29th
           .
           Year
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           the
           
             Wool-Sellers
             Clothiers
          
           ,
           and
           others
           living
           upon
           the
           Woollen-manufacture
           finding
           
           themselves
           grieved
           for
           want
           of
           sufficient
           vent
           for
           the
           same
           made
           their
           Complaint
           to
           the
           Queens
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           her
           Council
           ,
           and
           did
           assign
           the
           same
           Cause
           as
           is
           now
           pretended
           ,
           viz
           The
           Monopoly
           of
           the
           several
           Companies
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           a
           wan
           of
           Permission
           for
           all
           Persons
           ,
           both
           Natives
           and
           Forreigners
           to
           buy
           it
           up
           ,
           and
           send
           it
           abroad
           ;
           upon
           which
           it
           was
           then
           supposed
           that
           the
           only
           Remedy
           to
           cure
           this
           evil
           ,
           would
           be
           to
           give
           Liberty
           to
           all
           Persons
           ,
           both
           her
           Highness's
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           Forreigners
           to
           buy
           ,
           and
           transport
           Cloth
           ,
           and
           other
           Woollen-Manufactures
           when
           ,
           and
           where
           they
           pleased
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           a
           general
           Permission
           was
           granted
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           enabled
           thereunto
           by
           Letters
           Pattents
           from
           her
           Higness
           ,
           directed
           to
           the
           then
           Lord-Treasurer
           ,
           with
           a
           
             non
             obstante
          
           to
           the
           Companies
           Charter
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Charter
           of
           the
           City
           of
           London
           might
           be
           no
           hindrance
           thereunto
           ,
           (
           by
           reason
           that
           unfreemen
           are
           thereby
           restrained
           from
           buying
           and
           selling
           at
           Blackwell-Hall
           within
           the
           said
           City
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           ordinary
           Market-place
           for
           buying
           and
           selling
           of
           Cloth
           )
           the
           sign
           of
           the
           George
           in
           Kingstreet
           in
           Westminster
           was
           appointed
           in
           the
           said
           Letters
           Pattents
           ,
           as
           a
           Market-place
           for
           all
           Clothiers
           ,
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           both
           free
           and
           unfree
           ,
           to
           resort
           unto
           ,
           as
           would
           take
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           said
           General
           Permission
           .
        
         
           But
           did
           the
           vent
           of
           the
           Manufacture
           encrease
           thereby
           ?
           No
           ,
           but
           rather
           grew
           worse
           and
           worse
           .
           The
           Company
           being
           afraid
           to
           go
           on
           in
           their
           Trade
           under
           such
           an
           Innovation
           ,
           and
           the
           Forreigner
           not
           taking
           it
           off
           ,
           the
           Manufacture
           lay
           on
           the
           makers
           Hands
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           the
           poor
           People
           in
           Wilishire
           ,
           and
           Gloucestershire
           in
           great
           numbers
           were
           ready
           to
           grow
           into
           a
           Mutiny
           ;
           and
           when
           all
           Men
           expected
           nothing
           less
           than
           the
           abolishing
           of
           the
           Company
           ,
           as
           the
           only
           cause
           of
           all
           this
           Grief
           ;
           and
           the
           setting
           up
           the
           Merchants
           of
           the
           Steel-yard
           again
           ,
           and
           establishing
           that
           general
           Permission
           ,
           as
           the
           proper
           Remedy
           :
           Nothing
           of
           this
           followed
           ,
           but
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           Council
           sent
           for
           the
           Company
           ,
           and
           after
           they
           had
           been
           heard
           ,
           and
           had
           made
           known
           to
           them
           the
           true
           cause
           of
           the
           
           present
           want
           of
           Vent
           ;
           they
           were
           so
           satisfied
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           to
           Will
           the
           said
           Company
           to
           proceed
           as
           formerly
           in
           their
           Trade
           ,
           and
           gave
           them
           Promises
           of
           all
           the
           assistance
           ,
           and
           countenance
           for
           the
           future
           which
           they
           could
           reasonably
           desire
           ;
           which
           ,
           certainly
           their
           Lordships
           would
           not
           have
           done
           ,
           if
           that
           they
           had
           seen
           that
           the
           late
           Innovation
           ,
           or
           general
           Permission
           had
           brought
           forth
           ,
           or
           was
           likely
           to
           bring
           forth
           the
           promised
           Effect
           ,
           or
           that
           without
           Trading
           under
           regulated
           Societies
           ,
           so
           great
           a
           quantity
           of
           Woollen-Manufacture
           could
           be
           vented
           ,
           as
           was
           when
           they
           were
           maintained
           ,
           and
           defended
           in
           the
           Enjoyment
           of
           their
           Rights
           and
           Priviledges
           .
        
         
           The
           other
           Instance
           is
           of
           a
           much
           later
           Date
           ,
           and
           fresh
           in
           Memory
           ;
           when
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1662
           ,
           upon
           a
           complaint
           of
           the
           like
           nature
           ,
           a
           temporary
           Liberty
           was
           granted
           to
           all
           Persons
           to
           buy
           ,
           and
           Ship
           out
           our
           Woollen-Manufacture
           ;
           but
           so
           far
           was
           it
           ,
           upon
           Tryal
           made
           ,
           from
           answering
           the
           End
           proposed
           ,
           that
           the
           very
           Clothiers
           themselves
           did
           in
           the
           following
           Year
           1663
           ,
           Petition
           that
           the
           said
           liberty
           might
           be
           revoked
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           upon
           their
           Petition
           it
           was
           revoked
           ,
           by
           his
           late
           Majesty
           ,
           King
           Charles
           the
           Second
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           it
           be
           now
           objected
           to
           us
           ,
           that
           after
           all
           our
           endeavours
           to
           prove
           that
           a
           general
           Permission
           will
           not
           Increase
           the
           vent
           of
           our
           Manufacture
           ,
           we
           have
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           no
           where
           affirmed
           what
           will
           ,
           we
           must
           declare
           ,
           that
           at
           present
           we
           know
           but
           one
           of
           these
           two
           ,
           either
           to
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           its
           making
           in
           other
           Parts
           ;
           or
           of
           making
           it
           so
           cheap
           here
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           be
           able
           to
           undersel
           our
           Neighbours
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           of
           which
           we
           know
           to
           be
           impossible
           ,
           the
           latter
           ,
           we
           have
           reason
           to
           believe
           might
           give
           offence
           to
           those
           who
           are
           the
           Sellers
           of
           its
           Materials
           ,
           tho'
           it
           is
           sufficiently
           evident
           to
           any
           common
           Understanding
           ,
           that
           the
           cheapness
           of
           the
           Materials
           is
           the
           most
           proper
           means
           of
           encreasing
           the
           vent
           of
           our
           Manufacture
           ;
           for
           he
           that
           goeth
           cheapest
           to
           Market
           with
           a
           Commodity
           of
           equal
           Goodness
           ,
           shall
           thereby
           be
           enabled
           
           to
           sell
           cheaper
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           be
           assured
           of
           the
           first
           Market
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           ,
           tho'
           there
           be
           many
           other
           Arguments
           ,
           and
           further
           Instances
           which
           might
           set
           sorth
           the
           great
           National
           Mischiefs
           ,
           and
           little
           benefit
           which
           will
           naturally
           arise
           from
           such
           a
           general
           Permission
           ;
           yet
           at
           present
           we
           shall
           add
           no
           more
           ,
           forasmuch
           as
           we
           humbly
           conceive
           what
           was
           before
           alleadged
           ,
           is
           sufficient
           to
           convince
           all
           unprejudiced
           Persons
           ,
           that
           a
           general
           Permission
           will
           bring
           great
           Inconvenicies
           upon
           the
           Nation
           in
           general
           ,
           as
           to
           its
           Trade
           ,
           and
           when
           that
           is
           done
           ,
           no
           ways
           answer
           the
           end
           proposed
           by
           it
           .
        
         
           All
           which
           is
           most
           humbly
           submitted
           ,
           &c.
           
             Exam.
             per.
          
           Ince
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
  

