







 
   
     
       
         The interest of England, as it stands, with relation to the trade of Ireland, considered the arguments against the bill for prohibiting the exportation of woollen manufactures from Ireland to forreign parts fairly discusst ...
         Clement, Simon.
      
       
         
           1698
        
      
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         A33409
         Wing C4638A
         ESTC R35616
         15500898
         ocm 15500898
         103578
         
           
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             The interest of England, as it stands, with relation to the trade of Ireland, considered the arguments against the bill for prohibiting the exportation of woollen manufactures from Ireland to forreign parts fairly discusst ...
             Clement, Simon.
          
           [2], 23 p.
           
             Printed by John Atwood ...,
             London :
             1698.
          
           
             Attributed to Clement by Wing and NUC pre-1956 imprints.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Wool industry -- England.
           Great Britain -- Commerce.
           Ireland -- Commerce.
           Great Britain -- Colonies -- Commerce.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           Interest
           of
           ENGLAND
           ,
           As
           it
           stands
           with
           Relation
           to
           the
           Trade
           of
           IRELAND
           ,
           CONSIDERED
           ;
           The
           ARGUMENTS
           against
           the
           BILL
           ,
           for
           Prohibiting
           the
           Exportation
           of
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           from
           Ireland
           to
           Forreign
           Parts
           ,
           FAIRLY
           DISCUSST
           ,
           And
           the
           Reasonableness
           and
           Necessity
           of
           Englands
           restraining
           her
           Colonies
           in
           all
           Matters
           of
           Trade
           ,
           that
           may
           be
           prejudicial
           to
           her
           own
           Commerce
           ,
           CLEARLY
           DEMONSTRATED
           .
        
         
           
             With
             short
             Remarques
             on
             a
             Book
             ,
             Entituled
             ,
          
           Some
           Thoughts
           on
           the
           BILL
           depending
           before
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           ,
           for
           Prohibiting
           the
           Exportation
           of
           the
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           of
           Ireland
           to
           Forreign
           Parts
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Iohn
             Astwood
          
           ,
           at
           his
           Printing-House
           behind
           St.
           
             Christophers
             Church
          
           in
           Thread-needle-street
           ,
           the
           backside
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Exchange
          
           .
           1698.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Most
           Honourable
           ,
           JOHN
           ,
           Marquess
           of
           Normanby
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Happened
           to
           come
           into
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           at
           the
           time
           when
           your
           Lordships
           were
           Hearing
           Council
           against
           the
           Bill
           ,
           for
           the
           Prohibiting
           the
           Exportation
           of
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           from
           Ireland
           to
           Forreign
           Parts
           ;
           and
           altho'
           I
           was
           of
           the
           Opinion
           ,
           that
           the
           Interest
           of
           England
           was
           fo
           nearly
           concern'd
           in
           that
           Matter
           ,
           as
           that
           it
           would
           appear
           at
           first
           sight
           to
           all
           disinteressed
           Persons
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           an
           absolute
           Necessity
           of
           putting
           a
           stop
           to
           the
           growth
           of
           such
           a
           Manufactury
           there
           ,
           which
           must
           in
           its
           Natural
           Consequences
           ravish
           from
           us
           our
           Principal
           Trade
           ,
           anticipate
           and
           divert
           the
           Source
           of
           our
           Wealth
           and
           Power
           ,
           and
           by
           easie
           and
           (
           at
           first
           )
           imperceptible
           degrees
           ,
           exhaust
           the
           very
           Life
           and
           Soul
           of
           England
           ,
           by
           drawing
           away
           the
           Working
           People
           and
           Trading
           Stock
           :
           Yet
           when
           I
           came
           to
           Observe
           ,
           that
           even
           the
           Committing
           the
           Bill
           did
           admit
           of
           a
           long
           arguing
           in
           your
           Honourable
           House
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           carried
           without
           much
           Opposition
           ,
           it
           brought
           me
           to
           Consider
           ,
           that
           how
           clear
           soever
           it
           may
           seem
           to
           Men
           that
           have
           been
           conversant
           in
           the
           Practice
           of
           Trade
           ,
           yet
           it
           must
           be
           a
           Matter
           of
           great
           Difficulty
           for
           your
           Lordships
           to
           determine
           in
           such
           things
           ,
           where
           the
           Judgment
           is
           directed
           from
           Information
           
           only
           ,
           since
           those
           Informations
           are
           generally
           given
           with
           the
           greatest
           partiality
           :
           And
           I
           know
           by
           my
           own
           Experience
           ,
           that
           any
           Impressions
           receiv'd
           from
           Persons
           for
           whom
           we
           have
           some
           Favour
           or
           Compassion
           ,
           are
           apt
           to
           create
           so
           strong
           a
           prejudging
           of
           the
           Case
           ,
           that
           we
           cannot
           so
           easily
           discern
           the
           reasonableness
           of
           the
           contrary
           Arguments
           ,
           or
           suffer
           our selves
           to
           be
           Convinc'd
           without
           the
           clearest
           Demonstrations
           possible
           .
           'T
           is
           therefore
           ,
           because
           I
           have
           thought
           the
           Well-being
           of
           my
           Countrey
           to
           depend
           very
           much
           upon
           this
           Case
           ,
           and
           that
           I
           believe
           it
           capable
           of
           so
           plain
           a
           Demonstration
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           thought
           it
           my
           Duty
           to
           endeavour
           to
           set
           this
           Controversie
           in
           so
           true
           a
           Light
           ,
           as
           that
           it
           might
           not
           be
           difficult
           for
           your
           Lordships
           to
           make
           a
           right
           Judgment
           therein
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           indeed
           been
           so
           far
           from
           concerning
           my self
           in
           this
           Matter
           hitherto
           ,
           as
           that
           I
           have
           not
           so
           much
           as
           seen
           the
           Bill
           ,
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           not
           pretend
           to
           meddle
           with
           the
           Methods
           taken
           therein
           ;
           my
           Design
           being
           only
           to
           shew
           the
           Necessity
           there
           is
           upon
           us
           to
           stop
           the
           progress
           of
           such
           Manufacturys
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           which
           directly
           interfere
           with
           those
           of
           England
           ;
           to
           evince
           which
           ,
           I
           shall
           offer
           a
           few
           Propositions
           ,
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           so
           evident
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           will
           admit
           of
           no
           Controversie
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           England
           hath
           no
           other
           means
           of
           procuring
           Riches
           ,
           than
           by
           vending
           a
           greater
           Value
           of
           her
           Commodities
           in
           Forreign
           Markets
           ,
           than
           what
           she
           expends
           in
           Merchandizes
           imported
           from
           abroad
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           the
           far
           greater
           Value
           of
           the
           Exportations
           of
           England
           arises
           from
           her
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           That
           England
           hath
           always
           been
           able
           to
           send
           as
           much
           of
           her
           Woollen
           Manufacturies
           abroad
           ,
           as
           could
           be
           vended
           in
           Forreign
           Markets
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           That
           whatsoever
           Countrey
           can
           afford
           their
           Manufacturies
           cheapest
           ,
           must
           infallibly
           gain
           the
           Trade
           from
           that
           Countrey
           that
           cannot
           work
           so
           cheap
           .
        
         
         
           5.
           
           That
           Ireland
           is
           able
           to
           make
           many
           of
           the
           same
           kinds
           of
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           cheaper
           than
           England
           ,
           and
           therefore
           will
           never
           want
           a
           Vent
           for
           them
           in
           Forreign
           Markets
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           That
           the
           whole
           Quantity
           of
           such
           Manufactures
           which
           Ireland
           shall
           supply
           in
           Forreign
           Markets
           ,
           will
           hinder
           the
           Sale
           of
           so
           much
           from
           England
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           whole
           Value
           thereof
           will
           be
           so
           much
           clear
           Loss
           to
           England
           .
        
         
           7.
           
           That
           whatsoever
           Number
           of
           People
           shall
           be
           employed
           in
           this
           Trade
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           the
           same
           Number
           of
           our
           Manufacturers
           must
           sit
           still
           in
           England
           .
        
         
           8.
           
           That
           such
           People
           to
           avoid
           starving
           at
           home
           ,
           will
           go
           to
           Ireland
           for
           Work
           ,
           by
           which
           Means
           the
           Woollen
           Manufactury
           in
           Ireland
           may
           soon
           come
           to
           be
           greater
           than
           that
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           the
           whole
           Trade
           would
           most
           probably
           be
           Establisht
           there
           ,
           and
           lost
           here
           .
        
         
           The
           fatal
           Consequences
           that
           flow
           from
           these
           Premises
           ,
           are
           too
           obvious
           to
           need
           further
           Illustration
           here
           ;
           but
           the
           matter
           will
           yet
           appear
           more
           plain
           ,
           when
           I
           come
           to
           answer
           the
           Arguments
           which
           have
           been
           offered
           against
           the
           Bill
           ;
           To
           which
           I
           proceed
           ,
        
         
           1st
           .
           
             That
             the
             Government
             of
          
           England
           
             have
             at
             several
             times
             given
             Encouragement
             to
             the
             settling
             a
             Woolen
             Manuf●ry
             in
          
           Ireland
           ,
           
             and
             therefore
             't
             would
             be
             very
             unreasonable
             ,
             after
             they
             have
             with
             great
             Charge
             and
             Difficulty
             brought
             the
             same
             to
             some
             Perfection
             ,
             to
             destroy
             it
             at
             once
             ,
             and
             ruine
             the
             Vndertakers
             .
          
        
         
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           (
           supposing
           this
           to
           be
           true
           )
           former
           times
           might
           not
           see
           through
           all
           the
           Inconveniencies
           that
           might
           accrew
           to
           England
           by
           settling
           a
           Woollen
           Manufactury
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           they
           intended
           that
           encouragement
           only
           to
           capacitate
           them
           to
           make
           Clothing
           for
           themselves
           ,
           but
           not
           to
           enable
           them
           to
           interfere
           with
           England
           in
           its
           Forreign
           Trade
           ;
           for
           certainly
           our
           Ancestors
           who
           prohibited
           the
           sending
           their
           Woolls
           to
           Forreign
           Parts
           ,
           never
           intended
           to
           enable
           
           them
           to
           send
           the
           Manufactures
           made
           thereof
           ,
           which
           would
           do
           us
           a
           far
           greater
           Damage
           .
           But
           as
           England
           hath
           always
           shewn
           her
           Parental
           Care
           over
           all
           her
           Colonies
           ,
           in
           being
           ready
           to
           give
           them
           all
           the
           Encouragement
           necessary
           to
           their
           Well
           Being
           ;
           so
           She
           ought
           also
           to
           Exert
           her
           Power
           in
           restraining
           them
           ,
           when
           She
           finds
           them
           Enterprizing
           any
           thing
           that
           may
           prove
           Injurious
           to
           her self
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           She
           is
           justifi'd
           as
           well
           by
           Reason
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           Practice
           of
           all
           Nations
           that
           have
           Planted
           Colonies
           .
           As
           to
           the
           Undertakers
           ,
           the
           least
           Compassion
           possible
           is
           due
           to
           them
           ,
           because
           (
           as
           they
           are
           thought
           to
           be
           English-men
           )
           they
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           designed
           their
           own
           Interest
           ,
           so
           much
           to
           the
           detriment
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           they
           may
           find
           out
           ways
           enough
           to
           employ
           their
           Stocks
           ,
           without
           iniuring
           the
           Publick
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           
             That
             't
             is
             the
             Interest
             of
          
           England
           
             to
             Encourage
             the
             increase
             of
             Riches
             in
          
           Ireland
           ,
           
             that
             it
             may
             be
             in
             the
             better
             Condition
             to
             contribute
             to
             its
             own
             Support
             upon
             any
             Exegencies
             ,
             and
             lessen
             the
             Charge
             of
          
           England
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           a
           very
           true
           Argument
           ,
           and
           will
           run
           on
           all
           four
           when
           rightly
           apply'd
           ;
           but
           there
           is
           an
           unhappy
           Distinction
           that
           makes
           it
           downright
           Lame
           in
           this
           Case
           ;
           for
           there
           is
           a
           vast
           Difference
           between
           
           Ireland's
           gaining
           wealth
           ,
           by
           any
           way
           of
           Industry
           peculiar
           to
           themselves
           and
           inoffensive
           to
           England
           ;
           and
           their
           incroaching
           upon
           that
           Trade
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           only
           way
           by
           which
           England
           can
           attract
           Riches
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           plain
           that
           all
           they
           shall
           gain
           thereby
           ,
           will
           be
           a
           clear
           Loss
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           that
           't
           were
           better
           for
           us
           to
           Maintain
           them
           in
           sitting
           still
           ,
           than
           to
           suffer
           them
           to
           work
           in
           such
           a
           way
           as
           must
           nndo
           us
           .
           This
           would
           disable
           us
           to
           give
           them
           the
           necessary
           Succours
           in
           time
           of
           need
           ,
           and
           they
           would
           hereby
           cut
           the
           Prop
           that
           Supports
           them
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           
             That
             by
             putting
             down
             this
             Manufactury
             ,
             the
             Poor
             of
          
           Ireland
           
             will
             be
             Destitute
             of
             Work
             ,
             many
             Familys
             would
             be
          
           
           
             Ruined
             ,
             and
             an
             unreasonable
             Hardship
             put
             upon
             a
             Counsry
             ,
             but
             just
             recovering
             it self
             after
             a
             Destructive
             War.
             
          
        
         
           'T
           is
           Answer
           enough
           ,
           since
           this
           is
           but
           the
           Beginning
           of
           a
           new
           Business
           ,
           to
           ask
           how
           they
           lived
           before
           ?
           But
           't
           is
           certain
           ,
           that
           the
           Poor
           of
           Ireland
           do
           subsist
           very
           easily
           :
           Lands
           are
           very
           Cheap
           (
           perhaps
           not
           one
           *
           eighth
           part
           of
           the
           Value
           of
           ours
           ,
           generally
           speaking
           )
           and
           Provisions
           of
           all
           Kinds
           in
           great
           plenty
           .
           A
           Cow
           or
           two
           of
           ten
           Shillings
           Price
           ,
           and
           a
           Potatoe
           Garden
           ,
           will
           Support
           a
           Family
           ,
           meaning
           of
           such
           as
           are
           next
           to
           Poverty
           ;
           but
           he
           that
           can
           Rent
           ten
           Pound
           
             Per
             Annum
          
           ,
           may
           keep
           two
           Dishes
           of
           Meat
           at
           his
           Table
           the
           Year
           round
           ;
           so
           that
           no
           Body
           can
           want
           a
           livelyhood
           there
           ,
           that
           will
           but
           exert
           the
           least
           Industry
           ;
           whereas
           in
           England
           ,
           the
           Working
           People
           are
           very
           numerous
           ,
           Land
           and
           Provisions
           extreamly
           dearer
           :
           Many
           thousands
           Depend
           wholy
           on
           the
           Manufacturies
           ,
           and
           cannot
           live
           of
           themselves
           when
           they
           are
           not
           employ'd
           .
           This
           Manufactury
           ,
           (
           meaning
           that
           for
           Transportation
           )
           is
           yet
           but
           growing
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           few
           Hands
           (
           in
           Comparison
           to
           the
           multitude
           that
           live
           by
           it
           in
           England
           )
           are
           yet
           employed
           in
           it
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           Disappointment
           cannot
           at
           this
           time
           be
           great
           to
           them
           ;
           but
           if
           we
           should
           Suffer
           it
           to
           continue
           longer
           ,
           the
           great
           Encouragement
           will
           make
           it
           grow
           so
           considerably
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           effects
           will
           soon
           become
           so
           visible
           in
           England
           ,
           that
           necessity
           will
           compel
           us
           to
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           Hardship
           will
           seem
           so
           much
           the
           more
           to
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           ;
           by
           how
           much
           the
           greater
           numbers
           have
           brought
           themselves
           to
           Depend
           upon
           that
           way
           of
           Living
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           indeed
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           have
           endured
           great
           Hardships
           by
           the
           War
           ;
           but
           't
           is
           as
           certain
           ,
           that
           
           they
           have
           been
           reestablisht
           in
           the
           quiet
           enjoyment
           of
           their
           Lands
           and
           Possessions
           ,
           at
           a
           great
           Expence
           of
           the
           Blood
           and
           Treasure
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           I
           believe
           ,
           if
           those
           very
           Gentlemen
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           are
           now
           so
           zealous
           in
           solliciting
           against
           this
           Bill
           ,
           had
           been
           told
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           under
           the
           extremity
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           that
           there
           would
           be
           a
           necessity
           upon
           us
           ,
           for
           the
           securing
           that
           Trade
           from
           whence
           we
           deriv'd
           our
           principal
           Subsistence
           ,
           and
           the
           Capacity
           to
           help
           them
           in
           time
           of
           need
           ,
           to
           Prohibit
           their
           Interfereing
           with
           us
           in
           our
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           ;
           they
           would
           then
           have
           assented
           to
           the
           reasonableness
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           a
           Respect
           justly
           due
           to
           their
           Protectors
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           
             That
             the
             quantities
             they
             make
             are
             so
             inconsiderable
             ,
             as
             that
             it
             cannot
             hurt
          
           England
           ;
           
             that
             there
             is
             no
             Probability
             of
             their
             increasing
             the
             Trade
             to
             any
             great
             Degree
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Workmanship
             there
             is
             so
             dear
             ,
             as
             that
             they
             cannot
             make
             their
             Goods
             much
             cheaper
             there
             than
             in
          
           England
           .
        
         
           Every
           one
           knows
           that
           the
           greatest
           Undertakings
           proceed
           from
           small
           Beginnings
           ,
           but
           that
           when
           the
           first
           Difficulties
           are
           overcome
           they
           easily
           go
           on
           ,
           and
           increase
           in
           a
           much
           greater
           Proportion
           than
           the
           first
           appearance
           .
           Before
           the
           War
           ,
           they
           came
           in
           four
           Years
           ,
           to
           export
           in
           the
           last
           Year
           11360
           pieces
           ,
           and
           since
           the
           Reduction
           of
           Ireland
           they
           are
           in
           four
           Years
           come
           to
           above
           4000
           pieces
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Hindrances
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           and
           it
           may
           be
           remarkt
           ,
           that
           they
           advanced
           from
           2000
           and
           upward
           in
           the
           Year
           1695.
           to
           above
           4000
           in
           1696.
           
           Thus
           much
           they
           acknowledge
           ;
           and
           these
           are
           not
           short
           Steps
           .
           They
           can
           never
           want
           a
           ready
           Sale
           for
           all
           they
           can
           make
           ,
           because
           they
           Sell
           cheaper
           than
           we
           ;
           Plenty
           of
           Work
           will
           attract
           Plenty
           of
           Workmen
           ,
           these
           will
           take
           as
           many
           Apprentices
           as
           they
           can
           Employ
           ;
           in
           seven
           Years
           the
           Apprentices
           will
           become
           Masters
           ,
           and
           in
           three
           Years
           more
           even
           their
           Apprentices
           will
           become
           able
           Workmen
           ;
           who
           can
           doubt
           but
           by
           that
           time
           (
           or
           a
           little
           longer
           )
           their
           increase
           (
           with
           those
           also
           that
           come
           to
           them
           from
           England
           )
           will
           be
           enough
           to
           Manufacture
           all
           the
           Woolls
           
           of
           Ireland
           .
           But
           I
           'll
           suppose
           for
           Argument
           sake
           ,
           that
           they
           make
           but
           to
           the
           value
           of
           One
           Hundred
           Thousand
           Pounds
           yearly
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           would
           not
           Sell
           for
           more
           than
           Ten
           Pounds
           
             Per
             Cent.
          
           cheaper
           rhan
           England
           usually
           doth
           :
           Supposing
           also
           ,
           that
           England
           sends
           abroad
           the
           value
           but
           of
           one
           Million
           yearly
           ,
           of
           Goods
           of
           the
           like
           Kinde
           ;
           't
           will
           be
           easily
           granted
           me
           ,
           that
           if
           any
           one
           Offers
           his
           Goods
           cheaper
           than
           the
           usual
           Price
           ,
           that
           will
           then
           become
           the
           Market-Price
           ,
           and
           every
           one
           else
           must
           Sell
           at
           the
           same
           or
           Keep
           his
           Goods
           :
           By
           this
           't
           is
           plain
           ,
           that
           England
           must
           abate
           100000
           l.
           out
           of
           the
           the
           former
           value
           of
           her
           Million
           ,
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           
           Ireland's
           100000
           l.
           and
           then
           she
           looses
           another
           100000
           l.
           by
           
           Ireland's
           taking
           that
           Money
           in
           the
           Markets
           ,
           which
           England
           should
           otherwise
           solely
           Furnish
           :
           So
           that
           't
           is
           clear
           from
           this
           Consideration
           ,
           if
           no
           more
           were
           to
           be
           said
           to
           it
           ;
           That
           't
           were
           more
           advantagious
           to
           England
           by
           the
           one
           half
           ,
           to
           Buy
           these
           Goods
           and
           Throw
           them
           into
           the
           Sea
           ,
           than
           to
           Suffer
           Ireland
           to
           Sell
           cheaper
           than
           we
           can
           in
           Forreign
           Markets
           .
           But
           the
           arguing
           ,
           that
           Weaving
           and
           some
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           Workmanship
           is
           as
           dear
           as
           in
           England
           ,
           is
           a
           perfect
           Fallacy
           ;
           for
           besides
           that
           ,
           they
           only
           Suggest
           it
           without
           Proof
           ,
           yet
           if
           it
           were
           so
           at
           the
           first
           attempting
           such
           a
           Manufactury
           ,
           that
           could
           only
           be
           occasioned
           through
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Workmen
           ,
           but
           would
           every
           Year
           grow
           cheaper
           as
           those
           Workmen
           should
           encrease
           ,
           and
           enough
           is
           said
           above
           ,
           to
           shew
           that
           that
           will
           be
           the
           Infallible
           Consequences
           of
           an
           Encouraging
           Trade
           ;
           and
           since
           I
           may
           modestly
           affirm
           that
           Provisions
           are
           not
           (
           generally
           speaking
           )
           at
           above
           half
           the
           Price
           there
           ,
           to
           what
           they
           are
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           labour
           holding
           always
           in
           Proportion
           thereto
           ,
           't
           is
           not
           unreasonable
           to
           expect
           that
           they
           will
           in
           time
           come
           to
           work
           at
           least
           one
           third
           cheaper
           than
           we
           can
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           should
           make
           as
           much
           as
           they
           can
           then
           
           Sell
           for
           200000
           l
           ,
           that
           will
           be
           equal
           in
           Quantity
           to
           our
           300000
           l.
           and
           abate
           so
           much
           out
           of
           the
           Sale
           of
           our
           Million
           ,
           and
           then
           by
           the
           Fall
           in
           Price
           ,
           the
           remaining
           700000
           l.
           would
           yield
           but
           466666⅔
           l.
           So
           that
           't
           is
           plain
           ,
           that
           if
           Ireland
           gains
           Riches
           by
           this
           Trade
           ,
           't
           will
           be
           at
           the
           Expence
           of
           impoverishing
           England
           .
           I
           cannot
           but
           Remark
           here
           ,
           that
           the
           main
           Body
           of
           the
           Sollicitors
           against
           this
           Bill
           ,
           consisted
           in
           Gentlemen
           ,
           Possessors
           of
           Lands
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           who
           though
           they
           may
           be
           excused
           from
           having
           any
           nice
           Understanding
           in
           a
           matter
           of
           Trade
           (
           as
           this
           properly
           is
           )
           yet
           it
           seems
           they
           have
           easily
           learnt
           ,
           that
           the
           flourishing
           of
           their
           new
           Manufactury
           ,
           would
           cause
           the
           Lands
           of
           Ireland
           to
           rise
           ,
           to
           which
           without
           Doubt
           ,
           't
           is
           their
           Interest
           to
           have
           more
           reguard
           ,
           than
           to
           the
           keeping
           up
           the
           value
           of
           the
           Lands
           of
           England
           ,
           which
           by
           this
           Method
           of
           inticeing
           away
           its
           Mouths
           ,
           would
           certainly
           Fall
           in
           value
           as
           fast
           as
           those
           in
           Ireland
           should
           rise
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           
             That
             the
             high
             Duties
             payable
             upon
             all
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             brought
             into
          
           England
           ,
           
             amount
             to
             a
             prohibition
             of
             the
          
           Irish
           ;
           
             and
             that
             if
             it
             were
             intended
             that
             theirs
             should
             be
             brought
             hither
             ,
             the
             Dutises
             ought
             to
             be
             moderated
             so
             ,
             as
             to
             bear
             but
             a
             just
             proportion
             to
             what
             they
             can
             work
             cheaper
             .
          
        
         
           I
           will
           be
           so
           free
           as
           to
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           I
           beleive
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           intended
           no
           less
           by
           this
           Bill
           ,
           than
           the
           suppressing
           all
           Exporation
           of
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           from
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           the
           utter
           discouraging
           the
           Progress
           of
           that
           Trade
           there
           ;
           but
           to
           lay
           such
           a
           Duty
           as
           might
           at
           present
           seem
           equal
           to
           the
           difference
           of
           Workmanship
           ,
           would
           utterly
           defeat
           that
           intent
           :
           For
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           noted
           before
           ,
           they
           may
           soon
           come
           to
           work
           so
           much
           lower
           than
           they
           now
           do
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           may
           be
           able
           to
           bring
           their
           Goods
           into
           England
           at
           so
           small
           a
           Duty
           ,
           and
           be
           encourag'd
           to
           keep
           on
           their
           Manufactury
           there
           ,
           which
           though
           by
           this
           means
           it
           may
           not
           so
           much
           prejudice
           our
           
           Forreign
           Trade
           ,
           by
           beating
           down
           the
           Prices
           ;
           yet
           it
           will
           have
           its
           full
           effect
           in
           taking
           away
           the
           Employment
           of
           our
           Manufacturers
           ,
           and
           drawing
           them
           into
           Ireland
           ;
           and
           ,
           as
           was
           truly
           said
           by
           their
           own
           Council
           ,
           would
           indeed
           lower
           the
           value
           of
           the
           Woollen
           Goods
           on
           the
           Makers
           here
           :
           Though
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           I
           think
           that
           could
           be
           no
           argument
           in
           their
           Favour
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           what
           assurance
           can
           we
           have
           ,
           but
           that
           if
           they
           are
           suffered
           to
           make
           such
           Goods
           there
           ,
           they
           may
           ship
           them
           for
           Forreign
           Parts
           by
           stealth
           ,
           without
           paying
           any
           Duty
           at
           all
           ?
           The
           Manufacture
           being
           of
           much
           less
           bulk
           than
           the
           Wools
           ,
           which
           they
           tell
           us
           plainly
           ,
           will
           be
           apt
           to
           be
           sent
           for
           France
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           debarr'd
           from
           working
           it
           up
           there
           ;
           though
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           that
           if
           our
           Legislature
           will
           exert
           its
           Power
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           smart
           enough
           with
           them
           to
           prevent
           both
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           
             That
             their
             Vndertaking
             doth
             not
             interfere
             with
             the
             main
             Branch
             of
             our
             Manufactuary
             ,
             the
             Cloathing-Trade
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             do
             yet
             continue
             to
             buy
             great
             Quantities
             of
             Cloth
             from
             us
             .
          
        
         
           This
           indeed
           is
           true
           at
           present
           ,
           but
           when
           they
           shall
           have
           considerably
           encreas'd
           the
           number
           of
           their
           Workmen
           ,
           and
           brought
           their
           People
           into
           the
           way
           of
           working
           their
           Wools
           ,
           who
           can
           doubt
           but
           that
           they
           will
           be
           at
           that
           also
           ?
           their
           Contest
           indeed
           now
           is
           only
           in
           relation
           to
           what
           we
           commonly
           call
           the
           New
           Drapery
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Bays
           ,
           Serges
           and
           Stuffs
           ,
           which
           makes
           up
           a
           mighty
           part
           of
           our
           Exportations
           ,
           and
           the
           Injury
           they
           will
           come
           to
           do
           us
           therein
           cannot
           be
           less
           than
           what
           I
           have
           before
           noted
           ;
           to
           which
           I
           might
           add
           ,
           that
           Ireland
           affords
           us
           great
           Quantities
           of
           that
           sort
           we
           call
           long
           Wool
           for
           Combing
           ,
           of
           which
           those
           Goods
           are
           made
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           shall
           work
           it
           up
           themselves
           ,
           the
           wanting
           of
           that
           Supply
           will
           be
           very
           sensible
           to
           us
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           the
           most
           mateaial
           Objections
           against
           the
           
           Bill
           that
           occur
           to
           my
           Memory
           ,
           and
           I
           hope
           I
           have
           fairly
           answer'd
           them
           :
           But
           that
           I
           may
           give
           a
           full
           View
           of
           the
           whole
           Controversie
           in
           its
           true
           shape
           ,
           I
           will
           (
           after
           the
           old
           way
           of
           arguing
           )
           represent
           it
           by
           a
           Simile
           .
        
         
           A
           good
           old
           Gentleman
           ,
           Possessor
           of
           great
           Tracts
           of
           Land
           abounding
           in
           plenty
           of
           all
           things
           fit
           for
           life
           ,
           but
           especially
           in
           the
           greatest
           Quantity
           of
           Sheep
           of
           any
           in
           his
           whole
           Country
           ,
           happily
           fell
           into
           the
           way
           of
           Manusacturing
           his
           Wools
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           became
           so
           successful
           as
           to
           be
           able
           to
           out
           do
           all
           other
           People
           ,
           and
           furnish
           all
           his
           Neighbours
           with
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           what
           they
           us'd
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           he
           was
           not
           only
           capacitated
           to
           support
           a
           very
           numerous
           Family
           ,
           but
           also
           attracted
           to
           himself
           great
           Riches
           ,
           and
           became
           equal
           in
           Power
           to
           most
           of
           his
           Neighbours
           ;
           he
           had
           setled
           his
           eldest
           Son
           in
           a
           very
           considerable
           part
           of
           his
           Estate
           at
           a
           distance
           from
           him
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           formerly
           gain'd
           by
           Conquest
           ,
           giving
           him
           the
           full
           Liberty
           of
           enjoying
           all
           the
           Product
           of
           an
           abundant
           Soyl
           ,
           only
           reserving
           this
           advantage
           to
           himself
           ,
           that
           what
           Wool
           the
           Son
           should
           have
           to
           spare
           above
           the
           Quantity
           which
           he
           should
           need
           for
           the
           cloathing
           his
           own
           Family
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           oblig'd
           to
           sell
           to
           the
           Father
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           any
           other
           Person
           ,
           because
           that
           would
           extreamly
           injure
           him
           in
           his
           Woollen
           Manufactury
           Business
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           main
           Support
           of
           his
           Estate
           .
           The
           Son
           liv'd
           plentifully
           ,
           and
           flourisht
           greatly
           ,
           only
           the
           ancient
           Possessors
           of
           the
           Estate
           (
           who
           were
           a
           very
           numerous
           Family
           )
           being
           compell'd
           by
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Father
           to
           live
           in
           subjection
           under
           him
           ,
           were
           apt
           to
           take
           frequent
           occasions
           to
           give
           him
           great
           disturbance
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           numbers
           sometimes
           prevail'd
           against
           him
           ;
           yet
           he
           was
           always
           readily
           assisted
           by
           the
           Father
           ,
           who
           never
           fail'd
           by
           the
           strength
           of
           his
           Purse
           and
           Power
           ,
           to
           subdue
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           to
           resettle
           him
           in
           the
           quiet
           Enjoyment
           of
           his
           Estate
           .
           The
           last
           Insurrection
           they
           made
           
           was
           by
           far
           the
           greatest
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           assisted
           by
           a
           very
           potent
           Neighbour
           ,
           and
           it
           cost
           the
           Father
           a
           mighty
           Sum
           to
           quell
           it
           .
           But
           the
           Son
           was
           no
           sooner
           settled
           in
           quiet
           ,
           but
           he
           sets
           his
           People
           to
           work
           upon
           making
           the
           same
           kinds
           of
           Woollen
           Manufacturies
           which
           was
           the
           Father's
           Trade
           ,
           and
           sends
           them
           to
           the
           same
           Markets
           for
           Sale
           ;
           the
           Father
           is
           justly
           offended
           at
           this
           ,
           and
           foreseeing
           the
           great
           Injury
           which
           the
           Son
           's
           going
           on
           in
           such
           a
           Trade
           would
           prove
           to
           him
           ,
           resolves
           to
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           it
           ;
           the
           Son
           complains
           mightily
           against
           this
           ;
           alledging
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           unreasonable
           to
           deprive
           him
           of
           such
           means
           to
           enrich
           himself
           ,
           and
           that
           if
           he
           be
           denied
           this
           way
           ,
           't
           would
           become
           a
           Temptation
           to
           his
           Tenants
           and
           People
           to
           sell
           the
           Wools
           to
           others
           ;
           upon
           which
           the
           Father
           bespeaks
           him
           after
           this
           manner
           ,
           Son
           ,
           Thou
           knowest
           well
           that
           my
           Charge
           and
           Expence
           is
           very
           great
           ,
           having
           many
           other
           Children
           to
           provide
           for
           besides
           thy self
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           hath
           cost
           me
           vast
           Summs
           to
           protect
           thee
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           the
           Estate
           which
           I
           have
           given
           thee
           ,
           which
           is
           sufficient
           to
           give
           thee
           a
           very
           abundant
           Subsistence
           without
           thy
           interfering
           with
           me
           in
           my
           peculiar
           Trade
           ,
           which
           thou
           seest
           is
           the
           only
           way
           I
           have
           to
           gain
           Wealth
           ,
           and
           to
           enable
           me
           to
           support
           all
           my
           Children
           ,
           of
           which
           thou
           hast
           always
           been
           the
           most
           chargeable
           to
           me
           ,
           and
           yet
           thou
           hast
           often
           been
           ready
           to
           make
           use
           of
           the
           advantages
           which
           thy
           profitable
           Portion
           hath
           given
           thee
           to
           encroach
           upon
           me
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           my
           Woollen
           ,
           but
           also
           in
           some
           other
           parts
           of
           my
           Trade
           ,
           which
           I
           could
           not
           spare
           thee
           ;
           and
           therefore
           if
           thou
           wilt
           not
           have
           a
           due
           Sence
           of
           my
           Interest
           ,
           and
           consider
           how
           much
           thy
           own
           is
           concern'd
           in
           it
           ,
           assure
           thy self
           that
           I
           will
           take
           that
           care
           of
           my
           own
           Affairs
           ,
           as
           to
           use
           my
           paternal
           Power
           to
           restrain
           thee
           in
           all
           such
           matters
           of
           Trade
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           find
           inconsistent
           with
           my
           well-being
           .
           And
           although
           I
           shall
           
           always
           be
           willing
           to
           encourage
           thee
           in
           any
           thing
           that
           tends
           not
           to
           my
           own
           hurt
           ;
           yet
           if
           thou
           shalt
           not
           desist
           from
           sending
           thy
           Woollen
           Goods
           to
           the
           Markets
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           of
           long
           time
           been
           us'd
           to
           furnish
           ,
           I
           will
           by
           my
           Authority
           take
           from
           thee
           all
           thy
           Woool
           combers
           ,
           and
           prohibit
           that
           any
           such
           Trade
           shall
           be
           exercis'd
           in
           thy
           Family
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           thereby
           to
           incapacitate
           thee
           from
           making
           those
           Commodities
           ,
           with
           which
           thou
           canst
           do
           me
           so
           much
           hurt
           :
           And
           if
           thou
           shalt
           not
           be
           careful
           to
           keep
           thy
           People
           from
           selling
           their
           Wool
           to
           Strangers
           ,
           I
           will
           send
           Officers
           to
           keep
           an
           Exact
           Registry
           of
           all
           thy
           Sheep
           ,
           and
           secure
           thy
           Wool
           in
           Ware-houses
           as
           it
           is
           shorn
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           not
           be
           in
           thy
           Power
           to
           deal
           fradulently
           by
           me
           in
           an
           Affair
           which
           so
           nearly
           concerns
           me
           .
        
         
           I
           am
           yet
           no
           Enemy
           to
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           wish
           them
           all
           the
           Prosperity
           that
           can
           Consist
           with
           the
           Well
           Being
           of
           England
           :
           I
           own
           't
           is
           our
           Interest
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           grow
           Rich
           ,
           but
           not
           by
           such
           Means
           as
           will
           sooner
           Impoverish
           us
           than
           Advance
           them
           .
           I
           believe
           it
           would
           be
           a
           useful
           Policy
           ,
           and
           worth
           the
           Care
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           Promote
           any
           such
           Manufacturies
           in
           Ireland
           as
           may
           not
           Jar
           with
           ours
           ,
           whereby
           the
           People
           there
           may
           not
           only
           Gain
           Wealth
           ,
           but
           even
           the
           multitude
           of
           Irish
           be
           drawn
           into
           a
           more
           civilized
           way
           of
           Liveing
           ,
           which
           would
           tame
           them
           faster
           than
           any
           Severities
           we
           can
           use
           ;
           for
           a
           People
           brought
           into
           a
           settled
           and
           profitable
           way
           of
           Living
           ,
           would
           soon
           come
           to
           a
           better
           Understanding
           ,
           than
           to
           be
           apt
           to
           quit
           their
           Ease
           and
           Profit
           at
           every
           Call
           of
           the
           Turblent
           Gentry
           and
           their
           Priests
           .
           The
           Country
           is
           every
           way
           sit
           for
           a
           Linnen
           Manufactury
           ,
           and
           wants
           nothing
           but
           a
           Stock
           to
           establish
           it
           :
           Private
           Undertakers
           are
           commonly
           too
           weak
           to
           strugle
           with
           the
           Difficulties
           that
           attend
           the
           Beginnings
           of
           great
           Undertakings
           ,
           but
           the
           
           mighty
           Publick
           would
           easily
           go
           through
           with
           it
           :
           It
           would
           be
           Money
           well
           employed
           ,
           if
           the
           Government
           of
           England
           lent
           them
           100,000
           l.
           to
           establish
           it
           ,
           and
           though
           we
           may
           not
           be
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           do
           it
           at
           present
           ,
           yet
           I
           hope
           such
           a
           thought
           may
           not
           be
           forgotten
           when
           we
           can
           better
           spare
           it
           .
           The
           Objection
           ,
           that
           our
           Neighbour
           Nations
           of
           whom
           we
           now
           buy
           our
           Linnen
           would
           be
           offended
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           refuse
           to
           take
           our
           Manufactures
           ,
           I
           take
           to
           be
           a
           wrong
           Notion
           :
           The
           Alterations
           and
           Charges
           of
           Trade
           are
           not
           uncommon
           ,
           and
           move
           by
           degrees
           not
           soon
           to
           be
           observ'd
           :
           If
           we
           again
           buy
           Linnen
           in
           France
           as
           before
           the
           War
           ,
           Germany
           must
           take
           less
           of
           our
           Money
           ,
           yet
           ,
           as
           many
           other
           Nations
           deal
           with
           them
           for
           it
           ,
           their
           Trade
           will
           go
           on
           ,
           and
           the
           many
           distant
           Countries
           from
           whence
           't
           is
           brought
           to
           the
           Markets
           at
           Hamburgh
           and
           Bremen
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           sensible
           of
           some
           lessening
           of
           their
           Vent
           ,
           will
           scarce
           reflect
           directly
           upon
           the
           Cause
           ,
           or
           if
           they
           should
           ,
           such
           Resentments
           are
           not
           apt
           to
           be
           of
           any
           consequence
           ;
           the
           People
           must
           have
           Woollen
           Cloaths
           ,
           and
           no
           Body
           can
           furnish
           them
           with
           our
           sorts
           upon
           equal
           Terms
           with
           us
           ,
           if
           we
           do
           but
           manage
           our
           Trade
           as
           we
           are
           able
           ;
           and
           't
           is
           evident
           that
           People
           will
           not
           easily
           be
           diverted
           from
           what
           they
           have
           been
           us'd
           to
           and
           like
           ,
           witness
           our
           continuing
           in
           the
           full
           use
           of
           French
           Goods
           before
           the
           War
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           as
           it
           were
           prohibited
           ours
           .
           And
           though
           this
           Caution
           hath
           been
           often
           urg'd
           in
           Discourses
           of
           Trade
           ,
           yet
           I
           never
           knew
           one
           instance
           of
           any
           Nations
           being
           piqued
           at
           another
           to
           such
           a
           degree
           ,
           as
           to
           break
           off
           their
           Commerce
           ;
           though
           I
           have
           known
           several
           instances
           of
           such
           Occasions
           given
           .
           Some
           prevailing
           reguard
           ,
           either
           to
           the
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Customs
           ,
           the
           Profit
           of
           the
           Merchants
           ,
           or
           the
           like
           ,
           is
           always
           had
           ;
           so
           that
           Governments
           seem
           to
           be
           steer'd
           by
           this
           Principle
           ,
           That
           if
           they
           cannot
           Vend
           in
           Trade
           as
           much
           as
           they
           would
           ,
           they
           will
           yet
           continue
           to
           sell
           what
           they
           can
           ,
           and
           
           acquiesce
           with
           the
           Shop-keepers
           Rule
           ,
           That
           Custom
           is
           no
           Inheritance
           ,
           if
           they
           loose
           one
           Chap
           man
           ,
           they
           get
           another
           ,
           and
           measure
           not
           their
           Trade
           by
           Particulars
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           general
           .
           I
           have
           enlarg'd
           upon
           this
           point
           even
           to
           a
           Digression
           ,
           because
           I
           was
           willing
           to
           take
           this
           Opportunity
           to
           offer
           my
           Sentiments
           upon
           it
           ,
           for
           that
           I
           have
           upon
           divers
           occasions
           thought
           that
           Argument
           to
           have
           been
           us'd
           rather
           to
           serve
           a
           turn
           ,
           than
           for
           any
           real
           Weight
           there
           was
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           I
           think
           we
           ough●
           not
           to
           have
           any
           consideration
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           taking
           the
           measures
           which
           seem
           otherwise
           to
           be
           convenient
           for
           us
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
          
           ,
        
         
           Your
           Lordship
           's
           extraordinary
           Understanding
           in
           the
           right
           Notions
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           ,
           your
           Readiness
           at
           all
           times
           to
           espouse
           its
           Interest
           ,
           and
           the
           Condescentions
           which
           you
           have
           upon
           some
           former
           Occasions
           shewn
           ,
           in
           deigning
           to
           receive
           Information
           in
           things
           of
           this
           nature
           from
           a
           Person
           as
           inconsiderable
           as
           I
           am
           ,
           hath
           given
           me
           the
           Confidence
           to
           suggest
           my
           Thoughts
           in
           this
           important
           Business
           to
           your
           Lordship
           ,
           and
           I
           assure
           my self
           that
           your
           Lordship
           will
           have
           so
           much
           regard
           to
           the
           Sincerity
           of
           my
           Intentions
           ,
           as
           to
           excuse
           the
           Imperfections
           of
           the
           Performance
           ,
           and
           pardon
           the
           Boldness
           of
           this
           Address
           ,
           from
        
         
           
             My
             LORD
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Lordships
             most
             Obedient
             ,
             Humble
             Servant
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           REMARKS
           Upon
           a
           BOOK
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             Some
             Thoughts
             on
             the
             BILL
             depending
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           I
           Had
           written
           the
           foregoing
           Papers
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           coming
           to
           Town
           to
           put
           them
           in
           the
           Press
           ,
           I
           met
           with
           a
           Book
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             Some
             Thoughts
             on
             a
             Bill
             depending
             before
             the
             Honourable
             House
             of
             Lords
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           And
           although
           I
           am
           cut
           short
           in
           time
           ,
           yet
           I
           will
           bestow
           a
           few
           Remarks
           upon
           it
           ;
           notwithstanding
           that
           I
           think
           the
           main
           points
           in
           Controversie
           ,
           are
           sufficiently
           argu'd
           in
           the
           fore-going
           Discourse
           .
           I
           will
           acknowledge
           that
           the
           Author
           hath
           a
           pretty
           insinuating
           way
           of
           Writing
           and
           a
           good
           turn
           of
           Thought
           ,
           but
           his
           Skill
           seems
           ill
           bestow'd
           upon
           so
           wrong
           a
           Subject
           ,
           it
           looks
           like
           fine
           drawing
           upon
           a
           Thred-bare
           Coat
           ,
           the
           Wool
           is
           worn
           off
           and
           the
           Rent
           won't
           be
           covered
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           of
           Ireland
           spend
           good
           part
           of
           their
           Estates
           in
           England
           t
           is
           their
           own
           choice
           ,
           and
           the
           Product
           of
           their
           Butter
           ,
           Leather
           ,
           Raw-hides
           ,
           Tallow
           ,
           &c.
           which
           they
           send
           to
           the
           Neighbouring
           Countries
           of
           Europe
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           vast
           Quantities
           of
           Provisions
           sent
           to
           the
           Plantations
           ,
           their
           Wool
           ,
           Flax
           ,
           Skins
           ,
           &c.
           to
           England
           is
           sufficient
           ,
           to
           bear
           that
           Expence
           ,
           and
           moreover
           to
           pay
           for
           all
           the
           mighty
           value
           of
           Commodities
           which
           he
           says
           they
           buy
           from
           us
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           largely
           prov'd
           by
           the
           current
           of
           Exchange
           between
           us
           ,
           a
           Guinea
           passes
           
           there
           for
           26
           s.
           which
           is
           near
           20
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           difference
           in
           the
           par
           of
           the
           Money
           ;
           but
           as
           the
           Proemio
           of
           the
           Exchange
           hath
           of
           late
           been
           under
           ,
           that
           shews
           that
           the
           Ballance
           of
           the
           Trade
           must
           be
           in
           their
           Favour
           .
           If
           much
           of
           their
           Trade
           be
           carried
           on
           by
           English
           Stocks
           ,
           yet
           the
           People
           are
           paid
           for
           their
           Commodities
           ,
           and
           the
           Profit
           they
           receive
           thereby
           may
           be
           Encouragement
           enough
           for
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           can
           be
           content
           when
           they
           are
           well
           .
        
         
           His
           Computation
           of
           the
           great
           profit
           they
           are
           to
           England
           ,
           is
           at
           random
           ,
           do
           we
           not
           deserve
           the
           utmost
           profit
           they
           can
           yield
           ?
           and
           all
           too
           little
           in
           consideration
           of
           the
           vast
           charge
           we
           have
           been
           at
           to
           protect
           them
           in
           the
           possession
           of
           such
           mighty
           Landed
           Estates
           which
           they
           enjoy
           .
        
         
           God
           be
           thanked
           ,
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Ireland
           is
           ●●●petently
           replenisht
           with
           English
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           again
           in
           a
           flourishing
           Condition
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           Desolations
           of
           the
           late
           War
           ;
           but
           to
           perswade
           us
           to
           encourage
           the
           sending
           of
           more
           numbers
           of
           People
           thither
           than
           we
           can
           well
           spare
           ,
           will
           scarce
           take
           with
           us
           ;
           for
           if
           their
           Strengthning
           that
           Country
           would
           be
           of
           advantage
           to
           them
           ,
           their
           remaining
           here
           is
           much
           more
           so
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           't
           is
           better
           for
           us
           to
           have
           People
           to
           spare
           to
           send
           to
           their
           Assistance
           upon
           Occasion
           ,
           than
           for
           us
           to
           need
           help
           from
           them
           .
           As
           for
           their
           leaving
           the
           Country
           ,
           if
           we
           shall
           lay
           difficulties
           upon
           them
           ,
           (
           as
           he
           calls
           it
           )
           or
           of
           their
           joining
           with
           any
           other
           Interest
           than
           that
           of
           England
           ;
           how
           extravagant
           is
           it
           to
           imagine
           ,
           that
           those
           People
           should
           be
           so
           easily
           picqu'd
           into
           a
           leaving
           their
           Settlements
           there
           ?
           when
           't
           is
           certain
           that
           he
           that
           hath
           100
           l.
           
             per
             Annum
          
           there
           ,
           can
           live
           more
           plentifully
           than
           upon
           500
           l.
           
             per
             Annum
          
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           yet
           his
           100
           l.
           
             per
             Annum
          
           would
           yield
           him
           but
           1000
           l.
           in
           Money
           ,
           and
           that
           will
           buy
           him
           but
           50
           l.
           
             per
             Annum
          
           in
           England
           ,
           a
           fine
           Exchange
           :
           Such
           
           another
           't
           would
           be
           ,
           to
           quit
           the
           Government
           of
           England
           to
           put
           themselves
           under
           that
           of
           France
           ,
           (
           for
           no
           Body
           else
           can
           protect
           them
           )
           .
           But
           these
           Thoughts
           are
           abominable
           ,
           and
           the
           insinuation
           is
           a
           Crime
           against
           ,
           and
           a
           most
           unreasonably
           Reflection
           upon
           the
           worthy
           English
           Gentlemen
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           for
           whom
           't
           would
           be
           impossible
           to
           degenerate
           into
           so
           much
           Irish
           Understanding
           ,
           and
           so
           little
           love
           to
           their
           Mother
           Country
           :
           But
           't
           is
           a
           sufficient
           indication
           of
           a
           hard
           cause
           when
           Men
           are
           put
           to
           their
           Shifts
           for
           Arguments
           ,
           and
           forc't
           to
           hall
           them
           in
           by
           the
           Neck
           and
           Shoulders
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           this
           Gentleman's
           case
           in
           almost
           all
           he
           hath
           us'd
           .
        
         
           They
           are
           not
           contending
           for
           Power
           or
           great
           Riches
           ,
           they
           neither
           trade
           to
           
             East
             Indies
             ,
             Turky
          
           or
           Africa
           ,
           they
           have
           neither
           
             Hamborough
             ,
             Hudsons
             Bay
             ,
             Greenland
          
           or
           Russia
           Company
           ;
           very
           fine
           ,
           and
           have
           not
           the
           Subjects
           of
           England
           been
           debarr'd
           from
           the
           same
           Trades
           ,
           except
           they
           would
           buy
           Stocks
           in
           the
           Companies
           ?
           and
           might
           not
           the
           People
           of
           Ireland
           if
           they
           had
           Money
           to
           spare
           ,
           come
           in
           upon
           the
           same
           Terms
           ?
           Let
           them
           say
           no
           more
           of
           this
           ,
           their
           Merchants
           are
           no
           way
           restrain'd
           more
           than
           the
           People
           of
           England
           ,
           they
           may
           send
           Ships
           from
           thence
           to
           all
           parts
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           or
           concern
           themselves
           in
           any
           Adventures
           in
           Trade
           with
           as
           much
           freedom
           as
           our selves
           ,
           they
           cannot
           indeed
           bring
           some
           kinds
           of
           Merchandize
           directly
           for
           Ireland
           no
           more
           can
           we
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           no
           Fleets
           or
           Plantations
           :
           What
           Colonys
           ever
           had
           ?
           What
           an
           Exclamation
           follows
           next
           ?
           as
           if
           they
           were
           forbid
           the
           Benefit
           of
           Earth
           and
           Air
           ,
           and
           the
           Libertys
           allow'd
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Nature
           ,
           which
           have
           never
           been
           denyed
           by
           the
           greatest
           Conquerors
           :
           Do
           they
           not
           freely
           enjoy
           Earth
           and
           Air
           ?
           have
           th●●
           not
           liberty
           to
           send
           abroad
           their
           Native
           Commodities
           ?
           May
           they
           not
           Manufacture
           what
           they
           have
           Occasion
           for
           of
           their
           own
           Product
           ?
           yet
           because
           they
           must
           not
           bring
           their
           
           Cattel
           or
           Provisions
           to
           England
           ,
           (
           though
           they
           may
           send
           as
           much
           as
           they
           can
           spare
           to
           our
           Plantations
           )
           and
           undersell
           the
           Staple
           Commodities
           of
           England
           in
           Forreign
           Markets
           ,
           they
           are
           undone
           .
           'T
           is
           evident
           that
           England
           hath
           been
           sufficiently
           put
           to
           it
           to
           support
           her
           Government
           ,
           and
           not
           Withstanding
           all
           the
           Advantages
           she
           can
           raise
           by
           her
           Trade
           and
           otherwise
           ,
           she
           is
           involv'd
           in
           a
           very
           great
           Debt
           ;
           and
           for
           her
           to
           suffer
           Ireland
           to
           ruine
           the
           Trade
           of
           her
           Manufactures
           ,
           would
           indeed
           be
           the
           ready
           way
           to
           undoe
           her
           .
        
         
           His
           distinction
           of
           Colonies
           for
           Trade
           and
           Colonies
           for
           Empire
           ,
           is
           contriv'd
           on
           purpose
           to
           fit
           Ireland
           ;
           but
           by
           his
           good
           leave
           ,
           are
           not
           all
           Colonies
           upon
           the
           same
           foot
           of
           keeping
           the
           Natives
           in
           Subjection
           ,
           where
           there
           are
           any
           under
           their
           Jurisdiction
           ?
           to
           say
           nothing
           of
           ours
           on
           the
           Continent
           of
           America
           ,
           where
           altho'
           we
           treat
           the
           Indians
           more
           civilly
           than
           as
           a
           conquer'd
           People
           ,
           yet
           there
           's
           reason
           enough
           to
           say
           that
           we
           are
           oblig'd
           to
           keep
           them
           in
           Subjection
           ;
           the
           Dutch
           have
           many
           Colonies
           in
           India
           ,
           where
           they
           keep
           the
           Incolae
           in
           Subjection
           ,
           and
           yet
           they
           don't
           give
           them
           Liberty
           to
           send
           their
           Spices
           and
           other
           natural
           Product
           to
           what
           Markets
           they
           please
           ,
           but
           they
           do
           restrain
           their
           whole
           Trade
           to
           their
           Mother
           Country
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           they
           ,
           but
           all
           other
           Countries
           that
           have
           had
           Colonies
           (
           since
           the
           Encrease
           and
           Understanding
           of
           Trade
           )
           do
           (
           as
           far
           as
           I
           have
           ever
           heard
           )
           in
           Fact
           contradict
           this
           Assertion
           of
           his
           ,
           and
           I
           beleive
           Ireland
           hath
           the
           greatest
           Liberty
           in
           that
           respect
           of
           any
           Colony
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           He
           insinuates
           ,
           that
           if
           Ireland
           should
           be
           debarr'd
           from
           making
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           ,
           yet
           England
           must
           not
           expect
           to
           reap
           the
           whole
           Benefit
           ,
           
             Holland
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             Venice
             ,
             Germany
          
           and
           France
           ,
           pretend
           also
           to
           the
           Woollen
           Manufacture
           and
           will
           vye
           with
           us
           .
           I
           say
           these
           Countries
           do
           not
           interfere
           with
           us
           any
           thing
           considerably
           in
           the
           
           greatest
           part
           of
           our
           sorts
           of
           Goods
           ,
           and
           if
           we
           do
           but
           come
           to
           so
           good
           a
           management
           of
           our
           Trade
           as
           we
           are
           capable
           ,
           we
           shall
           be
           able
           to
           maintain
           it
           beyond
           them
           ,
           and
           none
           but
           Ireland
           ,
           by
           her
           having
           Wools
           and
           Work
           cheaper
           ,
           can
           spoil
           us
           .
           But
           I
           wonder
           the
           Gentleman
           hath
           never
           heard
           of
           any
           Nations
           besides
           Spain
           and
           Portugal
           ,
           with
           whom
           Ireland
           hath
           dealt
           for
           Manufactures
           ;
           it
           seems
           as
           if
           neither
           himself
           ,
           nor
           those
           that
           instructed
           him
           ,
           were
           acquainted
           with
           the
           practice
           of
           Trade
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           certain
           that
           Ireland
           sends
           more
           Woollen
           Goods
           to
           Holland
           and
           Flanders
           ,
           than
           to
           any
           other
           Countries
           .
        
         
           In
           all
           that
           he
           says
           ,
           to
           cloud
           the
           Business
           of
           their
           Working
           cheaper
           ,
           he
           is
           as
           ill
           employ'd
           as
           if
           he
           were
           blowing
           Feathers
           against
           the
           Wind
           ,
           his
           Arguments
           flye
           back
           in
           his
           Face
           .
           'T
           is
           not
           worth
           my
           while
           to
           trace
           his
           long
           Insinuations
           ,
           I
           have
           said
           enough
           to
           that
           Point
           in
           the
           former
           Discourse
           ;
           if
           he
           Disputes
           against
           Principles
           ,
           I
           have
           done
           with
           him
           :
           Nothing
           less
           can
           be
           offer'd
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           than
           to
           prove
           ,
           that
           Provisions
           are
           not
           cheaper
           in
           Ireland
           than
           in
           England
           ;
           that
           plenty
           of
           Work
           ,
           and
           good
           Pay
           in
           one
           Countrey
           ,
           will
           not
           draw
           Work-men
           from
           a
           Neighbour
           Countrey
           where
           they
           are
           very
           plenty
           ,
           and
           Work
           is
           scarce
           ,
           that
           those
           very
           Work
           men
           will
           never
           be
           perswaded
           to
           abate
           of
           the
           high
           Wages
           which
           was
           at
           first
           given
           them
           ,
           although
           their
           Numbers
           should
           increase
           to
           ever
           so
           many
           ,
           and
           Provissons
           be
           so
           cheap
           ,
           that
           they
           could
           live
           very
           well
           at
           Half
           Wages
           .
           But
           beyond
           all
           ,
           to
           Clench
           it
           ,
           he
           ought
           to
           demonstrate
           to
           us
           plainly
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           not
           because
           Ireland
           sells
           cheaper
           than
           England
           ,
           that
           Merchants
           leave
           us
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           them
           to
           buy
           other
           Woollen
           Goods
           besides
           their
           Stockings
           ,
           Stuffs
           and
           Frizes
           ,
           but
           't
           is
           for
           some
           pretty
           charm
           which
           they
           have
           to
           attract
           them
           ,
           though
           the
           incident
           Charges
           be
           a
           little
           higher
           there
           than
           here
           .
           But
           who
           can
           forbear
           
           his
           pretty
           comparison
           of
           the
           Labour
           of
           the
           Blacks
           and
           the
           Artificers
           in
           the
           West-Indies
           ?
           can
           the
           Labour
           of
           a
           Slave
           bear
           any
           proportion
           but
           to
           that
           of
           another
           Slave
           ,
           but
           he
           may
           be
           assured
           that
           the
           proportion
           between
           the
           Labour
           of
           the
           common
           Labourer
           ,
           that
           is
           a
           Freeman
           ,
           and
           the
           Artificer
           ,
           is
           much
           the
           same
           in
           the
           West-Indies
           as
           it
           is
           in
           other
           Countries
           .
        
         
           To
           tell
           us
           of
           driving
           away
           the
           People
           from
           Ireland
           is
           but
           a
           Bugbear
           ,
           the
           very
           profits
           of
           the
           Lands
           in
           Ireland
           is
           Encouragement
           enough
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           keep
           the
           People
           that
           are
           there
           ,
           but
           to
           draw
           more
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           where
           's
           a
           Tradesman
           to
           be
           found
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           who
           after
           he
           hath
           rais'd
           any
           Stock
           to
           spare
           ,
           doth
           not
           fall
           to
           buying
           or
           renting
           Lands
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           find
           their
           Improvements
           as
           easie
           as
           in
           other
           ways
           ?
        
         
           We
           need
           not
           be
           scar'd
           from
           making
           such
           Laws
           as
           we
           think
           requisite
           for
           restraining
           Ireland
           in
           matters
           of
           Trade
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           their
           Remissness
           to
           execute
           them
           ,
           or
           their
           smuggling
           with
           France
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           as
           he
           suggests
           ;
           but
           he
           might
           have
           let
           that
           alone
           ,
           if
           we
           can't
           enforce
           the
           Execution
           of
           our
           own
           Laws
           ,
           or
           make
           what
           further
           Laws
           they
           may
           give
           us
           occasion
           ,
           for
           the
           keeping
           Ireland
           in
           a
           due
           Decorum
           ,
           't
           is
           our
           own
           Faults
           .
           And
           for
           their
           agreeing
           to
           spend
           none
           but
           their
           own
           Manufactures
           at
           home
           ;
           we
           know
           they
           are
           a
           very
           Genteel
           People
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           can't
           hold
           long
           in
           so
           moody
           a
           Temper
           ,
           but
           if
           they
           should
           ,
           that
           were
           a
           Trifle
           in
           comparison
           ,
           to
           their
           spoiling
           our
           whole
           Trade
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           neither
           could
           they
           do
           even
           that
           ,
           if
           we
           should
           in
           a
           solemn
           manner
           tell
           them
           and
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           that
           they
           shall
           not
           Manufacture
           any
           of
           their
           own
           Product
           .
           (
           't
           is
           his
           own
           Words
           )
           And
           his
           suggesting
           that
           we
           may
           be
           as
           ready
           to
           dash
           the
           Linnen-Manufacture
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Improvements
           which
           they
           may
           bring
           to
           perfection
           ,
           is
           a
           Reflection
           which
           England
           doth
           not
           deserve
           from
           them
           ,
           
           for
           though
           she
           must
           always
           retain
           her
           Authority
           ,
           to
           deal
           with
           her
           Colonies
           in
           all
           such
           matters
           as
           her
           own
           Prudence
           shall
           direct
           ;
           yet
           she
           hath
           always
           had
           an
           easie
           Rein
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           given
           such
           Liberties
           which
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           sleighted
           to
           the
           degree
           this
           Gentleman
           does
           ;
           and
           may
           be
           a
           sufficient
           assurance
           to
           them
           ,
           that
           so
           kind
           a
           Mother
           will
           never
           put
           any
           unnecessary
           difficulties
           upon
           them
           ,
           but
           will
           always
           promote
           them
           in
           every
           thing
           that
           is
           not
           unreasonably
           injurious
           to
           her self
           ;
           especially
           since
           't
           is
           her
           Interest
           as
           well
           as
           Delight
           ,
           to
           see
           them
           flourish
           under
           her
           Care
           and
           Protection
           .
           His
           gentle
           way
           of
           destroying
           their
           Manufactures
           by
           secret
           Discouragements
           ,
           and
           to
           let
           it
           decline
           by
           degrees
           ,
           &c.
           looks
           more
           like
           a
           Wheedle
           than
           a
           practical
           Project
           .
        
         
           After
           all
           I
           must
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           the
           Author
           hath
           shewn
           abundance
           of
           Ingenuity
           in
           the
           penning
           those
           Papers
           ,
           and
           whosoever
           shall
           observe
           how
           he
           hath
           manag'd
           so
           bad
           a
           Subject
           to
           the
           highest
           advantage
           ,
           it
           was
           capable
           of
           ,
           will
           believe
           that
           in
           this
           I
           don
           't
           flatter
           him
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           should
           think
           fit
           to
           employ
           his
           Ability
           in
           framing
           some
           practicable
           Scheme
           ,
           for
           the
           incorporating
           ,
           Ireland
           ,
           (
           and
           if
           he
           could
           take
           in
           Scotland
           also
           )
           with
           England
           ,
           so
           as
           that
           the
           whole
           Empire
           might
           as
           far
           as
           possible
           ,
           be
           conjoin'd
           in
           one
           entire
           Interest
           ,
           and
           be
           steer'd
           by
           one
           United
           Grand-Council
           ;
           I
           believe
           his
           performance
           therein
           would
           be
           much
           more
           agreeable
           .
           And
           when
           he
           shall
           have
           considered
           that
           matter
           throughly
           ,
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           that
           he
           may
           come
           to
           be
           of
           the
           same
           Opinion
           with
           me
           ,
           that
           even
           under
           such
           an
           Union
           ,
           the
           well-being
           of
           the
           whole
           could
           not
           be
           conserv'd
           ,
           without
           the
           laying
           some
           necessary
           Restrictions
           upon
           the
           Parts
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           own
           Instance
           of
           Kent
           and
           Sussex
           ,
           where
           he
           acknowledges
           that
           't
           is
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           besides
           ,
           to
           prohibit
           their
           Wool
           from
           going
           to
           France
           .
        
         
         
           To
           Conclude
           ,
           as
           this
           Gentleman
           hath
           given
           us
           his
           Definition
           and
           Distinction
           of
           Colonies
           ,
           I
           'll
           take
           the
           Freedom
           to
           offer
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           under
           what
           predicaments
           all
           Colonies
           whatsoever
           ,
           without
           any
           distinction
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           considered
           ;
           which
           if
           it
           may
           be
           admitted
           ,
           will
           perpetually
           determine
           this
           Controversie
           in
           the
           Judgment
           of
           all
           reasonable
           Men.
           
        
         
           First
           ,
           That
           the
           planting
           of
           all
           Colonies
           is
           by
           permission
           ,
           and
           in
           subservience
           to
           the
           Conveniencies
           of
           the
           Mother
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           all
           the
           free
           Planters
           go
           by
           their
           own
           Consent
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           Conditions
           of
           their
           Settlement
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           they
           remain
           in
           the
           Colony
           ,
           but
           that
           themselves
           or
           their
           Posterity
           may
           return
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           all
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           their
           Native
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           That
           for
           their
           Encogragement
           ,
           Lands
           and
           Priviledges
           are
           granted
           them
           upon
           very
           easie
           terms
           ,
           whereby
           they
           may
           be
           enabled
           to
           subsist
           more
           comfortably
           than
           their
           Circumstances
           could
           admit
           them
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           That
           their
           proper
           Business
           is
           to
           cultivate
           the
           Lands
           ,
           and
           raise
           the
           Product
           which
           that
           Country
           will
           yield
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           That
           no
           permission
           is
           granted
           them
           for
           Forreign
           Trade
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           their
           Mother
           Country
           shall
           from
           time
           to
           time
           see
           fit
           ,
           because
           as
           the
           Care
           and
           Charge
           of
           protecting
           them
           in
           the
           Enjoyment
           of
           their
           Possessions
           ,
           is
           always
           incumbent
           upon
           her
           ,
           't
           is
           not
           reasonable
           that
           she
           should
           divest
           her self
           from
           the
           Priviledge
           of
           reaping
           such
           advantages
           by
           them
           therein
           ,
           as
           their
           Condition
           can
           afford
           .
        
         
         
           Sixthly
           ,
           That
           they
           may
           never
           look
           upon
           themselves
           to
           be
           out
           of
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Legislature
           of
           their
           Mother
           Country
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           ought
           to
           pay
           an
           entire
           Obedience
           to
           all
           such
           Laws
           as
           she
           shall
           make
           respecting
           them
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           for
           want
           of
           these
           Considerations
           ,
           that
           Men
           take
           the
           Liberty
           to
           argue
           so
           passionately
           (
           not
           to
           say
           indecently
           )
           upon
           the
           Case
           now
           depending
           ;
           but
           if
           it
           will
           not
           be
           granted
           ,
           that
           it
           must
           always
           be
           of
           the
           Essence
           of
           a
           Colony
           ,
           to
           be
           under
           such
           Regulations
           ,
           I
           see
           no
           room
           to
           distinguish
           between
           the
           Mother
           Country
           and
           its
           Colony
           ,
           which
           were
           absurd
           to
           think
           .
           And
           since
           I
           see
           they
           are
           so
           apt
           to
           be
           forgetful
           of
           their
           Duty
           upon
           all
           such
           Occasions
           ,
           I
           could
           wish
           our
           Government
           would
           think
           fit
           ,
           
             In
             perpetuam
             rei
             memoriam
          
           ,
           to
           ordain
           ,
           that
           an
           Inscription
           of
           the
           purport
           following
           ,
           should
           be
           always
           set
           up
           in
           the
           Parliament
           House
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Houses
           of
           Assembly
           in
           all
           our
           other
           Colonies
           ,
           to
           be
           read
           the
           first
           thing
           every
           Day
           of
           their
           Sessions
           :
        
         
           Let
           us
           always
           remember
           ,
           that
           this
           Island
           (
           or
           Province
           )
           is
           a
           Colony
           ;
           that
           England
           is
           our
           Mother
           Countrey
           ;
           that
           we
           are
           ever
           to
           expect
           Protection
           from
           her
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           our
           Lands
           ;
           which
           we
           are
           to
           cultivate
           and
           improve
           for
           our
           own
           Subsistence
           and
           Advantage
           ,
           but
           not
           to
           Trade
           to
           or
           with
           any
           other
           Nation
           without
           her
           Permission
           ;
           and
           that
           't
           is
           our
           incumbent
           Duty
           to
           pay
           Obedience
           to
           all
           such
           Laws
           as
           she
           shall
           Enact
           concerning
           Us.
           
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A33409-e170
           
             *
             A
             Gentleman
             who
             liv'd
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Kerry
             ,
             told
             me
             ,
             that
             for
             about
             13.
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             Rack-Rent
             ,
             he
             had
             Land
             enough
             to
             keep
             50
             Head
             of
             Black
             Cattle
             ,
             and
             breed
             more
             Corn
             than
             his
             Family
             could
             spend
             .
          
        
      
    
  

