item: #1 of 26 id: chapter_01-how_many_kinds_principalities_there_are_and_by_what_means_they_are_acquired author: None title: chapter_01-how_many_kinds_principalities_there_are_and_by_what_means_they_are_acquired date: None words: 134 flesch: 74 summary: There are many principalities and republics in the world. Principals are either hereditary or new. New principalities are annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acquired them. They are acquired either by the arms or by fortune or by ability. keywords: principalities cache: chapter_01-how_many_kinds_principalities_there_are_and_by_what_means_they_are_acquired.txt plain text: chapter_01-how_many_kinds_principalities_there_are_and_by_what_means_they_are_acquired.txt item: #2 of 26 id: chapter_02-concerning_hereditary_principalities author: None title: chapter_02-concerning_hereditary_principalities date: None words: 256 flesch: 36 summary: There are fewer difficulties in holding hereditary states and those long accustomed to the family of their prince than new ones. The hereditary prince has less cause and less necessity to offend. He will be more loved than a new usurper. He is more likely to be well-liked than to be hated. keywords: principalities cache: chapter_02-concerning_hereditary_principalities.txt plain text: chapter_02-concerning_hereditary_principalities.txt item: #3 of 26 id: chapter_03-concerning_mixed_principalities author: None title: chapter_03-concerning_mixed_principalities date: None words: 3010 flesch: 51 summary: Louis XII, King of France, quickly occupied Milan and quickly lost it. Lodovico took Milan a second time to turn Louis XII out. Louis XII was eventually defeated and driven out of Italy. Louis XI's son, Louis VII, took Milan again. keywords: italy; king; state; time cache: chapter_03-concerning_mixed_principalities.txt plain text: chapter_03-concerning_mixed_principalities.txt item: #4 of 26 id: chapter_04-why_the_kingdom_darius_conquered_by_alexander_did_not_rebel_against_the_successors_alexander_at_his_death author: None title: chapter_04-why_the_kingdom_darius_conquered_by_alexander_did_not_rebel_against_the_successors_alexander_at_his_death date: None words: 966 flesch: 51 summary: Alexander the Great conquered the kingdom of Durga and ruled it for a few years before he died. Alexander's successors did not rebel against Alexander at his death. The Turk and the King of France are two examples of two different principalities governed in different ways. keywords: kingdom cache: chapter_04-why_the_kingdom_darius_conquered_by_alexander_did_not_rebel_against_the_successors_alexander_at_his_death.txt plain text: chapter_04-why_the_kingdom_darius_conquered_by_alexander_did_not_rebel_against_the_successors_alexander_at_his_death.txt item: #5 of 26 id: chapter_05-concerning_the_way_to_govern_cities_or_principalities_which_lived_under_their_own_laws_before_they_were_annexed author: None title: chapter_05-concerning_the_way_to_govern_cities_or_principalities_which_lived_under_their_own_laws_before_they_were_annexed date: None words: 461 flesch: 66 summary: There are three ways to become a ruler of a state. The first is to ruin them, the next is to reside there in person, and the third is to permit them to live under their own laws and establish an oligarchy within it. keywords: laws cache: chapter_05-concerning_the_way_to_govern_cities_or_principalities_which_lived_under_their_own_laws_before_they_were_annexed.txt plain text: chapter_05-concerning_the_way_to_govern_cities_or_principalities_which_lived_under_their_own_laws_before_they_were_annexed.txt item: #6 of 26 id: chapter_06-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_by_ones_own_arms_and_ability author: None title: chapter_06-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_by_ones_own_arms_and_ability date: None words: 1205 flesch: 56 summary: Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, Theseus, and Cyrus are examples of those who have risen to be princes by their own ability and not through fortune. Moses was an executor of the will of God. Cyrus founded kingdoms. keywords: ability; prince cache: chapter_06-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_by_ones_own_arms_and_ability.txt plain text: chapter_06-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_by_ones_own_arms_and_ability.txt item: #7 of 26 id: chapter_07-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_either_by_the_arms_others_or_by_good_fortune author: None title: chapter_07-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_either_by_the_arms_others_or_by_good_fortune date: None words: 2599 flesch: 60 summary: Francesco Sforza and Cesare Borgia rose to be princes by good fortune or by ability. They were called Duke Valentino and Duke of Milan respectively. They are examples of those who rise unexpectedly to become princes. keywords: alexander; duke; orsini; pope cache: chapter_07-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_either_by_the_arms_others_or_by_good_fortune.txt plain text: chapter_07-concerning_new_principalities_which_are_acquired_either_by_the_arms_others_or_by_good_fortune.txt item: #8 of 26 id: chapter_08-concerning_those_who_have_obtained_a_principality_by_wickedness author: None title: chapter_08-concerning_those_who_have_obtained_a_principality_by_wickedness date: None words: 1528 flesch: 50 summary: There are two ways in which a prince can rise from a private position to become a prince: by wickedness or by the favour of his fellow-citizens. Agathocles, the Sicilian, became King of Syracuse from a low and abject position. Hamilcar, the Carthaginian, killed all the senators and the richest of the people and took control of Syracuse by force. keywords: agathocles; citizens; giovanni cache: chapter_08-concerning_those_who_have_obtained_a_principality_by_wickedness.txt plain text: chapter_08-concerning_those_who_have_obtained_a_principality_by_wickedness.txt item: #9 of 26 id: chapter_09-concerning_a_civil_principality author: None title: chapter_09-concerning_a_civil_principality date: None words: 1285 flesch: 43 summary: A civil principality is obtained either by the favour of the people or by the favor of the nobles. People do not wish to be ruled nor oppressed by the nobles, and the nobles want to rule and oppress the people. A prince can never secure himself against a hostile people, because of their being too many, whereas from the nobles he can secure himself. keywords: people cache: chapter_09-concerning_a_civil_principality.txt plain text: chapter_09-concerning_a_civil_principality.txt item: #10 of 26 id: chapter_10-concerning_the_way_in_which_the_strength_all_principalities_ought_to_be_measured author: None title: chapter_10-concerning_the_way_in_which_the_strength_all_principalities_ought_to_be_measured date: None words: 719 flesch: 42 summary: There are two types of princes: those who can support themselves by their own resources and those who need the help of others. In the first case, princes are encouraged to provision and fortify their towns, and not on any account to defend the country. The cities of Germany are absolutely free, they own but little, and they yield obedience to the emperor when it suits them. keywords: prince cache: chapter_10-concerning_the_way_in_which_the_strength_all_principalities_ought_to_be_measured.txt plain text: chapter_10-concerning_the_way_in_which_the_strength_all_principalities_ought_to_be_measured.txt item: #11 of 26 id: chapter_11-concerning_ecclesiastical_principalities author: None title: chapter_11-concerning_ecclesiastical_principalities date: None words: 873 flesch: 53 summary: Before Charles, King of France, passed into Italy, the country was under the dominion of the Pope, the Venetians, the King of Naples, the Duke of Milan, and the Florentines. Now a king of France has been able to drive him from Italy and ruin Venetian power. keywords: pope cache: chapter_11-concerning_ecclesiastical_principalities.txt plain text: chapter_11-concerning_ecclesiastical_principalities.txt item: #12 of 26 id: chapter_12-how_many_kinds_soldiery_there_are_and_concerning_mercenaries author: None title: chapter_12-how_many_kinds_soldiery_there_are_and_concerning_mercenaries date: None words: 1712 flesch: 62 summary: The foundations of all states are good laws and good arms. Mercenaries and auxiliaries are useless and dangerous. They are disunited, ambitious, without discipline, unfaithful, valiant before friends and cowardly before enemies. They have neither the fear of God nor fidelity to men. They take themselves off or run from the foe in war. keywords: arms; italy; mercenaries cache: chapter_12-how_many_kinds_soldiery_there_are_and_concerning_mercenaries.txt plain text: chapter_12-how_many_kinds_soldiery_there_are_and_concerning_mercenaries.txt item: #13 of 26 id: chapter_13-concerning_auxiliaries_mixed_soldiery_and_ones_own author: None title: chapter_13-concerning_auxiliaries_mixed_soldiery_and_ones_own date: None words: 1244 flesch: 49 summary: Pope Julius II used auxiliaries instead of mercenaries in his invasion of Ferrara. He was defeated by the Switzers. The Florentines sent ten thousand Frenchmen to take Pisa. The Emperor of Constantinople sent 10,000 Turks into Greece. keywords: arms; forces cache: chapter_13-concerning_auxiliaries_mixed_soldiery_and_ones_own.txt plain text: chapter_13-concerning_auxiliaries_mixed_soldiery_and_ones_own.txt item: #14 of 26 id: chapter_14-that_which_concerns_a_prince_on_the_subject_the_art_war author: None title: chapter_14-that_which_concerns_a_prince_on_the_subject_the_art_war date: None words: 889 flesch: 57 summary: A prince's aim should be to master the art of war and its rules and discipline. War is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it often enables men to rise from a private station to that rank. When princes have thought more of ease than of arms, they have lost their states. keywords: prince; war cache: chapter_14-that_which_concerns_a_prince_on_the_subject_the_art_war.txt plain text: chapter_14-that_which_concerns_a_prince_on_the_subject_the_art_war.txt item: #15 of 26 id: chapter_15-concerning_things_for_which_men_and_especially_princes_are_praised_or_blamed author: None title: chapter_15-concerning_things_for_which_men_and_especially_princes_are_praised_or_blamed date: None words: 520 flesch: 39 summary: There are rules of conduct for a prince towards his subjects and friends. Princes are remarkable for some of the qualities that bring them either blame or praise. They are reputed liberal, reputed generous, rapacious, cruel, compassionate, faithless, faithful, weak, cowardly, brave, affable, haughty, lascivious, chaste, sincere, cunning, hard, easy, one grave, another frivolous. keywords: prince cache: chapter_15-concerning_things_for_which_men_and_especially_princes_are_praised_or_blamed.txt plain text: chapter_15-concerning_things_for_which_men_and_especially_princes_are_praised_or_blamed.txt item: #16 of 26 id: chapter_16-concerning_liberality_and_meanness author: None title: chapter_16-concerning_liberality_and_meanness date: None words: 812 flesch: 52 summary: In chapter XVI of "Concerning Liberalism and Meansess" Pope Julius the Second was assisted in reaching the papacy by a reputation for liberalism, but he didn't keep it up after he made war on the King of France and made many wars without imposing extraordinary taxes. keywords: liberality cache: chapter_16-concerning_liberality_and_meanness.txt plain text: chapter_16-concerning_liberality_and_meanness.txt item: #17 of 26 id: chapter_17-concerning_cruelty_and_clemency_and_whether_it_is_better_to_be_loved_than_feared author: None title: chapter_17-concerning_cruelty_and_clemency_and_whether_it_is_better_to_be_loved_than_feared date: None words: 1070 flesch: 54 summary: It is better to be loved than feared. New states are full of dangers, so it is impossible for a new prince to avoid the reproach of cruelty. Prince should be slow to believe and to act, but proceed in a temperate manner with humanity. keywords: cruelty; prince cache: chapter_17-concerning_cruelty_and_clemency_and_whether_it_is_better_to_be_loved_than_feared.txt plain text: chapter_17-concerning_cruelty_and_clemency_and_whether_it_is_better_to_be_loved_than_feared.txt item: #18 of 26 id: chapter_18-concerning_the_way_in_which_princes_should_keep_faith author: None title: chapter_18-concerning_the_way_in_which_princes_should_keep_faith date: None words: 991 flesch: 60 summary: There are two ways of contesting: by law and by force. The first method is proper to men, the second to beasts. It is necessary for a prince to know how to make use of both natures. Achilles and other princes of old were given to the Centaur Chiron to nurse. keywords: prince cache: chapter_18-concerning_the_way_in_which_princes_should_keep_faith.txt plain text: chapter_18-concerning_the_way_in_which_princes_should_keep_faith.txt item: #19 of 26 id: chapter_19-that_one_should_avoid_being_despised_and_hated author: None title: chapter_19-that_one_should_avoid_being_despised_and_hated date: None words: 3541 flesch: 36 summary: A prince should avoid being hated or contemptible. He should show greatness, courage, gravity, and fortitude in his private dealings with his subjects and maintain his reputation. He is protected by being well armed and having good allies. He can only be attacked with difficulty if he is highly esteemed by his people. keywords: fear; people; prince; soldiers cache: chapter_19-that_one_should_avoid_being_despised_and_hated.txt plain text: chapter_19-that_one_should_avoid_being_despised_and_hated.txt item: #20 of 26 id: chapter_20-fortresses_and_many_other_things_to_which_princes_often_resort_advantageous_or_hurtful author: None title: chapter_20-fortresses_and_many_other_things_to_which_princes_often_resort_advantageous_or_hurtful date: None words: 1514 flesch: 56 summary: Some princes have disarmed their subjects to hold securely the state, others have kept their subject towns by factions, others fostered enmities against themselves, some have built fortresses, some overthrown and destroyed them. New princes have always armed their subjects, because by arming them, those men who were distrustful become faithful, and those who were faithful are kept. keywords: fortresses; prince cache: chapter_20-fortresses_and_many_other_things_to_which_princes_often_resort_advantageous_or_hurtful.txt plain text: chapter_20-fortresses_and_many_other_things_to_which_princes_often_resort_advantageous_or_hurtful.txt item: #21 of 26 id: chapter_21-how_a_prince_should_conduct_himself_so_as_to_gain_renown author: None title: chapter_21-how_a_prince_should_conduct_himself_so_as_to_gain_renown date: None words: 1277 flesch: 54 summary: Ferdinand of Aragon has risen from being an insignificant king to being the foremost king in Christendom. He attacked Granada in the beginning of his reign and laid the foundation of his dominions. He assailed Africa, came down on Italy and attacked France. His achievements and designs have always been great. keywords: favour; prince cache: chapter_21-how_a_prince_should_conduct_himself_so_as_to_gain_renown.txt plain text: chapter_21-how_a_prince_should_conduct_himself_so_as_to_gain_renown.txt item: #22 of 26 id: chapter_22-concerning_the_secretaries_princes author: None title: chapter_22-concerning_the_secretaries_princes date: None words: 459 flesch: 45 summary: The choice of a prince's servants is of no little importance to a prince. A prince can only form a good opinion of his servants if they are capable and faithful. If they are not, the prime error made by the prince was in choosing them. keywords: prince cache: chapter_22-concerning_the_secretaries_princes.txt plain text: chapter_22-concerning_the_secretaries_princes.txt item: #23 of 26 id: chapter_23-how_flatterers_should_be_avoided author: None title: chapter_23-how_flatterers_should_be_avoided date: None words: 703 flesch: 58 summary: Flatters are a danger to princes. Princes should choose wise councillors and listen to their opinions before forming his own conclusions. Maximilian, the present emperor, never got his own way because he consulted with no one and was secretive. keywords: prince cache: chapter_23-how_flatterers_should_be_avoided.txt plain text: chapter_23-how_flatterers_should_be_avoided.txt item: #24 of 26 id: chapter_24-princes_italy_have_lost_their_states author: None title: chapter_24-princes_italy_have_lost_their_states date: None words: 535 flesch: 41 summary: A new prince will be able to gain more men and bind tighter than an hereditary one. He will be more secure and fixed in the state than if he had been long seated there. The seigniors who have lost their states in Italy in our times have a common defect in regard to arms. In the absence of these defects states that have power enough to keep an army in the field cannot be lost. keywords: good cache: chapter_24-princes_italy_have_lost_their_states.txt plain text: chapter_24-princes_italy_have_lost_their_states.txt item: #25 of 26 id: chapter_25-what_fortune_can_effect_in_human_affairs_and_how_to_withstand_her author: None title: chapter_25-what_fortune_can_effect_in_human_affairs_and_how_to_withstand_her date: None words: 1167 flesch: 51 summary: Fortunety is the arbiter of one half of human actions, but still leaves us to direct the other half. He compares fortune to one of those raging rivers, which when in flood overflows the plains, sweeping away trees and buildings, and bearing away the soil from place to place. Italy, which is the seat of these changes, is an open country without barriers and without any defence. keywords: fortune; men cache: chapter_25-what_fortune_can_effect_in_human_affairs_and_how_to_withstand_her.txt plain text: chapter_25-what_fortune_can_effect_in_human_affairs_and_how_to_withstand_her.txt item: #26 of 26 id: chapter_26-exhortation_to_liberate_italy_from_the_barbarians author: None title: chapter_26-exhortation_to_liberate_italy_from_the_barbarians date: None words: 1371 flesch: 60 summary: There is a need for a new prince in Italy. The present times are propitious to such a prince. Italy has suffered a lot in the past. God wants to deliver Italy from the current situation. Italy is ready to follow a banner if someone will raise it. keywords: god; italy; order cache: chapter_26-exhortation_to_liberate_italy_from_the_barbarians.txt plain text: chapter_26-exhortation_to_liberate_italy_from_the_barbarians.txt